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Share-Based Compensation (Tables)
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2019
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]  
Schedule of valuation assumptions The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model for stock options granted through the nine months ended September 30, 2019 are as follows:
Risk-Free interest rate
1.69% - 2.50%
Expected dividend yield— %
Expected stock price volatility
28.59% - 37.29%
Expected life of options
2 - 6.25 Years
Discount for lack of marketability
0.0% - 8.48%
Schedule of stock option activity
The following table summarizes the stock option activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2019: 
SharesWeighted-Average Exercise PriceWeighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at December 31, 20183,552,890  $1.575.06$1,149,461
Granted (1)
1,089,000  2.26  
Exercised (2)
(635,500) 1.62  
Expired—  —  
Canceled —  —  
Outstanding at September 30, 20194,006,390  $1.755.89$17,556,185
Exercisable at September 30, 20192,764,073  $1.644.65$12,408,351
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Notes:
(1) Represents the following stock options granted:
•Annual share-based compensation awards on January 2, 2019, including: (a) 600,000 stock options with an exercise price of $1.87 per share granted to executives and key personnel, vesting upon grant, or one year anniversary, or vest annually in equal installments over four years, (b) 300,000 stock options with an exercise price of $1.87 per share granted to the Board of Directors, vesting 25% upon grant and the remaining 75% will vest annually in equal installments over four years, and (c) 24,000 stock options with an exercise price of $1.87 per share granted to employees, vesting annually in equal installments over four years. 
•One-time awards granted on (a) January 2, 2019 of 50,000 stock options with an exercise price of $1.87 per share granted to a contractor, vesting upon one year anniversary, (b) March 7, 2019 of 15,000 stock options with an exercise price of $3.00 per share granted to a contractor, vesting upon one year anniversary, (c) June 25, 2019 of 75,000 stock options with an exercise price of $5.83 per share granted to three members of the Board of Directors, vesting upon one year anniversary, and (d) June 28, 2019 of 25,000 stock options with an exercise price of $6.26 per share granted to the Chief Financial Officer, vesting immediately.
(2) Represents the following stock options exercised:
•A total of 635,500 stock options exercised with a weighted average market price of $1.62, including (a) net share exercise of 440,000 stock options resulting in the issuance of 304,171 shares of common stock, and surrender of 135,829 shares, and (b)195,500 stock options exercised with cash payment.
Schedule of non-cash stock option compensation expense Total non-cash stock option compensation expense was allocated among the following expense categories: 
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2019201820192018
General and administrative$118,754  $51,887  $957,843  $356,024  
Research and development25,426  18,733  76,503  57,616  
Total $144,180  $70,620  $1,034,346  $413,640