<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001213900-17-011082.txt : 20171030
<SEC-HEADER>0001213900-17-011082.hdr.sgml : 20171030
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20171030161837
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001213900-17-011082
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	10-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		83
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20170731
FILED AS OF DATE:		20171030
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20171030

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			Zedge, Inc.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001667313
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	SERVICES-PREPACKAGED SOFTWARE [7372]
		IRS NUMBER:				263199071
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			0731

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		10-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-37782
		FILM NUMBER:		171162542

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		22 CORTLANDT STREET
		STREET 2:		14TH FLOOR
		CITY:			NEW YORK
		STATE:			NY
		ZIP:			10007
		BUSINESS PHONE:		330-577-3424

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		22 CORTLANDT STREET
		STREET 2:		14TH FLOOR
		CITY:			NEW YORK
		STATE:			NY
		ZIP:			10007
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>10-K
<SEQUENCE>1
<FILENAME>f10k2017_zedgeinc.htm
<DESCRIPTION>ANNUAL REPORT
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV ALIGN="LEFT" STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 2pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 100%">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>UNITED
STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 8pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Washington,
D.C. 20549</B>&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 8pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>FORM&nbsp;10-K</B>&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 8pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9746;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Annual Report Pursuant to Section&nbsp;13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 8pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">for
the Fiscal Year Ended July 31, 2017&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 8pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">or&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 8pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9744;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Transition Report Pursuant to Section&nbsp;13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 8pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Commission&nbsp;File
Number: 1-37782&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><U>Zedge,
Inc.</U></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 8pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>(Exact
Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)</I></FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 49%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-right: 0.8pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Delaware</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 2%; padding-right: 0.8pt; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 49%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-right: 0.8pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>26-3199071</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 0.8pt; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>(State
    or Other Jurisdiction of</I><BR>
    <I>Incorporation or Organization)</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-right: 0.8pt; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 0.8pt; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>(I.R.S.
    Employer</I><BR>
    <I>Identification No.)</I></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 1.8pt; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-right: 0.8pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>22
    Cortlandt Street, 14<SUP>th</SUP> Floor, New York, NY</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-right: 0.8pt; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-right: 0.8pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>10007</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 0.8pt; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>(Address
    of Principal Executive Offices)</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-right: 0.8pt; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 0.8pt; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>(Zip
    Code)</I></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center; margin-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><U>(330)
577-3424</U></B>&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: center; margin-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>(Registrant&rsquo;s
Telephone Number, Including Area Code)</I>&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: center; margin-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Securities
registered pursuant to Section&nbsp;12(b) of the Act:</I> <B>None</B>&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: center; margin-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Securities
registered pursuant to Section&nbsp;12(g) of the Act:</I>&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: center; margin-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Class
B Common Stock</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 8pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Indicate
by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule&nbsp;405 of the Securities Act.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes&nbsp;&nbsp;&#9744;&nbsp;&nbsp;No&nbsp;&nbsp;&#9746;&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 8pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Indicate
by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section&nbsp;13 or Section&nbsp;15(d) of the Exchange
Act.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes&nbsp;&nbsp;&#9744;&nbsp;&nbsp;No&nbsp;&nbsp;&#9746;&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 8pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant (1)&nbsp;has filed all reports required to be filed by Section&nbsp;13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12&nbsp;months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file
such reports), and (2)&nbsp;has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90&nbsp;days.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes&nbsp;&nbsp;&#9746;&nbsp;&nbsp;No&nbsp;&nbsp;&#9744;&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 8pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive
Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (&sect; 232.405 of this chapter) during the
preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes&nbsp;&nbsp;&#9746;&nbsp;&nbsp;No&nbsp;&nbsp;&#9744;&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 8pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Indicate
by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item&nbsp;405 of Regulation&nbsp;S-K is not contained herein, and
will not be contained, to the best of registrant&rsquo;s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated
by reference in Part&nbsp;III of this Form&nbsp;10-K or any amendment to this Form&nbsp;10-K.&nbsp;&nbsp;&#9746;&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 8pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting
company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of &ldquo;large accelerated filer,&rdquo; &ldquo;accelerated filer&rdquo;,
&ldquo;smaller reporting company&rdquo; and &ldquo;emerging growth company&rdquo; in Rule&nbsp;12b-2 of the Exchange Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 25%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Large
    accelerated filer </FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9744;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 25%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Accelerated
    filer </FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 6%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9744;&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Non-accelerated
    filer </FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9744;&nbsp;&nbsp;
    (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Smaller
    reporting company </FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9746;&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Emerging
    growth company </FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9746;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 8pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for
complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&#9744;&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 8pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule&nbsp;12b-2 of the Exchange Act).&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes&nbsp;&nbsp;&#9744;&nbsp;&nbsp;No&nbsp;&nbsp;&#9746;&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 8pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, based on the adjusted closing
price on January 31, 2017 (the last business day of the registrant&rsquo;s most recently completed second fiscal quarter) of the
Class B common stock of $3.31 per share, as reported on the New York Stock Exchange, was approximately $23.8 million.&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 8pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of October&nbsp;21, 2017, the registrant had outstanding 524,775 shares of Class A common stock and 9,441,738 shares of Class&nbsp;B
common stock.&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>DOCUMENTS
INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE</B>&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 8pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
definitive proxy statement relating to the registrant&rsquo;s Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be held January 17, 2018, is
incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K to the extent described therein.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV ALIGN="LEFT" STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 2pt solid; width: 100%">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">&nbsp;</DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Index</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Zedge, Inc.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><A NAME="toc"></A>TABLE OF CONTENTS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; width: 10%"><A HREF="#a_001"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">PART I</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-align: center; width: 8%; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 0 0.125in; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item
    1.&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="#a_002"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Business</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 0 0.125in; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item
    1A.&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="#a_003"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Risk Factors</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 0 0.125in; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item&nbsp;2.&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="#a_004"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Properties</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">18</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 0 0.125in; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item&nbsp;3.&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="#a_005"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Legal Proceedings</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">18</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 0 0.125in; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item
    4.&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="#a_006"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mine Safety Disclosures</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">18</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 0 0.125in; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><A HREF="#a_007"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">PART&nbsp;II</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">19</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 0 0.125in; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item&nbsp;5.&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="#a_008"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Market for Registrant&rsquo;s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">19</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 0 0.125in; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item
6.&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="#a_009"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Selected Financial Data.</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">19</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 0 0.125in; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item
    7.&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="#a_010"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Management&rsquo;s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">19</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 0 0.125in; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item
    7A.&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="#a_011"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risks.</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">27</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 0 0.125in; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item
    8.&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="#a_012"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">27</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 0 0.125in; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item
    9.&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="#a_013"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">27</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 0 0.125in; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item
    9A.&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="#a_014"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Controls and Procedures.</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">27</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 0 0.125in; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item
    9B.&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="#a_015"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other Information.</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">28</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 0 0.125in; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><A HREF="#a_016"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">PART&nbsp;III</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">29</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 0 0.125in; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item
    10.&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="#a_017"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant, and Corporate Governance</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">29</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 0 0.125in; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item&nbsp;11.&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="#a_018"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Executive Compensation</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">29</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 0 0.125in; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item
    12.&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="#a_019"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">29</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 0 0.125in; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item
    13.&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="#a_020"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">29</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 0 0.125in; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item&nbsp;14.&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="#a_021"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Principal Accounting Fees and Services</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">29</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 0 0.125in; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><A HREF="#a_022"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">PART IV</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">30</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 0 0.125in; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item
    15.&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="#a_023"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules.</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">30</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 0 0.125in; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><A HREF="#a_024"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">SIGNATURES</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">32</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">&nbsp;</DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><A NAME="a_001"></A><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>PART
I</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
used in this Annual Report, unless the context otherwise requires, the terms the &ldquo;Company,&rdquo; &ldquo;Zedge,&rdquo; &ldquo;we,&rdquo;
&ldquo;us,&rdquo; and &ldquo;our&rdquo; refer to Zedge, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its subsidiaries, collectively. Our
fiscal year runs from August 1 through July 31. Each reference to a fiscal year in this Annual Report refers to the fiscal year
ending in the calendar year indicated (for example, fiscal 2017 refers to the fiscal year ended July&nbsp;31, 2017).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><A NAME="a_002"></A><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Item
1.&nbsp;&nbsp;Business</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Company
Overview</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
provide one of the most popular content distribution platforms, worldwide, centered on self-expression, attracting both creators
looking to promote their content and consumers who utilize such content to express their identity, feelings, tastes and interests.
Users primarily access our content via our smartphone app, called Zedge, which offers an easy and modular way to customize smart
phones. Depending on the phone&rsquo;s mobile operating system, our Zedge app users are able to select personalization content
from all or some of the following categories: ringtones, alarms, notification sounds, wallpapers, home screen widgets and app
icons. In each category, we offer a wide array of high-quality, free content and content recommendations.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
Zedge smartphone app, available in the Google Play and iTunes app stores, was installed over 273 million times and had more than
31 million monthly active users, or MAUs, as of July 31, 2017. Our Zedge app has averaged among the top 30 free applications in
the Google Play store in the United States and in the iTunes Entertainment category for the past five years. MAU is a performance
indicator that captures the number of unique users that opened our app in the previous 30-day period. Zedge has grown its user
base without material investment in marketing, user acquisition or advertising.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">According
to a 2014 study conducted by <I>Business Intelligence</I>, mobile users want highly personalized smartphone experiences. Furthermore,
in January 2016, Flurry Analytics revealed that personalization apps saw their sessions increase more than 332% in 2015. Although
much of this growth was attributable to Emoji keyboards,&nbsp;the appeal for personalization is evident from their research. We
believe that our Zedge app&rsquo;s popularity stems from its ability to fulfill the demand for smartphone personalization by offering
a large and diverse content catalogue, providing an intuitive and user-friendly experience and rendering the content in a customized
and personally relevant manner. To this end, we invest heavily in both product design and development and the underlying technology
required to satisfy our user&rsquo;s expectations. As a result of our Zedge app&rsquo;s large, active user base, we offer advertisers,
marketers, consumer brands and content providers, including, musicians, artists and brands a powerful way to engage with their
prospects and customers.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
Zedge app does all of this without handing over core elements of the native operating system to a third party or overwhelming
the user with a myriad of complex options. Once installed, the app does not require the user to utilize or install additional
apps. As a result, the app provides an intuitive experience that allows the user to maintain the control that we believe he or
she desires.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of July 31, 2017, approximately 32% of our Zedge app&rsquo;s user base was located in North America and 21% in Europe.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition to our Zedge app, we introduced a standalone wallpaper app in iTunes in March 2016 that offers free wallpapers, a standalone
ringtone app in iTunes in December 2016 that offers free ringtones and a premium ringtone app in April 2017 that features for-purchase
remixes of music from chart-topping artists.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
generate over 90% of our revenues from selling our advertising inventory to advertising networks, advertising exchanges, and direct
arrangements with advertisers. Advertising networks and advertising exchanges are third-party technology platforms that facilitate
the buying and selling of media advertising inventory from multiple ad networks. The price of advertising inventory is fixed on
an advertising network whereas the price for inventory is determined through bidding on an advertising exchange. Advertisers are
attracted to us because of our sizable user base and our focus on mobile phone personalization. The remainder of our revenue is
primarily generated from our managing and optimizing the advertising inventory of a third-party mobile application publisher,
as well as overseeing the billing, collections and reporting related to advertising for this publisher.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">During
fiscal 2017, we generated revenues of $10.0 million and loss from operations of $0.7 million, compared to revenues of $11.1 million
and income from operations of $1.2 million in fiscal year 2016.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">During
fiscal 2017, MoPub (owned by Twitter) represented 43% of our revenue, Google represented 17% of our revenue and Facebook represented
10% of our revenue, as compared with 45%, 20% and 13%, respectively, during fiscal 2016.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 3; Options: NewSection; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->1<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Recent
Developments</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
September 2017, we entered into an Agreement and Release with Freeform Development, Inc. (&ldquo;Freeform&rdquo;) and certain
of its former employees, pursuant to which we obtained releases for the employees from their Freeform employment agreements in
exchange for the repayment of Freeform&rsquo;s liabilities. We paid Freeform $125,000 in cash to pay its operating liabilities
(with any excess to be refunded to us), and we paid the holders of Freeform&rsquo;s convertible promissory notes cash of $97,567
and issued the noteholders a total of 126,679 shares of our Class B common stock, which are subject to a two-year lock-up agreement.
In addition, we issued a total of 192,953 shares of our Class B common stock to former employees of Freeform and those employees
entered into an Employment Agreement with us. The aggregate consideration paid by us was $833,000, consisting of cash of $223,000
and 319,632 shares of our Class B common stock with a fair market value of $611,000 on the date of issue. The 192,953 shares that
were issued to former employees of Freeform employees vest equally over four years, contingent upon them remaining employees of
Zedge.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of November 16, 2016, we entered into a Foreign Exchange Agreement with Western Alliance Bank to allow us to enter into foreign
exchange contracts not to exceed $5.0 million in the aggregate at any point in time under its revolving credit facility. The available
borrowing under the revolving credit facility is reduced by an applicable foreign exchange reserve percentage as determined by
Western Alliance Bank, in its reasonable discretion from time to time, which was initially set at 10% of the nominal amount of
the foreign exchange contracts in effect at the relevant time. In December 2016, the applicable foreign exchange reserve percentage
was changed so that the reduction of available borrowing for major currency forward contracts of less than six months tenor is
set at 10% of the nominal amount of the foreign exchange contracts, and for contracts over six months tenor, 12.5% of the nominal
amount of the foreign exchange contracts. At July 31, 2017, there were $2.0 million of outstanding foreign exchange contracts
with less than six months tenor under the credit facility, and no contracts of greater than six months tenor, which reduced the
available borrowing under the revolving credit facility by $200,000.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
September 2016, we entered into a loan and security agreement with Western Alliance Bank for a revolving credit facility of up
to $2.5 million. Advances under this facility may not exceed the lesser of $2.5 million or 80% of our eligible accounts receivable
subject to certain concentration limits. The revolving credit facility is secured by a lien on substantially all of our assets.
The principal outstanding bears interest per annum at the greater of 3.5% or the prime rate plus 1.25%. Interest is payable monthly
and the facility matures in September 2018. We are required to pay an annual facility fee of $12,500 to Western Alliance Bank.
We are also required to comply with various affirmative and negative covenants as well as maintain certain financial ratios during
the term of the revolving credit facility, including we may not pay any dividend on our capital stock. We may terminate this agreement
at any time without penalty or premium provided that we pay down any outstanding principal, accrued interest and bank expenses.
At July 31, 2017, there were no amounts outstanding under the revolving credit facility and we were in compliance with all of
the covenants.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Our
Competitive Advantage</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
believe that the following competitive strengths drive the growth of our business:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Leading
    global provider of mobile personalization content</I>. We offer our leading mobile device personalization app, called Zedge,
    globally, enabling users to easily personalize their mobile phones with a wide variety of free, high-quality ringtones, wallpapers,
    app icons, home screen widgets and notification sounds. Our Zedge app has averaged in the top 30 free applications in the
    Google Play store and in the iTunes Entertainment category in the United States since 2012. In December 2015, Google Play
    selected Zedge as one of the &ldquo;Best Apps of 2015&rdquo; in United States, Canada, Brazil, United Kingdom, Australia,
    Middle East and North Africa. As such, we believe that our Zedge app is well positioned for continued growth and leadership
    in the personalization space.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>High-quality
    product</I>. We believe that our Zedge app provides our customers with a high-quality product and superior user experience.
    We believe that our success has resulted from prioritizing the customer&rsquo;s needs and that this focus is critical for
    our long-term growth and expansion. To this end, we invest significant resources in product development, design and usability.
    We beta test product enhancements extensively and closely monitor customer feedback to ensure that we meet user needs. We
    strive to remain relevant not only by offering a wide array of excellent content but also by providing the content in a personally
    germane way. Our high user ranking validates our product-oriented focus. As of July 31, 2017, our Zedge app enjoyed an overall
    user rating of 4.6 stars out of a maximum of 5 stars in the Google Play store with more than 4.0 million five star ratings
    out of a total of approximately 5.4 million ratings.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Large,
    global customer base</I>. We benefit from our Zedge app having a large customer base of more than 31 million MAUs. As of July
    31, 2017, approximately 32% of our Zedge app&rsquo;s users were in North America and 21% in Europe, regions that we believe
    provide for preferred monetization opportunities because we believe that these demographics are more attractive to advertisers.
    Our Zedge app is one of approximately 200 Android apps, globally, that has surpassed 100 million installs. To serve our global
    user base, our Android Zedge app is available in 12 languages. Our Zedge app&rsquo;s global footprint helps us to secure a
    highly diverse portfolio of content addressing various customer tastes and preferences. In addition, our Zedge app&rsquo;s
    customer base attracts advertisers and game publishers seeking affluent markets where customers have adequate disposable income
    to purchase their products and services.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 4; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->2<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Employees</I>.
    We have attracted and retained employees with solid educational and professional credentials who are passionate about Zedge
    and its mission to serve as a medium for self-expression. Our culture is one of respect where we empower our employees to
    be creative, allowing them to make good decisions to try to accomplish great things.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Management
    team</I>. We have an experienced and stable management team with a strong track record of execution and a deep knowledge of
    the mobile app landscape. Our core management team possesses a solid understanding of the mobile app universe, product design
    and development, operations and monetization. Collectively, our management team has proven its ability in building and scaling
    our business, globally, in a fiscally viable fashion.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Technology
    and infrastructure</I>. We pride ourselves on building scalable technology that reliably serves tens of millions of MAUs.
    We use a combination of off-the-shelf and proprietary technologies and infrastructure solutions that scale efficiently to
    meet the needs of our expanding customer base.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Our
Strategy</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
strive to become the world&rsquo;s leading platform for helping people express their identity through digital content. To achieve
this, we are concentrating our efforts on the following goals:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Continue
    growing our user base, globally</I>. We expect to continue devoting material resources in growing our user base by:</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">studying
    user needs and enhancing our flagship Zedge app to meet those needs;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">selectively
    and opportunistically implementing user acquisition campaigns;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">expanding
    into new markets by localizing and collaborating with regionally relevant strategic partners; and</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">developing
    and offering new and exciting products and services that extend beyond our current flagship Zedge app.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Ongoing
    product and technology investment</I>. We plan to make continued investment in the core product feature sets and functionalities
    that have positioned us as a leader in the personalization space. In addition, we will invest in new technology initiatives
    that we believe will provide value to our users.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Increase
    our marketing efforts</I>. Historically, we haven&rsquo;t invested materially in marketing initiatives. Going forward, we
    envision the need to better promote our brand and amplify our voice. We also envisage entering into commercial relationships
    with major brands, movie studios, music labels and pop culture influencers to enhance our value proposition. Furthermore,
    we will also invest in app store optimization, search, marketing automation, social marketing and community management in
    order to retain and expand our customer base.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Improve
    monetization</I>. We will continue exploring additional monetization methods including in-app purchases, subscription models,
    e-commerce, new advertising products and brand sponsorships. We believe that our large and expanding customer base is an attractive
    medium for advertisers, brands and content holders and this will generate new monetization opportunities over time.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Selectively
    pursue strategic investments and acquisitions</I>. On a selective basis we will look to invest in or purchase entities that
    can provide synergistic growth opportunities. We expect our Freeform acquihire, entered into in October 2017, to accelerate
    the launch and development of Zedge&rsquo;s marketplace where artists will generate revenue when availing our users to their
    content. The Zedge marketplace is important to our strategy as it is expected to drive user growth, increase engagement and
    introduce new revenue streams. We plan to leverage our understanding of the industry to pursue additional opportunities that
    we believe can have a material positive impact on our business.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 5; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->3<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Our
History</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
2003, Tom Arnoy, Kenneth Sundnes and Paul Shaw launched a consumer website that people could use to upload and download ringtones.
Traffic to the website grew, primarily by word of mouth, drawing customers from the emerging markets. In December 2006, IDT acquired
90% of Zedge Limited, a UK-based company. Zedge Holdings, Inc. was incorporated in Delaware in 2008.&nbsp; On September 18, 2008,
Zedge Limited, Tom Arnoy, Kenneth Sundnes and IDT entered into a Conversion Agreement, converting the equity in Zedge Ltd. to
Zedge Holdings, Inc.&nbsp;and on September 23, 2008, IDT purchased 94,750 shares of Zedge Holdings&rsquo; Series B Preferred Stock
for $1,000,000.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
2010, IDT and Shaman II, L.P. invested an additional $1.7 million in Zedge Holdings, Inc. Over a two-year period in 2011 and 2012,
IDT and Shaman II, L.P. invested an additional $2.35 million in Zedge Holdings, Inc. In January 2016, Zedge Holdings, Inc.&rsquo;s
name was changed to Zedge, Inc.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
late 2009, we introduced our Android Zedge app. The Zedge app provided ease-of-use by negating the need for the customer to first
download a ringtone or wallpaper to their computer and then upload that content to their mobile phone.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
late 2011, Tom Arnoy was promoted to our Chief Executive Officer and Jonathan Reich was retained as our Chief Operating Officer.
We improved our underlying technology. We launched our iOS Zedge app in 2013, followed by launch of our Windows Mobile Zedge app
in 2014.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">During
2014 and 2015, our Zedge app introduced app icons, social sharing features and marketing automation capabilities. In addition,
we began localizing our Zedge app by not only expanding the number of languages it supported but also by launching localized versions
of its Google Play listings. As of July 31, 2016, our Zedge app is available in the following 12 languages: Chinese, English,
French, German, Indonesian, Japanese, Korean, Norwegian, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, and Turkish.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Our
Technology</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have developed a scalable distributed platform that is comprised of both open source and proprietary technologies centered on
content management and discovery, web and app development, data mining and analytics, deep learning, mobile content/device compatibility,
advertising and reporting. From an end user&rsquo;s perspective, the platform minimizes response latency while maximizing content
relevancy and discoverability. We optimize by utilizing systems, algorithms and heuristics that organize the content based upon
real user data and that render the content in a relevant fashion. Our architecture provides a fully redundant production environment
that can tolerate multiple server failures with minimal end-user disruption. It utilizes a variety of bare-metal and cloud-hosted
servers and services; a mix that we find gives the right balance between performance, scalability, flexibility, cost and ease
of use.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Competition</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
Zedge app faces competition across many different fronts including:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Mobile
    personalization products</I>. Generally, our Zedge app competes with other mobile app developers. More specifically, ringtones,
    wallpapers and app icons are a commodity, and many smaller app developers and websites offer both free and paid ringtones,
    wallpapers and app icons. In addition, other Android apps offer users a limited set of similar personalization options when
    compared to our Zedge app. We believe that our Zedge app has a competitive advantage in this space due to its large user base,
    its modular approach that allows the customer to selectively choose what they would like to personalize without handing over
    the core elements of the native operating system to a third party and overwhelming the user with a myriad of complex options,
    its large content catalogue, its proprietary recommendation engine, its market ranking and its longevity. We are unaware of
    any service that hosts a content library as extensive as our Zedge app&rsquo;s library, or that curates the content in such
    a relevant and easy-to-use fashion.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Advertisers</I>.
    We face significant competition for advertising spend on our Zedge app from both digital media providers and traditional media
    outlets, including television, radio and print.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Intellectual
Property</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
trademarks, copyrights, domain names, proprietary technology, knowhow and other intellectual property are vital to our success.
We seek to protect our intellectual property rights by relying on federal, state and common law rights in the United States and
other countries, as well as contractual restrictions. We enter into confidentiality and nondisclosure agreements with our employees
and business partners. The agreements we enter into with our employees also provide that all software, inventions, developments,
works of authorship and trade secrets created by them during the course of their employment are our property.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have been granted trademark protection for &ldquo;Zedge&rdquo; in the United States, European Union, United Kingdom and Canada
and for &ldquo;Tonesync&rdquo; in the United States and European Union. We also have applied for trademark protection for &ldquo;We
make phones personal&rdquo; and &ldquo;Tattoo your phone&rdquo; in the United States and &ldquo;Zedge&rdquo; in India as well
as for copyright protection for our flagship app, Zedge. In addition, we have registered, amongst others, the following domain
names: <I>www.zedge.net</I> and <I>www.zedge.com</I>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 6; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->4<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Employees</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of July 31, 2017, we had 64 full-time employees.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Facilities</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
principal executive office is located in a leased premise comprising approximately 500 square feet of space in New York City.
This location currently houses commercial operations including sales, marketing, business development and ad operations. Our Trondheim,
Norway facility with approximately 11,500 square feet of space accommodates our product, design and technology teams and is under
lease through 2018. We entered into a lease in October 2014 for approximately 400 square feet of office space in Helsinki, Finland,
where we employ a satellite development center. Our servers are hosted in leased data centers in different geographic locations
in the United States. These data centers are owned and maintained by a third-party data center provider.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><A NAME="a_003"></A><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Item
1A.&nbsp;&nbsp;Risk Factors</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Our
business, operating results or financial condition could be materially adversely affected by any of the following risks associated
with any one of our businesses, as well as the other risks highlighted elsewhere in this document, particularly the discussions
about competition. The trading price of our Class B common stock could decline due to any of these risks. Note that references
to &ldquo;our&rdquo;, &ldquo;us&rdquo;, &ldquo;we&rdquo;, etc. used in each risk factor below refers to the business about which
such risk factor is provided.</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>If
we fail to attract advertisers or if our advertisers reduce their spending with us, our revenues, profitability and prospects
may be materially and adversely affected.</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I></I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
each of fiscal 2016 and 2017, over 90% of our revenues were generated from selling advertising inventory. We anticipate that our
growth and profitability will continue to depend on our ability to sell advertising inventory. Companies that advertise via our
apps may choose to utilize other channels. If the size of the mobile advertising market does not increase from current levels,
or if we are unable to capture and retain a sufficient share of that market, our ability to maintain or increase our current level
of advertising revenues and our profitability and prospects could be materially and adversely affected.&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>The
mobile advertising market may deteriorate or develop more slowly than expected, which could harm our business.&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mobile
connected devices, especially smartphones, are generally a new advertising medium. Advertisers have historically spent a smaller
portion of their advertising budgets on mobile media as compared to traditional advertising methods, such as television, newspapers,
radio and billboards, or online advertising over the internet, such as placing banner ads on websites. Future demand and market
acceptance for mobile advertising is uncertain. Many advertisers still have limited experience with mobile advertising and may
continue to devote larger portions of their advertising budgets to more traditional offline or online personal computer-based
advertising, instead of shifting additional advertising resources to mobile advertising. In addition, our current and potential
advertiser clients may ultimately find mobile advertising to be less effective than traditional advertising media or marketing
methods or other technologies for promoting their products and services, and they may even reduce their spending on mobile advertising
from current levels as a result. If the market for mobile advertising deteriorates, or develops more slowly than we expect, we
may not be able to increase our revenue.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>If
mobile connected devices, their operating systems or content distribution channels develop in ways that prevent users from downloading
our app or block advertising from being delivered to our users, our ability to grow our business will be impaired.&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
business model depends upon the continued compatibility between our Zedge app and the major mobile operating systems. Third parties
with whom we do not have any formal relationships control the design of mobile devices and operating systems. These parties frequently
introduce new devices, and from time to time they may introduce new operating systems or modify existing ones. Network carriers,
including but not limited to Verizon, AT&amp;T or T-Mobile, may also impact the ability to download apps or access specified content
on mobile devices.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
rely upon third-party distribution platforms, including Google Play and iTunes, for distribution of our apps. Google Play and
iTunes are global application distribution platforms and the main distribution channels for our Zedge app. As such, the promotion,
distribution and operation of our apps are subject to the respective distribution platforms&rsquo; standard terms and policies
for application developers, which are very broad and subject to frequent changes and interpretation. Furthermore, the distribution
platforms may not enforce their standard terms and policies for application developers consistently and uniformly across all applications
and with all publishers. In late January 2016, iTunes removed our Zedge app from their store claiming a policy violation. Although
we didn&rsquo;t agree with their interpretation, we modified the iTunes version of our Zedge app and published a remediated version
in March 2016. During this period prospective iOS users were unable to download our Zedge app yet existing users (i.e. users that
had already installed the app on their iPhone) were still able to utilize it. Our business has not fully recovered from this censure.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 7; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->5<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition, if any of these providers were to limit or disable advertising on their platforms, devices or operating systems, either
because of technological constraints or because a maker of these devices, developer of these operating systems or owner of these
distribution platforms wished to impair our ability to serve ads on them, our ability to generate revenue could be significantly
harmed. Also, technologies may be developed that can block the display of our ads. Most of our revenues are derived from fees
paid to us by advertisers in connection with the display of ads in our mobile apps. As a result, ad-blocking technology could,
in the future, adversely affect our operating results.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>We
may incur net losses and experience negative cash flow from operating activities in the future and may not be able to obtain additional
capital in a timely manner or on acceptable terms, or at all.</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I></I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
fiscal 2017, we incurred net losses, compared to generating net income in fiscal 2016. While we were profitable in fiscal 2016
we may continue to incur net losses in the future as we grow our business. In addition, we experienced negative cash flow from
operating activities of $0.1 million in fiscal 2017, compared with positive cash flow from operating activities of $1.8 million
in fiscal 2016. Although we generated positive cash flow from operating activities in prior periods, we may continue experience
negative cash flows in the future.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
ability to achieve and maintain profitability and positive cash flow from operating activities depends on various factors, including
but not limited to, the acceptance of our products and services by mobile internet users, the growth and maintenance of our user
base, our ability to maintain existing and obtain new advertisers, our ability to grow our revenues and the effectiveness of our
selling and marketing activities as well as control our costs and expenses. We may not be able to achieve or sustain profitability
or positive cash flow from operating activities, and if we achieve positive operating cash flow, it may not be sufficient to satisfy
our anticipated capital expenditures and other cash needs. As such, we may not be able to fund our operating expenses and expenditures
and may be unable to fulfill our financial obligations as they become due, which may result in voluntary or involuntary dissolution
or liquidation proceeding of our company and a total loss of your investment.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>We
have limited resources and could find it difficult to raise additional capital.&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
were formerly a majority-owned subsidiary of IDT Corporation. On June 1, 2016, IDT&rsquo;s interest in us was spun-off by IDT
to IDT&rsquo;s stockholders and we became an independent public company through a pro rata distribution of our common stock held
by IDT to IDT&rsquo;s stockholders (the Spin-Off). As a result of the Spin-Off, we are independent from IDT.&nbsp;We have a limited
operating history as an independent company, and no current sources of financing other than the $2.5 million credit facility with
Western Alliance Bank entered into in September 2016. Any financing formerly provided to us by IDT is no longer available. We
may need to raise additional capital for operations and in order for stockholders to realize increased value on our securities.
Given the current global economy and other factors, there can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain the necessary funding
on commercially reasonable terms in a timely fashion or at all. Failure to receive the funding on commercially reasonable terms,
or the failure to receive funding at all, could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, and financial condition.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Our
limited operating history makes it difficult to evaluate our business and prospects and may increase your investment risk.</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have only a limited operating history upon which you can evaluate our business and prospects. Although we have experienced significant
revenue growth in certain recent periods, we were not able to sustain this growth in fiscal 2017 when our revenue declined. As
part of the nascent mobile advertising industry, we will encounter risks and difficulties frequently encountered by early-stage
companies in rapidly evolving industries, including the need to:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">maintain
    our reputation and build trust with our advertiser and developer clients;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">offer
    competitive pricing to both advertisers and developers;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">maintain
    and expand our network of advertising space through which we deliver mobile advertising campaigns;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">deliver
    advertising results that are superior to those that advertisers or developers could achieve directly or through the use of
    competing providers or technologies;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">continue
    to develop and upgrade the technologies that enable us to provide mobile advertising services;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">respond
    to evolving government regulations relating to the internet, telecommunications, privacy, direct marketing and advertising
    aspects of our business;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">identify,
    attract, retain and motivate qualified personnel; and</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">manage
    our expanding operations.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 8; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->6<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
we do not successfully address these risks, our revenue could continue to decline and our ability to pursue our growth strategy
and attain profitability could be compromised.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Our
historical financial information may not be indicative of our future results as an independent company.</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
historical financial information may not reflect what our results of operations, financial position and cash flows would have
been had we been an independent company during the prior periods presented or be indicative of what our results of operations,
financial position and cash flows may be in the future now that we are an independent company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>If
we fail to maintain and enhance our brand, or if we incur excessive expenses in this effort, our business, results of operations
and prospects may be materially and adversely affected.&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
believe that maintaining and enhancing our brand is of significant importance to the success of our business. Historically, we
have not made material investments in this effort. Yet, we believe that enhancing the recognition and reputation of our brand
is important to our future success and ability to compete. A well-recognized brand is important to increasing the number of users
and enhancing our attractiveness to advertisers and business partners. Brand recognition and enhancement may directly affect our
ability to maintain our market position.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Many
factors, some of which are beyond our control, are important to maintaining and enhancing our brand and may negatively impact
our brand and reputation if not properly managed, such as:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
    ability to maintain an easy and reliable user experience as user preferences evolve and as we expand into new service categories
    and new service lines;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
    ability to increase brand awareness among existing and potential users, advertisers and content providers through various
    marketing and promotional activities;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
    ability to adopt new technologies or adapt our products and services to meet user needs or emerging industry standards; and</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
    ability to distinguish our Zedge app from the competition and maintain this distinction.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the future we may conduct various marketing and brand promotion activities to expand our brand. Some of these may require material
investment. We cannot assure you, however, that these activities will be successful or that we will be able to achieve the brand
promotion effect we expect. In addition, any negative publicity in relation to our mobile internet products or services could
harm our brand and reputation.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have sometimes received, and expect to continue to receive, complaints from users regarding the quality of our products and services.
If our users&rsquo; complaints are not addressed to their satisfaction, our reputation and our market position could be significantly
harmed, which may materially and adversely affect our business and prospects.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>We
may not be able to continually meet user demand and retain or expand our user base.</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Although
we constantly monitor and research user needs, we may be unable to meet user demand on an ongoing basis or anticipate future user
demands. A decrease in the number of users of our products and services may have a material and adverse effect on our ability
to sell advertising and on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In order to attract and retain users and
remain competitive, we must continue to innovate our products and services, improve user experience, and implement new technologies
and functionalities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
mobile internet business is characterized by constant changes, including but not limited to rapid technological evolution, continual
shifts in user demands, frequent introductions of new products and services and constant emergence of new industry standards and
practices. As a result, users may leave us for our competitors&rsquo; products and services more quickly than in other sectors.
Thus our success will depend, in part, on our ability to respond to these changes on a timely and cost-effective basis, including
improving and marketing our existing products and services and developing and pricing new products and services in response to
evolving user needs. Our ability to successfully retain or expand our user base will depend on our ability to achieve the following,
among others:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">anticipate
    and effectively respond to the growing number of mobile internet users in general and our Zedge app&rsquo;s users in particular;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">attract,
    retain and motivate talented application designers, product managers and engineers who have experience developing personalization
    products or other mobile internet products and services;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">effectively
    market our existing and new mobile internet products in response to evolving user needs;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">develop
    in a timely fashion and launch new products and features in our Zedge app, and develop and launch other mobile internet products
    cost-effectively;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">further
    improve our platform to provide a compelling and optimal user experience through integration of products and services provided
    by existing and new third-party developers or business partners; and</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">continue
    to provide quality content to attract and retain users and advertisers.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 9; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->7<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
cannot assure you that our existing products and services will remain sufficiently popular with our users. We may be unsuccessful
in adding compelling new enhancements; products and services to further diversify our product offerings. Unexpected technical,
commercial or operational problems could delay or prevent the introduction of one or more of our new products or services. Moreover,
we cannot be sure that any of our new products and services will achieve widespread market acceptance or generate incremental
revenue the way our existing Zedge app has. If we fail to continue to achieve sufficient user satisfaction through our products
or services or our products and services fail to meet our expectation to maintain and expand our user base, our business, results
of operations and financial condition will be materially and adversely affected.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Our
Zedge app&rsquo;s user base is heavily weighted to the Android operating system and our revenues may suffer if the market demand
for Android smartphones decreases.</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I></I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
Zedge app&rsquo;s user base is heavily weighted to smartphones running the Android operating system, which constituted approximately
92% of our monthly active mobile app users and most of our revenues as of July 31, 2017. Any significant downturn in the overall
demand for Android smartphones or the use of Android smartphones could significantly and adversely affect the demand for our Zedge
app and would materially affect our revenues. Although the Android smartphone market has grown rapidly in recent years, it is
uncertain whether the Android smartphone market will continue growing at a similar rate in the future. In addition, due to the
constantly evolving nature of the smartphone industry, another operating system for smartphones may eclipse the Android operating
system and result in a decline in its popularity, which would likely adversely affect our Zedge app&rsquo;s popularity. To the
extent that our Zedge app continues to be operated on Android smartphones and to the extent that our future revenues substantially
depend on the use and sales of Android smartphones, our business would be vulnerable to any downturns in the Android smartphone
market.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>We
may not be able to effectively manage our growth or implement our future business strategies, in which case our business and results
of operations may be materially and adversely affected.&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
continued success depends on our ability to grow organically and our strategic cooperation with third-party partners. We have
experienced periods of significant rapid growth and expansion that has placed, and continues to place, significant strain on our
management and resources. We cannot assure you that these periods will recur or be sustainable. We believe that continued growth
will depend on our ability to develop and enhance our products and services, attract new users, retain existing users, continue
developing innovative technologies in response to user demand, increase brand awareness through marketing and promotional activities,
react to changes in market trends, expand into new market segments, attract new advertisers, retain existing advertisers and take
advantage of the growth in the relevant markets. We cannot assure you that we will achieve any of the above.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">To
manage our growth and attain and maintain profitability, we will also need to further expand, train, manage and motivate our workforce
and manage our relationships with users, consultants, business partners and advertisers. We anticipate that we will need to implement
a variety of enhanced and upgraded operational and financial systems, procedures and controls, including the improvement of our
accounting and other internal management systems. All of these endeavors involve risks and will require substantial management
efforts and skills and additional expenditures. In addition, we currently enjoy a global customer base. This geographic diversification
may raise the level of difficulty in managing our growth and profitability. We cannot assure you that our current and planned
personnel, systems, procedures and controls will be adequate to support our future operations. In addition, we cannot assure you
that we will be able to effectively manage our growth or implement our future business strategies effectively, and failure to
do so may materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
products may contain errors, flaws or failures that may only become apparent after their release, especially in terms of updates
to our Zedge app. From time to time we receive user feedback in connection with errors, flaws or failures and such errors, flaws
or failures may also come to our attention during our internal testing process. We generally have been able to resolve such errors,
flaws or failures in a timely manner, but we cannot assure you that we will be able to detect and resolve all of them effectively
or in a timely manner. Errors, flaws or failures in our services and products may adversely affect user experience and cause our
users to stop using our services and products, which could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>We
do not have long-term agreements with our advertisers, and we may be unable to retain existing advertisers, attract new advertisers
or replace departing advertiser with advertisers that can provide comparable revenue to us.&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
success requires us to maintain and expand our current advertiser relationships and to develop new relationships. Our contracts
with our advertising partners generally do not include long-term obligations requiring them to purchase our inventory and are
cancelable upon short or no notice and without penalty. Furthermore, the majority of our advertisers buy our inventory via third-party
platforms and bidding exchanges that own the relationship with the advertiser. As a result, we may have limited visibility as
to our future advertising revenue streams. We cannot assure you that our advertisers will continue to purchase our inventory,
or that we will be able to replace, in a timely or effective manner, departing advertisers with new advertisers that generate
comparable revenue. If a major advertiser representing a significant portion of our business decides to materially reduce its
advertising spend with us or cease purchasing our advertising inventory, our revenue could be significantly reduced.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 10; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->8<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>We
face competition in all aspects of our business. If we fail to compete effectively or if our reputation is damaged, our business,
financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I></I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Although
we are currently a leading platform for smartphone personalization, we cannot guarantee that we will be able to maintain this
position in the future. We face potential competition from other mobile internet companies and smartphone manufacturers, and new
market entrants may also emerge. If we are not able to differentiate our business from that of our competitors, drive value for
our customers, and/or effectively align our resources with our goals and objectives, we may not be able to compete effectively
against our competitors. Our failure to compete effectively against any of the foregoing competitive threats could materially
and adversely harm our business. Increased competition may result in new products and offerings which may in turn require us to
take actions to retain and attract our users and advertisers in such a fashion which would lower gross margins. If we fail to
compete effectively, our market share would decrease and our results of operations would be materially and adversely affected.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
we are not able to effectively compete in any aspect of our business or if our reputation is harmed by rumors or allegations regarding
our business or business practices, our overall user base may decrease, making us less attractive to advertisers. We may be required
to spend additional resources to further increase our brand recognition and promote our products and services, and such additional
spending could adversely affect our profitability.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>If
we fail to keep up with rapid technological changes in the internet and smartphone industries, our results and future growth may
be adversely affected.</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I></I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
internet industry and smartphone industries are characterized by rapid and innovative technological changes. Our future success
will depend, in part, on our ability to respond to fast changing technologies, adapt our products and services to evolving industry
standards and improve the performance, functionality and reliability of our products and services. Our failure to continue to
adapt to such changes could harm our business. If we are slow to develop products and services that are compatible with smartphones,
or if the products and services we develop are not widely accepted and used by smartphone users, we may not be able to capture
a significant share of this important market. In addition, the widespread adoption of new internet, networking or telecommunications
technologies or other technological changes for smartphones could require substantial expenditures to modify or adapt our products,
services or infrastructure. If we fail to keep up with rapid and innovative technological changes to remain competitive, our future
growth may be adversely affected and our results of operations would be materially and adversely affected.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Our
international operations and availability expose us to additional risks that could harm our business, operating results, and financial
condition.&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition to uncertainty about our ability to continue expanding and monetizing internationally, there are additional risks inherent
in doing business internationally including:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">tariffs,
    trade barriers, customs classifications and changes in trade regulations;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">difficulties
    in developing, staffing, and simultaneously managing foreign operations as a result of distance, language, and cultural differences;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">stringent
    local labor laws and regulations;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">strict
    and unclear laws around data privacy;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">longer
    payment cycles;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">credit
    risk and higher levels of payment fraud;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">profit
    repatriation restrictions and foreign currency exchange restrictions;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">political
    or social unrest, economic instability, repression, or human rights issues;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">geopolitical
    events, including natural disasters, acts of war and terrorism;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">import
    or export regulations;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">compliance
    with U.S. laws such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, and local laws prohibiting bribery and corrupt payments to government
    officials;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">antitrust
    and competition regulations;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">potentially
    adverse tax developments;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">seasonal
    volatility in business activity and local economic conditions;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">economic
    uncertainties relating to European sovereign and other debt;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 11; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->9<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">laws,
    regulations, licensing requirements, and business practices that favor local competitors or prohibit foreign ownership or
    investments;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">laws,
    regulations or rulings that block access to Zedge;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">different,
    uncertain or more stringent user protection, content, data protection, privacy, intellectual property and other laws; and</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">risks
    related to other government regulation, required compliance with local laws or lack of legal precedent.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are subject to numerous and sometimes conflicting U.S. and foreign laws and regulations that increase our cost of doing business.
Violations of these complex laws and regulations that apply to our international operations could result in damage awards, fines,
criminal actions, sanctions, or penalties against us, our officers or our employees, prohibitions on the conduct of our business
and our ability to offer products and services, and damage to our reputation. Although we have implemented policies and procedures
designed to promote compliance with these laws, there can be no assurance that our employees, contractors, or agents will not
violate our policies or that our policies will be sufficient. These risks inherent in our international operations and expansion
increase our costs of doing business internationally and could result in harm to our business, operating results, and financial
condition.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Companies
and governmental agencies may restrict access to our website or mobile apps, or the internet generally, which could lead to the
loss or slower growth of our player base.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
users need to access the internet and in particular our website or mobile application. Companies and governmental agencies, could
block access to our website or mobile application or the internet generally. For example, in 2013 the Indian courts issued orders
restraining internet service providers from providing access to various internet domains including Zedge&rsquo;s. Access to our
Zedge app through any mode has been blocked in many parts of India since February 2013 as discussed more fully in the Legal Proceedings
section below. If companies or governmental entities block or limit access to our Zedge app or otherwise adopt policies restricting
access to our advertiser&rsquo;s products and services our business could be negatively impacted resulting in a loss or slow-down
of user base growth and/or revenues.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Our
core values of focusing on our users first and acting for the long-term may conflict with the short-term interests of our business.</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">One
of our core values is a focus on the user&rsquo;s experience, which we believe is essential to our success and serves the best,
long-term interests of us and our stakeholders. Therefore, we have made, in the past and/or may make in the future, significant
investments or changes in strategy that we think will benefit our users, even if our decision negatively impacts our operating
results in the short term. In addition, our philosophy of putting our users first may cause disagreements or negatively impact
our relationships with advertisers or other third parties. Our decisions may not result in the long-term benefits that we expect,
in which case the success of our business and operating results could be harmed.&#8232;&#8232;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Legal
proceedings or allegations of impropriety could have a material adverse impact on our reputation, results of operations, financial
condition and liquidity.&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have been, and may be in the future, subject to allegations or lawsuits by entities claiming that we engage in unethical, fraudulent
or otherwise inappropriate business practices. Any such lawsuit or allegation, with or without merit, or any perceived unfair,
unethical, fraudulent or inappropriate business practice by us or perceived wrong doing by any key member of our management team
could harm our reputation and user base and distract our management from day-to-day operations of our company. We cannot assure
that we will not be subject to lawsuits or allegations in the future. When we can make a reasonable estimate of the liability
relating to pending litigation and determine that an adverse liability resulting from such litigation is probable, we will record
a related contingent liability. As additional information becomes available, we will assess the potential liability and revise
estimates as appropriate. In fiscal years 2016 and 2017, we did not record any contingent liabilities relating to pending litigation.
When we record or revise our estimates of contingent liabilities in the future, the amount of our estimates may be inaccurate
due to the inherent uncertainties relating to litigation. In addition, the outcomes of actions we institute against third parties
may not be successful or favorable to us. Litigations and allegations against us may also generate negative publicity that significantly
harms our reputation, which may materially and adversely affect our user base and our ability to attract publishers and advertisers.
In addition to the related cost, managing and defending litigation and related indemnity obligations can significantly divert
management&rsquo;s and the board of directors&rsquo; attention from operating our business. We may also need to pay damages or
settle the litigation with a substantial amount of cash. All of these could have a material adverse impact on our business, results
of operation and cash flows.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>A
variety of new and existing U.S. and foreign government laws and regulations could subject us to claims, judgments, monetary liabilities
and other remedies, and to limitations on our business practices.&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are subject to numerous U.S. and foreign laws and regulations covering a wide variety of subject matters. New laws and regulations,
changes in existing laws and regulations or the interpretation of them, our introduction of new products, or an extension of our
business into new areas, could increase our future compliance costs, make our products and services less attractive to our users,
or cause us to change or limit our business practices. We may incur substantial expenses to comply with laws and regulations or
defend against a claim that we have not complied with them. Further, any failure on our part to comply with any relevant laws
or regulations may subject us to significant civil or criminal liabilities, penalties, and negative publicity.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 12; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->10<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
application of existing domestic and international laws and regulations to us relating to issues such as user privacy and data
protection, security, defamation, pricing, advertising, taxation, gambling, sweepstakes, promotions, consumer protection, accessibility,
content regulation, quality of services, law enforcement demands, telecommunications, mobile, and intellectual property ownership
and infringement in many instances is unclear or unsettled. Further, the application to us or our subsidiaries of existing laws
regulating or requiring licenses for certain businesses of our advertisers can be unclear. U.S. export control laws and regulations
also impose requirements and restrictions on exports to certain nations and persons and on our business. Internationally, we may
also be subject to laws regulating our activities in foreign countries and to foreign laws and regulations that are inconsistent
from country to country. &nbsp;As a replacement for the US-EU Safe Harbor framework which was invalidated by the European Court
of Justice in October of 2015, the EU-U.S. Privacy Shield Framework was designed by the U.S. Department of Commerce and European
Commission to provide U.S. companies with a mechanism to comply with EU data protection requirements when transferring personal
data from the European Union to the United States. On July 12, 2016, the European Commission deemed the Privacy Shield Framework
adequate to enable data transfers under EU law. To join the Privacy Shield Framework, Zedge will be required to self-certify to
the Department of Commerce and commit to comply with the Framework&rsquo;s requirements. The U.S. Department of Commerce began
accepting applications for companies to join the Privacy Shield Framework. The result of us joining the Privacy Shield Framework
will likely be an increase in cost of compliance, and an increase in potential for liability for non-compliance</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition, the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DCMA) has provisions that limit, but do not necessarily eliminate, our liability
for hosting user-generated materials that infringe copyrights, so long as we comply with the statutory requirements the DMCA.
Also, Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act&nbsp;(CDA) provides immunity from liability for providers of an interactive
computer service who publish defamatory information provided by users of the service. While the immunity provisions of the DMCA
and the CDA are well established, there are regular cases seeking to limit the application of such immunity. Various U.S. and
international laws restrict the distribution of materials considered harmful to children and impose additional restrictions on
the ability of online services to collect information from minors. In the area of data protection, most states have passed laws
requiring notification, and at times, identity theft protection, to users when there is a security breach for personal data. We
face similar risks and costs as our products and services are offered in international markets and may be subject to additional
regulations.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Although
we have invested and continue to invest in systems and resources to ensure that we are compliant with the requirements of the
DMCA, CDA and other U.S. and international laws relating to materials that infringe on copyrights and contain other objectionable
content our systems may not be sufficient or we may unintentionally err and fail to comply with these laws and regulations which
could expose us to claims, judgments, monetary liabilities and other remedies, and to limitations on our business practices.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>If
we are unable to license, acquire or otherwise obtain access to compelling content and services at reasonable cost or if we do
not develop or commission compelling content of our own, the number of users of our services may not grow as anticipated, or may
decline, or users&rsquo; level of engagement with our products and services may decline, all or any of which could harm our operating
results.</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
future success depends, in part, on our ability to aggregate and host compelling content and deliver that content to our users.
We achieve this when users upload their own user-generated content to our distribution platform or when we create content or enter
into business partnerships with content owners and host this content to our distribution platform. We believe that users value
high-quality content. As such, we may need to make substantial payments to third parties from whom we license or acquire such
content or from whom we have create this content on our behalf. Our ability to maintain and build relationships with such third-party
providers may become important to our success. As competition for compelling content increases both domestically and internationally,
our business partners may alter business terms under which they avail their content and services to us and potential providers
may not offer their content or services to us at all, or may offer them on terms that are not agreeable to us. A change in these
commercial terms could harm our operating results and financial condition. Further, much of the content that we acquire may only
be available on a non-exclusive basis allowing competitors the ability of offering this content to our disadvantage.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>We
may be subject to intellectual property infringement claims or other allegations, which could require us to pay substantial statutory
penalties or other damages and fines, remove relevant content, enter into license agreements, which may not be available on commercially
reasonable terms or could result in our app being barred from any of the third party distribution platforms.</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">There
may be owners of technology patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets and content, who assert claims against us. If a claim
of infringement is brought against us we may be required to pay substantial penalties or other damages and fines, remove relevant
content, enter into license agreements that may not be available on commercially reasonable terms or at all or be barred from
any of the third-party distribution platforms. Even though the allegations or claims could be baseless, defense against any of
these allegations or claims would be both costly and time-consuming and could significantly divert the efforts and resources of
our management and other personnel.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 13; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->11<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>We
may not be able to prevent others from unauthorized use of our intellectual property, which could harm our business and competitive
position.&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
regard our trademarks, service marks, patents, domain names, trade secrets, proprietary technologies and similar intellectual
property as critical to our success, and we rely on trademark and patent law, trade secret protection and confidentiality and
license agreements with our employees and others to protect our proprietary right. As of July 31, 2017, we have registered, amongst
others, the following domain names: www.zedge.net and www.zedge.com. In addition, we have been granted trademark protection for
&ldquo;Zedge&rdquo; in the United States, European Union, United Kingdom and Canada and for &ldquo;Tonesync&rdquo; in the United
States and the European Union. As discussed in the Business section, we also have applied for trademark protections for other
marks in the United States and India as well as for copyright protection for our flagship app, Zedge.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Monitoring
unauthorized use of our intellectual property rights is difficult and costly, and we cannot be certain that we can effectively
prevent misappropriation of our intellectual property, particularly in countries where the laws may not protect our proprietary
rights as fully as in the United States. From time to time, we may have to resort to litigation to enforce our intellectual property
rights, which could result in substantial costs and diversion of our resources.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition, it is often difficult to create and enforce intellectual property rights in certain international markets. Patents,
trademarks and service marks may also be invalidated, circumvented, or challenged. Trade secrets are difficult to protect, and
our trade secrets may be leaked or otherwise become known or be independently discovered by others. Confidentiality agreements
may be breached, and we may not have adequate remedies for any breach. Even where adequate and relevant laws exist it may not
be possible to obtain swift and equitable enforcement of such laws, or to obtain enforcement of a court judgment or an arbitration
award delivered in another jurisdiction, and accordingly, we may not be able to effectively protect our intellectual property
rights or enforce agreements in such countries</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>We
rely on third parties to provide the technologies necessary to deliver content, advertising, and services to our users, and any
change in the licensing terms, costs, availability, or acceptance of these formats and technologies could adversely affect our
business.&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
service and hosting providers may experience downtime from time to time, which may negatively affect our brand and user perception
of the reliability of our service. Any scheduled or unscheduled interruption could result in an immediate, and possibly substantial,
loss of revenues. Although we seek to reduce the possibility of disruptions or other outages, our product may be disrupted by
problems relating either to our own technology or third party technology that is used for our product. Our systems may be vulnerable
to damage or interruption from telecommunication failures, power loss, computer attacks or viruses, earthquakes, floods, fires,
terrorist attacks and similar events. Parts of our system are not fully redundant or backed up, and our disaster recovery planning
may not be sufficient for all eventualities. Despite any precaution we may take, the occurrence of a natural disaster or other
unanticipated problems at our hosting facilities could result in lengthy interruptions in the availability of our products and
services. Any interruption in the ability of our users to use our products and services could reduce our future revenues, harm
our future profits, subject us to regulatory scrutiny and lead users to seek alternative internet mobile products.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">There
can be no assurance that these providers will continue licensing their technologies or intellectual property to us on reasonable
terms, or at all. Providers may change the fees they charge users or otherwise change their business model in a manner that slows
the widespread acceptance of their technologies. Any change in the licensing terms, costs, availability, or user acceptance of
these technologies could adversely affect our business.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>We
use open source software in our platform that may subject our technology to general release or require us to re-engineer our solutions,
which may cause harm to our business.&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
use open source software in connection with our services. From time to time, companies that incorporate open source software into
their products have faced claims challenging the ownership of open source software and/or compliance with open source license
terms. Therefore, we could be subject to lawsuits by parties claiming ownership of what we believe to be open source software
or noncompliance with open source licensing terms. Some open source software licenses require users who distribute or make available
open source software as part of their software to publicly disclose all or part of the source code to such software and/or make
available any derivative works of the open source code on unfavorable terms or at no cost. While we monitor our use of open source
software and try to ensure that none is used in a manner that would require us to disclose the source code or that would otherwise
breach the terms of an open source agreement, such use could nevertheless occur and we may be required to release our proprietary
source code, pay damages for breach of contract, re-engineer our applications, discontinue use in the event re-engineering cannot
be accomplished on a timely basis or take other remedial action that may divert resources away from our development efforts, any
of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition or operating results.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
business depends on our ability to collect and use data to deliver relevant content and ads, and any limitation on the collection
and use of this data could significantly diminish the value of our services and cause us to lose clients and revenue.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 14; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->12<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">When
one uses our products and services, we may collect both personally identifiable and non-personally identifiable data about the
user. This may include but is not limited to the user&rsquo;s name, telephone number, email address, Facebook and other login
credentials, phone model, operating system, location, Identifier for Advertising (IDFA), Android Advertising ID, the collection
of apps running on the user&rsquo;s mobile device as well as information relating to their interaction with advertisements appearing
within our app. Often we use some of this data to provide a better experience for the user by delivering both relevant content
and advertisements. In addition, we use some of this data for advertising reporting purposes.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Although
our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service provide extensive details about how we use customer data our clients may decide not to
allow us to collect some or all of this data or may limit our use of this data. Any limitation on our ability to collect data
about user behavior and app interactions would likely make it more difficult for us to deliver germane content to our users and
effective mobile advertising campaigns that meet the demands of our advertisers.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
contracts with advertisers generally permit us to aggregate data from advertising campaigns, yet these clients might nonetheless
request that we discontinue using data obtained from their campaigns that have already been aggregated with other clients' campaign
data. It would be difficult, if not impossible, to comply with these requests, and these kinds of requests could also cause us
to invest significant amounts of resources. Interruptions, failures or defects in our data collection, mining, analysis and storage
systems, as well as privacy concerns and regulatory restrictions regarding the collection of data, could also limit our ability
to aggregate and analyze mobile device user data from our clients' advertising campaigns. If that happens, we may not be able
to optimize the placement of advertising for the benefit of our advertiser clients, which could make our services less valuable,
and, as a result, we may lose clients and our revenue may decline.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Concerns
about collection and use of personal data could damage our reputation and deter current and potential users from using our products
and services, which could have material adverse effects on our business and results of operations.</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Concerns
about our platform with regard to the collection, use or disclosure of personal information or other privacy-related matters,
even if unfounded, could damage our reputation and results of operations. We apply strict management and protection of user provided
data and only use this data as described in our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service. While we strive to comply with our Privacy
Policy as well as all applicable data protection laws and regulations, any failure or perceived failure to comply may result in
proceedings or actions against us by government entities or others, and could damage our reputation. User and regulatory attitudes
towards privacy are evolving, and future regulatory or user concerns about the extent to which personal information is used or
shared with advertisers or others may adversely affect our ability to share certain data with advertisers, which may limit certain
methods of targeted advertising. In addition, new regulatory requirements or orders or other federal, state or international privacy
or consumer protection-related laws and regulations or proceedings or actions against us by governmental entities or others (e.g.,
class action privacy litigation) could result in us having to change our business practices, increase our costs and adversely
affect our business. For instance, U.S. courts have begun to define a level of reasonable security that is required when maintaining
personal information, and such requirements could both increase our cost of operations and subject us to liability for failure
to maintain such levels of security.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Data
collection, privacy and security have become the subject of increasing public concern. If internet and mobile customers were to
reduce their use of our products, and services as a result of these concerns, our business could be harmed. As noted above, we
are also subject to the possibility of security breaches, which themselves may result in a violation of these laws.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Concerns
about the security of personal data could also lead to a decline in general usage of our products and services, which could lead
to lower user numbers. A&nbsp;significant reduction in user numbers could have a material and adverse effect on our business,
financial condition and results of operations.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Activities
of our advertiser clients could damage our reputation or give rise to legal claims against us.</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
advertisers may not comply with federal, state and local laws, including, but not limited to, laws and regulations relating to
mobile communications. Failure of our clients to comply with federal, state or local laws or our policies could damage our reputation
and expose us to liability under these laws. We may also be liable to third parties for content in the ads we deliver if the artwork,
text or other content involved violates copyrights, trademarks or other intellectual property rights of third parties or if the
content is defamatory, unfair and deceptive, or otherwise in violation of applicable laws. Although we generally receive assurance
from our advertising partners that their ads are lawful and that they have the right to use any copyrights, trademarks or other
intellectual property included in an ad, and although we are normally indemnified by the advertisers, a third party or regulatory
authority may still file a claim against us. Any such claims could be costly and time consuming to defend and could also hurt
our reputation within the mobile advertising industry. Further, if we are exposed to legal liability, we could be required to
pay substantial fines or penalties, redesign our business methods, discontinue some of our services or otherwise expend significant
resources. </FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 15; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->13<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Security
breaches or computer virus attacks could have a material adverse effect on our business prospects and results of operations.</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Any
significant breach of security of our computer systems could significantly harm our business, reputation and results of operations
and could expose us to lawsuits brought by our users and partners and to sanctions by governmental authorities in the jurisdictions
in which we operate. We cannot assure you that our IT systems will be secure from future security breaches or computer virus attacks.
Anyone who is able to circumvent our security measures could misappropriate proprietary information, including the personal information
of our users, obtaining user&rsquo;s names and passwords and enabling the hackers to access user&rsquo;s other online and mobile
accounts, if those users use identical user names and passwords. They could also misappropriate other information, including our
content. These circumventions may cause interruptions in our operations or damage our brand image and reputation. Our servers
may be vulnerable to computer viruses, physical or electronic break-ins and similar disruptions, which could cause system interruptions,
website slowdown or unavailability, delays in communication or transactions, or loss of data. We may be required to incur significant
additional costs to protect against security breaches or to alleviate problems caused by such breaches. In addition, a significant
security breach or virus attack on our system could result in a material adverse impact on our business and results of operations.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>We
have granted, and may continue to grant, options, restricted shares and other types of awards under our share incentive plans,
which may result in increased share-based compensation expenses.&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
expenses associated with share-based compensation have affected our net income and may reduce our net income in the future, and
any additional securities issued under share-based compensation schemes will dilute the ownership interests of our stockholders.
We believe the granting of share-based compensation is of significant importance to our ability to attract and retain key personnel
and employees, or consultants, and we will continue to grant share-based compensation in the future. As a result, our expenses
associated with share-based compensation may increase, which may have an adverse effect on our results of operations.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Investors
may suffer dilution.</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I></I>We
may engage in equity financing to fund our future operations and growth.&nbsp;&nbsp;If we raise additional funds is provide consideration
in acquisitions by issuing equity securities, stockholders may experience significant dilution of their ownership interest (both
with respect to the percentage of total securities held, and with respect to the book value of their securities) and such securities
may have rights senior to those of the holders of our Class B common stock.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>We
are exposed to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have significant operations in Europe that are denominated in foreign currencies, primarily the Norwegian Kroner, subjecting us
to foreign currency risk. The strengthening or weakening of the U.S. Dollar versus these currencies impacts the expenses generated
in these foreign currencies when converted into the U.S. Dollar. In fiscal 2017 and 2016, we recorded income of $37,000 and a
loss of $49,000, respectively, from foreign currency movements relative to the U.S. Dollar Included in these amounts were gains
from hedging activities of $105,000 and losses of $142,000 in fiscal 2017 and 2016, respectively. While we regularly enter into
transactions to hedge portions of our foreign currency exposure, it is impossible to predict or eliminate the effects of this
exposure. Fluctuations in foreign exchange rates could significantly impact our financial results.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>If
we fail to implement and maintain an effective system of internal controls, we may be unable to accurately report our results
of operations, meet our reporting obligations or prevent fraud.&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
rely on IDT Corporation, under a services arrangement with greater service levels than were provided by IDT historically, to provide
us with an adequate allotment of its existing resources with technical accounting expertise. We and IDT designed review and monitoring
procedures in IDT&rsquo;s accounting and finance organization and identified and implemented improved processes and controls to
satisfy our higher level of requirements. We will continue to evaluate and monitor our services arrangement with IDT and will
take all appropriate action when and as necessary to ensure we have effective internal controls over financial reporting.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Upon
the completion of the Spin-Off, we became a public company in the United States subject to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Under
Section&nbsp;404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or Section&nbsp;404, a newly public company is not required to comply with
either the management or the auditor reporting requirements related to internal control over financial reporting until its second
annual report, if applicable. As such we are required to include a report of management on our internal control over financial
reporting in our annual report beginning with our annual report for the fiscal year ending July 31, 2017. In addition, should
we become an accelerated filer, our independent registered public accounting firm must attest to and report on the effectiveness
of our internal control over financial reporting. Our management may conclude that our internal control over financial reporting
is not effective. Moreover, even if our management concludes that our internal control over financial reporting is effective,
our independent registered public accounting firm, after conducting its own independent testing, may issue a report that is qualified
if it is not satisfied with our internal controls or the level at which our controls are documented, designed, operated or reviewed,
or if it interprets the relevant requirements differently from us. In addition, our reporting obligations may place a significant
strain on our management, operational and financial resources and systems for the foreseeable future. We may be unable to timely
complete our evaluation testing and any required remediation.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 16; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->14<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">During
the course of documenting and testing our internal control procedures, in order to satisfy the requirements of Section&nbsp;404,
we may identify weaknesses and deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting. In addition, if we fail to maintain
the adequacy of our internal control over financial reporting, as these standards are modified, supplemented or amended from time
to time, we may not be able to conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective internal control over financial reporting in
accordance with Section&nbsp;404. If we fail to achieve and maintain an effective internal control environment, we could suffer
material misstatements in our financial statements and fail to meet our reporting obligations, and we may be required to restate
our financial statements from prior periods, any of which would likely cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial
information. This could in turn limit our access to capital markets, harm our results of operations, and lead to a decline in
the trading price of our stock.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Additionally,
ineffective internal control over financial reporting could expose us to increased risk of fraud or misuse of corporate assets
and subject us to potential delisting from the stock exchange on which we list, regulatory investigations and civil or criminal
sanctions.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Future
strategic alliances or acquisitions may not be successful and may have a material and adverse effect on our business, reputation
and results of operations.</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I></I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
may enter into strategic alliances, including joint ventures or minority equity investments, with various third parties to further
our business purpose from time to time. These alliances could subject us to a number of risks, including risks associated with
sharing proprietary information, non-performance by the third party and increased expenses in establishing new strategic alliances,
any of which may materially and adversely affect our business. We may have limited ability to monitor or control the actions of
these third parties and, to the extent any of these strategic third parties suffers negative publicity or harm to their reputation
from events relating to their business, we may also suffer negative publicity or harm to our reputation by virtue of our association
with any such third party.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition, if appropriate opportunities arise, we may acquire additional assets, products, technologies or businesses that are
complementary to our existing business. Future acquisitions and the subsequent integration of new assets and businesses into our
own would require significant attention from our management and could result in a diversion of resources from our existing business,
which in turn could have an adverse effect on our business operations. Acquired assets or businesses may not generate the financial
results we expect. Acquisitions could result in the use of substantial amounts of cash, potentially dilutive issuances of equity
securities, the occurrence of significant goodwill impairment charges, amortization expenses for other intangible assets and exposure
to potential unknown liabilities of the acquired business. Moreover, the costs of identifying and consummating acquisitions may
be significant. In addition to possible stockholders&rsquo; approval, we may also have to obtain approvals and licenses from relevant
government authorities for the acquisitions and to comply with any applicable laws and regulations, which could result in increased
delay and costs.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Our
business, financial condition and results of operations, as well as our ability to obtain additional financing, may be adversely
affected by downturn in the global economy.&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
global financial markets have experienced significant disruptions over the past ten years and the recovery from the lows of 2008
and 2009 has been uneven. There is considerable uncertainty over the long-term effects of the expansionary monetary and fiscal
policies adopted by the central banks and financial authorities of some of the world&rsquo;s leading economies. There have also
been concerns over unrest in the Middle East and Africa, which have resulted in volatility in oil and other markets. We may be
affected by economic downturns. A&nbsp;prolonged slowdown in the world economy may lead to a reduced amount of mobile internet
advertising, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Moreover,
a slowdown or disruption in the global economy may have a material and adverse impact on financings available to us. The weakness
in the economy could erode investor confidence, which constitutes the basis of the credit market. Turmoil affecting the financial
markets and banking system may significantly restrict our ability to obtain financing in the capital markets or from financial
institutions on commercially reasonable terms, or at all.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>The
reporting requirements associated with our being a public company will subject us to significant expenses.&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
a result of the Spin-Off from IDT Corporation in June 2016, we became a public reporting company and are required to file with
the Securities and Exchange Commission reports required by the Exchange Act of 1934. Specifically, among other requirements, we
are required to file quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, annual reports on Form 10-K and under some circumstances, current reports
on Form 8-K, in accordance with strict timelines. We also are required to file annual proxy materials. In addition, as part of
those filings, we are required to provide annual audited financial statements. Also, in fiscal 2016 we established an internal
audit function. Compliance with such requirements significantly increased our legal and accounting costs and demanded significant
attention from management. The resources and time required to comply with rules applicable to public companies could divert financial
and human resources from focusing on our business, and we can provide no assurance that the benefits of our being public outweigh
the disadvantages and costs associated with compliance. Our total costs increased by approximately $900,000 as a result of being
a public reporting company as compared to when we were a private company. Although we have implemented initiatives to reduce the
$900,000 of total costs in fiscal 2018 and fiscal years thereafter, there can be no assurance we will be successful in reducing
such costs or that such costs will not increase.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 17; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->15<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>There
is currently a limited public market for our shares, and if an active market does not develop, investors may have difficulty selling
their shares.</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
Class B common stock is currently listed for trading on the NYSE American stock exchange, formerly known as the NYSE MKT stock
exchange, under the symbol &ldquo;ZDGE&rdquo;, and there is currently only a limited public trading market for our Class B common
stock.&nbsp;&nbsp;We cannot predict the extent to which investor interest in us and our Class B common stock will lead to the
development or continuance of an active trading market or how liquid that trading market for our Class B common stock might become.
If an active trading market for our Class B common stock does not develop or is not sustained, it may be difficult for investors
to sell shares, particularly large quantities, of our Class B common stock at a price that is attractive or at all.&nbsp;&nbsp;As
a result, an investment in our Class B common stock may be illiquid and investors may not be able to liquidate their investment
readily or at all when they desire to sell.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>The
trading price of the shares of our Class B common stock is likely to remain volatile, and purchasers of our Class B common stock
could incur substantial losses.&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
stock price is likely to remain volatile. The stock market in general and the market for mobile internet companies in particular
have experienced extreme volatility that has often been unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. As a result
of this volatility, investors may not be able to sell their Class B common stock at or above the price paid for the shares. The
market price for our Class B common stock may be influenced by many factors, including:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">actual
    or anticipated variations in quarterly operating results;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">changes
    in financial estimates by us or by any securities analysts who might cover our stock;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">conditions
    or trends in our industry;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">stock
    market price and volume fluctuations of other publicly traded companies and, in particular, those that operate in the advertising,
    internet or media industries;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">announcements
    by us or our competitors of new product or service offerings, significant acquisitions;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">strategic
    partnerships or divestitures;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">announcements
    of investigations or regulatory scrutiny of our operations or lawsuits filed against us;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">capital
    commitments;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">additions
    or departures of key personnel; and</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">sales
    of our Class B common stock common stock, including sales by our directors and officers or specific stockholders.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition, in the past, stockholders have initiated class action lawsuits against technology companies following periods of volatility
in the market prices of these companies' stock. Such litigation, if instituted against us, could cause us to incur substantial
costs and divert management's attention and resources.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>We
are controlled by our principal stockholder, which limits the ability of other stockholders to affect our management.&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Michael
Jonas is our majority stockholder and a director, and, as of October 25, 2017, has voting power over 1,802,895 shares of our Class
B common stock (which includes 524,775 shares of our Class&nbsp;A common stock, which are convertible into shares of our Class
B common stock on a 1-for-1 basis, and 1,278,120 shares of our Class&nbsp;B common stock), representing approximately 67.6% of
the combined voting power of our outstanding capital stock. Mr.&nbsp;Jonas is able to control matters requiring approval by our
stockholders, including the election of all of the directors and the approval of significant corporate matters, including any
merger, consolidation or sale of all or substantially all of our assets. As a result, the ability of any of our other stockholders
to influence our management is limited. See Item 9B &ndash; Other Information, below.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>We
exercised our option for the &ldquo;controlled company&rdquo; exemption under NYSE American stock exchange rules with respect
to our Nominating Committee.&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are a &ldquo;controlled company&rdquo; as defined in section 801(a) of the NYSE American Company Guide because more than 50% of
the combined voting power of all of our outstanding common stock is beneficially owned by a single stockholder. As a &ldquo;controlled
company,&rdquo; we are exempt from certain NYSE American rules requiring a board of directors with a majority of independent members,
a compensation committee composed entirely of independent directors and a nominating committee composed entirely of independent
directors. These independence standards are intended to ensure that directors who meet those standards are free of any conflicting
interest that could influence their actions as directors. We applied this &ldquo;controlled company&rdquo; exemption for our corporate
governance practices only with respect to the independence requirements of our Nominating Committee. Accordingly, with respect
to our Nominating Committee you will not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to all
of the corporate governance requirements of the NYSE American stock exchange, and if we were to apply the controlled company exemption
to other independence requirements, you would not have the protection afforded by those requirements either.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 18; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->16<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>If
securities or industry analysts do not publish research or publish unfavorable research about our business, our stock price and
trading volume could decline.&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
trading market for our common Class B common stock relies in part on the research and reports that equity research analysts publish
about us and our business. We do not currently have and may never obtain research coverage by equity research analysts. Equity
research analysts may elect not to provide research coverage of our Class B common stock, and such lack of research coverage may
adversely affect the market price of our Class B common stock. In the event we do receive equity research analyst coverage, we
will not have any control over the analysts or the content and opinions included in their reports. The price of our stock could
decline if one or more equity research analysts downgrade our stock or issue other unfavorable commentary or research. If one
or more equity research analysts ceases coverage of our company or fails to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our stock
could decrease, which in turn could cause our stock price and/or trading volume to decline. </FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Our
Class B common stock is deemed to be a &ldquo;penny stock,&rdquo; which may make it more difficult for investors to sell their
shares due to suitability requirements.&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Securities and Exchange Commission has adopted regulations that define a &ldquo;penny stock,&rdquo; generally, to be an equity
security that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share.&nbsp;&nbsp;The price of our Class B common stock has been less
than $5.00 per share for a significant amount of the time since it started publicly trading in June 2016 and was less than $5.00
per share on October 25, 2017, and is therefore considered a &ldquo;penny stock.&rdquo;&nbsp;&nbsp;This designation requires any
broker or dealer buying our securities to disclose certain information concerning the transaction, obtain a written agreement
from the purchaser and determine that the purchaser is reasonably suitable to purchase the securities given the increased risks
generally inherent in penny stocks. These rules may restrict the ability of brokers or dealers to buy or sell our Class B common
stock, either directly or on behalf of their clients, may discourage potential shareholders from purchasing our Class B common
stock, or may adversely affect the ability of shareholders to sell their shares.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Our
results of operations may be subject to wide fluctuations due to a number of factors, which may adversely affect the trading price
of our Class B common stock.&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
may experience seasonality and other fluctuations in our business, reflecting fluctuations in mobile internet and smartphone usage
and advertising. Revenues from mobile application products and services are typically higher in the fourth quarter of the calendar
year due to increased year-end advertising and marketing budgets. Conversely, we generally experience lower advertising revenues
during the first quarter of the calendar year due to weaker advertising spend following the holidays. Thus, our operating results
in one or more future quarters or years may fluctuate substantially or fall below the expectations of securities analysts and
investors. In such event, the trading price of our Class B common stock may fluctuate significantly.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>We
may not achieve some or all of the expected benefits of the separation from IDT, and the separation could harm our business.&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
may not be able to achieve the full strategic and financial benefits expected to result from the separation from IDT via the Spin-Off,
or such benefits may be delayed or not occur at all. The separation from IDT is expected to provide the following benefits, among
others: enhanced strategic and management focus; better ability to form strategic partnerships and relationships; faster decision-making;
more efficient allocation of capital; alignment of incentives with performance objectives; direct access to the capital markets;
and a distinct investment identity.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
may not achieve these and other anticipated benefits for a variety of reasons, including, among others:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">we
    may be more susceptible to market fluctuations and other adverse events than if we were still a part of IDT;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
    business will be less diversified than IDT&rsquo;s business prior to the separation; and</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    other actions required to separate the respective businesses could disrupt our operations.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.35pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
we fail to achieve some or all of the benefits expected to result from the separation from IDT, or if such benefits are delayed,
our business could be harmed.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>If
we are unable to attract and retain highly qualified employees, we may not be able to grow effectively.&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
ability to compete and grow depends in large part on the efforts and talents of our employees. Such employees, particularly product
managers, designers and engineers, are in high demand, and we devote significant resources to identifying, hiring, training, successfully
integrating and retaining these employees. The loss of employees or the inability to hire additional skilled employees as necessary
could result in significant disruptions to our business, and the integration of replacement personnel could be time-consuming
and expensive and cause additional disruptions to our business.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 19; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->17<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
believe that two critical components of our success are our ability to retain our best people by preserving our culture and maintaining
competitive compensation practices. As we continue to grow rapidly, and we develop the infrastructure of a public company, we
may find it difficult to maintain our entrepreneurial, execution-focused culture. In addition, some of our employees are able
to receive material proceeds from sales of our equity in the public markets, which may reduce their motivation to continue to
work for us.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><A NAME="a_004"></A><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Item&nbsp;2.&nbsp;&nbsp;Properties</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
principal executive office is located in leased premises comprising approximately 500 square feet of space in New York City. This
location currently houses commercial operations including sales, marketing, business development and advertising operations. Our
Trondheim, Norway facility has approximately 11,500 square feet of space, accommodates our product, design and technology teams
and is under lease through 2018. We entered into a lease in October 2014 for approximately 400 square feet of office space in
Helsinki, Finland, where we employ a satellite development center. Our servers are hosted in leased data centers in different
geographic locations in the U.S. These data centers are owned and maintained by a third party data center provider.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><A NAME="a_005"></A><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Item&nbsp;3.&nbsp;&nbsp;Legal
Proceedings</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
March 2014, Saregama India, Limited filed a lawsuit against us before the Barasat District Court, seeking approximately $1.6 million
as damages and an injunction for copyright infringement. The main ground for the lawsuit was that we allegedly avail the plaintiff&rsquo;s
sound recordings through our platform with full knowledge that the sound recordings have been uploaded and are being communicated
to the public without obtaining any license from the plaintiff.&nbsp;There have been no material updates to this matter since
the filing in March 2014. We believe that material liability on the matter is remote.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
may from time to time be subject to other legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. Although there can
be no assurance in this regard, we do not expect any of those legal proceedings to have a material adverse effect on our results
of operations, cash flows or financial condition.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><A NAME="a_006"></A><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Item
4.&nbsp;&nbsp;Mine Safety Disclosures</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Not
applicable.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 20; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->18<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 0"><A NAME="a_007"></A><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>PART&nbsp;II</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><A NAME="a_008"></A><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Item&nbsp;5.&nbsp;&nbsp;Market
for Registrant&rsquo;s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Class
B Common Stock</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
Class B common stock is quoted on the NYSE American stock exchange, formerly known as the NYSE MKT stock exchange, under the trading
symbol ZDGE. Trading commenced on the NYSE American stock exchange on June 1, 2016.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
table below sets forth the high and low sales prices for our Class B common stock as reported by the NYSE American stock exchange
for the fiscal periods indicated.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="CENTER" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Quarterly Closing Prices</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">High</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Low</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">Fiscal Year Ended July 31, 2016:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76%">Fiscal quarter ended July 31, 2016</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">6.69</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">3.56</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">Fiscal Year Ended July 31, 2017:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>Fiscal quarter ended October 31, 2016</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">4.75</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">2.56</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>Fiscal quarter ended January 31, 2017</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">3.79</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">2.85</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>Fiscal quarter ended April 30, 2017</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">3.62</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">2.63</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>Fiscal quarter ended July 31, 2017</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">3.18</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1.96</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
October 9, 2017, there were 302 holders of record of our Class B common stock and 1 holder of record of our Class A common stock.
As of October 25, 2017, all shares of Class A common stock are beneficially owned by Michael Jonas. See Item 9B &ndash; Other
Information, below. The number of holders of record of our Class B common stock does not include the number of persons whose shares
are in nominee or in &ldquo;street name&rdquo; accounts through brokers. On October 25, 2017, the last sales price reported on
the NYSE American stock exchange for the Class B common stock was $2.10 per share.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
do not anticipate paying dividends on our common stock until we achieve sustainable profitability (after satisfying all of our
operational needs) and retain certain minimum cash reserves. Distributions will be subject to the need to retain earnings for
investment in growth opportunities or the acquisition of complementary assets. The payment of dividends in any specific period
will be at the sole discretion of our Board of Directors.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
information required by Item 201(d) of Regulation S-K will be contained in our Proxy Statement for our Annual Stockholders Meeting,
which we will file with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after July 31, 2016, and which is incorporated
by reference herein.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Recent
Sales of Unregistered Securities</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
received proceeds of $110,000 from the exercise of stock options in fiscal 2017 for which we issued 280,700 shares of our Class
B common stock. In addition, in fiscal 2017, we received proceeds of $57,000 from the exercise of stock options in fiscal 2016,
which was recorded as a receivable at July 31, 2016. We received proceeds of $9,000 from the exercise of stock options in fiscal
2016. In fiscal 2016, we issued 99,782 shares of our Class B common stock for the exercise of stock options.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
connection with the Spin-Off, in May 2016, certain of our equity holders purchased approximately 1.1 million shares of our Class
B common stock for $3 million at a pre-investment valuation of us of $27 million.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Issuer
Repurchases of Equity Securities</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">None.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><A NAME="a_009"></A><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Item
6.&nbsp;&nbsp;Selected Financial Data.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Smaller
reporting companies are not required to provide the information required by this item.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><A NAME="a_010"></A><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Item
7.&nbsp;&nbsp;Management&rsquo;s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
Annual Report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section
21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, including statements that contain the words &ldquo;believes,&rdquo; &ldquo;anticipates,&rdquo;
&ldquo;expects,&rdquo; &ldquo;plans,&rdquo; &ldquo;intends&rdquo; and similar words and phrases. These forward-looking statements
are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results projected in any
forward-looking statement. In addition to the factors specifically noted in the forward-looking statements, other important factors,
risks and uncertainties that could result in those differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed under Item 1A
to Part I &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo; in this Annual Report. The forward-looking statements are made as of the date of this Annual
Report, and we assume no obligation to update the forward-looking statements, or to update the reasons why actual results could
differ from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Investors should consult all of the information set forth in this
report and the other information set forth from time to time in our reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission
pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, including our reports on Forms 10-Q and 8-K.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 21; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->19<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto included in Item
8 of this Annual Report.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Overview</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
provide one of the most popular content platforms, worldwide, centered on self-expression, attracting both creators looking to
promote their content and consumers who utilize such content to express their identity, feelings, tastes and interests. Today
our platform enables consumers to personalize their mobile devices with free, high-quality ringtones, wallpapers, home screen
app icons, widgets and notification sounds. Our smartphone app, available in Google Play and iTunes app stores, has been installed
over 273 million times, has more than 31 million monthly active users and has averaged among the top 30 free applications in the
Google Play store in the U.S. and in the iTunes Entertainment category for the past five years. To date, we have grown our user
base without material investment in marketing, user acquisition or advertising.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
generate over 90% of our revenues from selling our advertising inventory to advertising networks, advertising exchanges, and direct
arrangements with advertisers. Advertising networks and advertising exchanges are third party technology platforms that facilitate
the buying and selling of media advertising inventory from multiple ad networks. The price of advertising inventory is fixed on
an advertising network whereas the price for inventory is determined through bidding on an advertising exchange. Advertisers are
attracted to us because of our sizable user base and our focus on mobile phone personalization. The remainder of our revenue is
primarily generated from our managing and optimizing the advertising inventory of a third-party mobile application publisher,
as well as overseeing the billing, collections and reporting related to advertising for this publisher.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
key element in maintaining our competitive position is our ability to meet users&rsquo; expectations, which necessitates retaining
employees with solid educational and professional credentials who are passionate about our mission to serve as a medium for self-expression.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
ability to continue attracting advertisers depends on the growth and demographics of our user base, increased app usage and improved
retention. These will require continued investment in product, technology and marketing. Our growth plan also relies on diversifying
our monetization portfolio and selective strategic investments and acquisitions. To this end we recently announced that in late
2017 we expect to rollout a marketplace where artists can monetize their digital creations. In order to accelerate this development
we undertook the acquihire of Freeform Development, Inc. We believe that this effort will both drive customer growth and introduce
new revenue streams.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
believe that our business model is scalable and allows for significant portions of revenue growth to flow to our bottom line.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
were formerly a majority-owned subsidiary of IDT Corporation, or IDT. On June 1, 2016, IDT&rsquo;s interest in Zedge was spun-off
by IDT to IDT&rsquo;s stockholders and we became an independent public company through a pro rata distribution of our common stock
held by IDT to IDT&rsquo;s stockholders (the Spin-Off).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Reportable
Segments</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
business consists of one reportable segment.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>CRITICAL
ACCOUNTING POLICIES</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
financial statements and accompanying notes are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United
States of America, or U.S. GAAP. The preparation of financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions
that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses as well as the disclosure of contingent assets and
liabilities. Critical accounting policies are those that require application of management&rsquo;s most subjective or complex
judgments, often as a result of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in subsequent periods. Our critical accounting
policies include those related to capitalized software and technology development costs, revenue recognition and goodwill. Management
bases its estimates and judgments on historical experience and other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.
Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. See Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements in this Annual Report for a complete discussion of our significant accounting policies.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 22; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->20<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Capitalized
software and technology development costs</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Software
and technology development activities generally fall into three stages:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Planning
    stage activities</B> include developing a project or business plan that outlines the goals for the content distribution platform
    or new product or service; determining the functionality; identifying hardware and software applications that will achieve
    functionality, security, and traffic flows; and selecting the internal resources that will be assigned to the project as well
    as the external vendors where applicable.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Application
    and infrastructure development stage activities</B> focus on acquiring or developing hardware and software to operate a content
    distribution platform or new product and service; and</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Post-Implementation/Operating
    stage activities</B> address training, administration, maintenance, and all other activities to operate an existing content
    distribution platform or new product or service.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">During
the Planning Stage, we charge all costs to expense as incurred.&#9;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">During
the Application and Infrastructure Development Stage, we begin to capitalize costs when the project has been properly authorized
and we determine that completion is probable (if a project is subsequently cancelled prior to placement in service, costs that
have been capitalized to date will be reviewed for potential impairment). Capitalization ceases no later than the point at which
a computer software project is substantially complete and ready for its intended use. Amortization begins for each project when
the code is ready for use, whether or not it is actually placed in service at that time (an exception being if the project&rsquo;s
functionality completely depends on the completion of another project; then, amortization begins when that other project is ready
for use).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">During
the Post-Implementation/Operation Stage, we expense training costs and maintenance costs as incurred. However, upgrades and enhancements,
defined as modifications to existing internal-use software that result in additional functionality (modifications to enable the
software to perform tasks that it was previously incapable of performing, normally requiring new software specifications and perhaps
a change to all or part of the existing software specifications) are treated as though they were new projects, and are assessed
utilizing the same stages and criteria on a project by project basis. As such, internal costs incurred for upgrades and enhancements
are expensed or capitalized based on the requirements noted above, while costs incurred for maintenance are expensed as incurred.
These projects are tracked individually, such that the beginning and ending of the capitalization can be appropriately established,
as well as the amounts capitalized therein.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Amortization
of these costs is included in depreciation and amortization in the Statement of Comprehensive (Loss) Income.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Revenue
Recognition</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
generate over 90% of our revenues from selling our advertising inventory to advertising networks, advertising exchanges, and direct
arrangements with advertisers. Advertising networks and advertising exchanges are third party technology platforms that facilitate
the buying and selling of media advertising inventory from multiple ad networks. The price of advertising inventory is fixed on
an advertising network whereas the price for inventory is determined through bidding on an advertising exchange. Our direct arrangements
with advertisers are primarily related to game publishers. We recognize advertising revenue as advertisements are delivered to
users through impressions, ad views or app installs (depending on the terms agreed upon with the advertiser), as long as evidence
of the arrangement with the payer exists (generally through an executed contract), the price is fixed and determinable, and we
have assessed collectability as reasonably assured. The advertiser may compensate us on a cost-per-impression, cost-per-click,
cost-per-action or cost-per-install basis.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
remainder of our revenue is primarily generated from our managing and optimizing the advertising inventory of a third-party mobile
application publisher, as well as overseeing the billing, collections and reporting related to advertising for this publisher.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
generally report our revenue net of amounts due to agencies and brokers because we are not the primary obligor in the relevant
arrangements, we do not finalize the pricing, and we do not establish or maintain a direct relationship with the advertiser. Certain
advertising arrangements that are directly between us and advertisers are recognized gross equal to the price paid to us by the
customer since we are the primary obligor and we determine the price. Any third party costs related so such direct relationships
are recognized as direct cost of revenues.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Goodwill</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Goodwill
is deemed to have an indefinite life and is not amortized. Goodwill is reviewed annually (or more frequently under various conditions)
for impairment using a fair value approach. In fiscal 2017, we adopted the Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, that simplifies
the subsequent measurement of goodwill by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. In computing the implied fair
value of goodwill under Step 2, an entity had to perform procedures to determine the fair value at the impairment testing date
of its assets and liabilities (including unrecognized assets and liabilities) following the procedure that would be required in
determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. Instead, under the amendments
in this ASU, we perform our annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of our reporting unit with
its carrying amount. We would recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting
unit&rsquo;s fair value; however, the loss recognized would not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting
unit. Additionally, we consider income tax effects from any tax deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of our reporting unit
when measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable. We estimate the fair value of our reporting unit using the market
approach (guideline company method).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 23; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->21<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is necessary to perform the quantitative goodwill
impairment test. However, we may elect to perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test even if no indications of a potential
impairment exist.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
our annual impairment tests, our estimated fair value substantially exceeded our carrying value, therefore, no impairment charge
was required. Calculating the fair value of the reporting unit requires significant estimates and assumptions by management. Should
our estimates or assumptions regarding the fair value of our reporting unit prove to be incorrect, we may be required to record
impairment of goodwill in future periods and such impairment could be material.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>RECENT
ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS NOT YET ADOPTED</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
August 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (&ldquo;FASB&rdquo;) issued an ASU intended to improve the financial reporting
of hedging relationships to better portray the economic results of an entity&rsquo;s risk management activities in its financial
statements. In addition, the ASU includes certain targeted improvements to simplify the application of hedge accounting guidance
in U.S. GAAP. The amendments in this ASU are effective for the Company on August 1, 2019. Early application is permitted. Entities
will apply the amendments to cash flow and net investment hedge relationships that exist on the date of adoption using a modified
retrospective approach. The presentation and disclosure requirements will be applied prospectively. The Company is evaluating
the impact that this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
May 2017, the FASB issued an ASU to provide guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award
require an entity to apply modification accounting. Pursuant to this ASU, an entity should account for the effects of a modification
unless all the following are met: (1) the fair value (or calculated value or intrinsic value, if such an alternative measurement
method is used) of the modified award is the same as the fair value (or calculated value or intrinsic value, if such an alternative
measurement method is used) of the original award immediately before the original award is modified (if the modification does
not affect any of the inputs to the valuation technique that the entity uses to value the award, the entity is not required to
estimate the value immediately before and after the modification); (2) the vesting conditions of the modified award are the same
as the vesting conditions of the original award immediately before the original award is modified; and (3) the classification
of the modified award as an equity instrument or a liability instrument is the same as the classification of the original award
immediately before the original award is modified. We will adopt the amendments in this ASU prospectively to an award modified
on or after on August 1, 2018. We are evaluating the impact that the new standard will have on our consolidated financial statements.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
January 2017, the FASB issued an ASU to clarify the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities
with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. Under the
current guidance, there are three elements of a business&mdash;inputs, processes, and outputs. While an integrated set of assets
and activities (collectively referred to as a &ldquo;set&rdquo;) that is a business usually has outputs, outputs are not required
to be present. In addition, all the inputs and processes that a seller uses in operating a set are not required if market participants
can acquire the set and continue to produce outputs, for example, by integrating the acquired set with their own inputs and processes.
The amendments in this ASU provide a screen to determine when a set is not a business. The screen requires that when substantially
all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired (or disposed of) is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group
of similar identifiable assets, the set is not a business. This screen reduces the number of transactions that need to be further
evaluated. If the screen is not met, the amendments in this ASU (1) require that to be considered a business, a set must include,
at a minimum, an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create output and (2)
remove the evaluation of whether a market participant could replace missing elements. The amendments provide a framework to assist
entities in evaluating whether both an input and a substantive process are present. The framework includes two sets of criteria
to consider that depend on whether a set has outputs. Although outputs are not required for a set to be a business, outputs generally
are a key element of a business; therefore, the FASB has developed more stringent criteria for sets without outputs. Lastly, the
ASU narrows the definition of the term output. We will adopt the amendments in this ASU on August 1, 2018. We are evaluating the
impact that the new standard will have on our consolidated financial statements.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
June 2016, the FASB issued an ASU that changes the impairment model for most financial assets and certain other instruments. For
receivables, loans and other instruments, entities will be required to use a new forward-looking &ldquo;expected loss&rdquo; model
that generally will result in the earlier recognition of allowance for losses. For available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized
losses, entities will measure credit losses in a manner similar to current practice, except the losses will be recognized as allowances
instead of reductions in the amortized cost of the securities. In addition, an entity will have to disclose significantly more
information about allowances, credit quality indicators and past due securities. The new provisions will be applied as a cumulative-effect
adjustment to retained earnings. We will adopt the new standard on August 1, 2020. We are evaluating the impact that the new standard
will have on our consolidated financial statements.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 24; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->22<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
February 2016, the FASB issued ASU related to the accounting for leases. The new standard establishes a right-of-use, or ROU,
model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer
than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense
recognition in the income statement. We will adopt the new standard on August 1, 2019. A modified retrospective transition approach
is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative
period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. We are currently evaluating the impact
that the new standard will have on our consolidated financial statements.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
May 2014, the FASB and the International Accounting Standards Board jointly issued a comprehensive new revenue recognition standard
that will supersede most of the current revenue recognition guidance under U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards,
or IFRS. The goals of the revenue recognition project were to clarify and converge the revenue recognition principles under U.S.
GAAP and IFRS and to develop guidance that would streamline and enhance revenue recognition requirements. To accomplish this objective,
the standard requires five basic steps: (i) identify the contract with the customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations
in the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in
the contract, and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. Entities have the option of
using either a full retrospective or modified retrospective approach for the adoption of the standard. We expect to adopt this
standard on August 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach. We have identified our main revenue streams, which are advertising
revenue, app installs and advertising ops outsourcing. In addition, we substantially completed reviewing contracts and other relevant
documents for most of our customers that comprises our main revenue streams. Based on this analysis to date of the adoption of
the standard, we have not identified a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements, although this is subject to
change as we complete the process.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>RESULTS
OF OPERATIONS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Fiscal
Year Ended July 31, 2017 Compared to Fiscal Year Ended July 31, 2016</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="CENTER" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">(in thousands)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Change</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Fiscal year ended July&nbsp;31,</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2017</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2016</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">%</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 52%; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Revenues</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">10,031</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">11,113</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">(1,082</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">(9.7</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">)%</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Direct cost of revenues</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,567</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,299</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">268</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">20.6</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Selling, general and administrative</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">8,468</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">7,755</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">713</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">9.2</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Depreciation and amortization</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">643</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">605</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">38</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">6.3</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Write-off of capitalized software and technology development costs</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">36</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">281</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(245</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(87.2</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">(Loss) income from operations</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(683</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,173</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(1,856</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(158.2</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Interest and other income</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">19</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">17</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">850.0</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Net gain (loss) resulting from foreign exchange transactions</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">37</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(49</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">86</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">175.5</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Benefit from (provision for) income taxes</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">16</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(143</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">159</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">111.2</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Net (loss) income</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(611</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">983</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(1,594</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(162.2</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">)%</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Revenues.&nbsp;</I>Revenues
decreased in fiscal 2017 compared to fiscal 2016 primarily due to a 9.3% decline in our average revenue per monthly active user
derived from our apps, or ARPMAU, to $0.0244 from $0.0269. The app ARPMAU decrease was mainly due to a 9.9% decline in Monthly
Active Users, or MAU (which is a performance indicator that captures the number of unique users that opened our app in the previous
30-day period in more developed markets where we are able to command higher advertising rates; our decision to reduce our investments
in our Game Channel in mid-April 2016, which resulted in a decline in game installs for which we are paid on a &ldquo;cost per
install&rdquo; basis; and to not fully recovering from our app being temporarily removed from the iTunes Store on February 1,
2016.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
response to the removal from the iTunes Store, we introduced a standalone wallpaper app in iTunes in March 2016 offering free
wallpapers, a standalone ringtone app in iTunes in December 2016 offering free ringtones, and a premium ringtone app in April
2017 featuring for-purchase remixes of music from chart topping artists. The rollout of these individual apps was done in order
to both fully comply with iTunes terms and conditions as well as mitigate risk. The premium ringtone app was also introduced in
order to experiment with a paid content monetization capability and to offer tap-to-set ease of use and generate revenues from
sources other than advertising. In mid-December 2016, we launched a new ad strategy with our Wallpaper and Ringtones apps, intended
to improve user engagement. Even after these steps, we have not fully recovered from the removal from the iTunes store in February
2016 and, although certain initiatives are intended to grow our user base across all platforms, unless we are able to replicate
the prior user experience and functionality, we may never achieve the penetration we saw prior to the removal.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 25; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->23<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.35pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Also,
we experienced lower advertising effective cost per thousand impressions, or eCPMs, than expected during our second fiscal quarter
(particularly during the December holiday season) when compared to the same period of fiscal 2016 due to what we believe to be
shifts in advertising budgets allocating more spend for video advertising as compared to static full screen ads. During the last
thirty days of the fourth quarter, MAU increased by 1.9% to 31.7 million at July 31, 2017 from 31.1 million at July 31, 2016.
This improvement is a result of a 17.3% increase in MAU from the emerging markets compared to a 9.9% decrease in more well-developed
markets, which shift makes the demographics of our user base less attractive to certain advertisers. We have several growth initiatives
underway focused on improving user engagement and retention, content discovery and freshness and user acquisition, which we believe,
will reverse the negative trends we experienced in the more well-developed markets. In addition, we are releasing new features
and investing in product marketing across both the Android and iOS apps in order to reverse the MAU downturn we experienced in
the well-developed markets on a year-over-year basis. Our install count, that is the number of times the Zedge app has been installed
on devices, increased to 273.7 million at July 31, 2017 from 216.4 million a year ago.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.35pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Direct
cost of revenues</I>. The increase in direct cost of revenues in fiscal 2017 compared to fiscal 2016 was attributable to the fees
that we pay to third parties that provide us with internet hosting, content serving, and filtering and marketing automation services.
The costs associated with hosting increased as a result of our investment in a new content delivery network and backend infrastructure.
The costs associated with content serving increased as a result of a new copyright detecting product from one of our vendors.
The costs associated with filtering and push notification marketing increased because of an expansion of the addressable customer
base for marketing automation services.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Selling,
general and administrative expense</I>. Selling, general and administrative expense consists mainly of payroll, benefits, facilities,
marketing, content acquisition and consulting, professional fees, and public company operating costs. The increase in selling,
general and administrative expense in fiscal 2017 compared to fiscal 2016 was mostly due to increases in payroll and benefits,
accounting, tax, legal fees, rent, stock-based noncash compensation, and public company operating costs. The increase was partially
offset by a reduction in benefits expense in fiscal 2017 due to the recording of a $205,000 receivable from Norway&rsquo;s SkatteFUNN
government program designed to encourage research and development in Norwegian trade and industry, which related to previous periods.
In addition, our headcount increased from 54 employees at July 31, 2016 to 64 employees at July 31, 2017. In light of our focus
on growth and profitability, we expect, excluding the marketplace initiative, to reduce our costs by $1.5-$2.0 million annually.
These savings will be realized from a combination of workforce reduction, infrastructure savings and tighter discretionary spending
controls. We believe that these efforts will afford us the resources needed to execute the marketplace initiative well.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Selling,
general and administrative expense included stock-based compensation expense of $275,000 and $166,000 in fiscal 2017 and 2016,
respectively. At July 31, 2017, unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock-based compensation was an aggregate
of $590,000. The unrecognized compensation expense will be recognized on a straight-line basis over the remaining vesting period
of the relevant grant that ends in 2020.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Depreciation
and amortization</I>.&nbsp;Depreciation and amortization consists mainly of amortization of capitalized software and technology
development costs of our internal developers on various projects that we invested in specific to the various platforms on which
we operate our service.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Write-off
of capitalized software and technology development costs</I>.&nbsp;In each of fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016, we decided to abandon
certain software and technology projects that were in development. Since these abandoned projects did not have any future benefit,
we charged the capitalized software and technology development costs for these projects to expense.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Net
gain (loss) resulting from foreign exchange transactions</I>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Net gain (loss) resulting from foreign exchange transactions
are comprised of losses and gains generated from movements in Norwegian Krone, or NOK, relative to the U.S. Dollar including gains
or losses from our NOK hedging activities. In fiscal 2017 and 2016, we had a gain of $105,000 and a loss of $142,000, respectively,
from NOK hedging activities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Benefit
from (provision for) income taxes</I>.&nbsp;The decrease in the provision for income taxes in fiscal 2017 compared to fiscal 2016
was due to the jurisdiction in which income was earned in fiscal 2017 compared to fiscal 2016 and our ability to use net operating
losses in those jurisdictions.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 26; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->24<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>LIQUIDITY
AND CAPITAL RESOURCES</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At
July 31, 2017, we had cash and cash equivalents of $4.6 million and working capital (current assets less current liabilities)
of $5.1&nbsp;million. We currently expect that our cash and cash equivalents on hand, and our cash from operations will be sufficient
to meet our anticipated cash requirements during fiscal 2018. We also maintain a revolving line of credit of up to $2.5 million
and a foreign exchange contract facility of up to $5.0 million with Western Alliance Bank, as discussed below in Financing Activities.</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="CENTER" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">(in thousands)</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Fiscal year ended <BR> July&nbsp;31,</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2017</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2016</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">Cash flows (used in) provided by</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76%; text-align: left; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 12pt">Operating activities</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">(97</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">1,842</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 12pt">Investing activities</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(1,506</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(1,006</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 12pt">Financing activities</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">166</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">3,009</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 12pt">Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">39</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(37</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 12pt">(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(1,398</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">3,808</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Operating
Activities</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
cash flow from operations varies significantly from quarter to quarter and from year to year, depending on our operating results
and the timing of operating cash receipts and payments, specifically trade accounts receivable and trade accounts payable. Cash
(used in) provided by operating activities is also impacted by the factors impacting revenue discussed above. The change in cash
(used in) provided by operating activities in fiscal 2017 compared to fiscal 2016 was primarily due to the decrease in revenues
generated from our service offerings plus the increases in direct cost of revenues and selling, general and administrative expense.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
September 2016, we were notified that the Zedge Europe AS tax returns for 2012 through 2016 were going to be audited by the tax
authorities in Norway. The initial audit meeting took place in October 2016 and the audit is progressing. No significant issues
have been identified at this time. Amounts asserted by taxing authorities or the amount ultimately assessed against us could be
greater than the accrued amount. Accordingly, provisions may be recorded in the future as estimates are revised or underlying
matters are settled or resolved. Imposition of assessments as a result of tax audits could have an adverse effect on our results
of operations, cash flows and financial condition.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
September 2017, we entered into an Agreement and Release with Freeform Development, Inc. (&ldquo;Freeform&rdquo;) and certain
of its former employees, pursuant to which we obtained releases for the employees from their Freeform employment agreements in
exchange for payments by us to satisfy certain of Freeform&rsquo;s liabilities. We paid Freeform $125,000 in cash to pay its operating
liabilities (with any excess to be refunded to us), and we paid the holders of Freeform&rsquo;s convertible promissory notes cash
of $97,567 and issued the noteholders a total of 126,679 shares of our Class B common stock. In addition, we issued a total of
192,953 shares of our Class B common stock to the employees and the employees entered into Employment Agreements with us. The
aggregate consideration paid by us in connection with these matters was $833,000 consisting of cash of $223,000 and 319,632 shares
of our Class B common stock with a fair market value of $611,000 on the date of issue.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Investing
Activities</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cash
used in investing activities in fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016 consisted mostly of capitalized software and technology development
costs related to various projects that we invested in specific to the various platforms on which we operate our service.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Financing
Activities</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.35pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
received proceeds of $109,790 from the exercise of stock options in fiscal 2017 for which we issued 280,700 shares of our Class
B common stock. In addition, in fiscal 2017, we received proceeds of $56,840 from the exercise of stock options in fiscal 2016,
which was recorded as a receivable at July 31, 2016. We received proceeds of $8,579 from the exercise of stock options in fiscal
2016. In fiscal 2016, we issued 99,782 shares of our Class B common stock upon the exercise of stock options.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.35pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
connection with the Spin-Off, in May 2016, certain of our equity holders purchased shares of our Class B common stock representing
approximately 10.0% of our capital stock for $3 million.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 27; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->25<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of September 27, 2016, we entered into a loan and security agreement with Western Alliance Bank for a revolving credit facility
of up to $2.5 million. Advances under this facility may not exceed the lesser of $2.5 million or 80% of our eligible accounts
receivable subject to certain concentration limits. The revolving credit facility is secured by a lien on substantially all of
our assets. The outstanding principal amount bears interest per annum at the greater of 3.5% or the prime rate plus 1.25%. Interest
is payable monthly and all outstanding principal and any accrued and unpaid interest is due on the maturity date of September
27, 2018. We are required to pay an annual facility fee of $12,500 to Western Alliance Bank. We are also required to comply with
various affirmative and negative covenants as well as maintain certain financial ratios during the term of the revolving credit
facility. The covenants include a prohibition on us not paying any dividend on our capital stock. We may terminate this agreement
at any time without penalty or premium provided that we pay down any outstanding principal, accrued interest and bank expenses.
At July 31, 2017, there were no amounts outstanding under the revolving credit facility and we were in compliance with all of
the covenants. The bank recently acquiesced to the transaction with Freeform despite certain contractual restrictions.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of November 16, 2016, we entered into a Foreign Exchange Agreement with Western Alliance Bank to allow us to enter into foreign
exchange contracts not to exceed $5.0 million in the aggregate at any point in time under our revolving credit facility. The available
borrowing under the revolving credit facility is reduced by an applicable foreign exchange reserve percentage as determined by
Western Alliance Bank, in its reasonable discretion from time to time, which was initially set at 10% of the nominal amount of
the foreign exchange contracts in effect at the relevant time. In December 2016, the applicable foreign exchange reserve percentage
was changed so that so that the reduction of available borrowing for major currency forward contracts of less than six months
tenor is set at 10% of the nominal amount of the foreign exchange contracts, and for contracts over six months tenor, 12.5% of
the nominal amount of the foreign exchange contracts. At July 31, 2017, there were $2.0 million of outstanding foreign exchange
contracts with less than six months tenor under the credit facility, and no contracts of greater than six months tenor, which
reduced the available borrowing under the revolving credit facility by $200,000.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
do not anticipate paying dividends on our common stock until we achieve sustainable profitability and retain certain minimum cash
reserves. The payment of dividends in any specific period will be at the sole discretion of our Board of Directors.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Changes
in Trade Accounts Receivable</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Gross
trade accounts receivable were $1.7 million at both July 31, 2017 and 2016. Our cash collections in fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016
were $10.9 million and $12.8 million, respectively.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Concentration
of Credit Risk and Significant Customers</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Historically,
we have had very little or no bad debt, which is common with other platforms of our size that derive their revenue from digital
advertising, as we aggressively manage our collections and perform due diligence on our customers. In addition, the majority of
our revenue is derived from large, credit-worthy customers, e.g. MoPub (owned by Twitter), Ogury, Google, and Millennial Media,
and we terminate our services with smaller customers immediately upon balances becoming past due. Since these smaller customers
rely on us to derive their own revenue, they generally pay their outstanding balances on a timely basis.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
fiscal 2017, three customers represented 43%, 17% and 10% of our revenue, and in fiscal 2016, three customers represented 45%,
20% and 13% of our revenue. At July 31, 2017 two customers represented 47% and 12% of our accounts receivable balance, and at
July 31, 2016, one customer represented 62% of our accounts receivable balance. All of these significant customers were advertising
exchanges operated by leading companies, and the receivables represent many smaller amounts due from advertisers.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>CONTRACTUAL
OBLIGATIONS AND OTHER COMMERCIAL COMMITMENTS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Smaller
reporting companies are not required to provide the information required by this item.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>OFF-BALANCE
SHEET ARRANGEMENTS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At
July 31, 2017, we did not have any &ldquo;off-balance sheet arrangements,&rdquo; as defined in relevant SEC regulations that are
reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures
or capital resources, other than the following.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
connection with our Spin-Off, we and IDT entered into various agreements prior to the Spin-Off including a Separation and Distribution
Agreement to effect the separation and provide a framework for our relationship with IDT after the Spin-Off, and a Tax Separation
Agreement, which sets forth the responsibilities of us and IDT with respect to, among other things, liabilities for federal, state,
local and foreign taxes for periods before and including the Spin-Off, the preparation and filing of tax returns for such periods
and disputes with taxing authorities regarding taxes for such periods. Pursuant to Separation and Distribution Agreement, among
other things, we indemnify IDT and IDT indemnifies us for losses related to the failure of the other to pay, perform or otherwise
discharge, any of the liabilities and obligations set forth in the agreement. Pursuant to the Tax Separation Agreement, among
other things, IDT indemnifies us from all liability for taxes of ours and any of our subsidiaries or relating to our business
with respect to taxable periods ending on or before the Spin-Off, and we indemnify IDT from all liability for taxes of ours and
any of our subsidiaries or relating to our business accruing after the Spin-Off. Notwithstanding the foregoing, we are responsible
for, and IDT has no obligation to indemnify us for, any tax liability of ours resulting from an audit, examination or other proceeding
related to any tax returns that relate solely to us and our subsidiaries regardless of whether such tax return relates to a period
prior to or following the Spin-Off.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 28; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->26<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><A NAME="a_011"></A><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Item
7A.&nbsp;&nbsp;Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risks.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Smaller
reporting companies are not required to provide the information required by this item.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><A NAME="a_012"></A><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Item
8.&nbsp;&nbsp;Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company and the report of the independent registered public accounting firm thereon starting
on page F-1 are included herein.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><A NAME="a_013"></A><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Item
9.&nbsp;&nbsp;Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Not
applicable.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><A NAME="a_014"></A><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Item
9A.&nbsp;&nbsp;Controls and Procedures.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Evaluation
of Disclosure Controls and Procedures&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures
(as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended), as of the end of the period
covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer
have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of July 31, 2017.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.35pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Report
of Management on Internal Control over Financial Reporting</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.35pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We,
the management of Zedge, Inc. and subsidiaries (the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;), are responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate
internal control over financial reporting of the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) promulgated under the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the Company&rsquo;s principal executive and principal
financial officers and effected by the Company&rsquo;s board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable
assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the Company&rsquo;s financial statements for
external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States and includes those policies
and procedures that:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pertain
    to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of
    assets of the Company;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Provide
    reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance
    with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance
    with authorizations of management and directors of the Company;&nbsp;and</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Provide
    reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company&rsquo;s
    assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Management
has assessed the effectiveness of the Company&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting as of July&nbsp;31, 2017. In making
this assessment, the Company&rsquo;s management used the criteria established in <I>Internal Control &mdash; Integrated Framework
</I>(2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Under
the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial
officer, we conducted an evaluation of our internal control over financial reporting, as prescribed above, as of July 31, 2017.
Based on our evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that the Company&rsquo;s internal
control over financial reporting was effective as of July 31, 2017.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
Annual Report on Form 10-K does not include an attestation report of our independent registered public accounting firm regarding
internal control over financial reporting because as a smaller reporting company we are not subject to attestation by our independent
registered public accounting firm pursuant to rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission that permit us to provide only management&rsquo;s
report in this Annual Report.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 29; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->27<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.35pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Changes
in Internal Control over Financial Reporting&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.35pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.35pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">During
the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017, we made changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected,
or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Upon the completion of the Spin-Off,
we became a public company in the United States subject to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Under Section&nbsp;404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley
Act of 2002, or Section&nbsp;404, a newly public company is not required to comply with either the management or the auditor reporting
requirements related to internal control over financial reporting until its second annual report, if applicable. As such we are
required to include a report of management on our internal control over financial reporting in our annual report beginning with
our annual report for the fiscal year ending July 31, 2017. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017, we and IDT designed additional
review and monitoring procedures in IDT&rsquo;s accounting and finance organization and identified and implemented improved processes
and controls to satisfy our higher level of requirements.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.35pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><A NAME="a_015"></A><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Item
9B.&nbsp;&nbsp;Other Information.&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Changes
of Control of Registrant</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By
way of a&nbsp;series of transfers completed on October 25, 2016, Debbie Jonas, as trustee of trusts for the benefit of the Jonas
children, and Howard Jonas transferred an aggregate of 524,775 shares of our Class A common stock and 1,278,120 shares of our
Class B Common Stock, valued at $2,517,703, to Michael Jonas, son of Howard and Debbie Jonas. A trust for the benefit of Michael
Jonas transferred other companies&rsquo; equities of an equivalent value to Howard Jonas in exchange for these shares. Each of
Michael Jonas and Howard Jonas has been a director of ours since May 23, 2016.&nbsp;The Class A common stock is entitled to three
votes per share and is convertible into shares of our Class B common stock on a 1-for-1 basis.&nbsp;The Class B common stock is
entitled to 1/10 of a vote per share.&nbsp;As of October 25, 2016 and October 25, 2017, Michael Jonas beneficially owned all 524,775
outstanding shares of our Class A common stock, and 1,278,740 shares of our Class B common stock, and controlled 67.6% and of
the combined voting power of our outstanding capital stock.&nbsp;As of October 25, 2017, Howard Jonas beneficially owned 441,528
shares of our Class B common stock (representing 1.8% of the combined voting power of our outstanding capital stock).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">There
is no arrangement or understanding between the Company and Howard Jonas or Michael Jonas with respect to the election of our directors
or other matters, nor is the Company aware of any such arrangements between Howard Jonas and Michael Jonas.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 30; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->28<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 0"><A NAME="a_016"></A><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>PART&nbsp;III</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><A NAME="a_017"></A><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Item
10.&nbsp;&nbsp;Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant, and Corporate Governance</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following is a list of our directors and executive officers along with the specific information required by Rule 14a-3 of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Executive
Officers</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.35pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Tom
Arnoy - Chief Executive Officer&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.35pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Jonathan
Reich - Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.35pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Directors&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.35pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Todd
Feldman&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.35pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mark
Ghermezian&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.35pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Stephen
Greenberg&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.35pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Howard
S. Jonas&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.35pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Michael
Jonas</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.35pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
remaining information required by this Item will be contained in our Proxy Statement for our Annual Stockholders Meeting, which
will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after July&nbsp;31, 2017, and which is incorporated
by reference herein.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Corporate
Governance</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have included as exhibits to this Annual Report on Form 10-K certificates of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer
certifying the quality of our public disclosure.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
make available free of charge through the investor relations page of our web site (<U>investor.zedge.net</U> ) our Annual Reports
on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and all amendments to those reports, and all beneficial
ownership reports on Forms 3, 4 and 5 filed by directors, officers and beneficial owners of more than 10% of our equity, as soon
as reasonably practicable after such reports are electronically filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. We have adopted
codes of business conduct and ethics for all of our employees, including our principal executive officer, principal financial
officer and principal accounting officer. Copies of the codes of business conduct and ethics are available on our web site.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
web site and the information contained therein or incorporated therein are not intended to be incorporated into this Annual Report
on Form 10-K or our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><A NAME="a_018"></A><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Item&nbsp;11.&nbsp;&nbsp;Executive
Compensation</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
information required by this Item will be contained in our Proxy Statement for our Annual Stockholders Meeting, which will be
filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after July&nbsp;31, 2017, and which is incorporated by reference
herein.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><A NAME="a_019"></A><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Item
12.&nbsp;&nbsp;Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
information required by this Item will be contained in our Proxy Statement for our Annual Stockholders Meeting, which will be
filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after July&nbsp;31, 2017, and which is incorporated by reference
herein.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><A NAME="a_020"></A><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Item
13.&nbsp;&nbsp;Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
information required by this Item will be contained in our Proxy Statement for our Annual Stockholders Meeting, which will be
filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after July&nbsp;31, 2017, and which is incorporated by reference
herein.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><A NAME="a_021"></A><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Item&nbsp;14.&nbsp;&nbsp;Principal
Accounting Fees and Services</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
information required by this Item will be contained in our Proxy Statement for our Annual Stockholders Meeting, which will be
filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after July&nbsp;31, 2017, and which is incorporated by reference
herein.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 31; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->29<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 0"><A NAME="a_022"></A><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>PART
IV</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><A NAME="a_023"></A><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Item
15.&nbsp;&nbsp;Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
    following documents are filed as part of this Report:</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Report
    of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Consolidated Financial Statements<BR>
    <BR>
    Consolidated Financial Statements covered by Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Financial
    Statement Schedule.<BR>
    <BR>
    All schedules have been omitted since they are either included in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements or not required
    or not applicable.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Exhibits.
    Exhibit Numbers 10.1, 10.7, 10.8 and 10.9 are management contracts or compensatory plans or arrangements.<BR>
    <BR>
    The exhibits listed in paragraph (b)&nbsp;of this item are filed, furnished, or incorporated by reference as part of this
    Form&nbsp;10-K.<BR>
    <BR>
    Certain of&nbsp;the agreements filed as exhibits to this Form 10-K contain representations and warranties by the parties to
    the agreements that have been made solely for the benefit of the parties to the agreement. These representations and warranties:</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">may
    have been qualified by disclosures that were made to the other parties in connection with the negotiation of the agreements,
    which disclosures are not necessarily reflected in the agreements;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">may
    apply standards of materiality that differ from those of a reasonable investor; and</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">were
    made only as of specified dates contained in the agreements and are subject to subsequent developments and changed circumstances.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Accordingly,
these representations and warranties may not describe the actual state of affairs as of the date that these representations and
warranties were made or at any other time.&nbsp;Investors&nbsp;should not rely on them as statements of fact.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Exhibits.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 8%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Exhibit <BR>
</FONT>Number</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 1%; padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 91%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-right: 0.8pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Description
    of Exhibits</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.1(1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1667313/000121390016013946/f1012gposam2ex3i_zedge.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Zedge, Inc.</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.2(1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1667313/000121390016013946/f1012gposam2ex3ii_zedge.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Amended and Restated By-Laws of Zedge, Inc.</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.1*</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="f10k2017ex10-01_zedgeinc.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2016 Stock Option and Incentive Plan, as Amended and Restated</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.2(1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1667313/000121390016013946/f1012gposam2ex10ii_zedge.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Transition Services Agreement</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.3(1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1667313/000121390016013946/f1012gposam2ex10iii_zedge.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Tax Separation Agreement</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.4(2)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1667313/000121390016012774/f1012g2016a1ex10iv_zedge.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Google Services Agreement between Zedge, Inc. and Google, Inc., dated June 18, 2014</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.5(2)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1667313/000121390016012774/f1012g2016a1ex10v_zedge.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Marketplace for Premier Publishers Agreement between Zedge, Inc. and MoPub, Inc., dated February 20, 2013</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.6(3)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1667313/000121390016013624/f1012gposam1ex10vi_zedgeinc.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Zedge Holdings, Inc. 2008 Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan, as amended and restated on November 1, 2011</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.7(1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1667313/000121390016013946/f1012gposam2ex10vii_zedge.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of ISO Stock Option Agreement</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.8(1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1667313/000121390016013946/f1012gposam2ex10viii_zedge.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Nonqualified Stock Option Agreement</FONT></A></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 32; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->30<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 8%"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Exhibit <BR>
</FONT>Number</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-right: 0.8pt; width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-right: 0.8pt; width: 91%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Description
    of Exhibits</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.9(1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1667313/000121390016013946/f1012gposam2ex10ix_zedge.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Restricted Stock Agreement</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">21.01*</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="f10k2017ex21-01_zedgeinc.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Subsidiaries of the Registrant</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">23.01*</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="f10k2017ex23-01_zedgeinc.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consent of BDO USA, LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">31.01*</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="f10k2017ex31-01_zedgeinc.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">31.02*</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="f10k2017ex31-02_zedgeinc.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">32.01*</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="f10k2017ex32-01_zedgeinc.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">32.02*</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="f10k2017ex32-02_zedgeinc.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">101.INS*</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">XBRL
    Instance Document</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">101.SCH*</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">XBRL
    Taxonomy Extension Schema Document</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">101.CAL*</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">XBRL
    Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">101.DEF*</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">XBRL
    Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">101.LAB*</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">XBRL
    Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">101.PRE*</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">XBRL
    Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt; width: 4%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">filed herewith.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>


