<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001104659-24-075194.txt : 20240626
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<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20240626163546
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001104659-24-075194
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		19
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20240624
ITEM INFORMATION:		Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement
ITEM INFORMATION:		Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
ITEM INFORMATION:		Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year
ITEM INFORMATION:		Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20240626
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20240626

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			ClearSign Technologies Corp
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001434524
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	INDUSTRIAL INSTRUMENTS FOR MEASUREMENT, DISPLAY, AND CONTROL [3823]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	08 Industrial Applications and Services
		IRS NUMBER:				000000000
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-35521
		FILM NUMBER:		241073873

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		8023 E. 63RD PLACE, SUITE 101
		CITY:			TULSA
		STATE:			OK
		ZIP:			74133
		BUSINESS PHONE:		(918) 236-6461

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		8023 E. 63RD PLACE, SUITE 101
		CITY:			TULSA
		STATE:			OK
		ZIP:			74133

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	CLEARSIGN COMBUSTION CORP
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20080507
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth
company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (&#167;230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934 (&#167;240.12b-2 of this chapter).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant
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to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. <span style="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><b>Item 1.01 Entry into a Material Definitive
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">As
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and clirSPV LLC (the &#8220;SPV&#8221;), as modified from time to time, the SPV has a right to purchase unregistered shares of the Company&#8217;s
common stock in a number that will allow it to maintain a 19.99% percentage ownership of the outstanding common stock of the Company,
par value $0.0001 per share (the &#8220;common stock&#8221;), following an offering of the Company&#8217;s securities, subject to certain
exceptions, on terms and conditions no different from those offered to other purchasers (the &#8220;Participation Right&#8221;).</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">On
June 24, 2024, following the SPV&#8217;s notice to exercise its Participation Right, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement
(the &#8220;Securities Purchase Agreement&#8221;) with the SPV whereby the Company issued an aggregate of (i)&#160;3,907,000 shares of
common stock, (ii) pre-funded warrants (the &#8220;Pre-Funded Warrants&#8221;) to purchase up to 786,000 shares of common stock, and (iii)&#160;redeemable
warrants (the &#8220;Private Warrants,&#8221; together with the Pre-Funded Warrants, the &#8220;Warrants&#8221;) to purchase up to 7,039,500
shares of common stock.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><span style="background-color: white">Subsequently,
on June 26, 2024, the Company and the SPV entered into an Amendment to the Securities Purchase Agreement (the &#8220;Amendment&#8221;)
to provide for a revised allocation of the SPV&#8217;s subscription between shares of common stock and Pre-Funded Warrants in lieu thereof.
Pursuant to the Amendment, the SPV has subscribed for: (i) 3,350,000 shares of Common Stock (the &#8220;Shares&#8221;), (ii) Pre-Funded
Warrants to purchase up to 1,343,000 shares of common stock (the &#8220;Pre-Funded Warrant Shares&#8221;) and (iii) Private Warrants to
purchase up to 7,039,500 shares of Common Stock </span>(&#8220;Private Warrant Shares,&#8221; together with the Pre-Funded Warrant Shares,
the &#8220;Warrant Shares&#8221;), for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $4.3 million<span style="background-color: white">.&#160;Except
as otherwise expressly provided for in the Amendment, the Securities Purchase Agreement remains in full force and effect.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">The
Private Warrants will be exercisable at an exercise price of $1.05 per share, will be exercisable 6 months after issuance and will expire
5 years from the date of issuance. <span style="background-color: white">Additionally, the Company may redeem the Private Warrants once
they become exercisable upon 30 days&#8217; advance notice if the closing price of the common stock reported equals to or exceeds $2.275
for any 20 business days within a 30 consecutive business-day period</span>, provided that they may only be redeemed if there is an effective
registration statement covering the resale of the Private Warrant Shares. <span style="background-color: white">The Pre-Funded Warrants
are each exercisable for one share of common stock at an exercise price of $0.0001 per share and will expire when exercised in full. The
Company is prohibited from effecting an exercise of any Pre-Funded Warrants to the extent that such exercise would result in the number
of shares of common stock beneficially owned by the holder and its affiliates exceeding 4.99% (or 9.99%, or 19.99%, as applicable, at
election of the holder) of the total number of shares of common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the exercise, which
percentage may be increased or decreased at the holder&#8217;s election not to exceed 19.99%.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">In
accordance with the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Company has agreed to file a registration statement covering the resale of the
Shares and the Warrant Shares within 30 days of the date of the Securities Purchase Agreement, subject to the terms and conditions of
the Securities Purchase Agreement.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">The
Securities Purchase Agreement contains customary representations, warranties&#160;and agreements of the Company and the SPV and customary
indemnification rights and obligations of the parties. The representations, warranties and covenants contained in the Securities Purchase
Agreement were made only for purposes of such agreement and as of specific dates, were solely for the benefit of the parties to such agreement,
and may be subject to limitations agreed upon by the contracting parties.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">The
foregoing description of the Securities Purchase Agreement, Amendment, Pre-Funded Warrants and Private Warrants is not complete and is
qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of such documents, which are filed herewith as Exhibits 10.1 and 10.2, respectively,
which is incorporated by reference herein, and incorporated by reference from Exhibits 4.1 and 4.2, respectively, from the Current Report
Form 8-K <span style="background-color: white">&#160;filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#8220;SEC&#8221;) on
April 23, 2024 and April 19, 2024, respectively</span>.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><b></b></p>

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    <div style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div>
    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><b>Item 3.02 Unregistered
Sales of Equity Securities.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">The
information contained above in Item 1.01 is hereby incorporated by reference into this Item 3.02. The offer and sale of the Shares, Warrants
and Warrant Shares have not been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#8220;Securities Act&#8221;) and were instead
offered pursuant to the exemption provided in Section&#160;4(a)(2)&#160;under the Securities Act and Rule&#160;506(b)&#160;promulgated
thereunder.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><b>Item 5.03. Amendments
to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white; text-indent: 0.5in">On
June 25, 2024, the Company held its annual meeting of stokcholders (the &#8220;Annual Meeting&#8221;). As further described below under
Item 5.07 to this Current Report on Form 8-K, at the Annual Meeting, the Company&#8217;s stockholders approved an amendment to the Company&#8217;s
certificate of Incorporation (the &#8220;Certificate of Incorporation&#8221;) to increase the number of authorized shares of common stock
to 87,500,000 (the &#8220;Charter Amendment&#8221;), which had been previously approved by the Company&#8217;s board of directors (the
&#8220;Board&#8221;), subject to approval by the Company&#8217;s stockholders.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white; text-indent: 0.5in">Accordingly, on June 25,
2024, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware to effectuate the Chater Amendment,
and the Certificate of Amendment became effective upon filing.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white; text-indent: 0.5in">The
foregoing description of the Charter Amendment does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full
text of the Charter Amendment, a copy of which is filed as Exhibit 3.1 to this Current Report on from 8-K and incorporated herein by reference.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><b>Item 5.07 Submission of Matters to a Vote
of Security Holders.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">At
the beginning of the Annual Meeting, there were 29,868,242 shares of common stock present or represented by proxy at the Annual Meeting,
which represented approximately 65.05% of the voting power of the shares of the Company&#8217;s outstanding shares of voting stock entitled
to vote at the Annual Meeting, and which constituted a quorum for the transaction of business. Holders of common stock were entitled to
one vote for each share held as of the close of business on April 29, 2024. Summarized below are the final voting results for each proposal
submitted to a vote of the stockholders at the Annual Meeting. The six (6) proposals below are each described in more detail in the proxy
statement filed with the SEC on May 10, 2024, as supplemented on June 10, 2024 and June 20, 2024.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span style="text-decoration: underline">Proposal 1</span>. <span style="background-color: white">Election
of Directors.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; background-color: white; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; width: 45%; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Nominee Name</b></span></td>
    <td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; width: 16%; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>For</b></span></td>
    <td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; width: 16%; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Withheld</b></span></td>
    <td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; width: 16%; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Broker Non-<br/>
Votes</b></span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Colin James Deller</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">11,028,490</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">9,681,438</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">9,158,314</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Catharine M. de Lacy</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10,245,020</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10,464,908</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">9,158,314</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">David M. Maley</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10,270,226</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10,439,702</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">9,158,314</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Judith S. Schrecker</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10,988,024</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">9,721,904</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">9,158,314</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><span style="background-color: white">Each
of the four nominees standing for re-election as a director was elected to serve on the Board until the election and qualification of
his or her successor or until his or her earlier death, resignation, or removal.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span style="text-decoration: underline">Proposal 2</span>. Ratification
of BPM CPA LLP as the Company&#8217;s independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2024.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; background-color: white; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 34%; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>For</b></span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 25%; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Against</b></span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 39%; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Abstentions</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">25,601,920</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">319,343</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">3,946,979</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"></p>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 3 -->
    <div style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div>
    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">There were no broker non-votes
on this proposal.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">The
stockholders ratified the appointment of BPM CPA LLP as the Company&#8217;s independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal
year ending December 31, 2024.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span style="text-decoration: underline">Proposal 3</span>. Approval
of an amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares of common stock to 87,500,000.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; background-color: white; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 34%; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>For</b></span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 25%; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Against</b></span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 39%; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Abstentions</b></span></td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">17,640,304</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">12,034,240</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">193,698</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white; text-indent: 0.5in">The
stockholders approved the Company&#8217;s amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares of
common stock to 87,500,000.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span style="text-decoration: underline">Proposal 4</span>. Advisory
vote of the Company&#8217;s compensation paid to named executive officers.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; background-color: white; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 21%; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>For</b></span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 15%; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Against</b></span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 23%; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Abstentions</b></span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 38%; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Broker Non-Votes</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10,788,911</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">9,880,247</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">40,770</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">9,158,314</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="background-color: white">The
stockholders approved, on an advisory basis, the compensation paid to the Company&#8217;s named executive officers.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span style="text-decoration: underline">Proposal 5</span>. <span style="background-color: white">Advisory
vote on the frequency of future stockholder non-binding votes on compensation of the Company&#8217;s named executive officers.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; background-color: white; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; width: 18%; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>One Year</b></span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; width: 20%; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Two Years</b></span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; width: 20%; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Three Years</b></span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; width: 20%; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Abstentions</b></span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: top; width: 18%; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Broker Non-Votes</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">13,704,558</span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">2,926,455</span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">4,010,652</span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">68,263</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">9,158,314</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">The
Company&#8217;s stockholders, on an advisory basis, voted in favor of a one-year frequency of future advisory votes to approve the compensation
of the Company&#8217;s named executive officers.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><span style="text-decoration: underline">Proposal 6</span>. Authorization to adjourn
the Annual Meeting.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; background-color: white; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 34%; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>For</b></span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 25%; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Against</b></span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 39%; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Abstentions</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">18,601,750</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10,614,090</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">652,402</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">There were no broker non-votes
on this proposal.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">The
stockholders approved the authorization to adjourn the Annual Meeting.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; background-color: white"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0"/><td style="width: 1in"><b>Item 9.01</b></td><td><b>Financial Statements and Exhibits.</b></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><b>(d)&#160;Exhibits.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; background-color: white; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 10%"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Exhibit&#160;No.</b></span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; width: 89%"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Description</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td><a href="tm2418248d1_ex3-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit"><span style="font-size: 10pt">3.1*</span></a></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><a href="tm2418248d1_ex3-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Certificate of Amendment, as filed with the Secretary of the State of Delaware on June 26, 2024.</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1434524/000110465924050306/tm2412465d1_ex4-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit"><span style="font-size: 10pt">4.1</span></a></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1434524/000110465924050306/tm2412465d1_ex4-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Form of Pre-Funded Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Company&#8217;s Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 23, 2024).</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1434524/000110465924049160/tm2412212d1_ex4-3.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit"><span style="font-size: 10pt">4.2</span></a></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1434524/000110465924049160/tm2412212d1_ex4-3.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Form of Private Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 of the Company&#8217;s Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 19, 2024).</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td><a href="tm2418248d1_ex10-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.1*</span></a></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><a href="tm2418248d1_ex10-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Securities Purchase Agreement, dated June 24, 2024, </span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td><a href="tm2418248d1_ex10-2.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.2*</span></a></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><a href="tm2418248d1_ex10-2.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Amendment to Securities Purchase Agreement, dated June 26, 2024.</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">104*</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">Cover Page&#160;Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document).</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">* Filed herewith.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><b>SIGNATURE</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Current Report to be signed on its behalf
