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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2025

The condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). Any reference in these notes to applicable guidance is meant to refer to the authoritative U.S. GAAP as found in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”), and Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”), of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”).

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that impact the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The most significant estimates in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements relate to accruals for research and development expenses, valuation of promissory notes, valuation of warrants and valuation of equity awards. These estimates and assumptions are based on current facts, historical experience and various other factors believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the recording of expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ materially and adversely from these estimates. To the extent there are material differences between the estimates and actual results, the Company’s future results of operations will be affected.

Concentration of Credit Risk and other Risks and Uncertainties

Financial instruments, which potentially subject the Company to concentration of risk, consist principally of cash and cash equivalents. The Company’s cash is deposited with major federally insured U.S. financial institutions. The Company has no off-balance sheet concentrations of credit risk, such as foreign currency exchange contracts, option contracts or other hedging arrangements.

The Company is dependent on contract manufacturing organizations (“CMO”) to supply products for research and development of its product candidates, including preclinical and clinical studies, and for commercialization of its product candidates, if approved. The Company’s development programs could be adversely affected by any significant interruption in CMO’s operations or by a significant interruption in the supply of active pharmaceutical ingredients and other components.

Products developed by the Company require approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) or other international regulatory agencies prior to commercial sales. There can be no assurance the Company’s product candidates will receive the necessary approvals. If the Company is denied approvals, approvals are delayed, or the Company is unable to maintain approvals received, such events could have a materially adverse impact on the Company.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of readily available cash in checking accounts, money market funds, corporate debt securities and commercial paper. The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less from the date of purchase to be cash equivalents.

Short-term Investments

The Company invests excess cash in commercial paper, U.S. treasury bills and U.S. government sponsored entities, such as mortgage-backed securities. These investments are included in short-term investments on the balance sheet, classified as available-for-sale and reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income. Realized gains and losses on the sale of these securities are recognized in net gain (loss) in other income (expense) in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Segment Information

The Company manages its operations as a single segment for the purposes of assessing performance and making operating decisions. The financial information is regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), in deciding how to allocate resources. The Company’s CODM is its chief executive officer. The Company’s singular focus is on developing highly selective calcium release-activated calcium channel inhibitors to improve outcomes for patients with acute inflammatory indications. No significant revenue has been generated since inception, and all tangible assets are held in the United States.

The Company operates as one operating segment focused on developing and commercializing innovative therapeutics primarily in the U.S. The accounting policies of the segment are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies.

The determination of a single business segment is consistent with the consolidated financial information regularly reviewed by the chief executive officer, who is the Company's CODM, in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources on a consolidated basis.

The CODM makes decisions on resource allocation, assesses performance of the business, and monitors budget versus actual results using income from operations. Net loss is also a measure that is considered in monitoring budget versus actual results. The measure of segment assets is reported on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as total assets.

The following table presents information about reported segment loss and significant segment expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025			2024
Segment research and development (a) (b)	$	(4,040	)	$	(2,765	)
Segment general and administrative (a) (b)		(1,893	)		(2,573	)
Stock-based compensation (see Note 7)		(549	)		(414	)
Depreciation expense		(15	)		(15	)
Operating loss	$	(6,497	)	$	(5,767	)
Reconciliation of profit or loss
Adjustments and reconciling items		—			—
Consolidated operating loss	$	(6,497	)	$	(5,767	)

Stock-based compensation expense of $177,000 and $171,000 related to research and development and $372,000 and $243,000, related to general and administration have been excluded for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Depreciation expense of $7,000 and $8,000 related to research and development and $8,000 and $7,000, related general and administration have been excluded for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Fair Value Option

As permitted under ASC 825, Financial Instruments, the Company has elected the fair value option to account for its promissory note due to certain embedded features within the notes. The Company recognizes the promissory note at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations located on the change in fair value of financial instruments line item. Changes in fair value as a result of the Company’s own credit risk is reflected in other income in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. As a result of applying the fair value option, direct costs and fees related to the promissory note were expensed as incurred and not deferred.

Leases

The Company leases office space with an original lease term of twelve months and does not have a right-of-use asset or lease liability recorded. The Company's policy is not to record leases with an original term of twelve months or less on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company recognizes lease expense for this short-term lease on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. The lease is accounted for under ASC 842, Leases, and has been classified as an operating lease. Rent expense recognized was $30,000 for each of the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

Research and Development Costs

Research and development costs consist primarily of salaries, payroll taxes, employee benefits and stock-based compensation for those individuals involved in ongoing research and development efforts, as well as fees paid to consultants, external research fees, license fees paid to third parties for use of their intellectual property, laboratory supplies and development of compound materials, associated overhead expenses and facilities and depreciation costs. Nonrefundable advance payments for goods and services that will be used in future research and development activities are expensed when the activity has been performed or when the goods have been received rather than when the payment is made. All research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

The Company estimates preclinical studies and clinical trial expenses based on the services performed pursuant to contracts with research institutions and clinical research organizations that conduct and manage preclinical studies and clinical trials on the Company’s behalf. In accruing service fees, the Company estimates the time period over which services will be performed and the level of effort to be expended in each period. These estimates are based on communications with the third-party service providers, and on information available at each balance sheet date. If the actual timing of the performance of services or the level of effort varies from the estimate, the Company will adjust the accrual accordingly. The estimates are trued up to reflect the best information available at the time of the financial statement issuance. Although the Company does not expect its estimates to be materially different from amounts actually incurred, the Company’s estimate of the status and timing of services performed relative to the actual status and timing of services performed may vary.