<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 4%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated
    by reference to Form 10-12G/A, filed June 1, 2016.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 4%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated
    by reference to Form 10-12G/A, filed April 25, 2016.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 4%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated
    by reference to Form 10-12G/A, filed May 20, 2016.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.35pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.35pt"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 33; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->31<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><A NAME="a_024"></A>SIGNATURES</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pursuant
to the requirements of Section&nbsp;13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Annual
Report on Form 10-K to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 1.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ZEDGE,
    INC.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 60%; padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 4%; padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 36%; padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-right: 0.8pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/
    Jonathan Reich</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Jonathan
Reich</B>&nbsp;</FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Chief&nbsp;Financial&nbsp;Officer</B></FONT></P></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.35pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.35pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Date:
October&nbsp;30, 2017</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.35pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Annual Report on Form 10-K has been signed by the following persons
on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 30%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Signature</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Titles</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 20%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Date</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><BR>
    <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">/s/ Tom Arnoy</FONT></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief
Executive Officer</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">October&nbsp;30,
    2017</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Tom
    Arnoy</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Principal
    Executive Officer)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/
    Jonathan Reich</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief
    Financial Officer</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">October&nbsp;30,
    2017</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Jonathan
    Reich</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Principal
    Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) &nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/
    Todd Feldman</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">October&nbsp;30,
    2017</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Todd
    Feldman</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/
    Mark Ghermezian</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">October&nbsp;30,
    2017</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Mark
    Ghermezian</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/
    Stephen Greenberg</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">October&nbsp;30,
    2017</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Stephen
    Greenberg</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/
    Howard S. Jonas</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">October&nbsp;30,
    2017</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Howard
    S. Jonas</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/
    Michael Jonas</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">October&nbsp;30,
    2017</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Michael
    Jonas</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 34; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->32<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Zedge,
Inc.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.35pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.35pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Index
to Consolidated Financial Statements</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.35pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 92%; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-bottom: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="#f_001"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 8%; padding-left: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-bottom: 0; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-2</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0; padding-bottom: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0; padding-bottom: 0; padding-left: 0; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-bottom: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="#f_002"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consolidated Balance Sheets as of July&nbsp;31, 2017 and 2016</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-bottom: 0; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-3</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0; padding-bottom: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0; padding-bottom: 0; padding-left: 0; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-bottom: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="#f_003"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income for the Years Ended July&nbsp;31, 2017 and 2016</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-bottom: 0; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-4</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0; padding-bottom: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0; padding-bottom: 0; padding-left: 0; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-bottom: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="#f_004"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consolidated Statements of Stockholders&rsquo; Equity for the Years Ended July&nbsp;31, 2017 and 2016</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-bottom: 0; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-5</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0; padding-bottom: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0; padding-bottom: 0; padding-left: 0; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-bottom: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="#f_005"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended July&nbsp;31, 2017 and 2016</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-bottom: 0; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-6</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0; padding-bottom: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0; padding-bottom: 0; padding-left: 0; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-bottom: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="#f_006"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-bottom: 0; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-7</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 1; Options: NewSection; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->1<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt; text-align: center"><A NAME="f_001"></A><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">REPORT
OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM</FONT></P>




<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Board
of Directors and Stockholders</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Zedge,
Inc.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">New
York, New York</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Zedge, Inc. (the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;) as of July 31, 2017 and 2016
and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income, stockholders&rsquo; equity, and cash flows for the years
then ended. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company&rsquo;s management. Our responsibility is to express
an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those
standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are
free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control
over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing
audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness
of the Company&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes
examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting
principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.
We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position
of Zedge, Inc. at July 31, 2017 and 2016, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended<B>,</B>
in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/
BDO USA, LLP</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Woodbridge,
New Jersey</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">October
30, 2017</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 2; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->2<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><A NAME="f_002"></A><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ZEDGE,
INC.</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS</FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(in thousands, except par value)</FONT></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">July&nbsp;31,</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2017</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2016</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">ASSETS</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">CURRENT
    ASSETS:</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76%; text-align: left; padding-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Cash
    and cash equivalents</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">4,580</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">5,978</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Trade
    accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $0 at July 31, 2017 and 2016</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1,712</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1,668</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Prepaid
    expenses</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">315</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">210</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Other
    current assets</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">427</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">107</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">TOTAL
    CURRENT ASSETS</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">7,034</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">7,963</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Property
    and equipment, net</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2,678</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1,843</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Goodwill</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2,518</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2,361</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Other
    assets</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">301</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">266</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">TOTAL
    ASSETS</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">12,531</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">12,433</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">LIABILITIES
    AND STOCKHOLDERS&rsquo; EQUITY</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">CURRENT
    LIABILITIES:</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Trade
    accounts payable</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">33</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">36</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Accrued
    expenses</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1,840</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1,487</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Deferred
    revenue</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">15</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Due
    to IDT Corporation</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">36</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">299</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">TOTAL
    CURRENT LIABILITIES</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1,909</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1,837</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">TOTAL
    LIABILITIES</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1,909</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1,837</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Commitments
    and contingencies (Note 8)</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">STOCKHOLDERS&rsquo;
    EQUITY:</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Preferred
    stock, $0.01 par value; authorized shares&mdash;2,400; no shares issued</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Class
    A common stock; $0.01 par value; authorized shares&mdash;2,600; 525 shares issued and outstanding at July&nbsp;31, 2017 and 2016</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">5</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">5</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Class
    B common stock; $0.01 par value; authorized shares&mdash;40,000; 9,123 and 8,819 shares issued and outstanding at July 31,
    2017 and 2016, respectively</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">91</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">88</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Additional
    paid-in capital</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">21,446</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">21,045</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Accumulated
    other comprehensive loss</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(584</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(817</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Accumulated
    deficit</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(10,336</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(9,725</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">TOTAL
    STOCKHOLDERS&rsquo; EQUITY</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10,622</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10,596</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">TOTAL
    LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS&rsquo; EQUITY</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">12,531</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">12,433</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">See
accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 3; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->3<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><A NAME="f_003"></A>ZEDGE,
INC.</B></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME</B></FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(in thousands, except per share data)</B></FONT></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Year
    ended July&nbsp;31,</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2017</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2016</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76%; font-weight: bold; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">REVENUES</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10,031</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">11,113</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">COSTS
    AND EXPENSES:</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Direct
    cost of revenue (exclusive of amortization of capitalized software and technology development costs included below)</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1,567</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1,299</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Selling,
    general and administrative</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">8,468</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">7,755</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Depreciation
    and amortization</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">643</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">605</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Write-off
    of capitalized software and technology development costs</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">36</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">281</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(LOSS)
    INCOME FROM OPERATIONS</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(683</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1,173</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Interest
    and other income</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">19</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Net
    gain (loss) resulting from foreign exchange transactions</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">37</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(49</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(LOSS)
    INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(627</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1,126</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Benefit
    from (provision for) income taxes</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">16</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(143</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">NET
    (LOSS) INCOME</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(611</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">983</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Other
    comprehensive income (loss):</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Changes
    in foreign currency translation adjustment</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">233</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(162</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">TOTAL
    OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">233</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(162</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">TOTAL
    COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(378</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">821</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(Loss)
    earnings per share attributable to Zedge, Inc. common stockholders:</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Basic</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(0.06</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.12</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Diluted</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(0.06</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.11</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Weighted-average
    number of shares used in calculation of (loss) earnings per share:</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Basic</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">9,467</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">8,346</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Diluted</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">9,467</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">9,279</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">See
accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 4; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->4<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A NAME="f_004"></A>ZEDGE,
INC.</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS&rsquo; EQUITY</FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(in&nbsp;thousands)</FONT></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><B>Class
    A Common Stock</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><B>Class
    B Common Stock</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><B>Additional</B></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><BR>
    <FONT STYLE="font-size: 8pt"><B>Paid-in</B></FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><B>Accumulated
    Other Comprehensive</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><B>Accumulated</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><B>Total</B></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><BR>
    <FONT STYLE="font-size: 8pt"><B>Stockholders&rsquo;</B></FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><B>Shares&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><B>Amount&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><B>Shares&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><B>Amount</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><B>Capital</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><B>Income
    (Loss)</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><B>Deficit</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><B>Equity</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 20%; font-weight: bold; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Balance
    &ndash; July 31, 2015</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">525</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">5</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">7,637</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">76</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">17,726</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">(655</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">(10,708</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">6,444</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Reclassification
    of mezzanine equity</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">100</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">100</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Sale
    of equity prior to the Spin-Off</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">1,083</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">11</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">2,989</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">3,000</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Exercise
    of stock options</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">100</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">1</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">64</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">65</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Stock-based
    compensation</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">(1</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">)</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">166</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">166</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Foreign
    currency translation adjustment</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">(162</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">)</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">(162</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Net
    income</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">983</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">983</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Balance
    &ndash; July 31, 2016</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">525</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">5</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">8,819</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">88</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">21,045</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">(817</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">)</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">(9,725</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">)</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">10,596</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Exercise
    of stock options</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">281</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">3</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">107</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">110</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Stock-based
    compensation</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">18</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">275</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">275</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Stock
    issued for matching contributions to the 401(k) Plan</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">5</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">19</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">19</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Foreign
    currency translation adjustment</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">233</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">233</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Net
    loss</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">(611</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">(611</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Balance
    &ndash; July 31, 2017</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">525</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">5</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">9,123</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">91</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">21,446</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">(584</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">(10,336</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">10,622</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">See
accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 5; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->5<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><A NAME="f_005"></A><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ZEDGE,
INC.</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS</FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(in thousands)</FONT></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Year
    ended July&nbsp;31,</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2017</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2016</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">OPERATING
    ACTIVITIES</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76%; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Net
    (loss) income</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(611</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">983</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Adjustments
    to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Depreciation
    and amortization</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">643</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">605</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Deferred
    income taxes</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(28</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(26</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Write-off
    of capitalized software and technology development costs</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">36</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">281</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Stock-based
    compensation</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">275</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">166</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Change
    in assets and liabilities:</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Trade
    accounts receivable</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(45</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(46</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Prepaid
    expenses and other current assets</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(481</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(94</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Other
    assets</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(8</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(7</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Trade
    accounts payable and accrued expenses</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">400</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">39</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Due
    to IDT Corporation</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(263</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(70</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Deferred
    revenue</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(15</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">11</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Net
    cash (used in) provided by operating activities</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(97</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1,842</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">INVESTING
    ACTIVITIES</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Capitalized
    software and technology development costs and purchase of equipment</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(1,506</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(1,006</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Net
    cash used in investing activities</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(1,506</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(1,006</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">FINANCING
    ACTIVITIES</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Proceeds
    from exercise of stock options</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">166</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">9</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Sale
    of equity prior to the Spin-Off</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">3,000</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Net
    cash provided by financing activities</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">166</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">3,009</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Effect
    of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">39</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(37</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Net
    (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(1,398</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">3,808</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Cash
    and cash equivalents at beginning of year</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">5,978</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2,170</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Cash
    and cash equivalents at end of year</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">4,580</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">5,978</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">SUPPLEMENTAL
    DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Cash
    payments made for income taxes</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">112</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">SUPPLEMENTAL
    SCHEDULE OF NON-CASH FINANCING ACTIVITIES</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Receivable
    for exercise of stock options</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">56</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Reclassification
    of mezzanine equity</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">100</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">See
accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 6; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->6<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->



<P STYLE="margin: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A NAME="f_006"></A>ZEDGE,
INC.</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><BR>
<BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</FONT></FONT></P>




<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
1&mdash;Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Description
of Business</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Zedge,
Inc. (the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;), a Delaware corporation, was incorporated in 2008. <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">The
Company&rsquo;s content platform enables consumers to personalize their mobile devices with free, high-quality ringtones, wallpapers,
home screen app icons, widgets and notification sounds. </FONT>The Company conducts business as a single operating segment.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
consolidated financial statements include all of the accounts of the Company and Zedge Europe AS, a Norwegian corporation and
Zedge Canada, Inc. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&rsquo;s fiscal year ends on July&nbsp;31 of each calendar year. Each reference below to a fiscal year refers to the fiscal
year ending in the calendar year indicated (e.g., fiscal 2017 refers to the fiscal year ended July&nbsp;31, 2017).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Spin-Off</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company was formerly a majority-owned subsidiary of IDT Corporation (&ldquo;IDT&rdquo;). On June 1, 2016, IDT&rsquo;s interest
in the Company was spun-off by IDT to IDT&rsquo;s stockholders and the Company became an independent public company through a
pro rata distribution of the Company&rsquo;s common stock held by IDT to IDT&rsquo;s stockholders (the &ldquo;Spin-Off&rdquo;).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Basis
of Accounting</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
assets and liabilities in the accompanying financial statements are recorded at historical cost. Direct expenses historically
incurred by IDT prior to the Spin-Off on behalf of the Company and Zedge Europe AS are reflected in these financial statements.
The most significant expenses as covered under a Master Services Agreement with IDT were as follows: legal and professional fees,
and salaries and employee benefits were allocated based on specific identification; certain facility costs, travel, and consulting
fees, as well as salaries of personnel in the payroll, human resources, purchasing, accounts payable, treasury, network and telephone
services and legal departments were allocated based on estimates of the incremental cost incurred by IDT; medical and dental benefits
were allocated based on rates similar to COBRA health benefit provision rates charged to former IDT employees; stock-based compensation
and retirement benefits under IDT&rsquo;s defined contribution plan were allocated based on specific identification; and insurance
was allocated based on a combination of headcount and specific policy identification. Management believes that the assumptions
and methods of allocation used were reasonable. However, the costs as allocated were not necessarily indicative of the costs that
would have been incurred if the Company operated on a stand-alone basis. Therefore, the consolidated financial statements included
herein may not necessarily be indicative of the financial position, results of operations, changes in stockholders&rsquo; equity
and cash flows of the Company to be expected in the future or what they would have been had the Company been a separate stand-alone
entity during the periods presented.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Use
of Estimates</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America
(&ldquo;U.S. GAAP&rdquo;) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial
statements and accompanying notes. Actual results may differ from those estimates.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Revenue
Recognition</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company generates over 90% of its revenues from selling its advertising inventory to advertising networks, advertising exchanges,
and direct arrangements with advertisers. Advertising networks and advertising exchanges are third party technology platforms
that facilitate the buying and selling of media advertising inventory from multiple ad networks. The price of advertising inventory
is fixed on an advertising network whereas the price for inventory is determined through bidding on an advertising exchange. The
Company&rsquo;s direct arrangements with advertisers are primarily related to game publishers. The Company recognizes advertising
revenue as advertisements are delivered to users through impressions, ad views or app installs (depending on the terms agreed
upon with the advertiser), as long as evidence of the arrangement with the payer exists (generally through an executed contract),
the price is fixed and determinable, and the Company has assessed collectability as reasonably assured.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
remainder of the Company&rsquo;s revenue is primarily generated from our managing and optimizing the advertising inventory of
a third-party mobile application publisher, as well as overseeing the billing, collections and reporting related to advertising
for this publisher.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
Company generally reports its revenue net of amounts due to agencies and brokers because the Company is not the primary obligor
in the relevant arrangements, it does not finalize the pricing, and it does not establish or maintain a direct relationship with
the advertiser. Certain advertising arrangements that are directly between the Company and advertisers are recognized gross equal
to the price paid to the Company by the customer since the Company is the primary obligor and the Company determines the price.
Any third party costs related to such direct relationships are recognized as direct cost of revenues.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 7; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->7<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Concentration
                                         of Credit Risk and Significant Customers</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Financial
instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist principally of cash, cash equivalents
and trade accounts receivable. The Company holds cash and cash equivalents at several major financial institutions, which may
exceed FDIC insured limits. Historically, the Company has not experienced any losses due to such concentration of credit risk.
The Company&rsquo;s temporary cash investments policy is to limit the dollar amount of investments with any one financial institution
and monitor the credit ratings of those institutions. While the Company may be exposed to credit losses due to the nonperformance
of the holders of its deposits, the Company does not expect the settlement of these transactions to have a material effect on
its results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.</FONT></P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company routinely assesses the financial strength of its customers. As a result, the Company believes that its accounts receivable
credit risk exposure is limited and has not experienced significant write-downs in its accounts receivable balances. In the year
ended July 31, 2017, three customers represented 43%, 17%, and 10% of the Company's revenue and in the year ended July 31, 2016
three customers represented 45%, 20% and 13% of the Company's revenue. At July 31, 2017, two customers represented 47% and 12%
of the Company&rsquo;s accounts receivable balance and at July 31, 2016, one customer represented 62% of the Company&rsquo;s accounts
receivable balance. All of these significant customers were advertising exchanges operated by leading companies, and the receivables
represent many smaller amounts due from advertisers.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Direct
Cost of Revenues</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Direct
cost of revenues for the Company consists of fees paid to third parties that provide the Company with internet hosting, content
serving and filtering, and marketing automation services. Such costs are charged to expense as incurred.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Long-Lived
Assets</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Property
and equipment is recorded at cost and depreciated on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful lives, which range as follows:
capitalized software and technology development costs&mdash;3 years; and other&mdash;3, 5, 7, 10 or 20 years. Other is comprised
of furniture and fixtures, office equipment, video conference equipment, computer hardware and computer software.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company tests the recoverability of its long-lived assets with finite useful lives whenever events or changes in circumstances
indicate that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. The Company tests for recoverability based on the projected
undiscounted cash flows to be derived from such asset. If the projected undiscounted future cash flows are less than the carrying
value of the asset, the Company will record an impairment loss, if any, based on the difference between the estimated fair value
and the carrying value of the asset. The Company generally measures fair value by considering sale prices for similar assets or
by discounting estimated future cash flows from such asset using an appropriate discount rate. Cash flow projections and fair
value estimates require significant estimates and assumptions by management. Should the estimates and assumptions prove to be
incorrect, the Company may be required to record impairments in future periods and such impairments could be material.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Capitalized
Software and Technology Development Costs</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company accounts for capitalized software and technology development costs in accordance with Accounting Standard Codification
(&ldquo;ASC&rdquo;) 350-40. These costs consist of internal development costs on various projects that the Company invested in
specific to the various platforms on which the Company operates its service that are capitalized during the application development
stage. Capitalized software and technology development costs are included in property and equipment, net and are amortized over
the estimated useful life of the software, generally three years. All ordinary maintenance costs are expensed as incurred.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Goodwill</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Goodwill
represents the excess of purchase price and related costs over the value assigned to the net tangible and identifiable intangible
assets of the business acquired. Under ASC 350, <I>Intangibles-Goodwill and Other</I>, goodwill is not amortized, but instead
is tested for impairment annually, or if certain circumstances indicate a possible impairment may exist. The Company determined
that it is a single reporting unit for its annual impairment test.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
fiscal 2017, the Company adopted the Accounting Standards Update (&ldquo;ASU&rdquo;) that simplifies the subsequent measurement
of goodwill by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. In computing the implied fair value of goodwill under Step
2, an entity had to perform procedures to determine the fair value at the impairment testing date of its assets and liabilities
(including unrecognized assets and liabilities) following the procedure that would be required in determining the fair value of
assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. Instead, under the amendments in this ASU, the Company performs
its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of its reporting unit with its carrying amount. The
Company would recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit&rsquo;s fair
value; however, the loss recognized would not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. Additionally,
the Company considers income tax effects from any tax deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of its reporting unit when measuring
the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&rsquo;s estimated fair value substantially exceeded its carrying value in Step 1 of the Company&rsquo;s annual impairment
tests as of May 1st for the years ended July 31, 2017 and 2016. The Company concluded that no goodwill impairment existed in the
years ended July 31, 2017 and 2016. The Company uses the market approach (guideline company method) for its Step 1 analysis.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 8; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->8<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cash
and Cash Equivalents</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Income
Taxes</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
accompanying financial statements include provisions for federal, state and foreign income taxes. Prior to the Spin-Off, the Company
was included in consolidated federal income tax returns with IDT and IDT&rsquo;s other subsidiaries.&nbsp;Income taxes in the
accompanying consolidated financial statements were calculated on a separate tax return basis.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between
the financial statements carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. A valuation allowance
is provided when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. The ultimate
realization of deferred tax assets depends on the generation of future taxable income during the period in which related temporary
differences become deductible. The Company considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable
income and tax planning strategies in its assessment of a valuation allowance. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured
using the enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected
to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income
in the period that includes the enactment date of such change.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company uses a two-step approach for recognizing and measuring tax benefits taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The
Company determines whether it is more-likely-than-not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination, including resolution
of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. In evaluating whether a tax position
has met the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, the Company presumes that the position will be examined by the appropriate
taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition
threshold are measured to determine the amount of tax benefit to recognize in the financial statements. The tax position is measured
at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Differences
between tax positions taken in a tax return and amounts recognized in the financial statements will generally result in one or
more of the following: an increase in a liability for income taxes payable, a reduction of an income tax refund receivable, a
reduction in a deferred tax asset, or an increase in a deferred tax liability.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company classifies interest and penalties on income taxes as a component of income tax expense.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Contingencies</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company accrues for loss contingencies when both (a)&nbsp;information available prior to issuance of the financial statements
indicates that it is probable that a liability had been incurred at the date of the financial statements and (b)&nbsp;the amount
of loss can reasonably be estimated. When the Company accrues for loss contingencies and the reasonable estimate of the loss is
within a range, the Company records its best estimate within the range. When no amount within the range is a better estimate than
any other amount, the Company accrues the minimum amount in the range. The Company discloses an estimated possible loss or a range
of loss when it is at least reasonably possible that a loss may have been incurred.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Earnings
Per Share</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Basic
earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to all classes of common stockholders of the Company by the
weighted average number of shares of all classes of common stock outstanding during the applicable period. Diluted earnings per
share is computed in the same manner as basic earnings per share, except that the number of shares is increased to include restricted
stock still subject to risk of forfeiture and to assume exercise of potentially dilutive stock options using the treasury stock
method, unless the effect of such increase is anti-dilutive.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
weighted-average number of shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to the Company&rsquo;s
common stockholders consists of the following:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Year
                                         ended July 31,</FONT></P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(in
                          thousands)</FONT></P></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2017</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2016</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Basic weighted-average number of shares</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">9,467</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">8,346</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Effect of dilutive securities:</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Stock options</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></P>


</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">913</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Non-vested
    restricted Class B common stock</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">20</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Diluted weighted-average
    number of shares</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">9,467</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">9,279</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 9; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->9<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following shares were excluded from the diluted earnings per share computation because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Year ended July 31,
    <BR>(in thousands)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2017</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2016</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Stock options</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1,438</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">355</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Non-vested
    restricted Class B common stock</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">53</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Shares
    excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1,491</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">355</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
fiscal 2017, the diluted earnings per share equals basic earnings per share because the Company had a net loss and the impact
of the assumed exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock would have been anti-dilutive. For fiscal 2016, outstanding
stock options were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share because the exercise price of the stock options
was greater than the average market price of the Company&rsquo;s stock during the period.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Stock-Based
Compensation</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company recognizes&nbsp;compensation expense for all of its grants of stock-based awards based on the estimated fair value on
the grant date. Compensation cost for awards is recognized using the straight-line method over the vesting period. Stock-based
compensation is included in selling, general and administrative expense.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
August 1, 2017, the Company adopted the ASU intended to improve the accounting for employee share-based payments. The ASU simplifies
several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification
of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. The adoption of the ASU did not
have an impact on the Company&rsquo;s consolidated financial statements.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fair
Value Measurements</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fair
value of financial and non-financial assets and liabilities is defined as an exit price, which is the price that would be received
to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.
The three-tier hierarchy for inputs used to measure fair value, which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure
fair value, is as follows:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-bottom: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Level&nbsp;1&nbsp;&ndash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-bottom: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 91%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">quoted
    prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-bottom: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Level&nbsp;2&nbsp;&ndash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-bottom: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">quoted
    prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either
    directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-bottom: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Level&nbsp;3&nbsp;&ndash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-bottom: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">unobservable
    inputs based on the Company&rsquo;s assumptions used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
financial asset or liability&rsquo;s classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is
significant to the fair value measurement. The assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement
requires judgment, and may affect the valuation of the assets and liabilities being measured and their placement within the fair
value hierarchy.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Derivative
Instruments &ndash; Foreign Exchange Forward Contracts</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&rsquo;s earnings and cash flows are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, primarily
the <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">U.S. Dollar </FONT>&ndash; Norwegian Krone (&ldquo;NOK&rdquo;) exchange rate. The Company&rsquo;s
risk management policy allows for the use of derivative financial instruments to prudently manage foreign currency exchange rate
exposure. Foreign currency derivative activities are subject to the management, direction and control of the executive management.
Foreign exchange forward contracts are recognized on the consolidated balance sheet at their fair value in &ldquo;Other current
assets&rdquo; or &ldquo;Accrued expenses&rdquo;, and changes in fair value are recognized in &ldquo;Net gain (loss) resulting
from foreign exchange transactions&rdquo; in the consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 10; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->10<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Functional
Currency</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
U.S. Dollar is the Company&rsquo;s functional currency. The functional currencies for the Company&rsquo;s subsidiaries that operate
outside of the United States are NOK for Zedge Europe AS and the Canadian dollar for Zedge Canada, Inc., which are the currencies
of the primary economic environments in which they primarily expend cash. The Company translates assets and liabilities denominated
in foreign currencies to U.S. Dollars at the exchange rate in effect as of the financial statement date, and translates accounts
from the statements of comprehensive (loss) <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">income using the weighted average exchange rate
for the period. Gains or losses resulting from foreign currency translations are recorded in &ldquo;Accumulated other comprehensive
loss&rdquo; in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses including gains and
losses from currency exchange rate changes related to intercompany receivables and payables are reported in &ldquo;Net gain (loss)
resulting from foreign exchange transactions&rdquo; in the accompanying </FONT>consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss)
income. </FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Allowance
for Doubtful Accounts</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
allowance for doubtful accounts reflects the Company&rsquo;s best estimate of probable losses inherent in the accounts receivable
balance. The allowance is determined based on known troubled accounts, historical experience and other currently available evidence.
Doubtful accounts are written-off upon final determination that the trade accounts will not be collected.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Recently
Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
August 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (&ldquo;FASB&rdquo;) issued an ASU intended to improve the financial reporting
of hedging relationships to better portray the economic results of an entity&rsquo;s risk management activities in its financial
statements. In addition, the ASU includes certain targeted improvements to simplify the application of hedge accounting guidance
in U.S. GAAP. The amendments in this ASU are effective for the Company on August 1, 2019. Early application is permitted. Entities
will apply the amendments to cash flow and net investment hedge relationships that exist on the date of adoption using a modified
retrospective approach. The presentation and disclosure requirements will be applied prospectively. The Company is evaluating
the impact that this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
May 2017, the FASB issued an ASU to provide guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award
require an entity to apply modification accounting. Pursuant to this ASU, an entity should account for the effects of a modification
unless all the following are met: (1) the fair value (or calculated value or intrinsic value, if such an alternative measurement
method is used) of the modified award is the same as the fair value (or calculated value or intrinsic value, if such an alternative
measurement method is used) of the original award immediately before the original award is modified (if the modification does
not affect any of the inputs to the valuation technique that the entity uses to value the award, the entity is not required to
estimate the value immediately before and after the modification); (2) the vesting conditions of the modified award are the same
as the vesting conditions of the original award immediately before the original award is modified; and (3) the classification
of the modified award as an equity instrument or a liability instrument is the same as the classification of the original award
immediately before the original award is modified. The Company will adopt the amendments in this ASU prospectively to an award
modified on or after on August 1, 2018. The Company is evaluating the impact that the new standard will have on its consolidated
financial statements.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
January 2017, the FASB issued an ASU to clarify the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities
with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. Under the
current guidance, there are three elements of a business&mdash;inputs, processes, and outputs. While an integrated set of assets
and activities (collectively referred to as a &ldquo;set&rdquo;) that is a business usually has outputs, outputs are not required
to be present. In addition, all the inputs and processes that a seller uses in operating a set are not required if market participants
can acquire the set and continue to produce outputs, for example, by integrating the acquired set with their own inputs and processes.
The amendments in this ASU provide a screen to determine when a set is not a business. The screen requires that when substantially
all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired (or disposed of) is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group
of similar identifiable assets, the set is not a business. This screen reduces the number of transactions that need to be further
evaluated. If the screen is not met, the amendments in this ASU (1) require that to be considered a business, a set must include,
at a minimum, an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create output and (2)
remove the evaluation of whether a market participant could replace missing elements. The amendments provide a framework to assist
entities in evaluating whether both an input and a substantive process are present. The framework includes two sets of criteria
to consider that depend on whether a set has outputs. Although outputs are not required for a set to be a business, outputs generally
are a key element of a business; therefore, the FASB has developed more stringent criteria for sets without outputs. Lastly, the
ASU narrows the definition of the term output. The Company will adopt the amendments in this ASU on August 1, 2018. The Company
is evaluating the impact that the new standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
June 2016, the FASB issued an ASU that changes the impairment model for most financial assets and certain other instruments. For
receivables, loans and other instruments, entities will be required to use a new forward-looking &ldquo;expected loss&rdquo; model
that generally will result in the earlier recognition of allowance for losses. For available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized
losses, entities will measure credit losses in a manner similar to current practice, except the losses will be recognized as allowances
instead of reductions in the amortized cost of the securities. In addition, an entity will have to disclose significantly more
information about allowances, credit quality indicators and past due securities. The new provisions will be applied as a cumulative-effect
adjustment to retained earnings. The Company will adopt the new standard on August 1, 2020. The Company is evaluating the impact
that the new standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
February 2016, the FASB issued an ASU related to the accounting for leases. The new standard establishes a right-of-use (&ldquo;ROU&rdquo;)
model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer
than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense
recognition in the income statement. The Company will adopt the new standard on August 1, 2019. A modified retrospective transition
approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest
comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. The Company is evaluating
the impact that the new standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 11; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->11<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
May 2014, the FASB and the International Accounting Standards Board jointly issued a comprehensive new revenue recognition standard
that will supersede most of the current revenue recognition guidance under U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards
(&ldquo;IFRS&rdquo;). The goals of the revenue recognition project were to clarify and converge the revenue recognition principles
under U.S. GAAP and IFRS and to develop guidance that would streamline and enhance revenue recognition requirements. To accomplish
this objective, the standard requires five basic steps: (i) identify the contract with the customer, (ii) identify the performance
obligations in the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations
in the contract, and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. Entities have the option
of using either a full retrospective or modified retrospective approach for the adoption of the standard. The Company expects
to adopt this standard on August 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach. The Company has identified its main revenue
streams, which are advertising revenue, app installs and advertising ops outsourcing. In addition, the Company substantially completed
reviewing contracts and other relevant documents for most of its customers that comprises its main revenue streams. Based on this
preliminary analysis to date of the adoption of the standard, the Company has not identified a significant impact on its consolidated
financial statements, although this is subject to change as the Company completes the process.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
2&mdash;Fair Value Measurements&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table presents the balance of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>July
                                         31, 2017</B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(in
                        thousands)</FONT></P></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Level
    1</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Level
    2</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Level
    3</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Assets:</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 52%; text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Foreign
    exchange forward contracts</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">137</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">137</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Liabilities:</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Foreign
    exchange forward contracts</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>July
                                         31, 2016</B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(in
                        thousands)</FONT></P></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Level
    1</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Level
    2</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Level
    3</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Assets:</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 52%; text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Foreign
    exchange forward contracts</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">21</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">21</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Liabilities:</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Foreign
    exchange forward contracts</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">15</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">15</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fair
Value of Other Financial Instruments</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&rsquo;s other financial instruments at July 31, 2017 and 2016 included trade accounts receivable, trade accounts payable
and due to IDT Corporation. The carrying amounts of the trade accounts receivable, trade accounts payable and due to IDT Corporation
balances approximated fair value due to their short-term nature. These fair value estimates were classified as Level 2 of the
fair value hierarchy.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
3&mdash;Derivative Instruments</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
primary risk managed by the Company using derivative instruments is foreign exchange risk. Foreign exchange forward contracts
are entered into as hedges against unfavorable fluctuations in the U.S. Dollar - NOK exchange rate. Subsequent to the Spin-Off
and until November 2016, IDT provided hedging services to the Company pursuant to the Transition Services Agreement (see Note
11). As of November 16, 2016, the Company entered into a Foreign Exchange Agreement with Western Alliance Bank allowing the Company
to enter into foreign exchange contracts under its revolving credit facility with the bank (see Note 13). The Company does not
apply hedge accounting to these contracts; therefore the changes in fair value are recorded in earnings. By using derivative instruments
to mitigate exposures to changes in foreign exchange rates, the Company is exposed to credit risk from the failure of the counterparty
to perform under the terms of the contract. The credit or repayment risk is minimized by entering into transactions with high-quality
counterparties.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
outstanding contracts at July 31, 2017 were as follows:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Settlement
    Date</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>U.S.
                                         Dollar</B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right"></P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Amount</B></FONT></P></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>NOK</B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right"></P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Amount</B></FONT></P></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">August 2017</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1,000,000</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">8,408,640</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">September 2017</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1,000,000</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">8,404,640</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 12; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->12<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
fair value of outstanding derivative instruments recorded in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets were as follows:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">July
                                         31,</FONT></P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(in
               thousands)</FONT></P></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2017</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2016</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Assets Derivatives:</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Balance Sheet Location</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 20pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Derivatives
    not designated or not qualifying as hedging instruments</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 51%; text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Foreign
    exchange forward contracts</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24%; text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Other
    current assets</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">137</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">21</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 12pt; text-indent: -12pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Liabilities
                                 Derivatives:</FONT></P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 0"></P></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 20pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Derivatives
    not designated or not qualifying as hedging instruments</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Foreign
    exchange forward contracts</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Accrued
    expenses</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">15</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
effects of derivative instruments on the consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income were as follows:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Amount
                                         of Gain (Loss) Recognized on Derivatives</B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Year
                                         ended July 31,</FONT></P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(in
                          thousands)</FONT></P></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right"></P><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>2017</B></FONT></P></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2016</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Derivatives
    not designated or not qualifying as hedging instruments</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Location
    of Gain (Loss) Recognized on Derivatives</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 41%; text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Foreign
    exchange forward contracts</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; width: 36%"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Net
                                         gain (loss) resulting from foreign exchange transactions</FONT></P> </TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 8%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">105</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 8%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(142</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
4&mdash;Property and Equipment</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Property
and equipment consisted of the following:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">July
    31,</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><BR> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(in thousands)</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2007</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2016</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76%; text-align: left; text-indent: 0; padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Capitalized
    software and technology development costs</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6,419</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5,001</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-indent: 0; padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">297</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">230</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: 0; padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6,716</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5,231</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-indent: 0; padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Less
    accumulated depreciation and amortization</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4,038</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3,388</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-indent: 0; padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,678</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,843</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Depreciation
and amortization expense pertaining to property and equipment was $643,000 and $605,000 for the years ended July 31, 2017 and
2016, respectively.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
each of the years ended July 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company decided to abandon certain software and technology projects that were
in development. Since these abandoned projects did not have any future benefit, the Company charged to expense the capitalized
software and technology development costs for these projects of $36,000 and $281,000 in the years ended July 31, 2017 and 2016,
respectively.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
5&mdash;Goodwill</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&rsquo;s goodwill related to an acquisition made in a prior period and is carried on the balance sheet of Zedge Europe
AS.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
table below reconciles the change in the carrying amount of goodwill for the period from July 31, 2015 to July 31, 2017:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(in
    thousands)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 88%; text-indent: 0; padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Balance
    at July 31, 2015</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,438</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-indent: 0; padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Foreign
    currency translation adjustments</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(77</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: 0; padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Balance
    at July 31, 2016</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,361</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-indent: 0; padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Foreign
    currency translation adjustments</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">157</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-indent: 0; padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Balance
    at July 31, 2017</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,518</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 13; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->13<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
6&mdash;Accrued Expenses</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Accrued
expenses consist of the following:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">July
    31, </FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><BR><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(in thousands)</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2017</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2016</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76%; text-align: left; text-indent: 0; padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Accrued
    vacation</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">685</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">494</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: 0; padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Accrued
    payroll taxes</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">277</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">210</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: 0; padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Accrued
    payroll and bonuses</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">250</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">72</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: 0; padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Accrued
    direct cost of revenues</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">111</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: 0; padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Accrued
    advertising</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">184</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">242</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: 0; padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Accrued
    income taxes</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">36</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">119</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: 0; padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Accrued
    Professional fees</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">130</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">131</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-indent: 0; padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">272</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">108</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-indent: 0; padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total
    accrued expenses</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,840</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,487</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
7&mdash;Equity</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 1.05pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Class
A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
rights of holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock are identical except for certain voting and conversion rights
and restrictions on transferability. The holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock receive identical dividends
per share when and if declared by the Company&rsquo;s Board of Directors. In addition, the holders of Class A common stock and
Class B common stock have identical and equal priority rights per share in liquidation. The Class A common stock and Class B common
stock do not have any other contractual participation rights. The holders of Class A common stock are entitled to three votes
per share and the holders of Class B common stock are entitled to one-tenth of a vote per share. Each share of Class A common
stock may be converted into one share of Class B common stock, at any time, at the option of the holder. Shares of Class A common
stock are subject to certain limitations on transferability that do not apply to shares of Class B common stock.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Reclassification
of Mezzanine Equity</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
2012, shares of the Company&rsquo;s Series B convertible preferred stock were issued by the Company&rsquo;s Board of Directors
in excess of the number of shares duly authorized by the Company&rsquo;s Certificate of Incorporation. These shares of Series
B convertible preferred stock were classified as mezzanine equity at the original purchase price in the consolidated balance sheet
because they did not meet the definition of permanent equity as a result of the legal imperfections. In February 2016, the Company
prepared and filed a certificate of validation with the State of Delaware for an amendment to the Restated Certificate of Incorporation
requesting an increase in the number of authorized shares of Series B convertible preferred stock.&nbsp;On February 24, 2016,
the State of Delaware certified this validation, which was effective retroactive to the date of the defective act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Changes
to mezzanine amounts in the year ended July 31, 2016 was as follows:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Series
    B Convertible Preferred&nbsp;Stock</B></FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(dollars
    in thousands)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Shares</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Amount</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Balance at July 31, 2015</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">947</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">100</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Reclassification
    of mezzanine equity</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(947</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(100</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Balance at July 31,
    2016</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal"><I>Recapitalization
Prior to the Spin-Off</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
part of the Spin-Off, the Company&rsquo;s capital stock was recapitalized so that, instead of having a single class of common
stock and two series of preferred stock authorized and outstanding, all such shares were converted into shares of the Company&rsquo;s
Class A common stock and Class B common stock, all options to purchase the Company&rsquo;s common stock became options to purchase
a proportional number of shares of the Company&rsquo;s Class B common stock, and the Company has preferred stock authorized, but
no shares of preferred stock are outstanding. The Company&rsquo;s financial statements were retroactively adjusted to reflect
the recapitalization.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 14; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->14<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Equity
Purchase Prior to the Spin-Off</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
connection with the Spin-Off, in May 2016, certain of the Company&rsquo;s equity holders purchased Class B common stock representing
approximately 10.0% of the Company&rsquo;s capital stock for $3 million.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
8&mdash;Commitments and Contingencies</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Legal
Proceedings</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
March 2014, Saregama India, Limited filed a lawsuit against the Company before the Barasat District Court, seeking approximately
$1.6 million as damages and an injunction for copyright infringement. The main ground for the lawsuit was an allegation that the
Company avails the plaintiff&rsquo;s sound recordings through the Company&rsquo;s platform with full knowledge that the sound
recordings have been uploaded and are being communicated to the public without obtaining any license from the plaintiff. There
have been no material updates to this matter since filing in March 2014. The Company believes that the possibility of it bearing
material liability on the matter is remote.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company may from time to time be subject to other legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. Although there
can be no assurance in this regard, the Company does not expect any of those legal proceedings to have a material adverse effect
on the Company&rsquo;s results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Lease
Commitments</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&rsquo;s future contractual obligations and other commercial commitments at July 31, 2017 were as follows:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Year
    ended July 31, </FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><BR><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(in thousands)</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>2018</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;<B>2019</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;<B>Thereafter</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 52%; text-align: left; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Real
    estate leases</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">202</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">102</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">304</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Software
    as a Service (&ldquo;SaaS&rdquo;) license</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">223</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">100</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">323</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total
    contractual obligations</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">425</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">202</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">627</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rental
expense under operating leases was $289,000 and $244,000 in the years ended July 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
9&mdash;Income Taxes</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Until
the Spin-Off, the Company was a member of IDT&rsquo;s consolidated group of entities for which income tax returns were filed for
the consolidated group, and income taxes for the Company were calculated on a separate tax return basis.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
components of (loss) income before income taxes are as follows:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Year
    ended July 31, </FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><BR><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(in thousands)</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2017</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2016</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76%; padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Domestic</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(717</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">604</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Foreign</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">90</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">522</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Loss)
    income before income taxes</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(627</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,126</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Provision
for (benefit from) income taxes consisted of the following:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Year
    ended July 31, </FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><BR><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(in thousands)</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2017</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2016</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Current:</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76%; text-indent: 0; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Foreign</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">12</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">169</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: 0; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Federal</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-indent: 0; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">State</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total
    current expense</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">12</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">169</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Deferred:</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: 0; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Foreign</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(28</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(26</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: 0; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Federal</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-indent: 0; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">State</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total
    deferred expense</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(28</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(26</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Benefit
    from) Provision for income taxes</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(16</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">143</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 15; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->15<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
differences between income taxes expected at the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate and income taxes reported were as follows:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Year
    ended July 31, </FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><BR><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(in thousands)</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2017</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2016</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76%; text-align: left; padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">U.S.
    federal income tax at statutory rate</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(213</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">383</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">State
    income tax</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(165</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">69</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Valuation
    allowance</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">717</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(276</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Foreign
    tax rate differential</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">16</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(34</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Meals</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Stock
    compensation and employment credits</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(381</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Benefit
    from) provision for income taxes</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(16</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">143</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company has not recorded U.S. income tax expense for foreign earnings, as such earnings are permanently reinvested outside the
United States. The cumulative undistributed foreign earnings are included in accumulated deficit in the Company&rsquo;s consolidated
balance sheets and consisted of approximately $1.8 million at July 31, 2017. Upon distribution of these foreign earnings to the
Company&rsquo;s domestic entities, the Company may be subject to U.S. income taxes and withholding of foreign taxes; however,
it is not practicable to determine the amount, if any, which would be paid.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Significant
components of the Company&rsquo;s deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are as follows:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">July
    31, </FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><BR><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(in thousands)</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2017</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2016</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Deferred
    tax assets:</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76%; text-align: left; padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Net
    operating loss carryforwards</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">951</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">305</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Reserves
    and accruals</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">377</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">352</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Stock-based
    compensation</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">76</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Gross
    deferred tax assets</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,404</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">658</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Less
    valuation allowance</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1,232</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(515</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total
    deferred tax assets</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">172</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">143</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total
    deferred tax liabilities</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Deferred
    tax assets, net</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">172</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">143</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Deferred
tax assets, net are included in &ldquo;Other assets&rdquo; in the consolidated balance sheets.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At
July 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company had available Federal and State net operating loss (&ldquo;NOL&rdquo;) carryforwards (&quot;from
domestic operations of approximately $2.0 million and $0.6 million, respectively, to offset future taxable income. The Federal
and State NOL carryforwards will begin to expire in 2036. The Company had no available NOLs from foreign operations.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Due
to its history of losses, the Company believes that it is not more-likely-than-not that all of the deferred tax assets can be
realized. Therefore, the Company has a full valuation allowance on all U.S. deferred tax assets. The change in the valuation allowance
is as follows:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Year
    ended July 31 <BR> (in thousands)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Balance
    at</B></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><BR> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>beginning of</B></FONT><BR>
    <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>year</B></FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Additions</B></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><BR>
    <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>charged to</B></FONT><BR> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>costs and</B></FONT><BR> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>expenses</B></FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Deductions</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Balance
    at</B></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><BR> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>end of year</B></FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2017</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Reserves
    deducted from deferred income taxes, net:</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 52%; text-align: left; padding-left: 0.25in; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Valuation
    allowance</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">515</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">717</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,232</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2016</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Reserves
    deducted from deferred income taxes, net:</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0.25in; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Valuation
    allowance</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,305</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1,790</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">515</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At
July 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company did not have any unrecognized tax benefits and did not anticipate any significant changes
to the unrecognized tax benefits within twelve months of this reporting date. In the years ended July 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company
did not record any interest or penalties on income taxes. At July 31, 2017 and 2016, there was no accrued interest included in
income taxes payable.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 16; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->16<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company currently remains subject to examinations of its tax returns as follows: U.S. federal tax returns for fiscal 2014 to fiscal
2015 as part of the IDT consolidated tax return and for pre and post spin periods for fiscal 2016, state and local tax returns
generally for fiscal 2014 to fiscal 2016 and foreign tax returns generally for fiscal 2012 to fiscal 2016.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
September 2016, the Company was notified that the Zedge Europe AS tax returns for 2012 and 2016 were going to be audited by the
tax authorities in Norway. The initial audit meeting took place in October 2016 and the audit is progressing. No significant issues
have been identified at this time. Amounts asserted by taxing authorities or the amount ultimately assessed against the Company
could be greater than any accrued amount. Accordingly, provisions may be recorded in the future as estimates are revised or underlying
matters are settled or resolved. Imposition of assessments as a result of tax audits could have an adverse effect on the Company&rsquo;s
results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
connection with the Spin-Off, the Company and IDT entered into various agreements prior to the Spin-Off including a Separation
and Distribution Agreement to effect the separation and provide a framework for the Company&rsquo;s relationship with IDT after
the Spin-Off, and a Tax Separation Agreement, which sets forth the responsibilities of the Company and IDT with respect to, among
other things, liabilities for federal, state, local and foreign taxes for periods before and including the Spin-Off, the preparation
and filing of tax returns for such periods and disputes with taxing authorities regarding taxes for such periods. Pursuant to
Separation and Distribution Agreement, among other things, the Company indemnifies IDT and IDT indemnifies the Company for losses
related to the failure of the other to pay, perform or otherwise discharge, any of the liabilities and obligations set forth in
the agreement. Pursuant to the Tax Separation Agreement, among other things, IDT indemnifies the Company from all liability for
taxes of the Company and any of its subsidiaries or relating to its business with respect to taxable periods ending on or before
the Spin-Off, and the Company indemnifies IDT from all liability for taxes of the Company and any of its subsidiaries or relating
to its business accruing after the Spin-Off. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company is responsible for, and IDT has no obligation
to indemnify the Company for, any tax liability of the Company resulting from an audit, examination or other proceeding related
to any tax returns that relate solely to it and its subsidiaries regardless of whether such tax return relates to a period prior
to or following the Spin-Off.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 1.05pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Research
and Development Credits</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of July 31, 2017, the balance of the Company&rsquo;s receivable from Norway&rsquo;s SkatteFUNN government program designed to
stimulate research and development in Norwegian trade and industry was $260,000, which was included in &ldquo;Other current assets&rdquo;
in the consolidated balance sheet and $289,000 was recorded as a reduction of selling, general and administrative expense for
the year ended July 31, 2017.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
10&mdash;Stock-Based Compensation</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2016
Stock Option and Incentive Plan</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company adopted the Zedge, Inc. 2016 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (&ldquo;2016 Incentive Plan&rdquo;), which became effective
upon the consummation of the Spin-Off. The 2016 Incentive Plan is intended to provide incentives to executive officers, employees,
directors and consultants of the Company. Incentives available under the 2016 Incentive Plan include restricted stock, stock options
and stock appreciation rights. The 2016 Incentive Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Company&rsquo;s Board
of Directors.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
January 18, 2017, the Company&rsquo;s stockholders ratified an amendment to the 2016 Incentive Plan to increase the number of
shares of the Company&rsquo;s Class&nbsp;B common stock reserved for the grant of awards thereunder by 500,000 shares to an aggregate
of 691,000 shares. At July 31, 2017, there were 487,000 shares of the Company&rsquo;s Class B common stock available for awards
under the 2016 Incentive Plan.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">On
October 18, 2017, the Company&rsquo;s Board of Directors amended the <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">2016 Incentive Plan to increase
the number of shares of the Company&rsquo;s Class&nbsp;B common stock available for the grant of awards thereunder by an additional
350,000 shares. The amendment is subject to ratification by the Company&rsquo;s stockholders. </FONT></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the years ended July 31, 2017 and 2016 there was no income tax benefit resulting from tax deductions in excess of the compensation
cost recognized for the Company&rsquo;s stock-based compensation.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Stock
Options</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&rsquo;s option awards generally have a maximum term of 10 years from grant date, are exercisable upon vesting unless otherwise
designated for early exercise by the Board of Directors at the time of grant, and are pursuant to individual written agreements.
Prior to the Spin-Off, historical grants generally vested ratably over a three to four-year period. Subsequent to the Spin-Off,
grants generally vest over a three-year period. Certain option agreements provide for accelerated vesting of options upon the
effective date of an initial public offering or a change in control of the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 17; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->17<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
connection with the Spin-Off, in June 2016, the Compensation Committee of the Company&rsquo;s Board of Directors approved an extension
of the expiration dates of all outstanding stock options held by current employees and consultants of the Company that do not
reside in the United States. The expiration date of the stock options was extended to May 31, 2026. This extension applied to
options to purchase an aggregate of 0.9&nbsp;million shares of the Company&rsquo;s Class B common stock. In fiscal 2016, the Company
recorded stock-based compensation expense of $123,000 for the modification of the options based on their estimated fair value
on June 2, 2016.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
fiscal 2017, the Company received proceeds of $109,790 from the exercise, during that period, of stock options for which the Company
issued 280,700 shares of its Class B common stock. In addition, in fiscal 2017, the Company received proceeds of $56,840 from
the exercise, in fiscal 2016, of stock options which was recorded as a receivable as of July 31, 2016.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
fair value of stock options was estimated on the date of the grant using a Black-Scholes valuation model and the assumptions in
the following table. Expected volatility is based on historical volatility of the Company&rsquo;s Class B common stock and other
factors. The Company uses historical data on exercise of stock options, post vesting forfeitures and other factors to estimate
the expected term of the stock-based payments granted. The risk free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect
at the time of grant.</FONT></P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company used the following weighted average assumptions in its BSM pricing model:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Year
    ended July 31,</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2017</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2016</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Expected
    term</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6.1
                                         years</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6.0
                                         years</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76%; padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Volatility</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">81</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">%</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">113</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">%</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Risk
    free interest rate</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.7</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">%</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.3</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">%</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dividends</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Grant
    date fair value</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.41</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.71</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
summary of the Company&rsquo;s stock option activity is as follows:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Number
                                         of Options</B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(in
                                         thousands)</B></FONT></P></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Weighted-Average
    Exercise Price</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Weighted-Average
    Remaining Contractual Term (in years)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><BR><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Aggregate</B></FONT></FONT></P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Intrinsic
                                         Value</B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(in
                                         thousands)</B></FONT></P></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 52%; padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Outstanding
    at July 31, 2016</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,440</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.93</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Granted</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">279</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.80</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Exercised</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(281</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.39</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cancelled
    / forfeited</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Outstanding
    at July 31, 2017</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,438</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.59</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8.22</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,212</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Exercisable
    at July 31, 2017</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,149</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.03</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6.37</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,212</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended July 31, 2017 and 2016 was $0.8 million and $0.1 million, respectively.
At July 31, 2017, there was $590,000 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options, which is expected
to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.3 years.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Restricted
Stock</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
part of the Spin-Off, holders of IDT restricted Class B common stock and Deferred Stock Units (&ldquo;DSUs&rdquo;) received, in
respect of those restricted shares and DSUs, one restricted share of the Company&rsquo;s Class B common stock for every three
restricted shares of IDT and one DSU of the Company for every three DSUs of IDT that they owned as of the record date for the
Spin-Off (the same ratio as used for shares of our Class B common stock distributed by IDT in connection with the Spin-Off). As
such, 111,842 shares of restricted stock and 7,767 DSUs were issued (adjusted for forfeitures) pursuant to the terms of the 2016
Incentive Plan. Such restricted shares of the Company&rsquo;s Class B common stock are restricted under the same terms as the
IDT restricted stock in respect of which they were issued. The restricted shares of the Company&rsquo;s Class B common stock received
in the Spin-Off are subject to forfeiture on the same terms, and their restrictions will lapse at the same time, as the corresponding
IDT shares. The fair value of restricted shares of the Company&rsquo;s Class B common stock is determined based on the closing
price of the Company&rsquo;s Class B common stock on the grant date. Share awards generally vest on a graded basis over three
years of service.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 18; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->18<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
fiscal 2017, the Company granted 17,349 restricted shares of its Class B common stock, which vested immediately, to its non-employee
Board of Directors at a grant date fair value of $3.13 per share. The shares were awarded pursuant to the non-employee Board of
Director&rsquo;s annual automatic grant. There were no other restricted share grants in the years ended July 31, 2017 and 2016.
At July 31, 2017, there were 49,474 non-vested shares of restricted stock and 3,885 non-vested DSUs.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
11&mdash;Related Party Transactions</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Prior
to the Spin-Off, IDT charged the Company for certain transactions and&nbsp;allocated routine expenses based on company specific
items covered under a Master Services Agreement. This agreement provided for, among other things: (1) the allocation between the
Company and IDT of employee benefits, taxes and other liabilities and obligations; (2)&nbsp;services to be provided by IDT relating
to human resources and employee benefits administration; and (3) finance, accounting, tax, facilities and legal services to be
provided by IDT to the Company. Following the Spin-Off, IDT charges the Company for services it provides pursuant to the Transition
Services Agreement. The services provided pursuant to the Transition Services Agreement include human resources, payroll, investor
relations, legal, accounting, tax, financial systems, management consulting and foreign exchange risk management. IDT&rsquo;s
charges are included in &ldquo;Selling, general and administrative expense&rdquo; in the consolidated statements of comprehensive
(loss) income.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
change in the Company&rsquo;s liability to IDT was as follows:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Years
    ended July 31, </FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><BR><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(in thousands)</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2017</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2016</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76%; text-align: left; padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Balance
    at beginning of year&#9;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">299</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">369</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Payments
    by IDT on behalf of the Company&#9;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">937</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,122</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cash
    repayments, net of advances</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1,200</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2,192</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Balance
    at end of year&#9;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">36</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">299</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the years ended July 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company paid $137,000 and $141,000, respectively, to Appboy, Inc. for use of its customer
relationship management and lifecycle marketing platform. The Chief Executive Officer and Co-Founder of Appboy, Inc. is a member
of the Company&rsquo;s Board of Directors.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
12&mdash;Business Segment and Geographic Information</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company provides a content platform, worldwide, centered on self-expression, attracting both creators looking to promote their
content and consumers who utilize such content to express their identity, feelings, tastes and interests. The Company&rsquo;s
platform enables consumers to personalize their mobile devices with free, high-quality ringtones, wallpapers, home screen app
icons, widgets and notification sounds. The Company conducts business as one operating segment. There were no revenues from customers
located outside of the United States in all periods presented.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Net
long-lived assets and total assets held outside of the United States, which are located primarily in Norway, were as follows:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(in
    thousands)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">United
    States</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Foreign</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Long-lived
    assets, net:</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 64%; text-indent: 0; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">July
    31, 2017</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,537</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">271</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,808</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-indent: 0; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">July
    31, 2016</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,719</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">247</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,966</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total
    assets:</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: 0; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">July
    31, 2017</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8,910</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3,621</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">12,531</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-indent: 0; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">July
    31, 2016</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8,576</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3,857</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">12,433</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 19; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->19<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
13&mdash;Revolving Credit Facility</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 1.05pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal">As
of September 27, 2016, the Company entered into a loan and security agreement with Western Alliance Bank for a revolving credit
facility of up to $2.5 million. Advances under this facility may not exceed the lesser of $2.5 million or 80% of the Company&rsquo;s
eligible accounts receivable, subject to certain concentration limits. The revolving credit facility is secured by a lien on substantially
all of the Company&rsquo;s assets. The outstanding principal amount bears interest per annum at the greater of 3.5% or the prime
rate plus 1.25%. Interest is payable monthly and all outstanding principal and any accrued and unpaid interest is due on the maturity
date of September 27, 2018. The Company is required to pay an annual facility fee of $12,500 to Western Alliance Bank. The Company
is also required to comply with various affirmative and negative covenants and to maintain certain financial ratios during the
term of the revolving credit facility. The covenants include a prohibition on the Company paying any dividend on its capital stock.
The Company may terminate this agreement at any time without penalty or premium provided that it pays down any outstanding principal,
accrued interest and bank expenses. At July 31, 2017, there were no amounts outstanding under the revolving credit facility and
the Company was in compliance with all of the covenants. </FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 1.05pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of November 16, 2016, the Company entered into a Foreign Exchange Agreement with Western Alliance Bank to allow the Company to
enter into foreign exchange contracts not to exceed $5.0 million in the aggregate at any point in time under its revolving credit
facility. The available borrowing under the revolving credit facility is reduced by an applicable foreign exchange reserve percentage
as determined by Western Alliance Bank, in its reasonable discretion from time to time, which was initially set at 10% of the
nominal amount of the foreign exchange contracts in effect at the relevant time. In December 2016, the applicable foreign exchange
reserve percentage was changed so that the reduction of available borrowing for major currency forward contracts of less than
six months tenor is set at 10% of the nominal amount of the foreign exchange contracts, and for contracts over six months tenor,
12.5% of the nominal amount of the foreign exchange contracts. At July 31, 2017, there were $2.0 million of outstanding foreign
exchange contracts with less than six months tenor under the credit facility, and no contracts of greater than six months tenor,
which reduced the available borrowing under the revolving credit facility by $200,000. The bank recently acquiesced to the transaction
with Freeform despite certain contractual restrictions.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
14&mdash;Defined Contribution Plan</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
September 2016, the Company adopted a 401(k) Plan, effective August 1, 2016, available to all employees meeting certain eligibility
criteria. The Plan permits participants to elect pre-tax or after tax salary deferrals that will be contributed to the Plan, not
to exceed the limits established by the Internal Revenue Code. The Plan provides for enhanced safe harbor employer matching contributions.
All contributions made by participants and safe harbor matching contributions by the Company will be fully vested. The Company&rsquo;s
Class A common stock and Class B common stock are not investment options for elective deferrals by the Plan&rsquo;s participants.
However, matching contributions may be made in shares of the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 1.05pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
fiscal 2017, the Company&rsquo;s cost for contributions to the Plan was $19,000. In fiscal 2017, the Company contributed 5,500
shares of the Company&rsquo;s Class B common stock to the Plan for matching contributions.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 1.05pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 1.05pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Note
15&mdash;Subsequent Event&mdash;Freeform Development, Inc.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">In
September 2017, the Company entered into an Agreement and Release with Freeform Development, Inc. (&ldquo;Freeform&rdquo;) and
certain of its former employees, pursuant to which the Company obtained releases for the employees from their Freeform employment
agreements in exchange for payments by us to satisfy certain of Freeform&rsquo;s liabilities. The Company paid Freeform $125,000
in cash to pay its operating liabilities (with any excess to be refunded to the Company), and the Company paid the holders of
Freeform&rsquo;s convertible promissory notes cash of $97,567 and issued the noteholders a total of 126,679 shares of the Company&rsquo;s
Class B common stock. In addition, the Company issued a total of 192,953 shares of the Company&rsquo;s Class B common stock to
the employees and the employees entered into Employment Agreements with the Company. The aggregate consideration paid by the Company
in connection with these matters was $833,000 consisting of cash of $223,000 and 319,632 shares of the Company&rsquo;s Class B
common stock with a fair market value of $611,000 on the date of issue. The Company is in process of reviewing the accounting
for the transaction that will be recorded in the first quarter of fiscal 2018.</FONT></P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 1.05pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 1.05pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.35pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-20</FONT></P>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV ALIGN="LEFT" STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 100%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>


