Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). Any reference in these notes to applicable guidance is meant to refer to the authoritative U.S. GAAP as found in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”), and Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”), of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”). The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2024 and the Company and CalciMedica Subsidiary, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2023. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Since Private CalciMedica was determined to be the accounting acquirer in connection with the Merger, for periods prior to the Merger, the consolidated financial statements were prepared on a stand-alone basis for Private CalciMedica and did not include the combined entities activity or financial position. Subsequent to the Merger, the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024 include Graybug’s activity from March 21, 2023 through December 31, 2024, and assets and liabilities at their acquisition date fair value. Historical share and per share figures of Private CalciMedica have been retroactively restated based on the merger exchange ratio of 0.0288.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that impact the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in the Company’s consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The most significant estimates in the Company’s consolidated financial statements relate to accruals for research and development expenses, valuation of warrants and valuation of equity awards. These estimates and assumptions are based on current facts, historical experience and various other factors believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the recording of expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ materially and adversely from these estimates. To the extent there are material differences between the estimates and actual results, the Company’s future results of operations will be affected.

Concentration of Credit Risk and other Risks and Uncertainties

Financial instruments, which potentially subject the Company to concentration of risk, consist principally of cash and cash equivalents. The Company’s cash is deposited with major federally insured U.S. financial institutions. The Company has no off-balance sheet concentrations of credit risk, such as foreign currency exchange contracts, option contracts or other hedging arrangements.

The Company is dependent on contract manufacturing organizations (“CMO”) to supply products for research and development of its product candidates, including preclinical and clinical studies, and for commercialization of its product candidates, if approved. The Company’s development programs could be adversely affected by any significant interruption in CMO’s operations or by a significant interruption in the supply of active pharmaceutical ingredients and other components.

Products developed by the Company require approval from the FDA or other international regulatory agencies prior to commercial sales. There can be no assurance the Company’s product candidates will receive the necessary approvals. If the Company is denied approvals, approvals are delayed, or the Company is unable to maintain approvals received, such events could have a materially adverse impact on the Company.

The determination of a single business segment is consistent with the consolidated financial information regularly reviewed by the chief executive officer, who is the Company's CODM, in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources on a consolidated basis.

The CODM makes decisions on resource allocation, assesses performance of the business, and monitors budget versus actual results using income from operations. Net loss is also a measure that is considered in monitoring budget versus actual results. The measure of segment assets is reported on the consolidated balance sheets as total consolidated assets.

The following table presents information about reported segment loss and significant segment expenses for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2024			2023
Segment research and development (a) (b)	$	(13,607	)	$	(13,380	)
Segment general and administrative (b)		(8,226	)		(12,598	)
Stock-based compensation (see Note 8)		(2,313	)		(12,039	)
Depreciation expense (see Note 2)		(58	)		(58	)
Operating loss	$	(24,204	)	$	(38,075	)
Reconciliation of profit or loss
Adjustments and reconciling items		—			—
Consolidated operating loss	$	(24,204	)	$	(38,075	)

Stock-based compensation expense of $840,000 and $2,449,000, related to research and development and $1,473,000 and $9,590,000, related to general and administration have been excluded for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Depreciation expense of $31,000 and $29,000, related to research and development and $28,000 and $28,000, related general and administration have been excluded for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Research and Development Costs

Research and development costs consist primarily of salaries, payroll taxes, employee benefits and stock-based compensation for those individuals involved in ongoing research and development efforts, as well as fees paid to consultants, external research fees, license fees paid to third parties for use of their intellectual property, laboratory supplies and development of compound materials, associated overhead expenses and facilities and depreciation costs. Nonrefundable advance payments for goods and services that will be used in future research and development activities are expensed when the activity has been performed or when the goods have been received rather than when the payment is made. All research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

The Company estimates preclinical studies and clinical trial expenses based on the services performed pursuant to contracts with research institutions and clinical research organizations that conduct and manage preclinical studies and clinical trials on the Company’s behalf. In accruing service fees, the Company estimates the time period over which services will be performed and the level of effort to be expended in each period. These estimates are based on communications with the third-party service providers, and on information available at each balance sheet date. If the actual timing of the performance of services or the level of effort varies from the estimate, the Company will adjust the accrual accordingly. The estimates are trued up to reflect the best information available at the time of the financial statement issuance. Although the Company does not expect its estimates to be materially different from amounts actually incurred, the Company’s estimate of the status and timing of services performed relative to the actual status and timing of services performed may vary.

Warrant Liability

Private CalciMedica has issued various freestanding warrants to purchase shares of its convertible preferred stock. Prior to the Merger, Private CalciMedica adjusted the carrying value of such convertible preferred stock warrants to the estimated fair value at each reporting date, with any related increases or decreases in the fair value being recorded within other income (expense) in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, the Series C convertible preferred stock warrants became warrants to purchase shares of the combined company's common stock. As a result of the Merger, the warrants no longer meet the requirements for liability accounting and, as such, Private CalciMedica adjusted the value of the warrants to the estimated fair value as of the Merger date and reclassified them to stockholders' equity (deficit).