General and Administrative Costs

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and related benefits, including stock-based compensation, related to executive, finance, business development, legal, human resources and support functions, including professional fees for auditing, tax, consulting and patent-related services, rent, utilities and insurance.

Patent Costs

Costs related to filing and pursuing patent applications are expensed as incurred since recoverability of such expenditures is uncertain.

Deferred Offering Costs

The Company capitalizes costs that are directly associated with equity financings until such financings are consummated, at which time such costs are recorded against the gross proceeds of the offering. Should an in-process equity financing be abandoned, the deferred offering costs will be expensed immediately as a charge to operating expenses in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss. As of March 31, 2025, the Company had deferred costs associated with its ATM Facility (as defined in Note 6) and expensed these costs in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Warrant Liability

As a result of the 2024 Private Placement (described in Note 6 below), certain warrants to purchase common stock were deemed freestanding warrants and are reflected in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets as a liability as of and for the period ending March 31, 2025.

Stock-based Compensation

Stock-based compensation expense represents the cost of the grant date fair value of employee stock options recognized over the requisite service period of the awards (usually the vesting period) on a straight-line basis. The Company estimates the fair value of stock option grants using the Black-Scholes option pricing model (“Black-Scholes”). Forfeitures are recognized as a reduction of stock-based compensation expense as they occur. Equity-based compensation expense is classified in the statements of operations in the same manner in which the award recipients’ payroll costs are classified or in which the award recipients’ service payments are classified. The fair value of each stock option grant is estimated on the date of grant using Black Scholes. The following summarizes the inputs used:

Fair Value of Common Stock

The Company uses the closing stock price the day of the grant date for the fair value.

Risk-Free Interest Rate

The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield in effect at the time of grant for zero coupon U.S. Treasury notes with maturities similar to the expected term of the awards.

Expected Volatility

The Company uses an average volatility for comparable publicly-traded biopharmaceutical companies over a period equal to the expected term of the stock award grant as the Company does not yet have sufficient historical trading history for its own stock. The Company will continue to apply this method until a sufficient amount of historical information over a period equal to the expected term of the stock-based awards becomes available.

Expected Term

The Company used the simplified method to calculate the expected term for all grants during all periods, which is based on the midpoint between the vesting date and the end of the contractual term.

Expected Dividend Yield

The Company has never paid and has no present intention to pay cash dividends.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined on the basis of the differences between the financial statements and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

The Company recognizes net deferred tax assets to the extent that the Company believes these assets are more likely than not to be realized. In making such a determination, management considers all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies, and results of recent operations. If management determines that the Company would be able to realize its deferred tax assets in the future in excess of their net recorded amount, management would make an adjustment to the deferred tax asset valuation allowance, which would reduce the provision for income taxes.

The Company records uncertain tax positions on the basis of a two-step process whereby (1) management determines whether it is more likely than not that the tax positions will be sustained on the basis of the technical merits of the position and (2) for those tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, management recognizes the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50% likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with the related tax authority. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits within income tax expense. Any accrued interest and penalties are included within the related tax liability.

Comprehensive (Loss) Income

Comprehensive (loss) income is defined as a change in equity during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources which are excluded from net loss. The Company’s only element of other comprehensive (loss) income is unrealized gains and losses on marketable securities and short-term investments.

Related Party Transactions

The Company’s board of directors reviews and approves transactions with directors, officers and holders of 5% or more of its voting securities and their affiliates, each a related party. The material facts as to the related party’s relationship or interest in the transaction are disclosed to its board of directors prior to their consideration of such transaction, and the transaction is not considered approved by its board of directors unless a majority of the directors who are not interested in the transaction approve the transaction.

Beginning in November 2020, Private CalciMedica has paid consulting fees monthly to a consulting firm affiliated with the Company’s former interim chief financial officer in connection with its consulting agreement. In November 2024, the interim chief financial officer was replaced with a chief financial officer. The Company recorded expense of $100,000 during the three months ended March 31, 2024 in general and administrative expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

In May 2024, the Company granted a warrant to purchase 10,000 shares of common stock to a consulting firm affiliated with the Company’s former interim chief financial officer. The warrant is classified as equity, and the Company recorded expense of $5,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 in general and administrative expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Net (Loss) Income Per Share

Basic net (loss) income per share is computed using the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, including the Pre-Funded Warrants and Placement Agent Warrants (as defined in Note 6). The Company calculates diluted net loss per share using the more dilutive of the (i) treasury stock method, if-converted method, or contingently issuable share method, as applicable, or (ii) the two-class method. For warrants, the calculation of diluted net loss per share requires that, to the extent the average fair value of the underlying shares for the reporting period exceeds the exercise price of the warrants and the presumed exercise of such securities are dilutive to net loss per share for the period, adjustments to net loss used in the calculation are required to remove the change in fair value of the warrants for the period.

In the periods presented, the Company’s outstanding stock options and warrants, other than the Pre-Funded Warrants and Placement Agent Warrants, were excluded from the calculation of net (loss) income per share because the effect would be antidilutive. Accordingly, in periods in which the Company reports a net loss, diluted net loss per share is the same as basic net loss per share.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40) which requires public entities to disclose in the notes to financial statements, of additional specified information about certain costs and expenses. For public business entities, the guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact that this guidance will have on the condensed consolidated financial statements.