</BODY>
</HTML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-10.01
<SEQUENCE>2
<FILENAME>f10k2017ex10-01_zedgeinc.htm
<DESCRIPTION>2016 STOCK OPTION AND INCENTIVE PLAN, AS AMENDED AND RESTATED
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0in; text-align: right; margin-bottom: 0in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><U>Exhibit 10.01</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0in; text-align: right; margin-bottom: 0in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0in; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>ZEDGE,
INC.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>2016
STOCK OPTION AND INCENTIVE PLAN</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Adopted
as of May 23, 2016</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(Amended
and Restated on October 18, 2017)</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>1.</I>&nbsp;<I>Purpose;
Types of Awards; Construction.</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left; text-indent: 29.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
purpose of the Zedge, Inc. 2016 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the &ldquo;Plan&rdquo;) is to provide incentives to executive
officers, employees, directors and consultants of Zedge, Inc. (the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;), or any subsidiary of the Company which
now exists or hereafter is organized or acquired by the Company, to acquire a proprietary interest in the Company, to continue
as executive officers, employees, directors or consultants, to increase their efforts on behalf of the Company and to promote
the success of the Company&rsquo;s business. The provisions of the Plan are intended to satisfy the requirements of Section 16(b)
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and of Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and
shall be interpreted in a manner consistent with the requirements thereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>2.</I>&nbsp;<I>Definitions.</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left; text-indent: 29.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
used in this Plan, the following words and phrases shall have the meanings indicated:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)&nbsp;&ldquo;Agreement&rdquo;
shall mean a written agreement entered into between the Company and a Grantee in connection with an award under the Plan.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)&nbsp;&ldquo;Board&rdquo;
shall mean the Board of Directors of the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)&nbsp;&ldquo;Change
in Control&rdquo; means a change in ownership or control of the Company effected through either of the following:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 40pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 100pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)&nbsp;any
&ldquo;person,&rdquo; as such term is used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Exchange Act (other than (A) the Company, (B) any
trustee or other fiduciary holding securities under an employee benefit plan of the Company, (C) any corporation or other entity
owned, directly or indirectly, by the stockholders of the Company in substantially the same proportions as their ownership of
Class B Common Stock, or (D) any person who, immediately following the spin-off of the Company by way of a pro rata distribution
of the Company&rsquo;s Class B Common Stock to the stockholders of IDT Corporation, owned more than 25% of the combined voting
power of the Company&rsquo;s then outstanding voting securities), is or becomes the &ldquo;beneficial owner&rdquo; (as defined
in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of securities of the Company (not including in the securities beneficially
owned by such person any securities acquired directly from the Company or any of its affiliates other than in connection with
the acquisition by the Company or its affiliates of a business) representing 25% or more of the combined voting power of the Company&rsquo;s
then outstanding voting securities; or</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 40pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 100pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ii)&nbsp;during
any period of not more than two consecutive years, not including any period prior to the initial adoption of this Plan by the
Board, individuals who at the beginning of such period constitute the Board, and any new director (other than a director whose
initial assumption of office is in connection with an actual or threatened election contest, including, but not limited to a consent
solicitation, relating to the election of directors of the Company) whose election by the Board or nomination for election by
the Company&rsquo;s stockholders was approved by a vote of at least two-thirds (2/3) of the directors then still in office who
either were directors at the beginning of the period or whose election or nomination for election was previously so approved,
cease for any reason to constitute at least a majority thereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)
&ldquo;Class B Common Stock&rdquo; shall mean shares of Class B Common Stock, par value $.01 per share, of the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)&nbsp;&ldquo;Code&rdquo;
shall mean the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(f)&nbsp;&ldquo;Committee&rdquo;
shall mean the Compensation Committee of the Board or such other committee as the Board may designate from time to time to administer
the Plan. The Board will cause the Committee to satisfy the applicable requirements of any stock exchange on which the Common
Stock may then be listed. For purposes of awards intended to constitute performance awards, to the extent required by Code Section
162(m), Committee means all of the members of the Committee who are &ldquo;outside directors&rdquo; within the meaning of Section
162(m) of the Code. For purposes of awards to Grantees who are subject to Section 16 of the Exchange Act, Committee means all
of the members of the Committee who are &ldquo;non-employee directors&rdquo; within the meaning of Rule 16b-3 adopted under the
Exchange Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(g)&nbsp;&ldquo;Company&rdquo;
shall mean Zedge, Inc., a corporation incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware, or any successor corporation.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(h)&nbsp;&ldquo;Continuous
Service&rdquo; means that the provision of services to the Company or a Related Entity in any capacity of officer, employee, director
or consultant is not interrupted or terminated. Continuous Service shall not be considered interrupted in the case of (i) any
approved leave of absence, (ii) transfers between locations of the Company or among the Company, any Related Entity or any successor
in any capacity of officer, employee, director or consultant, or (iii) any change in status as long as the individual remains
in the service of the Company or a Related Entity in any capacity of officer, employee, director or consultant (except as otherwise
provided in the applicable Agreement). An approved leave of absence shall include sick leave, short-term disability, maternity
leave, military leave (including without limitation service in the National Guard or the Army Reserves) and any other personal
leave approved by the Company or the Committee. For purposes of Incentive Stock Options, no such leave may exceed ninety (90)
days unless reemployment upon expiration of such leave is guaranteed by statute or contract.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)&nbsp;&ldquo;Corporate
Transaction&rdquo; means any of the following transactions:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 40pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 100pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)&nbsp;a
merger or consolidation of the Company with any other corporation or other entity, other than (A) a merger or consolidation which
would result in the voting securities of the Company outstanding immediately prior thereto continuing to represent (either by
remaining outstanding or by being converted into voting securities of the surviving or parent entity) 80% or more of the combined
voting power of the voting securities of the Company or such surviving or parent entity outstanding immediately after such merger
or consolidation or (B) a merger or consolidation effected to implement a recapitalization of the Company (or similar transaction)
in which no &ldquo;person&rdquo; (as defined in the Exchange Act) acquired 25% or more of the combined voting power of the Company&rsquo;s
then outstanding securities; or</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 40pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 100pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ii)&nbsp;a
plan of complete liquidation of the Company or an agreement for the sale or disposition by the Company of all or substantially
all of its assets (or any transaction having a similar effect).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(j)&nbsp;&ldquo;Disability&rdquo;
shall mean <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">cause for termination of a Grantee&rsquo;s employment or service due to a determination
that the Grantee is disabled in accordance with a </FONT>long-term disability&nbsp;insurance <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">program
maintained by the Company or a </FONT>total and permanent&nbsp;disability&nbsp;as defined in Code Section&nbsp;22(e)(3).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(k)&nbsp;&ldquo;Exchange
Act&rdquo; shall mean the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended from time to time.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(l)&nbsp;&ldquo;Fair
Market Value&rdquo; per share as of a particular date shall mean (i) the closing sale price per share of Class B Common Stock
on the national securities exchange on which the Class B Common Stock is principally traded for the last preceding date on which
there was a sale of Class B Common Stock on such exchange, or (ii) if the shares of Class B Common Stock are then traded in an
over-the-counter market, the average of the closing bid and asked prices for the shares of Class B Common Stock in such over-the-counter
market for the last preceding date on which there was a sale of Class B Common Stock in such market, or (iii) if the shares of
Class B Common Stock are not then readily tradable on an established securities market, such value as the Committee, in its sole
discretion, shall determine, provided however that such determination (A) with respect to Nonqualified Stock Options, shall be
in good faith using a &ldquo;reasonable application of a reasonable valuation method&rdquo; within the meaning of Treasury Regulation
Section 1.409A-1(b)(5)(iv)(B), and (B) with respect to Incentive Stock Options, shall be in a manner that satisfies the applicable
requirements of Code Section 422.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(m)&nbsp;&ldquo;Grantee&rdquo;
shall mean a person who receives a grant of Options or Restricted Stock under the Plan.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt">&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(n)&nbsp;&ldquo;Incentive
Stock Option&rdquo; shall mean any option intended to be, and designated as, an incentive stock option within the meaning of Section
422 of the Code.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 59.4pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 59.4pt"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 2; Options: NewSection; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->2<!-- Field: /Sequence --></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(o)&nbsp;&ldquo;Insider&rdquo;
shall mean a Grantee who is subject to the reporting requirements of Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(p)&nbsp;&ldquo;Insider
Trading Policy&rdquo; shall mean the Insider Trading Policy of the Company, as may be amended from time to time.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(q)
&ldquo;Non-Employee Director&rdquo; means an independent member of the Board, as determined by the Board, who is not an employee
of the Company or any Subsidiary.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(r)
&ldquo;Non-Employee Director Annual Grant&rdquo; shall mean an award of a number of shares of Restricted Stock as shall be equal
to $50,000 based on the average closing prices of the Class B common stock on the NYSE MKT for the December preceding the date
of grant less any portion of $50,000 that the Committee elects to pay in cash and not in shares of Restricted Stock; provided,
however that if the Company&rsquo;s market cap is below $40 million (based on the average closing prices of the Class B common
stock on the NYSE MKT for the December preceding the date of grant), at least a pro rata portion (based on the difference between
$40 million and the Company&rsquo;s market cap) of the $50,000 will be paid in cash.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(s)
&ldquo;Non-Employee Director Grant Date&rdquo; shall mean January&nbsp;5 of the applicable year (or the following business day
if January&nbsp;5 is not a business day).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(t)&nbsp;&ldquo;Nonqualified
Stock Option&rdquo; shall mean any option not designated as an Incentive Stock Option.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(u)&nbsp;&ldquo;Option&rdquo;
or &ldquo;Options&rdquo; shall mean a grant to a Grantee of an option or options to purchase shares of Class B Common Stock.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(v)&nbsp;&ldquo;Option
Agreement&rdquo; shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6 of the Plan.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(w)&nbsp;&ldquo;Option
Price&rdquo; shall mean the exercise price of the shares of Class B Common Stock covered by an Option.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(x)&nbsp;&ldquo;Parent&rdquo;
shall mean any company (other than the Company) in an unbroken chain of companies ending with the Company if, at the time of granting
an award under the Plan, each of the companies other than the Company owns stock possessing fifty percent (50%) or more of the
total combined voting power of all classes of stock in one of the other companies in such chain.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(y)&nbsp;&ldquo;Related
Entity&rdquo; means any Parent, Subsidiary or any business, corporation, partnership, limited liability company or other entity
in which the Company, a Parent or a Subsidiary holds a substantial ownership interest, directly or indirectly. <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">The
term &ldquo;substantial ownership interest&rdquo; means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct the management
and policies of such person or entity, whether through the ownership of voting or other securities, by contract or otherwise.</FONT></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-indent: 59.4pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(z)
&ldquo;Restricted Period&rdquo; shall have the meaning set forth in Section&nbsp;9(b) of the Plan.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(aa)
&ldquo;Restricted Stock&rdquo; means shares of Class B Common Stock issued under the Plan to a Grantee for such consideration,
if any, and subject to such restrictions on transfer, rights of refusal, repurchase provisions, forfeiture provisions and other
terms and conditions as shall be determined by the Committee.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(bb)&nbsp;&ldquo;Related
Entity Disposition&rdquo; means the sale, distribution or other disposition by the Company of all or substantially all of the
Company&rsquo;s interest in any Related Entity effected by a sale, merger or consolidation or other transaction involving such
Related Entity or the sale of all or substantially all of the assets of such Related Entity.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(cc)&nbsp;&ldquo;Retirement&rdquo;
shall mean a Grantee&rsquo;s retirement in accordance with the terms of any tax-qualified retirement plan maintained by the Company
or any of its affiliates in which the Grantee participates.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(dd)&nbsp;&ldquo;Rule
16b-3&rdquo; shall mean Rule 16b-3, as from time to time in effect, promulgated under the Exchange Act, including any successor
to such Rule.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ee)&nbsp;&ldquo;Subsidiary&rdquo;
shall mean any company (other than the Company) in an unbroken chain of companies beginning with the Company if each of the companies
other than the last company in the unbroken chain owns stock possessing fifty percent (50%) or more of the total combined voting
power of all classes of stock in one of the other companies in such chain.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 3; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->3<!-- Field: /Sequence --></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ff)
&ldquo;Tax Event&rdquo; shall have the meaning set forth in Section&nbsp;15 of the Plan.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(gg)&nbsp;&ldquo;Ten
Percent Stockholder&rdquo; shall mean a Grantee who at the time an Incentive Stock Option is granted, owns stock possessing more
than ten percent (10%) of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>3.</I>&nbsp;<I>Administration.</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)&nbsp;The
Plan shall be administered by the Committee.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)&nbsp;The
Committee shall have the authority in its discretion, subject to and not inconsistent with the express provisions of the Plan,
to administer the Plan and to exercise all the powers and authorities either specifically granted to it under the Plan or necessary
or advisable in the administration of the Plan, including, without limitation, the authority to grant Options and Restricted Stock;
to determine which options shall constitute Incentive Stock Options and which Options shall constitute Nonqualified Stock Options;
to determine the purchase price of the shares of Class B Common Stock covered by each Option; to determine the persons to whom,
and the time or times at which awards shall be granted; to determine the number of shares to be covered by each award; to interpret
the Plan and any award under the Plan; to reconcile any inconsistent terms in the Plan or any award under the Plan; to prescribe,
amend and rescind rules and regulations relating to the Plan; to determine the terms and provisions of the Agreements (which need
not be identical) and to cancel or suspend awards, as necessary; and to make all other determinations deemed necessary or advisable
for the administration of the Plan.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)&nbsp;All
decisions, determination and interpretations of the Committee shall be final and binding on all Grantees of any awards under this
Plan. No member of the Board or Committee shall be liable for any action taken or determination made in good faith with respect
to the Plan or any award granted hereunder.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)&nbsp;The
Committee may delegate to one or more executive officers of the Company the authority to (i) grant awards under the Plan to employees
of the Company and its Subsidiaries who are not officers or directors of the Company, (ii) execute and deliver documents or take
such other ministerial actions on behalf of the Committee with respect to awards and (iii) to make interpretations of the Plan.
The grant of authority in this Section 3(d) shall be subject to such conditions and limitations as may be determined by the Committee.
If the Committee delegates authority to any such executive officer or executive officers of the Company pursuant to this Section
3(d), and such executive officer or executive officers grant awards pursuant to such delegated authority, references in this Plan
to the &ldquo;Committee&rdquo; as they relate to such awards shall be deemed to refer to such executive officer or executive officers,
as applicable.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>4.</I>&nbsp;<I>Eligibility.</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left; text-indent: 29.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Awards
may be granted to executive officers, employees, directors and consultants of the Company or of any Subsidiary. In addition to
any other awards granted to Non-Employee Directors hereunder, awards shall be granted to Non-Employee Directors pursuant to Section&nbsp;10
of the Plan. In determining the persons to whom awards shall be granted and the number of shares to be covered by each award,
the Committee shall take into account the duties of the respective persons, their present and potential contributions to the success
of the Company and such other factors as the Committee shall deem relevant in connection with accomplishing the purposes of the
Plan.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;<I>5.</I>&nbsp;<I>Stock.</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)&nbsp;The
maximum number of shares of Class B Common Stock reserved for the grant of awards under the Plan shall be 1,041,000 (after giving
effect to the stock split of the Company&rsquo;s shares of common stock to be effective prior to the Company&rsquo;s spinoff from
IDT Corporation), subject to adjustment as provided in Section 11 of the Plan. Such shares may, in whole or in part, be authorized
but unissued shares or shares that shall have been or may be reacquired by the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)&nbsp;If
any outstanding award under the Plan should, for any reason expire, be canceled or be forfeited without having been exercised
in full, the shares of Class B Common Stock allocable to the unexercised, canceled or terminated portion of such award shall (unless
the Plan shall have been terminated) become available for subsequent grants of awards under the Plan, unless otherwise determined
by the Committee.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 4; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->4<!-- Field: /Sequence --></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;In
no event may a Grantee be granted during any calendar year Options to acquire more than an aggregate of 60,000 shares of Class
B Common Stock subject to adjustment as provided in Section 11 of the Plan.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>6.</I>&nbsp;<I>Terms
and Conditions of Options.</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)&nbsp;OPTION
AGREEMENT.&nbsp;&nbsp;Each Option granted pursuant to the Plan shall be evidenced by a written agreement between the Company and
the Grantee (the &ldquo;Option Agreement&rdquo;), in such form and containing such terms and conditions as the Committee shall
from time to time approve, which Option Agreement shall comply with and be subject to the following terms and conditions, unless
otherwise specifically provided in such Option Agreement. For purposes of interpreting this Section 6, a director&rsquo;s service
as a member of the Board or a consultant&rsquo;s service shall be deemed to be employment with the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)&nbsp;NUMBER
OF SHARES.&nbsp;&nbsp;Each Option Agreement shall state the number of shares of Class B Common Stock to which the Option relates.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)&nbsp;TYPE
OF OPTION.&nbsp;&nbsp;Each Option Agreement shall specifically state that the Option constitutes an Incentive Stock Option or
a Nonqualified Stock Option. In the absence of such designation, the Option will be deemed to be a Nonqualified Stock Option.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)&nbsp;OPTION
PRICE.&nbsp;&nbsp;Each Option Agreement shall state the Option Price, which, in the case of an Incentive Stock Option, shall not
be less than one hundred percent (100%) of the Fair Market Value of the shares of Class B Common Stock covered by the Option on
the date of grant. The Option Price shall be subject to adjustment as provided in Section 9 of the Plan.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)&nbsp;MEDIUM
AND TIME OF PAYMENT.&nbsp;&nbsp;The Option Price shall be paid in full, at the time of exercise, in cash or in shares of Class
B Common Stock having a Fair Market Value equal to such Option Price or in a combination of cash and Class B Common Stock including
a cashless exercise procedure through a broker-dealer or otherwise; provided, however, that in the case of an Incentive Stock
Option, the medium of payment shall be determined at the time of grant and set forth in the applicable Option Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(f)&nbsp;TERM
AND EXERCISABILITY OF OPTIONS.&nbsp;&nbsp;Each Option Agreement shall provide the exercise schedule for the Option as determined
by the Committee, provided, that, the Committee shall have the authority to accelerate the exercisability of any outstanding option
at such time and under such circumstances as it, in its sole discretion, deems appropriate. The exercise period will be ten (10)
years from the date of the grant of the option unless otherwise determined by the Committee; provided, however, that in the case
of an Incentive Stock Option, such exercise period shall not exceed ten (10) years from the date of grant of such Option. The
exercise period shall be subject to earlier termination as provided in Sections 6(g) and 6(h) of the Plan. An Option may be exercised,
as to any or all full shares of Class B Common Stock as to which the Option has become exercisable, by written notice delivered
in person or by mail to the administrator designated by the Company, specifying the number of shares of Class B Common Stock with
respect to which the Option is being exercised.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(g)&nbsp;TERMINATION
OF CONTINUOUS SERVICE. Except as expressly provided for in an applicable Option Agreement or as provided in this Section 6(g)
and in Section 6(h) of the Plan, an Option may not be exercised unless the Grantee is then in the employ of, or maintaining a
director or consultant relationship with, or otherwise a service provider to, the Company or a Subsidiary thereof (or a company
or a Parent or Subsidiary of such company issuing or assuming the Option in a transaction to which Section 424(a) of the Code
applies), and unless the Grantee has remained in Continuous Service with the Company or any Subsidiary since the date of grant
of the Option. In the event that the Continuous Service of a Grantee shall terminate (other than by reason of death, Disability
or Retirement), all Options of such Grantee that are exercisable at the time of Grantee&rsquo;s termination may, unless earlier
terminated in accordance with their terms, be exercised within one hundred eighty (180) days after the date of termination (or
such different period as the Committee or the applicable Option Agreement shall prescribe).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 5; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->5<!-- Field: /Sequence --></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(h)&nbsp;DEATH,
DISABILITY OR RETIREMENT OF GRANTEE.&nbsp;&nbsp;Unless otherwise expressly provided for in an Option Agreement, if a Grantee shall
die while providing Continuous Service or if the Grantee&rsquo;s Continuous Service shall terminate by reason of Disability, all
Options theretofore granted to such Grantee (to the extent otherwise exercisable) may, unless earlier terminated in accordance
with their terms, be exercised by the Grantee or by the Grantee&rsquo;s estate or by a person who acquired the right to exercise
such Options by bequest or inheritance or otherwise by result of death or Disability of the Grantee, at any time within three
hundred sixty five (365) days after the death or Disability of the Grantee (or such different period as the applicable Option
Agreement or the Committee shall prescribe). In the event that an Option granted hereunder shall be exercised by the legal representatives
of a deceased or former Grantee, written notice of such exercise shall be accompanied by a certified copy of letters testamentary
or equivalent proof of the right of such legal representative to exercise such Option. In the event that the Continuous Service
of a Grantee shall terminate on account of such Grantee&rsquo;s Retirement, all Options of such Grantee that are exercisable at
the time of such Retirement may, unless earlier terminated in accordance with their terms, be exercised at any time within one
hundred eighty (180) days after the date of such Retirement (or such different period as the applicable Option Agreement or the
Committee shall prescribe).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)&nbsp;OTHER
PROVISIONS.&nbsp;&nbsp;The Option Agreements evidencing awards under the Plan shall contain such other terms and conditions not
inconsistent with the Plan as the Committee may determine.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>7.</I>&nbsp;<I>Nonqualified
Stock Options.</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left; text-indent: 29.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Options
granted pursuant to this Section 7 are intended to constitute Nonqualified Stock Options and shall be subject only to the general
terms and conditions specified in Section 6 of the Plan.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>8.</I>&nbsp;<I>Incentive
Stock Options.</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left; text-indent: 29.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Options
granted pursuant to this Section 8 are intended to constitute Incentive Stock Options and shall be subject to the following special
terms and conditions, in addition to the general terms and conditions specified in Section 6 of the Plan:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)&nbsp;LIMITATION
ON VALUE OF SHARES.&nbsp;&nbsp;To the extent that the aggregate Fair Market Value of shares of Class B Common Stock subject to
Options designated as Incentive Stock Options which become exercisable for the first time by a Grantee during any calendar year
(under all plans of the Company or any Subsidiary) exceeds $100,000, such excess Options, to the extent of the shares covered
thereby in excess of the foregoing limitation, shall be treated as Nonqualified Stock Options. For this purpose, Incentive Stock
Options shall be taken into account in the order in which they were granted, and the Fair Market Value of the shares of Class
B Common Stock shall be determined as of the date that the Option with respect to such shares was granted.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)&nbsp;TEN
PERCENT STOCKHOLDER.&nbsp;&nbsp;In the case of an Incentive Stock Option granted to a Ten Percent Stockholder, (i) the Option
Price shall not be less than one hundred ten percent (110%) of the Fair Market Value of the shares of Class B Common Stock on
the date of grant of such Incentive Stock Option, and (ii) the exercise period shall not exceed five (5) years from the date of
grant of such Incentive Stock Option.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>9.</I>&nbsp;<I>Restricted
Stock. </I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-indent: 24.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Committee may award shares of Restricted Stock to any eligible executive officer, employee, director or consultant of the Company
or of any Subsidiary. Each award of Restricted Stock under the Plan shall be evidenced by a written Agreement between the Company
and the Grantee, in such form as the Committee shall from time to time approve, which Agreement shall comply with and be subject
to the following terms and conditions, unless otherwise specifically provided in such Agreement:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-indent: 59.4pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)
<I>NUMBER OF SHARES</I>.&nbsp;Each Agreement shall state the number of shares of Restricted Stock to be subject to an award.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-indent: 59.4pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)
<I>RESTRICTIONS</I>.&nbsp;Shares of Restricted Stock may not be sold, assigned, transferred, pledged, hypothecated or otherwise
disposed of, except by will or the laws of descent and distribution, for such period as the Committee shall determine from the
date on which the award is granted (the &ldquo;Restricted Period&rdquo;). The Committee may also impose such additional or alternative
restrictions and conditions on the shares as it deems appropriate including, but not limited to, the satisfaction of performance
criteria. Such performance criteria may include sales, earnings before interest and taxes, return on investment, earnings per
share, any combination of the foregoing or rate of growth of any of the foregoing, as determined by the Committee. The Company
may, at its option, maintain issued shares in book entry form. Certificates, if any, for shares of stock issued pursuant to Restricted
Stock awards shall bear an appropriate legend referring to such restrictions, and any attempt to dispose of any such shares of
stock in contravention of such restrictions shall be null and void and without effect. During the Restricted Period, any such
certificates shall be held in escrow by an escrow agent appointed by the Committee. In determining the Restricted Period of an
award, the Committee may provide that the foregoing restrictions shall lapse with respect to specified percentages of the awarded
shares on successive anniversaries of the date of such award.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-indent: 59.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-indent: 59.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 6; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->6<!-- Field: /Sequence --></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-indent: 59.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-indent: 59.4pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)
<I>FORFEITURE</I>.&nbsp;Subject to such exceptions as may be determined by the Committee, if the Grantee&rsquo;s Continuous Service
with the Company or any Subsidiary shall terminate for any reason prior to the expiration of the Restricted Period of an award,
any shares remaining subject to restrictions (after taking into account the provisions of Subsection (e)&nbsp;of this Section&nbsp;9)
shall thereupon be forfeited by the Grantee and transferred to, and retired by, the Company without cost to the Company or such
Subsidiary, and such shares shall become available for subsequent grants of awards under the Plan, unless otherwise determined
by the Committee.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-indent: 59.4pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)
<I>OWNERSHIP</I>.&nbsp;During the Restricted Period, the Grantee shall possess all incidents of ownership of such shares, subject
to Subsection (b)&nbsp;of this Section&nbsp;9, including the right to receive dividends with respect to such shares and to vote
such shares.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-indent: 59.4pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)
<I>ACCELERATED LAPSE OF RESTRICTIONS</I>.&nbsp;Upon the occurrence of any of the events specified in Section&nbsp;12 of the Plan
(and subject to the conditions set forth therein), all restrictions then outstanding on any shares of Restricted Stock awarded
under the Plan shall lapse as of the applicable date set forth in Section&nbsp;12. The Committee shall have the authority (and
the Agreement may so provide) to cancel all or any portion of any outstanding restrictions prior to the expiration of the Restricted
Period with respect to any or all of the shares of Restricted Stock awarded on such terms and conditions as the Committee shall
deem appropriate.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>10.
Non-Employee Director Restricted Stock. </I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-indent: 29.7pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
provisions of this Section&nbsp;10 shall apply only to certain grants of Restricted Stock to Non-Employee Directors, as provided
below. Except as set forth in this Section&nbsp;10, the other provisions of the Plan shall apply to grants of Restricted Stock
to Non-Employee Directors to the extent not inconsistent with this Section. For purposes of interpreting Section&nbsp;6 of the
Plan and this Section&nbsp;10, a Non-Employee Director&rsquo;s service as a member of the Board or the board of directors of any
Subsidiary shall be deemed to be employment with the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-indent: 59.4pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)
<I>GENERAL</I>. Non-Employee Directors shall receive Restricted Stock in accordance with this Section&nbsp;10. Restricted Stock
granted pursuant to this Section&nbsp;10 shall be subject to the terms of such section and shall not be subject to discretionary
acceleration of vesting by the Committee. Unless determined otherwise by the Committee, Non-Employee Directors shall not receive
separate and additional grants hereunder for being a Non-Employee Director of (i)&nbsp;the Company and a Subsidiary or (ii)&nbsp;more
than one Subsidiary.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-indent: 59.4pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)
<I>INITIAL GRANTS OF RESTRICTED STOCK</I>. A Non-Employee Director who first becomes a Non-Employee Director shall receive a pro-rata
amount (based on quarter(s) of service following the date the Non-Employee Director was appointed as a Non-Employee Director on
the next Non-Employee Director Annual Grant.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-indent: 59.4pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)
<I>ANNUAL GRANTS OF RESTRICTED STOCK</I>. On each Non-Employee Director Grant Date, each Non-Employee Director who attended at
least 75% of the regularly scheduled meetings of the Board of Directors during a calendar year shall receive a Non-Employee Director
Annual Grant; provided, however that a Non-Employee Director first appointed during the previous calendar year shall receive only
the initial grant of restricted stock as set forth in Section 10(b).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-indent: 59.4pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)
<I>VESTING OF RESTRICTED STOCK</I>. Restricted Stock granted under this Section&nbsp;10 shall be fully vested upon grant. &nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>11.
Effect of Certain Changes.</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)&nbsp;ADJUSTMENTS
UPON CHANGES IN CAPITALIZATION.&nbsp;&nbsp;In the event of any extraordinary dividend, stock dividend, recapitalization, merger,
consolidation, stock split, warrant or rights issuance, or combination or exchange of such shares, or other similar transactions,
the Committee shall equitably adjust (i) the maximum number of Options or shares of Restricted Stock that may be awarded to a
Grantee in any calendar year (as provided in Section 5 hereof), (ii) the number of shares of Class B Common Stock available for
awards under the Plan, (iii) the number and/or kind of shares covered by outstanding awards and (iv) the price per share of Options
so as to reflect such event and preserve the value of such awards; provided, however, that any fractional shares resulting from
such adjustment shall be eliminated.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)&nbsp;CHANGE
IN CLASS B COMMON STOCK.&nbsp;&nbsp;In the event of a change in the Class B Common Stock as presently constituted that is limited
to a change of all of its authorized shares of Class B Common Stock, into the same number of shares with a different par value
or without par value, the shares resulting from any such change shall be deemed to be the Class B Common Stock within the meaning
of the Plan.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 7; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->7<!-- Field: /Sequence --></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>12.</I>&nbsp;<I>Corporate
Transaction; Change in Control; Related Entity Disposition.</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)&nbsp;CORPORATE
TRANSACTION.&nbsp;&nbsp;In the event of a Corporate Transaction, each award which is at the time outstanding under the Plan shall
automatically become fully vested and exercisable and, in the case of an award of Restricted Stock, shall be released from any
restrictions on transfer (except with regard to the Insider Trading Policy and such other agreements between the Grantee and the
Company) and repurchase or forfeiture rights, immediately prior to the specified effective date of such Corporate Transaction.
Effective upon the consummation of the Corporate Transaction, all outstanding awards of Options under the Plan shall terminate,
unless otherwise determined by the Committee. However, all such awards shall not terminate if the awards are, in connection with
the Corporate Transaction, assumed by the successor corporation or Parent thereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)&nbsp;CHANGE
IN CONTROL.&nbsp;&nbsp;In the event of a Change in Control (other than a Change in Control which is also a Corporate Transaction),
each award which is at the time outstanding under the Plan automatically shall become fully vested and exercisable and, in the
case of an award of Restricted Stock, shall be released from any restrictions on transfer and repurchase or forfeiture rights,
immediately prior to the specified effective date of such Change in Control.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)&nbsp;RELATED
ENTITY DISPOSITION.&nbsp;&nbsp;The Continuous Service of each Grantee (who is primarily engaged in service to a Related Entity
at the time it is involved in a Related Entity Disposition) shall terminate effective upon the consummation of such Related Entity
Disposition, and each outstanding award of such Grantee under the Plan shall become fully vested and exercisable and, in the case
of an award of Restricted Stock, shall be released from any restrictions on transfer (except with regard to the Insider Trading
Policy and such other agreements between the Grantee and the Company). Unless otherwise determined by the Committee, the Continuous
Service of a Grantee shall not be deemed to terminate (and each outstanding award of such Grantee under the Plan shall not become
fully vested and exercisable and, in the case of an award of Restricted Stock, shall not be released from any restrictions on
transfer) if (i) a Related Entity Disposition involves the spin-off of a Related Entity, for so long as such Grantee continues
to remain in the service of such entity that constituted the Related Entity immediately prior to the consummation of such Related
Entity Disposition (&ldquo;SpinCo&rdquo;) in any capacity of officer, employee, director or consultant or (ii) an outstanding
award is assumed by the surviving corporation (whether SpinCo or otherwise) or its parent entity in connection with a Related
Entity Disposition.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)&nbsp;SUBSTITUTE
AWARDS.&nbsp;&nbsp;The Committee may grant awards under the Plan in substitution of stock-based incentive awards held by employees,
consultants or directors of another entity who become employees, consultants or directors of the Company or any Subsidiary by
reason of a merger or consolidation of such entity with the Company or any Subsidiary, or the acquisition by the Company or a
Subsidiary of property or equity of such entity, upon such terms and conditions as the Committee may determine, and such awards
shall not count against the share limitation set forth in Section 5 of the Plan.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>13.</I>&nbsp;<I>Period
During which Awards May Be Granted.</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left; text-indent: 29.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Awards
may be granted pursuant to the Plan from time to time within a period of ten (10) years from May 23, 2016, the date the Board
adopted the Plan.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>14.</I>&nbsp;<I>Transferability
of Awards.</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)&nbsp;Incentive
Stock Options may not be sold, pledged, assigned, hypothecated, transferred or disposed of in any manner other than by the laws
of descent and distribution and may be exercised, during the lifetime of the Grantee, only by the Grantee or his or her guardian
or legal representative.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)&nbsp;Nonqualified
Stock Options shall be transferable in the manner and to the extent acceptable to the Committee, as evidenced by a writing signed
by the Company and the Grantee. Nonqualified Stock Options shall be transferable by a Grantee as a gift to the Grantee&rsquo;s
&ldquo;family members&rdquo; (as defined in Form S-8) under such terms and conditions as may be established by the Committee;
provided that the Grantee receives no consideration for the transfer. Notwithstanding the transfer by a Grantee of a Nonqualified
Stock Option, the transferred Nonqualified Stock Option shall continue to be subject to the same terms and conditions as were
applicable to the Nonqualified Stock Option immediately before the transfer (including, without limitation, the Insider Trading
Policy) and the Grantee will continue to remain subject to the withholding tax requirements set forth in Section 15 hereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 8; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->8<!-- Field: /Sequence --></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)&nbsp;The
terms of any award granted under the Plan, including the transferability of any such award, shall be binding upon the executors,
administrators, heirs and successors of the Grantee.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)
Each Grantee who receives an award shall comply with any policy adopted by the Company from time to time covering transactions
in the Company&rsquo;s securities. By way of example, and not limitation, Restricted Stock shall remain subject to the Insider
Trading Policy after the Restricted Period.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>15.</I>&nbsp;<I>Agreement
by Grantee regarding Withholding Taxes. </I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left; text-indent: 29.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
the Committee shall so require, as a condition of exercise of an Option or the expiration of a Restricted Period (each a &ldquo;Tax
Event&rdquo;), each Grantee shall agree that no later than the date of the Tax Event, the Grantee will pay to the Company or make
arrangements satisfactory to the Committee regarding payment of any federal, state or local taxes of any kind required by law
to be withheld upon the Tax Event. Unless determined otherwise by the Committee, a Grantee shall permit, to the extent permitted
or required by law, the Company to withhold federal, state and local taxes of any kind required by law to be withheld upon the
Tax Event from any payment of any kind due to the Grantee. Unless otherwise determined by the Committee, any such above-described
withholding obligation may, in the discretion of the Company, be satisfied by the withholding by the Company or delivery to the
Company of Class B Common Stock.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>16.</I>&nbsp;<I>Rights
as a Stockholder.</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left; text-indent: 29.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Except
as provided in Section&nbsp;9(d) of the Plan, a Grantee or a transferee of an award shall have no rights as a stockholder with
respect to any shares covered by the award until the date of the issuance of such shares to him or her. No adjustment shall be
made for dividends (ordinary or extraordinary, whether in cash, securities or other property) or distribution of other rights
for which the record date is prior to the date such shares are issued, except as provided in Section&nbsp;11(a) of the Plan.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>17.</I>&nbsp;<I>No
Rights to Employment; Forfeiture of Gains.</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left; text-indent: 29.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Nothing
in the Plan or in any award granted or Agreement entered into pursuant hereto shall confer upon any Grantee the right to continue
as a director of, in the employ of, or in a consultant relationship with, the Company or any Subsidiary or to be entitled to any
remuneration or benefits not set forth in the Plan or such Agreement or to interfere with or limit in any way the right of the
Company or any such Subsidiary to terminate such Grantee&rsquo;s employment or consulting relationship. Awards granted under the
Plan shall not be affected by any change in duties or position of a Grantee as long as such Grantee continues to be employed by,
or in a consultant relationship with, or a director of the Company or any Subsidiary. The Agreement for any award under the Plan
may require the Grantee to pay to the Company any financial gain realized from the prior exercise, vesting or payment of the award
in the event that the Grantee engages in conduct that violates any non-compete, non-solicitation or non-disclosure obligation
of the Grantee under any agreement with the Company or any Subsidiary, including, without limitation, any such obligations provided
in the Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>18.</I>&nbsp;<I>Beneficiary.</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left; text-indent: 29.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
Grantee may file with the Committee a written designation of a beneficiary on such form as may be prescribed by the Committee
and may, from time to time, amend or revoke such designation. If no designated beneficiary survives the Grantee, the executor
or administrator of the Grantee&rsquo;s estate shall be deemed to be the Grantee&rsquo;s beneficiary.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>19.</I>&nbsp;<I>Approval;
Amendment and Termination of the Plan.</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)&nbsp;APPROVAL.&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Plan initially became effective when adopted by the Board on May 23, 2016 and shall terminate on the tenth anniversary of such
date (except as to awards outstanding on that date). The Plan was ratified by the Company&rsquo;s stockholder on May 24, 2016.
The Board amended the Plan on September 29, 2016 to, among other things, (i) increase the amount of authorized shares under the
Plan to 691,000 shares of Class B Common Stock and (ii) change the vesting of the Non-Employee Director Annual Grant to immediate.
The Company&rsquo;s stockholders ratified such amendment to the Plan on January 18, 2017.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 9; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->9<!-- Field: /Sequence --></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in 0in 0in 29.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 59.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)&nbsp;AMENDMENT
AND TERMINATION OF THE PLAN.&nbsp;&nbsp;The Board, or the Committee if so delegated by the Board, at any time and from time to
time may suspend, terminate, modify or amend the Plan; however, unless otherwise determined by the Board, or the Committee if
applicable, an amendment that requires stockholder approval in order for the Plan to continue to comply with any law, regulation
or stock exchange requirement shall not be effective unless approved by the requisite vote of stockholders. Except as provided
in Section 11(a) of the Plan, no suspension, termination, modification or amendment of the Plan may adversely affect any award
previously granted, unless the written consent of the Grantee is obtained.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>20.</I>&nbsp;<I>Governing
Law.</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left; text-indent: 29.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Plan and all determinations made and actions taken pursuant hereto shall be governed by the laws of the State of Delaware.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>21.</I>&nbsp;<I>Section
409A of the Code.</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left; text-indent: 29.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">It
is the intention of the Company that no award shall be &ldquo;deferred compensation&rdquo; subject to Section 409A of the Code,
unless and to the extent that the Committee specifically determines otherwise as provided in this Section 21, and the Plan and
the terms and conditions of all awards shall be interpreted accordingly. The terms and conditions governing any awards that the
Committee determines will be subject to Section 409A of the Code shall be set forth in the applicable award Agreement and shall
comply in all respects with Section 409A of the Code. Notwithstanding any provision of this Plan to the contrary, if one or more
of the payments or benefits received or to be received by a Grantee pursuant to an award would cause the Grantee to incur any
additional tax or interest under Section 409A of the Code, the Committee may reform such provision to maintain to the maximum
extent practicable the original intent of the applicable provision without violating the provisions of Section 409A of the Code.
Although the Company intends to administer the Plan so that Awards will be exempt from, or will comply with, the requirements
of Section 409A of the Code, the Company does not warrant that any Award under the Plan will qualify for favorable tax treatment
under Section 409A of the Code or any other provision of federal, state, local or foreign law. The Company shall not be liable
to any Grantee for any tax, interest, or penalties that Grantee might owe as a result of the grant, holding, vesting, exercise,
or payment of any award under the Plan.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 29.7pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 29.7pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 29.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV ALIGN="LEFT" STYLE="margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 100%">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 29.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>



<P STYLE="margin: 0in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></P>

</BODY>
</HTML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-21.01
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>f10k2017ex21-01_zedgeinc.htm
<DESCRIPTION>SUBSIDIARIES OF THE REGISTRANT
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="margin: 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Exhibit 21.01</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>DOMESTIC
SUBSIDIARIES</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">None</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>FOREIGN
SUBSIDIARIES</B>&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="width: 58%; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 39%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Country
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              of Formation</B></FONT></P></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Zedge Canada, Inc.
    <BR></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Canada</FONT></P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left"></P></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Zedge Europe AS</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Norway</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT>&nbsp;</P>

</BODY>
</HTML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-23.01
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>f10k2017ex23-01_zedgeinc.htm
<DESCRIPTION>CONSENT OF BDO USA, LLP, INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Exhibit
23.01</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><U>Consent
of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm</U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Zedge,
Inc.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">New
York, New York</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">We
hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statement on Form S-8 No. 333-212600 of Zedge, Inc. of our
report dated October 30, 2017, relating to the consolidated financial statements, which appears in this Annual Report on Form
10-K.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">/s/
BDO USA, LLP</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Woodbridge,
New Jersey</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">October
30, 2017</FONT></P>





</BODY>
</HTML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-31.01
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>f10k2017ex31-01_zedgeinc.htm
<DESCRIPTION>CERTIFICATION
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="margin: 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Exhibit 31.01</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certification
of Chief Executive Officer<BR>
pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">I,
Tom Arnoy, certify that:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">I
                                         have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Zedge, Inc.;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Based
                                         on my knowledge, this Report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact
                                         or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the
                                         circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the
                                         period covered by this report;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Based
                                         on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in
                                         this Report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results
                                         of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented
                                         in this report;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
                                         registrant&rsquo;s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing
                                         and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules
                                         13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in
                                         Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Designed
                                         such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures
                                         to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to
                                         the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others
                                         within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Designed
                                         such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over
                                         financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance
                                         regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements
                                         for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Evaluated
                                         the effectiveness of the registrant&rsquo;s disclosure controls and procedures and presented
                                         in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and
                                         procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation;
                                         and</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Disclosed
                                         in this report any change in the registrant&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting
                                         that occurred during the registrant&rsquo;s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant&rsquo;s
                                         fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected,
                                         or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant&rsquo;s internal control
                                         over financial reporting; and</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
                                         registrant&rsquo;s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most
                                         recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant&rsquo;s
                                         auditors and the audit committee of the registrant&rsquo;s board of directors (or persons
                                         performing the equivalent functions):</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">All
                                         significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal
                                         control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the
                                         registrant&rsquo;s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information;
                                         and</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Any
                                         fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have
                                         a significant role in the registrant&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Date:
October 30, 2017</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 40%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/
    Tom Arnoy</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 60%; padding: 0; text-indent: 0">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Tom
    Arnoy</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Chief
    Executive Officer</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

</BODY>
</HTML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-31.02
<SEQUENCE>6
<FILENAME>f10k2017ex31-02_zedgeinc.htm
<DESCRIPTION>CERTIFICATION
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="margin: 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Exhibit 31.02</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certification
of Chief Financial Officer<BR>
pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">I,
Jonathan Reich, certify that:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">I
                                         have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Zedge, Inc.;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Based
                                         on my knowledge, this Report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact
                                         or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the
                                         circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the
                                         period covered by this report;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Based
                                         on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in
                                         this Report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results
                                         of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented
                                         in this report;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
                                         registrant&rsquo;s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing
                                         and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules
                                         13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in
                                         Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Designed
                                         such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures
                                         to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to
                                         the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others
                                         within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Designed
                                         such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over
                                         financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance
                                         regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements
                                         for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Evaluated
                                         the effectiveness of the registrant&rsquo;s disclosure controls and procedures and presented
                                         in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and
                                         procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation;
                                         and</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Disclosed
                                         in this report any change in the registrant&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting
                                         that occurred during the registrant&rsquo;s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant&rsquo;s
                                         fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected,
                                         or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant&rsquo;s internal control
                                         over financial reporting; and</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
                                         registrant&rsquo;s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most
                                         recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant&rsquo;s
                                         auditors and the audit committee of the registrant&rsquo;s board of directors (or persons
                                         performing the equivalent functions):</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">All
                                         significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal
                                         control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the
                                         registrant&rsquo;s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information;
                                         and</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Any
                                         fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have
                                         a significant role in the registrant&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Date:
October 30, 2017</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 40%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/
    Jonathan Reich</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 60%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Jonathan
    Reich</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Chief
    Financial Officer</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

</BODY>
</HTML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-32.01
<SEQUENCE>7
<FILENAME>f10k2017ex32-01_zedgeinc.htm
<DESCRIPTION>CERTIFICATION
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="margin: 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Exhibit 32.01</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certification
Pursuant to<BR>
18 U.S.C. Section 1350<BR>
(as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of<BR>
the Sarbanes-Oxley Act Of 2002)</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0.35pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
connection with the Annual Report of Zedge, Inc. (the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;) on Form 10-K for fiscal 2017 as filed with the Securities
and Exchange Commission (the &ldquo;Report&rdquo;), I, Tom Arnoy, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to
18 U.S.C. &sect; 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0.35pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
                                         Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities
                                         Exchange Act of 1934; and</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
                                         information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial
                                         condition and results of operations of the Company.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0.35pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0.35pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Date:
October 30, 2017</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0.35pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 40%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-right: 0.8pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/
    Tom Arnoy</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 60%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Tom
    Arnoy</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Chief
    Executive Officer</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0.35pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0.35pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
signed original of this written statement required by Section 906, or other document authenticating, acknowledging, or otherwise
adopting the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Section
906, has been provided to Zedge, Inc. and will be retained by Zedge, Inc. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission
or its staff upon request.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

</BODY>
</HTML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-32.02
<SEQUENCE>8
<FILENAME>f10k2017ex32-02_zedgeinc.htm
<DESCRIPTION>CERTIFICATION
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="margin: 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Exhibit 32.02</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certification
Pursuant to<BR>
18 U.S.C. Section 1350<BR>
(as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of<BR>
the Sarbanes-Oxley Act Of 2002)</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0.35pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
connection with the Annual Report of Zedge, Inc. (the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;) on Form 10-K for fiscal 2017 as filed with the Securities
and Exchange Commission (the &ldquo;Report&rdquo;), I, Jonathan Reich, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant
to 18 U.S.C. &sect; 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
                                         Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities
                                         Exchange Act of 1934; and</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
                                         information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial
                                         condition and results of operations of the Company.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0.35pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Date:
October 30, 2017</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0.35pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 40%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-right: 0.8pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/
    Jonathan Reich</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 60%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Jonathan
    Reich</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.8pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Chief
    Financial Officer</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0.35pt; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0.35pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
signed original of this written statement required by Section 906, or other document authenticating, acknowledging, or otherwise
adopting the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Section
906, has been provided to Zedge, Inc. and will be retained by Zedge, Inc. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission
or its staff upon request.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

</BODY>
</HTML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.INS
<SEQUENCE>9
<FILENAME>zdge-20170731.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL INSTANCE FILE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!-- Generated using Ez-XBRL version 8.0.1.0 [10/27/2017 02:48:21 AM] -->
<!-- Based on XBRL 2.1 -->