by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">Dated: June 26, 2024</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; background-color: white; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>CLEARSIGN TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 50%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 5%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 45%">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">By:</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><span style="font-size: 10pt">/s/ Colin James Deller</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">Name:</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">Colin James Deller</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">Title:</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">Chief Executive Officer</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

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<TYPE>EX-3.1
<SEQUENCE>2
<FILENAME>tm2418248d1_ex3-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 3.1
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
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<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="text-align: right; margin: 0"><B>Exhibit 3.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: bold 24pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><U>Delaware</U></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">Page 1</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; width: 33%"><B>&nbsp;</B></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">The First State</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 31.5pt"><B><I>I, JEFFREY W. BULLOCK, SECRETARY
OF STATE OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE, DO HEREBY CERTIFY THE ATTACHED IS A TRUE AND CORRECT COPY OF THE CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT OF &ldquo;CLEARSIGN
TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION&rdquo;, FILED IN THIS OFFICE ON THE TWENTY-FIFTH DAY OF JUNE, A.D. 2024, AT 4:30 O`CLOCK P.M.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 5pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; width: 33%; vertical-align: bottom">7513798 8100<BR>
SR# 20242980975</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; width: 34%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><IMG SRC="tm2418248d1_ex3-1img002.jpg" ALT="" STYLE="height: 112px; width: 113px"></FONT>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; width: 33%; vertical-align: bottom"><IMG SRC="tm2418248d1_ex3-1img001.jpg" ALT="Text Box:  &#13;&#10;&#13;&#10;" STYLE="width: 233px; height: 100px"><BR>
<BR>
<BR>
Authentication: 203793799<BR>
Date: 06-25-24</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">You may verify this certificate online at corp.delaware.gov/authver.shtml</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 1; Options: NewSection -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; color: #262626">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; color: #262626">CERTIFICATE
OF AMENDMENT OF CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION OF CLEARSIGN TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0.5in; color: #262626">ClearSign Technologies Corporation
(the &ldquo;<U>Corporation</U>&rdquo;<U>)</U>, a corporation organized and existing under the General Corporation Law of the State of
Delaware (&ldquo;<U>DGCL</U>&rdquo;), hereby certifies as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #262626; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">1.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">This
Certificate of Amendment (the &ldquo;<U>Certificate of Amendment</U>&rdquo;) amends the provisions of the Corporation's Certificate
of Incorporation filed with the Secretary of State on June 14, 2023 (the &ldquo;<U>Certificate of lncorporation</U>&rdquo;).</TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #262626; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="color: #262626">2.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-right: 6.65pt"><FONT STYLE="color: #262626">The Corporation&rsquo;s Board adopted resolutions setting
forth this amendment to the Corporation&rsquo;s Certificate of Incorporation declaring said amendment to be advisable and soliciting the approval
of the Corporation&rsquo;s stockholders. Thereafter, the necessary number of shares as required by statute app</FONT><FONT STYLE="color: #3F3D44">r</FONT><FONT STYLE="color: #262626">oved
this amendment at a properly noticed and duly convened meeting of the Corporation&rsquo;s stockholders.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #262626; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left">3.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Article IV of the Certificate of Incorporation is hereby
amended and restated in its entirety as follows:</TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 31.75pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.15pt">&ldquo;<FONT STYLE="color: #262626">The
total number of shares of capital stock that the Corporation shall have authority to issue is up to 89,500,000 shares, consisting of:
(i) 87,500,000 shares of common stock, having a par value of $0</FONT><FONT STYLE="color: #5B595B">.</FONT><FONT STYLE="color: #262626">0001
per share (the &ldquo;<U>Common Stock</U>&rdquo;); and (ii) 2,000,000 shares of preferred stock, having a par value of $0.0001 per share
(the &ldquo;<U>Preferred Stock</U>&rdquo;).&rdquo;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #262626; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">4.</TD><TD>This amendment was duly adopted in accordance with the provisions of Section 242 of the DGCL.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #262626; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">5.</TD><TD>All other provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation shall remain in full force and effect.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in; color: #262626"><FONT STYLE="color: #262626">IN
WITNESS WHEREOF, the Corporation has caused this Certificate of Amendment to b</FONT><FONT STYLE="color: #3F3D44">e </FONT><FONT STYLE="color: #262626">signed
by Colin James Deller, its Chief Executive Officer, on this 25th day of June 2024.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%; color: #262626"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">CLEARSIGN TECHNOLOGIES<BR>
    CORPORATION</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #262626"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; color: #262626"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">/s/
    Colin James Delier</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #262626"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">By: Colin James Delier</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #262626"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Title: Chief Executive Officer</FONT></TD></TR>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><IMG SRC="tm2418248d1_ex3-1img003.jpg" ALT="">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-10.1
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>tm2418248d1_ex10-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 10.1
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="text-align: right; margin: 0"><B>Exhibit 10.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This Securities Purchase Agreement
(this &ldquo;<U>Agreement</U>&rdquo;) is dated as of June&nbsp;24, 2024, between ClearSign Technologies Corporation, a Delaware corporation
(the &ldquo;<U>Company</U>&rdquo;), and clirSPV LLC (&ldquo;<U>Purchaser</U>&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">WHEREAS, in connection with
a private placement of Common Stock (as defined below) pursuant to the clirSPV SPA (as defined below), the Company granted Purchaser a
right to purchase certain new equity securities that the Company sells for the purpose of raising capital on terms and conditions no different
from those offered to other purchasers so that it could maintain a 19.99% percentage ownership of the Company&rsquo;s outstanding Common
Stock (&ldquo;<U>Purchaser&rsquo;s Participation Right</U>&rdquo;), and the Company and Purchaser are entering into this Agreement in
connection with Purchaser&rsquo;s exercise of Purchaser&rsquo;s Participation Right; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">WHEREAS, subject to the terms
and conditions set forth in this Agreement and pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of Section&nbsp;5 of the Securities
Act (as defined below) contained in Section&nbsp;4(a)(2)&nbsp;thereof and/or Regulation D thereunder, the Company desires to issue and
sell to Purchaser, and Purchaser desires to purchase from the Company, securities of the Company as more fully described in this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">NOW, THEREFORE,&nbsp;in consideration
of the mutual covenants contained in this Agreement, and for other good and valuable consideration the receipt and adequacy of which are
hereby acknowledged, the Company and Purchaser agree as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE&nbsp;I<BR>
DEFINITIONS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">1.1&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Definitions</U>.
In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Agreement, for all purposes of this Agreement, the following terms have the meanings
set forth in this&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;1.1</U>:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Action</U>&rdquo;&nbsp;means
any action, suit, inquiry, notice of violation, proceeding or investigation pending or threatened before or by any court, arbitrator,
governmental or administrative agency or regulatory authority (federal, state, county, local or foreign).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Affiliate</U>&rdquo;&nbsp;means
any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with
a Person as such terms are used in and construed under Rule&nbsp;405 under the Securities Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Applicable Laws</U>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;3.1(ff)</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Auditor</U>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;3.1(d)</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Authorizations</U>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;3.1(n)</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Beneficial Ownership
Limitation</U>&rdquo; means 4.99% (or, at the election of Purchaser at Closing, 9.99% or 19.99%) of the number of shares of the Common
Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of the Securities on the Closing Date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Board of Directors</U>&rdquo;&nbsp;means
the board of directors of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Business Day</U>&rdquo;&nbsp;means
any day except any Saturday, any Sunday, any day which is a federal legal holiday in the United States or any day on which banking institutions
in the State of New York are authorized or required by law or other governmental action to close.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Bylaws</U>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;3.1(k)</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Charter</U>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;3.1(k)</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>clirSPV Shares</U>&rdquo;
means securities issued pursuant to clirSPV LLC&rsquo;s participation right granted in connection with the clirSPV SPA.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>clirSPV SPA</U>&rdquo;
means that certain Stock Purchase Agreement dated July&nbsp;12, 2018, between the Company and clirSVP LLC.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Closing</U>&rdquo;&nbsp;means
the closing of the purchase and sale of the Units pursuant to&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;2.1</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Closing Date</U>&rdquo;&nbsp;means
the Trading Day on which all of the Subscription Documents have been executed and delivered by the applicable parties thereto, and all
conditions precedent to (i)&nbsp;Purchaser&rsquo;s obligations to pay the Subscription Amount and (ii)&nbsp;the Company&rsquo;s obligations
to deliver the Shares, the Pre-funded Warrants and the Warrants, in each case, have been satisfied or waived, but in no event later than
the third Trading Day following the date hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Commission</U>&rdquo;&nbsp;means
the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Common Stock</U>&rdquo;&nbsp;means
the common stock of the Company, par value $0.0001 per share, and any other class of securities into which such securities may hereafter
be reclassified or changed.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Common Unit</U>&rdquo;
means each unit consisting of (a)&nbsp;two Shares and (b)&nbsp;three Common Warrants, each to purchase one Warrant Share.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Common Unit Subscription
Amount</U>&rdquo;&nbsp;means the aggregate amount to be paid for Common Units purchased hereunder as specified below Purchaser&rsquo;s
name on the signature page&nbsp;of this Agreement and next to the heading &ldquo;Common Unit Subscription Amount,&rdquo; in United States
dollars and in immediately available funds.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Common Warrants</U>&rdquo;
means the redeemable common warrants to purchase Common Stock issued to Purchaser pursuant to this Agreement, which Common Warrants shall
be exercisable commencing the date that is six months after the date of issuance and have a term of exercise equal to five years, in the
form of&nbsp;<U>Exhibit&nbsp;B</U>&nbsp;attached hereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Common Warrant Shares</U>&rdquo;
means the shares of Common Stock issued and issuable upon exercise of the Common Warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Disqualification
Events</U>&rdquo; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;3.1(qq)</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Effectiveness Period</U>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;5.1(b)</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Environmental Laws</U>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;3.1(dd)</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Event Date</U>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such terms in&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;5.1(c)</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Exchange Act</U>&rdquo;&nbsp;means
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules&nbsp;and regulations promulgated thereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Federal Reserve
Board</U>&rdquo; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;3.1(hh)</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>FINRA</U>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;3.1(o)</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>GAAP</U>&rdquo;&nbsp;shall
have the meaning ascribed to such term in&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;3.1(e)</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Governmental Entity</U>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;3.1(k)</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Initial Filing Date</U>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;5.1(a)</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Intellectual Property
Rights</U>&rdquo; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;3.1(cc)</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Investor Questionnaire</U>&rdquo;&nbsp;means
the investor questionnaire attached hereto as&nbsp;<U>Exhibit&nbsp;A</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Material Adverse
Change</U>&rdquo; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;3.1(b)</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Nasdaq</U>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;3.1(a)</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Per Common Unit
Purchase Price</U>&rdquo;&nbsp;equals $1.85, subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations
and other similar transactions of the Common Stock that occur after the date of this Agreement but before the Closing Date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Per Pre-funded Unit
Purchase Price</U>&rdquo; equals $1.8498, subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations
and other similar transactions of the Common Stock that occur after the date of this Agreement but before the Closing Date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Person</U>&rdquo;&nbsp;means
an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company,
joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Pre-funded Unit</U>&rdquo;
means each unit consisting of (a)&nbsp;one Pre-funded Warrant to purchase two Pre-funded Warrant Shares and (b)&nbsp;three Warrants, each
Warrant to purchase one Common Warrant Share.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Pre-funded Unit
Subscription Amount</U>&rdquo; means the aggregate amount to be paid for Pre-funded Units purchased hereunder as specified below Purchaser&rsquo;s
name on the signature page&nbsp;of this Agreement and next to the heading &ldquo;Pre-funded Unit Subscription Amount,&rdquo; in United
States dollars and in immediately available funds.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Pre-funded Warrants</U>&rdquo;
means the pre-funded warrants to purchase Common Stock issued to Purchaser of Pre-funded Units pursuant to this Agreement, which Pre-funded
Warrants shall be exercisable immediately and shall expire when exercised in full, in the form of&nbsp;<U>Exhibit&nbsp;C</U>&nbsp;attached
hereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Pre-funded Warrant
Shares</U>&rdquo; means the shares of Common Stock issued and issuable upon exercise of the Pre-funded Warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Proceeding</U>&rdquo;&nbsp;means
an action, claim, suit, investigation or proceeding (including, without limitation, an informal investigation or partial proceeding, such
as a deposition), whether commenced or threatened.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Registrable Securities</U>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;5.1(a)</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Registration Statement</U>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;5.1(a)</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Rule&nbsp;144</U>&rdquo;&nbsp;means
Rule&nbsp;144 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule&nbsp;may be amended or interpreted from time
to time, or any similar rule&nbsp;or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same purpose and effect as
such Rule.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Rule&nbsp;424</U>&rdquo;&nbsp;means
Rule&nbsp;424 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule&nbsp;may be amended or interpreted from time
to time, or any similar rule&nbsp;or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same purpose and effect as
such Rule.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Sarbanes-Oxley Act</U>&rdquo;&nbsp;shall
have the meaning ascribed to such term in&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;3.1(u)</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>SEC Reports</U>&rdquo;&nbsp;means
all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents required to be filed by the Company under the Securities Act and the Exchange
Act, including pursuant to Section&nbsp;13(a)&nbsp;or 15(d)&nbsp;thereof, including the exhibits thereto and documents incorporated by
reference therein, during the twelve months preceding the date hereof, or such shorter period as the Company was required by law or regulation
to file such material.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Securities</U>&rdquo;
means the Shares (or Pre-funded Warrants in lieu thereof) and the Warrants purchased pursuant to this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Securities Act</U>&rdquo;&nbsp;means
the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules&nbsp;and regulations promulgated thereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Selling Stockholder
Questionnaire</U>&rdquo; means the selling stockholder questionnaire attached hereto as&nbsp;<U>Exhibit&nbsp;D</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Shares</U>&rdquo;&nbsp;means
the shares of Common Stock issued to Purchaser of Common Units pursuant to this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Short Sales</U>&rdquo;&nbsp;means
all &ldquo;short sales&rdquo; as defined in Rule&nbsp;200 of Regulation SHO under the Exchange Act (but shall not be deemed to include
the location and/or reservation of borrowable shares of Common Stock).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Solicitor</U>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;3.1(qq)</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Subscription Amount</U>&rdquo;&nbsp;means
the Common Unit Subscription Amount and/or the Pre-funded Unit Subscription Amount, as applicable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Subscription Documents</U>&rdquo;&nbsp;means
this Agreement, any other documents or agreements executed in connection with the transactions contemplated hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Subsidiary</U>&rdquo;&nbsp;shall
have the meaning ascribed to such term in&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;3.1(v)</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Trading Day</U>&rdquo;&nbsp;means
a day on which the principal Trading Market is open for trading.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Trading Market</U>&rdquo;&nbsp;means
any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted for trading on the date in question: the NYSE
American, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market, the New York Stock Exchange, OTCQB or
OTCQX (or any successors to any of the foregoing).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Transfer Agent</U>&rdquo;&nbsp;means
VStock Transfer, LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, and any successor transfer agent of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Units</U>&rdquo;
means, collectively, the Common Units and the Pre-funded Units.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Warrants</U>&rdquo;
means, collectively, the Common Warrants and the Pre-funded Warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Warrant Shares</U>&rdquo;
means, collectively, the Common Warrant Shares and the Pre-funded Warrant Shares.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE&nbsp;II<BR>
PURCHASE AND SALE</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">2.1&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Closing</U>.