As a result of the 2024 Private Placement, certain warrants to purchase common stock were deemed freestanding warrants and are reflected in the Company’s balance sheet as a liability as of and for the period ending December 31, 2024.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-based compensation expense represents the cost of the grant date fair value of employee stock options recognized over the requisite service period of the awards (usually the vesting period) on a straight-line basis. The Company estimates the fair value of stock option grants using the Black-Scholes option pricing model (“Black-Scholes”). Forfeitures are recognized as a reduction of stock-based compensation expense as they occur. Equity-based compensation expense is classified in the statements of operations in the same manner in which the award recipients’ payroll costs are classified or in which the award recipients’ service payments are classified. The fair value of each stock option grant is estimated on the date of grant using Black Scholes. The following summarizes the inputs used:

Fair Value of Common Stock

The Company uses the closing stock price the day prior to the grant date for the fair value.

Risk-Free Interest Rate

The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield in effect at the time of grant for zero coupon U.S. Treasury notes with maturities similar to the expected term of the awards.

Expected Volatility

The Company uses an average volatility for comparable publicly-traded biopharmaceutical companies over a period equal to the expected term of the stock award grant as CalciMedica does not yet have sufficient historical trading history for its own stock. CalciMedica will continue to apply this method until a sufficient amount of historical information over a period equal to the expected term of the stock-based awards becomes available.

Expected Term

The Company used the simplified method to calculate the expected term for all grants during all periods, which is based on the midpoint between the vesting date and the end of the contractual term.

Expected Dividend Yield

The Company has never paid and has no present intention to pay cash dividends.

effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

The Company recognizes net deferred tax assets to the extent that the Company believes these assets are more likely than not to be realized. In making such a determination, management considers all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies, and results of recent operations. If management determines that the Company would be able to realize its deferred tax assets in the future in excess of their net recorded amount, management would make an adjustment to the deferred tax asset valuation allowance, which would reduce the provision for income taxes.

The Company records uncertain tax positions on the basis of a two-step process whereby (1) management determines whether it is more likely than not that the tax positions will be sustained on the basis of the technical merits of the position and (2) for those tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, management recognizes the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50% likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with the related tax authority. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits within income tax expense. Any accrued interest and penalties are included within the related tax liability.

Related Party Transactions

The Company’s board of directors reviews and approves transactions with directors, officers and holders of 5% or more of its voting securities and their affiliates, each a related party. The material facts as to the related party’s relationship or interest in the transaction are disclosed to its board of directors prior to their consideration of such transaction, and the transaction is not considered approved by its board of directors unless a majority of the directors who are not interested in the transaction approve the transaction.

Beginning in November 2020, Private CalciMedica has paid consulting fees monthly to a consulting firm affiliated with the Company’s interim chief financial officer in connection with its consulting agreement. CalciMedica recorded expense of $289,000 and $521,000 during years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

In May 2024, the Company granted a warrant to purchase 10,000 shares of common stock to a consulting firm affiliated with the Company’s interim chief financial officer. The Company recorded expense of $13,000 to general and administrative expense for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Net Loss Per Share

Net loss is equivalent to net loss attributable to common stockholders for all periods presented. Basic net loss per share is computed using the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. The Company calculates diluted net loss per share using the more dilutive of the (1) treasury stock method, if-converted method, or contingently issuable share method, as applicable, or (2) the two-class method. For warrants, the calculation of diluted net loss per share requires that, to the extent the average fair value of the underlying shares for the reporting period exceeds the exercise price of the warrants and the presumed exercise of such securities are dilutive to net loss per share for the period, adjustments to net loss used in the calculation are required to remove the change in fair value of the warrants for the period.

In all periods presented, the Company’s outstanding preferred stock, stock options, preferred, common and convertible promissory note warrants, and outstanding convertible promissory notes were excluded from the calculation of loss per share because the effect would be antidilutive. Accordingly, in periods in which the Company reports a net loss, diluted net loss per share is the same as basic net loss per share.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40). The ASU provides guidance that simplified the accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity. The new guidance reduced the number of accounting models for convertible debt and convertible preferred stock instruments and made certain disclosure amendments intended to improve the information provided to users. The guidance also amended the derivative guidance for the “own stock” scope exception, which exempts qualifying instruments from being accounted for as derivatives if certain criteria are met. Finally, the standard changed the way certain convertible instruments are treated when calculating earnings per share. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted this ASU as of January 1, 2024, which did not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07 Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. This guidance expands public entities’ segment disclosures primarily by requiring disclosure of significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss, an amount and description of its composition for other segment items, and interim disclosures of a reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets. The amendments are required to be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in an

entity’s financial statements. The Company adopted the new accounting standard retrospectively for the fiscal year 2024. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements related disclosures, however, we have added additional footnote disclosure as part of the adoption.

In December 2023, the FASB issued final guidance in ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (ASC 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures requiring entities to provide additional information in the rate reconciliation and disclosures about income taxes paid. For public business entities, the guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company has adopted this ASU No. 2023-09 effective December 31, 2024.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40) which requires public entities to disclose in the notes to financial statements, of additional specified information about certain costs and expenses. For public business entities, the guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact that this guidance will have on the consolidated financial statements.