<xbrli:xbrl xmlns:zdge="http://www.zdgee.com/20170731"
 xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase"
 xmlns:xbrldi="http://xbrl.org/2006/xbrldi"
 xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance"
 xmlns:iso4217="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/iso4217"
 xmlns:nonnum="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/non-numeric"
 xmlns:num="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/numeric"
 xmlns:xbrldt="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt"
 xmlns:country="http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2017-01-31"
 xmlns:currency="http://xbrl.sec.gov/currency/2017-01-31"
 xmlns:dei="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014-01-31"
 xmlns:exch="http://xbrl.sec.gov/exch/2017-01-31"
 xmlns:invest="http://xbrl.sec.gov/invest/2013-01-31"
 xmlns:naics="http://xbrl.sec.gov/naics/2017-01-31"
 xmlns:sic="http://xbrl.sec.gov/sic/2011-01-31"
 xmlns:stpr="http://xbrl.sec.gov/stpr/2011-01-31"
 xmlns:us-gaap="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2017-01-31"
 xmlns:us-types="http://fasb.org/us-types/2017-01-31"
 xmlns:xl="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/XLink"
 xmlns:utr="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/utr"
>
<link:schemaRef xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd" />
<!-- Context Section  -->
<xbrli:context id="Context_Custom_20_Mar_2014T00_00_00_TO_31_Mar_2014T00_00_00">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:startDate>
2014-03-20
</xbrli:startDate>
<xbrli:endDate>
2014-03-31
</xbrli:endDate>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2015T00_00_00">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:instant>
2015-07-31
</xbrli:instant>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2015T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_SeriesBPreferredStockMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementClassOfStockAxis">us-gaap:SeriesBPreferredStockMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:instant>
2015-07-31
</xbrli:instant>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2015T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementClassOfStockAxis">us-gaap:CommonClassBMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:instant>
2015-07-31
</xbrli:instant>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2015T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementClassOfStockAxis">us-gaap:CommonClassAMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:instant>
2015-07-31
</xbrli:instant>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2015T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:instant>
2015-07-31
</xbrli:instant>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2015T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:instant>
2015-07-31
</xbrli:instant>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2015T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_RetainedEarningsMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:instant>
2015-07-31
</xbrli:instant>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_Custom_01_May_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_May_2016T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementClassOfStockAxis">us-gaap:CommonClassBMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:startDate>
2016-05-01
</xbrli:startDate>
<xbrli:endDate>
2016-05-31
</xbrli:endDate>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:startDate>
2015-08-01
</xbrli:startDate>
<xbrli:endDate>
2016-07-31
</xbrli:endDate>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_SeriesBPreferredStockMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementClassOfStockAxis">us-gaap:SeriesBPreferredStockMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:startDate>
2015-08-01
</xbrli:startDate>
<xbrli:endDate>
2016-07-31
</xbrli:endDate>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementClassOfStockAxis">us-gaap:CommonClassBMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:startDate>
2015-08-01
</xbrli:startDate>
<xbrli:endDate>
2016-07-31
</xbrli:endDate>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementClassOfStockAxis">us-gaap:CommonClassAMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:startDate>
2015-08-01
</xbrli:startDate>
<xbrli:endDate>
2016-07-31
</xbrli:endDate>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:startDate>
2015-08-01
</xbrli:startDate>
<xbrli:endDate>
2016-07-31
</xbrli:endDate>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:startDate>
2015-08-01
</xbrli:startDate>
<xbrli:endDate>
2016-07-31
</xbrli:endDate>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_RetainedEarningsMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:startDate>
2015-08-01
</xbrli:startDate>
<xbrli:endDate>
2016-07-31
</xbrli:endDate>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_AwardTypeAxis_EmployeeStockOptionMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:startDate>
2015-08-01
</xbrli:startDate>
<xbrli:endDate>
2016-07-31
</xbrli:endDate>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_SalesRevenueNetMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_CustomerOneMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis">us-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ProductOrServiceAxis">zdge:CustomerOneMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:startDate>
2015-08-01
</xbrli:startDate>
<xbrli:endDate>
2016-07-31
</xbrli:endDate>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_SalesRevenueNetMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_CustomerTwoMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis">us-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ProductOrServiceAxis">zdge:CustomerTwoMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:startDate>
2015-08-01
</xbrli:startDate>
<xbrli:endDate>
2016-07-31
</xbrli:endDate>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_AccountsReceivableMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_CustomerOneMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis">us-gaap:AccountsReceivableMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ProductOrServiceAxis">zdge:CustomerOneMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:startDate>
2015-08-01
</xbrli:startDate>
<xbrli:endDate>
2016-07-31
</xbrli:endDate>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis_AppboyIncMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionAxis">zdge:AppboyIncMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:startDate>
2015-08-01
</xbrli:startDate>
<xbrli:endDate>
2016-07-31
</xbrli:endDate>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_SalesRevenueNetMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_CustomerThreeMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis">us-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ProductOrServiceAxis">zdge:CustomerThreeMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:startDate>
2015-08-01
</xbrli:startDate>
<xbrli:endDate>
2016-07-31
</xbrli:endDate>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_EmployeeStockOptionMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis">us-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:startDate>
2015-08-01
</xbrli:startDate>
<xbrli:endDate>
2016-07-31
</xbrli:endDate>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_NonVestedRestrictedClassBCommonStockMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis">zdge:NonVestedRestrictedClassBCommonStockMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:startDate>
2015-08-01
</xbrli:startDate>
<xbrli:endDate>
2016-07-31
</xbrli:endDate>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:instant>
2016-07-31
</xbrli:instant>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_SeriesBPreferredStockMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementClassOfStockAxis">us-gaap:SeriesBPreferredStockMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:instant>
2016-07-31
</xbrli:instant>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementClassOfStockAxis">us-gaap:CommonClassBMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:instant>
2016-07-31
</xbrli:instant>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementClassOfStockAxis">us-gaap:CommonClassAMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:instant>
2016-07-31
</xbrli:instant>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:instant>
2016-07-31
</xbrli:instant>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:instant>
2016-07-31
</xbrli:instant>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_RetainedEarningsMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:instant>
2016-07-31
</xbrli:instant>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_AwardTypeAxis_EmployeeStockOptionMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:instant>
2016-07-31
</xbrli:instant>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis_FairValueInputsLevel1Member">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis">us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis">us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Member</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:instant>
2016-07-31
</xbrli:instant>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis_FairValueInputsLevel2Member">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis">us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis">us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:instant>
2016-07-31
</xbrli:instant>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis_FairValueInputsLevel3Member">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis">us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis">us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Member</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:instant>
2016-07-31
</xbrli:instant>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementGeographicalAxis_ForeignMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementGeographicalAxis">zdge:ForeignMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:instant>
2016-07-31
</xbrli:instant>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementGeographicalAxis_US">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:US</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:instant>
2016-07-31
</xbrli:instant>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_As_Of_27_Sep_2016T00_00_00_TO_27_Sep_2016T00_00_00">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:instant>
2016-09-27
</xbrli:instant>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_Custom_01_Sep_2016T00_00_00_TO_27_Sep_2016T00_00_00">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:startDate>
2016-09-01
</xbrli:startDate>
<xbrli:endDate>
2016-09-27
</xbrli:endDate>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_As_Of_16_Nov_2016T00_00_00_TO_16_Nov_2016T00_00_00_CreditFacilityAxis_ForeignExchangeContractMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CreditFacilityAxis">us-gaap:ForeignExchangeContractMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:instant>
2016-11-16
</xbrli:instant>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_As_Of_18_Jan_2017T00_00_00_TO_18_Jan_2017T00_00_00_PlanNameAxis_TwoThousandSixteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PlanNameAxis">zdge:TwoThousandSixteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementClassOfStockAxis">us-gaap:CommonClassBMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:instant>
2017-01-18
</xbrli:instant>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_Custom_01_Jan_2017T00_00_00_TO_18_Jan_2017T00_00_00_PlanNameAxis_TwoThousandSixteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PlanNameAxis">zdge:TwoThousandSixteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementClassOfStockAxis">us-gaap:CommonClassBMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:startDate>
2017-01-01
</xbrli:startDate>
<xbrli:endDate>
2017-01-18
</xbrli:endDate>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_As_Of_31_Jan_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jan_2017T00_00_00">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:instant>
2017-01-31
</xbrli:instant>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:startDate>
2016-08-01
</xbrli:startDate>
<xbrli:endDate>
2017-07-31
</xbrli:endDate>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementClassOfStockAxis">us-gaap:CommonClassBMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:startDate>
2016-08-01
</xbrli:startDate>
<xbrli:endDate>
2017-07-31
</xbrli:endDate>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementClassOfStockAxis">us-gaap:CommonClassAMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:startDate>
2016-08-01
</xbrli:startDate>
<xbrli:endDate>
2017-07-31
</xbrli:endDate>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:startDate>
2016-08-01
</xbrli:startDate>
<xbrli:endDate>
2017-07-31
</xbrli:endDate>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:startDate>
2016-08-01
</xbrli:startDate>
<xbrli:endDate>
2017-07-31
</xbrli:endDate>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_RetainedEarningsMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:startDate>
2016-08-01
</xbrli:startDate>
<xbrli:endDate>
2017-07-31
</xbrli:endDate>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_AwardTypeAxis_EmployeeStockOptionMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:startDate>
2016-08-01
</xbrli:startDate>
<xbrli:endDate>
2017-07-31
</xbrli:endDate>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_SalesRevenueNetMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_CustomerOneMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis">us-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ProductOrServiceAxis">zdge:CustomerOneMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:startDate>
2016-08-01
</xbrli:startDate>
<xbrli:endDate>
2017-07-31
</xbrli:endDate>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_SalesRevenueNetMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_CustomerTwoMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis">us-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ProductOrServiceAxis">zdge:CustomerTwoMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:startDate>
2016-08-01
</xbrli:startDate>
<xbrli:endDate>
2017-07-31
</xbrli:endDate>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_AccountsReceivableMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_CustomerOneMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis">us-gaap:AccountsReceivableMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ProductOrServiceAxis">zdge:CustomerOneMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:startDate>
2016-08-01
</xbrli:startDate>
<xbrli:endDate>
2017-07-31
</xbrli:endDate>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis_AppboyIncMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionAxis">zdge:AppboyIncMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:startDate>
2016-08-01
</xbrli:startDate>
<xbrli:endDate>
2017-07-31
</xbrli:endDate>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_SalesRevenueNetMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_CustomerThreeMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis">us-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ProductOrServiceAxis">zdge:CustomerThreeMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:startDate>
2016-08-01
</xbrli:startDate>
<xbrli:endDate>
2017-07-31
</xbrli:endDate>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_EmployeeStockOptionMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis">us-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:startDate>
2016-08-01
</xbrli:startDate>
<xbrli:endDate>
2017-07-31
</xbrli:endDate>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_NonVestedRestrictedClassBCommonStockMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis">zdge:NonVestedRestrictedClassBCommonStockMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:startDate>
2016-08-01
</xbrli:startDate>
<xbrli:endDate>
2017-07-31
</xbrli:endDate>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_CreditFacilityAxis_ForeignExchangeContractMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CreditFacilityAxis">us-gaap:ForeignExchangeContractMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:startDate>
2016-08-01
</xbrli:startDate>
<xbrli:endDate>
2017-07-31
</xbrli:endDate>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_SalesRevenueNetMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis">us-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:startDate>
2016-08-01
</xbrli:startDate>
<xbrli:endDate>
2017-07-31
</xbrli:endDate>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_AwardTypeAxis_RestrictedStockMember_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:RestrictedStockMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementClassOfStockAxis">us-gaap:CommonClassBMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:startDate>
2016-08-01
</xbrli:startDate>
<xbrli:endDate>
2017-07-31
</xbrli:endDate>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis_AugustTwoZeroOneSevenMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis">zdge:AugustTwoZeroOneSevenMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:startDate>
2016-08-01
</xbrli:startDate>
<xbrli:endDate>
2017-07-31
</xbrli:endDate>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis_SeptemberTwoZeroOneSevenMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis">zdge:SeptemberTwoZeroOneSevenMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:startDate>
2016-08-01
</xbrli:startDate>
<xbrli:endDate>
2017-07-31
</xbrli:endDate>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_SoftwareAndSoftwareDevelopmentCostsMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis">us-gaap:SoftwareAndSoftwareDevelopmentCostsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:startDate>
2016-08-01
</xbrli:startDate>
<xbrli:endDate>
2017-07-31
</xbrli:endDate>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOtherTypesMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis">us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOtherTypesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:startDate>
2016-08-01
</xbrli:startDate>
<xbrli:endDate>
2017-07-31
</xbrli:endDate>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_AccountsReceivableMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_CustomerTwoMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis">us-gaap:AccountsReceivableMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ProductOrServiceAxis">zdge:CustomerTwoMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:startDate>
2016-08-01
</xbrli:startDate>
<xbrli:endDate>
2017-07-31
</xbrli:endDate>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis_NorwaySkattefunnMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis">zdge:NorwaySkattefunnMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:startDate>
2016-08-01
</xbrli:startDate>
<xbrli:endDate>
2017-07-31
</xbrli:endDate>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:instant>
2017-07-31
</xbrli:instant>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementClassOfStockAxis">us-gaap:CommonClassBMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:instant>
2017-07-31
</xbrli:instant>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementClassOfStockAxis">us-gaap:CommonClassAMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:instant>
2017-07-31
</xbrli:instant>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:instant>
2017-07-31
</xbrli:instant>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:instant>
2017-07-31
</xbrli:instant>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_RetainedEarningsMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementEquityComponentsAxis">us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:instant>
2017-07-31
</xbrli:instant>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_AwardTypeAxis_EmployeeStockOptionMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:instant>
2017-07-31
</xbrli:instant>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis_FairValueInputsLevel1Member">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis">us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis">us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Member</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:instant>
2017-07-31
</xbrli:instant>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis_FairValueInputsLevel2Member">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis">us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis">us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:instant>
2017-07-31
</xbrli:instant>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis_FairValueInputsLevel3Member">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis">us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis">us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Member</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:instant>
2017-07-31
</xbrli:instant>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementGeographicalAxis_ForeignMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementGeographicalAxis">zdge:ForeignMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:instant>
2017-07-31
</xbrli:instant>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementGeographicalAxis_US">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementGeographicalAxis">country:US</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:instant>
2017-07-31
</xbrli:instant>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_PlanNameAxis_TwoThousandSixteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PlanNameAxis">zdge:TwoThousandSixteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementClassOfStockAxis">us-gaap:CommonClassBMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:instant>
2017-07-31
</xbrli:instant>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis_NorwaySkattefunnMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis">zdge:NorwaySkattefunnMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:instant>
2017-07-31
</xbrli:instant>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_CollateralAxis_RealEstateMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CollateralAxis">us-gaap:RealEstateMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:instant>
2017-07-31
</xbrli:instant>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_CollateralAxis_SoftwareServiceSupportAndMaintenanceArrangementMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:CollateralAxis">us-gaap:SoftwareServiceSupportAndMaintenanceArrangementMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:instant>
2017-07-31
</xbrli:instant>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_AwardTypeAxis_RestrictedStockMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:AwardTypeAxis">us-gaap:RestrictedStockMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:instant>
2017-07-31
</xbrli:instant>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis_FederalOperatingLossCarryforwardMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ShortTermDebtTypeAxis">zdge:FederalOperatingLossCarryforwardMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:instant>
2017-07-31
</xbrli:instant>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis_StateOperatingLossCarryforwardMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:ShortTermDebtTypeAxis">zdge:StateOperatingLossCarryforwardMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:instant>
2017-07-31
</xbrli:instant>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_Custom_01_Sep_2017T00_00_00_TO_30_Sep_2017T00_00_00_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_SubsequentEventMember_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_FreeformDevelopmentIncMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:SubsequentEventTypeAxis">us-gaap:SubsequentEventMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis">zdge:FreeformDevelopmentIncMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:startDate>
2017-09-01
</xbrli:startDate>
<xbrli:endDate>
2017-09-30
</xbrli:endDate>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_Custom_01_Sep_2017T00_00_00_TO_30_Sep_2017T00_00_00_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_SubsequentEventMember_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember_TitleOfIndividualAxis_EmployeesMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:SubsequentEventTypeAxis">us-gaap:SubsequentEventMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementClassOfStockAxis">us-gaap:CommonClassBMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:TitleOfIndividualAxis">zdge:EmployeesMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:startDate>
2017-09-01
</xbrli:startDate>
<xbrli:endDate>
2017-09-30
</xbrli:endDate>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_Custom_01_Sep_2017T00_00_00_TO_30_Sep_2017T00_00_00_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_SubsequentEventMember_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_FreeformDevelopmentIncMember_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:SubsequentEventTypeAxis">us-gaap:SubsequentEventMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis">zdge:FreeformDevelopmentIncMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementClassOfStockAxis">us-gaap:CommonClassBMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:startDate>
2017-09-01
</xbrli:startDate>
<xbrli:endDate>
2017-09-30
</xbrli:endDate>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_Custom_01_Sep_2017T00_00_00_TO_30_Sep_2017T00_00_00_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_SubsequentEventMember_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:SubsequentEventTypeAxis">us-gaap:SubsequentEventMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementClassOfStockAxis">us-gaap:CommonClassBMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:startDate>
2017-09-01
</xbrli:startDate>
<xbrli:endDate>
2017-09-30
</xbrli:endDate>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_Custom_01_Oct_2017T00_00_00_TO_18_Oct_2017T00_00_00_PlanNameAxis_TwoThousandSixteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_SubsequentEventMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:PlanNameAxis">zdge:TwoThousandSixteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:SubsequentEventTypeAxis">us-gaap:SubsequentEventMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:startDate>
2017-10-01
</xbrli:startDate>
<xbrli:endDate>
2017-10-18
</xbrli:endDate>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_As_Of_21_Oct_2017T00_00_00_TO_21_Oct_2017T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementClassOfStockAxis">us-gaap:CommonClassBMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:instant>
2017-10-21
</xbrli:instant>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<xbrli:context id="Context_As_Of_21_Oct_2017T00_00_00_TO_21_Oct_2017T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember">
<xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001667313</xbrli:identifier>
<xbrli:segment>
<xbrldi:explicitMember dimension="us-gaap:StatementClassOfStockAxis">us-gaap:CommonClassAMember</xbrldi:explicitMember>
</xbrli:segment>
</xbrli:entity>
<xbrli:period>
<xbrli:instant>
2017-10-21
</xbrli:instant>
</xbrli:period>
</xbrli:context>
<!-- Unit Section  -->
<!--
I~1\FVPHexeD5678YReqi>IhkevEkirxw<6c444c555cT{h>7G5EGE=H1=8FF1874I1E59;1J:85J=7H:<7J -->
<xbrli:unit id="USD"><xbrli:measure>iso4217:USD</xbrli:measure></xbrli:unit>
<xbrli:unit id="shares"><xbrli:measure>xbrli:shares</xbrli:measure></xbrli:unit>
<xbrli:unit id="USD_per_Share"><xbrli:divide><xbrli:unitNumerator><xbrli:measure>iso4217:USD</xbrli:measure></xbrli:unitNumerator><xbrli:unitDenominator><xbrli:measure>xbrli:shares</xbrli:measure></xbrli:unitDenominator></xbrli:divide></xbrli:unit>
<xbrli:unit id="pure"><xbrli:measure>xbrli:pure</xbrli:measure></xbrli:unit>
<xbrli:unit id="Customer"><xbrli:measure>zdge:Customer</xbrli:measure></xbrli:unit>
<xbrli:unit id="Segments"><xbrli:measure>zdge:Segments</xbrli:measure></xbrli:unit>
<xbrli:unit id='NOK'><xbrli:measure>iso4217:NOK</xbrli:measure></xbrli:unit>
<!-- Element Section  --><dei:EntityRegistrantName contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">Zedge, Inc.</dei:EntityRegistrantName>
<dei:EntityCentralIndexKey contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">0001667313</dei:EntityCentralIndexKey>
<dei:AmendmentFlag contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">false</dei:AmendmentFlag>
<dei:TradingSymbol contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">ZDGE</dei:TradingSymbol>
<dei:CurrentFiscalYearEndDate contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">--07-31</dei:CurrentFiscalYearEndDate>
<dei:DocumentType contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">10-K</dei:DocumentType>
<dei:DocumentPeriodEndDate contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">2017-07-31</dei:DocumentPeriodEndDate>
<dei:DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">FY</dei:DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus>
<dei:DocumentFiscalYearFocus contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">2017</dei:DocumentFiscalYearFocus>
<dei:EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">No</dei:EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer>
<dei:EntityVoluntaryFilers contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">No</dei:EntityVoluntaryFilers>
<dei:EntityCurrentReportingStatus contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">Yes</dei:EntityCurrentReportingStatus>
<dei:EntityFilerCategory contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">Smaller Reporting Company</dei:EntityFilerCategory>
<dei:EntityPublicFloat contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jan_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jan_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-5">23800000</dei:EntityPublicFloat>
<dei:EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding contextRef="Context_As_Of_21_Oct_2017T00_00_00_TO_21_Oct_2017T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="shares" decimals="INF">9441738</dei:EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding>
<dei:EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding contextRef="Context_As_Of_21_Oct_2017T00_00_00_TO_21_Oct_2017T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" unitRef="shares" decimals="INF">524775</dei:EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding>
<us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2015T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">2170000</us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue>
<us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">5978000</us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue>
<us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">4580000</us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue>
<us-gaap:ReceivablesNetCurrent contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">1668000</us-gaap:ReceivablesNetCurrent>
<us-gaap:ReceivablesNetCurrent contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">1712000</us-gaap:ReceivablesNetCurrent>
<us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseCurrent contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">210000</us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseCurrent>
<us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseCurrent contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">315000</us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseCurrent>
<us-gaap:OtherAssetsCurrent contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">107000</us-gaap:OtherAssetsCurrent>
<us-gaap:OtherAssetsCurrent contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">427000</us-gaap:OtherAssetsCurrent>
<us-gaap:OtherAssetsCurrent contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis_NorwaySkattefunnMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">260000</us-gaap:OtherAssetsCurrent>
<us-gaap:AssetsCurrent contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">7963000</us-gaap:AssetsCurrent>
<us-gaap:AssetsCurrent contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">7034000</us-gaap:AssetsCurrent>
<us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">1843000</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet>
<us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">2678000</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet>
<us-gaap:Goodwill contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2015T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">2438000</us-gaap:Goodwill>
<us-gaap:Goodwill contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">2361000</us-gaap:Goodwill>
<us-gaap:Goodwill contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">2518000</us-gaap:Goodwill>
<us-gaap:OtherAssetsNoncurrent contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">266000</us-gaap:OtherAssetsNoncurrent>
<us-gaap:OtherAssetsNoncurrent contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">301000</us-gaap:OtherAssetsNoncurrent>
<us-gaap:Assets contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">12433000</us-gaap:Assets>
<us-gaap:Assets contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementGeographicalAxis_ForeignMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">3857000</us-gaap:Assets>
<us-gaap:Assets contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementGeographicalAxis_US" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">8576000</us-gaap:Assets>
<us-gaap:Assets contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">12531000</us-gaap:Assets>
<us-gaap:Assets contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementGeographicalAxis_ForeignMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">3621000</us-gaap:Assets>
<us-gaap:Assets contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementGeographicalAxis_US" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">8910000</us-gaap:Assets>
<us-gaap:AccountsPayableCurrent contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">36000</us-gaap:AccountsPayableCurrent>
<us-gaap:AccountsPayableCurrent contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">33000</us-gaap:AccountsPayableCurrent>
<us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">1487000</us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent>
<us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">1840000</us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent>
<us-gaap:DeferredRevenueCurrent contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">15000</us-gaap:DeferredRevenueCurrent>
<us-gaap:DeferredRevenueCurrent contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:DueToRelatedPartiesCurrent contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2015T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">369000</us-gaap:DueToRelatedPartiesCurrent>
<us-gaap:DueToRelatedPartiesCurrent contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">299000</us-gaap:DueToRelatedPartiesCurrent>
<us-gaap:DueToRelatedPartiesCurrent contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">36000</us-gaap:DueToRelatedPartiesCurrent>
<us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">1837000</us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent>
<us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">1909000</us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent>
<us-gaap:Liabilities contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">1837000</us-gaap:Liabilities>
<us-gaap:Liabilities contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">1909000</us-gaap:Liabilities>
<us-gaap:CommitmentsAndContingencies contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:CommitmentsAndContingencies contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:PreferredStockValue contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:PreferredStockValue contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:CommonStockValue contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">88000</us-gaap:CommonStockValue>
<us-gaap:CommonStockValue contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">5000</us-gaap:CommonStockValue>
<us-gaap:CommonStockValue contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">91000</us-gaap:CommonStockValue>
<us-gaap:CommonStockValue contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">5000</us-gaap:CommonStockValue>
<us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapital contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">21045000</us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapital>
<us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapital contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">21446000</us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapital>
<us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">-817000</us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax>
<us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">-584000</us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax>
<us-gaap:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">-9725000</us-gaap:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit>
<us-gaap:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">-10336000</us-gaap:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit>
<us-gaap:StockholdersEquity contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2015T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">6444000</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
<us-gaap:StockholdersEquity contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2015T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">76000</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
<us-gaap:StockholdersEquity contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2015T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">5000</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
<us-gaap:StockholdersEquity contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2015T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">17726000</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
<us-gaap:StockholdersEquity contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2015T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">-655000</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
<us-gaap:StockholdersEquity contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2015T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_RetainedEarningsMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">-10708000</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
<us-gaap:StockholdersEquity contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">10596000</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
<us-gaap:StockholdersEquity contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">88000</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
<us-gaap:StockholdersEquity contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">5000</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
<us-gaap:StockholdersEquity contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">21045000</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
<us-gaap:StockholdersEquity contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">-817000</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
<us-gaap:StockholdersEquity contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_RetainedEarningsMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">-9725000</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
<us-gaap:StockholdersEquity contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">10622000</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
<us-gaap:StockholdersEquity contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">91000</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
<us-gaap:StockholdersEquity contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">5000</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
<us-gaap:StockholdersEquity contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">21446000</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
<us-gaap:StockholdersEquity contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">-584000</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
<us-gaap:StockholdersEquity contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_RetainedEarningsMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">-10336000</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
<us-gaap:LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">12433000</us-gaap:LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity>
<us-gaap:LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">12531000</us-gaap:LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity>
<us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent>
<us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent>
<us-gaap:PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD_per_Share" decimals="2">0.01</us-gaap:PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare>
<us-gaap:PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD_per_Share" decimals="2">0.01</us-gaap:PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare>
<us-gaap:PreferredStockSharesAuthorized contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="shares" decimals="-3">2400000</us-gaap:PreferredStockSharesAuthorized>
<us-gaap:PreferredStockSharesAuthorized contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="shares" decimals="-3">2400000</us-gaap:PreferredStockSharesAuthorized>
<us-gaap:PreferredStockSharesIssued contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="shares" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:PreferredStockSharesIssued contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="shares" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="USD_per_Share" decimals="2">0.01</us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare>
<us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" unitRef="USD_per_Share" decimals="2">0.01</us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare>
<us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="USD_per_Share" decimals="2">0.01</us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare>
<us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" unitRef="USD_per_Share" decimals="2">0.01</us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare>
<us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="shares" decimals="-3">40000000</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized>
<us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" unitRef="shares" decimals="-3">2600000</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized>
<us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="shares" decimals="-3">40000000</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized>
<us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" unitRef="shares" decimals="-3">2600000</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized>
<us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="shares" decimals="-3">8819000</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued>
<us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" unitRef="shares" decimals="-3">525000</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued>
<us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="shares" decimals="-3">9123000</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued>
<us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" unitRef="shares" decimals="-3">525000</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued>
<us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="shares" decimals="-3">8819000</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding>
<us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" unitRef="shares" decimals="-3">525000</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding>
<us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="shares" decimals="-3">9123000</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding>
<us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" unitRef="shares" decimals="-3">525000</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding>
<us-gaap:Revenues contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">11113000</us-gaap:Revenues>
<us-gaap:Revenues contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">10031000</us-gaap:Revenues>
<us-gaap:CostOfRevenue contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">1299000</us-gaap:CostOfRevenue>
<us-gaap:CostOfRevenue contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">1567000</us-gaap:CostOfRevenue>
<us-gaap:SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">7755000</us-gaap:SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense>
<us-gaap:SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">8468000</us-gaap:SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense>
<us-gaap:SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis_NorwaySkattefunnMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">289000</us-gaap:SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense>
<us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">605000</us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization>
<us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">643000</us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization>
<us-gaap:GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1 contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">-281000</us-gaap:GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1>
<us-gaap:GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1 contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">-36000</us-gaap:GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1>
<us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">1173000</us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss>
<us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">-683000</us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss>
<us-gaap:InterestIncomeExpenseNet contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">2000</us-gaap:InterestIncomeExpenseNet>
<us-gaap:InterestIncomeExpenseNet contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">19000</us-gaap:InterestIncomeExpenseNet>
<us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">-49000</us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax>
<us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">37000</us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax>
<us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">1126000</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments>
<us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">-627000</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments>
<us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">143000</us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
<us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">-16000</us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
<us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">983000</us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss>
<us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_RetainedEarningsMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">983000</us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss>
<us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">-611000</us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss>
<us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_RetainedEarningsMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">-611000</us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss>
<us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">-162000</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax>
<us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">233000</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax>
<us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">-162000</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax>
<us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">233000</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax>
<us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">821000</us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax>
<us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">-378000</us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax>
<us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD_per_Share" decimals="2">0.12</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic>
<us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD_per_Share" decimals="2">-0.06</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic>
<us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD_per_Share" decimals="2">0.11</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted>
<us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD_per_Share" decimals="2">-0.06</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted>
<us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="shares" decimals="-3">8346000</us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic>
<us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="shares" decimals="-3">9467000</us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic>
<us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="shares" decimals="-3">9279000</us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding>
<us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="shares" decimals="-3">9467000</us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding>
<us-gaap:SharesOutstanding contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2015T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="shares" decimals="-3">7637000</us-gaap:SharesOutstanding>
<us-gaap:SharesOutstanding contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2015T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" unitRef="shares" decimals="-3">525000</us-gaap:SharesOutstanding>
<us-gaap:SharesOutstanding contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="shares" decimals="-3">8819000</us-gaap:SharesOutstanding>
<us-gaap:SharesOutstanding contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" unitRef="shares" decimals="-3">525000</us-gaap:SharesOutstanding>
<us-gaap:SharesOutstanding contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="shares" decimals="-3">9123000</us-gaap:SharesOutstanding>
<us-gaap:SharesOutstanding contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" unitRef="shares" decimals="-3">525000</us-gaap:SharesOutstanding>
<zdge:ReclassificationOfMezzanineEquity contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">100000</zdge:ReclassificationOfMezzanineEquity>
<zdge:ReclassificationOfMezzanineEquity contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<zdge:ReclassificationOfMezzanineEquity contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<zdge:ReclassificationOfMezzanineEquity contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">100000</zdge:ReclassificationOfMezzanineEquity>
<zdge:ReclassificationOfMezzanineEquity contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<zdge:ReclassificationOfMezzanineEquity contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_RetainedEarningsMember" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">3000000</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues>
<us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">11000</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues>
<us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">2989000</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues>
<us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_RetainedEarningsMember" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="shares" decimals="-3">1083000</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues>
<us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">65000</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised>
<us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">1000</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised>
<us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">64000</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised>
<us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_RetainedEarningsMember" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">110000</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised>
<us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">3000</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised>
<us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">107000</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised>
<us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_RetainedEarningsMember" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="shares" decimals="-3">100000</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised>
<us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="shares" decimals="-3">281000</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised>
<us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_AwardTypeAxis_EmployeeStockOptionMember" unitRef="shares" decimals="-3">281000</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised>
<us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">166000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation>
<us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">166000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation>
<us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_RetainedEarningsMember" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">275000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation>
<us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">275000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation>
<us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_RetainedEarningsMember" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="shares" decimals="-3">1000</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation>
<us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="shares" decimals="-3">-18000</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation>
<us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeBenefitPlan contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">19000</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeBenefitPlan>
<us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeBenefitPlan contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeBenefitPlan contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeBenefitPlan contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">19000</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeBenefitPlan>
<us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeBenefitPlan contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeBenefitPlan contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_RetainedEarningsMember" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesEmployeeBenefitPlan contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="shares" decimals="-3">5000</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesEmployeeBenefitPlan>
<us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">-162000</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax>
<us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">-162000</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax>
<us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_RetainedEarningsMember" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">233000</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax>
<us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">233000</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax>
<us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_RetainedEarningsMember" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxesAndTaxCredits contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">-26000</us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxesAndTaxCredits>
<us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxesAndTaxCredits contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">-28000</us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxesAndTaxCredits>
<us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">46000</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable>
<us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">45000</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable>
<us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">94000</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets>
<us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">481000</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets>
<us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherOperatingAssets contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">7000</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherOperatingAssets>
<us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherOperatingAssets contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">8000</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherOperatingAssets>
<us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">39000</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities>
<us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">400000</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities>
<us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInDueToRelatedPartiesCurrent contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">-70000</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInDueToRelatedPartiesCurrent>
<us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInDueToRelatedPartiesCurrent contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">-263000</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInDueToRelatedPartiesCurrent>
<us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInDeferredRevenue contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">11000</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInDeferredRevenue>
<us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInDeferredRevenue contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">-15000</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInDeferredRevenue>
<us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">1842000</us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities>
<us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">-97000</us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities>
<us-gaap:PaymentsToDevelopSoftware contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">1006000</us-gaap:PaymentsToDevelopSoftware>
<us-gaap:PaymentsToDevelopSoftware contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">1506000</us-gaap:PaymentsToDevelopSoftware>
<us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">-1006000</us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities>
<us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">-1506000</us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities>
<us-gaap:ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">9000</us-gaap:ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised>
<us-gaap:ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">166000</us-gaap:ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised>
<us-gaap:ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_AwardTypeAxis_EmployeeStockOptionMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">109790</us-gaap:ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised>
<us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfPrivatePlacement contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">3000000</us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfPrivatePlacement>
<us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfPrivatePlacement contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">3009000</us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities>
<us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">166000</us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities>
<us-gaap:EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashAndCashEquivalents contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">-37000</us-gaap:EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashAndCashEquivalents>
<us-gaap:EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashAndCashEquivalents contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">39000</us-gaap:EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashAndCashEquivalents>
<us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecrease contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">3808000</us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecrease>
<us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecrease contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">-1398000</us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecrease>
<us-gaap:IncomeTaxesPaid contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">112000</us-gaap:IncomeTaxesPaid>
<us-gaap:IncomeTaxesPaid contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<zdge:ReceivableForExerciseOfStockOptions contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">56000</zdge:ReceivableForExerciseOfStockOptions>
<zdge:ReceivableForExerciseOfStockOptions contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:BusinessDescriptionAndAccountingPoliciesTextBlock contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Note 1&amp;#8212;Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Description of Business&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Zedge, Inc. (the &amp;#8220;Company&amp;#8221;), a Delaware corporation, was incorporated in 2008.&amp;#160;&lt;font style="background-color: white;"&gt;The Company&amp;#8217;s content platform enables consumers to personalize their mobile devices with free, high-quality ringtones, wallpapers, home screen app icons, widgets and notification sounds.&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;The Company conducts business as a single operating segment.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The consolidated financial statements include all of the accounts of the Company and Zedge Europe AS, a Norwegian corporation and Zedge Canada, Inc. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0in; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The Company&amp;#8217;s fiscal year ends on July&amp;#160;31 of each calendar year. Each reference below to a fiscal year refers to the fiscal year ending in the calendar year indicated (e.g., fiscal 2017 refers to the fiscal year ended July&amp;#160;31, 2017).&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0in; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The Spin-Off&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The Company was formerly a majority-owned subsidiary of IDT Corporation (&amp;#8220;IDT&amp;#8221;). On June 1, 2016, IDT&amp;#8217;s interest in the Company was spun-off by IDT to IDT&amp;#8217;s stockholders and the Company became an independent public company through a pro rata distribution of the Company&amp;#8217;s common stock held by IDT to IDT&amp;#8217;s stockholders (the &amp;#8220;Spin-Off&amp;#8221;).&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal;
 -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Basis of Accounting&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The assets and liabilities in the accompanying financial statements are recorded at historical cost. Direct expenses historically incurred by IDT prior to the Spin-Off on behalf of the Company and Zedge Europe AS are reflected in these financial statements. The most significant expenses as covered under a Master Services Agreement with IDT were as follows: legal and professional fees, and salaries and employee benefits were allocated based on specific identification; certain facility costs, travel, and consulting fees, as well as salaries of personnel in the payroll, human resources, purchasing, accounts payable, treasury, network and telephone services and legal departments were allocated based on estimates of the incremental cost incurred by IDT; medical and dental benefits were allocated based on rates similar to COBRA health benefit provision rates charged to former IDT employees; stock-based compensation and retirement benefits under IDT&amp;#8217;s defined contribution plan were allocated based on specific identification; and insurance was allocated based on a combination of headcount and specific policy identification. Management believes that the assumptions and methods of allocation used were reasonable. However, the costs as allocated were not necessarily indicative of the costs that would have been incurred if the Company operated on a stand-alone basis. Therefore, the consolidated financial statements included herein may not necessarily be indicative of the financial position, results of operations, changes in stockholders&amp;#8217; equity and cash flows of the Company to be expected in the future or what they would have been had the Company been a separate stand-alone entity during the periods presented.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Use of Estimates&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (&amp;#8220;U.S. GAAP&amp;#8221;) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results may differ from those estimates.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Revenue Recognition&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The Company generates over 90% of its revenues from selling its advertising inventory to advertising networks, advertising exchanges, and direct arrangements with advertisers. Advertising networks and advertising exchanges are third party technology platforms that facilitate the buying and selling of media advertising inventory from multiple ad networks. The price of advertising inventory is fixed on an advertising network whereas the price for inventory is determined through bidding on an advertising exchange. The Company&amp;#8217;s direct arrangements with advertisers are primarily related to game publishers. The Company recognizes advertising revenue as advertisements are delivered to users through impressions, ad views or app installs (depending on the terms agreed upon with the advertiser), as long as evidence of the arrangement with the payer exists (generally through an executed contract), the price is fixed and determinable, and the Company has assessed collectability as reasonably assured.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000;
 text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;The remainder of the Company&amp;#8217;s revenue is primarily generated from our managing and optimizing the advertising inventory of a third-party mobile application publisher, as well as overseeing the billing, collections and reporting related to advertising for this publisher.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;The Company generally reports its revenue net of amounts due to agencies and brokers because the Company is not the primary obligor in the relevant arrangements, it does not finalize the pricing, and it does not establish or maintain a direct relationship with the advertiser. Certain advertising arrangements that are directly between the Company and advertisers are recognized gross equal to the price paid to the Company by the customer since the Company is the primary obligor and the Company determines the price. Any third party costs related to such direct relationships are recognized as direct cost of revenues.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Concentration of Credit Risk and Significant Customers&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist principally of cash, cash equivalents and trade accounts receivable. The Company holds cash and cash equivalents at several major financial institutions, which may exceed FDIC insured limits. Historically, the Company has not experienced any losses due to such concentration of credit risk. The Company&amp;#8217;s temporary cash investments policy is to limit the dollar amount of investments with any one financial institution and monitor the credit ratings of those institutions. While the Company may be exposed to credit losses due to the nonperformance of the holders of its deposits, the Company does not expect the settlement of these transactions to have a material effect on its results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The Company routinely assesses the financial strength of its customers. As a result, the Company believes that its accounts receivable credit risk exposure is limited and has not experienced significant write-downs in its accounts receivable balances. In the year ended July 31, 2017, three customers represented 43%, 17%, and 10% of the Company's revenue and in the year ended July 31, 2016 three customers represented 45%, 20% and 13% of the Company's revenue. At July 31, 2017, two customers represented 47% and 12% of the Company&amp;#8217;s accounts receivable balance and at July 31, 2016, one customer represented 62% of the Company&amp;#8217;s accounts receivable balance. All of these significant customers were advertising exchanges operated by leading companies, and the receivables represent many smaller amounts due from advertisers.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Direct Cost of Revenues&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color:
 initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Direct cost of revenues for the Company consists of fees paid to third parties that provide the Company with internet hosting, content serving and filtering, and marketing automation services. Such costs are charged to expense as incurred.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Long-Lived Assets&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Property and equipment is recorded at cost and depreciated on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful lives, which range as follows: capitalized software and technology development costs&amp;#8212;3 years; and other&amp;#8212;3, 5, 7, 10 or 20 years. Other is comprised of furniture and fixtures, office equipment, video conference equipment, computer hardware and computer software.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The Company tests the recoverability of its long-lived assets with finite useful lives whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. The Company tests for recoverability based on the projected undiscounted cash flows to be derived from such asset. If the projected undiscounted future cash flows are less than the carrying value of the asset, the Company will record an impairment loss, if any, based on the difference between the estimated fair value and the carrying value of the asset. The Company generally measures fair value by considering sale prices for similar assets or by discounting estimated future cash flows from such asset using an appropriate discount rate. Cash flow projections and fair value estimates require significant estimates and assumptions by management. Should the estimates and assumptions prove to be incorrect, the Company may be required to record impairments in future periods and such impairments could be material.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Capitalized Software and Technology Development Costs&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The Company accounts for capitalized software and technology development costs in accordance with Accounting Standard Codification (&amp;#8220;ASC&amp;#8221;) 350-40. These costs consist of internal development costs on various projects that the Company invested in specific to the various platforms on which the Company operates its service that are capitalized during the application development stage. Capitalized software and technology development costs are included in property and equipment, net and are amortized over the estimated useful life of the software, generally three years. All ordinary maintenance costs are expensed as incurred.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Goodwill&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;
 color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price and related costs over the value assigned to the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets of the business acquired. Under ASC 350,&amp;#160;&lt;i&gt;Intangibles-Goodwill and Other&lt;/i&gt;, goodwill is not amortized, but instead is tested for impairment annually, or if certain circumstances indicate a possible impairment may exist. The Company determined that it is a single reporting unit for its annual impairment test.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;In fiscal 2017, the Company adopted the Accounting Standards Update (&amp;#8220;ASU&amp;#8221;) that simplifies the subsequent measurement of goodwill by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. In computing the implied fair value of goodwill under Step 2, an entity had to perform procedures to determine the fair value at the impairment testing date of its assets and liabilities (including unrecognized assets and liabilities) following the procedure that would be required in determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. Instead, under the amendments in this ASU, the Company performs its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of its reporting unit with its carrying amount. The Company would recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit&amp;#8217;s fair value; however, the loss recognized would not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. Additionally, the Company considers income tax effects from any tax deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of its reporting unit when measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The Company&amp;#8217;s estimated fair value substantially exceeded its carrying value in Step 1 of the Company&amp;#8217;s annual impairment tests as of May 1st for the years ended July 31, 2017 and 2016. The Company concluded that no goodwill impairment existed in the years ended July 31, 2017 and 2016. The Company uses the market approach (guideline company method) for its Step 1 analysis.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Cash and Cash Equivalents&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Income Taxes&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman',
 times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The accompanying financial statements include provisions for federal, state and foreign income taxes. Prior to the Spin-Off, the Company was included in consolidated federal income tax returns with IDT and IDT&amp;#8217;s other subsidiaries.&amp;#160;Income taxes in the accompanying consolidated financial statements were calculated on a separate tax return basis.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between the financial statements carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets depends on the generation of future taxable income during the period in which related temporary differences become deductible. The Company considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies in its assessment of a valuation allowance. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date of such change.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The Company uses a two-step approach for recognizing and measuring tax benefits taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The Company determines whether it is more-likely-than-not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. In evaluating whether a tax position has met the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, the Company presumes that the position will be examined by the appropriate taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured to determine the amount of tax benefit to recognize in the financial statements. The tax position is measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Differences between tax positions taken in a tax return and amounts recognized in the financial statements will generally result in one or more of the following: an increase in a liability for income taxes payable, a reduction of an income tax refund receivable, a reduction in a deferred tax asset, or an increase in a deferred tax liability.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The Company classifies interest and penalties on income taxes as a component of income tax expense.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Contingencies&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The Company accrues for loss contingencies when both (a)&amp;#160;information available prior to issuance of the financial statements indicates that
 it
 is probable that a liability had been incurred at the date of the financial statements and (b)&amp;#160;the amount of loss can reasonably be estimated. When the Company accrues for loss contingencies and the reasonable estimate of the loss is within a range, the Company records its best estimate within the range. When no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount, the Company accrues the minimum amount in the range. The Company discloses an estimated possible loss or a range of loss when it is at least reasonably possible that a loss may have been incurred.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Earnings Per Share&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to all classes of common stockholders of the Company by the weighted average number of shares of all classes of common stock outstanding during the applicable period. Diluted earnings per share is computed in the same manner as basic earnings per share, except that the number of shares is increased to include restricted stock still subject to risk of forfeiture and to assume exercise of potentially dilutive stock options using the treasury stock method, unless the effect of such increase is anti-dilutive.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The weighted-average number of shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to the Company&amp;#8217;s common stockholders consists of the following:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Year ended July 31,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;2017&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;2016&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1191px;"&gt;Basic weighted-average number of shares&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 142px; text-align: right;"&gt;9,467&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 141px; text-align: right;"&gt;8,346&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;Effect of dilutive securities:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt;"&gt;Stock options&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0pt 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td
 style="text-align:
 left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;913&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;Non-vested restricted Class B common stock&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;20&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;Diluted weighted-average number of shares&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;9,467&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;9,279&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The following shares were excluded from the diluted earnings per share computation because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;Year ended July 31,&amp;#160;&lt;br /&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;2017&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;2016&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1191px; text-align: left;"&gt;Stock options&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 142px; text-align: right;"&gt;1,438&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 141px; text-align: right;"&gt;355&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;Non-vested restricted Class B common stock&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;53&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt;
 border-bottom-style:
 solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;Shares excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;1,491&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;355&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;For fiscal 2017, the diluted earnings per share equals basic earnings per share because the Company had a net loss and the impact of the assumed exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock would have been anti-dilutive. For fiscal 2016, outstanding stock options were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share because the exercise price of the stock options was greater than the average market price of the Company&amp;#8217;s stock during the period.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Stock-Based Compensation&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The Company recognizes&amp;#160;compensation expense for all of its grants of stock-based awards based on the estimated fair value on the grant date. Compensation cost for awards is recognized using the straight-line method over the vesting period. Stock-based compensation is included in selling, general and administrative expense.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;On August 1, 2017, the Company adopted the ASU intended to improve the accounting for employee share-based payments. The ASU simplifies several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. The adoption of the ASU did not have an impact on the Company&amp;#8217;s consolidated financial statements.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Fair Value Measurements&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size:
 10pt;"&gt;Fair value of
 financial and non-financial assets and liabilities is defined as an exit price, which is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The three-tier hierarchy for inputs used to measure fair value, which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value, is as follows:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tr style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 142px; text-indent: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; vertical-align: top; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Level&amp;#160;1&amp;#160;&amp;#8211;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1425px; text-indent: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; vertical-align: top; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Level&amp;#160;2&amp;#160;&amp;#8211;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; text-indent: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; vertical-align: top; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Level&amp;#160;3&amp;#160;&amp;#8211;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; text-indent: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;unobservable inputs based on the Company&amp;#8217;s assumptions used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;A financial asset or liability&amp;#8217;s classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment, and may affect the valuation of the assets and liabilities being measured and their placement within the fair value hierarchy.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Derivative Instruments &amp;#8211; Foreign Exchange Forward Contracts&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The Company&amp;#8217;s earnings and cash flows are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, primarily the&amp;#160;&lt;font style="background-color: white;"&gt;U.S. Dollar&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&amp;#8211; Norwegian Krone (&amp;#8220;NOK&amp;#8221;) exchange rate. The Company&amp;#8217;s risk management policy allows for the use of derivative financial instruments to prudently manage foreign currency exchange rate exposure. Foreign currency derivative activities are subject to the management, direction and control of the executive management. Foreign exchange forward contracts are recognized on the consolidated balance sheet at their
 fair value in
 &amp;#8220;Other current assets&amp;#8221; or &amp;#8220;Accrued expenses&amp;#8221;, and changes in fair value are recognized in &amp;#8220;Net gain (loss) resulting from foreign exchange transactions&amp;#8221; in the consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Functional Currency&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The U.S. Dollar is the Company&amp;#8217;s functional currency. The functional currencies for the Company&amp;#8217;s subsidiaries that operate outside of the United States are NOK for Zedge Europe AS and the Canadian dollar for Zedge Canada, Inc., which are the currencies of the primary economic environments in which they primarily expend cash. The Company translates assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies to U.S. Dollars at the exchange rate in effect as of the financial statement date, and translates accounts from the statements of comprehensive (loss)&amp;#160;&lt;font style="background-color: white;"&gt;income using the weighted average exchange rate for the period. Gains or losses resulting from foreign currency translations are recorded in &amp;#8220;Accumulated other comprehensive loss&amp;#8221; in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses including gains and losses from currency exchange rate changes related to intercompany receivables and payables are reported in &amp;#8220;Net gain (loss) resulting from foreign exchange transactions&amp;#8221; in the accompanying&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Allowance for Doubtful Accounts&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The allowance for doubtful accounts reflects the Company&amp;#8217;s best estimate of probable losses inherent in the accounts receivable balance. The allowance is determined based on known troubled accounts, historical experience and other currently available evidence. Doubtful accounts are written-off upon final determination that the trade accounts will not be collected.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;In August 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (&amp;#8220;FASB&amp;#8221;) issued an ASU intended to improve the financial reporting of hedging relationships to better portray the economic results of an entity&amp;#8217;s risk management activities in its financial statements. In addition, the ASU includes certain targeted improvements to simplify the application of hedge accounting guidance in U.S. GAAP. The amendments in this ASU are effective for the Company on August 1, 2019. Early application is permitted. Entities will apply the amendments to cash flow and net investment hedge relationships that exist on the date of adoption using a modified retrospective approach. The presentation and disclosure requirements will be applied prospectively. The Company is evaluating the impact that this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px;
 white-space: normal;
 orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;In May 2017, the FASB issued an ASU to provide guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting. Pursuant to this ASU, an entity should account for the effects of a modification unless all the following are met: (1) the fair value (or calculated value or intrinsic value, if such an alternative measurement method is used) of the modified award is the same as the fair value (or calculated value or intrinsic value, if such an alternative measurement method is used) of the original award immediately before the original award is modified (if the modification does not affect any of the inputs to the valuation technique that the entity uses to value the award, the entity is not required to estimate the value immediately before and after the modification); (2) the vesting conditions of the modified award are the same as the vesting conditions of the original award immediately before the original award is modified; and (3) the classification of the modified award as an equity instrument or a liability instrument is the same as the classification of the original award immediately before the original award is modified. The Company will adopt the amendments in this ASU prospectively to an award modified on or after on August 1, 2018. The Company is evaluating the impact that the new standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;In January 2017, the FASB issued an ASU to clarify the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. Under the current guidance, there are three elements of a business&amp;#8212;inputs, processes, and outputs. While an integrated set of assets and activities (collectively referred to as a &amp;#8220;set&amp;#8221;) that is a business usually has outputs, outputs are not required to be present. In addition, all the inputs and processes that a seller uses in operating a set are not required if market participants can acquire the set and continue to produce outputs, for example, by integrating the acquired set with their own inputs and processes. The amendments in this ASU provide a screen to determine when a set is not a business. The screen requires that when substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired (or disposed of) is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets, the set is not a business. This screen reduces the number of transactions that need to be further evaluated. If the screen is not met, the amendments in this ASU (1) require that to be considered a business, a set must include, at a minimum, an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create output and (2) remove the evaluation of whether a market participant could replace missing elements. The amendments provide a framework to assist entities in evaluating whether both an input and a substantive process are present. The framework includes two sets of criteria to consider that depend on whether a set has outputs. Although outputs are not required for a set to be a business, outputs generally are a key element of a business; therefore, the FASB has developed more stringent criteria for sets without outputs. Lastly, the ASU narrows the definition of the term output. The Company will adopt the amendments in this ASU on August 1, 2018. The Company is evaluating the impact that the new standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;In June 2016, the FASB issued an ASU that changes the impairment model for most financial assets and certain other instruments. For receivables, loans and other instruments, entities will be required to use a new forward-looking &amp;#8220;expected loss&amp;#8221; model that generally will result in the earlier recognition of allowance for losses. For available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses, entities will measure credit losses in a manner similar to current practice, except the losses will be recognized as allowances instead of reductions in the amortized cost of the securities. In addition, an entity will have to disclose significantly more information about allowances, credit quality indicators and past due securities. The new provisions will be applied as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings. The Company will adopt the new standard on August 1, 2020. The
 Company is evaluating the
 impact that the new standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;In February 2016, the FASB issued an ASU related to the accounting for leases. The new standard establishes a right-of-use (&amp;#8220;ROU&amp;#8221;) model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. The Company will adopt the new standard on August 1, 2019. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. The Company is evaluating the impact that the new standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;In May 2014, the FASB and the International Accounting Standards Board jointly issued a comprehensive new revenue recognition standard that will supersede most of the current revenue recognition guidance under U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards (&amp;#8220;IFRS&amp;#8221;). The goals of the revenue recognition project were to clarify and converge the revenue recognition principles under U.S. GAAP and IFRS and to develop guidance that would streamline and enhance revenue recognition requirements. To accomplish this objective, the standard requires five basic steps: (i) identify the contract with the customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. Entities have the option of using either a full retrospective or modified retrospective approach for the adoption of the standard. The Company expects to adopt this standard on August 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach. The Company has identified its main revenue streams, which are advertising revenue, app installs and advertising ops outsourcing. In addition, the Company substantially completed reviewing contracts and other relevant documents for most of its customers that comprises its main revenue streams. Based on this preliminary analysis to date of the adoption of the standard, the Company has not identified a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements, although this is subject to change as the Company completes the process.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:BusinessDescriptionAndAccountingPoliciesTextBlock>
<us-gaap:FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Note 2&amp;#8212;Fair Value Measurements&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The following table presents the balance of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;July 31, 2017&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;Level 1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;Level 2&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;Level 3&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td&gt;Assets:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="width: 815px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;Foreign exchange forward contracts&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 142px; text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 142px; text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;137&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 141px; text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px;
 text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 141px; text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;137&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td&gt;Liabilities:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;Foreign exchange forward contracts&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;July 31, 2016&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;Level 1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;Level 2&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;Level 3&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td&gt;Assets:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td
 style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="width: 815px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;Foreign exchange forward contracts&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 142px; text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 142px; text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;21&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 141px; text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 141px; text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;21&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td&gt;Liabilities:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;Foreign exchange forward contracts&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;15&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;15&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style:
 initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Fair Value of Other Financial Instruments&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The Company&amp;#8217;s other financial instruments at July 31, 2017 and 2016 included trade accounts receivable, trade accounts payable and due to IDT Corporation. The carrying amounts of the trade accounts receivable, trade accounts payable and due to IDT Corporation balances approximated fair value due to their short-term nature. These fair value estimates were classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock>
<us-gaap:DerivativeInstrumentsAndHedgingActivitiesDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Note 3&amp;#8212;Derivative Instruments&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The primary risk managed by the Company using derivative instruments is foreign exchange risk. Foreign exchange forward contracts are entered into as hedges against unfavorable fluctuations in the U.S. Dollar - NOK exchange rate. Subsequent to the Spin-Off and until November 2016, IDT provided hedging services to the Company pursuant to the Transition Services Agreement (see Note 11). As of November 16, 2016, the Company entered into a Foreign Exchange Agreement with Western Alliance Bank allowing the Company to enter into foreign exchange contracts under its revolving credit facility with the bank (see Note 13). The Company does not apply hedge accounting to these contracts; therefore the changes in fair value are recorded in earnings. By using derivative instruments to mitigate exposures to changes in foreign exchange rates, the Company is exposed to credit risk from the failure of the counterparty to perform under the terms of the contract. The credit or repayment risk is minimized by entering into transactions with high-quality counterparties.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The outstanding contracts at July 31, 2017 were as follows:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;Settlement Date&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; text-align: right; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;U.S. Dollar&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; text-align: right; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; text-align: right; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Amount&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; text-align: right; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;NOK&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; text-align: right; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; text-align: right; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Amount&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1191px;"&gt;August 2017&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 142px; text-align: right;"&gt;1,000,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 141px; text-align: right;"&gt;8,408,640&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td&gt;September 2017&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;1,000,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;8,404,640&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font:
 10pt/normal
 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The fair value of outstanding derivative instruments recorded in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets were as follows:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;July 31,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;2017&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;2016&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;td&gt;Assets Derivatives:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Balance Sheet Location&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 20pt; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;Derivatives not designated or not qualifying as hedging instruments&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="width: 800px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;Foreign exchange forward contracts&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 377px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;Other current assets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 141px; text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;137&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 141px; text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;21&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 12pt; text-indent: -12pt; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Liabilities Derivatives:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align:
 right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td
 style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 20pt; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;Derivatives not designated or not qualifying as hedging instruments&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;Foreign exchange forward contracts&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;Accrued expenses&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;15&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The effects of derivative instruments on the consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income were as follows:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized on Derivatives&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Year ended July 31,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; text-align: right; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; text-align: right; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2017&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;2016&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;Derivatives not designated or not qualifying as
 hedging instruments&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td
 style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized on Derivatives&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="width: 643px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;Foreign exchange forward contracts&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding: 0px; width: 565px; text-indent: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0pt 0px;"&gt;Net gain (loss) resulting from foreign exchange transactions&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 126px; text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;105&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 125px; text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;(142&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:DerivativeInstrumentsAndHedgingActivitiesDisclosureTextBlock>
<us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Note 4&amp;#8212;Property and Equipment&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Property and equipment consisted of the following:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;July 31,&lt;br /&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2007&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1191px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Capitalized software and technology development costs&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 142px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;6,419&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 141px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;5,001&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Other&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color:
 black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;297&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;230&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;6,716&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;5,231&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Less accumulated depreciation and amortization&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(4,038&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(3,388&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Total&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color:
 black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2,678&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;1,843&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Depreciation and amortization expense pertaining to property and equipment was $643,000 and $605,000 for the years ended July 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;In each of the years ended July 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company decided to abandon certain software and technology projects that were in development. Since these abandoned projects did not have any future benefit, the Company charged to expense the capitalized software and technology development costs for these projects of $36,000 and $281,000 in the years ended July 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock>
<us-gaap:GoodwillDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Note 5&amp;#8212;Goodwill&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The Company&amp;#8217;s goodwill related to an acquisition made in a prior period and is carried on the balance sheet of Zedge Europe AS.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The table below reconciles the change in the carrying amount of goodwill for the period from July 31, 2015 to July 31, 2017:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1379px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Balance at July 31, 2015&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 141px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2,438&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Foreign currency translation adjustments&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;
 font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(77&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Balance at July 31, 2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2,361&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Foreign currency translation adjustments&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;157&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Balance at July 31, 2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2,518&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:GoodwillDisclosureTextBlock>
<us-gaap:AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Note 6&amp;#8212;Accrued Expenses&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Accrued expenses consist of the following:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;July 31,&amp;#160;&lt;br /&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1191px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Accrued vacation&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 142px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;685&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 141px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;494&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Accrued payroll taxes&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align:
 left;
 text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;277&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;210&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Accrued payroll and bonuses&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;250&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;72&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Accrued direct cost of revenues&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;6&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;111&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Accrued advertising&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;184&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;242&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;
 text-indent:
 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Accrued income taxes&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;36&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;119&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Accrued Professional fees&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;130&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;131&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Other&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;272&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;108&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Total accrued expenses&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style:
 solid;"&gt;&lt;font
 style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;1,840&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;1,487&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock>
<us-gaap:StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Note 7&amp;#8212;Equity&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1.05pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The rights of holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock are identical except for certain voting and conversion rights and restrictions on transferability. The holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock receive identical dividends per share when and if declared by the Company&amp;#8217;s Board of Directors. In addition, the holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock have identical and equal priority rights per share in liquidation. The Class A common stock and Class B common stock do not have any other contractual participation rights. The holders of Class A common stock are entitled to three votes per share and the holders of Class B common stock are entitled to one-tenth of a vote per share. Each share of Class A common stock may be converted into one share of Class B common stock, at any time, at the option of the holder. Shares of Class A common stock are subject to certain limitations on transferability that do not apply to shares of Class B common stock.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Reclassification of Mezzanine Equity&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;In 2012, shares of the Company&amp;#8217;s Series B convertible preferred stock were issued by the Company&amp;#8217;s Board of Directors in excess of the number of shares duly authorized by the Company&amp;#8217;s Certificate of Incorporation. These shares of Series B convertible preferred stock were classified as mezzanine equity at the original purchase price in the consolidated balance sheet because they did not meet the definition of permanent equity as a result of the legal imperfections. In February 2016, the Company prepared and filed a certificate of validation with the State of Delaware for an amendment to the Restated Certificate of Incorporation requesting an increase in the number of authorized shares of Series B convertible preferred stock.&amp;#160;On February 24, 2016, the State of Delaware certified this validation, which was effective retroactive to the date of the defective act.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Changes to mezzanine amounts in the year ended July 31, 2016 was as follows:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"
 colspan="6"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Series B Convertible Preferred&amp;#160;Stock&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;(dollars in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Shares&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Amount&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1191px;"&gt;Balance at July 31, 2015&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 142px; text-align: right;"&gt;947&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left;"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 141px; text-align: right;"&gt;100&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;Reclassification of mezzanine equity&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;(947&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;(100&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;Balance at July 31, 2016&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; text-align: left; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Recapitalization Prior to the Spin-Off&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;As part of the Spin-Off, the Company&amp;#8217;s capital stock was recapitalized so that, instead of having a single class of common stock and two series of preferred stock authorized and outstanding, all such shares were converted into shares of the Company&amp;#8217;s Class A common stock and Class B common stock, all options to purchase the Company&amp;#8217;s common stock became options to purchase a proportional number of shares of the Company&amp;#8217;s Class B common stock, and the Company has preferred stock authorized, but no shares of preferred stock are outstanding. The Company&amp;#8217;s financial statements were retroactively adjusted to reflect the recapitalization.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal;
 word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Equity Purchase Prior to the Spin-Off&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;In connection with the Spin-Off, in May 2016, certain of the Company&amp;#8217;s equity holders purchased Class B common stock representing approximately 10.0% of the Company&amp;#8217;s capital stock for $3 million.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock>
<us-gaap:LegalMattersAndContingenciesTextBlock contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Note 8&amp;#8212;Commitments and Contingencies&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-style: italic; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Legal Proceedings&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0in; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0in; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;In March 2014, Saregama India, Limited filed a lawsuit against the Company before the Barasat District Court, seeking approximately $1.6 million as damages and an injunction for copyright infringement. The main ground for the lawsuit was an allegation that the Company avails the plaintiff&amp;#8217;s sound recordings through the Company&amp;#8217;s platform with full knowledge that the sound recordings have been uploaded and are being communicated to the public without obtaining any license from the plaintiff. There have been no material updates to this matter since filing in March 2014. The Company believes that the possibility of it bearing material liability on the matter is remote.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0in; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The Company may from time to time be subject to other legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. Although there can be no assurance in this regard, the Company does not expect any of those legal proceedings to have a material adverse effect on the Company&amp;#8217;s results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-style: italic; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Lease Commitments&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman',
 times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The Company&amp;#8217;s future contractual obligations and other commercial commitments at July 31, 2017 were as follows:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1250.4px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Year ended July 31,&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-align: right;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2018&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-align: right;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;b&gt;2019&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-align: right;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;b&gt;Thereafter&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-align: right;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Total&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 650.4px; text-align: left; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Real estate leases&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 112.8px; text-align: right; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;202&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 112.8px; text-align: right; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;102&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 112px; text-align: right; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12px; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 112px; text-align: right; padding: 0px; text-indent:
 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;304&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Software as a Service (&amp;#8220;SaaS&amp;#8221;) license&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;223&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;100&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;323&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;
&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Total contractual obligations&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;425&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;202&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px;
 border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;627&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Rental expense under operating leases was $289,000 and $244,000 in the years ended July 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:LegalMattersAndContingenciesTextBlock>
<us-gaap:IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Note 9&amp;#8212;Income Taxes&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Until the Spin-Off, the Company was a member of IDT&amp;#8217;s consolidated group of entities for which income tax returns were filed for the consolidated group, and income taxes for the Company were calculated on a separate tax return basis.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The components of (loss) income before income taxes are as follows:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1250.4px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Year ended July 31,&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 950.4px; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Domestic&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;
 font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 112.8px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(717&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 112px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;604&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Foreign&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;90&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;522&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom: 4pt double black; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(Loss) income before income taxes&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 4pt double black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 4pt double black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 4pt double black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(627&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 4pt double black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 4pt double black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 4pt double black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 4pt double black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;1,126&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 4pt double black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Provision for (benefit from) income taxes consisted of the following:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
 white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1250.4px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Year ended July 31,&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Current:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 938.4px; text-indent: 0px; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Foreign&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 112.8px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;12&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 112px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;169&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;
&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Federal&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;
 text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-indent: 0px; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;State&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Total current expense&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;12&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;169&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Deferred:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;
&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-top: 0px; padding-right:
 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Foreign&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(28&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(26&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;
&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Federal&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-indent: 0px; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;State&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Total deferred expense&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(28&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font
 style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(26&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(Benefit from) Provision for income taxes&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(16&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;143&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The differences between income taxes expected at the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate and income taxes reported were as follows:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1250.4px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Year ended July 31,&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid
 black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 950.4px; text-align: left; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;U.S. federal income tax at statutory rate&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 112.8px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(213&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 112px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;383&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;State income tax&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(165&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;69&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Valuation allowance&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;717&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(276&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Foreign tax rate differential&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;16&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td
 style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(34&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Meals&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;5&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;4&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Stock compensation and employment credits&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(381&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Other&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;5&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(3&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font
 style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(Benefit from) provision for income taxes&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(16&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;143&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The Company has not recorded U.S. income tax expense for foreign earnings, as such earnings are permanently reinvested outside the United States. The cumulative undistributed foreign earnings are included in accumulated deficit in the Company&amp;#8217;s consolidated balance sheets and consisted of approximately $1.8 million at July 31, 2017. Upon distribution of these foreign earnings to the Company&amp;#8217;s domestic entities, the Company may be subject to U.S. income taxes and withholding of foreign taxes; however, it is not practicable to determine the amount, if any, which would be paid.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Significant components of the Company&amp;#8217;s deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are as follows:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1250.4px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;July 31,&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right:
 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Deferred tax assets:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 950.4px; text-align: left; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Net operating loss carryforwards&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 112.8px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;951&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 112px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;305&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Reserves and accruals&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;377&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;352&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Stock-based compensation&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right:
 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;76&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;1&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Gross deferred tax assets&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;1,404&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;658&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"&gt;Less valuation allowance&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(1,232&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(515&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Total deferred tax assets&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;172&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td
 style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;143&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Total deferred tax liabilities&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Deferred tax assets, net&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;172&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;143&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Deferred tax assets, net are included in &amp;#8220;Other assets&amp;#8221; in the consolidated balance sheets.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal;
 orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;At July 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company had available Federal and State net operating loss (&amp;#8220;NOL&amp;#8221;) carryforwards ("from domestic operations of approximately $2.0 million and $0.6 million, respectively, to offset future taxable income. The Federal and State NOL carryforwards will begin to expire in 2036. The Company had no available NOLs from foreign operations.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Due to its history of losses, the Company believes that it is not more-likely-than-not that all of the deferred tax assets can be realized. Therefore, the Company has a full valuation allowance on all U.S. deferred tax assets. The change in the valuation allowance is as follows:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1250.4px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Year ended July 31&amp;#160;&lt;br /&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Balance at&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;beginning of&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;year&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Additions&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;charged to&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;costs and&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;expenses&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Deductions&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Balance at&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;end of year&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td
 style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Reserves deducted from deferred income taxes, net:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 626.4px; text-align: left; padding-left: 0.25in; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Valuation allowance&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 112.8px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;515&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 112.8px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px;
 padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;717&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 112px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 112px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;1,232&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Reserves deducted from deferred income taxes, net:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px;
 padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0.25in; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Valuation allowance&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2,305&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(1,790&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;515&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size:
 10pt;"&gt;At July 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company did not have any unrecognized tax benefits and did not anticipate any significant changes to the unrecognized tax benefits within twelve months of this reporting date. In the years ended July 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company did not record any interest or penalties on income taxes. At July 31, 2017 and 2016, there was no accrued interest included in income taxes payable.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The Company currently remains subject to examinations of its tax returns as follows: U.S. federal tax returns for fiscal 2014 to fiscal 2015 as part of the IDT consolidated tax return and for pre and post spin periods for fiscal 2016, state and local tax returns generally for fiscal 2014 to fiscal 2016 and foreign tax returns generally for fiscal 2012 to fiscal 2016.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;In September 2016, the Company was notified that the Zedge Europe AS tax returns for 2012 and 2016 were going to be audited by the tax authorities in Norway. The initial audit meeting took place in October 2016 and the audit is progressing. No significant issues have been identified at this time. Amounts asserted by taxing authorities or the amount ultimately assessed against the Company could be greater than any accrued amount. Accordingly, provisions may be recorded in the future as estimates are revised or underlying matters are settled or resolved. Imposition of assessments as a result of tax audits could have an adverse effect on the Company&amp;#8217;s results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;In connection with the Spin-Off, the Company and IDT entered into various agreements prior to the Spin-Off including a Separation and Distribution Agreement to effect the separation and provide a framework for the Company&amp;#8217;s relationship with IDT after the Spin-Off, and a Tax Separation Agreement, which sets forth the responsibilities of the Company and IDT with respect to, among other things, liabilities for federal, state, local and foreign taxes for periods before and including the Spin-Off, the preparation and filing of tax returns for such periods and disputes with taxing authorities regarding taxes for such periods. Pursuant to Separation and Distribution Agreement, among other things, the Company indemnifies IDT and IDT indemnifies the Company for losses related to the failure of the other to pay, perform or otherwise discharge, any of the liabilities and obligations set forth in the agreement. Pursuant to the Tax Separation Agreement, among other things, IDT indemnifies the Company from all liability for taxes of the Company and any of its subsidiaries or relating to its business with respect to taxable periods ending on or before the Spin-Off, and the Company indemnifies IDT from all liability for taxes of the Company and any of its subsidiaries or relating to its business accruing after the Spin-Off. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company is responsible for, and IDT has no obligation to indemnify the Company for, any tax liability of the Company resulting from an audit, examination or other proceeding related to any tax returns that relate solely to it and its subsidiaries regardless of whether such tax return relates to a period prior to or following the Spin-Off.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;
 font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-style: italic; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1.05pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Research and Development Credits&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;As of July 31, 2017, the balance of the Company&amp;#8217;s receivable from Norway&amp;#8217;s SkatteFUNN government program designed to stimulate research and development in Norwegian trade and industry was $260,000, which was included in &amp;#8220;Other current assets&amp;#8221; in the consolidated balance sheet and $289,000 was recorded as a reduction of selling, general and administrative expense for the year ended July 31, 2017.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock>
<us-gaap:DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Note 10&amp;#8212;Stock-Based Compensation&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-style: italic; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2016 Stock Option and Incentive Plan&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The Company adopted the Zedge, Inc. 2016 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (&amp;#8220;2016 Incentive Plan&amp;#8221;), which became effective upon the consummation of the Spin-Off. The 2016 Incentive Plan is intended to provide incentives to executive officers, employees, directors and consultants of the Company. Incentives available under the 2016 Incentive Plan include restricted stock, stock options and stock appreciation rights. The 2016 Incentive Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Company&amp;#8217;s Board of Directors.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;On January 18, 2017, the Company&amp;#8217;s stockholders ratified an amendment to the 2016 Incentive Plan to increase the number of shares of the Company&amp;#8217;s Class&amp;#160;B common stock reserved for the grant of awards thereunder by 500,000 shares to an aggregate of 691,000 shares. At July 31, 2017, there were 487,000 shares of the Company&amp;#8217;s Class B common stock available for awards under the 2016 Incentive Plan.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"&gt;On October 18, 2017, the Company&amp;#8217;s Board of Directors amended the&amp;#160;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2016 Incentive Plan to increase the number of shares of the Company&amp;#8217;s Class&amp;#160;B common stock available for the grant of awards thereunder by an additional 350,000 shares. The amendment is subject to ratification by the Company&amp;#8217;s stockholders.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style:
 normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;In the years ended July 31, 2017 and 2016 there was no income tax benefit resulting from tax deductions in excess of the compensation cost recognized for the Company&amp;#8217;s stock-based compensation.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-style: italic; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Stock Options&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The Company&amp;#8217;s option awards generally have a maximum term of 10 years from grant date, are exercisable upon vesting unless otherwise designated for early exercise by the Board of Directors at the time of grant, and are pursuant to individual written agreements. Prior to the Spin-Off, historical grants generally vested ratably over a three to four-year period. Subsequent to the Spin-Off, grants generally vest over a three-year period. Certain option agreements provide for accelerated vesting of options upon the effective date of an initial public offering or a change in control of the Company.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;In connection with the Spin-Off, in June 2016, the Compensation Committee of the Company&amp;#8217;s Board of Directors approved an extension of the expiration dates of all outstanding stock options held by current employees and consultants of the Company that do not reside in the United States. The expiration date of the stock options was extended to May 31, 2026. This extension applied to options to purchase an aggregate of 0.9&amp;#160;million shares of the Company&amp;#8217;s Class B common stock. In fiscal 2016, the Company recorded stock-based compensation expense of $123,000 for the modification of the options based on their estimated fair value on June 2, 2016.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;In fiscal 2017, the Company received proceeds of $109,790 from the exercise, during that period, of stock options for which the Company issued 280,700 shares of its Class B common stock. In addition, in fiscal 2017, the Company received proceeds of $56,840 from the exercise, in fiscal 2016, of stock options which was recorded as a receivable as of July 31, 2016.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;
 -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0pt 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"&gt;The fair value of stock options was estimated on the date of the grant using a Black-Scholes valuation model and the assumptions in the following table. Expected volatility is based on historical volatility of the Company&amp;#8217;s Class B common stock and other factors. The Company uses historical data on exercise of stock options, post vesting forfeitures and other factors to estimate the expected term of the stock-based payments granted. The risk free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The Company used the following weighted average assumptions in its BSM pricing model:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1250.4px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Year ended July 31,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Expected term&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;6.1 years&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent:
 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;6.0 years&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 950.4px; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Volatility&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 112.8px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;81&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 112px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;113&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Risk free interest rate&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;1.7&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;1.3&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Dividends&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Grant date fair value&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px;
 padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2.41&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;3.71&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;A summary of the Company&amp;#8217;s stock option activity is as follows:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1250.4px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;
&lt;p style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0pt 0px; text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Number of Options&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0pt 0px; text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Weighted-Average Exercise Price&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid
 black; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;
&lt;p style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0pt 0px; text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Aggregate&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0pt 0px; text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Intrinsic Value&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0pt 0px; text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 650.4px; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Outstanding at July 31, 2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 112.8px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;1,440&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 112.8px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;0.93&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 112px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 112px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Granted&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;279&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font
 style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;3.80&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Exercised&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(281&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;0.39&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Cancelled / forfeited&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black;
 text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Outstanding at July 31, 2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;1,438&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;1.59&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;8.22&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;1,212&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Exercisable at July 31, 2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size:
 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;1,149&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;1.03&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;6.37&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;1,212&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended July 31, 2017 and 2016 was $0.8 million and $0.1 million, respectively. At July 31, 2017, there was $590,000 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.3 years.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-style: italic; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Restricted Stock&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;As part of the Spin-Off, holders of IDT restricted Class B common stock and Deferred Stock Units (&amp;#8220;DSUs&amp;#8221;) received, in
 respect of those restricted shares and DSUs, one restricted share of the Company&amp;#8217;s Class B common stock for every three restricted shares of IDT and one DSU of the Company for every three DSUs of IDT that they owned as of the record date for the Spin-Off (the same ratio as used for shares of our Class B common stock distributed by IDT in connection with the Spin-Off). As such, 111,842 shares of restricted stock and 7,767 DSUs were issued (adjusted for forfeitures) pursuant to the terms of the 2016 Incentive Plan. Such restricted shares of the Company&amp;#8217;s Class B common stock are restricted under the same terms as the IDT restricted stock in respect of which they were issued. The restricted shares of the Company&amp;#8217;s Class B common stock received in the Spin-Off are subject to forfeiture on the same terms, and their restrictions will lapse at the same time, as the corresponding IDT shares. The fair value of restricted shares of the Company&amp;#8217;s Class B common stock is determined based on the closing price of the Company&amp;#8217;s Class B common stock on the grant date. Share awards generally vest on a graded basis over three years of service.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;In fiscal 2017, the Company granted 17,349 restricted shares of its Class B common stock, which vested immediately, to its non-employee Board of Directors at a grant date fair value of $3.13 per share. The shares were awarded pursuant to the non-employee Board of Director&amp;#8217;s annual automatic grant. There were no other restricted share grants in the years ended July 31, 2017 and 2016. At July 31, 2017, there were 49,474 non-vested shares of restricted stock and 3,885 non-vested DSUs.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock>
<us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">&lt;div&gt;&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Note 11&amp;#8212;Related Party Transactions&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Prior to the Spin-Off, IDT charged the Company for certain transactions and&amp;#160;allocated routine expenses based on company specific items covered under a Master Services Agreement. This agreement provided for, among other things: (1) the allocation between the Company and IDT of employee benefits, taxes and other liabilities and obligations; (2)&amp;#160;services to be provided by IDT relating to human resources and employee benefits administration; and (3) finance, accounting, tax, facilities and legal services to be provided by IDT to the Company. Following the Spin-Off, IDT charges the Company for services it provides pursuant to the Transition Services Agreement. The services provided pursuant to the Transition Services Agreement include human resources, payroll, investor relations, legal, accounting, tax, financial systems, management consulting and foreign exchange risk management. IDT&amp;#8217;s charges are included in &amp;#8220;Selling, general and administrative expense&amp;#8221; in the consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The change in the Company&amp;#8217;s liability to IDT was as follows:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Years ended July 31,&amp;#160;&lt;br /&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1191px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Balance at beginning of year&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new
 roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 142px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;299&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 141px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;369&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Payments by IDT on behalf of the Company&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;937&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2,122&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Cash repayments, net of advances&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(1,200&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(2,192&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Balance at end of year&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left:
 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;36&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;299&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;In the years ended July 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company paid $137,000 and $141,000, respectively, to Appboy, Inc. for use of its customer relationship management and lifecycle marketing platform. The Chief Executive Officer and Co-Founder of Appboy, Inc. is a member of the Company&amp;#8217;s Board of Directors.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock>
<us-gaap:SegmentReportingDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Note 12&amp;#8212;Business Segment and Geographic Information&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The Company provides a content platform, worldwide, centered on self-expression, attracting both creators looking to promote their content and consumers who utilize such content to express their identity, feelings, tastes and interests. The Company&amp;#8217;s platform enables consumers to personalize their mobile devices with free, high-quality ringtones, wallpapers, home screen app icons, widgets and notification sounds. The Company conducts business as one operating segment. There were no revenues from customers located outside of the United States in all periods presented.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Net long-lived assets and total assets held outside of the United States, which are located primarily in Norway, were as follows:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1250.4px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;United States&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Foreign&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="font-weight:
 bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Total&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Long-lived assets, net:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 788.8px; text-indent: 0px; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;July 31, 2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 112.8px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2,537&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 112.8px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;271&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 112px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2,808&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-indent: 0px; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;July 31, 2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;1,719&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;
 text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;247&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;1,966&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Total assets:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;
&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;July 31, 2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;8,910&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;3,621&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;12,531&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-indent: 0px; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;July 31, 2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;
 font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;8,576&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;3,857&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;12,433&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:SegmentReportingDisclosureTextBlock>
<us-gaap:ShortTermDebtTextBlock contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">&lt;div&gt;&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Note 13&amp;#8212;Revolving Credit Facility&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1.05pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal;"&gt;As of September 27, 2016, the Company entered into a loan and security agreement with Western Alliance Bank for a revolving credit facility of up to $2.5 million. Advances under this facility may not exceed the lesser of $2.5 million or 80% of the Company&amp;#8217;s eligible accounts receivable, subject to certain concentration limits. The revolving credit facility is secured by a lien on substantially all of the Company&amp;#8217;s assets. The outstanding principal amount bears interest per annum at the greater of 3.5% or the prime rate plus 1.25%. Interest is payable monthly and all outstanding principal and any accrued and unpaid interest is due on the maturity date of September 27, 2018. The Company is required to pay an annual facility fee of $12,500 to Western Alliance Bank. The Company is also required to comply with various affirmative and negative covenants and to maintain certain financial ratios during the term of the revolving credit facility. The covenants include a prohibition on the Company paying any dividend on its capital stock. The Company may terminate this agreement at any time without penalty or premium provided that it pays down any outstanding principal, accrued interest and bank expenses. At July 31, 2017, there were no amounts outstanding under the revolving credit facility and the Company was in compliance with all of the covenants.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1.05pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;As of November 16, 2016, the Company entered into a Foreign Exchange Agreement with Western Alliance Bank to allow the Company to enter into foreign exchange contracts not to exceed $5.0 million in the aggregate at any point in time under its revolving credit facility. The available borrowing under the revolving credit facility is reduced by an applicable foreign exchange reserve percentage as determined by Western Alliance Bank, in its reasonable discretion from time to time, which was initially set at 10% of the nominal amount of the foreign exchange contracts in effect at the relevant time. In December 2016, the applicable foreign exchange reserve percentage was changed so that the reduction of available borrowing for major currency forward contracts of less than six months tenor is set at 10% of the nominal amount of the foreign exchange contracts, and for contracts over six months tenor, 12.5% of the nominal amount of the foreign exchange contracts. At July 31, 2017, there were $2.0 million of outstanding foreign exchange contracts with less than six months tenor under the credit facility, and no contracts of greater than six months tenor, which reduced the available borrowing under the revolving credit facility by $200,000. The bank recently acquiesced to the transaction with Freeform despite certain contractual restrictions.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ShortTermDebtTextBlock>
<us-gaap:CompensationAndEmployeeBenefitPlansOtherThanShareBasedCompensationTextBlock contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">&lt;div&gt;&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Note 14&amp;#8212;Defined Contribution Plan&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;In September 2016, the Company adopted a 401(k) Plan, effective August 1, 2016, available to all employees meeting certain eligibility criteria. The Plan permits participants to elect pre-tax or after tax salary deferrals that will be contributed to the Plan, not to exceed the limits established by the Internal Revenue Code. The Plan provides for enhanced safe harbor employer matching contributions. All contributions made by participants and safe harbor matching contributions by the Company will be fully vested. The Company&amp;#8217;s Class A common stock and Class B common stock are not investment options for elective deferrals by the Plan&amp;#8217;s participants. However, matching contributions may be made in shares of the Company.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1.05pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;In fiscal 2017, the Company&amp;#8217;s cost for contributions to the Plan was $19,000. In fiscal 2017, the Company contributed 5,500 shares of the Company&amp;#8217;s Class B common stock to the Plan for matching contributions.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:CompensationAndEmployeeBenefitPlansOtherThanShareBasedCompensationTextBlock>
<us-gaap:SubsequentEventsTextBlock contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1.05pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Note 15&amp;#8212;Subsequent Event&amp;#8212;Freeform Development, Inc.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0pt 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0pt 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"&gt;In September 2017, the Company entered into an Agreement and Release with Freeform Development, Inc. (&amp;#8220;Freeform&amp;#8221;) and certain of its former employees, pursuant to which the Company obtained releases for the employees from their Freeform employment agreements in exchange for payments by us to satisfy certain of Freeform&amp;#8217;s liabilities. The Company paid Freeform $125,000 in cash to pay its operating liabilities (with any excess to be refunded to the Company), and the Company paid the holders of Freeform&amp;#8217;s convertible promissory notes cash of $97,567 and issued the noteholders a total of 126,679 shares of the Company&amp;#8217;s Class B common stock. In addition, the Company issued a total of 192,953 shares of the Company&amp;#8217;s Class B common stock to the employees and the employees entered into Employment Agreements with the Company. The aggregate consideration paid by the Company in connection with these matters was $833,000 consisting of cash of $223,000 and 319,632 shares of the Company&amp;#8217;s Class B common stock with a fair market value of $611,000 on the date of issue. The Company is in process of reviewing the accounting for the transaction that will be recorded in the first quarter of fiscal 2018.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:SubsequentEventsTextBlock>
<zdge:DescriptionOfBusinessPolicyTextBlock contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Description of Business&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Zedge, Inc. (the &amp;#8220;Company&amp;#8221;), a Delaware corporation, was incorporated in 2008.&amp;#160;&lt;font style="background-color: white;"&gt;The Company&amp;#8217;s content platform enables consumers to personalize their mobile devices with free, high-quality ringtones, wallpapers, home screen app icons, widgets and notification sounds.&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;The Company conducts business as a single operating segment.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The consolidated financial statements include all of the accounts of the Company and Zedge Europe AS, a Norwegian corporation and Zedge Canada, Inc. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0in; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The Company&amp;#8217;s fiscal year ends on July&amp;#160;31 of each calendar year. Each reference below to a fiscal year refers to the fiscal year ending in the calendar year indicated (e.g., fiscal 2017 refers to the fiscal year ended July&amp;#160;31, 2017).&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</zdge:DescriptionOfBusinessPolicyTextBlock>
<zdge:CompanysSpinOffPolicyTextBlock contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The Spin-Off&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The Company was formerly a majority-owned subsidiary of IDT Corporation (&amp;#8220;IDT&amp;#8221;). On June 1, 2016, IDT&amp;#8217;s interest in the Company was spun-off by IDT to IDT&amp;#8217;s stockholders and the Company became an independent public company through a pro rata distribution of the Company&amp;#8217;s common stock held by IDT to IDT&amp;#8217;s stockholders (the &amp;#8220;Spin-Off&amp;#8221;).&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</zdge:CompanysSpinOffPolicyTextBlock>
<us-gaap:BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">&lt;div&gt;&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Basis of Accounting&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The assets and liabilities in the accompanying financial statements are recorded at historical cost. Direct expenses historically incurred by IDT prior to the Spin-Off on behalf of the Company and zdgee Europe AS are reflected in these financial statements. The most significant expenses as covered under a Master Services Agreement with IDT were as follows: legal and professional fees, and salaries and employee benefits were allocated based on specific identification; certain facility costs, travel, and consulting fees, as well as salaries of personnel in the payroll, human resources, purchasing, accounts payable, treasury, network and telephone services and legal departments were allocated based on estimates of the incremental cost incurred by IDT; medical and dental benefits were allocated based on rates similar to COBRA health benefit provision rates charged to former IDT employees; stock-based compensation and retirement benefits under IDT&amp;#8217;s defined contribution plan were allocated based on specific identification; and insurance was allocated based on a combination of headcount and specific policy identification. Management believes that the assumptions and methods of allocation used were reasonable. However, the costs as allocated were not necessarily indicative of the costs that would have been incurred if the Company operated on a stand-alone basis. Therefore, the consolidated financial statements included herein may not necessarily be indicative of the financial position, results of operations, changes in stockholders&amp;#8217; equity and cash flows of the Company to be expected in the future or what they would have been had the Company been a separate stand-alone entity during the periods presented.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock>
<us-gaap:UseOfEstimates contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">&lt;div&gt;&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Use of Estimates&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (&amp;#8220;U.S. GAAP&amp;#8221;) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results may differ from those estimates.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:UseOfEstimates>
<us-gaap:RevenueRecognitionPolicyTextBlock contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Revenue Recognition&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The Company generates over 90% of its revenues from selling its advertising inventory to advertising networks, advertising exchanges, and direct arrangements with advertisers. Advertising networks and advertising exchanges are third party technology platforms that facilitate the buying and selling of media advertising inventory from multiple ad networks. The price of advertising inventory is fixed on an advertising network whereas the price for inventory is determined through bidding on an advertising exchange. The Company&amp;#8217;s direct arrangements with advertisers are primarily related to game publishers. The Company recognizes advertising revenue as advertisements are delivered to users through impressions, ad views or app installs (depending on the terms agreed upon with the advertiser), as long as evidence of the arrangement with the payer exists (generally through an executed contract), the price is fixed and determinable, and the Company has assessed collectability as reasonably assured.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;The remainder of the Company&amp;#8217;s revenue is primarily generated from our managing and optimizing the advertising inventory of a third-party mobile application publisher, as well as overseeing the billing, collections and reporting related to advertising for this publisher.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;The Company generally reports its revenue net of amounts due to agencies and brokers because the Company is not the primary obligor in the relevant arrangements, it does not finalize the pricing, and it does not establish or maintain a direct relationship with the advertiser. Certain advertising arrangements that are directly between the Company and advertisers are recognized gross equal to the price paid to the Company by the customer since the Company is the primary obligor and the Company determines the price. Any third party costs related to such direct relationships are recognized as direct cost of revenues.&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:RevenueRecognitionPolicyTextBlock>
<us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Concentration of Credit Risk and Significant Customers&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist principally of cash, cash equivalents and trade accounts receivable. The Company holds cash and cash equivalents at several major financial institutions, which may exceed FDIC insured limits. Historically, the Company has not experienced any losses due to such concentration of credit risk. The Company&amp;#8217;s temporary cash investments policy is to limit the dollar amount of investments with any one financial institution and monitor the credit ratings of those institutions. While the Company may be exposed to credit losses due to the nonperformance of the holders of its deposits, the Company does not expect the settlement of these transactions to have a material effect on its results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The Company routinely assesses the financial strength of its customers. As a result, the Company believes that its accounts receivable credit risk exposure is limited and has not experienced significant write-downs in its accounts receivable balances. In the year ended July 31, 2017, three customers represented 43%, 17%, and 10% of the Company's revenue and in the year ended July 31, 2016 three customers represented 45%, 20% and 13% of the Company's revenue. At July 31, 2017, two customers represented 47% and 12% of the Company&amp;#8217;s accounts receivable balance and at July 31, 2016, one customer represented 62% of the Company&amp;#8217;s accounts receivable balance. All of these significant customers were advertising exchanges operated by leading companies, and the receivables represent many smaller amounts due from advertisers.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk>
<us-gaap:CostOfSalesPolicyTextBlock contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">&lt;div&gt;&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Direct Cost of Revenues&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Direct cost of revenues for the Company consists of fees paid to third parties that provide the Company with internet hosting, content serving and filtering, and marketing automation services. Such costs are charged to expense as incurred.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:CostOfSalesPolicyTextBlock>
<zdge:LongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">&lt;div&gt;&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Long-Lived Assets&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Property and equipment is recorded at cost and depreciated on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful lives, which range as follows: capitalized software and technology development costs&amp;#8212;3 years; and other&amp;#8212;3, 5, 7, 10 or 20 years. Other is comprised of furniture and fixtures, office equipment, video conference equipment, computer hardware and computer software.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The Company tests the recoverability of its long-lived assets with finite useful lives whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. The Company tests for recoverability based on the projected undiscounted cash flows to be derived from such asset. If the projected undiscounted future cash flows are less than the carrying value of the asset, the Company will record an impairment loss, if any, based on the difference between the estimated fair value and the carrying value of the asset. The Company generally measures fair value by considering sale prices for similar assets or by discounting estimated future cash flows from such asset using an appropriate discount rate. Cash flow projections and fair value estimates require significant estimates and assumptions by management. Should the estimates and assumptions prove to be incorrect, the Company may be required to record impairments in future periods and such impairments could be material.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</zdge:LongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock>
<us-gaap:ResearchDevelopmentAndComputerSoftwarePolicyTextBlock contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">&lt;div&gt;&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Capitalized Software and Technology Development Costs&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The Company accounts for capitalized software and technology development costs in accordance with Accounting Standard Codification (&amp;#8220;ASC&amp;#8221;) 350-40. These costs consist of internal development costs on various projects that the Company invested in specific to the various platforms on which the Company operates its service that are capitalized during the application development stage. Capitalized software and technology development costs are included in property and equipment, net and are amortized over the estimated useful life of the software, generally three years. All ordinary maintenance costs are expensed as incurred.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ResearchDevelopmentAndComputerSoftwarePolicyTextBlock>
<us-gaap:GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsGoodwillPolicy contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">&lt;div&gt;&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Goodwill&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price and related costs over the value assigned to the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets of the business acquired. Under ASC 350,&amp;#160;&lt;i&gt;Intangibles-Goodwill and Other&lt;/i&gt;, goodwill is not amortized, but instead is tested for impairment annually, or if certain circumstances indicate a possible impairment may exist. The Company determined that it is a single reporting unit for its annual impairment test.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;In fiscal 2017, the Company adopted the Accounting Standards Update (&amp;#8220;ASU&amp;#8221;) that simplifies the subsequent measurement of goodwill by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. In computing the implied fair value of goodwill under Step 2, an entity had to perform procedures to determine the fair value at the impairment testing date of its assets and liabilities (including unrecognized assets and liabilities) following the procedure that would be required in determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. Instead, under the amendments in this ASU, the Company performs its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of its reporting unit with its carrying amount. The Company would recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit&amp;#8217;s fair value; however, the loss recognized would not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. Additionally, the Company considers income tax effects from any tax deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of its reporting unit when measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The Company&amp;#8217;s estimated fair value substantially exceeded its carrying value in Step 1 of the Company&amp;#8217;s annual impairment tests as of May 1st for the years ended July 31, 2017 and 2016. The Company concluded that no goodwill impairment existed in the years ended July 31, 2017 and 2016. The Company uses the market approach (guideline company method) for its Step 1 analysis.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsGoodwillPolicy>
<us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">&lt;div&gt;&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Cash and Cash Equivalents&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock>
<us-gaap:IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">&lt;div&gt;&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Income Taxes&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The accompanying financial statements include provisions for federal, state and foreign income taxes. Prior to the Spin-Off, the Company was included in consolidated federal income tax returns with IDT and IDT&amp;#8217;s other subsidiaries.&amp;#160;Income taxes in the accompanying consolidated financial statements were calculated on a separate tax return basis.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between the financial statements carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets depends on the generation of future taxable income during the period in which related temporary differences become deductible. The Company considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies in its assessment of a valuation allowance. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date of such change.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The Company uses a two-step approach for recognizing and measuring tax benefits taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The Company determines whether it is more-likely-than-not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. In evaluating whether a tax position has met the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, the Company presumes that the position will be examined by the appropriate taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured to determine the amount of tax benefit to recognize in the financial statements. The tax position is measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Differences between tax positions taken in a tax return and amounts recognized in the financial statements will generally result in one or more of the following: an increase in a liability for income taxes payable, a reduction of an income tax refund receivable, a reduction in a deferred tax asset, or an increase in a deferred tax liability.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The Company classifies interest and penalties on income taxes as a component of income tax expense.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock>
<us-gaap:CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">&lt;div&gt;&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Contingencies&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The Company accrues for loss contingencies when both (a)&amp;#160;information available prior to issuance of the financial statements indicates that it is probable that a liability had been incurred at the date of the financial statements and (b)&amp;#160;the amount of loss can reasonably be estimated. When the Company accrues for loss contingencies and the reasonable estimate of the loss is within a range, the Company records its best estimate within the range. When no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount, the Company accrues the minimum amount in the range. The Company discloses an estimated possible loss or a range of loss when it is at least reasonably possible that a loss may have been incurred.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock>
<us-gaap:EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Earnings Per Share&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to all classes of common stockholders of the Company by the weighted average number of shares of all classes of common stock outstanding during the applicable period. Diluted earnings per share is computed in the same manner as basic earnings per share, except that the number of shares is increased to include restricted stock still subject to risk of forfeiture and to assume exercise of potentially dilutive stock options using the treasury stock method, unless the effect of such increase is anti-dilutive.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The weighted-average number of shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to the Company&amp;#8217;s common stockholders consists of the following:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Year ended July 31,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;2017&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;2016&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1191px;"&gt;Basic weighted-average number of shares&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 142px; text-align: right;"&gt;9,467&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 141px; text-align: right;"&gt;8,346&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;Effect of dilutive securities:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt;"&gt;Stock options&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0pt 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;913&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;Non-vested restricted Class B common stock&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color:
 black;
 border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;20&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;Diluted weighted-average number of shares&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;9,467&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;9,279&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The following shares were excluded from the diluted earnings per share computation because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;Year ended July 31,&amp;#160;&lt;br /&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;2017&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;2016&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1191px; text-align: left;"&gt;Stock options&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 142px; text-align: right;"&gt;1,438&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 141px; text-align: right;"&gt;355&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;Non-vested restricted Class B common stock&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;53&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;Shares excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;1,491&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black;
 border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;355&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;For fiscal 2017, the diluted earnings per share equals basic earnings per share because the Company had a net loss and the impact of the assumed exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock would have been anti-dilutive. For fiscal 2016, outstanding stock options were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share because the exercise price of the stock options was greater than the average market price of the Company&amp;#8217;s stock during the period.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock>
<us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Stock-Based Compensation&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The Company recognizes&amp;#160;compensation expense for all of its grants of stock-based awards based on the estimated fair value on the grant date. Compensation cost for awards is recognized using the straight-line method over the vesting period. Stock-based compensation is included in selling, general and administrative expense.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;On August 1, 2017, the Company adopted the ASU intended to improve the accounting for employee share-based payments. The ASU simplifies several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. The adoption of the ASU did not have an impact on the Company&amp;#8217;s consolidated financial statements.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy>
<us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">&lt;div&gt;&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Fair Value Measurements&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Fair value of financial and non-financial assets and liabilities is defined as an exit price, which is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The three-tier hierarchy for inputs used to measure fair value, which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value, is as follows:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1551px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tr style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 140px; text-indent: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; vertical-align: top; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Level&amp;#160;1&amp;#160;&amp;#8211;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1411px; text-indent: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; vertical-align: top; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Level&amp;#160;2&amp;#160;&amp;#8211;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; text-indent: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; vertical-align: top; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Level&amp;#160;3&amp;#160;&amp;#8211;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; text-indent: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;unobservable inputs based on the Company&amp;#8217;s assumptions used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;A financial asset or liability&amp;#8217;s classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment, and may affect the valuation of the assets and liabilities being measured and their placement within the fair value hierarchy.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock>
<zdge:DerivativeInstrumentsForeignExchangeForwardContractsPolicyTextBlock contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Derivative Instruments &amp;#8211; Foreign Exchange Forward Contracts&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The Company&amp;#8217;s earnings and cash flows are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, primarily the&amp;#160;&lt;font style="background-color: white;"&gt;U.S. Dollar&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&amp;#8211; Norwegian Krone (&amp;#8220;NOK&amp;#8221;) exchange rate. The Company&amp;#8217;s risk management policy allows for the use of derivative financial instruments to prudently manage foreign currency exchange rate exposure. Foreign currency derivative activities are subject to the management, direction and control of the executive management. Foreign exchange forward contracts are recognized on the consolidated balance sheet at their fair value in &amp;#8220;Other current assets&amp;#8221; or &amp;#8220;Accrued expenses&amp;#8221;, and changes in fair value are recognized in &amp;#8220;Net gain (loss) resulting from foreign exchange transactions&amp;#8221; in the consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</zdge:DerivativeInstrumentsForeignExchangeForwardContractsPolicyTextBlock>
<us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Functional Currency&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The U.S. Dollar is the Company&amp;#8217;s functional currency. The functional currencies for the Company&amp;#8217;s subsidiaries that operate outside of the United States are NOK for Zedge Europe AS and the Canadian dollar for Zedge Canada, Inc., which are the currencies of the primary economic environments in which they primarily expend cash. The Company translates assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies to U.S. Dollars at the exchange rate in effect as of the financial statement date, and translates accounts from the statements of comprehensive (loss)&amp;#160;&lt;font style="background-color: white;"&gt;income using the weighted average exchange rate for the period. Gains or losses resulting from foreign currency translations are recorded in &amp;#8220;Accumulated other comprehensive loss&amp;#8221; in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses including gains and losses from currency exchange rate changes related to intercompany receivables and payables are reported in &amp;#8220;Net gain (loss) resulting from foreign exchange transactions&amp;#8221; in the accompanying&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock>
<us-gaap:ReceivablesTradeAndOtherAccountsReceivableAllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsPolicy contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">&lt;div&gt;&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Allowance for Doubtful Accounts&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The allowance for doubtful accounts reflects the Company&amp;#8217;s best estimate of probable losses inherent in the accounts receivable balance. The allowance is determined based on known troubled accounts, historical experience and other currently available evidence. Doubtful accounts are written-off upon final determination that the trade accounts will not be collected.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ReceivablesTradeAndOtherAccountsReceivableAllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsPolicy>
<us-gaap:NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;In August 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (&amp;#8220;FASB&amp;#8221;) issued an ASU intended to improve the financial reporting of hedging relationships to better portray the economic results of an entity&amp;#8217;s risk management activities in its financial statements. In addition, the ASU includes certain targeted improvements to simplify the application of hedge accounting guidance in U.S. GAAP. The amendments in this ASU are effective for the Company on August 1, 2019. Early application is permitted. Entities will apply the amendments to cash flow and net investment hedge relationships that exist on the date of adoption using a modified retrospective approach. The presentation and disclosure requirements will be applied prospectively. The Company is evaluating the impact that this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;In May 2017, the FASB issued an ASU to provide guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting. Pursuant to this ASU, an entity should account for the effects of a modification unless all the following are met: (1) the fair value (or calculated value or intrinsic value, if such an alternative measurement method is used) of the modified award is the same as the fair value (or calculated value or intrinsic value, if such an alternative measurement method is used) of the original award immediately before the original award is modified (if the modification does not affect any of the inputs to the valuation technique that the entity uses to value the award, the entity is not required to estimate the value immediately before and after the modification); (2) the vesting conditions of the modified award are the same as the vesting conditions of the original award immediately before the original award is modified; and (3) the classification of the modified award as an equity instrument or a liability instrument is the same as the classification of the original award immediately before the original award is modified. The Company will adopt the amendments in this ASU prospectively to an award modified on or after on August 1, 2018. The Company is evaluating the impact that the new standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;In January 2017, the FASB issued an ASU to clarify the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. Under the current guidance, there are three elements of a business&amp;#8212;inputs, processes, and outputs. While an integrated set of assets and activities (collectively referred to as a &amp;#8220;set&amp;#8221;) that is a business usually has outputs, outputs are not required to be present. In addition, all the inputs and processes that a seller uses in operating a set are not required if market participants can acquire the set and continue to produce outputs, for example, by integrating the acquired set with their own inputs and processes. The amendments in this ASU provide a screen to determine when a set is not a business. The screen requires that when substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired (or disposed of) is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets, the set is not a business. This screen reduces the number of transactions that need to be further evaluated. If the screen is not met, the amendments in this ASU (1) require that to be considered a business, a set must include, at a minimum, an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create output and (2) remove the evaluation of whether a market participant could replace missing elements. The amendments provide a framework to assist entities in evaluating whether both an input and a substantive process are present. The framework includes two sets of criteria to consider that depend on whether a set has outputs. Although outputs are not required for a set to be a business, outputs generally are a key element of a business; therefore, the FASB has developed more stringent criteria for sets without outputs. Lastly, the ASU narrows the definition of the
 term output. The Company will adopt the amendments in this ASU on August 1, 2018. The Company is evaluating the impact that the new standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;In June 2016, the FASB issued an ASU that changes the impairment model for most financial assets and certain other instruments. For receivables, loans and other instruments, entities will be required to use a new forward-looking &amp;#8220;expected loss&amp;#8221; model that generally will result in the earlier recognition of allowance for losses. For available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses, entities will measure credit losses in a manner similar to current practice, except the losses will be recognized as allowances instead of reductions in the amortized cost of the securities. In addition, an entity will have to disclose significantly more information about allowances, credit quality indicators and past due securities. The new provisions will be applied as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings. The Company will adopt the new standard on August 1, 2020. The Company is evaluating the impact that the new standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;In February 2016, the FASB issued an ASU related to the accounting for leases. The new standard establishes a right-of-use (&amp;#8220;ROU&amp;#8221;) model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. The Company will adopt the new standard on August 1, 2019. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. The Company is evaluating the impact that the new standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;In May 2014, the FASB and the International Accounting Standards Board jointly issued a comprehensive new revenue recognition standard that will supersede most of the current revenue recognition guidance under U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards (&amp;#8220;IFRS&amp;#8221;). The goals of the revenue recognition project were to clarify and converge the revenue recognition principles under U.S. GAAP and IFRS and to develop guidance that would streamline and enhance revenue recognition requirements. To accomplish this objective, the standard requires five basic steps: (i) identify the contract with the customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. Entities have the option of using either a full retrospective or modified retrospective approach for the adoption of the standard. The Company expects to adopt this standard on August 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach. The Company has identified its main revenue streams, which are advertising revenue, app installs and advertising ops outsourcing. In addition, the Company substantially completed reviewing contracts and other relevant documents for most of its customers that comprises its main revenue streams. Based on this preliminary analysis to date of the adoption of the standard, the Company has not identified a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements, although this is subject to change as the Company completes the process.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock>
<us-gaap:ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareDilutedByCommonClassTextBlock contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">&lt;table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Year ended July 31,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;2017&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;2016&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1191px;"&gt;Basic weighted-average number of shares&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 142px; text-align: right;"&gt;9,467&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 141px; text-align: right;"&gt;8,346&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;Effect of dilutive securities:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt;"&gt;Stock options&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0pt 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;913&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;Non-vested restricted Class B common stock&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;20&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;Diluted weighted-average number of shares&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;9,467&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;9,279&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareDilutedByCommonClassTextBlock>
<us-gaap:ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">&lt;table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;Year ended July 31,&amp;#160;&lt;br /&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;2017&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;2016&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1191px; text-align: left;"&gt;Stock options&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 142px; text-align: right;"&gt;1,438&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 141px; text-align: right;"&gt;355&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;Non-vested restricted Class B common stock&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;53&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;Shares excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;1,491&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;355&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock>
<us-gaap:ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">&lt;table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;July 31, 2017&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;Level 1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;Level 2&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;Level 3&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td&gt;Assets:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="width: 815px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;Foreign exchange forward contracts&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 142px; text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 142px; text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;137&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 141px; text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 141px; text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;137&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td&gt;Liabilities:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt;
 border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;Foreign exchange forward contracts&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;July 31, 2016&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;Level 1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;Level 2&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;Level 3&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td&gt;Assets:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="width: 815px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;Foreign exchange forward contracts&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 142px; text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 142px; text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;21&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; border-bottom-color: black;
 border-bottom-width:
 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 141px; text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 141px; text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;21&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td&gt;Liabilities:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;Foreign exchange forward contracts&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;15&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;15&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock>
<us-gaap:ScheduleOfNotionalAmountsOfOutstandingDerivativePositionsTableTextBlock contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">&lt;table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;Settlement Date&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; text-align: right; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;U.S. Dollar&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; text-align: right; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; text-align: right; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Amount&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; text-align: right; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;NOK&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; text-align: right; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; text-align: right; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Amount&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1191px;"&gt;August 2017&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 142px; text-align: right;"&gt;1,000,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 141px; text-align: right;"&gt;8,408,640&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td&gt;September 2017&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;1,000,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;8,404,640&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfNotionalAmountsOfOutstandingDerivativePositionsTableTextBlock>
<us-gaap:ScheduleOfDerivativeInstrumentsInStatementOfFinancialPositionFairValueTextBlock contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">&lt;table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;July 31,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;2017&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;2016&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;td&gt;Assets Derivatives:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Balance Sheet Location&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 20pt; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;Derivatives not designated or not qualifying as hedging instruments&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="width: 800px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;Foreign exchange forward contracts&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 377px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;Other current assets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 141px; text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;137&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 141px; text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;21&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 12pt; text-indent: -12pt; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Liabilities Derivatives:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 20pt; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;Derivatives not designated or not qualifying as hedging instruments&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black;
 border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;Foreign exchange forward contracts&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;Accrued expenses&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;15&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfDerivativeInstrumentsInStatementOfFinancialPositionFairValueTextBlock>
<us-gaap:ScheduleOfDerivativesInstrumentsStatementsOfFinancialPerformanceAndFinancialPositionLocationTableTextBlock contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">&lt;table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Year ended July 31,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; text-align: right; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; text-align: right; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2017&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;2016&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;Derivatives not designated or not qualifying as hedging instruments&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized on Derivatives&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="width: 643px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;Foreign exchange forward contracts&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding: 0px; width: 565px; text-indent: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0pt 0px;"&gt;Net gain (loss) resulting from foreign exchange transactions&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 126px; text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;105&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 125px; text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;(142&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfDerivativesInstrumentsStatementsOfFinancialPerformanceAndFinancialPositionLocationTableTextBlock>
<us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">&lt;table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;July 31,&lt;br /&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2007&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1191px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Capitalized software and technology development costs&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 142px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;6,419&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 141px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;5,001&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Other&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;297&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;230&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;
 font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;6,716&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;5,231&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Less accumulated depreciation and amortization&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(4,038&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(3,388&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Total&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2,678&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;1,843&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;
 font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock>
<us-gaap:ScheduleOfIntangibleAssetsAndGoodwillTableTextBlock contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">&lt;table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1379px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Balance at July 31, 2015&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 141px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2,438&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Foreign currency translation adjustments&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(77&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Balance at July 31, 2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2,361&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Foreign currency translation adjustments&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;157&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size:
 10pt;"&gt;Balance at July 31, 2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2,518&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfIntangibleAssetsAndGoodwillTableTextBlock>
<us-gaap:ScheduleOfAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">&lt;table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;July 31,&amp;#160;&lt;br /&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1191px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Accrued vacation&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 142px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;685&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 141px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;494&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Accrued payroll taxes&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;277&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;210&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Accrued payroll and bonuses&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px;
 padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;250&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;72&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Accrued direct cost of revenues&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;6&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;111&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Accrued advertising&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;184&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;242&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Accrued income taxes&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;36&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;119&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Accrued Professional fees&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px;
 padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;130&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;131&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Other&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;272&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;108&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Total accrued expenses&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;1,840&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;1,487&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock>
<zdge:ScheduleOfMezzanineEquityTableTextBlock contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">&lt;div&gt;&lt;table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="6"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Series B Convertible Preferred&amp;#160;Stock&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;(dollars in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Shares&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Amount&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1191px;"&gt;Balance at July 31, 2015&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 142px; text-align: right;"&gt;947&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left;"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 141px; text-align: right;"&gt;100&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;Reclassification of mezzanine equity&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;(947&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;(100&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;Balance at July 31, 2016&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</zdge:ScheduleOfMezzanineEquityTableTextBlock>
<us-gaap:ScheduleOfFutureMinimumRentalPaymentsForOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">&lt;table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Year ended July 31,&amp;#160;&lt;br /&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2018&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;b&gt;2019&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;b&gt;Thereafter&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Total&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="padding: 0px; width: 815px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Real estate leases&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding: 0px; width: 16px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding: 0px; width: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding: 0px; width: 142px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;202&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding: 0px; width: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding: 0px; width: 16px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding: 0px; width: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding: 0px; width: 142px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;102&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding: 0px; width: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding: 0px; width: 15px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding: 0px; width: 15px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding: 0px; width: 141px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding: 0px; width: 15px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding: 0px; width: 15px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding: 0px; width: 15px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding: 0px; width: 141px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;304&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding: 0px; width: 15px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;
 background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Software as a Service (&amp;#8220;SaaS&amp;#8221;) license&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;223&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;100&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;323&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Total contractual obligations&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;425&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color:
 black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;202&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;627&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfFutureMinimumRentalPaymentsForOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock>
<us-gaap:ScheduleOfIncomeBeforeIncomeTaxDomesticAndForeignTableTextBlock contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">&lt;table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Year ended July 31,&amp;#160;&lt;br /&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1191px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Domestic&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 142px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(717&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 141px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;604&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Foreign&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;90&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;522&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr
 style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 4pt; border-bottom-style: double;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(Loss) income before income taxes&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 4pt; border-bottom-style: double;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 4pt; border-bottom-style: double;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 4pt; border-bottom-style: double;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(627&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 4pt; border-bottom-style: double;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 4pt; border-bottom-style: double;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 4pt; border-bottom-style: double;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 4pt; border-bottom-style: double;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;1,126&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 4pt; border-bottom-style: double;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfIncomeBeforeIncomeTaxDomesticAndForeignTableTextBlock>
<us-gaap:ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">&lt;div&gt;&lt;table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Year ended July 31,&amp;#160;&lt;br /&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Current:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1179px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0.125in;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Foreign&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 142px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;12&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 141px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;169&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0.125in;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Federal&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;
 font-size:
 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0.125in; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;State&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Total current expense&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;12&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;169&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Deferred:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;
 font-size:
 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0.125in;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Foreign&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(28&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(26&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0.125in;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Federal&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0.125in; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;State&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px;
 padding-left: 0px;
 border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Total deferred expense&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(28&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(26&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(Benefit from) Provision for income taxes&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(16&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;143&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock>
<us-gaap:ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">&lt;div&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1250.4px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;
&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Year ended July 31,&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 950.4px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;U.S. federal income tax at statutory rate&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 112.8px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(213&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 112px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;383&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;State income tax&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(165&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size:
 10pt;"&gt;69&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Valuation allowance&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;717&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(276&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Foreign tax rate differential&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;16&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(34&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;
&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Meals&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;5&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;4&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Stock compensation and employment credits&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(381&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size:
 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;
&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Other&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;5&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(3&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(Benefit from) provision for income taxes&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(16&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;143&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock>
<us-gaap:ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">&lt;div&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1250.4px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;July 31,&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Deferred tax assets:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 950.4px; text-align: left; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Net operating loss carryforwards&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 112.8px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;951&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 112px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;305&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Reserves and accruals&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;377&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;
 text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;352&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Stock-based compensation&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;76&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;1&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Gross deferred tax assets&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;1,404&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;658&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"&gt;Less valuation allowance&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(1,232&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(515&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Total deferred tax
 assets&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;172&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;143&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Total deferred tax liabilities&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Deferred tax assets, net&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;172&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;143&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock>
<us-gaap:SummaryOfValuationAllowanceTextBlock contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">&lt;p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1250.4px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Year ended July 31&amp;#160;&lt;br /&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Balance at&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;beginning of&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;year&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Additions&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;charged to&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;costs and&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;expenses&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Deductions&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Balance at&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;end of year&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font
 style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Reserves deducted from deferred income taxes, net:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 626.4px; text-align: left; padding-left: 0.25in; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Valuation allowance&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 112.8px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;515&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 112.8px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;717&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 112px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 112px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;1,232&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td
 style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Reserves deducted from deferred income taxes, net:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0.25in; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Valuation allowance&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td
 style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2,305&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(1,790&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;515&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:SummaryOfValuationAllowanceTextBlock>
<us-gaap:ScheduleOfShareBasedPaymentAwardStockOptionsValuationAssumptionsTableTextBlock contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">&lt;div&gt;&lt;table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Year ended July 31,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Expected term&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;6.1 years&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;6.0 years&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1191px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Volatility&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 142px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;81&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 141px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;113&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Risk free interest rate&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px;
 padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;1.7&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;1.3&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Dividends&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Grant date fair value&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2.41&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;3.71&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfShareBasedPaymentAwardStockOptionsValuationAssumptionsTableTextBlock>
<us-gaap:ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">&lt;table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0pt 0px; text-align: right; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Number of Options&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0pt 0px; text-align: right; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Weighted-Average Exercise Price&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0pt 0px; text-align: right; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Aggregate&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0pt 0px; text-align: right; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Intrinsic Value&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0pt 0px; text-align: right; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="width: 815px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Outstanding at July 31, 2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 142px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;1,440&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 142px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size:
 10pt;"&gt;0.93&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 141px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 141px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Granted&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;279&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;3.80&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Exercised&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(281&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;0.39&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left:
 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Cancelled / forfeited&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Outstanding at July 31, 2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black;
 border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;1,438&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;1.59&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;8.22&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;1,212&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Exercisable at July 31, 2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;1,149&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;1.03&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px;
 padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;6.37&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;1,212&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock>
<us-gaap:ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsTableTextBlock contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">&lt;div&gt;&lt;table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Years ended July 31,&amp;#160;&lt;br /&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1191px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Balance at beginning of year&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 142px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;299&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 141px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;369&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Payments by IDT on behalf of the Company&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;937&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2,122&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Cash repayments, net of advances&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left;
 text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(1,200&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(2,192&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Balance at end of year&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;36&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;299&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsTableTextBlock>
<us-gaap:LongLivedAssetsByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">&lt;div&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1250.4px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;United States&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Foreign&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Total&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Long-lived assets, net:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 788.8px; text-indent: 0px; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;July 31, 2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 112.8px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2,537&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 112.8px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;271&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new
 roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 112px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2,808&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-indent: 0px; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;July 31, 2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;1,719&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;247&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;1,966&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Total assets:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"&gt;
&lt;td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;July 31, 2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times,
 serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;8,910&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;3,621&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;12,531&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-indent: 0px; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;July 31, 2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;8,576&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;3,857&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;12,433&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:LongLivedAssetsByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock>
<us-gaap:IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToCallOptionsAndWarrants contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="shares" decimals="-3">913000</us-gaap:IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToCallOptionsAndWarrants>
<us-gaap:IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToCallOptionsAndWarrants contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="shares" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="shares" decimals="-3">20000</us-gaap:IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends>
<us-gaap:IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="shares" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="shares" decimals="-3">355000</us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount>
<us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_EmployeeStockOptionMember" unitRef="shares" decimals="-3">355000</us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount>
<us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_NonVestedRestrictedClassBCommonStockMember" unitRef="shares" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="shares" decimals="-3">1491000</us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount>
<us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_EmployeeStockOptionMember" unitRef="shares" decimals="-3">1438000</us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount>
<us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_NonVestedRestrictedClassBCommonStockMember" unitRef="shares" decimals="-3">53000</us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount>
<us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1 contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_SalesRevenueNetMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_CustomerOneMember" unitRef="pure" decimals="2">0.45</us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1>
<us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1 contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_SalesRevenueNetMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_CustomerTwoMember" unitRef="pure" decimals="2">0.20</us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1>
<us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1 contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_AccountsReceivableMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_CustomerOneMember" unitRef="pure" decimals="2">0.62</us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1>
<us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1 contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_SalesRevenueNetMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_CustomerThreeMember" unitRef="pure" decimals="2">0.13</us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1>
<us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1 contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_SalesRevenueNetMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_CustomerOneMember" unitRef="pure" decimals="2">0.43</us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1>
<us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1 contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_SalesRevenueNetMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_CustomerTwoMember" unitRef="pure" decimals="2">0.17</us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1>
<us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1 contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_AccountsReceivableMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_CustomerOneMember" unitRef="pure" decimals="2">0.47</us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1>
<us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1 contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_SalesRevenueNetMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_CustomerThreeMember" unitRef="pure" decimals="2">0.10</us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1>
<us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1 contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_SalesRevenueNetMember" unitRef="pure" decimals="2">0.90</us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1>
<us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1 contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_AccountsReceivableMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_CustomerTwoMember" unitRef="pure" decimals="2">0.12</us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1>
<zdge:NumberOfCustomers contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_SalesRevenueNetMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_CustomerOneMember" unitRef="Customer" decimals="INF">3</zdge:NumberOfCustomers>
<zdge:NumberOfCustomers contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_SalesRevenueNetMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_CustomerTwoMember" unitRef="Customer" decimals="INF">3</zdge:NumberOfCustomers>
<zdge:NumberOfCustomers contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_AccountsReceivableMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_CustomerOneMember" unitRef="Customer" decimals="INF">1</zdge:NumberOfCustomers>
<zdge:NumberOfCustomers contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_SalesRevenueNetMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_CustomerThreeMember" unitRef="Customer" decimals="INF">3</zdge:NumberOfCustomers>
<zdge:NumberOfCustomers contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_SalesRevenueNetMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_CustomerOneMember" unitRef="Customer" decimals="INF">3</zdge:NumberOfCustomers>
<zdge:NumberOfCustomers contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_SalesRevenueNetMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_CustomerTwoMember" unitRef="Customer" decimals="INF">3</zdge:NumberOfCustomers>
<zdge:NumberOfCustomers contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_AccountsReceivableMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_CustomerOneMember" unitRef="Customer" decimals="INF">2</zdge:NumberOfCustomers>
<zdge:NumberOfCustomers contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_SalesRevenueNetMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_CustomerThreeMember" unitRef="Customer" decimals="INF">3</zdge:NumberOfCustomers>
<zdge:NumberOfCustomers contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_AccountsReceivableMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_CustomerTwoMember" unitRef="Customer" decimals="INF">2</zdge:NumberOfCustomers>
<us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_SoftwareAndSoftwareDevelopmentCostsMember">P3Y</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife>
<us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentEstimatedUsefulLives contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOtherTypesMember">3, 5, 7, 10 or 20 years</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentEstimatedUsefulLives>
<us-gaap:NumberOfReportableSegments contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="Segments" decimals="INF">1</us-gaap:NumberOfReportableSegments>
<us-gaap:OtherInformationPertainingToIncomeTaxes contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">The tax position is measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Differences between tax positions taken in a tax return and amounts recognized in the financial statements will generally result in one or more of the following: an increase in a liability for income taxes payable, a reduction of an income tax refund receivable, a reduction in a deferred tax asset, or an increase in a deferred tax liability.</us-gaap:OtherInformationPertainingToIncomeTaxes>
<us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyContractAssetFairValueDisclosure contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">21000</us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyContractAssetFairValueDisclosure>
<us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyContractAssetFairValueDisclosure contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis_FairValueInputsLevel1Member" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyContractAssetFairValueDisclosure contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis_FairValueInputsLevel2Member" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">21000</us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyContractAssetFairValueDisclosure>
<us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyContractAssetFairValueDisclosure contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis_FairValueInputsLevel3Member" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyContractAssetFairValueDisclosure contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">137000</us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyContractAssetFairValueDisclosure>
<us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyContractAssetFairValueDisclosure contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis_FairValueInputsLevel1Member" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyContractAssetFairValueDisclosure contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis_FairValueInputsLevel2Member" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">137000</us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyContractAssetFairValueDisclosure>
<us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyContractAssetFairValueDisclosure contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis_FairValueInputsLevel3Member" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyContractsLiabilityFairValueDisclosure contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">15000</us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyContractsLiabilityFairValueDisclosure>
<us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyContractsLiabilityFairValueDisclosure contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis_FairValueInputsLevel1Member" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyContractsLiabilityFairValueDisclosure contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis_FairValueInputsLevel2Member" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">15000</us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyContractsLiabilityFairValueDisclosure>
<us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyContractsLiabilityFairValueDisclosure contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis_FairValueInputsLevel3Member" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyContractsLiabilityFairValueDisclosure contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyContractsLiabilityFairValueDisclosure contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis_FairValueInputsLevel1Member" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyContractsLiabilityFairValueDisclosure contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis_FairValueInputsLevel2Member" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyContractsLiabilityFairValueDisclosure contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis_FairValueInputsLevel3Member" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:MaturityOfForeignCurrencyDerivatives1 contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis_AugustTwoZeroOneSevenMember">2017-08-31</us-gaap:MaturityOfForeignCurrencyDerivatives1>
<us-gaap:MaturityOfForeignCurrencyDerivatives1 contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis_SeptemberTwoZeroOneSevenMember">2017-09-30</us-gaap:MaturityOfForeignCurrencyDerivatives1>
<zdge:DerivativeUnderlyingAmount contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis_AugustTwoZeroOneSevenMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">1000000</zdge:DerivativeUnderlyingAmount>
<zdge:DerivativeUnderlyingAmount contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis_AugustTwoZeroOneSevenMember" unitRef="NOK" decimals="0">8408640</zdge:DerivativeUnderlyingAmount>
<zdge:DerivativeUnderlyingAmount contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis_SeptemberTwoZeroOneSevenMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">1000000</zdge:DerivativeUnderlyingAmount>
<zdge:DerivativeUnderlyingAmount contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis_SeptemberTwoZeroOneSevenMember" unitRef="NOK" decimals="0">8404640</zdge:DerivativeUnderlyingAmount>
<us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyDerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentsAssetAtFairValue contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">21000</us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyDerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentsAssetAtFairValue>
<us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyDerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentsAssetAtFairValue contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">137000</us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyDerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentsAssetAtFairValue>
<us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyDerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentsLiabilityAtFairValue contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">15000</us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyDerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentsLiabilityAtFairValue>
<us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyDerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentsLiabilityAtFairValue contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:GainLossOnForeignCurrencyDerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstruments contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">-142000</us-gaap:GainLossOnForeignCurrencyDerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstruments>
<us-gaap:GainLossOnForeignCurrencyDerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstruments contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">105000</us-gaap:GainLossOnForeignCurrencyDerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstruments>
<us-gaap:CapitalizedComputerSoftwareGross contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">5001000</us-gaap:CapitalizedComputerSoftwareGross>
<us-gaap:CapitalizedComputerSoftwareGross contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">6419000</us-gaap:CapitalizedComputerSoftwareGross>
<us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOther contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">230000</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOther>
<us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOther contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">297000</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOther>
<us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">5231000</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
<us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">6716000</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
<us-gaap:AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">3388000</us-gaap:AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment>
<us-gaap:AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">4038000</us-gaap:AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment>
<us-gaap:GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">-281000</us-gaap:GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets>
<us-gaap:GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">-36000</us-gaap:GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets>
<us-gaap:GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">77000</us-gaap:GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss>
<us-gaap:GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">-157000</us-gaap:GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss>
<us-gaap:AccruedVacationCurrent contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">494000</us-gaap:AccruedVacationCurrent>
<us-gaap:AccruedVacationCurrent contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">685000</us-gaap:AccruedVacationCurrent>
<us-gaap:AccruedPayrollTaxesCurrent contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">210000</us-gaap:AccruedPayrollTaxesCurrent>
<us-gaap:AccruedPayrollTaxesCurrent contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">277000</us-gaap:AccruedPayrollTaxesCurrent>
<us-gaap:AccruedBonusesCurrent contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">72000</us-gaap:AccruedBonusesCurrent>
<us-gaap:AccruedBonusesCurrent contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">250000</us-gaap:AccruedBonusesCurrent>
<zdge:AccruedDirectCostCurrent contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">111000</zdge:AccruedDirectCostCurrent>
<zdge:AccruedDirectCostCurrent contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">6000</zdge:AccruedDirectCostCurrent>
<us-gaap:AccruedAdvertisingCurrent contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">242000</us-gaap:AccruedAdvertisingCurrent>
<us-gaap:AccruedAdvertisingCurrent contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">184000</us-gaap:AccruedAdvertisingCurrent>
<us-gaap:AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">119000</us-gaap:AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent>
<us-gaap:AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">36000</us-gaap:AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent>
<us-gaap:AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">131000</us-gaap:AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent>
<us-gaap:AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">130000</us-gaap:AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent>
<us-gaap:OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">108000</us-gaap:OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent>
<us-gaap:OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">272000</us-gaap:OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent>
<zdge:MezzanineEquityPreferredStock contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2015T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_SeriesBPreferredStockMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">100000</zdge:MezzanineEquityPreferredStock>
<zdge:MezzanineEquityPreferredStock contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_SeriesBPreferredStockMember" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<zdge:MezzanineEquityPreferredStockSharesOutstanding contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2015T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_SeriesBPreferredStockMember" unitRef="shares" decimals="INF">947</zdge:MezzanineEquityPreferredStockSharesOutstanding>
<zdge:MezzanineEquityPreferredStockSharesOutstanding contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_SeriesBPreferredStockMember" unitRef="shares" xsi:nil="true"/>
<zdge:ReclassificationsOfMezzanineEquity contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_SeriesBPreferredStockMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">-100000</zdge:ReclassificationsOfMezzanineEquity>
<zdge:ReclassificationOfMezzanineEquityShares contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_SeriesBPreferredStockMember" unitRef="shares" decimals="INF">-947</zdge:ReclassificationOfMezzanineEquityShares>
<us-gaap:CommonStockVotingRights contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">The holders of Class A common stock are entitled to three votes per share and the holders of Class B common stock are entitled to one-tenth of a vote per share. Each share of Class A common stock may be converted into one share of Class B common stock, at any time, at the option of the holder.</us-gaap:CommonStockVotingRights>
<us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock contextRef="Context_Custom_01_May_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_May_2016T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="-6">3000000</us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock>
<zdge:SalesOfStockPercentageOfOwnershipSold contextRef="Context_Custom_01_May_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_May_2016T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="pure" decimals="2">0.10</zdge:SalesOfStockPercentageOfOwnershipSold>
<us-gaap:OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">425000</us-gaap:OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent>
<us-gaap:OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_CollateralAxis_RealEstateMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">202000</us-gaap:OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent>
<us-gaap:OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_CollateralAxis_SoftwareServiceSupportAndMaintenanceArrangementMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">223000</us-gaap:OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent>
<us-gaap:OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">202000</us-gaap:OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears>
<us-gaap:OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_CollateralAxis_RealEstateMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">102000</us-gaap:OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears>
<us-gaap:OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_CollateralAxis_SoftwareServiceSupportAndMaintenanceArrangementMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">100000</us-gaap:OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears>
<us-gaap:OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueThereafter contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueThereafter contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_CollateralAxis_RealEstateMember" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueThereafter contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_CollateralAxis_SoftwareServiceSupportAndMaintenanceArrangementMember" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">627000</us-gaap:OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue>
<us-gaap:OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_CollateralAxis_RealEstateMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">304000</us-gaap:OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue>
<us-gaap:OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_CollateralAxis_SoftwareServiceSupportAndMaintenanceArrangementMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">323000</us-gaap:OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue>
<us-gaap:OperatingLeasesRentExpenseNet contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">244000</us-gaap:OperatingLeasesRentExpenseNet>
<us-gaap:OperatingLeasesRentExpenseNet contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">289000</us-gaap:OperatingLeasesRentExpenseNet>
<us-gaap:LossContingencyAllegations contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">Saregama India, Limited filed a lawsuit against the Company before the Barasat District Court, seeking approximately $1.6 million as damages and an injunction for copyright infringement.</us-gaap:LossContingencyAllegations>
<us-gaap:LossContingencyDamagesSoughtValue contextRef="Context_Custom_20_Mar_2014T00_00_00_TO_31_Mar_2014T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-5">1600000</us-gaap:LossContingencyDamagesSoughtValue>
<us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesDomestic contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">604000</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesDomestic>
<us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesDomestic contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">-717000</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesDomestic>
<us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesForeign contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">522000</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesForeign>
<us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesForeign contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">90000</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesForeign>
<us-gaap:CurrentForeignTaxExpenseBenefit contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">169000</us-gaap:CurrentForeignTaxExpenseBenefit>
<us-gaap:CurrentForeignTaxExpenseBenefit contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">12000</us-gaap:CurrentForeignTaxExpenseBenefit>
<us-gaap:CurrentFederalTaxExpenseBenefit contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:CurrentFederalTaxExpenseBenefit contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:CurrentStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefit contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:CurrentStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefit contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">169000</us-gaap:CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
<us-gaap:CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">12000</us-gaap:CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
<us-gaap:DeferredForeignIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">-26000</us-gaap:DeferredForeignIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
<us-gaap:DeferredForeignIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">-28000</us-gaap:DeferredForeignIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
<us-gaap:DeferredFederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:DeferredFederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:DeferredStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:DeferredStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">-26000</us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
<us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">-28000</us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
<us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">383000</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate>
<us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">-213000</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate>
<us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">69000</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes>
<us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">-165000</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes>
<us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">-276000</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance>
<us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">717000</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance>
<us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">-34000</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential>
<us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">16000</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential>
<us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseMealsAndEntertainment contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">4000</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseMealsAndEntertainment>
<us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseMealsAndEntertainment contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">5000</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseMealsAndEntertainment>
<us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">-381000</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost>
<us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationOtherAdjustments contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">-3000</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationOtherAdjustments>
<us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationOtherAdjustments contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">5000</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationOtherAdjustments>
<us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">305000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards>
<us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">951000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards>
<us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccruals contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">352000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccruals>
<us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccruals contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">377000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccruals>
<us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsShareBasedCompensationCost contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">1000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsShareBasedCompensationCost>
<us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsShareBasedCompensationCost contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">76000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsShareBasedCompensationCost>
<us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsGross contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">658000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsGross>
<us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsGross contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">1404000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsGross>
<us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">515000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance>
<us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">1232000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance>
<us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">143000</us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet>
<us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">172000</us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet>
<us-gaap:DeferredTaxLiabilities contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:DeferredTaxLiabilities contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">143000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet>
<us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">172000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet>
<us-gaap:ValuationAllowancesAndReservesBalance contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2015T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">2305000</us-gaap:ValuationAllowancesAndReservesBalance>
<us-gaap:ValuationAllowancesAndReservesBalance contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">515000</us-gaap:ValuationAllowancesAndReservesBalance>
<us-gaap:ValuationAllowancesAndReservesBalance contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">1232000</us-gaap:ValuationAllowancesAndReservesBalance>
<us-gaap:ValuationAllowancesAndReservesChargedToCostAndExpense contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:ValuationAllowancesAndReservesChargedToCostAndExpense contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">717000</us-gaap:ValuationAllowancesAndReservesChargedToCostAndExpense>
<us-gaap:ValuationAllowancesAndReservesDeductions contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">1790000</us-gaap:ValuationAllowancesAndReservesDeductions>
<us-gaap:ValuationAllowancesAndReservesDeductions contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:UndistributedEarningsOfForeignSubsidiaries contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-5">1800000</us-gaap:UndistributedEarningsOfForeignSubsidiaries>
<us-gaap:UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsInterestOnIncomeTaxesAccrued contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsInterestOnIncomeTaxesAccrued contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:OperatingLossCarryforwards contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis_FederalOperatingLossCarryforwardMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="-5">2000000</us-gaap:OperatingLossCarryforwards>
<us-gaap:OperatingLossCarryforwards contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis_StateOperatingLossCarryforwardMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="-5">600000</us-gaap:OperatingLossCarryforwards>
<us-gaap:OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationDate contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">2036-07-31</us-gaap:OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationDate>
<us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1 contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00">P6Y</us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1>
<us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1 contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">P6Y1M6D</us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1>
<us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="pure" decimals="2">1.13</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate>
<us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="pure" decimals="2">0.81</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate>
<us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="pure" decimals="3">0.013</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate>
<us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="pure" decimals="3">0.017</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate>
<us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="pure" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="pure" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD_per_Share" decimals="2">3.71</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue>
<us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD_per_Share" decimals="2">2.41</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue>
<us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_AwardTypeAxis_EmployeeStockOptionMember" unitRef="shares" decimals="-3">1440000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber>
<us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_AwardTypeAxis_EmployeeStockOptionMember" unitRef="shares" decimals="-3">1438000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber>
<us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_AwardTypeAxis_EmployeeStockOptionMember" unitRef="shares" decimals="-3">279000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross>
<us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_AwardTypeAxis_EmployeeStockOptionMember" unitRef="shares" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_AwardTypeAxis_EmployeeStockOptionMember" unitRef="shares" decimals="-3">1149000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber>
<us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_AwardTypeAxis_EmployeeStockOptionMember" unitRef="USD_per_Share" decimals="2">0.93</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice>
<us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_AwardTypeAxis_EmployeeStockOptionMember" unitRef="USD_per_Share" decimals="2">1.59</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice>
<us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_AwardTypeAxis_EmployeeStockOptionMember" unitRef="USD_per_Share" decimals="2">3.80</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice>
<us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_AwardTypeAxis_EmployeeStockOptionMember" unitRef="USD_per_Share" decimals="2">0.39</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice>
<us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_AwardTypeAxis_EmployeeStockOptionMember" unitRef="USD_per_Share" xsi:nil="true"/>
<us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_AwardTypeAxis_EmployeeStockOptionMember" unitRef="USD_per_Share" decimals="2">1.03</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice>
<us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2 contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_AwardTypeAxis_EmployeeStockOptionMember">P8Y2M19D</us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2>
<us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1 contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_AwardTypeAxis_EmployeeStockOptionMember">P6Y4M13D</us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1>
<us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_AwardTypeAxis_EmployeeStockOptionMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">1212000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue>
<us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1 contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_AwardTypeAxis_EmployeeStockOptionMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">1212000</us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1>
<us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized contextRef="Context_As_Of_18_Jan_2017T00_00_00_TO_18_Jan_2017T00_00_00_PlanNameAxis_TwoThousandSixteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="shares" decimals="INF">691000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized>
<us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_PlanNameAxis_TwoThousandSixteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="shares" decimals="INF">487000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized>
<us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized contextRef="Context_Custom_01_Jan_2017T00_00_00_TO_18_Jan_2017T00_00_00_PlanNameAxis_TwoThousandSixteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="shares" decimals="INF">500000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized>
<us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized contextRef="Context_Custom_01_Oct_2017T00_00_00_TO_18_Oct_2017T00_00_00_PlanNameAxis_TwoThousandSixteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_SubsequentEventMember" unitRef="shares" decimals="INF">350000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized>
<zdge:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationNumberOfYears contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_AwardTypeAxis_EmployeeStockOptionMember">P10Y</zdge:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationNumberOfYears>
<us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationDate contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_AwardTypeAxis_EmployeeStockOptionMember">2026-05-31</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationDate>
<zdge:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumberExtendedExpiration contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_AwardTypeAxis_EmployeeStockOptionMember" unitRef="shares" decimals="-5">900000</zdge:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumberExtendedExpiration>
<us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPlanModificationIncrementalCompensationCost contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_AwardTypeAxis_EmployeeStockOptionMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">123000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPlanModificationIncrementalCompensationCost>
<us-gaap:SharesIssued contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="shares" decimals="INF">280700</us-gaap:SharesIssued>
<us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_AwardTypeAxis_EmployeeStockOptionMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="-5">100000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue>
<us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_AwardTypeAxis_EmployeeStockOptionMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="-5">800000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue>
<us-gaap:EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedStockOptions contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_AwardTypeAxis_EmployeeStockOptionMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">590000</us-gaap:EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedStockOptions>
<zdge:EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonVestedStockOptionsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognitionOne contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_AwardTypeAxis_EmployeeStockOptionMember">P1Y3M19D</zdge:EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonVestedStockOptionsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognitionOne>
<us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDescription contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_AwardTypeAxis_EmployeeStockOptionMember">Prior to the Spin-Off, historical grants generally vested ratably over a three to four-year period. Subsequent to the Spin-Off, grants generally vest over a three-year period.</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDescription>
<us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="shares" decimals="INF">17349</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross>
<us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_AwardTypeAxis_RestrictedStockMember_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="shares" decimals="INF">111842</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross>
<zdge:StockIssuedDuringPeriodDeferredStockUnits contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_AwardTypeAxis_RestrictedStockMember_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="shares" decimals="INF">7767</zdge:StockIssuedDuringPeriodDeferredStockUnits>
<zdge:CollectionOfReceivableFromStockholderForStockOptionExercise contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_AwardTypeAxis_EmployeeStockOptionMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">56840</zdge:CollectionOfReceivableFromStockholderForStockOptionExercise>
<us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD_per_Share" decimals="2">3.13</us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue>
<us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="shares" decimals="0">53</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber>
<us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="shares" decimals="INF">3885</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber>
<us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="shares" decimals="0">359</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber>
<us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_AwardTypeAxis_RestrictedStockMember" unitRef="shares" decimals="INF">49474</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber>
<us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionSellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesFromTransactionsWithRelatedParty contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">2122000</us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionSellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesFromTransactionsWithRelatedParty>
<us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionSellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesFromTransactionsWithRelatedParty contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">937000</us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionSellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesFromTransactionsWithRelatedParty>
<us-gaap:RepaymentsOfRelatedPartyDebt contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">2192000</us-gaap:RepaymentsOfRelatedPartyDebt>
<us-gaap:RepaymentsOfRelatedPartyDebt contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">1200000</us-gaap:RepaymentsOfRelatedPartyDebt>
<zdge:RelatedPartyTransactionAggregatePaymentMadeToRelatedParty contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2015T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis_AppboyIncMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">141000</zdge:RelatedPartyTransactionAggregatePaymentMadeToRelatedParty>
<zdge:RelatedPartyTransactionAggregatePaymentMadeToRelatedParty contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis_AppboyIncMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">137000</zdge:RelatedPartyTransactionAggregatePaymentMadeToRelatedParty>
<us-gaap:NoncurrentAssets contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">1966000</us-gaap:NoncurrentAssets>
<us-gaap:NoncurrentAssets contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementGeographicalAxis_ForeignMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">247000</us-gaap:NoncurrentAssets>
<us-gaap:NoncurrentAssets contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2016T00_00_00_StatementGeographicalAxis_US" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">1719000</us-gaap:NoncurrentAssets>
<us-gaap:NoncurrentAssets contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">2808000</us-gaap:NoncurrentAssets>
<us-gaap:NoncurrentAssets contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementGeographicalAxis_ForeignMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">271000</us-gaap:NoncurrentAssets>
<us-gaap:NoncurrentAssets contextRef="Context_As_Of_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_StatementGeographicalAxis_US" unitRef="USD" decimals="-3">2537000</us-gaap:NoncurrentAssets>
<us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity contextRef="Context_As_Of_27_Sep_2016T00_00_00_TO_27_Sep_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="-5">2500000</us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity>
<us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity contextRef="Context_As_Of_16_Nov_2016T00_00_00_TO_16_Nov_2016T00_00_00_CreditFacilityAxis_ForeignExchangeContractMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="-5">5000000</us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity>
<us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityBorrowingCapacityDescription contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">Advances under this facility may not exceed the lesser of $2.5 million or 80% of the Company's eligible accounts receivable, subject to certain concentration limits.</us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityBorrowingCapacityDescription>
<us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityBorrowingCapacityDescription contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_CreditFacilityAxis_ForeignExchangeContractMember">The revolving credit facility is reduced by an applicable foreign exchange reserve percentage as determined by Western Alliance Bank, in its reasonable discretion from time to time, which was initially set at 10% of the nominal amount of the foreign exchange contracts in effect at the relevant time.</us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityBorrowingCapacityDescription>
<us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateDescription contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00">The outstanding principal amount bears interest per annum at the greater of 3.5% or the prime rate plus 1.25%.</us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateDescription>
<us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityExpirationDate1 contextRef="Context_Custom_01_Sep_2016T00_00_00_TO_27_Sep_2016T00_00_00">2018-09-27</us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityExpirationDate1>
<us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityCollateralFeesAmount contextRef="Context_Custom_01_Sep_2016T00_00_00_TO_27_Sep_2016T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">12500</us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityCollateralFeesAmount>
<us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionsDescription contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_CreditFacilityAxis_ForeignExchangeContractMember">In December 2016, the applicable foreign exchange reserve percentage was changed so that the reduction of available borrowing for major currency forward contracts of less than six months tenor is set at 10% of the nominal amount of the foreign exchange contracts, and for contracts over six months tenor, 12.5% of the nominal amount of the foreign exchange contracts.</us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionsDescription>
<zdge:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacityDerivativeUnderlyingAmountAggregateForeignExchangeContracts contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_CreditFacilityAxis_ForeignExchangeContractMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">2000000</zdge:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacityDerivativeUnderlyingAmountAggregateForeignExchangeContracts>
<zdge:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacityReductionAmountForForeignExchangeContracts contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00_CreditFacilityAxis_ForeignExchangeContractMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">200000</zdge:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacityReductionAmountForForeignExchangeContracts>
<us-gaap:DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized contextRef="Context_FYE_01_Aug_2016T00_00_00_TO_31_Jul_2017T00_00_00" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">19000</us-gaap:DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized>
<zdge:BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaidForOperatingLiabilities contextRef="Context_Custom_01_Sep_2017T00_00_00_TO_30_Sep_2017T00_00_00_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_SubsequentEventMember_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_FreeformDevelopmentIncMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">125000</zdge:BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaidForOperatingLiabilities>
<zdge:BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaidForConvertibleNotes contextRef="Context_Custom_01_Sep_2017T00_00_00_TO_30_Sep_2017T00_00_00_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_SubsequentEventMember_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_FreeformDevelopmentIncMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="INF">97567</zdge:BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaidForConvertibleNotes>
<zdge:BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaid contextRef="Context_Custom_01_Sep_2017T00_00_00_TO_30_Sep_2017T00_00_00_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_SubsequentEventMember_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_FreeformDevelopmentIncMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">223000</zdge:BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaid>
<zdge:BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredOtherFairValue contextRef="Context_Custom_01_Sep_2017T00_00_00_TO_30_Sep_2017T00_00_00_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_SubsequentEventMember_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">611000</zdge:BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredOtherFairValue>
<us-gaap:BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1 contextRef="Context_Custom_01_Sep_2017T00_00_00_TO_30_Sep_2017T00_00_00_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_SubsequentEventMember_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_FreeformDevelopmentIncMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">833000</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1>
<zdge:BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredShares contextRef="Context_Custom_01_Sep_2017T00_00_00_TO_30_Sep_2017T00_00_00_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_SubsequentEventMember_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember_TitleOfIndividualAxis_EmployeesMember" unitRef="shares" decimals="INF">192953</zdge:BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredShares>
<zdge:BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredShares contextRef="Context_Custom_01_Sep_2017T00_00_00_TO_30_Sep_2017T00_00_00_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_SubsequentEventMember_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="shares" decimals="INF">319632</zdge:BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredShares>
<zdge:BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntitySharesIssuedForConvertibleNotes contextRef="Context_Custom_01_Sep_2017T00_00_00_TO_30_Sep_2017T00_00_00_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_SubsequentEventMember_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_FreeformDevelopmentIncMember_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="shares" decimals="INF">126679</zdge:BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntitySharesIssuedForConvertibleNotes>

<!-- Footnote Section -->
<link:footnoteLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/link">
</link:footnoteLink>
</xbrli:xbrl>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.SCH
<SEQUENCE>10
<FILENAME>zdge-20170731.xsd
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL SCHEMA FILE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<schema targetNamespace="http://www.zdgee.com/20170731" elementFormDefault="qualified"
xmlns:zdge="http://www.zdgee.com/20170731"
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
 xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase"
 xmlns:xbrldt="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt"
 xmlns:xl="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/XLink"
 xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance"
 xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
 xmlns:negated="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negated"
 xmlns:us-gaap="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2017-01-31"
 xmlns:us-gaap-att="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/attributes"
 xmlns:country="http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2017-01-31"
 xmlns:currency="http://xbrl.sec.gov/currency/2017-01-31"
 xmlns:dei="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014-01-31"
 xmlns:exch="http://xbrl.sec.gov/exch/2017-01-31"
 xmlns:invest="http://xbrl.sec.gov/invest/2013-01-31"
 xmlns:naics="http://xbrl.sec.gov/naics/2017-01-31"
 xmlns:sic="http://xbrl.sec.gov/sic/2011-01-31"
 xmlns:us-types="http://fasb.org/us-types/2017-01-31"
 xmlns:stpr="http://xbrl.sec.gov/stpr/2011-01-31"
 xmlns:ref="http://www.xbrl.org/2006/ref"
 xmlns:deprecated="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/arcrole/fact-explanatoryFact"
 xmlns:nonnum="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/non-numeric"
 xmlns:num="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/numeric"
>
<annotation><appinfo>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/DocumentAndEntityInformation" id="DocumentAndEntityInformation">
<link:definition>001 - Document - Document and Entity Information</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/ConsolidatedBalanceSheets" id="ConsolidatedBalanceSheets">
<link:definition>002 - Statement - Consolidated Balance Sheets</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/ConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParenthetical" id="ConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParenthetical">
<link:definition>003 - Statement - Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical)</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/ConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveLossIncome" id="ConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveLossIncome">
<link:definition>004 - Statement - Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/ConsolidatedStatementsOfStockholdersEquity" id="ConsolidatedStatementsOfStockholdersEquity">
<link:definition>005 - Statement - Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/ConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows" id="ConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows">
<link:definition>006 - Statement - Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/DescriptionOfBusinessAndSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPolicies" id="DescriptionOfBusinessAndSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPolicies">
<link:definition>007 - Disclosure - Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/FairValueMeasurements" id="FairValueMeasurements">
<link:definition>008 - Disclosure - Fair Value Measurements</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/DerivativeInstruments" id="DerivativeInstruments">
<link:definition>009 - Disclosure - Derivative Instruments</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/PropertyAndEquipment" id="PropertyAndEquipment">
<link:definition>010 - Disclosure - Property and Equipment</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/Goodwill" id="Goodwill">
<link:definition>011 - Disclosure - Goodwill</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/AccruedExpenses" id="AccruedExpenses">
<link:definition>012 - Disclosure - Accrued Expenses</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/Equity" id="Equity">
<link:definition>013 - Disclosure - Equity</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/CommitmentsAndContingencies" id="CommitmentsAndContingencies">
<link:definition>014 - Disclosure - Commitments and Contingencies</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/IncomeTaxes" id="IncomeTaxes">
<link:definition>015 - Disclosure - Income Taxes</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/StockBasedCompensation" id="StockBasedCompensation">
<link:definition>016 - Disclosure - Stock-Based Compensation</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/RelatedPartyTransactions" id="RelatedPartyTransactions">
<link:definition>017 - Disclosure - Related Party Transactions</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/BusinessSegmentAndGeographicInformation" id="BusinessSegmentAndGeographicInformation">
<link:definition>018 - Disclosure - Business Segment and Geographic Information</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/Revolvingcreditfacility" id="Revolvingcreditfacility">
<link:definition>019 - Disclosure - Revolving Credit Facility</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/DefinedContributionPlan" id="DefinedContributionPlan">
<link:definition>020 - Disclosure - Defined Contribution Plan</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/SubsequentEventFreeformDevelopmentInc" id="SubsequentEventFreeformDevelopmentInc">
<link:definition>021 - Disclosure - Subsequent Event-Freeform Development, Inc.</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/DescriptionofBusinessandSummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies" id="DescriptionofBusinessandSummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies">
<link:definition>022 - Disclosure - Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/DescriptionofBusinessandSummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesTables" id="DescriptionofBusinessandSummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesTables">
<link:definition>023 - Disclosure - Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/FairValueMeasurementsTables" id="FairValueMeasurementsTables">
<link:definition>024 - Disclosure - Fair Value Measurements (Tables)</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/DerivativeInstrumentsTables" id="DerivativeInstrumentsTables">
<link:definition>025 - Disclosure - Derivative Instruments (Tables)</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/PropertyandEquipmentTables" id="PropertyandEquipmentTables">
<link:definition>026 - Disclosure - Property and Equipment (Tables)</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/GoodwillTables" id="GoodwillTables">
<link:definition>027 - Disclosure - Goodwill (Tables)</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/Accruedexpensestables" id="Accruedexpensestables">
<link:definition>028 - Disclosure - Accrued Expenses (Tables)</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/EquityTables" id="EquityTables">
<link:definition>029 - Disclosure - Equity (Tables)</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/CommitmentsandContingenciesTables" id="CommitmentsandContingenciesTables">
<link:definition>030 - Disclosure - Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/IncomeTaxesTables" id="IncomeTaxesTables">
<link:definition>031 - Disclosure - Income Taxes (Tables)</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/StockBasedCompensationTables" id="StockBasedCompensationTables">
<link:definition>032 - Disclosure - Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/RelatedPartyTransactionsTables" id="RelatedPartyTransactionsTables">
<link:definition>033 - Disclosure - Related Party Transactions (Tables)</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/BusinessSegmentAndGeographicInformationTables" id="BusinessSegmentAndGeographicInformationTables">
<link:definition>034 - Disclosure - Business Segment and Geographic Information (Tables)</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/DescriptionofBusinessandSummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesDetails" id="DescriptionofBusinessandSummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesDetails">
<link:definition>035 - Disclosure - Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details)</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/DescriptionofBusinessandSummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesDetails1" id="DescriptionofBusinessandSummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesDetails1">
<link:definition>036 - Disclosure - Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details 1)</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/DescriptionOfBusinessAndSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesDetailsTextual" id="DescriptionOfBusinessAndSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesDetailsTextual">
<link:definition>037 - Disclosure - Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details Textual)</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/FairValueMeasurementsDetails" id="FairValueMeasurementsDetails">
<link:definition>038 - Disclosure - Fair Value Measurements (Details)</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/DerivativeInstrumentsDetails" id="DerivativeInstrumentsDetails">
<link:definition>039 - Disclosure - Derivative Instruments (Details)</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/DerivativeInstrumentsDetails1" id="DerivativeInstrumentsDetails1">
<link:definition>040 - Disclosure - Derivative Instruments (Details 1)</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/DerivativeInstrumentsDetails2" id="DerivativeInstrumentsDetails2">
<link:definition>041 - Disclosure - Derivative Instruments (Details 2)</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/PropertyandEquipmentDetails" id="PropertyandEquipmentDetails">
<link:definition>042 - Disclosure - Property and Equipment (Details)</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/PropertyAndEquipmentDetailsTextual" id="PropertyAndEquipmentDetailsTextual">
<link:definition>043 - Disclosure - Property and Equipment (Details Textual)</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/GoodwillDetails" id="GoodwillDetails">
<link:definition>044 - Disclosure - Goodwill (Details)</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/AccruedExpensesDetails" id="AccruedExpensesDetails">
<link:definition>045 - Disclosure - Accrued Expenses (Details)</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/EquityDetails" id="EquityDetails">
<link:definition>046 - Disclosure - Equity (Details)</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/EquityDetailsTextual" id="EquityDetailsTextual">
<link:definition>047 - Disclosure - Equity (Details Textual)</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/CommitmentsandContingenciesDetails" id="CommitmentsandContingenciesDetails">
<link:definition>048 - Disclosure - Commitments and Contingencies (Details)</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/CommitmentsAndContingenciesDetailsTextual" id="CommitmentsAndContingenciesDetailsTextual">
<link:definition>049 - Disclosure - Commitments and Contingencies (Details Textual)</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/IncomeTaxesDetails" id="IncomeTaxesDetails">
<link:definition>050 - Disclosure - Income Taxes (Details)</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/IncomeTaxesDetails1" id="IncomeTaxesDetails1">
<link:definition>051 - Disclosure - Income Taxes (Details 1)</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/IncomeTaxesDetails2" id="IncomeTaxesDetails2">
<link:definition>052 - Disclosure - Income Taxes (Details 2)</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/IncomeTaxesDetails3" id="IncomeTaxesDetails3">
<link:definition>053 - Disclosure - Income Taxes (Details 3)</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/IncomeTaxesDetails4" id="IncomeTaxesDetails4">
<link:definition>054 - Disclosure - Income Taxes (Details 4)</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/IncomeTaxesDetailsTextual" id="IncomeTaxesDetailsTextual">
<link:definition>055 - Disclosure - Income Taxes (Details Textual)</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/StockBasedCompensationDetails" id="StockBasedCompensationDetails">
<link:definition>056 - Disclosure - Stock-Based Compensation (Details)</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/StockBasedCompensationDetails1" id="StockBasedCompensationDetails1">
<link:definition>057 - Disclosure - Stock-Based Compensation (Details 1)</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/StockBasedCompensationDetailsTextual" id="StockBasedCompensationDetailsTextual">
<link:definition>058 - Disclosure - Stock-Based Compensation (Details Textual)</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/RelatedPartyTransactionsDetails" id="RelatedPartyTransactionsDetails">
<link:definition>059 - Disclosure - Related Party Transactions (Details)</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/RelatedPartyTransactionsDetailsTextual" id="RelatedPartyTransactionsDetailsTextual">
<link:definition>060 - Disclosure - Related Party Transactions (Details Textual)</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/BusinessSegmentAndGeographicInformationDetails" id="BusinessSegmentAndGeographicInformationDetails">
<link:definition>061 - Disclosure - Business Segment and Geographic Information (Details)</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/Revolvingcreditfacilitydetails" id="Revolvingcreditfacilitydetails">
<link:definition>062 - Disclosure - Revolving Credit Facility (Details)</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/DefinedContributionPlanDetails" id="DefinedContributionPlanDetails">
<link:definition>063 - Disclosure - Defined Contribution Plan (Details)</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/SubsequentEventFreeformDevelopmentIncDetails" id="SubsequentEventFreeformDevelopmentIncDetails">
<link:definition>064 - Disclosure - Subsequent Event-Freeform Development, Inc. (Details)</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:linkbaseRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731_pre.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationLinkbaseRef" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase"/>
<link:linkbaseRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731_def.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/definitionLinkbaseRef" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase"/>
<link:linkbaseRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731_lab.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/labelLinkbaseRef" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase"/>
<link:linkbaseRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731_cal.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/calculationLinkbaseRef" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase"/>
</appinfo></annotation>
<import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-instance-2003-12-31.xsd"/>
<import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd"/>
<import namespace="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd"/>
<import namespace="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2017-01-31" schemaLocation="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd"/>
<import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/invest/2013-01-31" schemaLocation="http://xbrl.sec.gov/invest/2013/invest-2013-01-31.xsd"/>
<import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2017-01-31" schemaLocation="http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2017/country-2017-01-31.xsd"/>
<import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/currency/2017-01-31" schemaLocation="http://xbrl.sec.gov/currency/2017/currency-2017-01-31.xsd"/>
<import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/exch/2017-01-31" schemaLocation="http://xbrl.sec.gov/exch/2017/exch-2017-01-31.xsd"/>
<import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/naics/2017-01-31" schemaLocation="http://xbrl.sec.gov/naics/2017/naics-2017-01-31.xsd"/>
<import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/sic/2011-01-31" schemaLocation="http://xbrl.sec.gov/sic/2011/sic-2011-01-31.xsd"/>
<import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/stpr/2011-01-31" schemaLocation="http://xbrl.sec.gov/stpr/2011/stpr-2011-01-31.xsd"/>
<import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negated" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd"/>
<import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/net" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/net-2009-12-16.xsd"/>
<import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/arcrole/fact-explanatoryFact" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/arcrole/factExplanatory-2009-12-16.xsd"/>
<import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014-01-31" schemaLocation="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd"/>
<import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/numeric" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/numeric-2009-12-16.xsd"/>
<import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/non-numeric" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/nonNumeric-2009-12-16.xsd"/>
<import namespace="http://fasb.org/us-types/2017-01-31" schemaLocation="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-types-2017-01-31.xsd"/>
<element name="DocumentAndEntityInformationAbstract" id="zdge_DocumentAndEntityInformationAbstract" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="ReclassificationOfMezzanineEquity" id="zdge_ReclassificationOfMezzanineEquity" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="ReceivableForExerciseOfStockOptions" id="zdge_ReceivableForExerciseOfStockOptions" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="RevolvingCreditFacilityAbstract" id="zdge_RevolvingCreditFacilityAbstract" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="DescriptionOfBusinessPolicyTextBlock" id="zdge_DescriptionOfBusinessPolicyTextBlock" type="nonnum:textBlockItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="CompanysSpinOffPolicyTextBlock" id="zdge_CompanysSpinOffPolicyTextBlock" type="nonnum:textBlockItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="LongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock" id="zdge_LongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock" type="nonnum:textBlockItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="DerivativeInstrumentsForeignExchangeForwardContractsPolicyTextBlock" id="zdge_DerivativeInstrumentsForeignExchangeForwardContractsPolicyTextBlock" type="nonnum:textBlockItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="ScheduleOfMezzanineEquityTableTextBlock" id="zdge_ScheduleOfMezzanineEquityTableTextBlock" type="nonnum:textBlockItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="NonVestedRestrictedClassBCommonStockMember" id="zdge_NonVestedRestrictedClassBCommonStockMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="DescriptionOfBusinessAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesTable" id="zdge_DescriptionOfBusinessAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" />
<element name="CustomerOneMember" id="zdge_CustomerOneMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="CustomerTwoMember" id="zdge_CustomerTwoMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="CustomerThreeMember" id="zdge_CustomerThreeMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="DescriptionOfBusinessAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesLineItems" id="zdge_DescriptionOfBusinessAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesLineItems" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="BasisOfPresentationTextualAbstract" id="zdge_BasisOfPresentationTextualAbstract" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="NumberOfCustomers" id="zdge_NumberOfCustomers" type="xbrli:integerItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="AugustTwoZeroOneSevenMember" id="zdge_AugustTwoZeroOneSevenMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="SeptemberTwoZeroOneSevenMember" id="zdge_SeptemberTwoZeroOneSevenMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="DerivativeUnderlyingAmount" id="zdge_DerivativeUnderlyingAmount" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="PropertyAndEquipmentTextualAbstract" id="zdge_PropertyAndEquipmentTextualAbstract" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="AccruedDirectCostCurrent" id="zdge_AccruedDirectCostCurrent" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="MezzanineEquityAbstract" id="zdge_MezzanineEquityAbstract" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="MezzanineEquityPreferredStock" id="zdge_MezzanineEquityPreferredStock" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="MezzanineEquityPreferredStockSharesOutstanding" id="zdge_MezzanineEquityPreferredStockSharesOutstanding" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="ReclassificationsOfMezzanineEquity" id="zdge_ReclassificationsOfMezzanineEquity" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="ReclassificationOfMezzanineEquityShares" id="zdge_ReclassificationOfMezzanineEquityShares" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="EquityTextualAbstract" id="zdge_EquityTextualAbstract" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="SalesOfStockPercentageOfOwnershipSold" id="zdge_SalesOfStockPercentageOfOwnershipSold" type="num:percentItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="CommitmentsAndContingenciesTable" id="zdge_CommitmentsAndContingenciesTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" />
<element name="CommitmentsAndContingenciesLineItems" id="zdge_CommitmentsAndContingenciesLineItems" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="CommitmentsAndContingenciesTextualAbstract" id="zdge_CommitmentsAndContingenciesTextualAbstract" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="NorwaySkattefunnMember" id="zdge_NorwaySkattefunnMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="FederalOperatingLossCarryforwardMember" id="zdge_FederalOperatingLossCarryforwardMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="StateOperatingLossCarryforwardMember" id="zdge_StateOperatingLossCarryforwardMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="IncomeTaxesTextualAbstract" id="zdge_IncomeTaxesTextualAbstract" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="TwoThousandSixteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember" id="zdge_TwoThousandSixteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract" id="zdge_StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationNumberOfYears" id="zdge_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationNumberOfYears" type="xbrli:durationItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumberExtendedExpiration" id="zdge_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumberExtendedExpiration" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonVestedStockOptionsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognitionOne" id="zdge_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonVestedStockOptionsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognitionOne" type="xbrli:durationItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="StockIssuedDuringPeriodDeferredStockUnits" id="zdge_StockIssuedDuringPeriodDeferredStockUnits" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="CollectionOfReceivableFromStockholderForStockOptionExercise" id="zdge_CollectionOfReceivableFromStockholderForStockOptionExercise" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="IdtCorporationMember" id="zdge_IdtCorporationMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="AppboyIncMember" id="zdge_AppboyIncMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="RelatedPartyTransactionsTextualAbstract" id="zdge_RelatedPartyTransactionsTextualAbstract" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="RelatedPartyTransactionAggregatePaymentMadeToRelatedParty" id="zdge_RelatedPartyTransactionAggregatePaymentMadeToRelatedParty" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="ForeignMember" id="zdge_ForeignMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="RevolvingCreditFacilityTextualAbstract" id="zdge_RevolvingCreditFacilityTextualAbstract" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacityDerivativeUnderlyingAmountAggregateForeignExchangeContracts" id="zdge_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacityDerivativeUnderlyingAmountAggregateForeignExchangeContracts" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacityReductionAmountForForeignExchangeContracts" id="zdge_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacityReductionAmountForForeignExchangeContracts" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="FreeformDevelopmentIncMember" id="zdge_FreeformDevelopmentIncMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="EmployeesMember" id="zdge_EmployeesMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="SubsequentEventTextualAbstract" id="zdge_SubsequentEventTextualAbstract" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaidForOperatingLiabilities" id="zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaidForOperatingLiabilities" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaidForConvertibleNotes" id="zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaidForConvertibleNotes" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaid" id="zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaid" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredShares" id="zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredShares" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredOtherFairValue" id="zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredOtherFairValue" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredForLiabilities" id="zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredForLiabilities" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredFairValueOfSharesIssuedToEmployees" id="zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredFairValueOfSharesIssuedToEmployees" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntitySharesIssuedForConvertibleNotes" id="zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntitySharesIssuedForConvertibleNotes" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
</schema>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.CAL
<SEQUENCE>11
<FILENAME>zdge-20170731_cal.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL CALCULATION FILE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<linkbase xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd">
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#ConsolidatedBalanceSheets" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/ConsolidatedBalanceSheets"/>
<calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/ConsolidatedBalanceSheets">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" order="10" use="optional" weight="1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent" order="20" use="optional" weight="1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseCurrent" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseCurrent" order="30" use="optional" weight="1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent" order="40" use="optional" weight="1"/>
</calculationLink>
<calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/ConsolidatedBalanceSheets">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_Assets" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_Assets" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_Assets" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" order="10" use="optional" weight="1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_Assets" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" order="20" use="optional" weight="1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_Goodwill" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_Goodwill" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_Assets" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_Goodwill" order="30" use="optional" weight="1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_Assets" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" order="40" use="optional" weight="1"/>
</calculationLink>
<calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/ConsolidatedBalanceSheets">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" order="10" use="optional" weight="1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" order="20" use="optional" weight="1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredRevenueCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DeferredRevenueCurrent" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_DeferredRevenueCurrent" order="30" use="optional" weight="1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DueToRelatedPartiesCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DueToRelatedPartiesCurrent" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_DueToRelatedPartiesCurrent" order="40" use="optional" weight="1"/>
</calculationLink>
<calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/ConsolidatedBalanceSheets">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_Liabilities" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_Liabilities" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_Liabilities" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" order="10" use="optional" weight="1"/>
</calculationLink>
<calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/ConsolidatedBalanceSheets">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PreferredStockValue" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PreferredStockValue" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_PreferredStockValue" order="10" use="optional" weight="1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockValue" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommonStockValue" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CommonStockValue" order="20" use="optional" weight="1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital" order="30" use="optional" weight="1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" order="40" use="optional" weight="1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" order="50" use="optional" weight="1"/>
</calculationLink>
<calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/ConsolidatedBalanceSheets">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_Liabilities" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_Liabilities" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_Liabilities" order="10" use="optional" weight="1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies" order="20" use="optional" weight="1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" order="30" use="optional" weight="1"/>
</calculationLink>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#ConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveLossIncome" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/ConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveLossIncome"/>
<calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/ConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveLossIncome">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_Revenues" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_Revenues" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_Revenues" order="10" use="optional" weight="1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CostOfRevenue" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CostOfRevenue" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CostOfRevenue" order="20" use="optional" weight="-1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" order="30" use="optional" weight="-1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization" order="40" use="optional" weight="-1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1" order="50" use="optional" weight="1"/>
</calculationLink>
<calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/ConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveLossIncome">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" order="10" use="optional" weight="1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_InterestIncomeExpenseNet" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_InterestIncomeExpenseNet" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_InterestIncomeExpenseNet" order="20" use="optional" weight="1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax" order="30" use="optional" weight="1"/>
</calculationLink>
<calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/ConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveLossIncome">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments" order="10" use="optional" weight="1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" order="20" use="optional" weight="-1"/>
</calculationLink>
<calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/ConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveLossIncome">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax" order="10" use="optional" weight="1"/>
</calculationLink>
<calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/ConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveLossIncome">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" order="10" use="optional" weight="1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" order="20" use="optional" weight="1"/>
</calculationLink>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#ConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/ConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows"/>
<calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/ConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" order="10" use="optional" weight="1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization" order="20" use="optional" weight="1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxesAndTaxCredits" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxesAndTaxCredits" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxesAndTaxCredits" order="30" use="optional" weight="1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1" order="40" use="optional" weight="-1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" order="50" use="optional" weight="1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable" order="60" use="optional" weight="-1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets" order="70" use="optional" weight="-1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherOperatingAssets" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherOperatingAssets" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherOperatingAssets" order="80" use="optional" weight="-1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" order="90" use="optional" weight="1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDueToRelatedPartiesCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDueToRelatedPartiesCurrent" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDueToRelatedPartiesCurrent" order="100" use="optional" weight="1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDeferredRevenue" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDeferredRevenue" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDeferredRevenue" order="110" use="optional" weight="1"/>
</calculationLink>
<calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/ConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsToDevelopSoftware" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PaymentsToDevelopSoftware" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_PaymentsToDevelopSoftware" order="10" use="optional" weight="-1"/>
</calculationLink>
<calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/ConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised" order="10" use="optional" weight="1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfPrivatePlacement" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfPrivatePlacement" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfPrivatePlacement" order="20" use="optional" weight="1"/>
</calculationLink>
<calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/ConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecrease" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecrease" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecrease" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" order="10" use="optional" weight="1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecrease" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" order="20" use="optional" weight="1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecrease" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" order="30" use="optional" weight="1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashAndCashEquivalents" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashAndCashEquivalents" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecrease" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashAndCashEquivalents" order="40" use="optional" weight="1"/>
</calculationLink>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#PropertyandEquipmentDetails" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/PropertyandEquipmentDetails"/>
<calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/PropertyandEquipmentDetails">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CapitalizedComputerSoftwareGross" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CapitalizedComputerSoftwareGross" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CapitalizedComputerSoftwareGross" order="10" use="optional" weight="1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOther" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOther" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOther" order="20" use="optional" weight="1"/>
</calculationLink>
<calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/PropertyandEquipmentDetails">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" order="10" use="optional" weight="1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment" order="20" use="optional" weight="-1"/>
</calculationLink>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#AccruedExpensesDetails" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/AccruedExpensesDetails"/>
<calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/AccruedExpensesDetails">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedVacationCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AccruedVacationCurrent" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AccruedVacationCurrent" order="10" use="optional" weight="1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedPayrollTaxesCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AccruedPayrollTaxesCurrent" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AccruedPayrollTaxesCurrent" order="20" use="optional" weight="1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedBonusesCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AccruedBonusesCurrent" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AccruedBonusesCurrent" order="30" use="optional" weight="1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_AccruedDirectCostCurrent" xlink:label="loc_zdge_AccruedDirectCostCurrent" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="loc_zdge_AccruedDirectCostCurrent" order="40" use="optional" weight="1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedAdvertisingCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AccruedAdvertisingCurrent" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AccruedAdvertisingCurrent" order="50" use="optional" weight="1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent" order="60" use="optional" weight="1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent" order="70" use="optional" weight="1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" order="80" use="optional" weight="1"/>
</calculationLink>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#CommitmentsandContingenciesDetails" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/CommitmentsandContingenciesDetails"/>
<calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/CommitmentsandContingenciesDetails">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent" order="10" use="optional" weight="1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears" order="20" use="optional" weight="1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueThereafter" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueThereafter" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueThereafter" order="30" use="optional" weight="1"/>
</calculationLink>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#IncomeTaxesDetails1" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/IncomeTaxesDetails1"/>
<calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/IncomeTaxesDetails1">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CurrentForeignTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CurrentForeignTaxExpenseBenefit" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CurrentForeignTaxExpenseBenefit" order="10" use="optional" weight="1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CurrentFederalTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CurrentFederalTaxExpenseBenefit" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CurrentFederalTaxExpenseBenefit" order="20" use="optional" weight="1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CurrentStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CurrentStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefit" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CurrentStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefit" order="30" use="optional" weight="1"/>
</calculationLink>
<calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/IncomeTaxesDetails1">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredForeignIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DeferredForeignIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_DeferredForeignIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" order="10" use="optional" weight="1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredFederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DeferredFederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_DeferredFederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" order="20" use="optional" weight="1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DeferredStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_DeferredStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" order="30" use="optional" weight="1"/>
</calculationLink>
<calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/IncomeTaxesDetails1">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" order="10" use="optional" weight="1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" order="20" use="optional" weight="1"/>
</calculationLink>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#IncomeTaxesDetails2" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/IncomeTaxesDetails2"/>
<calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/IncomeTaxesDetails2">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" order="10" use="optional" weight="1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes" order="20" use="optional" weight="1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" order="30" use="optional" weight="1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential" order="40" use="optional" weight="1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseMealsAndEntertainment" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseMealsAndEntertainment" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseMealsAndEntertainment" order="50" use="optional" weight="1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost" order="60" use="optional" weight="1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationOtherAdjustments" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationOtherAdjustments" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationOtherAdjustments" order="70" use="optional" weight="1"/>
</calculationLink>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#IncomeTaxesDetails3" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/IncomeTaxesDetails3"/>
<calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/IncomeTaxesDetails3">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards" order="10" use="optional" weight="1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccruals" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccruals" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccruals" order="20" use="optional" weight="1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsShareBasedCompensationCost" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsShareBasedCompensationCost" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsShareBasedCompensationCost" order="30" use="optional" weight="1"/>
</calculationLink>
<calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/IncomeTaxesDetails3">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross" order="10" use="optional" weight="1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" order="20" use="optional" weight="-1"/>
</calculationLink>
<calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/IncomeTaxesDetails3">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet" order="10" use="optional" weight="1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilities" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilities" />
<calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilities" order="20" use="optional" weight="-1"/>
</calculationLink>
</linkbase>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.DEF
<SEQUENCE>12
<FILENAME>zdge-20170731_def.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL DEFINITION FILE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<linkbase xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd" xmlns:xbrldt="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt" >
<arcroleRef arcroleURI="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd#all"/>
<arcroleRef arcroleURI="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd#dimension-default"/>
<arcroleRef arcroleURI="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd#dimension-domain"/>
<arcroleRef arcroleURI="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd#domain-member"/>
<arcroleRef arcroleURI="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd#hypercube-dimension"/>
<arcroleRef arcroleURI="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/notAll" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd#notAll"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#DocumentAndEntityInformation" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/DocumentAndEntityInformation"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#ConsolidatedBalanceSheets" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/ConsolidatedBalanceSheets"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#ConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParenthetical" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/ConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParenthetical"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#ConsolidatedStatementsOfStockholdersEquity" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/ConsolidatedStatementsOfStockholdersEquity"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#DescriptionofBusinessandSummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesDetails1" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/DescriptionofBusinessandSummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesDetails1"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#DescriptionOfBusinessAndSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesDetailsTextual" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/DescriptionOfBusinessAndSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesDetailsTextual"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#FairValueMeasurementsDetails" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/FairValueMeasurementsDetails"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#DerivativeInstrumentsDetails" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/DerivativeInstrumentsDetails"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#EquityDetails" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/EquityDetails"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#EquityDetailsTextual" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/EquityDetailsTextual"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#CommitmentsandContingenciesDetails" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/CommitmentsandContingenciesDetails"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#IncomeTaxesDetailsTextual" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/IncomeTaxesDetailsTextual"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#StockBasedCompensationDetails1" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/StockBasedCompensationDetails1"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#StockBasedCompensationDetailsTextual" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/StockBasedCompensationDetailsTextual"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#RelatedPartyTransactionsDetailsTextual" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/RelatedPartyTransactionsDetailsTextual"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#BusinessSegmentAndGeographicInformationDetails" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/BusinessSegmentAndGeographicInformationDetails"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#Revolvingcreditfacilitydetails" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/Revolvingcreditfacilitydetails"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#DefinedContributionPlanDetails" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/DefinedContributionPlanDetails"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#SubsequentEventFreeformDevelopmentIncDetails" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/SubsequentEventFreeformDevelopmentIncDetails"/>
<definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/DocumentAndEntityInformation">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementTable" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementTable_1" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StatementTable_1" order="0" use="optional"  xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_2" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_2" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3_Default" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3_Default" order="0" use="optional" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_4" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_4" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_5" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_5" order="10" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityRegistrantName_6" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityRegistrantName_6" order="10" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_7" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_7" order="20" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:label="loc_dei_AmendmentFlag_8" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_dei_AmendmentFlag_8" order="30" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:label="loc_dei_TradingSymbol_9" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_dei_TradingSymbol_9" order="40" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:label="loc_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_10" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_10" order="50" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_DocumentType" xlink:label="loc_dei_DocumentType_11" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_dei_DocumentType_11" order="60" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:label="loc_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_12" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_12" order="70" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:label="loc_dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_13" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_13" order="80" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:label="loc_dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_14" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_14" order="90" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_15" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_15" order="100" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_16" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_16" order="110" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_17" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_17" order="120" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityFilerCategory_18" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityFilerCategory_18" order="130" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityPublicFloat" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityPublicFloat_19" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityPublicFloat_19" order="140" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding_20" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding_20" order="150" use="optional"  />
</definitionLink>
<definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/ConsolidatedBalanceSheets">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementTable" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementTable_1" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StatementTable_1" order="0" use="optional"  xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_2" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_2" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3_Default" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3_Default" order="0" use="optional" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_4" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_4" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_5" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_5" order="10" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AssetsAbstract_6" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AssetsAbstract_6" order="10" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_7" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AssetsAbstract_6" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_7" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_8" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_7" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_8" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent_9" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_7" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent_9" order="10" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseCurrent_10" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_7" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseCurrent_10" order="20" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent_11" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_7" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent_11" order="30" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_12" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_7" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_12" order="40" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_13" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AssetsAbstract_6" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_13" order="10" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_Goodwill" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_Goodwill_14" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AssetsAbstract_6" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_Goodwill_14" order="20" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent_15" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AssetsAbstract_6" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent_15" order="30" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_Assets" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_Assets_16" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AssetsAbstract_6" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_Assets_16" order="40" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract_17" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract_17" order="20" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_18" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract_17" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_18" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent_19" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_18" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent_19" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_20" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_18" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_20" order="10" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredRevenueCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DeferredRevenueCurrent_21" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_18" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_DeferredRevenueCurrent_21" order="20" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DueToRelatedPartiesCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DueToRelatedPartiesCurrent_22" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_18" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_DueToRelatedPartiesCurrent_22" order="30" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_23" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_18" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_23" order="40" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_Liabilities" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_Liabilities_24" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract_17" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_Liabilities_24" order="10" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies_25" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract_17" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies_25" order="20" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract_26" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract_17" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract_26" order="30" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PreferredStockValue" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PreferredStockValue_27" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract_26" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_PreferredStockValue_27" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockValue" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommonStockValue_28" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract_26" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CommonStockValue_28" order="10" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital_29" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract_26" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital_29" order="20" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_30" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract_26" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_30" order="30" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit_31" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract_26" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit_31" order="40" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_32" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract_26" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_32" order="50" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_33" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract_17" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_33" order="40" use="optional"  />
</definitionLink>
<definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/ConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParenthetical">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementTable" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementTable_1" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StatementTable_1" order="0" use="optional"  xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_2" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_2" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3_Default" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3_Default" order="0" use="optional" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_4" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_4" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_5" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_5" order="10" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_6" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_6" order="10" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_7" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_7" order="20" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized_8" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized_8" order="30" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued_9" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued_9" order="40" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_10" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_10" order="50" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized_11" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized_11" order="60" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued_12" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued_12" order="70" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding_13" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding_13" order="80" use="optional"  />
</definitionLink>
<definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/ConsolidatedStatementsOfStockholdersEquity">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementTable" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementTable_1" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StatementTable_1" order="0" use="optional"  xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_2" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_2" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain_3" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain_3" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain_3_Default" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain_3_Default" order="0" use="optional" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_4" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_4" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_5" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_5" order="10" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_6" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_6" order="20" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_7" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_7" order="10" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_8" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_7" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_8" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_8_Default" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_7" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_8_Default" order="0" use="optional" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_9" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_8" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_9" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_10" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_8" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_10" order="10" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_11" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_11" order="10" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SharesOutstanding" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding_12" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding_12" order="20" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_ReclassificationOfMezzanineEquity" xlink:label="loc_zdge_ReclassificationOfMezzanineEquity_13" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_zdge_ReclassificationOfMezzanineEquity_13" order="30" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues_14" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues_14" order="40" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_15" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_15" order="50" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised_16" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised_16" order="60" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_17" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_17" order="70" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_18" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_18" order="80" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation_19" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation_19" order="90" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeBenefitPlan" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeBenefitPlan_20" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeBenefitPlan_20" order="100" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesEmployeeBenefitPlan" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesEmployeeBenefitPlan_21" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesEmployeeBenefitPlan_21" order="110" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax_22" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax_22" order="120" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_23" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_23" order="130" use="optional"  />
</definitionLink>
<definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/DescriptionofBusinessandSummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesDetails1">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTable" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTable_1" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTable_1" order="0" use="optional"  xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_2" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_2" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesNameDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesNameDomain_3" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesNameDomain_3" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesNameDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesNameDomain_3_Default" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesNameDomain_3_Default" order="0" use="optional" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_4" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesNameDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_4" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_NonVestedRestrictedClassBCommonStockMember" xlink:label="loc_zdge_NonVestedRestrictedClassBCommonStockMember_5" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesNameDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_zdge_NonVestedRestrictedClassBCommonStockMember_5" order="10" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_6" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_6" order="10" use="optional"  />
</definitionLink>
<definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/DescriptionOfBusinessAndSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesDetailsTextual">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_DescriptionOfBusinessAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesLineItems" xlink:label="loc_zdge_DescriptionOfBusinessAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesLineItems_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_DescriptionOfBusinessAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesTable" xlink:label="loc_zdge_DescriptionOfBusinessAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesTable_1" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" xlink:from="loc_zdge_DescriptionOfBusinessAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_zdge_DescriptionOfBusinessAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesTable_1" order="0" use="optional"  xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_2" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="loc_zdge_DescriptionOfBusinessAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_2" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3_Default" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3_Default" order="0" use="optional" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_4" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_4" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_5" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_5" order="10" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_6" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="loc_zdge_DescriptionOfBusinessAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_6" order="10" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain_7" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_6" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain_7" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain_7_Default" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_6" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain_7_Default" order="0" use="optional" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_8" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain_7" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_8" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_9" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain_7" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_9" order="10" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ProductOrServiceAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ProductOrServiceAxis_10" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="loc_zdge_DescriptionOfBusinessAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ProductOrServiceAxis_10" order="20" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ProductsAndServicesDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ProductsAndServicesDomain_11" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ProductOrServiceAxis_10" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ProductsAndServicesDomain_11" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ProductsAndServicesDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ProductsAndServicesDomain_11_Default" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ProductOrServiceAxis_10" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ProductsAndServicesDomain_11_Default" order="0" use="optional" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_CustomerOneMember" xlink:label="loc_zdge_CustomerOneMember_12" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ProductsAndServicesDomain_11" xlink:to="loc_zdge_CustomerOneMember_12" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_CustomerTwoMember" xlink:label="loc_zdge_CustomerTwoMember_13" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ProductsAndServicesDomain_11" xlink:to="loc_zdge_CustomerTwoMember_13" order="10" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_CustomerThreeMember" xlink:label="loc_zdge_CustomerThreeMember_14" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ProductsAndServicesDomain_11" xlink:to="loc_zdge_CustomerThreeMember_14" order="20" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_15" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="loc_zdge_DescriptionOfBusinessAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_15" order="30" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain_16" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_15" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain_16" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain_16_Default" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_15" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain_16_Default" order="0" use="optional" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SoftwareAndSoftwareDevelopmentCostsMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SoftwareAndSoftwareDevelopmentCostsMember_17" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain_16" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SoftwareAndSoftwareDevelopmentCostsMember_17" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOtherTypesMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOtherTypesMember_18" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain_16" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOtherTypesMember_18" order="10" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_BasisOfPresentationTextualAbstract" xlink:label="loc_zdge_BasisOfPresentationTextualAbstract_19" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_zdge_DescriptionOfBusinessAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_zdge_BasisOfPresentationTextualAbstract_19" order="10" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_20" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_zdge_BasisOfPresentationTextualAbstract_19" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_20" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_NumberOfCustomers" xlink:label="loc_zdge_NumberOfCustomers_21" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_zdge_BasisOfPresentationTextualAbstract_19" xlink:to="loc_zdge_NumberOfCustomers_21" order="10" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_22" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_zdge_BasisOfPresentationTextualAbstract_19" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_22" order="20" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentEstimatedUsefulLives" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentEstimatedUsefulLives_23" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_zdge_BasisOfPresentationTextualAbstract_19" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentEstimatedUsefulLives_23" order="30" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments_24" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_zdge_BasisOfPresentationTextualAbstract_19" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments_24" order="40" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherInformationPertainingToIncomeTaxes" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_OtherInformationPertainingToIncomeTaxes_25" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_zdge_BasisOfPresentationTextualAbstract_19" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_OtherInformationPertainingToIncomeTaxes_25" order="50" use="optional"  />
</definitionLink>
<definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/FairValueMeasurementsDetails">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable_1" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable_1" order="0" use="optional"  xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis_2" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis_2" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementFrequencyDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementFrequencyDomain_3" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementFrequencyDomain_3" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementFrequencyDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementFrequencyDomain_3_Default" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementFrequencyDomain_3_Default" order="0" use="optional" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_4" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementFrequencyDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_4" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis_5" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis_5" order="10" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain_6" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis_5" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain_6" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain_6_Default" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis_5" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain_6_Default" order="0" use="optional" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member_7" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain_6" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member_7" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member_8" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain_6" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member_8" order="10" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member_9" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain_6" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member_9" order="20" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract_10" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract_10" order="10" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyContractAssetFairValueDisclosure" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyContractAssetFairValueDisclosure_11" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract_10" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyContractAssetFairValueDisclosure_11" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosureAbstract_12" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosureAbstract_12" order="20" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyContractsLiabilityFairValueDisclosure" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyContractsLiabilityFairValueDisclosure_13" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosureAbstract_12" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyContractsLiabilityFairValueDisclosure_13" order="0" use="optional"  />
</definitionLink>
<definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/DerivativeInstrumentsDetails">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DerivativeLineItems" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DerivativeLineItems_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsGainLossByHedgingRelationshipByIncomeStatementLocationByDerivativeInstrumentRiskTable" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsGainLossByHedgingRelationshipByIncomeStatementLocationByDerivativeInstrumentRiskTable_1" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DerivativeLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsGainLossByHedgingRelationshipByIncomeStatementLocationByDerivativeInstrumentRiskTable_1" order="0" use="optional"  xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis_2" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsGainLossByHedgingRelationshipByIncomeStatementLocationByDerivativeInstrumentRiskTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis_2" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DerivativeContractTypeDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DerivativeContractTypeDomain_3" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_DerivativeContractTypeDomain_3" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DerivativeContractTypeDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DerivativeContractTypeDomain_3_Default" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_DerivativeContractTypeDomain_3_Default" order="0" use="optional" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_AugustTwoZeroOneSevenMember" xlink:label="loc_zdge_AugustTwoZeroOneSevenMember_4" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DerivativeContractTypeDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_zdge_AugustTwoZeroOneSevenMember_4" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_SeptemberTwoZeroOneSevenMember" xlink:label="loc_zdge_SeptemberTwoZeroOneSevenMember_5" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DerivativeContractTypeDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_zdge_SeptemberTwoZeroOneSevenMember_5" order="10" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_MaturityOfForeignCurrencyDerivatives1" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_MaturityOfForeignCurrencyDerivatives1_6" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DerivativeLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_MaturityOfForeignCurrencyDerivatives1_6" order="10" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_DerivativeUnderlyingAmount" xlink:label="loc_zdge_DerivativeUnderlyingAmount_7" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DerivativeLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_zdge_DerivativeUnderlyingAmount_7" order="20" use="optional"  />
</definitionLink>
<definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/EquityDetails">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTable" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTable_1" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTable_1" order="0" use="optional"  xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_2" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_2" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3_Default" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3_Default" order="0" use="optional" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SeriesBPreferredStockMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SeriesBPreferredStockMember_4" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SeriesBPreferredStockMember_4" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_MezzanineEquityAbstract" xlink:label="loc_zdge_MezzanineEquityAbstract_5" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_zdge_MezzanineEquityAbstract_5" order="10" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_MezzanineEquityPreferredStock" xlink:label="loc_zdge_MezzanineEquityPreferredStock_6" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_zdge_MezzanineEquityAbstract_5" xlink:to="loc_zdge_MezzanineEquityPreferredStock_6" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_MezzanineEquityPreferredStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:label="loc_zdge_MezzanineEquityPreferredStockSharesOutstanding_7" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_zdge_MezzanineEquityAbstract_5" xlink:to="loc_zdge_MezzanineEquityPreferredStockSharesOutstanding_7" order="10" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_ReclassificationsOfMezzanineEquity" xlink:label="loc_zdge_ReclassificationsOfMezzanineEquity_8" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_zdge_MezzanineEquityAbstract_5" xlink:to="loc_zdge_ReclassificationsOfMezzanineEquity_8" order="20" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_ReclassificationOfMezzanineEquityShares" xlink:label="loc_zdge_ReclassificationOfMezzanineEquityShares_9" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_zdge_MezzanineEquityAbstract_5" xlink:to="loc_zdge_ReclassificationOfMezzanineEquityShares_9" order="30" use="optional"  />
</definitionLink>
<definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/EquityDetailsTextual">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementTable" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementTable_1" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StatementTable_1" order="0" use="optional"  xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_2" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_2" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3_Default" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3_Default" order="0" use="optional" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_4" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_4" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_EquityTextualAbstract" xlink:label="loc_zdge_EquityTextualAbstract_5" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_zdge_EquityTextualAbstract_5" order="10" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockVotingRights" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommonStockVotingRights_6" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CommonStockVotingRights_6" order="20" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock_7" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock_7" order="30" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_SalesOfStockPercentageOfOwnershipSold" xlink:label="loc_zdge_SalesOfStockPercentageOfOwnershipSold_8" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_zdge_SalesOfStockPercentageOfOwnershipSold_8" order="40" use="optional"  />
</definitionLink>
<definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/CommitmentsandContingenciesDetails">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_CommitmentsAndContingenciesLineItems" xlink:label="loc_zdge_CommitmentsAndContingenciesLineItems_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_CommitmentsAndContingenciesTable" xlink:label="loc_zdge_CommitmentsAndContingenciesTable_1" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" xlink:from="loc_zdge_CommitmentsAndContingenciesLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_zdge_CommitmentsAndContingenciesTable_1" order="0" use="optional"  xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CollateralAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CollateralAxis_2" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="loc_zdge_CommitmentsAndContingenciesTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CollateralAxis_2" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CollateralDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CollateralDomain_3" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_CollateralAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CollateralDomain_3" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CollateralDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CollateralDomain_3_Default" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_CollateralAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CollateralDomain_3_Default" order="0" use="optional" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RealEstateMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_RealEstateMember_4" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_CollateralDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_RealEstateMember_4" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SoftwareServiceSupportAndMaintenanceArrangementMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SoftwareServiceSupportAndMaintenanceArrangementMember_5" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_CollateralDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SoftwareServiceSupportAndMaintenanceArrangementMember_5" order="10" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ContractualObligationFiscalYearMaturityAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ContractualObligationFiscalYearMaturityAbstract_6" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_zdge_CommitmentsAndContingenciesLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ContractualObligationFiscalYearMaturityAbstract_6" order="10" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent_7" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ContractualObligationFiscalYearMaturityAbstract_6" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent_7" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears_8" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ContractualObligationFiscalYearMaturityAbstract_6" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears_8" order="10" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueThereafter" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueThereafter_9" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ContractualObligationFiscalYearMaturityAbstract_6" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueThereafter_9" order="20" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue_10" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ContractualObligationFiscalYearMaturityAbstract_6" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue_10" order="30" use="optional"  />
</definitionLink>
<definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/IncomeTaxesDetailsTextual">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersLineItems" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersLineItems_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersTable" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersTable_1" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersTable_1" order="0" use="optional"  xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis_2" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis_2" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersTypeDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersTypeDomain_3" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersTypeDomain_3" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersTypeDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersTypeDomain_3_Default" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersTypeDomain_3_Default" order="0" use="optional" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_NorwaySkattefunnMember" xlink:label="loc_zdge_NorwaySkattefunnMember_4" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersTypeDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_zdge_NorwaySkattefunnMember_4" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis_5" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis_5" order="10" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeDomain_6" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis_5" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeDomain_6" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeDomain_6_Default" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis_5" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeDomain_6_Default" order="0" use="optional" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_FederalOperatingLossCarryforwardMember" xlink:label="loc_zdge_FederalOperatingLossCarryforwardMember_7" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeDomain_6" xlink:to="loc_zdge_FederalOperatingLossCarryforwardMember_7" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_StateOperatingLossCarryforwardMember" xlink:label="loc_zdge_StateOperatingLossCarryforwardMember_8" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeDomain_6" xlink:to="loc_zdge_StateOperatingLossCarryforwardMember_8" order="10" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_IncomeTaxesTextualAbstract" xlink:label="loc_zdge_IncomeTaxesTextualAbstract_9" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_zdge_IncomeTaxesTextualAbstract_9" order="10" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_UndistributedEarningsOfForeignSubsidiaries" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_UndistributedEarningsOfForeignSubsidiaries_10" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_zdge_IncomeTaxesTextualAbstract_9" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_UndistributedEarningsOfForeignSubsidiaries_10" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsInterestOnIncomeTaxesAccrued" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsInterestOnIncomeTaxesAccrued_11" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_zdge_IncomeTaxesTextualAbstract_9" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsInterestOnIncomeTaxesAccrued_11" order="10" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards_12" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_zdge_IncomeTaxesTextualAbstract_9" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards_12" order="20" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationDate" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationDate_13" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_zdge_IncomeTaxesTextualAbstract_9" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationDate_13" order="30" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentAbstract_14" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_zdge_IncomeTaxesTextualAbstract_9" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentAbstract_14" order="40" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent_15" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentAbstract_14" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent_15" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_16" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentAbstract_14" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_16" order="10" use="optional"  />
</definitionLink>
<definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/StockBasedCompensationDetails1">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable_1" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable_1" order="0" use="optional"  xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_2" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_2" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain_3" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain_3" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain_3_Default" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain_3_Default" order="0" use="optional" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_4" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_4" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_5" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_5" order="10" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross_6" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross_6" order="20" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_7" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_7" order="30" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod_8" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod_8" order="40" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_9" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_9" order="50" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_10" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_10" order="60" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_11" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_11" order="70" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_12" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_12" order="80" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_13" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_13" order="90" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice_14" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice_14" order="100" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_15" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_15" order="110" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_16" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_16" order="120" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue_17" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue_17" order="130" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1_18" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1_18" order="140" use="optional"  />
</definitionLink>
<definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/StockBasedCompensationDetailsTextual">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable_1" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable_1" order="0" use="optional"  xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PlanNameAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_2" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_2" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PlanNameDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PlanNameDomain_3" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_PlanNameDomain_3" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PlanNameDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PlanNameDomain_3_Default" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_PlanNameDomain_3_Default" order="0" use="optional" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_TwoThousandSixteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember" xlink:label="loc_zdge_TwoThousandSixteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_4" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_PlanNameDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_zdge_TwoThousandSixteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_4" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_5" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_5" order="10" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain_6" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_5" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain_6" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain_6_Default" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_5" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain_6_Default" order="0" use="optional" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember_7" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain_6" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember_7" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_8" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain_6" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_8" order="10" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_9" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_9" order="20" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_10" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_9" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_10" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_10_Default" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_9" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_10_Default" order="0" use="optional" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_11" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_10" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_11" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_12" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_12" order="30" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain_13" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_12" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain_13" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain_13_Default" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_12" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain_13_Default" order="0" use="optional" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember_14" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain_13" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember_14" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract" xlink:label="loc_zdge_StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract_15" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_zdge_StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract_15" order="10" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized_16" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_zdge_StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract_15" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized_16" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized_17" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_zdge_StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract_15" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized_17" order="10" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationNumberOfYears" xlink:label="loc_zdge_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationNumberOfYears_18" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_zdge_StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract_15" xlink:to="loc_zdge_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationNumberOfYears_18" order="20" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationDate" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationDate_19" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_zdge_StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract_15" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationDate_19" order="30" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumberExtendedExpiration" xlink:label="loc_zdge_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumberExtendedExpiration_20" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_zdge_StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract_15" xlink:to="loc_zdge_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumberExtendedExpiration_20" order="40" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPlanModificationIncrementalCompensationCost" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPlanModificationIncrementalCompensationCost_21" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_zdge_StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract_15" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPlanModificationIncrementalCompensationCost_21" order="50" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised_22" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_zdge_StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract_15" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised_22" order="60" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SharesIssued" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SharesIssued_23" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_zdge_StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract_15" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SharesIssued_23" order="70" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue_24" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_zdge_StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract_15" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue_24" order="80" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedStockOptions" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedStockOptions_25" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_zdge_StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract_15" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedStockOptions_25" order="90" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonVestedStockOptionsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognitionOne" xlink:label="loc_zdge_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonVestedStockOptionsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognitionOne_26" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_zdge_StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract_15" xlink:to="loc_zdge_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonVestedStockOptionsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognitionOne_26" order="100" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDescription" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDescription_27" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_zdge_StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract_15" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDescription_27" order="110" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross_28" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_zdge_StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract_15" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross_28" order="120" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_StockIssuedDuringPeriodDeferredStockUnits" xlink:label="loc_zdge_StockIssuedDuringPeriodDeferredStockUnits_29" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_zdge_StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract_15" xlink:to="loc_zdge_StockIssuedDuringPeriodDeferredStockUnits_29" order="130" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_CollectionOfReceivableFromStockholderForStockOptionExercise" xlink:label="loc_zdge_CollectionOfReceivableFromStockholderForStockOptionExercise_30" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_zdge_StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract_15" xlink:to="loc_zdge_CollectionOfReceivableFromStockholderForStockOptionExercise_30" order="140" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_31" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_zdge_StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract_15" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_31" order="150" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber_32" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_zdge_StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract_15" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber_32" order="160" use="optional"  />
</definitionLink>
<definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/RelatedPartyTransactionsDetailsTextual">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyTable" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyTable_1" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyTable_1" order="0" use="optional"  xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis_2" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis_2" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDomain_3" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDomain_3" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDomain_3_Default" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDomain_3_Default" order="0" use="optional" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_IdtCorporationMember" xlink:label="loc_zdge_IdtCorporationMember_4" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_zdge_IdtCorporationMember_4" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_AppboyIncMember" xlink:label="loc_zdge_AppboyIncMember_5" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_zdge_AppboyIncMember_5" order="10" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_RelatedPartyTransactionsTextualAbstract" xlink:label="loc_zdge_RelatedPartyTransactionsTextualAbstract_6" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_zdge_RelatedPartyTransactionsTextualAbstract_6" order="10" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet_7" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_zdge_RelatedPartyTransactionsTextualAbstract_6" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet_7" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_RelatedPartyTransactionAggregatePaymentMadeToRelatedParty" xlink:label="loc_zdge_RelatedPartyTransactionAggregatePaymentMadeToRelatedParty_8" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_zdge_RelatedPartyTransactionsTextualAbstract_6" xlink:to="loc_zdge_RelatedPartyTransactionAggregatePaymentMadeToRelatedParty_8" order="10" use="optional"  />
</definitionLink>
<definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/BusinessSegmentAndGeographicInformationDetails">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTable" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTable_1" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTable_1" order="0" use="optional"  xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementGeographicalAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementGeographicalAxis_2" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StatementGeographicalAxis_2" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SegmentGeographicalDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SegmentGeographicalDomain_3" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementGeographicalAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SegmentGeographicalDomain_3" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SegmentGeographicalDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SegmentGeographicalDomain_3_Default" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementGeographicalAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SegmentGeographicalDomain_3_Default" order="0" use="optional" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2017/country-2017-01-31.xsd#country_US" xlink:label="loc_country_US_4" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SegmentGeographicalDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_country_US_4" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_ForeignMember" xlink:label="loc_zdge_ForeignMember_5" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SegmentGeographicalDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_zdge_ForeignMember_5" order="10" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NoncurrentAssets" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_NoncurrentAssets_6" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_NoncurrentAssets_6" order="10" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_Assets" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_Assets_7" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_Assets_7" order="20" use="optional"  />
</definitionLink>
<definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/Revolvingcreditfacilitydetails">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityTable" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityTable_1" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityTable_1" order="0" use="optional"  xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_2" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_2" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CreditFacilityDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CreditFacilityDomain_3" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CreditFacilityDomain_3" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CreditFacilityDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CreditFacilityDomain_3_Default" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CreditFacilityDomain_3_Default" order="0" use="optional" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ForeignExchangeContractMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ForeignExchangeContractMember_4" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_CreditFacilityDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ForeignExchangeContractMember_4" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_5" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_5" order="10" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain_6" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_5" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain_6" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain_6_Default" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_5" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain_6_Default" order="0" use="optional" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember_7" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain_6" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember_7" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_RevolvingCreditFacilityTextualAbstract" xlink:label="loc_zdge_RevolvingCreditFacilityTextualAbstract_8" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_zdge_RevolvingCreditFacilityTextualAbstract_8" order="10" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity_9" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_zdge_RevolvingCreditFacilityTextualAbstract_8" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity_9" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityBorrowingCapacityDescription" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityBorrowingCapacityDescription_10" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_zdge_RevolvingCreditFacilityTextualAbstract_8" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityBorrowingCapacityDescription_10" order="10" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateDescription" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateDescription_11" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_zdge_RevolvingCreditFacilityTextualAbstract_8" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateDescription_11" order="20" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityExpirationDate1" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityExpirationDate1_12" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_zdge_RevolvingCreditFacilityTextualAbstract_8" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityExpirationDate1_12" order="30" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityCollateralFeesAmount" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityCollateralFeesAmount_13" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_zdge_RevolvingCreditFacilityTextualAbstract_8" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityCollateralFeesAmount_13" order="40" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsDescription" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsDescription_14" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_zdge_RevolvingCreditFacilityTextualAbstract_8" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsDescription_14" order="50" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacityDerivativeUnderlyingAmountAggregateForeignExchangeContracts" xlink:label="loc_zdge_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacityDerivativeUnderlyingAmountAggregateForeignExchangeContracts_15" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_zdge_RevolvingCreditFacilityTextualAbstract_8" xlink:to="loc_zdge_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacityDerivativeUnderlyingAmountAggregateForeignExchangeContracts_15" order="60" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacityReductionAmountForForeignExchangeContracts" xlink:label="loc_zdge_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacityReductionAmountForForeignExchangeContracts_16" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_zdge_RevolvingCreditFacilityTextualAbstract_8" xlink:to="loc_zdge_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacityReductionAmountForForeignExchangeContracts_16" order="70" use="optional"  />
</definitionLink>
<definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/DefinedContributionPlanDetails">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanDisclosureLineItems" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanDisclosureLineItems_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanTable" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanTable_1" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanDisclosureLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanTable_1" order="0" use="optional"  xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_2" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_2" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3_Default" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3_Default" order="0" use="optional" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_4" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_4" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized_5" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanDisclosureLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized_5" order="10" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesEmployeeBenefitPlan" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesEmployeeBenefitPlan_6" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanDisclosureLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesEmployeeBenefitPlan_6" order="20" use="optional"  />
</definitionLink>
<definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/SubsequentEventFreeformDevelopmentIncDetails">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventTable" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTable_1" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTable_1" order="0" use="optional"  xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_2" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_2" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain_3" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain_3" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain_3_Default" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain_3_Default" order="0" use="optional" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember_4" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember_4" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_5" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_5" order="10" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_RelatedPartyDomain_6" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_5" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_RelatedPartyDomain_6" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_RelatedPartyDomain_6_Default" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_5" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_RelatedPartyDomain_6_Default" order="0" use="optional" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_FreeformDevelopmentIncMember" xlink:label="loc_zdge_FreeformDevelopmentIncMember_7" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_RelatedPartyDomain_6" xlink:to="loc_zdge_FreeformDevelopmentIncMember_7" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_8" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_8" order="20" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_9" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_8" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_9" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_9_Default" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_8" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_9_Default" order="0" use="optional" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_10" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_9" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_10" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualAxis_11" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualAxis_11" order="30" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualWithRelationshipToEntityDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualWithRelationshipToEntityDomain_12" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualAxis_11" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualWithRelationshipToEntityDomain_12" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualWithRelationshipToEntityDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualWithRelationshipToEntityDomain_12_Default" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualAxis_11" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualWithRelationshipToEntityDomain_12_Default" order="0" use="optional" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_EmployeesMember" xlink:label="loc_zdge_EmployeesMember_13" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualWithRelationshipToEntityDomain_12" xlink:to="loc_zdge_EmployeesMember_13" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_SubsequentEventTextualAbstract" xlink:label="loc_zdge_SubsequentEventTextualAbstract_14" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems_0" xlink:to="loc_zdge_SubsequentEventTextualAbstract_14" order="10" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaidForOperatingLiabilities" xlink:label="loc_zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaidForOperatingLiabilities_15" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_zdge_SubsequentEventTextualAbstract_14" xlink:to="loc_zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaidForOperatingLiabilities_15" order="0" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaidForConvertibleNotes" xlink:label="loc_zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaidForConvertibleNotes_16" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_zdge_SubsequentEventTextualAbstract_14" xlink:to="loc_zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaidForConvertibleNotes_16" order="10" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaid" xlink:label="loc_zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaid_17" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_zdge_SubsequentEventTextualAbstract_14" xlink:to="loc_zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaid_17" order="20" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredShares" xlink:label="loc_zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredShares_18" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_zdge_SubsequentEventTextualAbstract_14" xlink:to="loc_zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredShares_18" order="30" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredOtherFairValue" xlink:label="loc_zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredOtherFairValue_19" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_zdge_SubsequentEventTextualAbstract_14" xlink:to="loc_zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredOtherFairValue_19" order="40" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1_20" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_zdge_SubsequentEventTextualAbstract_14" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1_20" order="50" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredForLiabilities" xlink:label="loc_zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredForLiabilities_21" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_zdge_SubsequentEventTextualAbstract_14" xlink:to="loc_zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredForLiabilities_21" order="60" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredFairValueOfSharesIssuedToEmployees" xlink:label="loc_zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredFairValueOfSharesIssuedToEmployees_22" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_zdge_SubsequentEventTextualAbstract_14" xlink:to="loc_zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredFairValueOfSharesIssuedToEmployees_22" order="70" use="optional"  />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntitySharesIssuedForConvertibleNotes" xlink:label="loc_zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntitySharesIssuedForConvertibleNotes_23" />
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_zdge_SubsequentEventTextualAbstract_14" xlink:to="loc_zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntitySharesIssuedForConvertibleNotes_23" order="80" use="optional"  />
</definitionLink>
</linkbase>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.LAB
<SEQUENCE>13
<FILENAME>zdge-20170731_lab.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL LABEL FILE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<linkbase xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd">
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel"/> <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedPeriodEndLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedPeriodEndLabel"/> <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedPeriodStartLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedPeriodStartLabel"/> <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedTotalLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedTotalLabel"/> <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedNetLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedNetLabel"/> <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedTerseLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedTerseLabel"/> <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/net-2009-12-16.xsd#netLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/netLabel"/>
<labelLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/link">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_DocumentAndEntityInformationAbstract" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_DocumentAndEntityInformationAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_DocumentAndEntityInformationAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Document and Entity Information [Abstract]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_DocumentAndEntityInformationAbstract" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_DocumentAndEntityInformationAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementTable" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_StatementTable" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_StatementTable" xml:lang="en-US">Statement [Table]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_StatementTable" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_StatementTable"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" xml:lang="en-US">Class of Stock [Axis]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xml:lang="en-US">Class of Stock [Domain]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" xml:lang="en-US">Common Class A [Member]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" xml:lang="en-US">Class A common stock [Member]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" xml:lang="en-US">Class A common stock</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/definitionGuidance" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" xml:lang="en-US">Class A Common stock</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureGuidance" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" xml:lang="en-US">Class A Common Stock</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationGuidance" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" xml:lang="en-US">Class A common stock</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" xml:lang="en-US">Common Class B [Member]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" xml:lang="en-US">Class B common stock and DSUs [Member]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" xml:lang="en-US">Class B common stock [Member]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/definitionGuidance" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" xml:lang="en-US">Class B Common stock</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureGuidance" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" xml:lang="en-US">Class B Common Stock</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationGuidance" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" xml:lang="en-US">Class B common stock [Member]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleGuidance" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" xml:lang="en-US">Class B common stock</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_StatementLineItems" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xml:lang="en-US">Statement [Line Items]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_StatementLineItems"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_dei_EntityRegistrantName" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_dei_EntityRegistrantName" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Registrant Name</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_dei_EntityRegistrantName"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Central Index Key</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_dei_AmendmentFlag" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_dei_AmendmentFlag" xml:lang="en-US">Amendment Flag</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_dei_AmendmentFlag"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_dei_TradingSymbol" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_dei_TradingSymbol" xml:lang="en-US">Trading Symbol</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_dei_TradingSymbol"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xml:lang="en-US">Current Fiscal Year End Date</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_DocumentType" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_dei_DocumentType" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_dei_DocumentType" xml:lang="en-US">Document Type</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_dei_DocumentType" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_dei_DocumentType"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period End Date</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Period Focus</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Year Focus</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Voluntary Filers</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Current Reporting Status</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_dei_EntityFilerCategory" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_dei_EntityFilerCategory" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Filer Category</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_dei_EntityFilerCategory"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityPublicFloat" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_dei_EntityPublicFloat" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_dei_EntityPublicFloat" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Public Float</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_dei_EntityPublicFloat" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_dei_EntityPublicFloat"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsAbstract" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_AssetsAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_AssetsAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Assets [Abstract]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_AssetsAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">ASSETS</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_AssetsAbstract" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_AssetsAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Assets, Current [Abstract]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">CURRENT ASSETS:</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xml:lang="en-US">Cash and Cash Equivalents, at Carrying Value</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xml:lang="en-US">Cash and cash equivalents</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xml:lang="en-US">Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xml:lang="en-US">Cash and cash equivalents at end of year</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent" xml:lang="en-US">Receivables, Net, Current</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent" xml:lang="en-US">Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $0 at July 31, 2017 and 2016</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseCurrent" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseCurrent" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseCurrent" xml:lang="en-US">Prepaid Expense, Current</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseCurrent" xml:lang="en-US">Prepaid expenses</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseCurrent" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseCurrent"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent" xml:lang="en-US">Other Assets, Current</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent" xml:lang="en-US">Other current assets</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" xml:lang="en-US">Assets, Current</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" xml:lang="en-US">TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xml:lang="en-US">Property, Plant and Equipment, Net</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xml:lang="en-US">Property and equipment, net</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xml:lang="en-US">Total</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_Goodwill" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_Goodwill" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_Goodwill" xml:lang="en-US">Goodwill</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_Goodwill" xml:lang="en-US">Goodwill</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_Goodwill" xml:lang="en-US">Beginning Balance</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_Goodwill" xml:lang="en-US">Ending Balance</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_Goodwill" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_Goodwill"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" xml:lang="en-US">Other Assets, Noncurrent</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" xml:lang="en-US">Other assets</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_Assets" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_Assets" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_Assets" xml:lang="en-US">Total assets</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_Assets" xml:lang="en-US">Total assets</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_Assets" xml:lang="en-US">TOTAL ASSETS</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_Assets" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_Assets"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Liabilities and Equity [Abstract]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Liabilities, Current [Abstract]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">CURRENT LIABILITIES:</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts Payable, Current</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" xml:lang="en-US">Trade accounts payable</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued Liabilities, Current</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued expenses</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xml:lang="en-US">Total accrued expenses</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredRevenueCurrent" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_DeferredRevenueCurrent" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_DeferredRevenueCurrent" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred Revenue, Current</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_DeferredRevenueCurrent" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred revenue</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_DeferredRevenueCurrent" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_DeferredRevenueCurrent"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DueToRelatedPartiesCurrent" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_DueToRelatedPartiesCurrent" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_DueToRelatedPartiesCurrent" xml:lang="en-US">Due to IDT Corporation</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_DueToRelatedPartiesCurrent" xml:lang="en-US">Due to IDT Corporation</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_DueToRelatedPartiesCurrent" xml:lang="en-US">Balance at beginning of year</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_DueToRelatedPartiesCurrent" xml:lang="en-US">Balance at end of year</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_DueToRelatedPartiesCurrent" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_DueToRelatedPartiesCurrent"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xml:lang="en-US">Liabilities, Current</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xml:lang="en-US">TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_Liabilities" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_Liabilities" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_Liabilities" xml:lang="en-US">Liabilities</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_Liabilities" xml:lang="en-US">TOTAL LIABILITIES</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_Liabilities" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_Liabilities"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies" xml:lang="en-US">Commitments and Contingencies</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies" xml:lang="en-US">Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Stockholders' Equity Attributable to Parent [Abstract]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY:</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PreferredStockValue" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_PreferredStockValue" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_PreferredStockValue" xml:lang="en-US">Preferred Stock, Value, Issued</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_PreferredStockValue" xml:lang="en-US">Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; authorized shares-2,400; no shares issued</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_PreferredStockValue" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_PreferredStockValue"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockValue" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_CommonStockValue" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_CommonStockValue" xml:lang="en-US">Common Stock, Value, Issued</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_CommonStockValue" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock, value</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_CommonStockValue" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_CommonStockValue"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital" xml:lang="en-US">Additional Paid in Capital</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital" xml:lang="en-US">Additional paid-in capital</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xml:lang="en-US">Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xml:lang="en-US">Accumulated other comprehensive loss</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" xml:lang="en-US">Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" xml:lang="en-US">Accumulated deficit</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xml:lang="en-US">Stockholders' Equity Attributable to Parent</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xml:lang="en-US">TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xml:lang="en-US">Balance</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xml:lang="en-US">Balance</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xml:lang="en-US">Liabilities and Equity</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xml:lang="en-US">TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent" xml:lang="en-US">Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Receivable, Current</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent" xml:lang="en-US">Allowance for doubtful accounts</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xml:lang="en-US">Preferred Stock, Par or Stated Value Per Share</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xml:lang="en-US">Preferred stock, par value</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized" xml:lang="en-US">Preferred Stock, Shares Authorized</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized" xml:lang="en-US">Preferred stock, shares authorized</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued" xml:lang="en-US">Preferred Stock, Shares Issued</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued" xml:lang="en-US">Preferred stock, shares issued</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xml:lang="en-US">Common Stock, Par or Stated Value Per Share</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock, par value</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized" xml:lang="en-US">Common Stock, Shares Authorized</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock, shares authorized</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued" xml:lang="en-US">Common Stock, Shares, Issued</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock, shares issued</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" xml:lang="en-US">Common Stock, Shares, Outstanding</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock, shares outstanding</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Income Statement [Abstract]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Abstract]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_Revenues" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_Revenues" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_Revenues" xml:lang="en-US">Revenues</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_Revenues" xml:lang="en-US">REVENUES</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_Revenues" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_Revenues"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Operating Expenses [Abstract]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">COSTS AND EXPENSES:</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CostOfRevenue" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_CostOfRevenue" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_CostOfRevenue" xml:lang="en-US">Cost of Revenue</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_CostOfRevenue" xml:lang="en-US">Direct cost of revenue (exclusive of amortization of capitalized software and technology development costs included below)</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_CostOfRevenue" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_CostOfRevenue"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" xml:lang="en-US">Selling, General and Administrative Expense</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" xml:lang="en-US">Selling, general and administrative</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" xml:lang="en-US">Selling, general and administrative expense</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization" xml:lang="en-US">Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization, Nonproduction</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization" xml:lang="en-US">Depreciation and amortization</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization" xml:lang="en-US">Depreciation and amortization expense</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1" xml:lang="en-US">Gain (Loss) on Disposition of Assets</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1" xml:lang="en-US">Write-off of capitalized software and technology development costs</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" xml:lang="en-US">Operating Income (Loss)</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" xml:lang="en-US">Income from operations</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" xml:lang="en-US">(LOSS) INCOME FROM OPERATIONS</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_InterestIncomeExpenseNet" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_InterestIncomeExpenseNet" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_InterestIncomeExpenseNet" xml:lang="en-US">Interest Income (Expense), Net</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_InterestIncomeExpenseNet" xml:lang="en-US">Interest and other income</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_InterestIncomeExpenseNet" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_InterestIncomeExpenseNet"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax" xml:lang="en-US">Foreign Currency Transaction Gain (Loss), before Tax</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax" xml:lang="en-US">Net gain (loss) resulting from foreign exchange transactions</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments" xml:lang="en-US">Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations before Equity Method Investments, Income Taxes, Noncontrolling Interest</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments" xml:lang="en-US">(Loss) income before income taxes</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments" xml:lang="en-US">(LOSS) INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xml:lang="en-US">Income Tax Expense (Benefit)</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xml:lang="en-US">(Provision for) benefit from income taxes</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xml:lang="en-US">Provision for income taxes</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xml:lang="en-US">(Benefit from) Provision for income taxes</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xml:lang="en-US">Benefit from (provision for) income taxes</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xml:lang="en-US">Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Parent</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xml:lang="en-US">Net (loss) income</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xml:lang="en-US">NET (LOSS) INCOME</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPeriodIncreaseDecreaseAbstract" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPeriodIncreaseDecreaseAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPeriodIncreaseDecreaseAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Abstract]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPeriodIncreaseDecreaseAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Other comprehensive income (loss):</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPeriodIncreaseDecreaseAbstract" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPeriodIncreaseDecreaseAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax" xml:lang="en-US">Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Foreign Currency Transaction and Translation Gain (Loss) Arising During Period, Net of Tax</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax" xml:lang="en-US">Changes in foreign currency translation adjustment</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax" xml:lang="en-US">Foreign currency translation adjustments</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xml:lang="en-US">Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xml:lang="en-US">TOTAL OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" xml:lang="en-US">Total comprehensive income</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" xml:lang="en-US">Total comprehensive income</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" xml:lang="en-US">TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" xml:lang="en-US">Total comprehensive income</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Earnings Per Share [Abstract]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">(Loss) earnings per share attributable to Zedge, Inc. common stockholders:</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic" xml:lang="en-US">Earnings Per Share, Basic</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic" xml:lang="en-US">Basic</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted" xml:lang="en-US">Earnings Per Share, Diluted</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted" xml:lang="en-US">Diluted</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedOtherDisclosuresAbstract" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedOtherDisclosuresAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedOtherDisclosuresAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted, Other Disclosures [Abstract]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedOtherDisclosuresAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted-average number of shares used in calculation of (loss) earnings per share:</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedOtherDisclosuresAbstract" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedOtherDisclosuresAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, Basic</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic" xml:lang="en-US">Basic</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic" xml:lang="en-US">Basic weighted-average number of shares</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, Diluted</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" xml:lang="en-US">Diluted</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" xml:lang="en-US">Diluted weighted-average number of shares</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" xml:lang="en-US">Diluted weighted-average number of shares</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementOfStockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_StatementOfStockholdersEquityAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_StatementOfStockholdersEquityAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_StatementOfStockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_StatementOfStockholdersEquityAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis" xml:lang="en-US">Equity Components [Axis]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain" xml:lang="en-US">Equity Component [Domain]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" xml:lang="en-US">Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" xml:lang="en-US">Additional Paid-in Capital</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember" xml:lang="en-US">AOCI Attributable to Parent [Member]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember" xml:lang="en-US">Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember" xml:lang="en-US">Retained Earnings [Member]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember" xml:lang="en-US">Accumulated Deficit</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SharesOutstanding" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding" xml:lang="en-US">Shares, Outstanding</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding" xml:lang="en-US">Balance, shares</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding" xml:lang="en-US">Balance, shares</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_ReclassificationOfMezzanineEquity" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_ReclassificationOfMezzanineEquity" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_ReclassificationOfMezzanineEquity" xml:lang="en-US">Reclassification Of Mezzanine Equity</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_ReclassificationOfMezzanineEquity" xml:lang="en-US">Reclassification of mezzanine equity</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_ReclassificationOfMezzanineEquity" xml:lang="en-US">Reclassification of mezzanine equity</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_ReclassificationOfMezzanineEquity" xml:lang="en-US">Reclassification of mezzanine equity.</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_ReclassificationOfMezzanineEquity" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_ReclassificationOfMezzanineEquity"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues" xml:lang="en-US">Stock Issued During Period, Value, New Issues</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues" xml:lang="en-US">Sale of equity prior to the Spin-Off</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" xml:lang="en-US">Stock Issued During Period, Shares, New Issues</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" xml:lang="en-US">Sale of equity prior to the Spin-Off, shares</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised" xml:lang="en-US">Stock Issued During Period, Value, Stock Options Exercised</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised" xml:lang="en-US">Exercise of stock options</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" xml:lang="en-US">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Exercises in Period</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" xml:lang="en-US">Exercise of stock options, shares</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" xml:lang="en-US">Exercised, Number of Options</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" xml:lang="en-US">Exercised, Number of Options</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" xml:lang="en-US">Share-based Compensation</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" xml:lang="en-US">Stock-based compensation</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/positiveLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" xml:lang="en-US">Stock-based compensation expense</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation" xml:lang="en-US">Stock Issued During Period, Shares, Share-based Compensation, Net of Forfeitures</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation" xml:lang="en-US">Stock-based compensation, shares</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation" xml:lang="en-US">Stock-based compensation, shares</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeBenefitPlan" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeBenefitPlan" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeBenefitPlan" xml:lang="en-US">Stock Issued During Period, Value, Employee Benefit Plan</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeBenefitPlan" xml:lang="en-US">Stock issued for matching contributions to the 401(k) Plan</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeBenefitPlan" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeBenefitPlan"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesEmployeeBenefitPlan" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesEmployeeBenefitPlan" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesEmployeeBenefitPlan" xml:lang="en-US">Stock Issued During Period, Shares, Employee Benefit Plan</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesEmployeeBenefitPlan" xml:lang="en-US">Contributed plan, shares issued</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesEmployeeBenefitPlan" xml:lang="en-US">Stock issued for matching contributions to the 401(k) Plan, shares</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesEmployeeBenefitPlan" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesEmployeeBenefitPlan"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax" xml:lang="en-US">Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Foreign Currency Transaction and Translation Adjustment, Net of Tax</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax" xml:lang="en-US">Foreign currency translation adjustment</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Statement of Cash Flows [Abstract]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities, Continuing Operations [Abstract]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">OPERATING ACTIVITIES</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Adjustments to Reconcile Net Income (Loss) to Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities [Abstract]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxesAndTaxCredits" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxesAndTaxCredits" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxesAndTaxCredits" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred Income Taxes and Tax Credits</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxesAndTaxCredits" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred income taxes</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxesAndTaxCredits" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxesAndTaxCredits"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Increase (Decrease) in Operating Capital [Abstract]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Change in assets and liabilities:</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable" xml:lang="en-US">Increase (Decrease) in Accounts Receivable</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable" xml:lang="en-US">Trade accounts receivable</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable" xml:lang="en-US">Trade accounts receivable</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets" xml:lang="en-US">Increase (Decrease) in Prepaid Expense and Other Assets</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets" xml:lang="en-US">Prepaid expenses and other current assets</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets" xml:lang="en-US">Prepaid expenses and other current assets</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherOperatingAssets" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherOperatingAssets" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherOperatingAssets" xml:lang="en-US">Increase (Decrease) in Other Operating Assets</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherOperatingAssets" xml:lang="en-US">Other assets</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherOperatingAssets" xml:lang="en-US">Other assets</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherOperatingAssets" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherOperatingAssets"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" xml:lang="en-US">Increase (Decrease) in Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" xml:lang="en-US">Trade accounts payable and accrued expenses</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDueToRelatedPartiesCurrent" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDueToRelatedPartiesCurrent" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDueToRelatedPartiesCurrent" xml:lang="en-US">Increase (Decrease) in Due to Related Parties, Current</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDueToRelatedPartiesCurrent" xml:lang="en-US">Due to IDT Corporation</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDueToRelatedPartiesCurrent" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDueToRelatedPartiesCurrent"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDeferredRevenue" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDeferredRevenue" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDeferredRevenue" xml:lang="en-US">Increase (Decrease) in Deferred Revenue</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDeferredRevenue" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred revenue</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDeferredRevenue" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDeferredRevenue"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xml:lang="en-US">Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xml:lang="en-US">Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities, Continuing Operations [Abstract]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">INVESTING ACTIVITIES</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsToDevelopSoftware" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_PaymentsToDevelopSoftware" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_PaymentsToDevelopSoftware" xml:lang="en-US">Payments to Develop Software</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_PaymentsToDevelopSoftware" xml:lang="en-US">Capitalized software and technology development costs and purchase of equipment</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_PaymentsToDevelopSoftware" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_PaymentsToDevelopSoftware"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" xml:lang="en-US">Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" xml:lang="en-US">Net cash used in investing activities</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities, Continuing Operations [Abstract]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">FINANCING ACTIVITIES</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds from Stock Options Exercised</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds from exercise of stock options</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised" xml:lang="en-US">Exercise of stock options</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfPrivatePlacement" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfPrivatePlacement" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfPrivatePlacement" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds from Issuance of Private Placement</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfPrivatePlacement" xml:lang="en-US">Sale of equity prior to the Spin-Off</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfPrivatePlacement" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfPrivatePlacement"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" xml:lang="en-US">Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" xml:lang="en-US">Net cash provided by financing activities</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashAndCashEquivalents" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashAndCashEquivalents" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashAndCashEquivalents" xml:lang="en-US">Effect of Exchange Rate on Cash and Cash Equivalents</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashAndCashEquivalents" xml:lang="en-US">Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashAndCashEquivalents" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashAndCashEquivalents"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecrease" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecrease" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecrease" xml:lang="en-US">Cash and Cash Equivalents, Period Increase (Decrease)</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecrease" xml:lang="en-US">Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecrease" xml:lang="en-US">Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecrease" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecrease"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Supplemental Cash Flow Information [Abstract]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaid" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaid" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaid" xml:lang="en-US">Income Taxes Paid</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaid" xml:lang="en-US">Cash payments made for income taxes</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaid" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaid"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CashFlowNoncashInvestingAndFinancingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_CashFlowNoncashInvestingAndFinancingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_CashFlowNoncashInvestingAndFinancingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Cash Flow, Noncash Investing and Financing Activities Disclosure [Abstract]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_CashFlowNoncashInvestingAndFinancingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">SUPPLEMENTAL SCHEDULE OF NON-CASH FINANCING ACTIVITIES</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_CashFlowNoncashInvestingAndFinancingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_CashFlowNoncashInvestingAndFinancingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_ReceivableForExerciseOfStockOptions" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_ReceivableForExerciseOfStockOptions" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_ReceivableForExerciseOfStockOptions" xml:lang="en-US">Receivable For Exercise Of Stock Options</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_ReceivableForExerciseOfStockOptions" xml:lang="en-US">Receivable for exercise of stock options</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_ReceivableForExerciseOfStockOptions" xml:lang="en-US">Receivable for exercise of stock options.</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_ReceivableForExerciseOfStockOptions" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_ReceivableForExerciseOfStockOptions"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_BusinessDescriptionAndAccountingPoliciesTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_BusinessDescriptionAndAccountingPoliciesTextBlock" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_BusinessDescriptionAndAccountingPoliciesTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Business Description and Accounting Policies [Text Block]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_BusinessDescriptionAndAccountingPoliciesTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_BusinessDescriptionAndAccountingPoliciesTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_BusinessDescriptionAndAccountingPoliciesTextBlock"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value Measurements [Abstract]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value Measurements</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsAndHedgingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsAndHedgingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsAndHedgingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Derivative Instruments [Abstract]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsAndHedgingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsAndHedgingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsAndHedgingActivitiesDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsAndHedgingActivitiesDisclosureTextBlock" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsAndHedgingActivitiesDisclosureTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Text Block]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsAndHedgingActivitiesDisclosureTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Derivative Instruments</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsAndHedgingActivitiesDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsAndHedgingActivitiesDisclosureTextBlock"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Property and Equipment [Abstract]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Property, Plant and Equipment Disclosure [Text Block]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Property and Equipment</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Goodwill [Abstract]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_GoodwillDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_GoodwillDisclosureTextBlock" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_GoodwillDisclosureTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Goodwill Disclosure [Text Block]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_GoodwillDisclosureTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Goodwill</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_GoodwillDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_GoodwillDisclosureTextBlock"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued Expenses [Abstract]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities Disclosure [Text Block]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued Expenses</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_EquityAbstract" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_EquityAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_EquityAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Equity [Abstract]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_EquityAbstract" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_EquityAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Stockholders' Equity Note Disclosure [Text Block]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Equity</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Commitments and Contingencies [Abstract]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LegalMattersAndContingenciesTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_LegalMattersAndContingenciesTextBlock" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_LegalMattersAndContingenciesTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Legal Matters and Contingencies [Text Block]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_LegalMattersAndContingenciesTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Commitments and Contingencies</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_LegalMattersAndContingenciesTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_LegalMattersAndContingenciesTextBlock"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Income Taxes [Abstract]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Income Tax Disclosure [Text Block]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Income Taxes</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Stock-Based Compensation [Abstract]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Text Block]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Stock-Based Compensation</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsAbstract" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Related Party Transactions [Abstract]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsAbstract" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Related Party Transactions Disclosure [Text Block]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Related Party Transactions</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SegmentReportingAbstract" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_SegmentReportingAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_SegmentReportingAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Business Segment and Geographic Information [Abstract]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_SegmentReportingAbstract" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_SegmentReportingAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SegmentReportingDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_SegmentReportingDisclosureTextBlock" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_SegmentReportingDisclosureTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Segment Reporting Disclosure [Text Block]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_SegmentReportingDisclosureTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Business Segment and Geographic Information</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_SegmentReportingDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_SegmentReportingDisclosureTextBlock"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_RevolvingCreditFacilityAbstract" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_RevolvingCreditFacilityAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_RevolvingCreditFacilityAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Revolving Credit Facility [Abstract]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_RevolvingCreditFacilityAbstract" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_RevolvingCreditFacilityAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTextBlock" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Short-term Debt [Text Block]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Revolving Credit Facility</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTextBlock"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CompensationAndRetirementDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_CompensationAndRetirementDisclosureAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_CompensationAndRetirementDisclosureAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Defined Contribution Plan [Abstract]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_CompensationAndRetirementDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_CompensationAndRetirementDisclosureAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CompensationAndEmployeeBenefitPlansOtherThanShareBasedCompensationTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_CompensationAndEmployeeBenefitPlansOtherThanShareBasedCompensationTextBlock" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_CompensationAndEmployeeBenefitPlansOtherThanShareBasedCompensationTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Compensation and Employee Benefit Plans, Other than Share-based Compensation [Text Block]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_CompensationAndEmployeeBenefitPlansOtherThanShareBasedCompensationTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Defined Contribution Plan</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_CompensationAndEmployeeBenefitPlansOtherThanShareBasedCompensationTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_CompensationAndEmployeeBenefitPlansOtherThanShareBasedCompensationTextBlock"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventsAbstract" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_SubsequentEventsAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_SubsequentEventsAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Subsequent Event-Freeform Development, Inc. [Abstract]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_SubsequentEventsAbstract" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_SubsequentEventsAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventsTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_SubsequentEventsTextBlock" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_SubsequentEventsTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Subsequent Events [Text Block]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_SubsequentEventsTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Subsequent Event-Freeform Development, Inc.</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_SubsequentEventsTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_SubsequentEventsTextBlock"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_DescriptionOfBusinessPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_DescriptionOfBusinessPolicyTextBlock" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_DescriptionOfBusinessPolicyTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Description Of Business [Policy Text Block]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_DescriptionOfBusinessPolicyTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Description of Business</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_DescriptionOfBusinessPolicyTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Disclosure of accounting policy regarding description of business.</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_DescriptionOfBusinessPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_DescriptionOfBusinessPolicyTextBlock"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_CompanysSpinOffPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_CompanysSpinOffPolicyTextBlock" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_CompanysSpinOffPolicyTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Companys Spin Off [Policy Text Block]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_CompanysSpinOffPolicyTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">The Spin-Off</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_CompanysSpinOffPolicyTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Disclosure of accounting policy regarding the company's spin off.</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_CompanysSpinOffPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_CompanysSpinOffPolicyTextBlock"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Basis of Accounting, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Basis of Accounting</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_UseOfEstimates" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_UseOfEstimates" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_UseOfEstimates" xml:lang="en-US">Use of Estimates, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_UseOfEstimates" xml:lang="en-US">Use of Estimates</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_UseOfEstimates" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_UseOfEstimates"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueRecognitionPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_RevenueRecognitionPolicyTextBlock" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_RevenueRecognitionPolicyTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Revenue Recognition, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_RevenueRecognitionPolicyTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Revenue Recognition</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_RevenueRecognitionPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_RevenueRecognitionPolicyTextBlock"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk" xml:lang="en-US">Concentration Risk, Credit Risk, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk" xml:lang="en-US">Concentration of Credit Risk and Significant Customers</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CostOfSalesPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_CostOfSalesPolicyTextBlock" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_CostOfSalesPolicyTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Cost of Sales, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_CostOfSalesPolicyTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Direct Cost of Revenues</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_CostOfSalesPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_CostOfSalesPolicyTextBlock"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_LongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_LongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_LongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Long Lived Assets [Policy Text Block]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_LongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Long-Lived Assets</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_LongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Long-Lived Assets policy text block.</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_LongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_LongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ResearchDevelopmentAndComputerSoftwarePolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ResearchDevelopmentAndComputerSoftwarePolicyTextBlock" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ResearchDevelopmentAndComputerSoftwarePolicyTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Research, Development, and Computer Software, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ResearchDevelopmentAndComputerSoftwarePolicyTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Capitalized Software and Technology Development Costs</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ResearchDevelopmentAndComputerSoftwarePolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ResearchDevelopmentAndComputerSoftwarePolicyTextBlock"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsGoodwillPolicy" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsGoodwillPolicy" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsGoodwillPolicy" xml:lang="en-US">Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Goodwill, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsGoodwillPolicy" xml:lang="en-US">Goodwill</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsGoodwillPolicy" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsGoodwillPolicy"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Cash and Cash Equivalents</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Income Tax, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Income Taxes</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Commitments and Contingencies, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Contingencies</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Earnings Per Share, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Earnings Per Share</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy" xml:lang="en-US">Share-based Compensation, Option and Incentive Plans Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy" xml:lang="en-US">Stock-Based Compensation</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value Measurement, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value Measurements</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_DerivativeInstrumentsForeignExchangeForwardContractsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_DerivativeInstrumentsForeignExchangeForwardContractsPolicyTextBlock" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_DerivativeInstrumentsForeignExchangeForwardContractsPolicyTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Derivative Instruments Foreign Exchange Forward Contracts [Policy Text Block]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_DerivativeInstrumentsForeignExchangeForwardContractsPolicyTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Derivative Instruments - Foreign Exchange Forward Contracts</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_DerivativeInstrumentsForeignExchangeForwardContractsPolicyTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Disclosure of accounting policy regarding Derivative instruments foreign exchange forward contracts.</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_DerivativeInstrumentsForeignExchangeForwardContractsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_DerivativeInstrumentsForeignExchangeForwardContractsPolicyTextBlock"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Foreign Currency Transactions and Translations Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Functional Currency</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ReceivablesTradeAndOtherAccountsReceivableAllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsPolicy" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ReceivablesTradeAndOtherAccountsReceivableAllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsPolicy" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ReceivablesTradeAndOtherAccountsReceivableAllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsPolicy" xml:lang="en-US">Receivables, Trade and Other Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Doubtful Accounts, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ReceivablesTradeAndOtherAccountsReceivableAllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsPolicy" xml:lang="en-US">Allowance for Doubtful Accounts</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ReceivablesTradeAndOtherAccountsReceivableAllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsPolicy" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ReceivablesTradeAndOtherAccountsReceivableAllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsPolicy"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareDilutedByCommonClassTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareDilutedByCommonClassTextBlock" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareDilutedByCommonClassTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Diluted, by Common Class, Including Two Class Method [Table Text Block]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareDilutedByCommonClassTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of weighted-average number of shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareDilutedByCommonClassTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareDilutedByCommonClassTextBlock"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Table Text Block]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of shares were excluded from the diluted earnings per share</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Shares excluded from the diluted earnings per share computations</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis [Table Text Block]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Summary of balance of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfNotionalAmountsOfOutstandingDerivativePositionsTableTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ScheduleOfNotionalAmountsOfOutstandingDerivativePositionsTableTextBlock" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ScheduleOfNotionalAmountsOfOutstandingDerivativePositionsTableTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Notional Amounts of Outstanding Derivative Positions [Table Text Block]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ScheduleOfNotionalAmountsOfOutstandingDerivativePositionsTableTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of derivative instruments outstanding contracts</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ScheduleOfNotionalAmountsOfOutstandingDerivativePositionsTableTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ScheduleOfNotionalAmountsOfOutstandingDerivativePositionsTableTextBlock"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfDerivativeInstrumentsInStatementOfFinancialPositionFairValueTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ScheduleOfDerivativeInstrumentsInStatementOfFinancialPositionFairValueTextBlock" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ScheduleOfDerivativeInstrumentsInStatementOfFinancialPositionFairValueTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Derivative Instruments in Statement of Financial Position, Fair Value [Table Text Block]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ScheduleOfDerivativeInstrumentsInStatementOfFinancialPositionFairValueTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of fair value of derivative assets and liabilities</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ScheduleOfDerivativeInstrumentsInStatementOfFinancialPositionFairValueTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ScheduleOfDerivativeInstrumentsInStatementOfFinancialPositionFairValueTextBlock"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfDerivativesInstrumentsStatementsOfFinancialPerformanceAndFinancialPositionLocationTableTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ScheduleOfDerivativesInstrumentsStatementsOfFinancialPerformanceAndFinancialPositionLocationTableTextBlock" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ScheduleOfDerivativesInstrumentsStatementsOfFinancialPerformanceAndFinancialPositionLocationTableTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Derivatives Instruments Statements of Financial Performance and Financial Position, Location [Table Text Block]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ScheduleOfDerivativesInstrumentsStatementsOfFinancialPerformanceAndFinancialPositionLocationTableTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of derivative instruments on consolidated statements of comprehensive income</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ScheduleOfDerivativesInstrumentsStatementsOfFinancialPerformanceAndFinancialPositionLocationTableTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ScheduleOfDerivativesInstrumentsStatementsOfFinancialPerformanceAndFinancialPositionLocationTableTextBlock"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Property, Plant and Equipment [Table Text Block]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of property and equipment</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfIntangibleAssetsAndGoodwillTableTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ScheduleOfIntangibleAssetsAndGoodwillTableTextBlock" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ScheduleOfIntangibleAssetsAndGoodwillTableTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Intangible Assets and Goodwill [Table Text Block]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ScheduleOfIntangibleAssetsAndGoodwillTableTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of change in carrying amount of goodwill</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ScheduleOfIntangibleAssetsAndGoodwillTableTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ScheduleOfIntangibleAssetsAndGoodwillTableTextBlock"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Accrued Liabilities [Table Text Block]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Summary of accrued expenses</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_ScheduleOfMezzanineEquityTableTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_ScheduleOfMezzanineEquityTableTextBlock" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_ScheduleOfMezzanineEquityTableTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule Of Mezzanine Equity [Table Text Block]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_ScheduleOfMezzanineEquityTableTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Summary of changes in the components of equity</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_ScheduleOfMezzanineEquityTableTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Tabular disclosure of changes in mezzanine equity.</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_ScheduleOfMezzanineEquityTableTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_ScheduleOfMezzanineEquityTableTextBlock"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfFutureMinimumRentalPaymentsForOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ScheduleOfFutureMinimumRentalPaymentsForOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ScheduleOfFutureMinimumRentalPaymentsForOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Future Minimum Rental Payments for Operating Leases [Table Text Block]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ScheduleOfFutureMinimumRentalPaymentsForOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Summary of future contractual obligations and other commercial commitments</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ScheduleOfFutureMinimumRentalPaymentsForOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ScheduleOfFutureMinimumRentalPaymentsForOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfIncomeBeforeIncomeTaxDomesticAndForeignTableTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ScheduleOfIncomeBeforeIncomeTaxDomesticAndForeignTableTextBlock" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ScheduleOfIncomeBeforeIncomeTaxDomesticAndForeignTableTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Income before Income Tax, Domestic and Foreign [Table Text Block]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ScheduleOfIncomeBeforeIncomeTaxDomesticAndForeignTableTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of components of income before income taxes</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ScheduleOfIncomeBeforeIncomeTaxDomesticAndForeignTableTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of income (loss) before income taxes</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ScheduleOfIncomeBeforeIncomeTaxDomesticAndForeignTableTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ScheduleOfIncomeBeforeIncomeTaxDomesticAndForeignTableTextBlock"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit) [Table Text Block]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of provision for income taxes</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Table Text Block]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of differences between income taxes expected at the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate and income taxes report</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities [Table Text Block]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SummaryOfValuationAllowanceTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_SummaryOfValuationAllowanceTextBlock" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_SummaryOfValuationAllowanceTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Summary of Valuation Allowance [Table Text Block]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_SummaryOfValuationAllowanceTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of change in the valuation allowance</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_SummaryOfValuationAllowanceTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_SummaryOfValuationAllowanceTextBlock"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedPaymentAwardStockOptionsValuationAssumptionsTableTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedPaymentAwardStockOptionsValuationAssumptionsTableTextBlock" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedPaymentAwardStockOptionsValuationAssumptionsTableTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Share-based Payment Award, Stock Options, Valuation Assumptions [Table Text Block]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedPaymentAwardStockOptionsValuationAssumptionsTableTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Summary of weighted average assumptions in BSM pricing model</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedPaymentAwardStockOptionsValuationAssumptionsTableTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedPaymentAwardStockOptionsValuationAssumptionsTableTextBlock"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Stock Options, Activity [Table Text Block]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Summary of stock option activity</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsTableTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsTableTextBlock" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsTableTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Related Party Transactions [Table Text Block]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsTableTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of change in Company's liability to IDT</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsTableTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsTableTextBlock"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LongLivedAssetsByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_LongLivedAssetsByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_LongLivedAssetsByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Long-lived Assets by Geographic Areas [Table Text Block]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_LongLivedAssetsByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of net long-lived assets and total assets by geographic areas</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_LongLivedAssetsByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_LongLivedAssetsByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingDilutedDisclosureItemsAbstract" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingDilutedDisclosureItemsAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingDilutedDisclosureItemsAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding Reconciliation [Abstract]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingDilutedDisclosureItemsAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted-average number of shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to the Company's common stockholders consists of the following:</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingDilutedDisclosureItemsAbstract" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingDilutedDisclosureItemsAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberDilutedSharesOutstandingAdjustmentAbstract" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberDilutedSharesOutstandingAdjustmentAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberDilutedSharesOutstandingAdjustmentAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Incremental Weighted Average Shares Attributable to Dilutive Effect [Abstract]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberDilutedSharesOutstandingAdjustmentAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Effect of dilutive securities:</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberDilutedSharesOutstandingAdjustmentAbstract" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberDilutedSharesOutstandingAdjustmentAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToCallOptionsAndWarrants" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToCallOptionsAndWarrants" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToCallOptionsAndWarrants" xml:lang="en-US">Incremental Common Shares Attributable to Dilutive Effect of Call Options and Warrants</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToCallOptionsAndWarrants" xml:lang="en-US">Stock options</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToCallOptionsAndWarrants" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToCallOptionsAndWarrants"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends" xml:lang="en-US">Incremental Common Shares Attributable to Dilutive Effect of Nonvested Shares with Forfeitable Dividends</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends" xml:lang="en-US">Non-vested restricted Class B common stock</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTable" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTable" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTable" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Table]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTable" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTable"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis" xml:lang="en-US">Antidilutive Securities [Axis]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesNameDomain" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesNameDomain" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesNameDomain" xml:lang="en-US">Antidilutive Securities, Name [Domain]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesNameDomain" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesNameDomain"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember" xml:lang="en-US">Employee Stock Option [Member]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember" xml:lang="en-US">Stock options [Member]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_NonVestedRestrictedClassBCommonStockMember" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_NonVestedRestrictedClassBCommonStockMember" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_NonVestedRestrictedClassBCommonStockMember" xml:lang="en-US">Non Vested Restricted Class B Common Stock [Member]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_NonVestedRestrictedClassBCommonStockMember" xml:lang="en-US">Non-vested restricted Class B common stock [Member]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_NonVestedRestrictedClassBCommonStockMember" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_NonVestedRestrictedClassBCommonStockMember"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems" xml:lang="en-US">Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount" xml:lang="en-US">Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share, Amount</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount" xml:lang="en-US">Shares excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_DescriptionOfBusinessAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesTable" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_DescriptionOfBusinessAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesTable" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_DescriptionOfBusinessAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesTable" xml:lang="en-US">Description Of Business And Significant Accounting Policies [Table]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_DescriptionOfBusinessAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesTable" xml:lang="en-US">Description of business and significant accounting policies Table.</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_DescriptionOfBusinessAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesTable" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_DescriptionOfBusinessAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesTable"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis" xml:lang="en-US">Concentration Risk Benchmark [Axis]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain" xml:lang="en-US">Concentration Risk Benchmark [Domain]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember" xml:lang="en-US">Sales Revenue, Net [Member]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember" xml:lang="en-US">Revenue [Member]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts Receivable [Member]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts receivable [Member]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ProductOrServiceAxis" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ProductOrServiceAxis" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ProductOrServiceAxis" xml:lang="en-US">Products and Services [Axis]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ProductOrServiceAxis" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ProductOrServiceAxis"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ProductsAndServicesDomain" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ProductsAndServicesDomain" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ProductsAndServicesDomain" xml:lang="en-US">Products and Services [Domain]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ProductsAndServicesDomain" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ProductsAndServicesDomain"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_CustomerOneMember" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_CustomerOneMember" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_CustomerOneMember" xml:lang="en-US">Customer One [Member]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_CustomerOneMember" xml:lang="en-US">Customer one [Member]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_CustomerOneMember" xml:lang="en-US">Customer one.</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_CustomerOneMember" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_CustomerOneMember"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_CustomerTwoMember" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_CustomerTwoMember" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_CustomerTwoMember" xml:lang="en-US">Customer Two [Member]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_CustomerTwoMember" xml:lang="en-US">Customer two [Member]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_CustomerTwoMember" xml:lang="en-US">Customer two.</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_CustomerTwoMember" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_CustomerTwoMember"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_CustomerThreeMember" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_CustomerThreeMember" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_CustomerThreeMember" xml:lang="en-US">Customer Three [Member]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_CustomerThreeMember" xml:lang="en-US">Customer three [Member]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_CustomerThreeMember" xml:lang="en-US">Customer three.</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_CustomerThreeMember" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_CustomerThreeMember"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis" xml:lang="en-US">Property, Plant and Equipment, Type [Axis]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain" xml:lang="en-US">Property, Plant and Equipment, Type [Domain]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SoftwareAndSoftwareDevelopmentCostsMember" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_SoftwareAndSoftwareDevelopmentCostsMember" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_SoftwareAndSoftwareDevelopmentCostsMember" xml:lang="en-US">Software and Software Development Costs [Member]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_SoftwareAndSoftwareDevelopmentCostsMember" xml:lang="en-US">Capitalized software and technology development costs [Member]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_SoftwareAndSoftwareDevelopmentCostsMember" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_SoftwareAndSoftwareDevelopmentCostsMember"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOtherTypesMember" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOtherTypesMember" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOtherTypesMember" xml:lang="en-US">Property, Plant and Equipment, Other Types [Member]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOtherTypesMember" xml:lang="en-US">Other property and equipment [Member]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOtherTypesMember" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOtherTypesMember"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_DescriptionOfBusinessAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesLineItems" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_DescriptionOfBusinessAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesLineItems" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_DescriptionOfBusinessAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesLineItems" xml:lang="en-US">Description Of Business And Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_DescriptionOfBusinessAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesLineItems" xml:lang="en-US">Description Of Business And Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_DescriptionOfBusinessAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesLineItems" xml:lang="en-US">Description of business and significant accounting policies line items.</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_DescriptionOfBusinessAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesLineItems" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_DescriptionOfBusinessAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesLineItems"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_BasisOfPresentationTextualAbstract" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_BasisOfPresentationTextualAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_BasisOfPresentationTextualAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Basis Of Presentation Textual [Abstract]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_BasisOfPresentationTextualAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Textual)</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_BasisOfPresentationTextualAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Basis of Presentation.</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_BasisOfPresentationTextualAbstract" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_BasisOfPresentationTextualAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" xml:lang="en-US">Concentration Risk, Percentage</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" xml:lang="en-US">Concentration risk, percentage</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_NumberOfCustomers" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_NumberOfCustomers" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_NumberOfCustomers" xml:lang="en-US">Number Of Customers</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_NumberOfCustomers" xml:lang="en-US">Number of customers</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_NumberOfCustomers" xml:lang="en-US">Number of customers.</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_NumberOfCustomers" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_NumberOfCustomers"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife" xml:lang="en-US">Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife" xml:lang="en-US">Estimated useful lives of long-lived assets</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife" xml:lang="en-US">Estimated useful lives of Long-Lived assets</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentEstimatedUsefulLives" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentEstimatedUsefulLives" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentEstimatedUsefulLives" xml:lang="en-US">Property, Plant and Equipment, Estimated Useful Lives</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentEstimatedUsefulLives" xml:lang="en-US">Estimated useful lives of long-lived assets</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentEstimatedUsefulLives" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentEstimatedUsefulLives"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments" xml:lang="en-US">Number of Reportable Segments</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments" xml:lang="en-US">Number of segments</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherInformationPertainingToIncomeTaxes" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_OtherInformationPertainingToIncomeTaxes" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_OtherInformationPertainingToIncomeTaxes" xml:lang="en-US">Other Information Pertaining to Income Taxes</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_OtherInformationPertainingToIncomeTaxes" xml:lang="en-US">Description pertaining to income tax</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_OtherInformationPertainingToIncomeTaxes" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_OtherInformationPertainingToIncomeTaxes"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value Measurements, Recurring and Nonrecurring [Table]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis" xml:lang="en-US">Measurement Frequency [Axis]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementFrequencyDomain" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementFrequencyDomain" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementFrequencyDomain" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value, Measurement Frequency [Domain]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementFrequencyDomain" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementFrequencyDomain"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value Measurements, Recurring [Member]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value, Hierarchy [Axis]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value Hierarchy [Domain]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member" xml:lang="en-US">Level 1 [Member]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member" xml:lang="en-US">Level 2 [Member]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member" xml:lang="en-US">Level 3 [Member]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Assets:</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyContractAssetFairValueDisclosure" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyContractAssetFairValueDisclosure" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyContractAssetFairValueDisclosure" xml:lang="en-US">Foreign Currency Contract, Asset, Fair Value Disclosure</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyContractAssetFairValueDisclosure" xml:lang="en-US">Foreign exchange forward contracts</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyContractAssetFairValueDisclosure" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyContractAssetFairValueDisclosure"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosureAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosureAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Liabilities, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosureAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Liabilities:</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosureAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyContractsLiabilityFairValueDisclosure" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyContractsLiabilityFairValueDisclosure" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyContractsLiabilityFairValueDisclosure" xml:lang="en-US">Foreign Currency Contracts, Liability, Fair Value Disclosure</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyContractsLiabilityFairValueDisclosure" xml:lang="en-US">Foreign exchange forward contracts</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyContractsLiabilityFairValueDisclosure" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyContractsLiabilityFairValueDisclosure"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsGainLossByHedgingRelationshipByIncomeStatementLocationByDerivativeInstrumentRiskTable" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsGainLossByHedgingRelationshipByIncomeStatementLocationByDerivativeInstrumentRiskTable" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsGainLossByHedgingRelationshipByIncomeStatementLocationByDerivativeInstrumentRiskTable" xml:lang="en-US">Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Table]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsGainLossByHedgingRelationshipByIncomeStatementLocationByDerivativeInstrumentRiskTable" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsGainLossByHedgingRelationshipByIncomeStatementLocationByDerivativeInstrumentRiskTable"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis" xml:lang="en-US">Derivative Instrument [Axis]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DerivativeContractTypeDomain" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_DerivativeContractTypeDomain" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_DerivativeContractTypeDomain" xml:lang="en-US">Derivative Contract [Domain]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_DerivativeContractTypeDomain" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_DerivativeContractTypeDomain"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_AugustTwoZeroOneSevenMember" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_AugustTwoZeroOneSevenMember" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_AugustTwoZeroOneSevenMember" xml:lang="en-US">August Two Zero One Seven [Member]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_AugustTwoZeroOneSevenMember" xml:lang="en-US">August 2017 [Member]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_AugustTwoZeroOneSevenMember" xml:lang="en-US">August two zero one seven member.</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_AugustTwoZeroOneSevenMember" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_AugustTwoZeroOneSevenMember"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_SeptemberTwoZeroOneSevenMember" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_SeptemberTwoZeroOneSevenMember" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_SeptemberTwoZeroOneSevenMember" xml:lang="en-US">September Two Zero One Seven [Member]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_SeptemberTwoZeroOneSevenMember" xml:lang="en-US">September 2017 [Member]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_SeptemberTwoZeroOneSevenMember" xml:lang="en-US">September two zero one seven member.