On the Closing Date, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, substantially concurrent with the execution and delivery
of this Agreement by the parties hereto, the Company agrees to sell, and Purchaser agrees to purchase, up to an aggregate of $4,341,025
of Common Units;&nbsp;<I>provided</I>,&nbsp;<I>however</I>, that, to the extent Purchaser determines, in its sole discretion, that Purchaser
(together with Purchaser&rsquo;s Affiliates, and any Person acting as a group together with Purchaser or any of Purchaser&rsquo;s Affiliates)
would beneficially own in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, or as Purchaser may otherwise choose, in lieu of purchasing Common
Units, Purchaser may elect to purchase Pre-funded Units;&nbsp;<I>provided</I>,&nbsp;<I>further</I>, that the number of Shares and Pre-funded
Warrants sold pursuant to this Agreement shall not exceed 19.9% of the Company&rsquo;s issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock (including
all Pre-funded Warrant Shares issued or issuable by the Company to the Purchaser) at the time of Closing. On or prior to the Closing Date,
Purchaser shall deliver to the Company (unless the Company and Purchaser agree to wire transfer to a separate account specified in writing
by the parties), via wire transfer, immediately available funds equal to Purchaser&rsquo;s Subscription Amount, which funds shall be held
at such account in escrow pending Closing. When the Subscription Amount has been received by the Company, the Company shall deliver to
Purchaser its Shares, Common Warrants and Pre-funded Warrants, as applicable, as determined pursuant to&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;2.2(a)</U>,
and the Company and Purchaser shall deliver the other items set forth in&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;2.2</U>. Upon satisfaction of the covenants
and conditions set forth in&nbsp;<U>Sections 2.2</U>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<U>2.3</U>, the Closing shall occur remotely via the electronic exchange
of documents.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">2.2&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Deliveries</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;On
or prior to the Closing Date, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to Purchaser the following:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.25in">(i)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;this
Agreement duly executed by the Company;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.25in">(ii)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
Company&rsquo;s wire instructions, on Company letterhead and executed by the Chief Executive Officer or Chief Financial Officer;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.25in">(iii)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;if
applicable, a copy of the irrevocable instructions to the Transfer Agent instructing the Transfer Agent to issue in book entry form the
Shares being purchased hereunder, registered in the name of Purchaser;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.25in">(iv)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;if
applicable, a Pre-funded Warrant registered in the name of Purchaser to purchase up to the number of shares of Common Stock to be purchased
hereunder, with an exercise price per share equal to $0.0001, subject to adjustment as set forth therein, a PDF copy of which shall be
provided to Purchaser on the Closing Date, with the original Pre-funded Warrant to be delivered to Purchaser within five (5)&nbsp;Business
Days of Closing;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.25in">(v)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Common
Warrants registered in the name of Purchaser to purchase up to the number of shares of Common Stock equal to 150% of Purchaser&rsquo;s
Shares and/or 150% of Purchaser&rsquo;s Pre-funded Warrant Shares, as applicable, with an exercise price equal to $1.05 per Common Warrant
subject to adjustment as set forth therein, a PDF copy of which shall be provided to Purchaser on the Closing Date, with the original
Common Warrant to be delivered to Purchaser within five (5)&nbsp;Business Days of Closing;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.25in">(vi)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;a
certificate of the Company&rsquo;s Chief Executive Officer and its Chief Financial Officer, in form and substance satisfactory to Purchaser;
and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.25in">(vii)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;a
certificate of the Company, signed by the Company&rsquo;s Secretary, in form and substance satisfactory to Purchaser.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;On
or prior to the Closing Date, Purchaser shall deliver or cause to be delivered the following:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.25in">(i)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;to
the Company, a completed Investor Questionnaire;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 168px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ii)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">to the Company, a completed Selling Stockholder Questionnaire;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.25in">(iii)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;to
the Company, this Agreement duly executed by Purchaser; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.25in">(iv)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Purchaser&rsquo;s
Subscription Amount, which shall be paid by wire transfer of immediately available funds, payable to the account specified in writing
by the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">2.3&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Closing
Conditions</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
obligations of the Company hereunder in connection with the Closing are subject to the following conditions being met:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.25in">(i)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
accuracy in all material respects (or, to the extent representations or warranties are qualified by materiality or Material Adverse Change,
in all respects) when made and on the Closing Date of the representations and warranties of Purchaser contained herein (unless as of a
specific date therein in which case they shall be accurate in all material respects (or, to the extent representations or warranties are
qualified by materiality or Material Adverse Change, in all respects) as of such date);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.25in">(ii)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;all
obligations, covenants and agreements of Purchaser required to be performed at or prior to the Closing Date shall have been performed;
and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.25in">(iii)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
delivery by Purchaser of the items set forth in&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;2.2(b)</U>&nbsp;of this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
obligations of Purchaser hereunder in connection with the Closing are subject to the following conditions being met:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.25in">(i)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
accuracy in all material respects (or, to the extent representations or warranties are qualified by materiality or Material Adverse Change,
in all respects) when made and on the Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Company contained herein (unless as of
a specific date therein in which case they shall be accurate in all material respects (or, to the extent representations or warranties
are qualified by materiality or Material Adverse Change, in all respects) as of such date);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.25in">(ii)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;all
obligations, covenants and agreements of the Company required to be performed at or prior to the Closing Date shall have been performed;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.25in">(iii)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
delivery by the Company of the items set forth in&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;2.2(a)</U>&nbsp;of this Agreement;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.25in">(iv)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;there
shall have been no Material Adverse Change with respect to the Company since the date hereof; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.25in">(v)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;from
the date hereof to the Closing Date, trading in the Common Stock shall not have been suspended by the Commission or the Company&rsquo;s
principal Trading Market, and, at any time prior to the Closing Date, trading in securities generally as reported by Bloomberg L.P. shall
not have been suspended or limited, or minimum prices shall not have been established on securities whose trades are reported by such
service, or on any Trading Market, nor shall a banking moratorium have been declared either by the United States or New York State authorities
nor shall there have occurred any material outbreak or escalation of hostilities or other national or international calamity of such magnitude
in its effect on, or any material adverse change in, any financial market which, in each case, in the reasonable judgment of Purchaser,
makes it impracticable or inadvisable to purchase the Units at the Closing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE&nbsp;III<BR>
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">3.1&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Representations
and Warranties of the Company</U>. The Company hereby makes the following representations and warranties to Purchaser:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Stock
Exchange Listing</U>. The Common Stock is listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market (the &ldquo;<U>Nasdaq</U>&rdquo;), and the Company has taken
no action designed to, or likely to have the effect of, delisting the Common Stock from the Nasdaq, nor has the Company received any notification
that the Nasdaq is contemplating terminating such listing, except as described in the SEC Reports.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>No
Material Adverse Change</U>. Since the date of the latest audited financial statements included within the SEC Reports, except as otherwise
specifically stated therein or a subsequent SEC Report filed prior to the date hereof: (i)&nbsp;there has been no material adverse change
in the financial position or results of operations of the Company, nor any change or development that, singularly or in the aggregate,
that has had or that would reasonable be expected to result in a material adverse in the condition (financial or otherwise), results of
operations, business, assets, properties or prospects of the Company (a &ldquo;<U>Material Adverse Change</U>&rdquo;); (ii)&nbsp;there
have been no material transactions entered into by the Company, other than as contemplated pursuant to this Agreement, other than transactions
that are not required to be reflected in the Company&rsquo;s financial statements pursuant to GAAP or disclosed in the SEC Reports; and
(iii)&nbsp;no officer or director of the Company has resigned from any position with the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Disclosures
in Commission Filings</U>. The Company has made all filings with the Commission required under the Exchange Act for the twelve months
preceding the date hereof (or such shorter period as the Company was required by law or regulation to file such material) on a timely
basis or has received a valid extension of such time of filing and has filed any such filings prior to the expiration of any such extension.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(d)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Independent
Accountants</U>. To the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, BPM CPA LLP (the &ldquo;<U>Auditor</U>&rdquo;), whose report is filed with the Commission
as part of the SEC Reports, is an independent registered public accounting firm as required by the Securities Act and the Public Company
Accounting Oversight Board. The Auditor has not, during the periods covered by the financial statements included in the SEC Reports, provided
to the Company any prohibited non-audit services, as such term is used in Section&nbsp;10A(g)&nbsp;of the Exchange Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(e)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Financial
Statements,&nbsp;etc</U>. The financial statements, including the notes thereto and supporting schedules, included in the SEC Reports,
fairly present, in all material respects, the financial position and the results of operations of the Company at the dates and for the
periods to which they apply; and such financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles
(&ldquo;<U>GAAP</U>&rdquo;), consistently applied throughout the periods involved (provided that unaudited interim financial statements
are subject to year-end audit adjustments that are not expected to be material in the aggregate and do not contain all footnotes required
by GAAP); and the supporting schedules, if any, included in the SEC Reports present fairly, in all material respects, the information
required to be stated therein. Except as disclosed in the SEC Reports, (a)&nbsp;the Company has not incurred any material liabilities
or obligations, direct or contingent, or entered into any material transactions other than in the ordinary course of business, other than
liabilities, obligations and transactions that are not required to be reflected in the Company&rsquo;s financial statements pursuant to
GAAP or disclosed in the SEC Reports, (b)&nbsp;the Company has not declared or paid any dividends or made any distribution of any kind
with respect to its capital stock, (c)&nbsp;there has not been any change in the capital stock of the Company, and (d)&nbsp;issued any
equity securities to any officer, director or Affiliate, except pursuant to existing equity compensation plan or other stock plans.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(f)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Authorized
Capital; Options,&nbsp;etc</U>. The Company had, at the date or dates indicated in the SEC Reports, the duly authorized, issued and outstanding
capitalization as set forth therein. Except as set forth in, or contemplated by the Subscription Documents or the SEC Reports, on the
Closing Date, there will be no stock options, warrants, or other rights to purchase or otherwise acquire any authorized, but unissued
shares of Common Stock or any security convertible or exercisable into shares of Common Stock, or any contracts or commitments to issue
or sell shares of Common Stock or any such options, warrants, rights or convertible securities, other than the participation rights granted
in connection with the clirSVP SPA.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(g)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Outstanding
Securities</U>. Except as disclosed in the SEC Reports, all issued and outstanding securities of the Company issued prior to the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement have been duly authorized and validly issued and are fully paid and non-assessable; the holders thereof
have no rights of rescission or the ability to force the Company to repurchase such securities with respect thereto, and are not subject
to personal liability by reason of being such holders; and none of such securities were issued in violation of the preemptive rights,
rights of first refusal or rights of participation of any holders of any security of the Company or similar contractual rights granted
by the Company. The authorized shares of Common Stock conform in all material respects to all statements relating thereto contained in
the Subscription Documents and the SEC Reports. The offers and sales of the outstanding shares of Common Stock, options, warrants and
other rights to purchase or exchange such securities for shares of Common Stock were at all relevant times either registered under the
