Fair Value Measurements

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

11. Fair Value Measurements

The carrying amounts of certain financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximate their respective fair values due to the short-term nature of such instruments.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The Company evaluates its financial assets and liabilities subject to fair value measurements on a recurring basis to determine the appropriate level in which to classify them for each reporting period. This determination requires significant judgments to be made. The following table summarizes the conclusions reached as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 for financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):


			Fair Value Hierarchy Classification
	Balance		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
June 30, 2023
Cash	$	651	$	651		—		—
Restricted cash		598		598		—		—
Money market funds		57,254		57,254		—		—
Total assets	$	58,503	$	58,503		—		—

Warrant liabilities	$	32,103		—		—	$	32,103
Derivative liability		406		—		—		406
Total liabilities	$	32,509		—		—	$	32,509

December 31, 2022
Cash	$	415	$	415		—		—
Restricted cash		218		218		—		—
Money market funds		45,399		45,399		—		—
Total assets	$	46,032	$	46,032		—		—

Warrant liabilities	$	18,644		—		—	$	18,644
Derivative liability		42		—		—		42
Total liabilities	$	18,686		—		—	$	18,686

The Company measures cash equivalents at fair value on a recurring basis. The fair value of cash equivalents is determined based on “Level 1” inputs, which consist of quoted prices in active markets for identical assets. As of June 30, 2023, the cash and cash equivalents of $57.9 million and the restricted cash balances of $0.4 million and $0.2 million within short and long term on the balance sheet, respectively, sum to the total of $58.5 million as shown in the statement of cash flows.

Level 3 financial liabilities consist of the warrant liabilities for which there is no current market such that the determination of fair value requires significant judgment or estimation. Changes in fair value measurements categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are analyzed each period based on changes in estimates or assumptions and recorded as appropriate. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option valuation model to value the Level 3 warrant liabilities at inception and on subsequent valuation dates. This model incorporates transaction details such as the Company’s stock price, contractual terms, maturity, risk free rates, as well as volatility. The unobservable input for all of the Level 3 warrant liabilities includes volatility. The historical and implied volatility of the Company, using its closing common stock prices and market data, is utilized to reflect future volatility over the expected term of the warrants. At June 30, 2023, the range and weighted average of the Level 3 volatilities utilized in the Black-Scholes model to fair value the warrant liabilities were 80.2% to 92.1 and 80.9%, respectively.

The Company uses the binomial lattice valuation model to value the Level 3 derivative liabilities at inception and on subsequent valuation dates. This model incorporates transaction details such as the Company’s stock price, contractual terms, dividend yield, risk-free rate, adjusted equity volatility, credit rating, market credit spread, and estimated effective yield. The unobservable inputs associated with the Level 3 derivative liabilities are adjusted equity volatility, market credit spread, and

estimated yield. As of June 30, 2023, these inputs were 87.6%, 1,274 basis points, and 17.8%, respectively. The senior convertible notes are initially fair valued using the binomial lattice model and with the straight debt fair value calculated using the discounted cash flow method. The residual difference represents the fair value of the embedded derivative liabilities and the fair value of the embedded derivative liabilities are reassessed using the binomial lattice valuation model on a quarterly basis.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) is as follows (in thousands):


	Warrant Liabilities
Balance – December 31, 2022	$	18,644
Loss adjustment to fair value		13,459
Balance – June 30, 2023	$	32,103

	Derivative Liability
Balance – December 31, 2022	$	42
Loss adjustment to fair value		364
Balance – June 30, 2023	$	406

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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