</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_SeptemberTwoZeroOneSevenMember" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_SeptemberTwoZeroOneSevenMember"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DerivativeLineItems" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_DerivativeLineItems" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_DerivativeLineItems" xml:lang="en-US">Derivative [Line Items]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_DerivativeLineItems" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_DerivativeLineItems"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_MaturityOfForeignCurrencyDerivatives1" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_MaturityOfForeignCurrencyDerivatives1" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_MaturityOfForeignCurrencyDerivatives1" xml:lang="en-US">Maturity of Foreign Currency Derivatives</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_MaturityOfForeignCurrencyDerivatives1" xml:lang="en-US">Settlement date</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_MaturityOfForeignCurrencyDerivatives1" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_MaturityOfForeignCurrencyDerivatives1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_DerivativeUnderlyingAmount" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_DerivativeUnderlyingAmount" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_DerivativeUnderlyingAmount" xml:lang="en-US">Derivative Underlying Amount</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_DerivativeUnderlyingAmount" xml:lang="en-US">Amount</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_DerivativeUnderlyingAmount" xml:lang="en-US">Amount of underlying refers to the price on the security, commodity, index, or other variable specified by the contract.</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_DerivativeUnderlyingAmount" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_DerivativeUnderlyingAmount"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentsAbstract" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentsAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentsAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Derivative Instruments Not Designated as Hedging Instruments [Abstract]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentsAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Derivatives not designated or not qualifying as hedging instruments</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentsAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Derivatives not designated or not qualifying as hedging instruments</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentsAbstract" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentsAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyDerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentsAssetAtFairValue" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyDerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentsAssetAtFairValue" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyDerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentsAssetAtFairValue" xml:lang="en-US">Foreign Currency Derivative Instruments Not Designated as Hedging Instruments, Asset at Fair Value</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyDerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentsAssetAtFairValue" xml:lang="en-US">Assets Derivatives: Foreign exchange forward contracts</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyDerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentsAssetAtFairValue" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyDerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentsAssetAtFairValue"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyDerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentsLiabilityAtFairValue" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyDerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentsLiabilityAtFairValue" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyDerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentsLiabilityAtFairValue" xml:lang="en-US">Foreign Currency Derivative Instruments Not Designated as Hedging Instruments, Liability at Fair Value</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyDerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentsLiabilityAtFairValue" xml:lang="en-US">Liabilities Derivatives: Foreign exchange forward contracts</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyDerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentsLiabilityAtFairValue" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyDerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentsLiabilityAtFairValue"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_GainLossOnForeignCurrencyDerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstruments" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_GainLossOnForeignCurrencyDerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstruments" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_GainLossOnForeignCurrencyDerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstruments" xml:lang="en-US">Gain (Loss) on Foreign Currency Derivative Instruments Not Designated as Hedging Instruments</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_GainLossOnForeignCurrencyDerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstruments" xml:lang="en-US">Foreign exchange forward contracts</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_GainLossOnForeignCurrencyDerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstruments" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_GainLossOnForeignCurrencyDerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstruments"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CapitalizedComputerSoftwareGross" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_CapitalizedComputerSoftwareGross" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_CapitalizedComputerSoftwareGross" xml:lang="en-US">Capitalized Computer Software, Gross</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_CapitalizedComputerSoftwareGross" xml:lang="en-US">Capitalized software and technology development costs</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_CapitalizedComputerSoftwareGross" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_CapitalizedComputerSoftwareGross"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOther" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOther" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOther" xml:lang="en-US">Property, Plant and Equipment, Other, Gross</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOther" xml:lang="en-US">Other</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOther" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOther"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" xml:lang="en-US">Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" xml:lang="en-US">Property and equipment, gross</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment" xml:lang="en-US">Accumulated Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization, Property, Plant, and Equipment</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment" xml:lang="en-US">Less accumulated depreciation and amortization</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_PropertyAndEquipmentTextualAbstract" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_PropertyAndEquipmentTextualAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_PropertyAndEquipmentTextualAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Property And Equipment Textual [Abstract]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_PropertyAndEquipmentTextualAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Property and Equipment (Textual)</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_PropertyAndEquipmentTextualAbstract" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_PropertyAndEquipmentTextualAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets" xml:lang="en-US">Gain (Loss) on Disposition of Property Plant Equipment, Excluding Oil and Gas Property and Timber Property</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets" xml:lang="en-US">Write-off of capitalized software and technology development costs</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets" xml:lang="en-US">Technology services costs</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/definitionGuidance" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets" xml:lang="en-US">Capitalized costs software and technology development</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets" xml:lang="en-US">Write-off of capitalized software and technology development costs</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss" xml:lang="en-US">Goodwill, Foreign Currency Translation Gain (Loss)</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss" xml:lang="en-US">Foreign currency translation adjustments</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss" xml:lang="en-US">Foreign currency translation adjustments</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedVacationCurrent" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_AccruedVacationCurrent" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_AccruedVacationCurrent" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued Vacation, Current</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_AccruedVacationCurrent" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued vacation</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_AccruedVacationCurrent" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_AccruedVacationCurrent"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedPayrollTaxesCurrent" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_AccruedPayrollTaxesCurrent" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_AccruedPayrollTaxesCurrent" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued Payroll Taxes, Current</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_AccruedPayrollTaxesCurrent" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued payroll taxes</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_AccruedPayrollTaxesCurrent" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_AccruedPayrollTaxesCurrent"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedBonusesCurrent" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_AccruedBonusesCurrent" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_AccruedBonusesCurrent" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued Bonuses, Current</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_AccruedBonusesCurrent" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued payroll and bonuses</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_AccruedBonusesCurrent" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_AccruedBonusesCurrent"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_AccruedDirectCostCurrent" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_AccruedDirectCostCurrent" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_AccruedDirectCostCurrent" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued Direct Cost Current</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_AccruedDirectCostCurrent" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued direct cost of revenues</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_AccruedDirectCostCurrent" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued direct cost current.</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_AccruedDirectCostCurrent" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_AccruedDirectCostCurrent"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedAdvertisingCurrent" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_AccruedAdvertisingCurrent" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_AccruedAdvertisingCurrent" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued Advertising, Current</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_AccruedAdvertisingCurrent" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued advertising</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_AccruedAdvertisingCurrent" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_AccruedAdvertisingCurrent"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued Income Taxes, Current</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued income taxes</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued Professional Fees, Current</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued Professional fees</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xml:lang="en-US">Other Accrued Liabilities, Current</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xml:lang="en-US">Other</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTable" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTable" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTable" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Stock by Class [Table]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTable" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTable"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SeriesBPreferredStockMember" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_SeriesBPreferredStockMember" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_SeriesBPreferredStockMember" xml:lang="en-US">Series B Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_SeriesBPreferredStockMember" xml:lang="en-US">Series B Preferred Stock</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_SeriesBPreferredStockMember" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_SeriesBPreferredStockMember"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems" xml:lang="en-US">Class of Stock [Line Items]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_MezzanineEquityAbstract" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_MezzanineEquityAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_MezzanineEquityAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Mezzanine Equity [Abstract]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_MezzanineEquityAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">MEZZANINE EQUITY:</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_MezzanineEquityAbstract" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_MezzanineEquityAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_MezzanineEquityPreferredStock" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_MezzanineEquityPreferredStock" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_MezzanineEquityPreferredStock" xml:lang="en-US">Mezzanine Equity Preferred Stock</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_MezzanineEquityPreferredStock" xml:lang="en-US">Series B convertible preferred stock</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_MezzanineEquityPreferredStock" xml:lang="en-US">Beginning Balance</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_MezzanineEquityPreferredStock" xml:lang="en-US">Ending Balance</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_MezzanineEquityPreferredStock" xml:lang="en-US">Mezzanine equity preferred stock.</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_MezzanineEquityPreferredStock" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_MezzanineEquityPreferredStock"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_MezzanineEquityPreferredStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_MezzanineEquityPreferredStockSharesOutstanding" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_MezzanineEquityPreferredStockSharesOutstanding" xml:lang="en-US">Mezzanine Equity Preferred Stock Shares Outstanding</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_MezzanineEquityPreferredStockSharesOutstanding" xml:lang="en-US">Beginning Balance, Shares</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_MezzanineEquityPreferredStockSharesOutstanding" xml:lang="en-US">Ending Balance, Shares</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_MezzanineEquityPreferredStockSharesOutstanding" xml:lang="en-US">Mezzanine equity preferred stock shares outstanding.</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_MezzanineEquityPreferredStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_MezzanineEquityPreferredStockSharesOutstanding"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_ReclassificationsOfMezzanineEquity" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_ReclassificationsOfMezzanineEquity" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_ReclassificationsOfMezzanineEquity" xml:lang="en-US">Reclassifications Of Mezzanine Equity</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_ReclassificationsOfMezzanineEquity" xml:lang="en-US">Reclassification of mezzanine equity</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_ReclassificationsOfMezzanineEquity" xml:lang="en-US">Reclassifications of mezzanine equity.</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_ReclassificationsOfMezzanineEquity" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_ReclassificationsOfMezzanineEquity"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_ReclassificationOfMezzanineEquityShares" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_ReclassificationOfMezzanineEquityShares" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_ReclassificationOfMezzanineEquityShares" xml:lang="en-US">Reclassification Of Mezzanine Equity Shares</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_ReclassificationOfMezzanineEquityShares" xml:lang="en-US">Reclassification of mezzanine equity, Shares</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_ReclassificationOfMezzanineEquityShares" xml:lang="en-US">Reclassification of mezzanine equity shares.</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_ReclassificationOfMezzanineEquityShares" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_ReclassificationOfMezzanineEquityShares"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_EquityTextualAbstract" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_EquityTextualAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_EquityTextualAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Equity Textual [Abstract]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_EquityTextualAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Equity (Textual)</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_EquityTextualAbstract" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_EquityTextualAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockVotingRights" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_CommonStockVotingRights" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_CommonStockVotingRights" xml:lang="en-US">Common Stock, Voting Rights</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_CommonStockVotingRights" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock, voting rights</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_CommonStockVotingRights" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_CommonStockVotingRights"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds from Issuance of Common Stock</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock" xml:lang="en-US">Purchased amount of the common stock</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock" xml:lang="en-US">Purchase an aggregate common stock</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/definitionGuidance" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock" xml:lang="en-US">Capital stock</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_SalesOfStockPercentageOfOwnershipSold" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_SalesOfStockPercentageOfOwnershipSold" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_SalesOfStockPercentageOfOwnershipSold" xml:lang="en-US">Sales Of Stock Percentage Of Ownership Sold</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_SalesOfStockPercentageOfOwnershipSold" xml:lang="en-US">Percentage of capital stock</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_SalesOfStockPercentageOfOwnershipSold" xml:lang="en-US">Sale of stock percentage of ownership sold.</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_SalesOfStockPercentageOfOwnershipSold" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_SalesOfStockPercentageOfOwnershipSold"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_CommitmentsAndContingenciesTable" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_CommitmentsAndContingenciesTable" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_CommitmentsAndContingenciesTable" xml:lang="en-US">Commitments And Contingencies [Table]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_CommitmentsAndContingenciesTable" xml:lang="en-US">Commitments and contingencies.</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_CommitmentsAndContingenciesTable" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_CommitmentsAndContingenciesTable"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CollateralAxis" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_CollateralAxis" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_CollateralAxis" xml:lang="en-US">Collateral [Axis]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_CollateralAxis" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_CollateralAxis"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CollateralDomain" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_CollateralDomain" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_CollateralDomain" xml:lang="en-US">Collateral [Domain]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_CollateralDomain" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_CollateralDomain"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RealEstateMember" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_RealEstateMember" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_RealEstateMember" xml:lang="en-US">Real Estate [Member]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_RealEstateMember" xml:lang="en-US">Real estate leases [Member]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_RealEstateMember" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_RealEstateMember"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SoftwareServiceSupportAndMaintenanceArrangementMember" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_SoftwareServiceSupportAndMaintenanceArrangementMember" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_SoftwareServiceSupportAndMaintenanceArrangementMember" xml:lang="en-US">Software Service, Support and Maintenance Arrangement [Member]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_SoftwareServiceSupportAndMaintenanceArrangementMember" xml:lang="en-US">Software as a Service ("SaaS") license [Member]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_SoftwareServiceSupportAndMaintenanceArrangementMember" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_SoftwareServiceSupportAndMaintenanceArrangementMember"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_CommitmentsAndContingenciesLineItems" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_CommitmentsAndContingenciesLineItems" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_CommitmentsAndContingenciesLineItems" xml:lang="en-US">Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_CommitmentsAndContingenciesLineItems" xml:lang="en-US">Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_CommitmentsAndContingenciesLineItems" xml:lang="en-US">Commitments and contingencies.</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_CommitmentsAndContingenciesLineItems" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_CommitmentsAndContingenciesLineItems"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ContractualObligationFiscalYearMaturityAbstract" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ContractualObligationFiscalYearMaturityAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ContractualObligationFiscalYearMaturityAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Contractual Obligation, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ContractualObligationFiscalYearMaturityAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Year ended July 31,</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ContractualObligationFiscalYearMaturityAbstract" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ContractualObligationFiscalYearMaturityAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent" xml:lang="en-US">Operating Leases, Future Minimum Payments Due, Next Twelve Months</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent" xml:lang="en-US">2018</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears" xml:lang="en-US">Operating Leases, Future Minimum Payments, Due in Two Years</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears" xml:lang="en-US">2019</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueThereafter" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueThereafter" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueThereafter" xml:lang="en-US">Operating Leases, Future Minimum Payments, Due Thereafter</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueThereafter" xml:lang="en-US">Thereafter</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueThereafter" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueThereafter"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue" xml:lang="en-US">Operating Leases, Future Minimum Payments Due</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue" xml:lang="en-US">Total</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue" xml:lang="en-US">Total</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_CommitmentsAndContingenciesTextualAbstract" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_CommitmentsAndContingenciesTextualAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_CommitmentsAndContingenciesTextualAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Commitments And Contingencies Textual [Abstract]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_CommitmentsAndContingenciesTextualAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Commitments and Contingencies (Textual)</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_CommitmentsAndContingenciesTextualAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Commitments and contingencies.</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_CommitmentsAndContingenciesTextualAbstract" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_CommitmentsAndContingenciesTextualAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeasesRentExpenseNet" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesRentExpenseNet" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesRentExpenseNet" xml:lang="en-US">Operating Leases, Rent Expense, Net</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesRentExpenseNet" xml:lang="en-US">Rental expense under operating leases</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesRentExpenseNet" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesRentExpenseNet"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LossContingencyAllegations" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_LossContingencyAllegations" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_LossContingencyAllegations" xml:lang="en-US">Loss Contingency, Allegations</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_LossContingencyAllegations" xml:lang="en-US">Lawsuit, description</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_LossContingencyAllegations" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_LossContingencyAllegations"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LossContingencyDamagesSoughtValue" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_LossContingencyDamagesSoughtValue" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_LossContingencyDamagesSoughtValue" xml:lang="en-US">Loss Contingency, Damages Sought, Value</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_LossContingencyDamagesSoughtValue" xml:lang="en-US">Lawsuit approximate amount</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_LossContingencyDamagesSoughtValue" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_LossContingencyDamagesSoughtValue"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesDomestic" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesDomestic" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesDomestic" xml:lang="en-US">Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations before Income Taxes, Domestic</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesDomestic" xml:lang="en-US">Domestic</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesDomestic" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesDomestic"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesForeign" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesForeign" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesForeign" xml:lang="en-US">Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations before Income Taxes, Foreign</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesForeign" xml:lang="en-US">Foreign</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesForeign" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesForeign"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsAbstract" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Current Income Tax Expense (Benefit), Continuing Operations [Abstract]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Current:</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsAbstract" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CurrentForeignTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_CurrentForeignTaxExpenseBenefit" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_CurrentForeignTaxExpenseBenefit" xml:lang="en-US">Current Foreign Tax Expense (Benefit)</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_CurrentForeignTaxExpenseBenefit" xml:lang="en-US">Foreign</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_CurrentForeignTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_CurrentForeignTaxExpenseBenefit"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CurrentFederalTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_CurrentFederalTaxExpenseBenefit" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_CurrentFederalTaxExpenseBenefit" xml:lang="en-US">Current Federal Tax Expense (Benefit)</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_CurrentFederalTaxExpenseBenefit" xml:lang="en-US">Federal</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_CurrentFederalTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_CurrentFederalTaxExpenseBenefit"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CurrentStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_CurrentStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefit" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_CurrentStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefit" xml:lang="en-US">Current State and Local Tax Expense (Benefit)</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_CurrentStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefit" xml:lang="en-US">State</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_CurrentStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_CurrentStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefit"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xml:lang="en-US">Current Income Tax Expense (Benefit)</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xml:lang="en-US">Total current expense</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsAbstract" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred Income Tax Expense (Benefit), Continuing Operations [Abstract]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred:</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsAbstract" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredForeignIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_DeferredForeignIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_DeferredForeignIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred Foreign Income Tax Expense (Benefit)</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_DeferredForeignIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xml:lang="en-US">Foreign</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_DeferredForeignIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_DeferredForeignIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredFederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_DeferredFederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_DeferredFederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred Federal Income Tax Expense (Benefit)</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_DeferredFederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xml:lang="en-US">Federal</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_DeferredFederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_DeferredFederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_DeferredStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_DeferredStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred State and Local Income Tax Expense (Benefit)</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_DeferredStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xml:lang="en-US">State</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_DeferredStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_DeferredStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred Income Tax Expense (Benefit)</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xml:lang="en-US">Total deferred expense</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xml:lang="en-US">Total deferred expense</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsIncomeTaxReconciliationAbstract" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsIncomeTaxReconciliationAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsIncomeTaxReconciliationAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Amount [Abstract]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsIncomeTaxReconciliationAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Effective income tax rate reconciliation</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsIncomeTaxReconciliationAbstract" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsIncomeTaxReconciliationAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" xml:lang="en-US">Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation at Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate, Amount</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" xml:lang="en-US">U.S. federal income tax at statutory rate</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes" xml:lang="en-US">Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, State and Local Income Taxes, Amount</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes" xml:lang="en-US">State income tax</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" xml:lang="en-US">Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Change in Deferred Tax Assets Valuation Allowance, Amount</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" xml:lang="en-US">Valuation allowance</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential" xml:lang="en-US">Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Foreign Income Tax Rate Differential, Amount</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential" xml:lang="en-US">Foreign tax rate differential</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseMealsAndEntertainment" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseMealsAndEntertainment" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseMealsAndEntertainment" xml:lang="en-US">Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Nondeductible Expense, Meals and Entertainment, Amount</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseMealsAndEntertainment" xml:lang="en-US">Meals</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseMealsAndEntertainment" xml:lang="en-US">Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Nondeductible Expense, Meals and Entertainment, Amount</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseMealsAndEntertainment" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseMealsAndEntertainment"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost" xml:lang="en-US">Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Nondeductible Expense, Share-based Compensation Cost, Amount</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost" xml:lang="en-US">Stock compensation and employment credits</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationOtherAdjustments" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationOtherAdjustments" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationOtherAdjustments" xml:lang="en-US">Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Other Adjustments, Amount</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationOtherAdjustments" xml:lang="en-US">Other</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationOtherAdjustments" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationOtherAdjustments"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesAbstract" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities [Abstract]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Components of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesAbstract" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAbstract" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Components of Deferred Tax Assets [Abstract]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred tax assets:</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAbstract" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred Tax Assets, Operating Loss Carryforwards</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards" xml:lang="en-US">Net operating loss carryforwards</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccruals" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccruals" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccruals" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred Tax Assets, Tax Deferred Expense, Reserves and Accruals</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccruals" xml:lang="en-US">Reserves and accruals</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccruals" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccruals"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsShareBasedCompensationCost" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsShareBasedCompensationCost" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsShareBasedCompensationCost" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred Tax Assets, Tax Deferred Expense, Compensation and Benefits, Share-based Compensation Cost</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsShareBasedCompensationCost" xml:lang="en-US">Stock-based compensation</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsShareBasedCompensationCost" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsShareBasedCompensationCost"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred Tax Assets, Gross</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross" xml:lang="en-US">Gross deferred tax assets</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross" xml:lang="en-US">Gross deferred tax assets</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred Tax Assets, Valuation Allowance</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" xml:lang="en-US">Less valuation allowance</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" xml:lang="en-US">Balance at beginning of year</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" xml:lang="en-US">Balance at end of year</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" xml:lang="en-US">Less valuation allowance</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred Income Tax Assets, Net</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet" xml:lang="en-US">Total deferred tax assets</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilities" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilities" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilities" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred Tax Liabilities, Net</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilities" xml:lang="en-US">Total deferred tax liabilities</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilities" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilities"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred Tax Assets, Net</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred tax assets, net</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceAbstract" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Valuation Allowance [Abstract]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Change in the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceAbstract" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesBalance" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesBalance" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesBalance" xml:lang="en-US">Valuation Allowances and Reserves, Balance</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesBalance" xml:lang="en-US">Balance at beginning of year</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesBalance" xml:lang="en-US">Balance at end of year</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesBalance" xml:lang="en-US">Balance at beginning of year</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesBalance" xml:lang="en-US">Balance at end of year</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesBalance" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesBalance"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesChargedToCostAndExpense" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesChargedToCostAndExpense" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesChargedToCostAndExpense" xml:lang="en-US">Valuation Allowances and Reserves, Additions for Charges to Cost and Expense</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesChargedToCostAndExpense" xml:lang="en-US">Additions charged to costs and expenses</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesChargedToCostAndExpense" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesChargedToCostAndExpense"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesDeductions" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesDeductions" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesDeductions" xml:lang="en-US">Valuation Allowances and Reserves, Deductions</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesDeductions" xml:lang="en-US">Deductions</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesDeductions" xml:lang="en-US">Deductions</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesDeductions" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesDeductions"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersTable" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ScheduleOfResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersTable" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ScheduleOfResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersTable" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Research and Development Arrangement, Contract to Perform for Others [Table]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ScheduleOfResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersTable" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ScheduleOfResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersTable"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis" xml:lang="en-US">Research and Development Arrangement, Contract to Perform for Others, Type [Axis]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersTypeDomain" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersTypeDomain" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersTypeDomain" xml:lang="en-US">Research and Development Arrangement, Contract to Perform for Others, Type [Domain]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersTypeDomain" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersTypeDomain"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_NorwaySkattefunnMember" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_NorwaySkattefunnMember" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_NorwaySkattefunnMember" xml:lang="en-US">Norway Skattefunn [Member]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_NorwaySkattefunnMember" xml:lang="en-US">Norway SkatteFUNN [Member]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_NorwaySkattefunnMember" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_NorwaySkattefunnMember"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis" xml:lang="en-US">Short-term Debt, Type [Axis]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeDomain" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeDomain" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeDomain" xml:lang="en-US">Short-term Debt, Type [Domain]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeDomain" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeDomain"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_FederalOperatingLossCarryforwardMember" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_FederalOperatingLossCarryforwardMember" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_FederalOperatingLossCarryforwardMember" xml:lang="en-US">Federal Operating Loss Carryforward [Member]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_FederalOperatingLossCarryforwardMember" xml:lang="en-US">Federal operating loss carryforward [Member]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_FederalOperatingLossCarryforwardMember" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_FederalOperatingLossCarryforwardMember"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_StateOperatingLossCarryforwardMember" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_StateOperatingLossCarryforwardMember" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_StateOperatingLossCarryforwardMember" xml:lang="en-US">State Operating Loss Carryforward [Member]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_StateOperatingLossCarryforwardMember" xml:lang="en-US">State operating loss carryforward [Member]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_StateOperatingLossCarryforwardMember" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_StateOperatingLossCarryforwardMember"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersLineItems" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersLineItems" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersLineItems" xml:lang="en-US">Research and Development Arrangement, Contract to Perform for Others [Line Items]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersLineItems" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersLineItems"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_IncomeTaxesTextualAbstract" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_IncomeTaxesTextualAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_IncomeTaxesTextualAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Income Taxes Textual [Abstract]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_IncomeTaxesTextualAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Income Taxes (Textual)</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_IncomeTaxesTextualAbstract" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_IncomeTaxesTextualAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_UndistributedEarningsOfForeignSubsidiaries" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_UndistributedEarningsOfForeignSubsidiaries" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_UndistributedEarningsOfForeignSubsidiaries" xml:lang="en-US">Undistributed Earnings of Foreign Subsidiaries</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_UndistributedEarningsOfForeignSubsidiaries" xml:lang="en-US">Undistributed foreign earnings included in accumulated deficit</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_UndistributedEarningsOfForeignSubsidiaries" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_UndistributedEarningsOfForeignSubsidiaries"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsInterestOnIncomeTaxesAccrued" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsInterestOnIncomeTaxesAccrued" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsInterestOnIncomeTaxesAccrued" xml:lang="en-US">Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Interest on Income Taxes Accrued</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsInterestOnIncomeTaxesAccrued" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued interest on income taxes</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsInterestOnIncomeTaxesAccrued" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsInterestOnIncomeTaxesAccrued"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards" xml:lang="en-US">Operating Loss Carryforwards</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards" xml:lang="en-US">Net operating loss ("NOL") carryforwards</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationDate" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationDate" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationDate" xml:lang="en-US">Operating Loss Carryforwards, Expiration Date</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationDate" xml:lang="en-US">Federal and state net operating loss carryforwards expire date</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationDate" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationDate"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentAbstract" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Research and Development [Abstract]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Research and development credit</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentAbstract" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1" xml:lang="en-US">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions, Expected Term</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1" xml:lang="en-US">Expected term</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate" xml:lang="en-US">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions, Expected Volatility Rate</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate" xml:lang="en-US">Volatility</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate" xml:lang="en-US">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions, Risk Free Interest Rate</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate" xml:lang="en-US">Risk free interest rate</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate" xml:lang="en-US">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions, Expected Dividend Rate</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate" xml:lang="en-US">Dividends</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xml:lang="en-US">Granted, Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xml:lang="en-US">Grant date fair value</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Share-based Compensation Arrangements by Share-based Payment Award [Table]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" xml:lang="en-US">Award Type [Axis]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain" xml:lang="en-US">Equity Award [Domain]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems" xml:lang="en-US">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" xml:lang="en-US">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Number</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" xml:lang="en-US">Outstanding, Number of Options, Beginning</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" xml:lang="en-US">Outstanding, Number of Options, Ending</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" xml:lang="en-US">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Gross</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" xml:lang="en-US">Granted, Number of Options</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" xml:lang="en-US">Granted, Number of Non-vested Shares</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureGuidance" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" xml:lang="en-US">Granted</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod" xml:lang="en-US">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Forfeitures in Period</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod" xml:lang="en-US">Cancelled/forfeited-unvested, Number of Options</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod" xml:lang="en-US">Cancelled / forfeited Number of Options</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber" xml:lang="en-US">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Exercisable, Number</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber" xml:lang="en-US">Exercisable, Number of Options</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xml:lang="en-US">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xml:lang="en-US">Outstanding, Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Beginning</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xml:lang="en-US">Outstanding, Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Ending</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xml:lang="en-US">Share-based Compensation Arrangements by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Weighted Average Exercise Price</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xml:lang="en-US">Granted, Weighted-Average Exercise Price</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xml:lang="en-US">Share-based Compensation Arrangements by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Exercises in Period, Weighted Average Exercise Price</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xml:lang="en-US">Exercised, Weighted-Average Exercise Price</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xml:lang="en-US">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Forfeitures and Expirations in Period, Weighted Average Exercise Price</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xml:lang="en-US">Cancelled / forfeited, Weighted-Average Exercise Price</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xml:lang="en-US">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Exercisable, Weighted Average Exercise Price</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xml:lang="en-US">Exercisable, Weighted-Average Exercise Price</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2" xml:lang="en-US">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2" xml:lang="en-US">Stock options weighted average period</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2" xml:lang="en-US">Outstanding, Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1" xml:lang="en-US">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Exercisable, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1" xml:lang="en-US">Stock options exercisable upon vesting term</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1" xml:lang="en-US">Exercisable, Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue" xml:lang="en-US">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Intrinsic Value</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue" xml:lang="en-US">Outstanding, Aggregate Intrinsic Value</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue" xml:lang="en-US">Outstanding, Aggregate Intrinsic Value Beginning</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue" xml:lang="en-US">Outstanding, Aggregate Intrinsic Value Ending</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1" xml:lang="en-US">Intrinsic value of options</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1" xml:lang="en-US">Exercisable, Aggregate Intrinsic Value</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PlanNameAxis" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis" xml:lang="en-US">Plan Name [Axis]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PlanNameDomain" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_PlanNameDomain" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_PlanNameDomain" xml:lang="en-US">Plan Name [Domain]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_PlanNameDomain" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_PlanNameDomain"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_TwoThousandSixteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_TwoThousandSixteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_TwoThousandSixteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember" xml:lang="en-US">Two Thousand Sixteen Stock Option And Incentive Plan [Member]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_TwoThousandSixteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember" xml:lang="en-US">2016 Stock Option and Incentive Plan [Member]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_TwoThousandSixteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember" xml:lang="en-US">2016 stock option and incentive plan.</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_TwoThousandSixteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_TwoThousandSixteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember" xml:lang="en-US">Restricted Stock [Member]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember" xml:lang="en-US">Restricted Stock [Member]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis" xml:lang="en-US">Subsequent Event Type [Axis]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain" xml:lang="en-US">Subsequent Event Type [Domain]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" xml:lang="en-US">Subsequent Event [Member]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Stock Based Compensation Textual [Abstract]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Stock-Based Compensation (Textual)</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized" xml:lang="en-US">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Number of Shares Authorized</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized" xml:lang="en-US">Share available for awards</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized" xml:lang="en-US">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Number of Additional Shares Authorized</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized" xml:lang="en-US">Stock available for grant of awards</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationNumberOfYears" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationNumberOfYears" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationNumberOfYears" xml:lang="en-US">Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award Expiration Number Of Years</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationNumberOfYears" xml:lang="en-US">Stock options exercisable upon vesting term</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationNumberOfYears" xml:lang="en-US">Share based compensation arrangement by share based payment award options outstanding number extended expiration.</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationNumberOfYears" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationNumberOfYears"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationDate" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationDate" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationDate" xml:lang="en-US">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Expiration Date</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationDate" xml:lang="en-US">Expiration date</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationDate" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationDate"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumberExtendedExpiration" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumberExtendedExpiration" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumberExtendedExpiration" xml:lang="en-US">Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award Options Outstanding Number Extended Expiration</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumberExtendedExpiration" xml:lang="en-US">Stock option expiration extension, number of shares</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumberExtendedExpiration" xml:lang="en-US">Definition :Share based compensation arrangement by share based payment award options outstanding number extended expiration.</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumberExtendedExpiration" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumberExtendedExpiration"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPlanModificationIncrementalCompensationCost" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPlanModificationIncrementalCompensationCost" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPlanModificationIncrementalCompensationCost" xml:lang="en-US">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Plan Modification, Incremental Compensation Cost</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPlanModificationIncrementalCompensationCost" xml:lang="en-US">Stock-based compensation expense</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/positiveLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPlanModificationIncrementalCompensationCost" xml:lang="en-US">Stock-based compensation expense</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPlanModificationIncrementalCompensationCost" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPlanModificationIncrementalCompensationCost"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SharesIssued" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_SharesIssued" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_SharesIssued" xml:lang="en-US">Shares, Issued</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_SharesIssued" xml:lang="en-US">Shares issued</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_SharesIssued" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_SharesIssued"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue" xml:lang="en-US">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Exercises in Period, Intrinsic Value</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue" xml:lang="en-US">Intrinsic value of options</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedStockOptions" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedStockOptions" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedStockOptions" xml:lang="en-US">Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Nonvested Awards, Compensation Not yet Recognized, Stock Options</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedStockOptions" xml:lang="en-US">Unrecognized compensation cost, non-vested stock options</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedStockOptions" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedStockOptions"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonVestedStockOptionsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognitionOne" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonVestedStockOptionsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognitionOne" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonVestedStockOptionsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognitionOne" xml:lang="en-US">Employee Service Share Based Compensation Non Vested Stock Options Total Compensation Cost Not Yet Recognized Period For Recognition One</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonVestedStockOptionsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognitionOne" xml:lang="en-US">Stock options weighted average period</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonVestedStockOptionsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognitionOne" xml:lang="en-US">Employee service share based compensation non vested stock options total compensation cost not yet recognized period for recognition one.</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonVestedStockOptionsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognitionOne" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonVestedStockOptionsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognitionOne"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDescription" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDescription" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDescription" xml:lang="en-US">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Description</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDescription" xml:lang="en-US">Stock option vesting period, description</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDescription" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDescription"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross" xml:lang="en-US">Stock Issued During Period, Shares, Restricted Stock Award, Gross</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross" xml:lang="en-US">Restricted stock shares issued</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_StockIssuedDuringPeriodDeferredStockUnits" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_StockIssuedDuringPeriodDeferredStockUnits" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_StockIssuedDuringPeriodDeferredStockUnits" xml:lang="en-US">Stock Issued During Period Deferred Stock Units</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_StockIssuedDuringPeriodDeferredStockUnits" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred stock units</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_StockIssuedDuringPeriodDeferredStockUnits" xml:lang="en-US">The number of shares issued during the period upon the conversion of units.</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_StockIssuedDuringPeriodDeferredStockUnits" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_StockIssuedDuringPeriodDeferredStockUnits"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_CollectionOfReceivableFromStockholderForStockOptionExercise" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_CollectionOfReceivableFromStockholderForStockOptionExercise" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_CollectionOfReceivableFromStockholderForStockOptionExercise" xml:lang="en-US">Collection Of Receivable From Stockholder For Stock Option Exercise</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_CollectionOfReceivableFromStockholderForStockOptionExercise" xml:lang="en-US">Collection of receivable from stockholder for stock option exercise.</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_CollectionOfReceivableFromStockholderForStockOptionExercise" xml:lang="en-US">Collection of receivable from stockholder for stock option exercise.</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_CollectionOfReceivableFromStockholderForStockOptionExercise" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_CollectionOfReceivableFromStockholderForStockOptionExercise"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xml:lang="en-US">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Vested, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xml:lang="en-US">Granted fair value</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber" xml:lang="en-US">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber" xml:lang="en-US">Non-vested shares of restricted stock</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber" xml:lang="en-US">Non-vested shares at July 31, 2016</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber" xml:lang="en-US">Non-Vested Shares at July 31, 2017</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionSellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesFromTransactionsWithRelatedParty" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionSellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesFromTransactionsWithRelatedParty" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionSellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesFromTransactionsWithRelatedParty" xml:lang="en-US">Related Party Transaction, Selling, General and Administrative Expenses from Transactions with Related Party</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionSellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesFromTransactionsWithRelatedParty" xml:lang="en-US">Payments by IDT on behalf of the Company</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionSellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesFromTransactionsWithRelatedParty" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionSellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesFromTransactionsWithRelatedParty"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RepaymentsOfRelatedPartyDebt" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_RepaymentsOfRelatedPartyDebt" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_RepaymentsOfRelatedPartyDebt" xml:lang="en-US">Repayments of Related Party Debt</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_RepaymentsOfRelatedPartyDebt" xml:lang="en-US">Cash repayments, net of advances</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_RepaymentsOfRelatedPartyDebt" xml:lang="en-US">Cash repayments, net of advances</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_RepaymentsOfRelatedPartyDebt" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_RepaymentsOfRelatedPartyDebt"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyTable" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyTable" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyTable" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Related Party Transactions, by Related Party [Table]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyTable" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyTable"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis" xml:lang="en-US">Related Party Transaction [Axis]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDomain" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDomain" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDomain" xml:lang="en-US">Related Party Transaction [Domain]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDomain" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDomain"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_IdtCorporationMember" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_IdtCorporationMember" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_IdtCorporationMember" xml:lang="en-US">Idt Corporation [Member]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_IdtCorporationMember" xml:lang="en-US">IDT Corporation [Member]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_IdtCorporationMember" xml:lang="en-US">IDT corporation member.</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_IdtCorporationMember" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_IdtCorporationMember"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_AppboyIncMember" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_AppboyIncMember" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_AppboyIncMember" xml:lang="en-US">Appboy Inc [Member]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_AppboyIncMember" xml:lang="en-US">Appboy, Inc. [Member]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_AppboyIncMember" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_AppboyIncMember"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems" xml:lang="en-US">Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_RelatedPartyTransactionsTextualAbstract" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_RelatedPartyTransactionsTextualAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_RelatedPartyTransactionsTextualAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Related Party Transactions Textual [Abstract]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_RelatedPartyTransactionsTextualAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Related Party Transactions (Textual)</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_RelatedPartyTransactionsTextualAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Related party transactions textual.</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_RelatedPartyTransactionsTextualAbstract" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_RelatedPartyTransactionsTextualAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet" xml:lang="en-US">Income Taxes Paid, Net</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet" xml:lang="en-US">Federal tax payments made by IDT</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_RelatedPartyTransactionAggregatePaymentMadeToRelatedParty" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_RelatedPartyTransactionAggregatePaymentMadeToRelatedParty" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_RelatedPartyTransactionAggregatePaymentMadeToRelatedParty" xml:lang="en-US">Related Party Transaction Aggregate Payment Made To Related Party</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_RelatedPartyTransactionAggregatePaymentMadeToRelatedParty" xml:lang="en-US">Related party payments</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_RelatedPartyTransactionAggregatePaymentMadeToRelatedParty" xml:lang="en-US">Related Party Transaction Aggregate payment made to related party.</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_RelatedPartyTransactionAggregatePaymentMadeToRelatedParty" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_RelatedPartyTransactionAggregatePaymentMadeToRelatedParty"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTable" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTable" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTable" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Segment Reporting Information, by Segment [Table]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTable" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTable"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementGeographicalAxis" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_StatementGeographicalAxis" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_StatementGeographicalAxis" xml:lang="en-US">Geographical [Axis]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_StatementGeographicalAxis" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_StatementGeographicalAxis"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SegmentGeographicalDomain" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_SegmentGeographicalDomain" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_SegmentGeographicalDomain" xml:lang="en-US">Geographical [Domain]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_SegmentGeographicalDomain" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_SegmentGeographicalDomain"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2017/country-2017-01-31.xsd#country_US" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_country_US" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_country_US" xml:lang="en-US">UNITED STATES</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_country_US" xml:lang="en-US">United States [Member]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_country_US" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_country_US"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_ForeignMember" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_ForeignMember" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_ForeignMember" xml:lang="en-US">Foreign [Member]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_ForeignMember" xml:lang="en-US">Foreign [Member]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_ForeignMember" xml:lang="en-US">Foreign [Member].</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_ForeignMember" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_ForeignMember"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems" xml:lang="en-US">Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems" xml:lang="en-US">Business Segment Information [Line Items]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NoncurrentAssets" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_NoncurrentAssets" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_NoncurrentAssets" xml:lang="en-US">Long-Lived Assets</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_NoncurrentAssets" xml:lang="en-US">Long-lived assets, net</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_NoncurrentAssets" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_NoncurrentAssets"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityTable" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityTable" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityTable" xml:lang="en-US">Line of Credit Facility [Table]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityTable" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityTable"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis" xml:lang="en-US">Credit Facility [Axis]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CreditFacilityDomain" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_CreditFacilityDomain" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_CreditFacilityDomain" xml:lang="en-US">Credit Facility [Domain]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_CreditFacilityDomain" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_CreditFacilityDomain"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ForeignExchangeContractMember" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ForeignExchangeContractMember" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ForeignExchangeContractMember" xml:lang="en-US">Foreign Exchange Contract [Member]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ForeignExchangeContractMember" xml:lang="en-US">Foreign Exchange Agreement [Member]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ForeignExchangeContractMember" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ForeignExchangeContractMember"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems" xml:lang="en-US">Subsequent Event [Line Items]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_RevolvingCreditFacilityTextualAbstract" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_RevolvingCreditFacilityTextualAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_RevolvingCreditFacilityTextualAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Revolving Credit Facility Textual [Abstract]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_RevolvingCreditFacilityTextualAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Revolving Credit Facility (Textual)</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_RevolvingCreditFacilityTextualAbstract" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_RevolvingCreditFacilityTextualAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity" xml:lang="en-US">Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity" xml:lang="en-US">Maximum principal amount of credit agreement</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity" xml:lang="en-US">Loan and security agreement with Western Alliance Bank for revolving credit facility</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityBorrowingCapacityDescription" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityBorrowingCapacityDescription" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityBorrowingCapacityDescription" xml:lang="en-US">Line of Credit Facility, Borrowing Capacity, Description</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityBorrowingCapacityDescription" xml:lang="en-US">Line of credit facility, borrowing capacity, description</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityBorrowingCapacityDescription" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityBorrowingCapacityDescription"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateDescription" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateDescription" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateDescription" xml:lang="en-US">Line of Credit Facility, Interest Rate Description</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateDescription" xml:lang="en-US">Interest rate, description</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateDescription" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateDescription"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityExpirationDate1" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityExpirationDate1" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityExpirationDate1" xml:lang="en-US">Line of Credit Facility, Expiration Date</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityExpirationDate1" xml:lang="en-US">Line of credit maturity date</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityExpirationDate1" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityExpirationDate1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityCollateralFeesAmount" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityCollateralFeesAmount" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityCollateralFeesAmount" xml:lang="en-US">Line of Credit Facility, Collateral Fees, Amount</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityCollateralFeesAmount" xml:lang="en-US">Line of credit facility annual fee</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityCollateralFeesAmount" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityCollateralFeesAmount"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsDescription" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsDescription" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsDescription" xml:lang="en-US">Foreign Currency Transactions, Description</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsDescription" xml:lang="en-US">Foreign exchange, description</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsDescription" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsDescription"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacityDerivativeUnderlyingAmountAggregateForeignExchangeContracts" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacityDerivativeUnderlyingAmountAggregateForeignExchangeContracts" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacityDerivativeUnderlyingAmountAggregateForeignExchangeContracts" xml:lang="en-US">Line Of Credit Facility Maximum Borrowing Capacity Derivative Underlying Amount Aggregate Foreign Exchange Contracts</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacityDerivativeUnderlyingAmountAggregateForeignExchangeContracts" xml:lang="en-US">Outstanding foreign exchange contracts amount</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacityDerivativeUnderlyingAmountAggregateForeignExchangeContracts" xml:lang="en-US">Thw amount of line of credit facility maximum borrowing capacity derivative underlying amount aggregate foreign exchange contracts.</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacityDerivativeUnderlyingAmountAggregateForeignExchangeContracts" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacityDerivativeUnderlyingAmountAggregateForeignExchangeContracts"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacityReductionAmountForForeignExchangeContracts" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacityReductionAmountForForeignExchangeContracts" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacityReductionAmountForForeignExchangeContracts" xml:lang="en-US">Line Of Credit Facility Maximum Borrowing Capacity Reduction Amount For Foreign Exchange Contracts</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacityReductionAmountForForeignExchangeContracts" xml:lang="en-US">Available borrowing reduction</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacityReductionAmountForForeignExchangeContracts" xml:lang="en-US">The amount of maximum borrowing capacity reduction amount for foreign exchange contracts.</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacityReductionAmountForForeignExchangeContracts" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacityReductionAmountForForeignExchangeContracts"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanTable" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanTable" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanTable" xml:lang="en-US">Defined Contribution Plan [Table]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanTable" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanTable"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanDisclosureLineItems" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanDisclosureLineItems" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanDisclosureLineItems" xml:lang="en-US">Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanDisclosureLineItems" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanDisclosureLineItems"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized" xml:lang="en-US">Defined Contribution Plan, Cost Recognized</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized" xml:lang="en-US">Contribution plan cost</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventTable" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTable" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTable" xml:lang="en-US">Subsequent Event [Table]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTable" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTable"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis" xml:lang="en-US">Related Party [Axis]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyDomain" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_RelatedPartyDomain" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_RelatedPartyDomain" xml:lang="en-US">Related Party [Domain]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_RelatedPartyDomain" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_RelatedPartyDomain"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_FreeformDevelopmentIncMember" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_FreeformDevelopmentIncMember" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_FreeformDevelopmentIncMember" xml:lang="en-US">Freeform Development Inc [Member]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_FreeformDevelopmentIncMember" xml:lang="en-US">Freeform Development, Inc. [Member]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_FreeformDevelopmentIncMember" xml:lang="en-US">Freeform Development Inc</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_FreeformDevelopmentIncMember" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_FreeformDevelopmentIncMember"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualAxis" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualAxis" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualAxis" xml:lang="en-US">Title of Individual [Axis]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualAxis" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualAxis"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualWithRelationshipToEntityDomain" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualWithRelationshipToEntityDomain" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualWithRelationshipToEntityDomain" xml:lang="en-US">Relationship to Entity [Domain]</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualWithRelationshipToEntityDomain" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualWithRelationshipToEntityDomain"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_EmployeesMember" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_EmployeesMember" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_EmployeesMember" xml:lang="en-US">Employees [Member]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_EmployeesMember" xml:lang="en-US">Employees [Member]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_EmployeesMember" xml:lang="en-US">Employees</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_EmployeesMember" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_EmployeesMember"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_SubsequentEventTextualAbstract" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_SubsequentEventTextualAbstract" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_SubsequentEventTextualAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Subsequent Event Textual [Abstract]</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_SubsequentEventTextualAbstract" xml:lang="en-US">Subsequent Event-Freeform Development, Inc. (Textual)</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_SubsequentEventTextualAbstract" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_SubsequentEventTextualAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaidForOperatingLiabilities" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaidForOperatingLiabilities" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaidForOperatingLiabilities" xml:lang="en-US">Business Acquisition Cost Of Acquired Entity Cash Paid For Operating Liabilities</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaidForOperatingLiabilities" xml:lang="en-US">Operating liabilities</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaidForOperatingLiabilities" xml:lang="en-US">Business acquisition cost of acquired entity cash paid for operating liabilities.</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaidForOperatingLiabilities" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaidForOperatingLiabilities"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaidForConvertibleNotes" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaidForConvertibleNotes" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaidForConvertibleNotes" xml:lang="en-US">Business Acquisition Cost Of Acquired Entity Cash Paid For Convertible Notes</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaidForConvertibleNotes" xml:lang="en-US">Convertible promissory notes</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaidForConvertibleNotes" xml:lang="en-US">Business acquisition cost of acquired entity cash paid for convertible notes.</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaidForConvertibleNotes" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaidForConvertibleNotes"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaid" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaid" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaid" xml:lang="en-US">Business Acquisition Cost Of Acquired Entity Cash Paid</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaid" xml:lang="en-US">Consisting of cash</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaid" xml:lang="en-US">Business acquisition cost of acquired entity cash paid.</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaid" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaid"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredShares" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredShares" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredShares" xml:lang="en-US">Business Combination Consideration Transferred Shares</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredShares" xml:lang="en-US">Consideration paid, shares</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredShares" xml:lang="en-US">Business combination consideration transferred shares.</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredShares" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredShares"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredOtherFairValue" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredOtherFairValue" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredOtherFairValue" xml:lang="en-US">Business Combination Consideration Transferred Other Fair Value</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredOtherFairValue" xml:lang="en-US">Fair market value</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredOtherFairValue" xml:lang="en-US">Business combination consideration transferred other fair value.</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredOtherFairValue" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredOtherFairValue"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1" xml:lang="en-US">Business Combination, Consideration Transferred</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1" xml:lang="en-US">Consideration paid, value</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredForLiabilities" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredForLiabilities" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredForLiabilities" xml:lang="en-US">Business Combination Consideration Transferred For Liabilities</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredForLiabilities" xml:lang="en-US">Selling, general and administrative</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredForLiabilities" xml:lang="en-US">Business combination consideration transferred for liabilities.</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredForLiabilities" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredForLiabilities"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredFairValueOfSharesIssuedToEmployees" xlink:label="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredFairValueOfSharesIssuedToEmployees" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredFairValueOfSharesIssuedToEmployees" xml:lang="en-US">Business Combination Consideration Transferred Fair Value Of Shares Issued To Employees</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredFairValueOfSharesIssuedToEmployees" xml:lang="en-US">Fair market value of employee shares</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredFairValueOfSharesIssuedToEmployees" xml:lang="en-US">Business combination consideration transferred fair value of shares issued to employees.</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_K196K48I138K_zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredFairValueOfSharesIssuedToEmployees" xlink:to="lab_M318M60K350M_zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredFairValueOfSharesIssuedToEmployees"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntitySharesIssuedForConvertibleNotes" xlink:label="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntitySharesIssuedForConvertibleNotes" />
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntitySharesIssuedForConvertibleNotes" xml:lang="en-US">Business Acquisition Cost Of Acquired Entity Shares Issued For Convertible Notes</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntitySharesIssuedForConvertibleNotes" xml:lang="en-US">Convertible promissory notes, shares</label>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntitySharesIssuedForConvertibleNotes" xml:lang="en-US">Business acquisition cost of acquired entity shares issued for convertible notes.</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_8H6FHF4I49GG985JF602_zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntitySharesIssuedForConvertibleNotes" xlink:to="lab_0J8HJH6K61II107LH824_zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntitySharesIssuedForConvertibleNotes"/>
</labelLink></linkbase>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>14
<FILENAME>zdge-20170731_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL PRESENTATION FILE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<linkbase xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd">
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#DocumentAndEntityInformation" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/DocumentAndEntityInformation"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#ConsolidatedBalanceSheets" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/ConsolidatedBalanceSheets"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#ConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParenthetical" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/ConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParenthetical"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#ConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveLossIncome" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/ConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveLossIncome"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#ConsolidatedStatementsOfStockholdersEquity" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/ConsolidatedStatementsOfStockholdersEquity"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#ConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/ConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#DescriptionOfBusinessAndSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPolicies" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/DescriptionOfBusinessAndSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPolicies"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#FairValueMeasurements" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/FairValueMeasurements"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#DerivativeInstruments" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/DerivativeInstruments"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#PropertyAndEquipment" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/PropertyAndEquipment"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#Goodwill" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/Goodwill"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#AccruedExpenses" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/AccruedExpenses"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#Equity" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/Equity"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#CommitmentsAndContingencies" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/CommitmentsAndContingencies"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#IncomeTaxes" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/IncomeTaxes"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#StockBasedCompensation" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/StockBasedCompensation"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#RelatedPartyTransactions" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/RelatedPartyTransactions"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#BusinessSegmentAndGeographicInformation" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/BusinessSegmentAndGeographicInformation"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#Revolvingcreditfacility" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/Revolvingcreditfacility"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#DefinedContributionPlan" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/DefinedContributionPlan"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#SubsequentEventFreeformDevelopmentInc" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/SubsequentEventFreeformDevelopmentInc"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#DescriptionofBusinessandSummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/DescriptionofBusinessandSummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#DescriptionofBusinessandSummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesTables" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/DescriptionofBusinessandSummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesTables"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#FairValueMeasurementsTables" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/FairValueMeasurementsTables"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#DerivativeInstrumentsTables" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/DerivativeInstrumentsTables"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#PropertyandEquipmentTables" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/PropertyandEquipmentTables"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#GoodwillTables" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/GoodwillTables"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#Accruedexpensestables" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/Accruedexpensestables"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#EquityTables" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/EquityTables"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#CommitmentsandContingenciesTables" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/CommitmentsandContingenciesTables"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#IncomeTaxesTables" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/IncomeTaxesTables"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#StockBasedCompensationTables" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/StockBasedCompensationTables"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#RelatedPartyTransactionsTables" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/RelatedPartyTransactionsTables"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#BusinessSegmentAndGeographicInformationTables" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/BusinessSegmentAndGeographicInformationTables"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#DescriptionofBusinessandSummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesDetails" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/DescriptionofBusinessandSummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesDetails"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#DescriptionofBusinessandSummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesDetails1" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/DescriptionofBusinessandSummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesDetails1"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#DescriptionOfBusinessAndSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesDetailsTextual" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/DescriptionOfBusinessAndSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesDetailsTextual"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#FairValueMeasurementsDetails" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/FairValueMeasurementsDetails"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#DerivativeInstrumentsDetails" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/DerivativeInstrumentsDetails"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#DerivativeInstrumentsDetails1" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/DerivativeInstrumentsDetails1"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#DerivativeInstrumentsDetails2" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/DerivativeInstrumentsDetails2"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#PropertyandEquipmentDetails" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/PropertyandEquipmentDetails"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#PropertyAndEquipmentDetailsTextual" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/PropertyAndEquipmentDetailsTextual"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#GoodwillDetails" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/GoodwillDetails"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#AccruedExpensesDetails" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/AccruedExpensesDetails"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#EquityDetails" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/EquityDetails"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#EquityDetailsTextual" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/EquityDetailsTextual"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#CommitmentsandContingenciesDetails" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/CommitmentsandContingenciesDetails"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#CommitmentsAndContingenciesDetailsTextual" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/CommitmentsAndContingenciesDetailsTextual"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#IncomeTaxesDetails" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/IncomeTaxesDetails"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#IncomeTaxesDetails1" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/IncomeTaxesDetails1"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#IncomeTaxesDetails2" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/IncomeTaxesDetails2"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#IncomeTaxesDetails3" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/IncomeTaxesDetails3"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#IncomeTaxesDetails4" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/IncomeTaxesDetails4"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#IncomeTaxesDetailsTextual" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/IncomeTaxesDetailsTextual"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#StockBasedCompensationDetails" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/StockBasedCompensationDetails"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#StockBasedCompensationDetails1" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/StockBasedCompensationDetails1"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#StockBasedCompensationDetailsTextual" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/StockBasedCompensationDetailsTextual"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#RelatedPartyTransactionsDetails" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/RelatedPartyTransactionsDetails"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#RelatedPartyTransactionsDetailsTextual" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/RelatedPartyTransactionsDetailsTextual"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#BusinessSegmentAndGeographicInformationDetails" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/BusinessSegmentAndGeographicInformationDetails"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#Revolvingcreditfacilitydetails" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/Revolvingcreditfacilitydetails"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#DefinedContributionPlanDetails" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/DefinedContributionPlanDetails"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#SubsequentEventFreeformDevelopmentIncDetails" roleURI="http://www.zdgee.com/role/SubsequentEventFreeformDevelopmentIncDetails"/>
<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel"/> <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedPeriodEndLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedPeriodEndLabel"/> <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedPeriodStartLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedPeriodStartLabel"/> <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedTotalLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedTotalLabel"/> <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedNetLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedNetLabel"/> <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedTerseLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedTerseLabel"/> <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/net-2009-12-16.xsd#netLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/netLabel"/>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/DocumentAndEntityInformation">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_DocumentAndEntityInformationAbstract" xlink:label="loc_zdge_DocumentAndEntityInformationAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementTable" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementTable_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_DocumentAndEntityInformationAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StatementTable_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_2" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_2" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_4" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_4" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationGuidance" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_5" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_5" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleGuidance" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_6" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_6" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityRegistrantName_7" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_6" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityRegistrantName_7" order="0" use="optional" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_8" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_6" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_8" order="10" use="optional" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:label="loc_dei_AmendmentFlag_9" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_6" xlink:to="loc_dei_AmendmentFlag_9" order="20" use="optional" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:label="loc_dei_TradingSymbol_10" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_6" xlink:to="loc_dei_TradingSymbol_10" order="30" use="optional" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:label="loc_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_11" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_6" xlink:to="loc_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_11" order="40" use="optional" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_DocumentType" xlink:label="loc_dei_DocumentType_12" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_6" xlink:to="loc_dei_DocumentType_12" order="50" use="optional" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:label="loc_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_13" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_6" xlink:to="loc_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_13" order="60" use="optional" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:label="loc_dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_14" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_6" xlink:to="loc_dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_14" order="70" use="optional" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:label="loc_dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_15" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_6" xlink:to="loc_dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_15" order="80" use="optional" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_16" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_6" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_16" order="90" use="optional" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_17" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_6" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_17" order="100" use="optional" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_18" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_6" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_18" order="110" use="optional" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityFilerCategory_19" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_6" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityFilerCategory_19" order="120" use="optional" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityPublicFloat" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityPublicFloat_20" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_6" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityPublicFloat_20" order="130" use="optional" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding_21" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_6" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding_21" order="140" use="optional" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/ConsolidatedBalanceSheets">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementTable" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementTable_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StatementTable_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_2" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_2" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_4" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_4" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_5" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_5" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleGuidance" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_6" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_6" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AssetsAbstract_7" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_6" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AssetsAbstract_7" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_8" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AssetsAbstract_7" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_8" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_9" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_8" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_9" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent_10" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_8" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent_10" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseCurrent_11" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_8" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseCurrent_11" order="20" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent_12" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_8" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent_12" order="30" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_13" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_8" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_13" order="40" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_14" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AssetsAbstract_7" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_14" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_Goodwill" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_Goodwill_15" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AssetsAbstract_7" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_Goodwill_15" order="20" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent_16" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AssetsAbstract_7" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent_16" order="30" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_Assets" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_Assets_17" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AssetsAbstract_7" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_Assets_17" order="40" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract_18" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_6" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract_18" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_19" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract_18" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_19" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent_20" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_19" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent_20" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_21" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_19" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_21" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredRevenueCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DeferredRevenueCurrent_22" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_19" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_DeferredRevenueCurrent_22" order="20" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DueToRelatedPartiesCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DueToRelatedPartiesCurrent_23" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_19" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_DueToRelatedPartiesCurrent_23" order="30" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_24" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_19" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_24" order="40" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_Liabilities" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_Liabilities_25" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract_18" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_Liabilities_25" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies_26" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract_18" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies_26" order="20" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract_27" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract_18" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract_27" order="30" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PreferredStockValue" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PreferredStockValue_28" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract_27" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_PreferredStockValue_28" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockValue" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommonStockValue_29" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract_27" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CommonStockValue_29" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital_30" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract_27" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital_30" order="20" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_31" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract_27" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_31" order="30" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit_32" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract_27" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit_32" order="40" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_33" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract_27" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_33" order="50" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_34" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract_18" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_34" order="40" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/ConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParenthetical">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementTable" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementTable_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StatementTable_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_2" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_2" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_4" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_4" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_5" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_5" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleGuidance" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_6" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_6" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_7" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_6" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_7" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_8" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_6" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_8" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized_9" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_6" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized_9" order="20" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued_10" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_6" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued_10" order="30" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_11" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_6" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_11" order="40" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized_12" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_6" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized_12" order="50" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued_13" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_6" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued_13" order="60" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding_14" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_6" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding_14" order="70" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/ConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveLossIncome">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_Revenues" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_Revenues_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_Revenues_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract_2" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract_2" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CostOfRevenue" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CostOfRevenue_3" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CostOfRevenue_3" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_4" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_4" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization_5" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization_5" order="20" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1_6" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1_6" order="30" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_7" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_7" order="20" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_InterestIncomeExpenseNet" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_InterestIncomeExpenseNet_8" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_InterestIncomeExpenseNet_8" order="30" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax_9" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax_9" order="40" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments_10" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments_10" order="50" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_11" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_11" order="60" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_12" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_12" order="70" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPeriodIncreaseDecreaseAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPeriodIncreaseDecreaseAbstract_13" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPeriodIncreaseDecreaseAbstract_13" order="80" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax_14" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPeriodIncreaseDecreaseAbstract_13" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax_14" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_15" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPeriodIncreaseDecreaseAbstract_13" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_15" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax_16" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax_16" order="90" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract_17" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract_17" order="100" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic_18" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract_17" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic_18" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted_19" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract_17" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted_19" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedOtherDisclosuresAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedOtherDisclosuresAbstract_20" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedOtherDisclosuresAbstract_20" order="110" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_21" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedOtherDisclosuresAbstract_20" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_21" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_22" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedOtherDisclosuresAbstract_20" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_22" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/ConsolidatedStatementsOfStockholdersEquity">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementOfStockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementOfStockholdersEquityAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementTable" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementTable_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementOfStockholdersEquityAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StatementTable_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_2" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_2" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain_3" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain_3" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_4" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_4" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_5" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_5" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_6" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_6" order="20" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_7" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_7" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_8" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_7" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_8" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_9" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_8" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_9" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureGuidance" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_10" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_8" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_10" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureGuidance" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_11" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_11" order="20" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_12" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_11" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_12" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SharesOutstanding" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding_13" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_11" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding_13" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_ReclassificationOfMezzanineEquity" xlink:label="loc_zdge_ReclassificationOfMezzanineEquity_14" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_11" xlink:to="loc_zdge_ReclassificationOfMezzanineEquity_14" order="20" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues_15" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_11" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues_15" order="30" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_16" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_11" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_16" order="40" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised_17" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_11" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised_17" order="50" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_18" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_11" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_18" order="60" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_19" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_11" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_19" order="70" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation_20" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_11" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation_20" order="80" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeBenefitPlan" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeBenefitPlan_21" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_11" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeBenefitPlan_21" order="90" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesEmployeeBenefitPlan" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesEmployeeBenefitPlan_22" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_11" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesEmployeeBenefitPlan_22" order="100" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax_23" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_11" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax_23" order="110" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_24" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_11" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_24" order="120" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_25" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_11" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_25" order="130" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SharesOutstanding" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding_26" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_11" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding_26" order="140" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/ConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_2" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_2" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_3" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_3" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization_4" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_3" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization_4" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxesAndTaxCredits" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxesAndTaxCredits_5" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_3" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxesAndTaxCredits_5" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1_6" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_3" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1_6" order="20" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_7" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_3" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_7" order="30" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract_8" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_3" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract_8" order="40" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable_9" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract_8" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable_9" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets_10" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract_8" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets_10" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherOperatingAssets" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherOperatingAssets_11" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract_8" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherOperatingAssets_11" order="20" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities_12" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract_8" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities_12" order="30" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDueToRelatedPartiesCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDueToRelatedPartiesCurrent_13" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract_8" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDueToRelatedPartiesCurrent_13" order="40" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDeferredRevenue" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDeferredRevenue_14" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract_8" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDeferredRevenue_14" order="50" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_15" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_15" order="20" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract_16" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract_16" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsToDevelopSoftware" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PaymentsToDevelopSoftware_17" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract_16" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_PaymentsToDevelopSoftware_17" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_18" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract_16" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_18" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract_19" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract_19" order="20" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised_20" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract_19" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised_20" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfPrivatePlacement" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfPrivatePlacement_21" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract_19" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfPrivatePlacement_21" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_22" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract_19" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_22" order="20" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashAndCashEquivalents" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashAndCashEquivalents_23" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashAndCashEquivalents_23" order="30" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecrease" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecrease_24" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecrease_24" order="40" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_25" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_25" order="50" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_26" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_26" order="60" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract_27" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract_27" order="70" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaid" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaid_28" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract_27" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaid_28" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CashFlowNoncashInvestingAndFinancingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CashFlowNoncashInvestingAndFinancingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract_29" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CashFlowNoncashInvestingAndFinancingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract_29" order="80" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_ReceivableForExerciseOfStockOptions" xlink:label="loc_zdge_ReceivableForExerciseOfStockOptions_30" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_CashFlowNoncashInvestingAndFinancingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract_29" xlink:to="loc_zdge_ReceivableForExerciseOfStockOptions_30" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_ReclassificationOfMezzanineEquity" xlink:label="loc_zdge_ReclassificationOfMezzanineEquity_31" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_CashFlowNoncashInvestingAndFinancingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract_29" xlink:to="loc_zdge_ReclassificationOfMezzanineEquity_31" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/DescriptionOfBusinessAndSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPolicies">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_BusinessDescriptionAndAccountingPoliciesTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_BusinessDescriptionAndAccountingPoliciesTextBlock_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_BusinessDescriptionAndAccountingPoliciesTextBlock_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/FairValueMeasurements">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/DerivativeInstruments">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsAndHedgingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsAndHedgingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsAndHedgingActivitiesDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsAndHedgingActivitiesDisclosureTextBlock_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsAndHedgingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsAndHedgingActivitiesDisclosureTextBlock_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/PropertyAndEquipment">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/Goodwill">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_GoodwillDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_GoodwillDisclosureTextBlock_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_GoodwillDisclosureTextBlock_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/AccruedExpenses">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/Equity">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_EquityAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_EquityAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_EquityAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/CommitmentsAndContingencies">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LegalMattersAndContingenciesTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_LegalMattersAndContingenciesTextBlock_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_LegalMattersAndContingenciesTextBlock_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/IncomeTaxes">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/StockBasedCompensation">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/RelatedPartyTransactions">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/BusinessSegmentAndGeographicInformation">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SegmentReportingAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SegmentReportingAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SegmentReportingDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SegmentReportingDisclosureTextBlock_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SegmentReportingAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SegmentReportingDisclosureTextBlock_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/Revolvingcreditfacility">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_RevolvingCreditFacilityAbstract" xlink:label="loc_zdge_RevolvingCreditFacilityAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTextBlock_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_RevolvingCreditFacilityAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTextBlock_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/DefinedContributionPlan">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CompensationAndRetirementDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CompensationAndRetirementDisclosureAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CompensationAndEmployeeBenefitPlansOtherThanShareBasedCompensationTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CompensationAndEmployeeBenefitPlansOtherThanShareBasedCompensationTextBlock_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_CompensationAndRetirementDisclosureAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CompensationAndEmployeeBenefitPlansOtherThanShareBasedCompensationTextBlock_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/SubsequentEventFreeformDevelopmentInc">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventsAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventsAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventsTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventsTextBlock_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventsAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventsTextBlock_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/DescriptionofBusinessandSummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_DescriptionOfBusinessPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_zdge_DescriptionOfBusinessPolicyTextBlock_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_zdge_DescriptionOfBusinessPolicyTextBlock_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_CompanysSpinOffPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_zdge_CompanysSpinOffPolicyTextBlock_2" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_zdge_CompanysSpinOffPolicyTextBlock_2" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock_3" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock_3" order="20" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_UseOfEstimates" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_UseOfEstimates_4" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_UseOfEstimates_4" order="30" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueRecognitionPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_RevenueRecognitionPolicyTextBlock_5" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_RevenueRecognitionPolicyTextBlock_5" order="40" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk_6" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk_6" order="50" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CostOfSalesPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CostOfSalesPolicyTextBlock_7" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CostOfSalesPolicyTextBlock_7" order="60" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_LongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_zdge_LongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock_8" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_zdge_LongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock_8" order="70" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ResearchDevelopmentAndComputerSoftwarePolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ResearchDevelopmentAndComputerSoftwarePolicyTextBlock_9" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ResearchDevelopmentAndComputerSoftwarePolicyTextBlock_9" order="80" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsGoodwillPolicy" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsGoodwillPolicy_10" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsGoodwillPolicy_10" order="90" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock_11" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock_11" order="100" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock_12" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock_12" order="110" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock_13" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock_13" order="120" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock_14" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock_14" order="130" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy_15" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy_15" order="140" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock_16" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock_16" order="150" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_DerivativeInstrumentsForeignExchangeForwardContractsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_zdge_DerivativeInstrumentsForeignExchangeForwardContractsPolicyTextBlock_17" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_zdge_DerivativeInstrumentsForeignExchangeForwardContractsPolicyTextBlock_17" order="160" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock_18" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock_18" order="170" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ReceivablesTradeAndOtherAccountsReceivableAllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsPolicy" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ReceivablesTradeAndOtherAccountsReceivableAllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsPolicy_19" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ReceivablesTradeAndOtherAccountsReceivableAllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsPolicy_19" order="180" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_20" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_20" order="190" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/DescriptionofBusinessandSummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesTables">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareDilutedByCommonClassTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareDilutedByCommonClassTextBlock_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareDilutedByCommonClassTextBlock_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock_2" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock_2" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/FairValueMeasurementsTables">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/DerivativeInstrumentsTables">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsAndHedgingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsAndHedgingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfNotionalAmountsOfOutstandingDerivativePositionsTableTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfNotionalAmountsOfOutstandingDerivativePositionsTableTextBlock_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsAndHedgingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfNotionalAmountsOfOutstandingDerivativePositionsTableTextBlock_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfDerivativeInstrumentsInStatementOfFinancialPositionFairValueTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfDerivativeInstrumentsInStatementOfFinancialPositionFairValueTextBlock_2" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsAndHedgingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfDerivativeInstrumentsInStatementOfFinancialPositionFairValueTextBlock_2" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfDerivativesInstrumentsStatementsOfFinancialPerformanceAndFinancialPositionLocationTableTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfDerivativesInstrumentsStatementsOfFinancialPerformanceAndFinancialPositionLocationTableTextBlock_3" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsAndHedgingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfDerivativesInstrumentsStatementsOfFinancialPerformanceAndFinancialPositionLocationTableTextBlock_3" order="20" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/PropertyandEquipmentTables">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/GoodwillTables">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfIntangibleAssetsAndGoodwillTableTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfIntangibleAssetsAndGoodwillTableTextBlock_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfIntangibleAssetsAndGoodwillTableTextBlock_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/Accruedexpensestables">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/EquityTables">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_EquityAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_EquityAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_ScheduleOfMezzanineEquityTableTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_zdge_ScheduleOfMezzanineEquityTableTextBlock_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_EquityAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_zdge_ScheduleOfMezzanineEquityTableTextBlock_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/CommitmentsandContingenciesTables">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfFutureMinimumRentalPaymentsForOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfFutureMinimumRentalPaymentsForOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfFutureMinimumRentalPaymentsForOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/IncomeTaxesTables">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfIncomeBeforeIncomeTaxDomesticAndForeignTableTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfIncomeBeforeIncomeTaxDomesticAndForeignTableTextBlock_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfIncomeBeforeIncomeTaxDomesticAndForeignTableTextBlock_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock_2" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock_2" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock_3" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock_3" order="20" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_4" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_4" order="30" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SummaryOfValuationAllowanceTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SummaryOfValuationAllowanceTextBlock_5" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SummaryOfValuationAllowanceTextBlock_5" order="40" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/StockBasedCompensationTables">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedPaymentAwardStockOptionsValuationAssumptionsTableTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedPaymentAwardStockOptionsValuationAssumptionsTableTextBlock_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedPaymentAwardStockOptionsValuationAssumptionsTableTextBlock_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock_2" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock_2" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/RelatedPartyTransactionsTables">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsTableTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsTableTextBlock_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsTableTextBlock_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/BusinessSegmentAndGeographicInformationTables">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SegmentReportingAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SegmentReportingAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LongLivedAssetsByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_LongLivedAssetsByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SegmentReportingAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_LongLivedAssetsByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/DescriptionofBusinessandSummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesDetails">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingDilutedDisclosureItemsAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingDilutedDisclosureItemsAbstract_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingDilutedDisclosureItemsAbstract_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_2" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingDilutedDisclosureItemsAbstract_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_2" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberDilutedSharesOutstandingAdjustmentAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberDilutedSharesOutstandingAdjustmentAbstract_3" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingDilutedDisclosureItemsAbstract_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberDilutedSharesOutstandingAdjustmentAbstract_3" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToCallOptionsAndWarrants" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToCallOptionsAndWarrants_4" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberDilutedSharesOutstandingAdjustmentAbstract_3" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToCallOptionsAndWarrants_4" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends_5" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberDilutedSharesOutstandingAdjustmentAbstract_3" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends_5" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_6" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingDilutedDisclosureItemsAbstract_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_6" order="20" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/DescriptionofBusinessandSummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesDetails1">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTable" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTable_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTable_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_2" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_2" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesNameDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesNameDomain_3" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesNameDomain_3" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_4" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesNameDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_4" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_NonVestedRestrictedClassBCommonStockMember" xlink:label="loc_zdge_NonVestedRestrictedClassBCommonStockMember_5" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesNameDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_zdge_NonVestedRestrictedClassBCommonStockMember_5" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems_6" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems_6" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_7" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems_6" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_7" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/DescriptionOfBusinessAndSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesDetailsTextual">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_DescriptionOfBusinessAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesTable" xlink:label="loc_zdge_DescriptionOfBusinessAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesTable_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_zdge_DescriptionOfBusinessAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesTable_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_2" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_DescriptionOfBusinessAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_2" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_4" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_4" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_5" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_5" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_6" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_DescriptionOfBusinessAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_6" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain_7" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_6" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain_7" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_8" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain_7" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_8" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_9" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain_7" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_9" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ProductOrServiceAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ProductOrServiceAxis_10" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_DescriptionOfBusinessAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ProductOrServiceAxis_10" order="20" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ProductsAndServicesDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ProductsAndServicesDomain_11" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ProductOrServiceAxis_10" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ProductsAndServicesDomain_11" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_CustomerOneMember" xlink:label="loc_zdge_CustomerOneMember_12" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ProductsAndServicesDomain_11" xlink:to="loc_zdge_CustomerOneMember_12" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_CustomerTwoMember" xlink:label="loc_zdge_CustomerTwoMember_13" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ProductsAndServicesDomain_11" xlink:to="loc_zdge_CustomerTwoMember_13" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_CustomerThreeMember" xlink:label="loc_zdge_CustomerThreeMember_14" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ProductsAndServicesDomain_11" xlink:to="loc_zdge_CustomerThreeMember_14" order="20" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_15" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_DescriptionOfBusinessAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_15" order="30" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain_16" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_15" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain_16" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SoftwareAndSoftwareDevelopmentCostsMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SoftwareAndSoftwareDevelopmentCostsMember_17" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain_16" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SoftwareAndSoftwareDevelopmentCostsMember_17" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOtherTypesMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOtherTypesMember_18" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain_16" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOtherTypesMember_18" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_DescriptionOfBusinessAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesLineItems" xlink:label="loc_zdge_DescriptionOfBusinessAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesLineItems_19" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_DescriptionOfBusinessAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesTable_1" xlink:to="loc_zdge_DescriptionOfBusinessAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesLineItems_19" order="40" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_BasisOfPresentationTextualAbstract" xlink:label="loc_zdge_BasisOfPresentationTextualAbstract_20" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_DescriptionOfBusinessAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesLineItems_19" xlink:to="loc_zdge_BasisOfPresentationTextualAbstract_20" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_21" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_BasisOfPresentationTextualAbstract_20" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_21" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_NumberOfCustomers" xlink:label="loc_zdge_NumberOfCustomers_22" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_BasisOfPresentationTextualAbstract_20" xlink:to="loc_zdge_NumberOfCustomers_22" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_23" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_BasisOfPresentationTextualAbstract_20" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_23" order="20" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentEstimatedUsefulLives" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentEstimatedUsefulLives_24" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_BasisOfPresentationTextualAbstract_20" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentEstimatedUsefulLives_24" order="30" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments_25" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_BasisOfPresentationTextualAbstract_20" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments_25" order="40" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherInformationPertainingToIncomeTaxes" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_OtherInformationPertainingToIncomeTaxes_26" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_BasisOfPresentationTextualAbstract_20" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_OtherInformationPertainingToIncomeTaxes_26" order="50" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/FairValueMeasurementsDetails">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis_2" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis_2" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementFrequencyDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementFrequencyDomain_3" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementFrequencyDomain_3" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_4" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementFrequencyDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_4" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis_5" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis_5" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain_6" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis_5" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain_6" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member_7" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain_6" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member_7" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member_8" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain_6" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member_8" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member_9" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain_6" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member_9" order="20" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems_10" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems_10" order="20" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract_11" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems_10" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract_11" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyContractAssetFairValueDisclosure" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyContractAssetFairValueDisclosure_12" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract_11" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyContractAssetFairValueDisclosure_12" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosureAbstract_13" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems_10" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosureAbstract_13" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyContractsLiabilityFairValueDisclosure" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyContractsLiabilityFairValueDisclosure_14" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosureAbstract_13" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyContractsLiabilityFairValueDisclosure_14" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/DerivativeInstrumentsDetails">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsAndHedgingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsAndHedgingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsGainLossByHedgingRelationshipByIncomeStatementLocationByDerivativeInstrumentRiskTable" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsGainLossByHedgingRelationshipByIncomeStatementLocationByDerivativeInstrumentRiskTable_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsAndHedgingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsGainLossByHedgingRelationshipByIncomeStatementLocationByDerivativeInstrumentRiskTable_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis_2" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsGainLossByHedgingRelationshipByIncomeStatementLocationByDerivativeInstrumentRiskTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis_2" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DerivativeContractTypeDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DerivativeContractTypeDomain_3" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_DerivativeContractTypeDomain_3" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_AugustTwoZeroOneSevenMember" xlink:label="loc_zdge_AugustTwoZeroOneSevenMember_4" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DerivativeContractTypeDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_zdge_AugustTwoZeroOneSevenMember_4" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_SeptemberTwoZeroOneSevenMember" xlink:label="loc_zdge_SeptemberTwoZeroOneSevenMember_5" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DerivativeContractTypeDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_zdge_SeptemberTwoZeroOneSevenMember_5" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DerivativeLineItems" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DerivativeLineItems_6" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsGainLossByHedgingRelationshipByIncomeStatementLocationByDerivativeInstrumentRiskTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_DerivativeLineItems_6" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_MaturityOfForeignCurrencyDerivatives1" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_MaturityOfForeignCurrencyDerivatives1_7" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DerivativeLineItems_6" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_MaturityOfForeignCurrencyDerivatives1_7" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_DerivativeUnderlyingAmount" xlink:label="loc_zdge_DerivativeUnderlyingAmount_8" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DerivativeLineItems_6" xlink:to="loc_zdge_DerivativeUnderlyingAmount_8" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/DerivativeInstrumentsDetails1">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsAndHedgingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsAndHedgingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentsAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentsAbstract_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsAndHedgingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentsAbstract_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyDerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentsAssetAtFairValue" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyDerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentsAssetAtFairValue_2" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentsAbstract_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyDerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentsAssetAtFairValue_2" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyDerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentsLiabilityAtFairValue" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyDerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentsLiabilityAtFairValue_3" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentsAbstract_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyDerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentsLiabilityAtFairValue_3" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/DerivativeInstrumentsDetails2">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsAndHedgingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsAndHedgingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentsAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentsAbstract_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsAndHedgingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentsAbstract_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_GainLossOnForeignCurrencyDerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstruments" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_GainLossOnForeignCurrencyDerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstruments_2" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentsAbstract_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_GainLossOnForeignCurrencyDerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstruments_2" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/PropertyandEquipmentDetails">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CapitalizedComputerSoftwareGross" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CapitalizedComputerSoftwareGross_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CapitalizedComputerSoftwareGross_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOther" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOther_2" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOther_2" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_3" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_3" order="20" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment_4" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment_4" order="30" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_5" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_5" order="40" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/PropertyAndEquipmentDetailsTextual">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_PropertyAndEquipmentTextualAbstract" xlink:label="loc_zdge_PropertyAndEquipmentTextualAbstract_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_zdge_PropertyAndEquipmentTextualAbstract_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization_2" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_PropertyAndEquipmentTextualAbstract_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization_2" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets_3" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_PropertyAndEquipmentTextualAbstract_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets_3" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/GoodwillDetails">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_Goodwill" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_Goodwill_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_Goodwill_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss_2" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss_2" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_Goodwill" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_Goodwill_3" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_Goodwill_3" order="20" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/AccruedExpensesDetails">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedVacationCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AccruedVacationCurrent_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AccruedVacationCurrent_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedPayrollTaxesCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AccruedPayrollTaxesCurrent_2" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AccruedPayrollTaxesCurrent_2" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedBonusesCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AccruedBonusesCurrent_3" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AccruedBonusesCurrent_3" order="20" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_AccruedDirectCostCurrent" xlink:label="loc_zdge_AccruedDirectCostCurrent_4" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_zdge_AccruedDirectCostCurrent_4" order="30" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedAdvertisingCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AccruedAdvertisingCurrent_5" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AccruedAdvertisingCurrent_5" order="40" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent_6" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent_6" order="50" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent_7" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent_7" order="60" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_8" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_8" order="70" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_9" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_9" order="80" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/EquityDetails">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_EquityAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_EquityAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTable" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTable_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_EquityAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTable_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_2" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_2" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SeriesBPreferredStockMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SeriesBPreferredStockMember_4" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SeriesBPreferredStockMember_4" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems_5" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems_5" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_MezzanineEquityAbstract" xlink:label="loc_zdge_MezzanineEquityAbstract_6" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems_5" xlink:to="loc_zdge_MezzanineEquityAbstract_6" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_MezzanineEquityPreferredStock" xlink:label="loc_zdge_MezzanineEquityPreferredStock_7" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_MezzanineEquityAbstract_6" xlink:to="loc_zdge_MezzanineEquityPreferredStock_7" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_MezzanineEquityPreferredStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:label="loc_zdge_MezzanineEquityPreferredStockSharesOutstanding_8" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_MezzanineEquityAbstract_6" xlink:to="loc_zdge_MezzanineEquityPreferredStockSharesOutstanding_8" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_ReclassificationsOfMezzanineEquity" xlink:label="loc_zdge_ReclassificationsOfMezzanineEquity_9" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_MezzanineEquityAbstract_6" xlink:to="loc_zdge_ReclassificationsOfMezzanineEquity_9" order="20" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_ReclassificationOfMezzanineEquityShares" xlink:label="loc_zdge_ReclassificationOfMezzanineEquityShares_10" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_MezzanineEquityAbstract_6" xlink:to="loc_zdge_ReclassificationOfMezzanineEquityShares_10" order="30" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_MezzanineEquityPreferredStock" xlink:label="loc_zdge_MezzanineEquityPreferredStock_11" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_MezzanineEquityAbstract_6" xlink:to="loc_zdge_MezzanineEquityPreferredStock_11" order="40" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_MezzanineEquityPreferredStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:label="loc_zdge_MezzanineEquityPreferredStockSharesOutstanding_12" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_MezzanineEquityAbstract_6" xlink:to="loc_zdge_MezzanineEquityPreferredStockSharesOutstanding_12" order="50" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/EquityDetailsTextual">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_EquityAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_EquityAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementTable" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementTable_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_EquityAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StatementTable_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_2" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_2" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_4" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_4" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationGuidance" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_5" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_5" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_EquityTextualAbstract" xlink:label="loc_zdge_EquityTextualAbstract_6" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_5" xlink:to="loc_zdge_EquityTextualAbstract_6" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockVotingRights" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommonStockVotingRights_7" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_5" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CommonStockVotingRights_7" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock_8" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_5" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock_8" order="20" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/definitionGuidance" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_SalesOfStockPercentageOfOwnershipSold" xlink:label="loc_zdge_SalesOfStockPercentageOfOwnershipSold_9" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_5" xlink:to="loc_zdge_SalesOfStockPercentageOfOwnershipSold_9" order="30" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/CommitmentsandContingenciesDetails">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_CommitmentsAndContingenciesTable" xlink:label="loc_zdge_CommitmentsAndContingenciesTable_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_zdge_CommitmentsAndContingenciesTable_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CollateralAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CollateralAxis_2" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_CommitmentsAndContingenciesTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CollateralAxis_2" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CollateralDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CollateralDomain_3" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_CollateralAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CollateralDomain_3" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RealEstateMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_RealEstateMember_4" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_CollateralDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_RealEstateMember_4" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SoftwareServiceSupportAndMaintenanceArrangementMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SoftwareServiceSupportAndMaintenanceArrangementMember_5" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_CollateralDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SoftwareServiceSupportAndMaintenanceArrangementMember_5" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_CommitmentsAndContingenciesLineItems" xlink:label="loc_zdge_CommitmentsAndContingenciesLineItems_6" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_CommitmentsAndContingenciesTable_1" xlink:to="loc_zdge_CommitmentsAndContingenciesLineItems_6" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ContractualObligationFiscalYearMaturityAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ContractualObligationFiscalYearMaturityAbstract_7" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_CommitmentsAndContingenciesLineItems_6" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ContractualObligationFiscalYearMaturityAbstract_7" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent_8" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ContractualObligationFiscalYearMaturityAbstract_7" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent_8" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears_9" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ContractualObligationFiscalYearMaturityAbstract_7" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears_9" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueThereafter" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueThereafter_10" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ContractualObligationFiscalYearMaturityAbstract_7" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueThereafter_10" order="20" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue_11" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ContractualObligationFiscalYearMaturityAbstract_7" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue_11" order="30" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/CommitmentsAndContingenciesDetailsTextual">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_CommitmentsAndContingenciesTextualAbstract" xlink:label="loc_zdge_CommitmentsAndContingenciesTextualAbstract_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_zdge_CommitmentsAndContingenciesTextualAbstract_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeasesRentExpenseNet" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesRentExpenseNet_2" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_CommitmentsAndContingenciesTextualAbstract_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesRentExpenseNet_2" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LossContingencyAllegations" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_LossContingencyAllegations_3" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_CommitmentsAndContingenciesTextualAbstract_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_LossContingencyAllegations_3" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LossContingencyDamagesSoughtValue" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_LossContingencyDamagesSoughtValue_4" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_CommitmentsAndContingenciesTextualAbstract_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_LossContingencyDamagesSoughtValue_4" order="20" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/IncomeTaxesDetails">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesDomestic" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesDomestic_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesDomestic_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesForeign" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesForeign_2" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesForeign_2" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments_3" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments_3" order="20" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/IncomeTaxesDetails1">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsAbstract_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsAbstract_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CurrentForeignTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CurrentForeignTaxExpenseBenefit_2" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsAbstract_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CurrentForeignTaxExpenseBenefit_2" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CurrentFederalTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CurrentFederalTaxExpenseBenefit_3" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsAbstract_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CurrentFederalTaxExpenseBenefit_3" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CurrentStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CurrentStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefit_4" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsAbstract_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CurrentStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefit_4" order="20" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_5" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsAbstract_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_5" order="30" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsAbstract_6" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsAbstract_6" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredForeignIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DeferredForeignIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_7" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsAbstract_6" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_DeferredForeignIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_7" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredFederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DeferredFederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_8" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsAbstract_6" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_DeferredFederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_8" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DeferredStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_9" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsAbstract_6" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_DeferredStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_9" order="20" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_10" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsAbstract_6" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_10" order="30" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_11" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_11" order="20" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/IncomeTaxesDetails2">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsIncomeTaxReconciliationAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsIncomeTaxReconciliationAbstract_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsIncomeTaxReconciliationAbstract_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_2" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsIncomeTaxReconciliationAbstract_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_2" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes_3" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsIncomeTaxReconciliationAbstract_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes_3" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_4" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsIncomeTaxReconciliationAbstract_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_4" order="20" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential_5" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsIncomeTaxReconciliationAbstract_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential_5" order="30" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseMealsAndEntertainment" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseMealsAndEntertainment_6" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsIncomeTaxReconciliationAbstract_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseMealsAndEntertainment_6" order="40" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost_7" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsIncomeTaxReconciliationAbstract_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost_7" order="50" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationOtherAdjustments" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationOtherAdjustments_8" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsIncomeTaxReconciliationAbstract_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationOtherAdjustments_8" order="60" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_9" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsIncomeTaxReconciliationAbstract_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_9" order="70" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/IncomeTaxesDetails3">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesAbstract_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesAbstract_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAbstract_2" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesAbstract_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAbstract_2" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards_3" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAbstract_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards_3" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccruals" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccruals_4" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAbstract_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccruals_4" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsShareBasedCompensationCost" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsShareBasedCompensationCost_5" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAbstract_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsShareBasedCompensationCost_5" order="20" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross_6" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAbstract_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross_6" order="30" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_7" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAbstract_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_7" order="40" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet_8" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAbstract_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet_8" order="50" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilities" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilities_9" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesAbstract_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilities_9" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet_10" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesAbstract_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet_10" order="20" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/IncomeTaxesDetails4">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceAbstract_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceAbstract_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesBalance" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesBalance_2" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceAbstract_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesBalance_2" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesChargedToCostAndExpense" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesChargedToCostAndExpense_3" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceAbstract_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesChargedToCostAndExpense_3" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesDeductions" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesDeductions_4" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceAbstract_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesDeductions_4" order="20" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesBalance" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesBalance_5" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceAbstract_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesBalance_5" order="30" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/IncomeTaxesDetailsTextual">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersTable" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersTable_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersTable_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis_2" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis_2" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersTypeDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersTypeDomain_3" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersTypeDomain_3" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_NorwaySkattefunnMember" xlink:label="loc_zdge_NorwaySkattefunnMember_4" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersTypeDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_zdge_NorwaySkattefunnMember_4" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis_5" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis_5" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeDomain_6" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis_5" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeDomain_6" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_FederalOperatingLossCarryforwardMember" xlink:label="loc_zdge_FederalOperatingLossCarryforwardMember_7" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeDomain_6" xlink:to="loc_zdge_FederalOperatingLossCarryforwardMember_7" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_StateOperatingLossCarryforwardMember" xlink:label="loc_zdge_StateOperatingLossCarryforwardMember_8" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeDomain_6" xlink:to="loc_zdge_StateOperatingLossCarryforwardMember_8" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersLineItems" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersLineItems_9" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersLineItems_9" order="20" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_IncomeTaxesTextualAbstract" xlink:label="loc_zdge_IncomeTaxesTextualAbstract_10" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersLineItems_9" xlink:to="loc_zdge_IncomeTaxesTextualAbstract_10" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_UndistributedEarningsOfForeignSubsidiaries" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_UndistributedEarningsOfForeignSubsidiaries_11" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_IncomeTaxesTextualAbstract_10" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_UndistributedEarningsOfForeignSubsidiaries_11" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsInterestOnIncomeTaxesAccrued" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsInterestOnIncomeTaxesAccrued_12" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_IncomeTaxesTextualAbstract_10" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsInterestOnIncomeTaxesAccrued_12" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards_13" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_IncomeTaxesTextualAbstract_10" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards_13" order="20" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationDate" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationDate_14" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_IncomeTaxesTextualAbstract_10" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationDate_14" order="30" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentAbstract_15" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_IncomeTaxesTextualAbstract_10" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentAbstract_15" order="40" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent_16" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentAbstract_15" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent_16" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_17" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentAbstract_15" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_17" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/StockBasedCompensationDetails">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate_2" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate_2" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate_3" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate_3" order="20" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate_4" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate_4" order="30" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_5" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_5" order="40" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/StockBasedCompensationDetails1">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_2" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_2" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain_3" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain_3" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_4" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_4" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_5" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_5" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_6" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_5" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_6" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross_7" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_5" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross_7" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_8" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_5" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_8" order="20" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod_9" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_5" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod_9" order="30" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_10" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_5" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_10" order="40" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_11" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_5" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_11" order="50" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_12" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_5" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_12" order="60" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_13" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_5" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_13" order="70" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_14" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_5" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_14" order="80" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_15" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_5" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_15" order="90" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_16" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_5" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_16" order="100" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice_17" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_5" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice_17" order="110" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_18" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_5" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_18" order="120" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_19" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_5" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_19" order="130" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue_20" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_5" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue_20" order="140" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1_21" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_5" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1_21" order="150" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/StockBasedCompensationDetailsTextual">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PlanNameAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_2" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_2" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PlanNameDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PlanNameDomain_3" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_PlanNameDomain_3" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_TwoThousandSixteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember" xlink:label="loc_zdge_TwoThousandSixteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_4" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_PlanNameDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_zdge_TwoThousandSixteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_4" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_5" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_5" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain_6" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_5" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain_6" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember_7" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain_6" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember_7" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_8" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain_6" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_8" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_9" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_9" order="20" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_10" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_9" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_10" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_11" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_10" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_11" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_12" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_12" order="30" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain_13" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_12" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain_13" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember_14" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain_13" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember_14" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_15" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_15" order="40" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract" xlink:label="loc_zdge_StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract_16" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_15" xlink:to="loc_zdge_StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract_16" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized_17" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract_16" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized_17" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized_18" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract_16" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized_18" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationNumberOfYears" xlink:label="loc_zdge_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationNumberOfYears_19" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract_16" xlink:to="loc_zdge_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationNumberOfYears_19" order="20" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationDate" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationDate_20" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract_16" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationDate_20" order="30" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumberExtendedExpiration" xlink:label="loc_zdge_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumberExtendedExpiration_21" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract_16" xlink:to="loc_zdge_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumberExtendedExpiration_21" order="40" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPlanModificationIncrementalCompensationCost" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPlanModificationIncrementalCompensationCost_22" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract_16" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPlanModificationIncrementalCompensationCost_22" order="50" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised_23" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract_16" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised_23" order="60" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SharesIssued" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SharesIssued_24" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract_16" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SharesIssued_24" order="70" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue_25" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract_16" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue_25" order="80" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedStockOptions" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedStockOptions_26" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract_16" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedStockOptions_26" order="90" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonVestedStockOptionsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognitionOne" xlink:label="loc_zdge_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonVestedStockOptionsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognitionOne_27" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract_16" xlink:to="loc_zdge_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonVestedStockOptionsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognitionOne_27" order="100" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDescription" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDescription_28" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract_16" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDescription_28" order="110" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross_29" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract_16" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross_29" order="120" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_StockIssuedDuringPeriodDeferredStockUnits" xlink:label="loc_zdge_StockIssuedDuringPeriodDeferredStockUnits_30" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract_16" xlink:to="loc_zdge_StockIssuedDuringPeriodDeferredStockUnits_30" order="130" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_CollectionOfReceivableFromStockholderForStockOptionExercise" xlink:label="loc_zdge_CollectionOfReceivableFromStockholderForStockOptionExercise_31" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract_16" xlink:to="loc_zdge_CollectionOfReceivableFromStockholderForStockOptionExercise_31" order="140" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_32" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract_16" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_32" order="150" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber_33" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract_16" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber_33" order="160" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/RelatedPartyTransactionsDetails">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DueToRelatedPartiesCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DueToRelatedPartiesCurrent_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_DueToRelatedPartiesCurrent_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionSellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesFromTransactionsWithRelatedParty" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionSellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesFromTransactionsWithRelatedParty_2" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionSellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesFromTransactionsWithRelatedParty_2" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RepaymentsOfRelatedPartyDebt" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_RepaymentsOfRelatedPartyDebt_3" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_RepaymentsOfRelatedPartyDebt_3" order="20" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DueToRelatedPartiesCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DueToRelatedPartiesCurrent_4" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_DueToRelatedPartiesCurrent_4" order="30" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/RelatedPartyTransactionsDetailsTextual">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyTable" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyTable_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyTable_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis_2" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis_2" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDomain_3" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDomain_3" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_IdtCorporationMember" xlink:label="loc_zdge_IdtCorporationMember_4" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_zdge_IdtCorporationMember_4" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_AppboyIncMember" xlink:label="loc_zdge_AppboyIncMember_5" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_zdge_AppboyIncMember_5" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems_6" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems_6" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_RelatedPartyTransactionsTextualAbstract" xlink:label="loc_zdge_RelatedPartyTransactionsTextualAbstract_7" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems_6" xlink:to="loc_zdge_RelatedPartyTransactionsTextualAbstract_7" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet_8" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_RelatedPartyTransactionsTextualAbstract_7" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet_8" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_RelatedPartyTransactionAggregatePaymentMadeToRelatedParty" xlink:label="loc_zdge_RelatedPartyTransactionAggregatePaymentMadeToRelatedParty_9" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_RelatedPartyTransactionsTextualAbstract_7" xlink:to="loc_zdge_RelatedPartyTransactionAggregatePaymentMadeToRelatedParty_9" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/BusinessSegmentAndGeographicInformationDetails">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SegmentReportingAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SegmentReportingAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTable" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTable_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SegmentReportingAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTable_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementGeographicalAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementGeographicalAxis_2" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StatementGeographicalAxis_2" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SegmentGeographicalDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SegmentGeographicalDomain_3" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementGeographicalAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SegmentGeographicalDomain_3" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2017/country-2017-01-31.xsd#country_US" xlink:label="loc_country_US_4" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SegmentGeographicalDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_country_US_4" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_ForeignMember" xlink:label="loc_zdge_ForeignMember_5" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SegmentGeographicalDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_zdge_ForeignMember_5" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems_6" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems_6" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NoncurrentAssets" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_NoncurrentAssets_7" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems_6" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_NoncurrentAssets_7" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_Assets" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_Assets_8" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems_6" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_Assets_8" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/Revolvingcreditfacilitydetails">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_RevolvingCreditFacilityAbstract" xlink:label="loc_zdge_RevolvingCreditFacilityAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityTable" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityTable_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_RevolvingCreditFacilityAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityTable_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_2" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_2" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CreditFacilityDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CreditFacilityDomain_3" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CreditFacilityDomain_3" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ForeignExchangeContractMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ForeignExchangeContractMember_4" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_CreditFacilityDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ForeignExchangeContractMember_4" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_5" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_5" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain_6" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_5" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain_6" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember_7" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain_6" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember_7" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems_8" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems_8" order="20" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_RevolvingCreditFacilityTextualAbstract" xlink:label="loc_zdge_RevolvingCreditFacilityTextualAbstract_9" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems_8" xlink:to="loc_zdge_RevolvingCreditFacilityTextualAbstract_9" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity_10" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_RevolvingCreditFacilityTextualAbstract_9" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity_10" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityBorrowingCapacityDescription" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityBorrowingCapacityDescription_11" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_RevolvingCreditFacilityTextualAbstract_9" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityBorrowingCapacityDescription_11" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateDescription" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateDescription_12" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_RevolvingCreditFacilityTextualAbstract_9" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateDescription_12" order="20" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityExpirationDate1" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityExpirationDate1_13" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_RevolvingCreditFacilityTextualAbstract_9" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityExpirationDate1_13" order="30" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityCollateralFeesAmount" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityCollateralFeesAmount_14" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_RevolvingCreditFacilityTextualAbstract_9" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityCollateralFeesAmount_14" order="40" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsDescription" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsDescription_15" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_RevolvingCreditFacilityTextualAbstract_9" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsDescription_15" order="50" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacityDerivativeUnderlyingAmountAggregateForeignExchangeContracts" xlink:label="loc_zdge_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacityDerivativeUnderlyingAmountAggregateForeignExchangeContracts_16" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_RevolvingCreditFacilityTextualAbstract_9" xlink:to="loc_zdge_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacityDerivativeUnderlyingAmountAggregateForeignExchangeContracts_16" order="60" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacityReductionAmountForForeignExchangeContracts" xlink:label="loc_zdge_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacityReductionAmountForForeignExchangeContracts_17" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_RevolvingCreditFacilityTextualAbstract_9" xlink:to="loc_zdge_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacityReductionAmountForForeignExchangeContracts_17" order="70" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/DefinedContributionPlanDetails">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CompensationAndRetirementDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CompensationAndRetirementDisclosureAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanTable" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanTable_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_CompensationAndRetirementDisclosureAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanTable_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_2" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_2" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_4" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_4" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanDisclosureLineItems" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanDisclosureLineItems_5" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanDisclosureLineItems_5" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized_6" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanDisclosureLineItems_5" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized_6" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesEmployeeBenefitPlan" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesEmployeeBenefitPlan_7" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanDisclosureLineItems_5" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesEmployeeBenefitPlan_7" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