Securities Act and the applicable state securities or &ldquo;blue sky&rdquo; laws or, based in part on the representations and warranties
of the purchasers of such securities, exempt from such registration requirements. The description of the Company&rsquo;s stock option,
stock bonus and other stock plans or arrangements, and the options or other rights granted thereunder, as described in the SEC Reports,
accurately and fairly present, in all material respects, the information required to be shown with respect to such plans, arrangements,
options and rights.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(h)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Securities
Sold Pursuant to this Agreement</U>. The Shares have been duly authorized for issuance and sale and, when issued and delivered by the
Company against payment therefor pursuant to this Agreement, will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable; the holders thereof
are not and will not be subject to personal liability by reason of being such holders; the Shares and the Warrants are not and will not
be subject to the preemptive rights of any holders of any security of the Company or similar contractual rights granted by the Company;
and all corporate action required to be taken for the authorization, issuance and sale of the Shares and the Warrants has been duly and
validly taken. The Shares and the Warrants conform in all material respects to all statements with respect thereto contained in the Subscription
Documents and SEC Reports, as applicable. All corporate action required to be taken for the authorization, issuance and sale of the Warrants
has been duly and validly taken; the Warrant Shares have been duly authorized and, as required by the terms of the Warrants, reserved
for issuance by all necessary corporate action on the part of the Company and when paid for and issued upon exercise in accordance with
the Warrants, such shares of Common Stock will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable; the holders thereof are not and will
not be subject to personal liability by reason of being such holders; and such shares of Common Stock will not be subject to the preemptive
rights of any holders of any security of the Company or similar contractual rights granted by the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(i)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Registration
Rights of Third Parties</U>. Except as set forth in the SEC Reports, the rights applicable to the clirSPV Shares, the rights of Public
Ventures, LLC, or&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;5.1</U>&nbsp;of this Agreement, no holders of any securities of the Company or any options, warrants,
rights or other securities exercisable for or convertible or exchangeable into securities of the Company have the right to require the
Company to register the sale or resale of any such securities of the Company under the Securities Act or to include any such securities
in any registration statement to be filed by the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(j)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Validity
and Binding Effect of Agreement</U>. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the Warrants have been duly and validly
authorized by the Company, and, when executed and delivered, will constitute valid and binding agreements of the Company, enforceable
against the Company in accordance with their respective terms, except: (i)&nbsp;as such enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency,
reorganization or similar laws affecting creditors&rsquo; rights generally; (ii)&nbsp;as enforceability of any indemnification or contribution
provision may be limited under the federal or state securities laws; and (iii)&nbsp;that the remedy of specific performance and injunctive
and other forms of equitable relief may be subject to the equitable defenses and to the discretion of the court before which any proceeding
therefor may be brought.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(k)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>No
Conflicts,&nbsp;etc</U>. The execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this Agreement and the Warrants and all ancillary documents,
the consummation by the Company of the transactions herein and therein contemplated and the compliance by the Company with the terms hereof
and thereof do not and will not, with or without the giving of notice or the lapse of time or both: (i)&nbsp;result in a material breach
of, or conflict with any of the terms and provisions of, or constitute a material default under, or result in the creation, modification,
termination or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance upon any property or assets of the Company or any Subsidiary pursuant to
the terms of any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement or any other agreement or instrument to which the Company or any Subsidiary
is a party or as to which any property of the Company or any Subsidiary is a party; (ii)&nbsp;result in any violation of the provisions
of the Company&rsquo;s certificate of incorporation (as the same may be amended or restated from time to time, the &ldquo;<U>Charter</U>&rdquo;)
or the Company&rsquo;s bylaws (as the same may be amended or restated from time to time, the &ldquo;<U>Bylaws</U>&rdquo;); or (iii)&nbsp;violate
any existing applicable law, rule, regulation, judgment, order or decree of any governmental or regulatory agency, body or court, domestic
or foreign, having jurisdiction over the Company or any of its assets or business (each, a &ldquo;<U>Governmental Entity</U>&rdquo;) as
of the date hereof, except for breaches, conflicts, defaults or violations etc. with respect to which consents or waivers have already
been obtained and are in full force and effect, and, in the case of clauses&nbsp;<U>(i)</U>&nbsp;or&nbsp;<U>(iii)</U>, as would not result
in a Material Adverse Change.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(l)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>No
Defaults; Violations</U>. No material default exists, and, to the knowledge of the Company, no event has occurred that, with the lapse
of time or the giving of notice, or both, would constitute a default, in the due performance and observance of any term, covenant or condition
of any material license, contract, indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, note, loan or credit agreement, or any other agreement or instrument
evidencing an obligation for borrowed money, or any other material agreement or instrument to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a
party or by which the Company or any Subsidiary is bound or to which any of the properties or assets of the Company or any Subsidiary
is subject, except as would not result in a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is (i)&nbsp;in violation of
any term or provision of its Charter or Bylaws, or (ii)&nbsp;in violation of any franchise, license, permit, applicable law, rule, regulation,
judgment or decree of any Governmental Entity, except in the case of clause&nbsp;(ii), such as would not result in a Material Adverse
Change.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(m)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Corporate
Power</U>. The Company has all requisite corporate power and authority, as of the date hereof and the Closing Date, to conduct its business
as described in the SEC Reports.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(n)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
Company (A)&nbsp;possesses the licenses, permits, certificates, authorizations, consents and approvals (collectively, &ldquo;<U>Authorizations</U>&rdquo;)
issued by the appropriate Governmental Entities necessary to conduct its business as currently conducted as described in the SEC Reports,
and (B)&nbsp;has obtained all necessary Authorizations from other persons necessary to conduct its business, except, in each case of&nbsp;<U>clauses
(A)</U>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<U>(B)</U>, (i)&nbsp;as described in the SEC Reports or (ii)&nbsp;to the extent that any failure to possess any
Authorizations, provide any notice, make any filing, or obtain any Authorizations would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably
be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change. Neither of the Company and the Subsidiary is in violation of, or in default under,
any Authorizations, except as would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change. All of the Authorizations are valid
and in full force and effect, except when the invalidity of such Authorizations or the failure of such Authorizations to be in full force
and effect would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change. The Company has
not received any written notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of any Authorization which, individually or
in the aggregate, if the subject of an unfavorable decision, ruling or finding, would result in a Material Adverse Change.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(o)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Transactions
Contemplated Herein</U>. The Company has all corporate power and authority to enter into this Agreement and the Warrants and to carry
out the provisions and conditions hereof, and all Authorizations required in connection therewith have been obtained, except for Authorizations
with respect to applicable federal and state securities laws and the rules&nbsp;and regulations of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority,&nbsp;Inc.
(&ldquo;<U>FINRA</U>&rdquo;) and Nasdaq. No authorization of, and no filing with, any Governmental Entity is required for the valid issuance,
sale and delivery of the Shares or the Warrants and the consummation of the transactions and agreements contemplated by this Agreement
and the Warrants and as contemplated by the Subscription Documents, except with respect to applicable federal and state securities laws
and the rules&nbsp;and regulations of FINRA and Nasdaq.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(p)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Litigation;
Governmental Proceedings</U>. Except as disclosed in the SEC reports, there is no judicial, regulatory, arbitral or other legal or governmental
proceeding or other litigation or arbitration, domestic or foreign, pending to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is a party
or of which any property, operations or assets of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is the subject. To the Company&rsquo;s knowledge,
no such proceeding, litigation or arbitration is threatened or contemplated.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(q)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Good
Standing</U>. Each of the Company and each Subsidiary has been duly organized and is validly existing as a corporation and is in good
standing under the laws of its jurisdiction of incorporation as of the date hereof, and is duly qualified to do business and is in good
standing in each other jurisdiction in which its ownership or lease of property or the conduct of business requires such qualification,
except where the failure to qualify, singularly or in the aggregate, would not have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material
Adverse Change.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(r)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Insurance</U>.
The Company and its Subsidiaries carry or are entitled to the benefits of insurance, with financially sound and reputable insurers, in
such amounts and covering such risks as is generally maintained by companies of established repute engaged in the same or similar business,
and all such insurance is in full force and effect. The Company does not have any reason to believe that it or any of its Subsidiaries
will not be able (A)&nbsp;to renew, if desired, its existing insurance coverage as and when such policies expire or (B)&nbsp;to obtain
comparable coverage from similar institutions as may be necessary or appropriate to conduct its business as now conducted and not at a
cost that is materially more significant. Since January&nbsp;1, 2022, The Company has not been denied any insurance coverage that it has
sought or for which it has applied.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(s)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Certain
Fees</U>. No brokerage or finder&rsquo;s fees or commissions are or will be payable by the Company or any Subsidiary to any broker, financial
advisor or consultant, finder, placement agent, investment banker, bank or other Person with respect to the transactions contemplated
by the Subscription Documents.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(t)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Forward-Looking
Statements</U>. No forward-looking statement (within the meaning of Section&nbsp;27A of the Securities Act and Section&nbsp;21E of the
Exchange Act) contained in the SEC Reports has been made or reaffirmed without a reasonable basis or has been disclosed other than in
good faith.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(u)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Officers&rsquo;
Certificate</U>. Any certificate pursuant to this Agreement signed by any duly authorized officer of the Company and delivered to Purchaser
shall be deemed a representation and warranty by the Company to Purchaser as to the matters covered thereby.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(v)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Subsidiaries</U>.
All of the outstanding shares of capital stock and/or equity interests of each Subsidiary have been duly authorized and validly issued,
are fully paid and non-assessable and, except to the extent set forth in the SEC Reports, are owned by the Company directly or indirectly
through one or more wholly-owned subsidiaries, free and clear of any claim, lien, encumbrance, security interest, restriction upon voting
or transfer or any other claim of any third party. Except as disclosed in the SEC Reports, no director, officer, or key employee of the
Company holds any direct equity, debt or other pecuniary interest in any Subsidiary or, to the best of the Company&rsquo;s knowledge,
any individual or entity with whom the Company or any Subsidiary does business or with which it is in privity of contract.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(w)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Board
of Directors</U>. The Board of Directors is comprised of the persons set forth in the SEC Reports. The qualifications of the persons serving
as board members and the overall composition of the Board of Directors comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the rules&nbsp;promulgated
thereunder applicable to the Company and the rules&nbsp;of the Trading Market. At least one member of the Board of Directors qualifies
as a &ldquo;financial expert&rdquo; as such term is defined under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the rules&nbsp;promulgated thereunder and
the rules&nbsp;of the Trading Market. In addition, except as disclosed in the SEC Reports, at least a majority of the persons serving
on the Board of Directors qualify as &ldquo;independent&rdquo; as defined under the rules&nbsp;of the Trading Market.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(x)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Disclosure
Controls</U>. Except as described in the SEC Reports, the Company has developed and currently maintains disclosure controls and procedures
that comply with Rule&nbsp;13a-15 or 15d-15 under the Exchange Act, and such controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information
required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized
and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission&rsquo;s rules&nbsp;and forms and includes, without limitation, controls
and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under
the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company&rsquo;s management, including its principal executive and principal financial
officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(y)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Compliance</U>.
The Company has taken all commercially reasonable actions to ensure that it is in compliance in all material respects with all provisions
of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and all rules&nbsp;and regulations promulgated thereunder or implementing the provisions thereof that are then
in effect and with which the Company is required to comply. The Company has not, directly or indirectly, including through any Subsidiary,
extended credit, arranged to extend credit, or renewed any extension of credit, in the form of a personal loan, to or for any executive
officer of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or to or for any family member or affiliate of any director or executive officer of
the Company or any of its Subsidiaries.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(z)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Accounting
Controls</U>. The Company maintains systems of &ldquo;internal control over financial reporting&rdquo; (as defined under Rules&nbsp;13a-15
and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act) that comply with the requirements of the Exchange Act and have been designed by, or under the supervision
of, its principal executive and principal financial officer, or persons performing similar functions, to provide reasonable assurance
regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with
generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that: (1)&nbsp;pertain to the maintenance of records
that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (2)&nbsp;provide
reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the issuer are being made only in accordance with authorizations
of management and directors of the Company; and (3)&nbsp;provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized
acquisition, use or disposition of the Company&rsquo;s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Except as
disclosed in the SEC Reports, the Company is not aware of any material weaknesses in its internal controls. The Company&rsquo;s auditors
and the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors have been advised of: (i)&nbsp;all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses
in the design or operation of internal controls over financial reporting which are known to the Company&rsquo;s management and that have
adversely affected or are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Company&rsquo;s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial
information; and (ii)&nbsp;any fraud known to the Company&rsquo;s management, whether or not material, that involves management or other
employees who have a significant role in the Company&rsquo;s internal controls over financial reporting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(aa)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>No
Investment Company Status</U>. The Company is not and, after giving effect to the transactions contemplated hereby, will not be, required
to register as an &ldquo;investment company,&rdquo; as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(bb)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>No
Labor Disputes</U>. No labor dispute with the employees of the Company or any Subsidiary exists or, to the knowledge of the Company or
the Subsidiary, is imminent. The Company is not aware that any key employee or significant group of employees of the Company or any Subsidiary
plans to terminate employment with the Company or any Subsidiary.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(cc)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Intellectual
Property Rights</U>. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries owns or possesses, and will continue to own or possess immediately following
the Closing in all material respects, legally enforceable rights to use all patents, patent rights, inventions, trademarks, trademark
applications, trade names, service marks, copyrights, copyright applications, licenses, software, know-how and other similar rights and
proprietary knowledge as presently conducted (collectively, &ldquo;<U>Intellectual Property Rights</U>&rdquo;) necessary for the conduct
of their respective businesses.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">There are no inventorship challenges,
opposition or nullity proceedings or interferences declared, commenced, provoked, or, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, threatened with
respect to any patents or patent applications owned or licensed by the Company (excluding for the avoidance of doubt, normal processing
of any patent or patent application before applicable patent authorities). To the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, no person or entity (including
any current or former employee or consultant of the Company) is infringing, violating or misappropriating any of the Intellectual Property
Rights owned or licensed by the Company. To the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, neither the conduct nor sales nor use of any products or services
offered by the Company infringes, violates, or constitutes a misappropriation of any Intellectual Property Rights of a third party.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Company and its Subsidiaries
have complied with their duty of candor and disclosure to the United States Patent and Trademark Office and any relevant foreign patent
office with respect to all Intellectual Property Right registrations filed by or on behalf of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries and
have made no material misrepresentation in such applications.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">All assignments of Intellectual
Property Rights owned by the Company and its Subsidiaries have been properly executed and recorded, except for such deficiencies as would
not materially affect the enforceability thereof. To the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, all Intellectual Property Rights owned and licensed
by the Company is valid and enforceable. All issuance, renewal, maintenance and other payments that are or have become due with respect
to Intellectual Property Rights owned by the Company and used by the Company in the conduct of its business as presently conducted have
been timely paid by or on behalf of the Company. Except as disclosed in the SEC Reports, there are no third party joint owners of any
Intellectual Property Rights owned by the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Company has not used open
source materials, in a manner that grants, to any third party, any rights or immunities under Intellectual Property Rights owned by the
Company (including using any open source materials that require, as a condition of exploitation of such open source materials, that other
software incorporated into, derived from or distributed with such open source materials be (i)&nbsp;disclosed or distributed in source
code form, (ii)&nbsp;licensed for the purpose of making derivative works, or (iii)&nbsp;redistribute at no charge or minimal charge).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Each employee of the Company
or any of its Subsidiaries who is engaged in the creation and development of inventions, discoveries or improvements to the Company&rsquo;s
product portfolio has executed a written agreement expressly assigning to the Company or its relevant Subsidiary all of such employee&rsquo;s
right, title and interest in any inventions, discoveries, or improvements, whether or not patentable, invented, created, developed, conceived
or reduced to practice during the term of such employee&rsquo;s employment and related to the work performed by such person for the Company
or its relevant Subsidiary, and all Intellectual Property Rights therein.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(dd)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Taxes</U>.
The Company and its Subsidiaries have filed all material federal, state, local and foreign tax returns which are required to be filed
through the date hereof, which returns are true and correct in all material respects, or has received timely extensions thereof, and has
paid all taxes shown on such returns and all assessments received by the Company to the extent that the same are material and have become
due. There are no material tax audits or investigations pending; nor are there any material proposed additional tax assessments against
either the Company or its Subsidiaries.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(ee)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Compliance
with Environmental Laws</U>. Except as disclosed in the SEC Reports: (i)&nbsp;the Company and each of its Subsidiaries is in compliance
in all material respects with all rules, laws and regulation relating to the use, treatment, storage and disposal of toxic substances
and protection of health or the environment (&ldquo;<U>Environmental Laws</U>&rdquo;) which are applicable to its business; (ii)&nbsp;neither
the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has received any notice from any governmental authority or third party of an asserted claim under
Environmental Laws; (iii)&nbsp;the Company and each of its Subsidiaries has received all permits, licenses or other approvals required
of it under applicable Environmental Laws to conduct its business and is in compliance in all material respects with all terms and conditions
of any such permit, license or approval; (iv)&nbsp;to the knowledge of the Company, no facts currently exist that will require either
Company or its Subsidiaries to make future material capital expenditures to comply with Environmental Laws; and (v)&nbsp;no property which
is or has been owned, leased or occupied by either of the Company or its Subsidiaries has been designated as a &ldquo;Superfund site&rdquo;
pursuant to the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation of Liability Act of 1980, as amended (42 U.S.C. Section&nbsp;9601,
et. seq.) (&ldquo;CERCLA&rdquo;), or otherwise designated as a contaminated site under applicable state or local law. Neither the Company
nor its Subsidiaries has been named as a &ldquo;potentially responsible party&rdquo; under CERCLA.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(ff)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Compliance
with Laws</U>. Each of the Company and each Subsidiary: (A)&nbsp;is and at all times has been in material compliance with all statutes,
rules, or regulations applicable to the conduct of the business of the Company or the Subsidiary (collectively, the &ldquo;<U>Applicable
Laws</U>&rdquo;), except as could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Change; (B)&nbsp;has
not received any written warning letter, untitled letter or other correspondence or notice from any other Governmental Entity alleging
or asserting noncompliance with any Applicable Laws or any Authorizations, except as could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably
be expected to have a Material Adverse Change; (C)&nbsp;possesses all material Authorizations and such Authorizations are valid and in
full force and effect and the Company is not in material violation of any term of any such Authorizations, except as could not, individually
or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Change; (D)&nbsp;has not received notice of any written claim,
action, suit, proceeding, hearing, enforcement, investigation, arbitration or other action from any Governmental Entity or third party
alleging that any of the Company&rsquo;s activities is in violation of any Applicable Laws or Authorizations and has no knowledge that
any such Governmental Entity or third party is considering any such claim, litigation, arbitration, action, suit, investigation or proceeding,
except as could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Change; (E)&nbsp;has not received
written notice that any Governmental Entity has taken, is taking or intends to take action to limit, suspend, modify or revoke any Authorizations
and has no knowledge that any such governmental authority is considering such action, except as could not, individually or in the aggregate,
reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Change; and (F)&nbsp;has filed, obtained, maintained or submitted all material reports,
documents, forms, notices, applications, records, claims, submissions and supplements or amendments as required by any Applicable Laws
or Authorizations and that all such reports, documents, forms, notices, applications, records, claims, submissions and supplements or
amendments were complete and correct on the date filed (or were corrected or supplemented by a subsequent submission), except as could
not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Change.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(gg)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Industry
Data</U>.&nbsp; The statistical and market-related data included in the SEC Reports are based on or derived from sources that the Company
reasonably and in good faith believes are reliable and accurate or represent the Company&rsquo;s good faith estimates that are made on
the basis of data derived from such sources.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(hh)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Margin
Securities</U>. None of the Company nor any Subsidiary owns any &ldquo;margin securities&rdquo; as that term is defined in Regulation
U of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the&nbsp;<U>&ldquo;Federal Reserve Board</U>&rdquo;), and none of the proceeds
of the offering contemplated in this Agreement will be used, directly or indirectly, for the purpose of purchasing or carrying any margin
security, for the purpose of reducing or retiring any indebtedness which was originally incurred to purchase or carry any margin security
or for any other purpose which might cause any of the shares of Common Stock to be considered a &ldquo;purpose credit&rdquo; within the
meanings of Regulation T, U or X of the Federal Reserve Board.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(ii)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Integration</U>.
None of the Company nor any Subsidiary or Affiliates, nor any person acting on its or their behalf has, directly or indirectly, made any
offers or sales of any security or solicited any offers to buy any security, under circumstances that would cause the offering contemplated
in this Agreement to be integrated with prior offerings by the Company for purposes of the Securities Act that would require the registration
of the offering of any such securities under the Securities Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(jj)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Title
to Real and Personal Property</U>. The Company and its Subsidiaries own or lease all such properties as are necessary and material to
the conduct of its business as presently operated as described in the SEC Reports. The Company and its Subsidiaries have good and marketable
title to all personal property owned by them, free and clear of all liens, charges or encumbrances except such as are described in the
SEC Reports or such as would not (individually or in the aggregate) have a Material Adverse Change. Except as disclosed in the SEC Reports,
any real property and buildings held under lease or sublease by the Company and its Subsidiaries are held by them under valid, subsisting
and enforceable leases with such exceptions as are not material to, and do not interfere with, the use made and proposed to be made of
such property and buildings by the Company and its Subsidiaries. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has received any notice
of any claim adverse to its ownership of any real or personal property or of any claim against the continued possession of any real property,
whether owned or held under lease or sublease by the Company or its Subsidiaries, that would have a Material Adverse Change.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(kk)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Confidentiality
and Non-Competition Agreements</U>. To the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, no director, officer, key employee or consultant of the Company
or any Subsidiary is subject to any confidentiality, non-disclosure, non-competition agreement or non-solicitation agreement with any
employer or prior employer that could materially affect his ability to be and act in his respective capacity of the Company or any Subsidiary
or be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(mm)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Diligence
Materials</U>. The Company has provided to Purchaser all materials responsive in all material respects to the diligence requests, if any,
submitted to the Company or its counsel.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(nn)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Nasdaq
Listing Rules</U>. Except as set forth in the SEC Reports, the Company is, and after giving effect to the offering contemplated by this
Agreement will be, in compliance in all material respects with all applicable corporate governance requirements set forth in the Nasdaq
Listing Rules.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(oo)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Exchange
Act Reports</U>. The Company has filed in a timely manner all reports required to be filed pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(e), 14 and 15(d)&nbsp;of
the Exchange Act during the 12 months preceding the date hereof, or such shorter period as the Company was required by law or regulation
to file such material (except to the extent that Section&nbsp;15(d)&nbsp;requires reports to be filed pursuant to Sections 13(d)&nbsp;and
13(g)&nbsp;of the Exchange Act, which shall be governed by the next clause of this sentence); and the Company has filed in a timely manner
all reports required to be filed pursuant to Sections 13(d)&nbsp;and 13(g)&nbsp;of the Exchange Act during the 12 months preceding the
date hereof, or such shorter period as the Company was required by law or regulation to file such material, except where the failure to
timely file could not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Change or affect the Company&rsquo;s
ability to use Form&nbsp;S-3.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(pp)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Information
Provided</U>. The Company confirms that, to its knowledge, with the exception of the proposed sale of the Shares and the Warrants under
this Agreement and the Subscription Documents relating thereto, and the other transactions set forth herein and therein, neither the Company
nor any other persons acting on its behalf has provided Purchaser or its agents or counsel with any information that constitutes material,
nonpublic information. Purchaser acknowledges and agrees that until public disclosure of the proposed sale of the Shares and Warrants
under this Agreement, Purchaser will be restricted by the insider trading prohibitions under the Exchange Act from trading or &ldquo;tipping&rdquo;
on the basis of such information.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(qq)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>No
 &ldquo;Bad Actor&rdquo; Disqualification</U>. The Company has exercised commercially reasonable care, in accordance with Commission rules&nbsp;and
guidance, and has conducted a factual inquiry, the nature and scope of which reflect reasonable care under the relevant facts and circumstances,
to determine whether any Covered Person (as defined below) is subject to any of the &ldquo;bad actor&rdquo; disqualifications described
in Rule&nbsp;506(d)(1)(i)&nbsp;to (viii)&nbsp;under the Securities Act (&ldquo;<U>Disqualification Events</U>&rdquo;). To the Company&rsquo;s
knowledge, after conducting such sufficiently diligent factual inquiries, no Covered Person is subject to a Disqualification Event, except
for a Disqualification Event covered by Rule&nbsp;506(d)(2)&nbsp;or (d)(3)&nbsp;under the Securities Act. The Company has complied, to
the extent applicable, with any disclosure obligations under Rule&nbsp;506(e)&nbsp;under the Securities Act. &ldquo;<U>Covered Persons</U>&rdquo;
are those persons specified in Rule&nbsp;506(d)(1)&nbsp;under the Securities Act, including the Company; any predecessor or affiliate
of the Company; any director, executive officer, other officer participating in the offering, general partner or managing member of the
Company; any beneficial owner of 20% or more of the Company&rsquo;s outstanding voting equity securities, calculated on the basis of voting
power; any promoter (as defined in Rule&nbsp;405 under the Securities Act) connected with the Company in any capacity at the time of the
sale of the Shares and the Warrants; and any person that has been or will be paid (directly or indirectly) remuneration for solicitation
of purchasers in connection with the sale of the Shares and the Warrants (a &ldquo;<U>Solicitor</U>&rdquo;), any general partner or managing
member of any Solicitor, and any director, executive officer or other officer participating in the offering of any Solicitor or general
partner or managing member of any Solicitor.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">3.2&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Representations
and Warranties of Purchaser</U>. Purchaser hereby represents and warrants as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date to the Company
as follows (unless as of a specific date therein, in which case they shall be accurate as of such date):</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Organization;
Authority</U>. Purchaser is an entity duly incorporated or formed, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction
of its incorporation or formation with full right, corporate, partnership, limited liability company or similar power and authority to
enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and
thereunder. The execution and delivery of this Agreement and performance by Purchaser of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement
have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate, partnership, limited liability company, investment management or similar action,
as applicable, on the part of Purchaser. Each Subscription Document to which it is a party has been duly executed by Purchaser, and when
delivered by Purchaser in accordance with the terms hereof, will constitute the valid and legally binding obligation of Purchaser, enforceable
against it in accordance with its terms, except: (i)&nbsp;as such enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization
or similar laws affecting creditors&rsquo; rights generally; (ii)&nbsp;as enforceability of any indemnification or contribution provision
may be limited under the federal or state securities laws; and (iii)&nbsp;that the remedy of specific performance and injunctive and other
forms of equitable relief may be subject to the equitable defenses and to the discretion of the court before which any proceeding therefor
may be brought.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Investment
Purpose</U>. Purchaser is acquiring the Securities for its own account for investment only and not with a view towards, or for resale
in connection with, the public sale or distribution thereof. Purchaser acknowledges that the Shares will be issued in book entry form
with a notation of restriction and the Warrants will be issued in registered form with a notation of restriction, in each case as set
forth in&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;4.1</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Experience
of Purchaser</U>. Purchaser, either alone or together with its representatives, has such knowledge, sophistication and experience in business
and financial matters so as to be capable of evaluating the merits and risks of the prospective investment in the Securities, and has
so evaluated the merits and risks of such investment. Purchaser is able to bear the economic risk of an investment in the Securities,
and, at the present time, is able to afford a complete loss of such investment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(d)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Accredited
Investor Status</U>.&nbsp; Purchaser is an &ldquo;accredited investor&rdquo; as that term is defined in Rule&nbsp;501(a)&nbsp;of Regulation
D, as promulgated under the Securities Act and has delivered to the Company a completed Investor Questionnaire.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(e)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Reliance
on Exemptions</U>.&nbsp; Purchaser understands that the Shares&nbsp;and the Warrants are being offered and sold to it in reliance on specific
exemptions from the registration requirements of United States federal and state securities laws and that the Company is relying in part
upon the truth and accuracy of, and Purchaser&rsquo;s compliance with, the representations, warranties, agreements, acknowledgments and
understandings of Purchaser set forth herein in order to determine the availability of such exemptions and the eligibility of Purchaser
to acquire the Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(f)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Information</U>.
Purchaser and its representatives, if any, have been furnished with all materials relating to the business, finances and operations of
the Company and other information Purchaser deemed material to making an informed investment decision regarding its purchase of the Securities,
which have been requested by Purchaser.&nbsp; Purchaser acknowledges that it has reviewed a copy of the Subscription Documents, including
the SEC Reports.&nbsp; Purchaser and its advisors, if any, have been afforded the opportunity to ask questions of the Company and its
management. Neither such inquiries, nor any other due diligence investigations conducted by Purchaser or its advisors, if any, or its
representatives, shall modify, amend or affect Purchaser&rsquo;s right to rely on the Company&rsquo;s representations and warranties contained
in&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;3.1</U>.&nbsp; Purchaser understands that its investment in the Securities, involves a high degree of risk.&nbsp;
Purchaser has sought such accounting, legal and tax advice as it has considered necessary to make an informed investment decision with
respect to its acquisition of the Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(g)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>General
Solicitation</U>.&nbsp; Purchaser is not purchasing the Securities as a result of any advertisement, article, notice or other communication
regarding the Securities published in any newspaper, magazine or similar media or broadcast over television or radio or presented at any
seminar or any other general solicitation or general advertisement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(h)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Company
Affiliated Investors</U>. Purchaser acknowledges that certain officers and directors of the Company may purchase Shares and the Warrants
pursuant to this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(i)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>No
Governmental Review</U>. Purchaser understands that no United States federal or state governmental authority has passed on or made any
recommendation or endorsement of the Shares and the Warrants, or the fairness or suitability of the investment in the Shares and the Warrants,
nor have such governmental authorities passed upon or endorsed the merits of the offering of the Shares and the Warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(j)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Certain
Transactions and Confidentiality</U>. Other than consummating the transactions contemplated hereunder, Purchaser has not, nor has any
Person acting on behalf of or pursuant to any understanding with Purchaser, directly or indirectly executed any purchases or sales, including
Short Sales, of the securities of the Company during the period commencing as of the time that Purchaser first received a term sheet (written
or oral) from the Company or any other Person representing the Company setting forth the material terms of the transactions contemplated
hereunder and ending immediately prior to the execution hereof. Other than to other Persons party to this Agreement or to Purchaser&rsquo;s
representatives, including, without limitation, its officers, directors, partners, legal and other advisors, employees, agents and Affiliates,
Purchaser has maintained the confidentiality of all disclosures made to it in connection with this transaction (including the existence
and terms of this transaction).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE&nbsp;IV<BR>
OTHER AGREEMENTS OF THE PARTIES</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">4.1&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Transfer
and Restrictive Legend</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
Shares and the Warrants may only be disposed of in compliance with state and federal securities laws. In connection with any transfer
of Shares or the Warrants other than pursuant to an effective registration statement, the Company may require the transferor thereof to
provide to the Company an opinion of counsel selected by the transferor and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the form and substance
of which opinion shall be reasonably satisfactory to the Company, to the effect that such transfer does not require registration of such
transferred Shares or Warrants under the Securities Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Purchaser
agrees to a restrictive notation on the Shares to be issued in book entry form as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">THESE SECURITIES HAVE BEEN ACQUIRED FROM THE ISSUER
WITHOUT REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE &ldquo;SECURITIES ACT&rdquo;) AND ARE RESTRICTED SECURITIES AS
THAT TERM IS DEFINED UNDER RULE 144, PROMULGATED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT. THESE SECURITIES MAY&nbsp;NOT BE SOLD, PLEDGED, TRANSFERRED,
DISTRIBUTED, OR OTHERWISE DISPOSED OF IN ANY MANNER UNLESS SUCH TRANSACTION IS (I)&nbsp;REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT, (II)&nbsp;UNLESS
SOLD PURSUANT TO RULE 144 OR RULE 144A UNDER SAID ACT, OR (III)&nbsp;SOLD PURSUANT TO A VALID EXEMPTION FROM SUCH REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS
AS EVIDENCED BY AN OPINION OF COUNSEL, REASONABLY SATISFACTORY TO THE ISSUER, STATING THAT THE TRANSFER DOES NOT INVOLVE A TRANSACTION
REQUIRING REGISTRATION OF SUCH SECURITIES UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Purchaser agrees to a restrictive notation on the Warrants to be issued in book entry form as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">NEITHER THIS SECURITY NOR THE SECURITIES FOR WHICH
THIS SECURITY IS EXERCISABLE HAVE BEEN REGISTERED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR THE SECURITIES COMMISSION OF ANY STATE
IN RELIANCE UPON AN EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE &ldquo;SECURITIES ACT&rdquo;), AND,
ACCORDINGLY, MAY&nbsp;NOT BE OFFERED OR SOLD EXCEPT PURSUANT TO AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OR PURSUANT
TO AN AVAILABLE EXEMPTION FROM, OR IN A TRANSACTION NOT SUBJECT TO, THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT AND IN ACCORDANCE
WITH APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">4.2&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Integration</U>.
The Company shall not sell, offer for sale or solicit offers to buy or otherwise negotiate in respect of any security (as defined in Section&nbsp;2
of the Securities Act) that would be integrated with the offer or sale of the Shares and the Warrants in a manner that would require the
registration under the Securities Act of the sale of the Shares and the Warrants or that would be integrated with the offer or sale of
the Shares and the Warrants for purposes of the rules&nbsp;and regulations of any Trading Market such that it would require shareholder
approval prior to the closing of such other transaction unless shareholder approval is obtained before the closing of such subsequent
transaction.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">4.3&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Securities
Laws Disclosure; Publicity</U>. No later than two Trading Days immediately following the Closing Date, the Company shall file a Current
Report on Form&nbsp;8-K (the &ldquo;<U>Announcement 8-K</U>&rdquo;), including the Subscription Documents with the Commission. From and
after the filing of the Announcement 8-K, the Company represents to Purchaser that it shall have publicly disclosed all material, non-public
information delivered to Purchaser by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers, directors, employees
or agents in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Subscription Documents, other than any information that Robert T. Hoffman
Sr. may have received or had access to in connection with his role as a member of the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">4.4&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Use
of Proceeds</U>. The Company shall use the net proceeds from the sale of the Shares and the Warrants hereunder for general working capital
and for general corporate purposes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.5&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Reservation
of Common Stock</U>. As of the date hereof, or in the case of Warrant Shares as of the Initial Exercise Date (as defined in the Warrants),
</FONT>the Company has reserved and the Company shall continue to reserve and keep available at all times, free of preemptive rights,
a sufficient number of shares of Common Stock for the purpose of enabling the Company to issue the Shares and the Warrants pursuant to
this Agreement and the Warrants Shares in connection with any exercise of the Warrants pursuant to the terms of the Warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">4.6&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Listing
of Common Stock</U>. The Company hereby agrees to use commercially reasonable efforts to maintain the listing or quotation of the Common
Stock on the Trading Market on which it is currently listed, and concurrently with the Closing, the Company shall apply to list or quote
all of the Shares on such Trading Market and promptly secure the listing of all of the Shares on such Trading Market. The Company further
agrees, if the Company applies to have the Common Stock traded on any other Trading Market, it will then include in such application all
of the Shares, and will take such other action as is necessary to cause all of the Shares to be listed or quoted on such other Trading
Market as promptly as possible. The Company will take reasonably commercial efforts to continue the listing and trading of its Common
Stock on a Trading Market and to comply in all material respects with the Company&rsquo;s reporting, filing and other obligations under
the bylaws or rules&nbsp;of the Trading Market. The Company agrees to use commercially reasonable best efforts to maintain the eligibility
of the Common Stock for electronic transfer through the Depository Trust Company or another established clearing corporation, including,
without limitation, by timely payment of fees to the Depository Trust Company or such other established clearing corporation in connection
with such electronic transfer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">4.7&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Certain
Transactions and Confidentiality</U>. Purchaser covenants that neither it nor any of its Affiliates acting on its behalf or pursuant to
any understanding with it will execute any purchases, sales or effect any other transactions, including Short Sales of any of the Company&rsquo;s
securities during the period commencing with the execution of this Agreement and ending at such time that the transactions contemplated
by the Subscription Documents are first publicly announced pursuant to the filing of the Announcement 8-K as described above. Purchaser
covenants that until such time as the transactions contemplated by the Subscription Documents are publicly disclosed by the Company pursuant
to the filing of the Announcement 8-K, Purchaser will maintain the confidentiality of the existence and terms of this transaction and
the information included in the Subscription Documents.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">4.8&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Form&nbsp;D;
Blue Sky Filings</U>. The Company agrees to timely file a Form&nbsp;D with respect to the Shares and the Warrants as required under Regulation
D and to provide a copy thereof, promptly upon request of Purchaser. The Company shall take such action as the Company shall reasonably
determine is necessary in order to obtain an exemption for, or to qualify the Shares and the Warrants for, sale to Purchaser at the Closing
under applicable securities or &ldquo;Blue Sky&rdquo; laws of the states of the United States, and shall provide evidence of such actions
promptly upon request of Purchaser.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">4.9&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<I>[Intentionally
omitted.]</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">4.10&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Stabilization</U>.
Neither the Company nor, to its knowledge, any of its employees, directors or shareholders, has taken or shall take, directly or indirectly,
any action designed to or that has constituted or that might reasonably be expected to cause or result in, under Regulation M of the Exchange
Act, or otherwise, stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of the Shares
or the Warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE&nbsp;V<BR>
REGISTRATION RIGHTS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">5.1&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Registration
Procedures and Expenses; Liquidated Damages for Certain Events</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
Company shall prepare and file with the Commission, as promptly as reasonably practicable following Closing, but in no event later than
30 days following the date hereof (the &ldquo;<U>Initial Filing Date</U>&rdquo;), a registration statement on Form&nbsp;S-1 covering the
resale of the Registrable Securities (as defined below) (the &ldquo;<U>Registration Statement</U>&rdquo;) and use its commercially reasonable
efforts, subject to receipt of all necessary information from Purchaser, as soon as reasonably practicable thereafter but in no event
later than 45 days following the date hereof (90 days in the event of a review of the Registration Statement by the Commission), to effect
such registration and any related qualification or compliance with respect to all Registrable Securities held by Purchaser. For purposes
of this Agreement, the term &ldquo;<U>Registrable Securities</U>&rdquo; shall mean (i)&nbsp;the Shares; (ii)&nbsp;the Warrant Shares and
(iii)&nbsp;any securities issued or then issuable upon any stock split, dividend or other distribution, recapitalization or similar event
with respect to the foregoing;&nbsp;<I><U>provided, however</U></I>, that any such Registrable Securities shall cease to be Registrable
Securities (and the Company shall not be required to maintain the effectiveness of any, or file another, Registration Statement hereunder
with respect thereto) for so long as (a)&nbsp;a Registration Statement with respect to the sale of such Registrable Securities is declared
effective by the Commission under the Securities Act and such Registrable Securities have been disposed of by Purchaser in accordance
with such effective Registration Statement, (b)&nbsp;such Registrable Securities have been previously sold in accordance with Rule&nbsp;144,
or (c)&nbsp;such securities become eligible for resale without volume or manner-of-sale restrictions and without current public information
pursuant to Rule&nbsp;144 as set forth in a written opinion letter to such effect, addressed, delivered and acceptable to the Transfer
Agent and Purchaser (assuming that such securities and any securities issuable upon exercise, conversion or exchange of which, or as a
dividend upon which, such securities were issued or are issuable, were at no time held by any Affiliate of the Company), as reasonably
determined by the Company, upon the advice of counsel to the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
Company shall, during the Effectiveness Period (as defined below), use commercially reasonable efforts to:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.25in">(i)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;prepare
and file with the Commission such amendments and supplements to the Registration Statement and the prospectus used in connection therewith
(the &ldquo;<U>Prospectus</U>&rdquo;) as may be necessary or advisable to keep the Registration Statement current and effective for the
resale of the Registrable Securities held by Purchaser for a period ending on the earlier of (i)&nbsp;the second anniversary of the Closing
Date, (ii)&nbsp;the date on which all Registrable Securities may be sold pursuant to Rule&nbsp;144 during any three-month period without
the requirement for the Company to be in compliance with the current public information required under Rule&nbsp;144(c)(1)&nbsp;or (iii)&nbsp;such
time as all Registrable Securities have been sold pursuant to a registration statement or Rule&nbsp;144 (collectively, the &ldquo;<U>Effectiveness
Period</U>&rdquo;);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.25in">(ii)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;furnish
to Purchaser with respect to the Registrable Securities registered under the Registration Statement such number of copies of the Registration
Statement and the Prospectus (including supplemental prospectuses) filed with the Commission in conformance with the requirements of the
Securities Act and other such documents as Purchaser may reasonably request, in order to facilitate the public sale or other disposition
of all or any of the Registrable Securities by Purchaser;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.25in">(iii)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;make
any necessary blue sky filings;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.25in">(iv)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;pay
the expenses incurred by the Company and Purchaser in complying with Article&nbsp;V, including, all registration and filing fees, FINRA
fees, exchange listing fees, printing expenses, fees and disbursements of counsel for the Company, blue sky fees and expenses and the
expense of any special audits incident to or required by any such registration (but excluding attorneys&rsquo; fees of Purchaser and any
and all underwriting discounts and selling commissions applicable to the sale of Registrable Securities by Purchaser);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.25in">(v)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;advise
Purchaser, promptly after it shall receive notice or obtain knowledge of the issuance of any stop order by the Commission delaying or
suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or of the initiation of any proceeding for that purpose; and it will promptly
use its reasonable best efforts to prevent the issuance of any stop order or to obtain its withdrawal at the earliest possible moment
if such stop order should be issued; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.25in">(vi)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;with
a view to making available to Purchaser the benefits of Rule&nbsp;144 and any other rule&nbsp;or regulation of the Commission that may
at any time permit Purchaser to sell Registrable Securities to the public without registration, the Company covenants and agrees to: (i)&nbsp;make
and keep public information available, as such term is understood and defined in Rule&nbsp;144, until the earlier of (A)&nbsp;such date
as all of the Registrable Securities qualify to be resold immediately pursuant to Rule&nbsp;144 or any other rule&nbsp;of similar effect
during any three-month period without the requirement for the Company to be in compliance with the current public information required
under Rule&nbsp;144(c)(1)&nbsp;or (B)&nbsp;such date as all of the Registrable Securities shall have been resold pursuant to Rule&nbsp;144
(and may be further resold without restriction); (ii)&nbsp;file with the Commission in a timely manner all reports and other documents
required of the Company under the Securities Act and under the Exchange Act; and (iii)&nbsp;furnish to Purchaser upon request, as long
as Purchaser owns any Registrable Securities, (A)&nbsp;a written statement by the Company as to whether it has complied with the reporting
requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, (B)&nbsp;a copy of the Company&rsquo;s most recent Annual Report on Form&nbsp;10-K
or Quarterly Report on Form&nbsp;10-Q, and (C)&nbsp;such other information as may be reasonably requested in order to avail Purchaser
of any rule&nbsp;or regulation of the Commission that permits the selling of any such Registrable Securities without registration.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company understands
that Purchaser disclaims being an underwriter, but acknowledges that a determination by the Commission that Purchaser is deemed an underwriter
shall not relieve the Company of any obligations it has hereunder. The Company will not name Purchaser as an underwriter in a Registration
Statement or Prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;If
(i)&nbsp;the Registration Statement is not filed on or prior to the Initial Filing Date, or (ii)&nbsp;the Company fails to file with the
Commission a request for acceleration of the Registration Statement in accordance with Rule&nbsp;461 under the Securities Act, within
five Trading Days after the date the Company is first notified (orally or in writing) by the Commission that the Registration Statement
will not be &ldquo;reviewed&rdquo; or will not be subject to further review or comment, or (iii)&nbsp;prior to the effective date of the
Registration Statement, the Company fails to file a pre-effective amendment and otherwise respond in writing to comments made by the Commission
in respect of such Registration Statement within 21 days after the receipt of comments by or notice from the Commission that such amendment
or resolution of such comments is required in order for such Registration Statement to be declared effective, or (iv)&nbsp;there occurs
the issuance by the Commission or any other federal or state governmental authority of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of
the Registration Statement or the initiation of any proceedings for that purpose or (v)&nbsp;at any time during the period commencing
from the six-month anniversary of the date hereof and ending at such time that all of the Registrable Securities may be resold during
any three-month period without the requirement for the Company to be in compliance with the current public information required under
Rule&nbsp;144(c)(1), the Company shall fail to satisfy the current public information requirement under Rule&nbsp;144(c)&nbsp;(any of
the foregoing being referred to as an &ldquo;<U>Event</U>&rdquo;, and for purposes of clauses (i)&nbsp;and (v), the date on which such
Event occurs, and for purpose of clause (ii)&nbsp;the date on which such five Trading Day period is exceeded, and for purpose of clause
(iii)&nbsp;the date which such 21-day period is exceeded, being the &ldquo;<U>Event Date</U>&rdquo;), then except during any period of
time during which the Registrable Securities may be resold pursuant to Rule&nbsp;144 without volume limitations, in addition to any other
rights Purchaser may have hereunder or under applicable law, on each such Event Date and on each monthly anniversary of each such Event
Date (if the applicable Event shall not have been cured by such date) until the applicable Event is cured, the Company shall pay to Purchaser
an amount in cash, as liquidated damages and not as a penalty, equal to the product of 1.0% multiplied by the purchase price paid by Purchaser
with respect to the Registrable Securities affected by such Event and held by Purchaser on such Event Date or monthly anniversary thereof,
up to a maximum of 5.0% of the purchase price for such Registrable Securities provided that such maximum shall not apply if the applicable
Event is the Event described in clause (v). If the Company fails to pay any liquidated damages pursuant to this&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;5.1(c)</U>&nbsp;in
full within seven days after the date payable, the Company will pay interest thereon at a rate of 12% per annum (or such lesser maximum
amount that is permitted to be paid by applicable law) to Purchaser, accruing daily from the date such liquidated damages are due until
such amounts, plus all such interest thereon, are paid in full. The liquidated damages pursuant to the terms hereof shall apply on a daily
pro rata basis for any portion of a month prior to the cure of an Event.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE&nbsp;VI<BR>
MISCELLANEOUS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">6.1&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Termination</U>.
This Agreement may be terminated by Purchaser by written notice to the Company, if the Closing has not been consummated on or before June&nbsp;25,
2024;&nbsp;<U>provided</U>,&nbsp;<U>however</U>, that no such termination will affect the right of any party to sue for any breach by
any other party (or parties).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">6.2&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Fees
and Expenses</U>. Except as expressly set forth in the Subscription Documents to the contrary, each party shall pay the fees and expenses
of its advisers, counsel, accountants and other experts, if any, and all other expenses incurred by such party incident to the negotiation,
preparation, execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement. The Company shall pay all Transfer Agent fees (including, without
limitation, any fees required for same-day processing of any instruction letter delivered by the Company and any exercise notice delivered
by Purchaser), stamp taxes and other taxes and duties levied in connection with the delivery of any Shares or Warrants to Purchaser.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">6.3&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Entire
Agreement</U>. The Subscription Documents, together with the exhibits and schedules thereto, contain the entire understanding of the parties
with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof and supersede all prior agreements and understandings, oral or written, with respect
to such matters, which the parties acknowledge have been merged into such documents, exhibits and schedules.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">6.4&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Notices</U>.
Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries required or permitted to be provided hereunder shall be in writing and shall
be deemed given and effective on the earliest of: (a)&nbsp;the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via
email attachment at the email address as set forth on the signature pages&nbsp;attached hereto at or prior to 5:30 p.m.&nbsp;(New York
City time) on a Trading Day, (b)&nbsp;the next Trading Day after the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered
via email attachment at the or email address as set forth on the signature pages&nbsp;attached hereto on a day that is not a Trading Day
or later than 5:30 p.m.&nbsp;(New York City time) on any Trading Day, (c)&nbsp;the second (2<SUP>nd</SUP>) Trading Day following the date
of mailing, if sent by U.S. nationally recognized overnight courier service or (d)&nbsp;upon actual receipt by the party to whom such
notice is required to be given. The address for such notices and communications shall be as set forth on the signature pages&nbsp;attached
hereto. To the extent that any notice provided pursuant to any Subscription Document constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information
regarding the Company or any Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Current
Report on Form&nbsp;8-K.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">6.5&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Amendments;
Waivers</U>. No provision of this Agreement may be waived, modified, supplemented or amended except in a written instrument signed, in
the case of an amendment, by the Company and Purchaser, or, in the case of a waiver, by the party against whom enforcement of any such
waived provision is sought. No waiver of any default with respect to any provision, condition or requirement of this Agreement shall be
deemed to be a continuing waiver in the future or a waiver of any subsequent default or a waiver of any other provision, condition or
requirement hereof, nor shall any delay or omission of any party to exercise any right hereunder in any manner impair the exercise of
any such right. Any amendment effected in accordance with this&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;6.5</U>&nbsp;shall be binding upon Purchaser, any
and holder of Shares or Warrants and the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">6.6&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Headings</U>.
The headings herein are for convenience only, do not constitute a part of this Agreement and shall not be deemed to limit or affect any
of the provisions hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">6.7&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Successors
and Assigns</U>. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties and their successors and permitted assigns.
The Company may not assign this Agreement or any rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of Purchaser (other
than by merger). Purchaser may assign any or all of its rights under this Agreement to any Person to whom Purchaser assigns or transfers
any Shares or Warrants, provided that such transferee agrees in writing to be bound, with respect to the transferred Shares or Warrants,
by the provisions of the Subscription Documents that apply to &ldquo;Purchaser.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">6.8&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>No
Third-Party Beneficiaries</U>. This Agreement is intended for the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and permitted
assigns and is not for the benefit of, nor may any provision hereof be enforced by, any other Person, except as otherwise set forth in
this&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;6.8</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">6.9&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Governing
Law</U>. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of the Subscription Documents shall be governed
by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the principles of conflicts
of law thereof. Each party agrees that all legal Proceedings concerning the interpretations, enforcement and defense of the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement and any other Subscription Documents (whether brought against a party hereto or its respective affiliates,
directors, officers, shareholders, partners, members, employees or agents) shall be commenced exclusively in the state and federal courts
sitting in the City of New York. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting
in the City of New York, Borough of Manhattan for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction
contemplated hereby or discussed herein (including with respect to the enforcement of any of the Subscription Documents), and hereby irrevocably
waives, and agrees not to assert in any Action or Proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such
court, that such Action or Proceeding is improper or is an inconvenient venue for such Proceeding. Each party hereby irrevocably waives
personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such Action or Proceeding by mailing a copy thereof via registered
or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this
Agreement and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein
shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law. If any party shall commence an Action
or Proceeding to enforce any provisions of the Subscription Documents, then the prevailing party in such Action or Proceeding shall be
reimbursed by the non-prevailing party for its reasonable attorneys&rsquo; fees and other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation,
preparation and prosecution of such Action or Proceeding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">6.10&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Survival</U>.
The representations and warranties contained herein shall survive the Closing and the delivery of the Shares and the Warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">6.11&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Execution</U>.
This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, all of which when taken together shall be considered one and the same agreement
and shall become effective when counterparts have been signed by each party and delivered to each other party, it being understood that
the parties need not sign the same counterpart. In the event that any signature is delivered by e-mail delivery of a &ldquo;.pdf&rdquo;
format data file, such signature shall create a valid and binding obligation of the party executing (or on whose behalf such signature
is executed) with the same force and effect as if such &ldquo;.pdf&rdquo; signature page&nbsp;were an original thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">6.12&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Severability</U>.
If any term, provision, covenant or restriction of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, illegal,
void or unenforceable, the remainder of the terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions set forth herein shall remain in full force
and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated, and the parties hereto shall use their commercially reasonable efforts
to find and employ an alternative means to achieve the same or substantially the same result as that contemplated by such term, provision,
covenant or restriction. It is hereby stipulated and declared to be the intention of the parties that they would have executed the remaining
terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions without including any of such that may be hereafter declared invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">6.13&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Rescission
and Withdrawal Right</U>. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in (and without limiting any similar provisions of) any of
the other Subscription Documents, whenever Purchaser exercises a right, election, demand or option under a Subscription Document and the
Company does not timely perform its related obligations within the periods therein provided, then Purchaser may rescind or withdraw, in
its sole discretion from time to time upon written notice to the Company, any relevant notice, demand or election in whole or in part
without prejudice to its future actions and rights;&nbsp;<U>provided</U>,&nbsp;<U>however</U>, that, in the case of a rescission of an
exercise of a Warrant, Purchaser shall be required to return any shares of Common Stock subject to any such rescinded exercise notice
concurrently with the return to Purchaser of the aggregate exercise price paid to the Company for such shares and the restoration of Purchaser&rsquo;s
right to acquire such shares pursuant to Purchaser&rsquo;s Warrant (including, issuance of a replacement warrant certificate evidencing
such restored right).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">6.14&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Saturdays,
Sundays, Holidays,&nbsp;etc.</U>&nbsp;If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required
or granted herein shall not be a Business Day, then such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Business
Day.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">6.15&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Construction</U>.
The parties agree that each of them and/or their respective counsel have reviewed and had an opportunity to revise the Subscription Documents
and, therefore, the normal rule&nbsp;of construction to the effect that any ambiguities are to be resolved against the drafting party
shall not be employed in the interpretation of the Subscription Documents or any amendments thereto. In addition, each and every reference
to share prices and shares of Common Stock in any Subscription Document shall be subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits,
stock dividends, stock combinations and other similar transactions of the Common Stock that occur after the date of this Agreement but
before the Closing Date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">6.16&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<B><U>WAIVER
OF JURY TRIAL.&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">EACH PARTY ACKNOWLEDGES AND AGREES THAT ANY CONTROVERSY WHICH MAY&nbsp;ARISE
UNDER THIS AGREEMENT IS LIKELY TO INVOLVE COMPLICATED AND DIFFICULT ISSUES.</FONT>&nbsp;ACCORDINGLY,&nbsp;IN ANY ACTION, SUIT, OR PROCEEDING
IN ANY JURISDICTION BROUGHT BY ANY PARTY AGAINST ANY OTHER PARTY, THE PARTIES EACH KNOWINGLY AND INTENTIONALLY, TO THE GREATEST EXTENT
PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, HEREBY ABSOLUTELY, UNCONDITIONALLY,&nbsp;IRREVOCABLY AND EXPRESSLY WAIVES FOREVER TRIAL BY JURY.</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><I>(Signature Pages&nbsp;Follow)</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties
hereto have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized signatories as of the date first
indicated above.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">CLEARSIGN TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>Address for Notice:</U></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/ Colin James Deller&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ClearSign Technologies Corporation</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 39%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;Colin James Deller</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 50%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8023 East 63RD Place, Suite&nbsp;101</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;Chief Executive Officer</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Tulsa, Oklahoma 74133</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Attention: Chief Executive Officer</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Email:jim.deller@clearsign.com</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">With a copy to (which shall not constitute notice):</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mitchell Silberberg&nbsp;&amp; Knupp LLP</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">437 Madison Ave., 25th Floor</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">New York, New York 10022</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Attention: Blake Baron</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Email: bjb@msk.com</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">[REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK<BR>
SIGNATURE PAGE FOR PURCHASER FOLLOWS]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">[PURCHASER SIGNATURE PAGE TO CLEARSIGN TECHNOLOGIES
CORPORATION SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned
have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized signatories as of the date first indicated
above.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 48%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name of Purchaser:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 50%; border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">clirSPV LLC</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Signature of Authorized Signatory of Purchaser</I></FONT>:</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/ Robert T. Hoffman,&nbsp;Sr.&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name of Authorized Signatory:</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Robert T. Hoffman,&nbsp;Sr.&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title of Authorized Signatory:</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;Managing Member of clirSPV LLC</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Email Address of Authorized Signatory:</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Address for Notice to Purchaser:</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Address for Delivery of Shares and Warrants to Purchaser (if not same as address for notice):</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Social Security Number or Taxpayer ID of Purchaser:&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 82%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Common Unit Subscription Amount:</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 14%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">3,613,975</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">Common Shares:</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">3,907,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Common Warrants:</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">5,860,500</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Pre-funded Unit Subscription Amount:</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">727,050</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Pre-funded Warrants:</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">786,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Common Warrants:</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">1,179,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Beneficial
Ownership Blocker &nbsp;</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; color: #0070c0">&uml;</FONT>&nbsp;4.99%&nbsp; <FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; color: #0070c0">&uml;</FONT>&nbsp;9.99%&nbsp;
 &#8999;19.99%</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; color: #0070c0">&uml;</FONT>&nbsp;Notwithstanding
anything contained in this Agreement to the contrary, by checking this box (i)&nbsp;the obligations of the above-signed to purchase the
securities set forth in this Agreement to be purchased from the Company by the above-signed, and the obligations of the Company to sell
such securities to the above-signed, shall be unconditional and all conditions to Closing shall be disregarded, (ii)&nbsp;the Closing
shall occur on the third (3<SUP>rd</SUP>) Trading Day following the date of this Agreement and (iii)&nbsp;any condition to Closing contemplated
by this Agreement (but prior to being disregarded by clause (i)&nbsp;above) that required delivery by the Company or the above-signed
of any agreement, instrument, certificate or the like or purchase price (as applicable) shall no longer be a condition and shall instead
be an unconditional obligation of the Company or the above-signed (as applicable) to deliver such agreement, instrument, certificate or
the like or purchase price (as applicable) to such other party on the Closing Date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">2&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>EXHIBIT&nbsp;A</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>INVESTOR QUESTIONNAIRE</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>EXHIBIT&nbsp;B</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>FORM&nbsp;OF COMMON WARRANT</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>EXHIBIT&nbsp;C</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>FORM&nbsp;OF PRE-FUNDED WARRANT</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>EXHIBIT&nbsp;D</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>SELLING STOCKHOLDER QUESTIONNAIRE</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

</BODY>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-10.2
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>tm2418248d1_ex10-2.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 10.2
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="text-align: right; margin: 0"><B>Exhibit 10.2</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>CLEARSIGN TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>AMENDMENT TO SECURITIES
PURCHASE AGREEMENT</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">This Amendment to the Securities Purchase Agreement
(this &ldquo;<U>Amendment</U>&rdquo;), dated as of June 26, 2024, is made by and between ClearSign Technologies Corporation, a Delaware
corporation (the &ldquo;<U>Company</U>&rdquo;), and clirSPV LLC (the &ldquo;<U>Purchaser</U>&rdquo;). Unless otherwise defined herein,
capitalized terms shall have the meanings assigned to such terms in the Original SPA (as defined below).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">WHEREAS, the Company and Purchaser
are parties to that certain Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of June 24, 2024 (as amended, the &ldquo;<U>Original SPA</U>&rdquo;);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">WHEREAS, the parties desire
to revise the allocation of the Purchaser&rsquo;s Subscription Amount between Common Units and Pre-Funded Units as set forth herein on
the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Amendment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration
of the mutual covenants and agreements contained herein and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which
is hereby acknowledged, and with the intent to be legally bound, the parties hereto hereby agree as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">1.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">The allocation of the Purchaser&rsquo;s Subscription Amount as set forth on the signature page of the
Original SPA is hereby amended and restated as follows:</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD STYLE="width: 82%; padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Common Unit Subscription Amount:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 14%; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$3,098,750</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Common Shares:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">3,350,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Common Warrants:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">5,025,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Pre-funded Unit Subscription Amount:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$1,242,141</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Pre-funded Warrants:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;1,343,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Common Warrants:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;2,014,500</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">2.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Wherever the terms and conditions of this Amendment and the terms and conditions of the Original SPA are
in conflict, the terms and conditions of this Amendment shall be deemed to supersede the conflicting terms and conditions of the Original
SPA. Unless expressly amended by this Amendment, the terms and conditions of the Original SPA shall remain in full force and effect.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">3.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Amendment
shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the principles
of conflicts of law thereof.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">4.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">This Amendment and the Original SPA constitute the entire contract among the parties relating to the subject
matter hereof and supersede any and all previous amendments and understandings, oral or written, relating to the subject matter hereof.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">5.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">This Amendment may be executed in two or more counterparts, all of which when taken together shall be
considered one and the same agreement and shall become effective when counterparts have been signed by each party and delivered to each
other party, it being understood that the parties need not sign the same counterpart. In the event that any signature is delivered by
e-mail delivery of a &ldquo;.pdf&rdquo; format data file, such signature shall create a valid and binding obligation of the party executing
(or on whose behalf such signature is executed) with the same force and effect as if such &ldquo;.pdf&rdquo; signature page were an original
thereof.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: center"><I>(Signature Pages&nbsp;Follow)</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: center"><I>&nbsp;</I></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have executed
and delivered this Amendment as of the date first written above.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">CLEARSIGN TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION</FONT></TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">By:&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">/s/ Colin James Deller</FONT></TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 4%; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 4%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 42%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;Colin James Deller</FONT></TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;Chief Executive Officer</FONT></TD>
    </TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0" STYLE="width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
  <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD STYLE="width: 50%">PURCHASER:</TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

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  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify; width: 4%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">By:&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; width: 46%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">/s/ Robert T. Hoffman, Sr.</FONT></TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Name: clirSPV LLC</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Title: Managing Member of GPCLIRSPV LLC</P></TD>
    </TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION LABEL LINKBASE
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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>7
<FILENAME>clir-20240624_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION PRESENTATION LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
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<head>
<title></title>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.1.u2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140296204161664">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jun. 24, 2024</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Jun. 24,  2024<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate', window );">Current Fiscal Year End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">--12-31<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">001-35521<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">CLEARSIGN TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001434524<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">26-2056298<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">DE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">8023 E. 63rd Place, Suite 101<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Tulsa<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">OK<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">74133<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">918<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">236-6461<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Common Stock<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">CLIR<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NASDAQ<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>End date of current fiscal year in the format --MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:gMonthDayItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period.  The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarExchangeCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Section 14a<br> -Number 240<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SolicitingMaterial</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_TradingSymbol">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_TradingSymbol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:tradingSymbolItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_WrittenCommunications">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_WrittenCommunications</td>
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<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td>duration</td>
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