</presentationLink>
<presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.zdgee.com/role/SubsequentEventFreeformDevelopmentIncDetails">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventsAbstract" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventsAbstract_0" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventTable" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTable_1" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventsAbstract_0" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTable_1" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_2" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_2" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain_3" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain_3" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember_4" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain_3" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember_4" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_5" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_5" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_RelatedPartyDomain_6" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_5" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_RelatedPartyDomain_6" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_FreeformDevelopmentIncMember" xlink:label="loc_zdge_FreeformDevelopmentIncMember_7" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_RelatedPartyDomain_6" xlink:to="loc_zdge_FreeformDevelopmentIncMember_7" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_8" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_8" order="20" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_9" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_8" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_9" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_10" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_9" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_10" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualAxis" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualAxis_11" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualAxis_11" order="30" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualWithRelationshipToEntityDomain" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualWithRelationshipToEntityDomain_12" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualAxis_11" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualWithRelationshipToEntityDomain_12" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_EmployeesMember" xlink:label="loc_zdge_EmployeesMember_13" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualWithRelationshipToEntityDomain_12" xlink:to="loc_zdge_EmployeesMember_13" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems_14" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTable_1" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems_14" order="40" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_SubsequentEventTextualAbstract" xlink:label="loc_zdge_SubsequentEventTextualAbstract_15" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems_14" xlink:to="loc_zdge_SubsequentEventTextualAbstract_15" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaidForOperatingLiabilities" xlink:label="loc_zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaidForOperatingLiabilities_16" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_SubsequentEventTextualAbstract_15" xlink:to="loc_zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaidForOperatingLiabilities_16" order="0" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaidForConvertibleNotes" xlink:label="loc_zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaidForConvertibleNotes_17" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_SubsequentEventTextualAbstract_15" xlink:to="loc_zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaidForConvertibleNotes_17" order="10" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaid" xlink:label="loc_zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaid_18" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_SubsequentEventTextualAbstract_15" xlink:to="loc_zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaid_18" order="20" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredShares" xlink:label="loc_zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredShares_19" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_SubsequentEventTextualAbstract_15" xlink:to="loc_zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredShares_19" order="30" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredOtherFairValue" xlink:label="loc_zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredOtherFairValue_20" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_SubsequentEventTextualAbstract_15" xlink:to="loc_zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredOtherFairValue_20" order="40" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1_21" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_SubsequentEventTextualAbstract_15" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1_21" order="50" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredForLiabilities" xlink:label="loc_zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredForLiabilities_22" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_SubsequentEventTextualAbstract_15" xlink:to="loc_zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredForLiabilities_22" order="60" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredFairValueOfSharesIssuedToEmployees" xlink:label="loc_zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredFairValueOfSharesIssuedToEmployees_23" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_SubsequentEventTextualAbstract_15" xlink:to="loc_zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredFairValueOfSharesIssuedToEmployees_23" order="70" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="zdge-20170731.xsd#zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntitySharesIssuedForConvertibleNotes" xlink:label="loc_zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntitySharesIssuedForConvertibleNotes_24" />
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_zdge_SubsequentEventTextualAbstract_15" xlink:to="loc_zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntitySharesIssuedForConvertibleNotes_24" order="80" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
</presentationLink>
</linkbase>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>15
<FILENAME>R1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6771485344">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Document and Entity Information - USD ($)<br> $ in Millions</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Oct. 21, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2017</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">Zedge, Inc.<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001667313<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">ZDGE<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate', window );">Current Fiscal Year End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">--07-31<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">10-K<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Jul. 31,  2017<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus', window );">Document Fiscal Period Focus</a></td>
<td class="text">FY<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus', window );">Document Fiscal Year Focus</a></td>
<td class="text">2017<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer', window );">Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer</a></td>
<td class="text">No<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers', window );">Entity Voluntary Filers</a></td>
<td class="text">No<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus', window );">Entity Current Reporting Status</a></td>
<td class="text">Yes<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFilerCategory', window );">Entity Filer Category</a></td>
<td class="text">Smaller Reporting Company<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityPublicFloat', window );">Entity Public Float</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 23.8<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember', window );">Class A common stock</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">524,775<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Class B common stock</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,441,738<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>If the value is true, then the document is an amendment to previously-filed/accepted document.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>End date of current fiscal year in the format --MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:gMonthDayItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>This is focus fiscal period of the document report. For a first quarter 2006 quarterly report, which may also provide financial information from prior periods, the first fiscal quarter should be given as the fiscal period focus. Values: FY, Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, H1, H2, M9, T1, T2, T3, M8, CY.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fiscalPeriodItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>This is focus fiscal year of the document report in CCYY format. For a 2006 annual report, which may also provide financial information from prior periods, fiscal 2006 should be given as the fiscal year focus. Example: 2006.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:gYearItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The end date of the period reflected on the cover page if a periodic report. For all other reports and registration statements containing historical data, it is the date up through which that historical data is presented.  If there is no historical data in the report, use the filing date. The format of the date is CCYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word "Other".</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12b<br> -Subsection 1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate number of shares or other units outstanding of each of registrant's classes of capital or common stock or other ownership interests, if and as stated on cover of related periodic report. Where multiple classes or units exist define each class/interest by adding class of stock items such as Common Class A [Member], Common Class B [Member] or Partnership Interest [Member] onto the Instrument [Domain] of the Entity Listings, Instrument.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate "Yes" or "No" whether registrants (1) have filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that registrants were required to file such reports), and (2) have been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. This information should be based on the registrant's current or most recent filing containing the related disclosure.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:yesNoItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFilerCategory">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate whether the registrant is one of the following: (1) Large Accelerated Filer, (2) Accelerated Filer, (3) Non-accelerated Filer, (4) Smaller Reporting Company (Non-accelerated) or (5) Smaller Reporting Accelerated Filer. Definitions of these categories are stated in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. This information should be based on the registrant's current or most recent filing containing the related disclosure.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFilerCategory</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:filerCategoryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityPublicFloat">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>State aggregate market value of voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to price at which the common equity was last sold, or average bid and asked price of such common equity, as of the last business day of registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter. The public float should be reported on the cover page of the registrants form 10K.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityPublicFloat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12b<br> -Subsection 1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate "Yes" or "No" if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:yesNoItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate "Yes" or "No" if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Is used on Form Type: 10-K, 10-Q, 8-K, 20-F, 6-K, 10-K/A, 10-Q/A, 20-F/A, 6-K/A, N-CSR, N-Q, N-1A.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:yesNoItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_TradingSymbol">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_TradingSymbol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>16
<FILENAME>R2.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6771350896">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2016</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>CURRENT ASSETS:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,580<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,978<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent', window );">Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $0 at July 31, 2017 and 2016</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,712<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,668<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseCurrent', window );">Prepaid expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">315<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">210<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent', window );">Other current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">427<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">107<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent', window );">TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS</a></td>
<td class="nump">7,034<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,963<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Property and equipment, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,678<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,843<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Goodwill', window );">Goodwill</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,518<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,361<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent', window );">Other assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">301<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">266<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Assets', window );">TOTAL ASSETS</a></td>
<td class="nump">12,531<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12,433<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>CURRENT LIABILITIES:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent', window );">Trade accounts payable</a></td>
<td class="nump">33<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">36<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Accrued expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,840<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,487<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredRevenueCurrent', window );">Deferred revenue</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">15<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DueToRelatedPartiesCurrent', window );">Due to IDT Corporation</a></td>
<td class="nump">36<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">299<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent', window );">TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,909<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,837<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Liabilities', window );">TOTAL LIABILITIES</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,909<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,837<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies', window );">Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract', window );"><strong>STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockValue', window );">Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; authorized shares-2,400; no shares issued</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital', window );">Additional paid-in capital</a></td>
<td class="nump">21,446<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">21,045<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Accumulated other comprehensive loss</a></td>
<td class="num">(584)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(817)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit', window );">Accumulated deficit</a></td>
<td class="num">(10,336)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(9,725)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY</a></td>
<td class="nump">10,622<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10,596<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity', window );">TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY</a></td>
<td class="nump">12,531<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12,433<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember', window );">Class A common stock</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract', window );"><strong>STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockValue', window );">Common stock, value</a></td>
<td class="nump">5<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY</a></td>
<td class="nump">5<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Class B common stock</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract', window );"><strong>STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockValue', window );">Common stock, value</a></td>
<td class="nump">91<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">88<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 91<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 88<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of liabilities incurred (and for which invoices have typically been received) and payable to vendors for goods and services received that are used in an entity's business. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19(a))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred and payable, pertaining to costs that are statutory in nature, are incurred on contractual obligations, or accumulate over time and for which invoices have not yet been received or will not be rendered. Examples include taxes, interest, rent and utilities. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.20)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Accumulated change in equity from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources, net of tax effect, at period end. Excludes Net Income (Loss), and accumulated changes in equity from transactions resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. Includes foreign currency translation items, certain pension adjustments, unrealized gains and losses on certain investments in debt and equity securities, other than temporary impairment (OTTI) losses related to factors other than credit losses on available-for-sale and held-to-maturity debt securities that an entity does not intend to sell and it is not more likely than not that the entity will be required to sell before recovery of the amortized cost basis, as well as changes in the fair value of derivatives related to the effective portion of a designated cash flow hedge.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84228862&amp;loc=d3e637-108580<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84228862&amp;loc=d3e681-108580<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14A<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84228862&amp;loc=SL7669686-108580<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Excess of issue price over par or stated value of the entity's capital stock and amounts received from other transactions involving the entity's stock or stockholders. Includes adjustments to additional paid in capital. Some examples of such adjustments include recording the issuance of debt with a beneficial conversion feature and certain tax consequences of equity instruments awarded to employees. Use this element for the aggregate amount of additional paid-in capital associated with common and preferred stock. For additional paid-in capital associated with only common stock, use the element additional paid in capital, common stock. For additional paid-in capital associated with only preferred stock, use the element additional paid in capital, preferred stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(1))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Assets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all assets that are recognized. Assets are probable future economic benefits obtained or controlled by an entity as a result of past transactions or events.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(12))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879938&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(11))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6876686&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Assets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all assets that are expected to be realized in cash, sold, or consumed within one year (or the normal operating cycle, if longer). Assets are probable future economic benefits obtained or controlled by an entity as a result of past transactions or events.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.9)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82887183&amp;loc=d3e6801-107765<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82887183&amp;loc=d3e6676-107765<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AssetsCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Also includes short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Excludes cash and cash equivalents within disposal group and discontinued operation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82887183&amp;loc=d3e6676-107765<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3044-108585<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Represents the caption on the face of the balance sheet to indicate that the entity has entered into (1) purchase or supply arrangements that will require expending a portion of its resources to meet the terms thereof, and (2) is exposed to potential losses or, less frequently, gains, arising from (a) possible claims against a company's resources due to future performance under contract terms, and (b) possible losses or likely gains from uncertainties that will ultimately be resolved when one or more future events that are deemed likely to occur do occur or fail to occur.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03.(a),19)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879938&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 450<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82911808&amp;loc=d3e14326-108349<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03.17)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6876686&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.25)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate par or stated value of issued nonredeemable common stock (or common stock redeemable solely at the option of the issuer). This item includes treasury stock repurchased by the entity. Note: elements for number of nonredeemable common shares, par value and other disclosure concepts are in another section within stockholders' equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredRevenueCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The carrying amount of consideration received or receivable as of the balance sheet date on potential earnings that were not recognized as revenue in conformity with GAAP, and which are expected to be recognized as such within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer, including sales, license fees, and royalties, but excluding interest income.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 605<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 13.A.3(b).Q1(c))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65893310&amp;loc=d3e214044-122780<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82887183&amp;loc=d3e6935-107765<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 605<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 13.A.4(a).Q1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65893310&amp;loc=d3e214044-122780<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 605<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 13.A.3)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65893310&amp;loc=d3e214044-122780<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 605<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 13.A.3(b).Q2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65893310&amp;loc=d3e214044-122780<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 605<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 13.A.3(b))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65893310&amp;loc=d3e214044-122780<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 605<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 13.A.3(c).Q3)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65893310&amp;loc=d3e214044-122780<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredRevenueCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DueToRelatedPartiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying amount as of the balance sheet date of obligations due all related parties. For classified balance sheets, represents the current portion of such liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(k)(1))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 850<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6457730&amp;loc=d3e39549-107864<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19(a))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DueToRelatedPartiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Goodwill">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after accumulated impairment loss of an asset representing future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired in a business combination that are not individually identified and separately recognized.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=35741047&amp;loc=d3e13816-109267<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6388280&amp;loc=d3e13770-109266<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=77989000&amp;loc=SL49117168-202975<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Goodwill</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Liabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all liabilities that are recognized. Liabilities are probable future sacrifices of economic benefits arising from present obligations of an entity to transfer assets or provide services to other entities in the future.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19-26)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Liabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities and equity items, including the portion of equity attributable to noncontrolling interests, if any.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(23))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6876686&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(25))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879938&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(32))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total obligations incurred as part of normal operations that are expected to be paid during the following twelve months or within one business cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.21)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current assets classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.8)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of noncurrent assets classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.17)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate par or stated value of issued nonredeemable preferred stock (or preferred stock redeemable solely at the option of the issuer). This item includes treasury stock repurchased by the entity. Note: elements for number of nonredeemable preferred shares, par value and other disclosure concepts are in another section within stockholders' equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PreferredStockValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of asset related to consideration paid in advance for costs that provide economic benefits within a future period of one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82887183&amp;loc=d3e6787-107765<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 340<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 05<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68074540&amp;loc=d3e5879-108316<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (g)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82887183&amp;loc=d3e6676-107765<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(13))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(14))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(8))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879938&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The total amount due to the entity within one year of the balance sheet date (or one operating cycle, if longer) from outside sources, including trade accounts receivable, notes and loans receivable, as well as any other types of receivables, net of allowances established for the purpose of reducing such receivables to an amount that approximates their net realizable value.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(4))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-06(3))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6488278&amp;loc=d3e604059-122996<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(3))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(5))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879938&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cumulative amount of the reporting entity's undistributed earnings or deficit.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(23)(a)(4))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879938&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(3))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total of all stockholders' equity (deficit) items, net of receivables from officers, directors, owners, and affiliates of the entity which are attributable to the parent. The amount of the economic entity's stockholders' equity attributable to the parent excludes the amount of stockholders' equity which is allocable to that ownership interest in subsidiary equity which is not attributable to the parent (noncontrolling interest, minority interest). This excludes temporary equity and is sometimes called permanent equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 4.E)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27010918&amp;loc=d3e74512-122707<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(31))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>17
<FILENAME>R3.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6771463568">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($)<br> shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2016</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent', window );">Allowance for doubtful accounts</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Preferred stock, par value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.01<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.01<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Preferred stock, shares authorized</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,400<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,400<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued', window );">Preferred stock, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember', window );">Class A common stock</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Common stock, par value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.01<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.01<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Common stock, shares authorized</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,600<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued', window );">Common stock, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">525<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">525<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Common stock, shares outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">525<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">525<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Class B common stock</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Common stock, par value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.01<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.01<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Common stock, shares authorized</a></td>
<td class="nump">40,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">40,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued', window );">Common stock, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">9,123<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,819<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Common stock, shares outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">9,123<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,819<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A valuation allowance for trade and other receivables due to an Entity within one year (or the normal operating cycle, whichever is longer) that are expected to be uncollectible.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.4)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84173941&amp;loc=d3e5074-111524<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Face amount or stated value per share of common stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The maximum number of common shares permitted to be issued by an entity's charter and bylaws.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total number of common shares of an entity that have been sold or granted to shareholders (includes common shares that were issued, repurchased and remain in the treasury). These shares represent capital invested by the firm's shareholders and owners, and may be all or only a portion of the number of shares authorized. Shares issued include shares outstanding and shares held in the treasury.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares of common stock outstanding. Common stock represent the ownership interest in a corporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84159872&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Face amount or stated value per share of preferred stock nonredeemable or redeemable solely at the option of the issuer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The maximum number of nonredeemable preferred shares (or preferred stock redeemable solely at the option of the issuer) permitted to be issued by an entity's charter and bylaws.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total number of nonredeemable preferred shares (or preferred stock redeemable solely at the option of the issuer) issued to shareholders (includes related preferred shares that were issued, repurchased, and remain in the treasury). May be all or portion of the number of preferred shares authorized. Excludes preferred shares that are classified as debt.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>18
<FILENAME>R4.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6771436672">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income - USD ($)<br> shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2016</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract', window );"><strong>Income Statement [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">REVENUES</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 10,031<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 11,113<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract', window );"><strong>COSTS AND EXPENSES:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CostOfRevenue', window );">Direct cost of revenue (exclusive of amortization of capitalized software and technology development costs included below)</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,567<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,299<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense', window );">Selling, general and administrative</a></td>
<td class="nump">8,468<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,755<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization', window );">Depreciation and amortization</a></td>
<td class="nump">643<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">605<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1', window );">Write-off of capitalized software and technology development costs</a></td>
<td class="nump">36<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">281<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss', window );">(LOSS) INCOME FROM OPERATIONS</a></td>
<td class="num">(683)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,173<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestIncomeExpenseNet', window );">Interest and other income</a></td>
<td class="nump">19<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax', window );">Net gain (loss) resulting from foreign exchange transactions</a></td>
<td class="nump">37<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(49)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments', window );">(LOSS) INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES</a></td>
<td class="num">(627)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,126<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">Benefit from (provision for) income taxes</a></td>
<td class="nump">16<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(143)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">NET (LOSS) INCOME</a></td>
<td class="num">(611)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">983<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPeriodIncreaseDecreaseAbstract', window );"><strong>Other comprehensive income (loss):</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax', window );">Changes in foreign currency translation adjustment</a></td>
<td class="nump">233<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(162)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">TOTAL OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)</a></td>
<td class="nump">233<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(162)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax', window );">TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (378)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 821<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract', window );"><strong>(Loss) earnings per share attributable to Zedge, Inc. common stockholders:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic', window );">Basic</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (0.06)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.12<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted', window );">Diluted</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (0.06)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.11<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedOtherDisclosuresAbstract', window );"><strong>Weighted-average number of shares used in calculation of (loss) earnings per share:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic', window );">Basic</a></td>
<td class="nump">9,467<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,346<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding', window );">Diluted</a></td>
<td class="nump">9,467<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,279<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax of increase (decrease) in equity from transactions and other events and circumstances from net income and other comprehensive income, attributable to parent entity. Excludes changes in equity resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84228862&amp;loc=d3e557-108580<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CostOfRevenue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate cost of goods produced and sold and services rendered during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 225<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=63488584&amp;loc=d3e20235-122688<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CostOfRevenue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The current period expense charged against earnings on long-lived, physical assets not used in production, and which are not intended for resale, to allocate or recognize the cost of such assets over their useful lives; or to record the reduction in book value of an intangible asset over the benefit period of such asset; or to reflect consumption during the period of an asset that is not used in production.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of net income (loss) for the period per each share of common stock or unit outstanding during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 52<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96948231&amp;loc=d3e4984-109258<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 225<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(19))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879464&amp;loc=d3e573970-122913<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96947427&amp;loc=d3e1252-109256<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 225<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(21))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=63488584&amp;loc=d3e20235-122688<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 225<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(23))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879574&amp;loc=d3e536633-122882<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedOtherDisclosuresAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedOtherDisclosuresAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of net income (loss) for the period available to each share of common stock or common unit outstanding during the reporting period and to each share or unit that would have been outstanding assuming the issuance of common shares or units for all dilutive potential common shares or units outstanding during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 225<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(19))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879464&amp;loc=d3e573970-122913<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96947427&amp;loc=d3e1252-109256<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 225<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(21))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=63488584&amp;loc=d3e20235-122688<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 225<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(23))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879574&amp;loc=d3e536633-122882<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before tax of foreign currency transaction realized and unrealized gain (loss) recognized in the income statement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6450222&amp;loc=d3e30840-110895<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=64836518&amp;loc=d3e30700-110894<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=64836518&amp;loc=d3e30690-110894<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of gain (loss) on sale or disposal of assets, including but not limited to property plant and equipment, intangible assets and equity in securities of subsidiaries or equity method investee.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68055307&amp;loc=d3e2443-110228<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of income (loss) from continuing operations before deduction of income tax expense (benefit) and income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest, and addition of income (loss) from equity method investments.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(h)(1)(i))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (a),(b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32639-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(h))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InterestIncomeExpenseNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The net amount of operating interest income (expense).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 225<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04.10)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879574&amp;loc=d3e536633-122882<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InterestIncomeExpenseNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 225<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(22))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879574&amp;loc=d3e536633-122882<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 225<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(18))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879464&amp;loc=d3e573970-122913<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 225<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(20))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=63488584&amp;loc=d3e20235-122688<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The net result for the period of deducting operating expenses from operating revenues.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax, before reclassification adjustments of gain (loss) on foreign currency translation adjustments, foreign currency transactions designated and effective as economic hedges of a net investment in a foreign entity and intra-entity foreign currency transactions that are of a long-term-investment nature.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=64808268&amp;loc=d3e32211-110900<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10A<br> -Subparagraph (a-c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84228862&amp;loc=SL7669646-108580<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6450520&amp;loc=d3e32583-110901<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84228862&amp;loc=d3e637-108580<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=64808268&amp;loc=d3e32022-110900<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 18<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=64808268&amp;loc=d3e32157-110900<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax and reclassification adjustments of other comprehensive income (loss).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84159872&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84228862&amp;loc=SL7669619-108580<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84228862&amp;loc=SL7669625-108580<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84158357&amp;loc=d3e1436-108581<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPeriodIncreaseDecreaseAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPeriodIncreaseDecreaseAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Revenues">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of revenue recognized from goods sold, services rendered, insurance premiums, or other activities that constitute an earning process. Includes, but is not limited to, investment and interest income before deduction of interest expense when recognized as a component of revenue, and sales and trading gain (loss).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 225<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=63488584&amp;loc=d3e20235-122688<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Revenues</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate total costs related to selling a firm's product and services, as well as all other general and administrative expenses. Direct selling expenses (for example, credit, warranty, and advertising) are expenses that can be directly linked to the sale of specific products. Indirect selling expenses are expenses that cannot be directly linked to the sale of specific products, for example telephone expenses, Internet, and postal charges. General and administrative expenses include salaries of non-sales personnel, rent, utilities, communication, etc.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 225<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.4)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=63488584&amp;loc=d3e20235-122688<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 330<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 30<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68048583&amp;loc=d3e3636-108311<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The average number of shares or units issued and outstanding that are used in calculating diluted EPS or earnings per unit (EPU), determined based on the timing of issuance of shares or units in the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 16<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96947427&amp;loc=d3e1505-109256<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of [basic] shares or units, after adjustment for contingently issuable shares or units and other shares or units not deemed outstanding, determined by relating the portion of time within a reporting period that common shares or units have been outstanding to the total time in that period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96947427&amp;loc=d3e1448-109256<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>19
<FILENAME>R5.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6772535104">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity - USD ($)<br> shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Total</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Class A Common Stock</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Class B Common Stock</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Additional Paid-in Capital</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Accumulated Deficit</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Balance at Jul. 31, 2015</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 6,444<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 76<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 17,726<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (655)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (10,708)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding', window );">Balance, shares at Jul. 31, 2015</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">525<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,637<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_ReclassificationOfMezzanineEquity', window );">Reclassification of mezzanine equity</a></td>
<td class="nump">100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues', window );">Sale of equity prior to the Spin-Off</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 11<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,989<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Sale of equity prior to the Spin-Off, shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,083<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised', window );">Exercise of stock options</a></td>
<td class="nump">65<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">64<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised', window );">Exercise of stock options, shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation', window );">Stock-based compensation</a></td>
<td class="nump">166<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">166<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation', window );">Stock-based compensation, shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax', window );">Foreign currency translation adjustment</a></td>
<td class="num">(162)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(162)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net (loss) income</a></td>
<td class="nump">983<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">983<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Balance at Jul. 31, 2016</a></td>
<td class="nump">10,596<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 88<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">21,045<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(817)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(9,725)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding', window );">Balance, shares at Jul. 31, 2016</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">525<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,819<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised', window );">Exercise of stock options</a></td>
<td class="nump">110<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">107<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised', window );">Exercise of stock options, shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">281<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation', window );">Stock-based compensation</a></td>
<td class="nump">275<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">275<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation', window );">Stock-based compensation, shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeBenefitPlan', window );">Stock issued for matching contributions to the 401(k) Plan</a></td>
<td class="nump">19<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">19<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesEmployeeBenefitPlan', window );">Stock issued for matching contributions to the 401(k) Plan, shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax', window );">Foreign currency translation adjustment</a></td>
<td class="nump">233<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">233<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net (loss) income</a></td>
<td class="num">(611)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(611)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Balance at Jul. 31, 2017</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 10,622<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 91<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 21,446<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (584)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (10,336)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding', window );">Balance, shares at Jul. 31, 2017</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">525<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,123<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 225<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(22))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879574&amp;loc=d3e536633-122882<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 225<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(18))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879464&amp;loc=d3e573970-122913<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 225<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(20))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=63488584&amp;loc=d3e20235-122688<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax and reclassification adjustments of gain (loss) on foreign currency translation adjustments, foreign currency transactions designated and effective as economic hedges of a net investment in a foreign entity and intra-entity foreign currency transactions that are of a long-term-investment nature.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Subparagraph (b,c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=64808268&amp;loc=d3e32211-110900<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10A<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84228862&amp;loc=SL7669646-108580<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate amount of noncash, equity-based employee remuneration. This may include the value of stock or unit options, amortization of restricted stock or units, and adjustment for officers' compensation. As noncash, this element is an add back when calculating net cash generated by operating activities using the indirect method.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares issued which are neither cancelled nor held in the treasury.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesEmployeeBenefitPlan">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares issued during the period to an employee benefit plan, such as a defined contribution or defined benefit plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesEmployeeBenefitPlan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of new stock issued during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84159872&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares (or other type of equity) issued during the period as a result of any equity-based compensation plan other than an employee stock ownership plan (ESOP), net of any shares forfeited. Shares issued could result from the issuance of restricted stock, the exercise of stock options, stock issued under employee stock purchase plans, and/or other employee benefit plans.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84159872&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of share options (or share units) exercised during the current period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84159872&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeBenefitPlan">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Value of shares issued during the period to an employee benefit plan, such as a defined contribution or defined benefit plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeBenefitPlan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Equity impact of the value of new stock issued during the period. Includes shares issued in an initial public offering or a secondary public offering.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84159872&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Value of stock issued as a result of the exercise of stock options.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84159872&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.29-31)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total of all stockholders' equity (deficit) items, net of receivables from officers, directors, owners, and affiliates of the entity which are attributable to the parent. The amount of the economic entity's stockholders' equity attributable to the parent excludes the amount of stockholders' equity which is allocable to that ownership interest in subsidiary equity which is not attributable to the parent (noncontrolling interest, minority interest). This excludes temporary equity and is sometimes called permanent equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 4.E)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27010918&amp;loc=d3e74512-122707<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(31))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_zdge_ReclassificationOfMezzanineEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Reclassification of mezzanine equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">zdge_ReclassificationOfMezzanineEquity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>zdge_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>20
<FILENAME>R6.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6759266736">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2016</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract', window );"><strong>OPERATING ACTIVITIES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net (loss) income</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (611)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 983<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization', window );">Depreciation and amortization</a></td>
<td class="nump">643<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">605<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxesAndTaxCredits', window );">Deferred income taxes</a></td>
<td class="num">(28)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(26)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1', window );">Write-off of capitalized software and technology development costs</a></td>
<td class="nump">36<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">281<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation', window );">Stock-based compensation</a></td>
<td class="nump">275<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">166<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract', window );"><strong>Change in assets and liabilities:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable', window );">Trade accounts receivable</a></td>
<td class="num">(45)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(46)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets', window );">Prepaid expenses and other current assets</a></td>
<td class="num">(481)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(94)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherOperatingAssets', window );">Other assets</a></td>
<td class="num">(8)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(7)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities', window );">Trade accounts payable and accrued expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">400<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">39<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDueToRelatedPartiesCurrent', window );">Due to IDT Corporation</a></td>
<td class="num">(263)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(70)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDeferredRevenue', window );">Deferred revenue</a></td>
<td class="num">(15)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">11<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities', window );">Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities</a></td>
<td class="num">(97)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,842<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract', window );"><strong>INVESTING ACTIVITIES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToDevelopSoftware', window );">Capitalized software and technology development costs and purchase of equipment</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,506)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,006)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities', window );">Net cash used in investing activities</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,506)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,006)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract', window );"><strong>FINANCING ACTIVITIES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised', window );">Proceeds from exercise of stock options</a></td>
<td class="nump">166<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfPrivatePlacement', window );">Sale of equity prior to the Spin-Off</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities', window );">Net cash provided by financing activities</a></td>
<td class="nump">166<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,009<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashAndCashEquivalents', window );">Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="nump">39<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(37)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecrease', window );">Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,398)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,808<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year</a></td>
<td class="nump">5,978<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,170<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Cash and cash equivalents at end of year</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,580<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,978<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract', window );"><strong>SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaid', window );">Cash payments made for income taxes</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">112<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashFlowNoncashInvestingAndFinancingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>SUPPLEMENTAL SCHEDULE OF NON-CASH FINANCING ACTIVITIES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_ReceivableForExerciseOfStockOptions', window );">Receivable for exercise of stock options</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">56<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_ReclassificationOfMezzanineEquity', window );">Reclassification of mezzanine equity</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 100<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Also includes short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Excludes cash and cash equivalents within disposal group and discontinued operation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82887183&amp;loc=d3e6676-107765<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3044-108585<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecrease">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents are the amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Also includes short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Includes effect from exchange rate changes.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3521-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 230<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98513438&amp;loc=d3e33268-110906<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecrease</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashFlowNoncashInvestingAndFinancingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashFlowNoncashInvestingAndFinancingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxesAndTaxCredits">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of deferred income tax expense (benefit) and income tax credits.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxesAndTaxCredits</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The current period expense charged against earnings on long-lived, physical assets not used in production, and which are not intended for resale, to allocate or recognize the cost of such assets over their useful lives; or to record the reduction in book value of an intangible asset over the benefit period of such asset; or to reflect consumption during the period of an asset that is not used in production.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashAndCashEquivalents">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) from the effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalent balances held in foreign currencies.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 230<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98513438&amp;loc=d3e33268-110906<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashAndCashEquivalents</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of gain (loss) on sale or disposal of assets, including but not limited to property plant and equipment, intangible assets and equity in securities of subsidiaries or equity method investee.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68055307&amp;loc=d3e2443-110228<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaid">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of cash paid during the current period to foreign, federal, state, and local authorities as taxes on income.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98513485&amp;loc=d3e4297-108586<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3536-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaid</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the reporting period in the amounts payable to vendors for goods and services received and the amount of obligations and expenses incurred but not paid.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the reporting period in amount due within one year (or one business cycle) from customers for the credit sale of goods and services.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDeferredRevenue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the reporting period, excluding the portion taken into income, in the liability reflecting revenue yet to be earned for which cash or other forms of consideration was received or recorded as a receivable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDeferredRevenue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDueToRelatedPartiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the reporting period in the aggregate amount of obligations to be paid to the following types of related parties: a parent company and its subsidiaries; subsidiaries of a common parent; an entity and trust for the benefit of employees, such as pension and profit-sharing trusts that are managed by or under the trusteeship of the entities' management; an entity and its principal owners, management, or member of their immediate families, affiliates, or other parties with the ability to exert significant influence.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDueToRelatedPartiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherOperatingAssets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in operating assets classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherOperatingAssets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in prepaid expenses, and assets classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from financing activities, including discontinued operations. Financing activity cash flows include obtaining resources from owners and providing them with a return on, and a return of, their investment; borrowing money and repaying amounts borrowed, or settling the obligation; and obtaining and paying for other resources obtained from creditors on long-term credit.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3521-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 26<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3574-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from investing activities, including discontinued operations. Investing activity cash flows include making and collecting loans and acquiring and disposing of debt or equity instruments and property, plant, and equipment and other productive assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3521-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 26<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3574-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from operating activities, including discontinued operations. Operating activity cash flows include transactions, adjustments, and changes in value not defined as investing or financing activities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3521-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3536-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 225<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(22))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879574&amp;loc=d3e536633-122882<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 225<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(18))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879464&amp;loc=d3e573970-122913<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 225<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(20))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=63488584&amp;loc=d3e20235-122688<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToDevelopSoftware">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow associated with the development or modification of software programs or applications for internal use (that is, not to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed to others) that qualify for capitalization.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3213-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsToDevelopSoftware</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfPrivatePlacement">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow associated with the amount received from entity's raising of capital via private rather than public placement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3255-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfPrivatePlacement</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow from exercise of stock options granted under share-based compensation arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3255-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2A<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=SL79508275-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate amount of noncash, equity-based employee remuneration. This may include the value of stock or unit options, amortization of restricted stock or units, and adjustment for officers' compensation. As noncash, this element is an add back when calculating net cash generated by operating activities using the indirect method.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_zdge_ReceivableForExerciseOfStockOptions">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Receivable for exercise of stock options.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">zdge_ReceivableForExerciseOfStockOptions</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>zdge_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_zdge_ReclassificationOfMezzanineEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Reclassification of mezzanine equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">zdge_ReclassificationOfMezzanineEquity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>zdge_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>21
<FILENAME>R7.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6762379120">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract', window );"><strong>Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessDescriptionAndAccountingPoliciesTextBlock', window );">Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: bold 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Note 1&#8212;Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies</font></p><p style="font: bold 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Description of Business</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Zedge, Inc. (the &#8220;Company&#8221;), a Delaware corporation, was incorporated in 2008.&#160;<font style="background-color: white;">The Company&#8217;s content platform enables consumers to personalize their mobile devices with free, high-quality ringtones, wallpapers, home screen app icons, widgets and notification sounds.&#160;</font>The Company conducts business as a single operating segment.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The consolidated financial statements include all of the accounts of the Company and Zedge Europe AS, a Norwegian corporation and Zedge Canada, Inc. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0in; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Company&#8217;s fiscal year ends on July&#160;31 of each calendar year. Each reference below to a fiscal year refers to the fiscal year ending in the calendar year indicated (e.g., fiscal 2017 refers to the fiscal year ended July&#160;31, 2017).</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0in; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Spin-Off</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Company was formerly a majority-owned subsidiary of IDT Corporation (&#8220;IDT&#8221;). On June 1, 2016, IDT&#8217;s interest in the Company was spun-off by IDT to IDT&#8217;s stockholders and the Company became an independent public company through a pro rata distribution of the Company&#8217;s common stock held by IDT to IDT&#8217;s stockholders (the &#8220;Spin-Off&#8221;).</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal;
 -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Basis of Accounting</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The assets and liabilities in the accompanying financial statements are recorded at historical cost. Direct expenses historically incurred by IDT prior to the Spin-Off on behalf of the Company and Zedge Europe AS are reflected in these financial statements. The most significant expenses as covered under a Master Services Agreement with IDT were as follows: legal and professional fees, and salaries and employee benefits were allocated based on specific identification; certain facility costs, travel, and consulting fees, as well as salaries of personnel in the payroll, human resources, purchasing, accounts payable, treasury, network and telephone services and legal departments were allocated based on estimates of the incremental cost incurred by IDT; medical and dental benefits were allocated based on rates similar to COBRA health benefit provision rates charged to former IDT employees; stock-based compensation and retirement benefits under IDT&#8217;s defined contribution plan were allocated based on specific identification; and insurance was allocated based on a combination of headcount and specific policy identification. Management believes that the assumptions and methods of allocation used were reasonable. However, the costs as allocated were not necessarily indicative of the costs that would have been incurred if the Company operated on a stand-alone basis. Therefore, the consolidated financial statements included herein may not necessarily be indicative of the financial position, results of operations, changes in stockholders&#8217; equity and cash flows of the Company to be expected in the future or what they would have been had the Company been a separate stand-alone entity during the periods presented.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Use of Estimates</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (&#8220;U.S. GAAP&#8221;) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results may differ from those estimates.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Revenue Recognition</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Company generates over 90% of its revenues from selling its advertising inventory to advertising networks, advertising exchanges, and direct arrangements with advertisers. Advertising networks and advertising exchanges are third party technology platforms that facilitate the buying and selling of media advertising inventory from multiple ad networks. The price of advertising inventory is fixed on an advertising network whereas the price for inventory is determined through bidding on an advertising exchange. The Company&#8217;s direct arrangements with advertisers are primarily related to game publishers. The Company recognizes advertising revenue as advertisements are delivered to users through impressions, ad views or app installs (depending on the terms agreed upon with the advertiser), as long as evidence of the arrangement with the payer exists (generally through an executed contract), the price is fixed and determinable, and the Company has assessed collectability as reasonably assured.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000;
 text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">The remainder of the Company&#8217;s revenue is primarily generated from our managing and optimizing the advertising inventory of a third-party mobile application publisher, as well as overseeing the billing, collections and reporting related to advertising for this publisher.</p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">&#160;</p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">The Company generally reports its revenue net of amounts due to agencies and brokers because the Company is not the primary obligor in the relevant arrangements, it does not finalize the pricing, and it does not establish or maintain a direct relationship with the advertiser. Certain advertising arrangements that are directly between the Company and advertisers are recognized gross equal to the price paid to the Company by the customer since the Company is the primary obligor and the Company determines the price. Any third party costs related to such direct relationships are recognized as direct cost of revenues.</p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">&#160;</p><p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Concentration of Credit Risk and Significant Customers</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist principally of cash, cash equivalents and trade accounts receivable. The Company holds cash and cash equivalents at several major financial institutions, which may exceed FDIC insured limits. Historically, the Company has not experienced any losses due to such concentration of credit risk. The Company&#8217;s temporary cash investments policy is to limit the dollar amount of investments with any one financial institution and monitor the credit ratings of those institutions. While the Company may be exposed to credit losses due to the nonperformance of the holders of its deposits, the Company does not expect the settlement of these transactions to have a material effect on its results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Company routinely assesses the financial strength of its customers. As a result, the Company believes that its accounts receivable credit risk exposure is limited and has not experienced significant write-downs in its accounts receivable balances. In the year ended July 31, 2017, three customers represented 43%, 17%, and 10% of the Company's revenue and in the year ended July 31, 2016 three customers represented 45%, 20% and 13% of the Company's revenue. At July 31, 2017, two customers represented 47% and 12% of the Company&#8217;s accounts receivable balance and at July 31, 2016, one customer represented 62% of the Company&#8217;s accounts receivable balance. All of these significant customers were advertising exchanges operated by leading companies, and the receivables represent many smaller amounts due from advertisers.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Direct Cost of Revenues</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color:
 initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Direct cost of revenues for the Company consists of fees paid to third parties that provide the Company with internet hosting, content serving and filtering, and marketing automation services. Such costs are charged to expense as incurred.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Long-Lived Assets</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Property and equipment is recorded at cost and depreciated on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful lives, which range as follows: capitalized software and technology development costs&#8212;3 years; and other&#8212;3, 5, 7, 10 or 20 years. Other is comprised of furniture and fixtures, office equipment, video conference equipment, computer hardware and computer software.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Company tests the recoverability of its long-lived assets with finite useful lives whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. The Company tests for recoverability based on the projected undiscounted cash flows to be derived from such asset. If the projected undiscounted future cash flows are less than the carrying value of the asset, the Company will record an impairment loss, if any, based on the difference between the estimated fair value and the carrying value of the asset. The Company generally measures fair value by considering sale prices for similar assets or by discounting estimated future cash flows from such asset using an appropriate discount rate. Cash flow projections and fair value estimates require significant estimates and assumptions by management. Should the estimates and assumptions prove to be incorrect, the Company may be required to record impairments in future periods and such impairments could be material.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Capitalized Software and Technology Development Costs</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Company accounts for capitalized software and technology development costs in accordance with Accounting Standard Codification (&#8220;ASC&#8221;) 350-40. These costs consist of internal development costs on various projects that the Company invested in specific to the various platforms on which the Company operates its service that are capitalized during the application development stage. Capitalized software and technology development costs are included in property and equipment, net and are amortized over the estimated useful life of the software, generally three years. All ordinary maintenance costs are expensed as incurred.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Goodwill</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;
 color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price and related costs over the value assigned to the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets of the business acquired. Under ASC 350,&#160;<i>Intangibles-Goodwill and Other</i>, goodwill is not amortized, but instead is tested for impairment annually, or if certain circumstances indicate a possible impairment may exist. The Company determined that it is a single reporting unit for its annual impairment test.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">In fiscal 2017, the Company adopted the Accounting Standards Update (&#8220;ASU&#8221;) that simplifies the subsequent measurement of goodwill by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. In computing the implied fair value of goodwill under Step 2, an entity had to perform procedures to determine the fair value at the impairment testing date of its assets and liabilities (including unrecognized assets and liabilities) following the procedure that would be required in determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. Instead, under the amendments in this ASU, the Company performs its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of its reporting unit with its carrying amount. The Company would recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit&#8217;s fair value; however, the loss recognized would not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. Additionally, the Company considers income tax effects from any tax deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of its reporting unit when measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Company&#8217;s estimated fair value substantially exceeded its carrying value in Step 1 of the Company&#8217;s annual impairment tests as of May 1st for the years ended July 31, 2017 and 2016. The Company concluded that no goodwill impairment existed in the years ended July 31, 2017 and 2016. The Company uses the market approach (guideline company method) for its Step 1 analysis.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Cash and Cash Equivalents</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Income Taxes</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman',
 times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The accompanying financial statements include provisions for federal, state and foreign income taxes. Prior to the Spin-Off, the Company was included in consolidated federal income tax returns with IDT and IDT&#8217;s other subsidiaries.&#160;Income taxes in the accompanying consolidated financial statements were calculated on a separate tax return basis.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between the financial statements carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets depends on the generation of future taxable income during the period in which related temporary differences become deductible. The Company considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies in its assessment of a valuation allowance. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date of such change.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Company uses a two-step approach for recognizing and measuring tax benefits taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The Company determines whether it is more-likely-than-not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. In evaluating whether a tax position has met the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, the Company presumes that the position will be examined by the appropriate taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured to determine the amount of tax benefit to recognize in the financial statements. The tax position is measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Differences between tax positions taken in a tax return and amounts recognized in the financial statements will generally result in one or more of the following: an increase in a liability for income taxes payable, a reduction of an income tax refund receivable, a reduction in a deferred tax asset, or an increase in a deferred tax liability.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Company classifies interest and penalties on income taxes as a component of income tax expense.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Contingencies</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Company accrues for loss contingencies when both (a)&#160;information available prior to issuance of the financial statements indicates that
 it
 is probable that a liability had been incurred at the date of the financial statements and (b)&#160;the amount of loss can reasonably be estimated. When the Company accrues for loss contingencies and the reasonable estimate of the loss is within a range, the Company records its best estimate within the range. When no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount, the Company accrues the minimum amount in the range. The Company discloses an estimated possible loss or a range of loss when it is at least reasonably possible that a loss may have been incurred.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Earnings Per Share</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to all classes of common stockholders of the Company by the weighted average number of shares of all classes of common stock outstanding during the applicable period. Diluted earnings per share is computed in the same manner as basic earnings per share, except that the number of shares is increased to include restricted stock still subject to risk of forfeiture and to assume exercise of potentially dilutive stock options using the treasury stock method, unless the effect of such increase is anti-dilutive.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The weighted-average number of shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to the Company&#8217;s common stockholders consists of the following:</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">&#160;</p><table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Year ended July 31,</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(in thousands)</font></p></td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2">2017</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2">2016</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="width: 1191px;">Basic weighted-average number of shares</td><td style="width: 16px;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 142px; text-align: right;">9,467</td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 15px;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 141px; text-align: right;">8,346</td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td style="text-align: left;">Effect of dilutive securities:</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt;">Stock options</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;"><p style="margin: 0pt 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8212;</font></p></td><td
 style="text-align:
 left;">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">913</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">Non-vested restricted Class B common stock</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#8212;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">20</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">Diluted weighted-average number of shares</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">9,467</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">9,279</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td></tr></table><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The following shares were excluded from the diluted earnings per share computation because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive:</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">&#160;</p><table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">Year ended July 31,&#160;<br />(in thousands)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2">2017</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2">2016</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="width: 1191px; text-align: left;">Stock options</td><td style="width: 16px;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 142px; text-align: right;">1,438</td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 15px;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 141px; text-align: right;">355</td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">Non-vested restricted Class B common stock</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">53</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#8212;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt;
 border-bottom-style:
 solid;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">Shares excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">1,491</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">355</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td></tr></table><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">For fiscal 2017, the diluted earnings per share equals basic earnings per share because the Company had a net loss and the impact of the assumed exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock would have been anti-dilutive. For fiscal 2016, outstanding stock options were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share because the exercise price of the stock options was greater than the average market price of the Company&#8217;s stock during the period.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Stock-Based Compensation</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Company recognizes&#160;compensation expense for all of its grants of stock-based awards based on the estimated fair value on the grant date. Compensation cost for awards is recognized using the straight-line method over the vesting period. Stock-based compensation is included in selling, general and administrative expense.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">On August 1, 2017, the Company adopted the ASU intended to improve the accounting for employee share-based payments. The ASU simplifies several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. The adoption of the ASU did not have an impact on the Company&#8217;s consolidated financial statements.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Fair Value Measurements</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size:
 10pt;">Fair value of
 financial and non-financial assets and liabilities is defined as an exit price, which is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The three-tier hierarchy for inputs used to measure fair value, which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value, is as follows:</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">&#160;</p><table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; font-stretch: normal;"><td style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 142px; text-indent: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; vertical-align: top; font-stretch: normal;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Level&#160;1&#160;&#8211;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1425px; text-indent: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; font-stretch: normal;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.</font></td></tr><tr style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; font-stretch: normal;"><td style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; vertical-align: top; font-stretch: normal;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Level&#160;2&#160;&#8211;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; text-indent: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; font-stretch: normal;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.</font></td></tr><tr style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; font-stretch: normal;"><td style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; vertical-align: top; font-stretch: normal;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Level&#160;3&#160;&#8211;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; text-indent: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; font-stretch: normal;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">unobservable inputs based on the Company&#8217;s assumptions used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value.</font></td></tr></table><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">A financial asset or liability&#8217;s classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment, and may affect the valuation of the assets and liabilities being measured and their placement within the fair value hierarchy.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Derivative Instruments &#8211; Foreign Exchange Forward Contracts</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Company&#8217;s earnings and cash flows are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, primarily the&#160;<font style="background-color: white;">U.S. Dollar&#160;</font>&#8211; Norwegian Krone (&#8220;NOK&#8221;) exchange rate. The Company&#8217;s risk management policy allows for the use of derivative financial instruments to prudently manage foreign currency exchange rate exposure. Foreign currency derivative activities are subject to the management, direction and control of the executive management. Foreign exchange forward contracts are recognized on the consolidated balance sheet at their
 fair value in
 &#8220;Other current assets&#8221; or &#8220;Accrued expenses&#8221;, and changes in fair value are recognized in &#8220;Net gain (loss) resulting from foreign exchange transactions&#8221; in the consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Functional Currency</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The U.S. Dollar is the Company&#8217;s functional currency. The functional currencies for the Company&#8217;s subsidiaries that operate outside of the United States are NOK for Zedge Europe AS and the Canadian dollar for Zedge Canada, Inc., which are the currencies of the primary economic environments in which they primarily expend cash. The Company translates assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies to U.S. Dollars at the exchange rate in effect as of the financial statement date, and translates accounts from the statements of comprehensive (loss)&#160;<font style="background-color: white;">income using the weighted average exchange rate for the period. Gains or losses resulting from foreign currency translations are recorded in &#8220;Accumulated other comprehensive loss&#8221; in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses including gains and losses from currency exchange rate changes related to intercompany receivables and payables are reported in &#8220;Net gain (loss) resulting from foreign exchange transactions&#8221; in the accompanying&#160;</font>consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Allowance for Doubtful Accounts</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The allowance for doubtful accounts reflects the Company&#8217;s best estimate of probable losses inherent in the accounts receivable balance. The allowance is determined based on known troubled accounts, historical experience and other currently available evidence. Doubtful accounts are written-off upon final determination that the trade accounts will not be collected.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">In August 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (&#8220;FASB&#8221;) issued an ASU intended to improve the financial reporting of hedging relationships to better portray the economic results of an entity&#8217;s risk management activities in its financial statements. In addition, the ASU includes certain targeted improvements to simplify the application of hedge accounting guidance in U.S. GAAP. The amendments in this ASU are effective for the Company on August 1, 2019. Early application is permitted. Entities will apply the amendments to cash flow and net investment hedge relationships that exist on the date of adoption using a modified retrospective approach. The presentation and disclosure requirements will be applied prospectively. The Company is evaluating the impact that this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px;
 white-space: normal;
 orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; font-stretch: normal;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">In May 2017, the FASB issued an ASU to provide guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting. Pursuant to this ASU, an entity should account for the effects of a modification unless all the following are met: (1) the fair value (or calculated value or intrinsic value, if such an alternative measurement method is used) of the modified award is the same as the fair value (or calculated value or intrinsic value, if such an alternative measurement method is used) of the original award immediately before the original award is modified (if the modification does not affect any of the inputs to the valuation technique that the entity uses to value the award, the entity is not required to estimate the value immediately before and after the modification); (2) the vesting conditions of the modified award are the same as the vesting conditions of the original award immediately before the original award is modified; and (3) the classification of the modified award as an equity instrument or a liability instrument is the same as the classification of the original award immediately before the original award is modified. The Company will adopt the amendments in this ASU prospectively to an award modified on or after on August 1, 2018. The Company is evaluating the impact that the new standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">In January 2017, the FASB issued an ASU to clarify the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. Under the current guidance, there are three elements of a business&#8212;inputs, processes, and outputs. While an integrated set of assets and activities (collectively referred to as a &#8220;set&#8221;) that is a business usually has outputs, outputs are not required to be present. In addition, all the inputs and processes that a seller uses in operating a set are not required if market participants can acquire the set and continue to produce outputs, for example, by integrating the acquired set with their own inputs and processes. The amendments in this ASU provide a screen to determine when a set is not a business. The screen requires that when substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired (or disposed of) is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets, the set is not a business. This screen reduces the number of transactions that need to be further evaluated. If the screen is not met, the amendments in this ASU (1) require that to be considered a business, a set must include, at a minimum, an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create output and (2) remove the evaluation of whether a market participant could replace missing elements. The amendments provide a framework to assist entities in evaluating whether both an input and a substantive process are present. The framework includes two sets of criteria to consider that depend on whether a set has outputs. Although outputs are not required for a set to be a business, outputs generally are a key element of a business; therefore, the FASB has developed more stringent criteria for sets without outputs. Lastly, the ASU narrows the definition of the term output. The Company will adopt the amendments in this ASU on August 1, 2018. The Company is evaluating the impact that the new standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">In June 2016, the FASB issued an ASU that changes the impairment model for most financial assets and certain other instruments. For receivables, loans and other instruments, entities will be required to use a new forward-looking &#8220;expected loss&#8221; model that generally will result in the earlier recognition of allowance for losses. For available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses, entities will measure credit losses in a manner similar to current practice, except the losses will be recognized as allowances instead of reductions in the amortized cost of the securities. In addition, an entity will have to disclose significantly more information about allowances, credit quality indicators and past due securities. The new provisions will be applied as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings. The Company will adopt the new standard on August 1, 2020. The
 Company is evaluating the
 impact that the new standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">In February 2016, the FASB issued an ASU related to the accounting for leases. The new standard establishes a right-of-use (&#8220;ROU&#8221;) model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. The Company will adopt the new standard on August 1, 2019. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. The Company is evaluating the impact that the new standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">In May 2014, the FASB and the International Accounting Standards Board jointly issued a comprehensive new revenue recognition standard that will supersede most of the current revenue recognition guidance under U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards (&#8220;IFRS&#8221;). The goals of the revenue recognition project were to clarify and converge the revenue recognition principles under U.S. GAAP and IFRS and to develop guidance that would streamline and enhance revenue recognition requirements. To accomplish this objective, the standard requires five basic steps: (i) identify the contract with the customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. Entities have the option of using either a full retrospective or modified retrospective approach for the adoption of the standard. The Company expects to adopt this standard on August 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach. The Company has identified its main revenue streams, which are advertising revenue, app installs and advertising ops outsourcing. In addition, the Company substantially completed reviewing contracts and other relevant documents for most of its customers that comprises its main revenue streams. Based on this preliminary analysis to date of the adoption of the standard, the Company has not identified a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements, although this is subject to change as the Company completes the process.</font></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessDescriptionAndAccountingPoliciesTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for the business description and accounting policies concepts.  Business description describes the nature and type of organization including but not limited to organizational structure as may be applicable to holding companies, parent and subsidiary relationships, business divisions, business units, business segments, affiliates and information about significant ownership of the reporting entity. Accounting policies describe all significant accounting policies of the reporting entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 275<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&amp;trid=2134479<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&amp;trid=2122369<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessDescriptionAndAccountingPoliciesTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>22
<FILENAME>R8.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6916152080">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Fair Value Measurements<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract', window );"><strong>Fair Value Measurements [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock', window );">Fair Value Measurements</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: bold 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Note 2&#8212;Fair Value Measurements&#160;</font></p><p style="font: bold 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The following table presents the balance of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">&#160;</p><table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>July 31, 2017</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(in thousands)</font></p></td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2">Level 1</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2">Level 2</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2">Level 3</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2">Total</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td>Assets:</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="width: 815px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">Foreign exchange forward contracts</td><td style="width: 16px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">$</td><td style="width: 142px; text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#8212;</td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 16px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">$</td><td style="width: 142px; text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">137</td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 15px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">$</td><td style="width: 141px; text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#8212;</td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 15px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 15px;
 text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">$</td><td style="width: 141px; text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">137</td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td>Liabilities:</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">Foreign exchange forward contracts</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">$</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#8212;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">$</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#8212;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">$</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#8212;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">$</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#8212;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td></tr></table><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></p><table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>July 31, 2016</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(in thousands)</font></p></td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2">Level 1</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2">Level 2</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2">Level 3</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2">Total</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td>Assets:</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td
 style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="width: 815px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">Foreign exchange forward contracts</td><td style="width: 16px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">$</td><td style="width: 142px; text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#8212;</td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 16px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">$</td><td style="width: 142px; text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">21</td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 15px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">$</td><td style="width: 141px; text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#8212;</td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 15px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">$</td><td style="width: 141px; text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">21</td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td>Liabilities:</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">Foreign exchange forward contracts</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">$</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#8212;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">$</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">15</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">$</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#8212;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">$</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">15</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td></tr></table><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style:
 initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Fair Value of Other Financial Instruments</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Company&#8217;s other financial instruments at July 31, 2017 and 2016 included trade accounts receivable, trade accounts payable and due to IDT Corporation. The carrying amounts of the trade accounts receivable, trade accounts payable and due to IDT Corporation balances approximated fair value due to their short-term nature. These fair value estimates were classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.</font></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 820<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&amp;trid=2155941<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>23
<FILENAME>R9.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6762360256">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Derivative Instruments<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsAndHedgingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Derivative Instruments [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsAndHedgingActivitiesDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Derivative Instruments</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: bold 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Note 3&#8212;Derivative Instruments</font></p><p style="font: bold 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The primary risk managed by the Company using derivative instruments is foreign exchange risk. Foreign exchange forward contracts are entered into as hedges against unfavorable fluctuations in the U.S. Dollar - NOK exchange rate. Subsequent to the Spin-Off and until November 2016, IDT provided hedging services to the Company pursuant to the Transition Services Agreement (see Note 11). As of November 16, 2016, the Company entered into a Foreign Exchange Agreement with Western Alliance Bank allowing the Company to enter into foreign exchange contracts under its revolving credit facility with the bank (see Note 13). The Company does not apply hedge accounting to these contracts; therefore the changes in fair value are recorded in earnings. By using derivative instruments to mitigate exposures to changes in foreign exchange rates, the Company is exposed to credit risk from the failure of the counterparty to perform under the terms of the contract. The credit or repayment risk is minimized by entering into transactions with high-quality counterparties.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The outstanding contracts at July 31, 2017 were as follows:</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">&#160;</p><table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">Settlement Date</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; text-align: right; font-stretch: normal;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>U.S. Dollar</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; text-align: right; font-stretch: normal;"></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; text-align: right; font-stretch: normal;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>Amount</b></font></p></td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; text-align: right; font-stretch: normal;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>NOK</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; text-align: right; font-stretch: normal;"></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; text-align: right; font-stretch: normal;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>Amount</b></font></p></td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="width: 1191px;">August 2017</td><td style="width: 16px;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 142px; text-align: right;">1,000,000</td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 15px;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 141px; text-align: right;">8,408,640</td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td>September 2017</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">1,000,000</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">8,404,640</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td></tr></table><p style="font:
 10pt/normal
 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The fair value of outstanding derivative instruments recorded in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets were as follows:</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">&#160;</p><table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">July 31,</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(in thousands)</font></p></td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2">2017</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2">2016</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"><td>Assets Derivatives:</td><td>&#160;</td><td>Balance Sheet Location</td><td>&#160;</td><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"><td style="text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 20pt; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">Derivatives not designated or not qualifying as hedging instruments</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="width: 800px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">Foreign exchange forward contracts</td><td style="width: 16px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 377px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">Other current assets</td><td style="width: 16px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">$</td><td style="width: 141px; text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">137</td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 15px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">$</td><td style="width: 141px; text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">21</td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td style="text-align: left;"><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 12pt; text-indent: -12pt; font-stretch: normal;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Liabilities Derivatives:</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-stretch: normal;"></p></td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align:
 right;">&#160;</td><td
 style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 20pt; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">Derivatives not designated or not qualifying as hedging instruments</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">Foreign exchange forward contracts</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">Accrued expenses</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">$</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#8212;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">$</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">15</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td></tr></table><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The effects of derivative instruments on the consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income were as follows:</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">&#160;</p><table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized on Derivatives</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Year ended July 31,</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(in thousands)</font></p></td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; text-align: right; font-stretch: normal;"></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; text-align: right; font-stretch: normal;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>2017</b></font></p></td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2">2016</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"><td style="text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">Derivatives not designated or not qualifying as
 hedging instruments</td><td
 style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized on Derivatives</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="width: 643px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">Foreign exchange forward contracts</td><td style="width: 16px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="padding: 0px; width: 565px; text-indent: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><p style="margin: 0pt 0px;">Net gain (loss) resulting from foreign exchange transactions</p></td><td style="width: 16px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">$</td><td style="width: 126px; text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">105</td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 15px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">$</td><td style="width: 125px; text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">(142</td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">)</td></tr></table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsAndHedgingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsAndHedgingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsAndHedgingActivitiesDisclosureTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for derivative instruments and hedging activities including, but not limited to, risk management strategies, non-hedging derivative instruments, assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and methodologies and assumptions used in determining the amounts.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 815<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&amp;trid=2229140<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsAndHedgingActivitiesDisclosureTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>24
<FILENAME>R10.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6916688816">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Property and Equipment<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract', window );"><strong>Property and Equipment [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Property and Equipment</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: bold 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Note 4&#8212;Property and Equipment</font></p><p style="font: bold 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Property and equipment consisted of the following:</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">&#160;</p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"></p><table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">July 31,<br />(in thousands)</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">2007</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">2016</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="width: 1191px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Capitalized software and technology development costs</font></td><td style="width: 16px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td><td style="width: 142px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">6,419</font></td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="width: 15px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td><td style="width: 141px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">5,001</font></td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Other</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color:
 black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">297</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">230</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">6,716</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">5,231</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Less accumulated depreciation and amortization</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(4,038</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">)</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(3,388</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">)</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Total</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color:
 black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">2,678</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">1,843</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr></table><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">&#160;</p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Depreciation and amortization expense pertaining to property and equipment was $643,000 and $605,000 for the years ended July 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">In each of the years ended July 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company decided to abandon certain software and technology projects that were in development. Since these abandoned projects did not have any future benefit, the Company charged to expense the capitalized software and technology development costs for these projects of $36,000 and $281,000 in the years ended July 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.</font></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for long-lived, physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Includes, but is not limited to, accounting policies and methodology, roll forwards, depreciation, depletion and amortization expense, including composite depreciation, accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization expense, useful lives and method used, income statement disclosures, assets held for sale and public utility disclosures.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&amp;trid=2155823<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>25
<FILENAME>R11.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6762277488">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Goodwill<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Goodwill [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GoodwillDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Goodwill</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: bold 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Note 5&#8212;Goodwill</font></p><p style="font: bold 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Company&#8217;s goodwill related to an acquisition made in a prior period and is carried on the balance sheet of Zedge Europe AS.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The table below reconciles the change in the carrying amount of goodwill for the period from July 31, 2015 to July 31, 2017:</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">&#160;</p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"></p><table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(in thousands)</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="width: 1379px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Balance at July 31, 2015</font></td><td style="width: 16px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td><td style="width: 141px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">2,438</font></td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Foreign currency translation adjustments</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;
 font-size: 10pt;">(77</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">)</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Balance at July 31, 2016</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">2,361</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Foreign currency translation adjustments</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">157</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Balance at July 31, 2017</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">2,518</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"></font></td></tr></table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GoodwillDisclosureTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for goodwill.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&amp;trid=2144439<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GoodwillDisclosureTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>26
<FILENAME>R12.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6925632416">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Accrued Expenses<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract', window );"><strong>Accrued Expenses [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Accrued Expenses</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: bold 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Note 6&#8212;Accrued Expenses</font></p><p style="font: bold 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Accrued expenses consist of the following:</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">&#160;</p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"></p><table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">July 31,&#160;<br />(in thousands)</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">2017</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">2016</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="width: 1191px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Accrued vacation</font></td><td style="width: 16px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td><td style="width: 142px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">685</font></td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="width: 15px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td><td style="width: 141px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">494</font></td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Accrued payroll taxes</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align:
 left;
 text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">277</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">210</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Accrued payroll and bonuses</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">250</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">72</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Accrued direct cost of revenues</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">6</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">111</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Accrued advertising</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">184</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">242</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td style="text-align: left;
 text-indent:
 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Accrued income taxes</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">36</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">119</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Accrued Professional fees</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">130</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">131</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Other</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">272</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">108</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Total accrued expenses</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style:
 solid;"><font
 style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">1,840</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">1,487</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"></font></td></tr></table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for accounts payable and accrued liabilities at the end of the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19(a),20,24)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>27
<FILENAME>R13.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6762347744">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Equity<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityAbstract', window );"><strong>Equity [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Equity</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: bold 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Note 7&#8212;Equity</font></p><p style="font: bold 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1.05pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The rights of holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock are identical except for certain voting and conversion rights and restrictions on transferability. The holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock receive identical dividends per share when and if declared by the Company&#8217;s Board of Directors. In addition, the holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock have identical and equal priority rights per share in liquidation. The Class A common stock and Class B common stock do not have any other contractual participation rights. The holders of Class A common stock are entitled to three votes per share and the holders of Class B common stock are entitled to one-tenth of a vote per share. Each share of Class A common stock may be converted into one share of Class B common stock, at any time, at the option of the holder. Shares of Class A common stock are subject to certain limitations on transferability that do not apply to shares of Class B common stock.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Reclassification of Mezzanine Equity</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">In 2012, shares of the Company&#8217;s Series B convertible preferred stock were issued by the Company&#8217;s Board of Directors in excess of the number of shares duly authorized by the Company&#8217;s Certificate of Incorporation. These shares of Series B convertible preferred stock were classified as mezzanine equity at the original purchase price in the consolidated balance sheet because they did not meet the definition of permanent equity as a result of the legal imperfections. In February 2016, the Company prepared and filed a certificate of validation with the State of Delaware for an amendment to the Restated Certificate of Incorporation requesting an increase in the number of authorized shares of Series B convertible preferred stock.&#160;On February 24, 2016, the State of Delaware certified this validation, which was effective retroactive to the date of the defective act.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Changes to mezzanine amounts in the year ended July 31, 2016 was as follows:</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">&#160;</p><table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"
 colspan="6"><b>Series B Convertible Preferred&#160;Stock</b></td><td>&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">(dollars in thousands)</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>Shares</b></font></td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>Amount</b></font></td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="width: 1191px;">Balance at July 31, 2015</td><td style="width: 16px;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 142px; text-align: right;">947</td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 15px;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left;">$</td><td style="width: 141px; text-align: right;">100</td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">Reclassification of mezzanine equity</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">(947</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">)</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">(100</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">Balance at July 31, 2016</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#8212;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">$</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#8212;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td></tr></table><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; text-align: left; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal;"><i>Recapitalization Prior to the Spin-Off</i></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">As part of the Spin-Off, the Company&#8217;s capital stock was recapitalized so that, instead of having a single class of common stock and two series of preferred stock authorized and outstanding, all such shares were converted into shares of the Company&#8217;s Class A common stock and Class B common stock, all options to purchase the Company&#8217;s common stock became options to purchase a proportional number of shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock, and the Company has preferred stock authorized, but no shares of preferred stock are outstanding. The Company&#8217;s financial statements were retroactively adjusted to reflect the recapitalization.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal;
 word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Equity Purchase Prior to the Spin-Off</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">In connection with the Spin-Off, in May 2016, certain of the Company&#8217;s equity holders purchased Class B common stock representing approximately 10.0% of the Company&#8217;s capital stock for $3 million.</font></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EquityAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquityAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for shareholders' equity comprised of portions attributable to the parent entity and noncontrolling interest, including other comprehensive income. Includes, but is not limited to, balances of common stock, preferred stock, additional paid-in capital, other capital and retained earnings, accumulated balance for each classification of other comprehensive income and amount of comprehensive income.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&amp;trid=2208762<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>28
<FILENAME>R14.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6762398592">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Commitments and Contingencies<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Commitments and Contingencies [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LegalMattersAndContingenciesTextBlock', window );">Commitments and Contingencies</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Note 8&#8212;Commitments and Contingencies</font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-style: italic; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Legal Proceedings</font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0in; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;">&#160;</p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0in; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">In March 2014, Saregama India, Limited filed a lawsuit against the Company before the Barasat District Court, seeking approximately $1.6 million as damages and an injunction for copyright infringement. The main ground for the lawsuit was an allegation that the Company avails the plaintiff&#8217;s sound recordings through the Company&#8217;s platform with full knowledge that the sound recordings have been uploaded and are being communicated to the public without obtaining any license from the plaintiff. There have been no material updates to this matter since filing in March 2014. The Company believes that the possibility of it bearing material liability on the matter is remote.</font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0in; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Company may from time to time be subject to other legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. Although there can be no assurance in this regard, the Company does not expect any of those legal proceedings to have a material adverse effect on the Company&#8217;s results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.</font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-style: italic; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Lease Commitments</font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">&#160;</p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman',
 times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Company&#8217;s future contractual obligations and other commercial commitments at July 31, 2017 were as follows:</font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">&#160;</font></p>
<table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1250.4px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom;">
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Year ended July 31,&#160;</font><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><br /><font style="font-size: 10pt;">(in thousands)</font></font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-align: right;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>2018</b></font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: right;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: right;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-align: right;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;<b>2019</b></font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: right;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: right;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-align: right;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;<b>Thereafter</b></font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: right;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: right;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-align: right;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Total</font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;">
<td style="width: 650.4px; text-align: left; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Real estate leases</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="width: 112.8px; text-align: right; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">202</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="width: 112.8px; text-align: right; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">102</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="width: 112px; text-align: right; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8212;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12px; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="width: 112px; text-align: right; padding: 0px; text-indent:
 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">304</font></td>
<td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;">
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Software as a Service (&#8220;SaaS&#8221;) license</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">223</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">100</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8212;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">323</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;">
<td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Total contractual obligations</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">425</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">202</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px;
 border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8212;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">627</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">&#160;</font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Rental expense under operating leases was $289,000 and $244,000 in the years ended July 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.</font></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LegalMattersAndContingenciesTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for legal proceedings, legal contingencies, litigation, regulatory and environmental matters and other contingencies.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 450<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&amp;trid=2127136<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LegalMattersAndContingenciesTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>29
<FILENAME>R15.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6762353952">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Income Taxes<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Income Taxes [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Income Taxes</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Note 9&#8212;Income Taxes</font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Until the Spin-Off, the Company was a member of IDT&#8217;s consolidated group of entities for which income tax returns were filed for the consolidated group, and income taxes for the Company were calculated on a separate tax return basis.</font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The components of (loss) income before income taxes are as follows:</font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">&#160;</font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"></p>
<table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1250.4px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom;">
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Year ended July 31,&#160;</font><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><br /><font style="font-size: 10pt;">(in thousands)</font></font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">2017</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">2016</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;">
<td style="width: 950.4px; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Domestic</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;
 font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="width: 112.8px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(717</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">)</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="width: 112px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">604</font></td>
<td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;">
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Foreign</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">90</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">522</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;">
<td style="text-align: left; border-bottom: 4pt double black; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(Loss) income before income taxes</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 4pt double black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 4pt double black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 4pt double black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(627</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 4pt double black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">)</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 4pt double black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 4pt double black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 4pt double black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">1,126</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 4pt double black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Provision for (benefit from) income taxes consisted of the following:</font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
 white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">&#160;</font></p>
<table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1250.4px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom;">
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Year ended July 31,&#160;</font><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><br /><font style="font-size: 10pt;">(in thousands)</font></font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">2017</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">2016</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom;">
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Current:</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;">
<td style="width: 938.4px; text-indent: 0px; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Foreign</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="width: 112.8px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">12</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="width: 112px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">169</font></td>
<td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;">
<td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Federal</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8212;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;
 text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8212;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;">
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-indent: 0px; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">State</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8212;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8212;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;">
<td style="text-align: left; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Total current expense</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">12</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">169</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;">
<td style="padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Deferred:</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;">
<td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-top: 0px; padding-right:
 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Foreign</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(28</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">)</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(26</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;">
<td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Federal</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8212;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8212;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;">
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-indent: 0px; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">State</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8212;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8212;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;">
<td style="text-align: left; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Total deferred expense</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(28</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">)</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font
 style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(26</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;">
<td style="text-align: left; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(Benefit from) Provision for income taxes</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(16</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">)</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">143</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">&#160;</font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The differences between income taxes expected at the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate and income taxes reported were as follows:</font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">&#160;</font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"></p>
<table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1250.4px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom;">
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Year ended July 31,&#160;</font><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><br /><font style="font-size: 10pt;">(in thousands)</font></font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">2017</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid
 black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">2016</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;">
<td style="width: 950.4px; text-align: left; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">U.S. federal income tax at statutory rate</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="width: 112.8px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(213</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">)</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="width: 112px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">383</font></td>
<td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;">
<td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">State income tax</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(165</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">)</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">69</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;">
<td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Valuation allowance</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">717</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(276</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;">
<td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Foreign tax rate differential</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">16</font></td>
<td
 style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(34</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;">
<td style="padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Meals</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">5</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">4</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;">
<td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Stock compensation and employment credits</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(381</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">)</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8212;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;">
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Other</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">5</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(3</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;">
<td style="text-align: left; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font
 style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(Benefit from) provision for income taxes</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(16</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">)</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">143</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Company has not recorded U.S. income tax expense for foreign earnings, as such earnings are permanently reinvested outside the United States. The cumulative undistributed foreign earnings are included in accumulated deficit in the Company&#8217;s consolidated balance sheets and consisted of approximately $1.8 million at July 31, 2017. Upon distribution of these foreign earnings to the Company&#8217;s domestic entities, the Company may be subject to U.S. income taxes and withholding of foreign taxes; however, it is not practicable to determine the amount, if any, which would be paid.</font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Significant components of the Company&#8217;s deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are as follows:</font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">&#160;</font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"></p>
<table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1250.4px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom;">
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">July 31,&#160;</font><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><br /><font style="font-size: 10pt;">(in thousands)</font></font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right:
 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">2017</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">2016</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom;">
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Deferred tax assets:</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;">
<td style="width: 950.4px; text-align: left; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Net operating loss carryforwards</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="width: 112.8px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">951</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="width: 112px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">305</font></td>
<td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;">
<td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Reserves and accruals</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">377</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">352</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;">
<td style="text-align: left; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Stock-based compensation</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right:
 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">76</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">1</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;">
<td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Gross deferred tax assets</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">1,404</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">658</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;">
<td style="text-align: left; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">Less valuation allowance</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(1,232</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">)</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(515</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;">
<td style="text-align: left; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Total deferred tax assets</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">172</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td
 style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">143</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;">
<td style="text-align: left; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Total deferred tax liabilities</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8212;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8212;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;">
<td style="text-align: left; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Deferred tax assets, net</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">172</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">143</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Deferred tax assets, net are included in &#8220;Other assets&#8221; in the consolidated balance sheets.</font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal;
 orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">At July 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company had available Federal and State net operating loss (&#8220;NOL&#8221;) carryforwards ("from domestic operations of approximately $2.0 million and $0.6 million, respectively, to offset future taxable income. The Federal and State NOL carryforwards will begin to expire in 2036. The Company had no available NOLs from foreign operations.</font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Due to its history of losses, the Company believes that it is not more-likely-than-not that all of the deferred tax assets can be realized. Therefore, the Company has a full valuation allowance on all U.S. deferred tax assets. The change in the valuation allowance is as follows:</font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">&#160;</font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"></p>
<table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1250.4px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom;">
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Year ended July 31&#160;<br />(in thousands)</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>Balance at</b></font><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><br /><font style="font-size: 10pt;"><b>beginning of</b></font><br /><font style="font-size: 10pt;"><b>year</b></font></font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>Additions</b></font><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><br /><font style="font-size: 10pt;"><b>charged to</b></font><br /><font style="font-size: 10pt;"><b>costs and</b></font><br /><font style="font-size: 10pt;"><b>expenses</b></font></font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>Deductions</b></font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>Balance at</b></font><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><br /><font style="font-size: 10pt;"><b>end of year</b></font></font></td>
<td
 style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom;">
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">2017</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom;">
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Reserves deducted from deferred income taxes, net:</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;">
<td style="width: 626.4px; text-align: left; padding-left: 0.25in; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Valuation allowance</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="width: 112.8px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">515</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="width: 112.8px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px;
 padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">717</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="width: 112px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8212;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="width: 112px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">1,232</font></td>
<td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;">
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">2016</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;">
<td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Reserves deducted from deferred income taxes, net:</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px;
 padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;">
<td style="text-align: left; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0.25in; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Valuation allowance</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">2,305</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8212;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(1,790</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">)</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">515</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size:
 10pt;">At July 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company did not have any unrecognized tax benefits and did not anticipate any significant changes to the unrecognized tax benefits within twelve months of this reporting date. In the years ended July 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company did not record any interest or penalties on income taxes. At July 31, 2017 and 2016, there was no accrued interest included in income taxes payable.</font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Company currently remains subject to examinations of its tax returns as follows: U.S. federal tax returns for fiscal 2014 to fiscal 2015 as part of the IDT consolidated tax return and for pre and post spin periods for fiscal 2016, state and local tax returns generally for fiscal 2014 to fiscal 2016 and foreign tax returns generally for fiscal 2012 to fiscal 2016.</font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">In September 2016, the Company was notified that the Zedge Europe AS tax returns for 2012 and 2016 were going to be audited by the tax authorities in Norway. The initial audit meeting took place in October 2016 and the audit is progressing. No significant issues have been identified at this time. Amounts asserted by taxing authorities or the amount ultimately assessed against the Company could be greater than any accrued amount. Accordingly, provisions may be recorded in the future as estimates are revised or underlying matters are settled or resolved. Imposition of assessments as a result of tax audits could have an adverse effect on the Company&#8217;s results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.</font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">In connection with the Spin-Off, the Company and IDT entered into various agreements prior to the Spin-Off including a Separation and Distribution Agreement to effect the separation and provide a framework for the Company&#8217;s relationship with IDT after the Spin-Off, and a Tax Separation Agreement, which sets forth the responsibilities of the Company and IDT with respect to, among other things, liabilities for federal, state, local and foreign taxes for periods before and including the Spin-Off, the preparation and filing of tax returns for such periods and disputes with taxing authorities regarding taxes for such periods. Pursuant to Separation and Distribution Agreement, among other things, the Company indemnifies IDT and IDT indemnifies the Company for losses related to the failure of the other to pay, perform or otherwise discharge, any of the liabilities and obligations set forth in the agreement. Pursuant to the Tax Separation Agreement, among other things, IDT indemnifies the Company from all liability for taxes of the Company and any of its subsidiaries or relating to its business with respect to taxable periods ending on or before the Spin-Off, and the Company indemnifies IDT from all liability for taxes of the Company and any of its subsidiaries or relating to its business accruing after the Spin-Off. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company is responsible for, and IDT has no obligation to indemnify the Company for, any tax liability of the Company resulting from an audit, examination or other proceeding related to any tax returns that relate solely to it and its subsidiaries regardless of whether such tax return relates to a period prior to or following the Spin-Off.</font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;
 font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-style: italic; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1.05pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Research and Development Credits</font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; text-align: left;">&#160;</p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; text-align: left;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">As of July 31, 2017, the balance of the Company&#8217;s receivable from Norway&#8217;s SkatteFUNN government program designed to stimulate research and development in Norwegian trade and industry was $260,000, which was included in &#8220;Other current assets&#8221; in the consolidated balance sheet and $289,000 was recorded as a reduction of selling, general and administrative expense for the year ended July 31, 2017.</font></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&amp;trid=2144680<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>30
<FILENAME>R16.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6762360256">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Stock-Based Compensation<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Stock-Based Compensation [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock', window );">Stock-Based Compensation</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Note 10&#8212;Stock-Based Compensation</font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-style: italic; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">2016 Stock Option and Incentive Plan</font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;">&#160;</p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Company adopted the Zedge, Inc. 2016 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (&#8220;2016 Incentive Plan&#8221;), which became effective upon the consummation of the Spin-Off. The 2016 Incentive Plan is intended to provide incentives to executive officers, employees, directors and consultants of the Company. Incentives available under the 2016 Incentive Plan include restricted stock, stock options and stock appreciation rights. The 2016 Incentive Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Company&#8217;s Board of Directors.</font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">On January 18, 2017, the Company&#8217;s stockholders ratified an amendment to the 2016 Incentive Plan to increase the number of shares of the Company&#8217;s Class&#160;B common stock reserved for the grant of awards thereunder by 500,000 shares to an aggregate of 691,000 shares. At July 31, 2017, there were 487,000 shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock available for awards under the 2016 Incentive Plan.</font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">On October 18, 2017, the Company&#8217;s Board of Directors amended the&#160;<font style="font-size: 10pt;">2016 Incentive Plan to increase the number of shares of the Company&#8217;s Class&#160;B common stock available for the grant of awards thereunder by an additional 350,000 shares. The amendment is subject to ratification by the Company&#8217;s stockholders.</font></font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style:
 normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">In the years ended July 31, 2017 and 2016 there was no income tax benefit resulting from tax deductions in excess of the compensation cost recognized for the Company&#8217;s stock-based compensation.</font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-style: italic; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Stock Options</font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;">&#160;</p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Company&#8217;s option awards generally have a maximum term of 10 years from grant date, are exercisable upon vesting unless otherwise designated for early exercise by the Board of Directors at the time of grant, and are pursuant to individual written agreements. Prior to the Spin-Off, historical grants generally vested ratably over a three to four-year period. Subsequent to the Spin-Off, grants generally vest over a three-year period. Certain option agreements provide for accelerated vesting of options upon the effective date of an initial public offering or a change in control of the Company.</font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">In connection with the Spin-Off, in June 2016, the Compensation Committee of the Company&#8217;s Board of Directors approved an extension of the expiration dates of all outstanding stock options held by current employees and consultants of the Company that do not reside in the United States. The expiration date of the stock options was extended to May 31, 2026. This extension applied to options to purchase an aggregate of 0.9&#160;million shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock. In fiscal 2016, the Company recorded stock-based compensation expense of $123,000 for the modification of the options based on their estimated fair value on June 2, 2016.</font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; text-align: left;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">In fiscal 2017, the Company received proceeds of $109,790 from the exercise, during that period, of stock options for which the Company issued 280,700 shares of its Class B common stock. In addition, in fiscal 2017, the Company received proceeds of $56,840 from the exercise, in fiscal 2016, of stock options which was recorded as a receivable as of July 31, 2016.</font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;
 -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0pt 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">The fair value of stock options was estimated on the date of the grant using a Black-Scholes valuation model and the assumptions in the following table. Expected volatility is based on historical volatility of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock and other factors. The Company uses historical data on exercise of stock options, post vesting forfeitures and other factors to estimate the expected term of the stock-based payments granted. The risk free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant.</font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Company used the following weighted average assumptions in its BSM pricing model:</font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">&#160;</font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"></p>
<table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1250.4px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom;">
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Year ended July 31,</font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">2017</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">2016</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;">
<td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Expected term</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">6.1 years</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent:
 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">6.0 years</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;">
<td style="width: 950.4px; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Volatility</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 112.8px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">81</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">%</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 112px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">113</font></td>
<td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">%</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;">
<td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Risk free interest rate</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">1.7</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">%</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">1.3</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">%</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;">
<td style="padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Dividends</font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8212;</font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8212;</font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;">
<td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Grant date fair value</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px;
 padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">2.41</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">3.71</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">A summary of the Company&#8217;s stock option activity is as follows:</font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">&#160;</font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"></p>
<table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1250.4px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom;">
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2">
<p style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0pt 0px; text-align: right;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>Number of Options</b></font></p>
<p style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0pt 0px; text-align: right;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>(in thousands)</b></font></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Weighted-Average Exercise Price</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid
 black; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2">
<p style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0pt 0px; text-align: right;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><br /><font style="font-size: 10pt;"><b>Aggregate</b></font></font></p>
<p style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0pt 0px; text-align: right;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>Intrinsic Value</b></font></p>
<p style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0pt 0px; text-align: right;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>(in thousands)</b></font></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;">
<td style="width: 650.4px; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Outstanding at July 31, 2016</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 112.8px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">1,440</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="width: 112.8px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">0.93</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 112px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 112px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;">
<td style="padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Granted</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">279</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font
 style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">3.80</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;">
<td style="padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Exercised</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(281</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">)</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">0.39</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;">
<td style="text-align: left; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Cancelled / forfeited</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8212;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black;
 text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8212;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;">
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Outstanding at July 31, 2017</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">1,438</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">1.59</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">8.22</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">1,212</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;">
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Exercisable at July 31, 2017</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size:
 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">1,149</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">1.03</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">6.37</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">1,212</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended July 31, 2017 and 2016 was $0.8 million and $0.1 million, respectively. At July 31, 2017, there was $590,000 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.3 years.</font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-style: italic; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Restricted Stock</font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;">&#160;</p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">As part of the Spin-Off, holders of IDT restricted Class B common stock and Deferred Stock Units (&#8220;DSUs&#8221;) received, in
 respect of those restricted shares and DSUs, one restricted share of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock for every three restricted shares of IDT and one DSU of the Company for every three DSUs of IDT that they owned as of the record date for the Spin-Off (the same ratio as used for shares of our Class B common stock distributed by IDT in connection with the Spin-Off). As such, 111,842 shares of restricted stock and 7,767 DSUs were issued (adjusted for forfeitures) pursuant to the terms of the 2016 Incentive Plan. Such restricted shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock are restricted under the same terms as the IDT restricted stock in respect of which they were issued. The restricted shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock received in the Spin-Off are subject to forfeiture on the same terms, and their restrictions will lapse at the same time, as the corresponding IDT shares. The fair value of restricted shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock is determined based on the closing price of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock on the grant date. Share awards generally vest on a graded basis over three years of service.</font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">In fiscal 2017, the Company granted 17,349 restricted shares of its Class B common stock, which vested immediately, to its non-employee Board of Directors at a grant date fair value of $3.13 per share. The shares were awarded pursuant to the non-employee Board of Director&#8217;s annual automatic grant. There were no other restricted share grants in the years ended July 31, 2017 and 2016. At July 31, 2017, there were 49,474 non-vested shares of restricted stock and 3,885 non-vested DSUs.</font></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for compensation-related costs for equity-based compensation, which may include disclosure of policies, compensation plan details, allocation of equity compensation, incentive distributions, equity-based arrangements to obtain goods and services, deferred compensation arrangements, employee stock ownership plan details and employee stock purchase plan details.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&amp;trid=2228938<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 50<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&amp;trid=2208855<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>31
<FILENAME>R17.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6925625856">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Related Party Transactions<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsAbstract', window );"><strong>Related Party Transactions [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Related Party Transactions</a></td>
<td class="text"><div><p style="font: bold 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Note 11&#8212;Related Party Transactions</font></p><p style="font: bold 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Prior to the Spin-Off, IDT charged the Company for certain transactions and&#160;allocated routine expenses based on company specific items covered under a Master Services Agreement. This agreement provided for, among other things: (1) the allocation between the Company and IDT of employee benefits, taxes and other liabilities and obligations; (2)&#160;services to be provided by IDT relating to human resources and employee benefits administration; and (3) finance, accounting, tax, facilities and legal services to be provided by IDT to the Company. Following the Spin-Off, IDT charges the Company for services it provides pursuant to the Transition Services Agreement. The services provided pursuant to the Transition Services Agreement include human resources, payroll, investor relations, legal, accounting, tax, financial systems, management consulting and foreign exchange risk management. IDT&#8217;s charges are included in &#8220;Selling, general and administrative expense&#8221; in the consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The change in the Company&#8217;s liability to IDT was as follows:</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">&#160;</p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"></p><table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Years ended July 31,&#160;<br />(in thousands)</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">2017</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">2016</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="width: 1191px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Balance at beginning of year</font></td><td style="width: 16px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new
 roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td><td style="width: 142px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">299</font></td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="width: 15px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td><td style="width: 141px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">369</font></td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Payments by IDT on behalf of the Company</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">937</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">2,122</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Cash repayments, net of advances</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(1,200</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">)</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(2,192</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">)</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Balance at end of year</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left:
 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">36</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">299</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr></table><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">In the years ended July 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company paid $137,000 and $141,000, respectively, to Appboy, Inc. for use of its customer relationship management and lifecycle marketing platform. The Chief Executive Officer and Co-Founder of Appboy, Inc. is a member of the Company&#8217;s Board of Directors.</font></p></div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for related party transactions. Examples of related party transactions include transactions between (a) a parent company and its subsidiary; (b) subsidiaries of a common parent; (c) and entity and its principal owners; and (d) affiliates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 850<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&amp;trid=2122745<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>32
<FILENAME>R18.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6762379120">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Business Segment and Geographic Information<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingAbstract', window );"><strong>Business Segment and Geographic Information [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Business Segment and Geographic Information</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Note 12&#8212;Business Segment and Geographic Information</font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Company provides a content platform, worldwide, centered on self-expression, attracting both creators looking to promote their content and consumers who utilize such content to express their identity, feelings, tastes and interests. The Company&#8217;s platform enables consumers to personalize their mobile devices with free, high-quality ringtones, wallpapers, home screen app icons, widgets and notification sounds. The Company conducts business as one operating segment. There were no revenues from customers located outside of the United States in all periods presented.</font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Net long-lived assets and total assets held outside of the United States, which are located primarily in Norway, were as follows:</font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">&#160;</font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"></p>
<table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1250.4px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom;">
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(in thousands)</font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">United States</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: right;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: right;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Foreign</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: right;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: right;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="font-weight:
 bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Total</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom;">
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Long-lived assets, net:</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;">
<td style="width: 788.8px; text-indent: 0px; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">July 31, 2017</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="width: 112.8px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">2,537</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="width: 112.8px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">271</font></td>
<td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="width: 112px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">2,808</font></td>
<td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;">
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-indent: 0px; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">July 31, 2016</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">1,719</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;
 text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">247</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">1,966</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;">
<td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Total assets:</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;">
<td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">July 31, 2017</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">8,910</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">3,621</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">12,531</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;">
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-indent: 0px; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">July 31, 2016</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;
 font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">8,576</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">3,857</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">12,433</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<div>&#160;</div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SegmentReportingAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingDisclosureTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for reporting segments including data and tables. Reportable segments include those that meet any of the following quantitative thresholds a) it's reported revenue, including sales to external customers and intersegment sales or transfers is 10 percent or more of the combined revenue, internal and external, of all operating segments b) the absolute amount of its reported profit or loss is 10 percent or more of the greater, in absolute amount of 1) the combined reported profit of all operating segments that did not report a loss or 2) the combined reported loss of all operating segments that did report a loss c) its assets are 10 percent or more of the combined assets of all operating segments.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&amp;trid=2134510<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SegmentReportingDisclosureTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>33
<FILENAME>R19.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6762353152">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Revolving Credit Facility<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_RevolvingCreditFacilityAbstract', window );"><strong>Revolving Credit Facility [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTextBlock', window );">Revolving Credit Facility</a></td>
<td class="text"><div><p style="font: bold 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Note 13&#8212;Revolving Credit Facility</font></p><p style="font: bold 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1.05pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal;">As of September 27, 2016, the Company entered into a loan and security agreement with Western Alliance Bank for a revolving credit facility of up to $2.5 million. Advances under this facility may not exceed the lesser of $2.5 million or 80% of the Company&#8217;s eligible accounts receivable, subject to certain concentration limits. The revolving credit facility is secured by a lien on substantially all of the Company&#8217;s assets. The outstanding principal amount bears interest per annum at the greater of 3.5% or the prime rate plus 1.25%. Interest is payable monthly and all outstanding principal and any accrued and unpaid interest is due on the maturity date of September 27, 2018. The Company is required to pay an annual facility fee of $12,500 to Western Alliance Bank. The Company is also required to comply with various affirmative and negative covenants and to maintain certain financial ratios during the term of the revolving credit facility. The covenants include a prohibition on the Company paying any dividend on its capital stock. The Company may terminate this agreement at any time without penalty or premium provided that it pays down any outstanding principal, accrued interest and bank expenses. At July 31, 2017, there were no amounts outstanding under the revolving credit facility and the Company was in compliance with all of the covenants.</font></p><p style="font: bold 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1.05pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">As of November 16, 2016, the Company entered into a Foreign Exchange Agreement with Western Alliance Bank to allow the Company to enter into foreign exchange contracts not to exceed $5.0 million in the aggregate at any point in time under its revolving credit facility. The available borrowing under the revolving credit facility is reduced by an applicable foreign exchange reserve percentage as determined by Western Alliance Bank, in its reasonable discretion from time to time, which was initially set at 10% of the nominal amount of the foreign exchange contracts in effect at the relevant time. In December 2016, the applicable foreign exchange reserve percentage was changed so that the reduction of available borrowing for major currency forward contracts of less than six months tenor is set at 10% of the nominal amount of the foreign exchange contracts, and for contracts over six months tenor, 12.5% of the nominal amount of the foreign exchange contracts. At July 31, 2017, there were $2.0 million of outstanding foreign exchange contracts with less than six months tenor under the credit facility, and no contracts of greater than six months tenor, which reduced the available borrowing under the revolving credit facility by $200,000. The bank recently acquiesced to the transaction with Freeform despite certain contractual restrictions.</font></p></div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for short-term debt.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&amp;trid=2208564<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_zdge_RevolvingCreditFacilityAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">zdge_RevolvingCreditFacilityAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>zdge_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>34
<FILENAME>R20.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6909623360">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Defined Contribution Plan<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CompensationAndRetirementDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Defined Contribution Plan [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CompensationAndEmployeeBenefitPlansOtherThanShareBasedCompensationTextBlock', window );">Defined Contribution Plan</a></td>
<td class="text"><div><p style="font: bold 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Note 14&#8212;Defined Contribution Plan</font></p><p style="font: bold 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">In September 2016, the Company adopted a 401(k) Plan, effective August 1, 2016, available to all employees meeting certain eligibility criteria. The Plan permits participants to elect pre-tax or after tax salary deferrals that will be contributed to the Plan, not to exceed the limits established by the Internal Revenue Code. The Plan provides for enhanced safe harbor employer matching contributions. All contributions made by participants and safe harbor matching contributions by the Company will be fully vested. The Company&#8217;s Class A common stock and Class B common stock are not investment options for elective deferrals by the Plan&#8217;s participants. However, matching contributions may be made in shares of the Company.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1.05pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">In fiscal 2017, the Company&#8217;s cost for contributions to the Plan was $19,000. In fiscal 2017, the Company contributed 5,500 shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock to the Plan for matching contributions.</font></p></div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CompensationAndEmployeeBenefitPlansOtherThanShareBasedCompensationTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure of an entity's employee compensation and benefit plans, excluding share-based compensation and including, but not limited to, postemployment and postretirement benefit plans, defined benefit pension plans, defined contribution plans, non-qualified and supplemental benefit plans, deferred compensation, life insurance, severance, health care, unemployment and other benefit plans.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&amp;trid=2235017<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 712<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&amp;trid=2197446<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 710<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&amp;trid=2127225<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CompensationAndEmployeeBenefitPlansOtherThanShareBasedCompensationTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CompensationAndRetirementDisclosureAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CompensationAndRetirementDisclosureAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>35
<FILENAME>R21.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6762376224">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Subsequent Event-Freeform Development, Inc.<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventsAbstract', window );"><strong>Subsequent Event-Freeform Development, Inc. [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventsTextBlock', window );">Subsequent Event-Freeform Development, Inc.</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1.05pt;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><b>Note 15&#8212;Subsequent Event&#8212;Freeform Development, Inc.</b></font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0pt 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">&#160;</font></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0pt 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">In September 2017, the Company entered into an Agreement and Release with Freeform Development, Inc. (&#8220;Freeform&#8221;) and certain of its former employees, pursuant to which the Company obtained releases for the employees from their Freeform employment agreements in exchange for payments by us to satisfy certain of Freeform&#8217;s liabilities. The Company paid Freeform $125,000 in cash to pay its operating liabilities (with any excess to be refunded to the Company), and the Company paid the holders of Freeform&#8217;s convertible promissory notes cash of $97,567 and issued the noteholders a total of 126,679 shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock. In addition, the Company issued a total of 192,953 shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock to the employees and the employees entered into Employment Agreements with the Company. The aggregate consideration paid by the Company in connection with these matters was $833,000 consisting of cash of $223,000 and 319,632 shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock with a fair market value of $611,000 on the date of issue. The Company is in process of reviewing the accounting for the transaction that will be recorded in the first quarter of fiscal 2018.</font></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SubsequentEventsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventsTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for significant events or transactions that occurred after the balance sheet date through the date the financial statements were issued or the date the financial statements were available to be issued. Examples include: the sale of a capital stock issue, purchase of a business, settlement of litigation, catastrophic loss, significant foreign exchange rate changes, loans to insiders or affiliates, and transactions not in the ordinary course of business.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 855<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&amp;trid=2122774<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SubsequentEventsTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>36
<FILENAME>R22.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6760403520">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract', window );"><strong>Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_DescriptionOfBusinessPolicyTextBlock', window );">Description of Business</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Description of Business</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Zedge, Inc. (the &#8220;Company&#8221;), a Delaware corporation, was incorporated in 2008.&#160;<font style="background-color: white;">The Company&#8217;s content platform enables consumers to personalize their mobile devices with free, high-quality ringtones, wallpapers, home screen app icons, widgets and notification sounds.&#160;</font>The Company conducts business as a single operating segment.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The consolidated financial statements include all of the accounts of the Company and Zedge Europe AS, a Norwegian corporation and Zedge Canada, Inc. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0in; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Company&#8217;s fiscal year ends on July&#160;31 of each calendar year. Each reference below to a fiscal year refers to the fiscal year ending in the calendar year indicated (e.g., fiscal 2017 refers to the fiscal year ended July&#160;31, 2017).</font></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_CompanysSpinOffPolicyTextBlock', window );">The Spin-Off</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Spin-Off</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Company was formerly a majority-owned subsidiary of IDT Corporation (&#8220;IDT&#8221;). On June 1, 2016, IDT&#8217;s interest in the Company was spun-off by IDT to IDT&#8217;s stockholders and the Company became an independent public company through a pro rata distribution of the Company&#8217;s common stock held by IDT to IDT&#8217;s stockholders (the &#8220;Spin-Off&#8221;).</font></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock', window );">Basis of Accounting</a></td>
<td class="text"><div><p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Basis of Accounting</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The assets and liabilities in the accompanying financial statements are recorded at historical cost. Direct expenses historically incurred by IDT prior to the Spin-Off on behalf of the Company and zdgee Europe AS are reflected in these financial statements. The most significant expenses as covered under a Master Services Agreement with IDT were as follows: legal and professional fees, and salaries and employee benefits were allocated based on specific identification; certain facility costs, travel, and consulting fees, as well as salaries of personnel in the payroll, human resources, purchasing, accounts payable, treasury, network and telephone services and legal departments were allocated based on estimates of the incremental cost incurred by IDT; medical and dental benefits were allocated based on rates similar to COBRA health benefit provision rates charged to former IDT employees; stock-based compensation and retirement benefits under IDT&#8217;s defined contribution plan were allocated based on specific identification; and insurance was allocated based on a combination of headcount and specific policy identification. Management believes that the assumptions and methods of allocation used were reasonable. However, the costs as allocated were not necessarily indicative of the costs that would have been incurred if the Company operated on a stand-alone basis. Therefore, the consolidated financial statements included herein may not necessarily be indicative of the financial position, results of operations, changes in stockholders&#8217; equity and cash flows of the Company to be expected in the future or what they would have been had the Company been a separate stand-alone entity during the periods presented.</font></p></div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_UseOfEstimates', window );">Use of Estimates</a></td>
<td class="text"><div><p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Use of Estimates</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (&#8220;U.S. GAAP&#8221;) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results may differ from those estimates.</font></p></div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRecognitionPolicyTextBlock', window );">Revenue Recognition</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Revenue Recognition</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Company generates over 90% of its revenues from selling its advertising inventory to advertising networks, advertising exchanges, and direct arrangements with advertisers. Advertising networks and advertising exchanges are third party technology platforms that facilitate the buying and selling of media advertising inventory from multiple ad networks. The price of advertising inventory is fixed on an advertising network whereas the price for inventory is determined through bidding on an advertising exchange. The Company&#8217;s direct arrangements with advertisers are primarily related to game publishers. The Company recognizes advertising revenue as advertisements are delivered to users through impressions, ad views or app installs (depending on the terms agreed upon with the advertiser), as long as evidence of the arrangement with the payer exists (generally through an executed contract), the price is fixed and determinable, and the Company has assessed collectability as reasonably assured.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">The remainder of the Company&#8217;s revenue is primarily generated from our managing and optimizing the advertising inventory of a third-party mobile application publisher, as well as overseeing the billing, collections and reporting related to advertising for this publisher.</p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">&#160;</p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">The Company generally reports its revenue net of amounts due to agencies and brokers because the Company is not the primary obligor in the relevant arrangements, it does not finalize the pricing, and it does not establish or maintain a direct relationship with the advertiser. Certain advertising arrangements that are directly between the Company and advertisers are recognized gross equal to the price paid to the Company by the customer since the Company is the primary obligor and the Company determines the price. Any third party costs related to such direct relationships are recognized as direct cost of revenues.</p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk', window );">Concentration of Credit Risk and Significant Customers</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Concentration of Credit Risk and Significant Customers</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist principally of cash, cash equivalents and trade accounts receivable. The Company holds cash and cash equivalents at several major financial institutions, which may exceed FDIC insured limits. Historically, the Company has not experienced any losses due to such concentration of credit risk. The Company&#8217;s temporary cash investments policy is to limit the dollar amount of investments with any one financial institution and monitor the credit ratings of those institutions. While the Company may be exposed to credit losses due to the nonperformance of the holders of its deposits, the Company does not expect the settlement of these transactions to have a material effect on its results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Company routinely assesses the financial strength of its customers. As a result, the Company believes that its accounts receivable credit risk exposure is limited and has not experienced significant write-downs in its accounts receivable balances. In the year ended July 31, 2017, three customers represented 43%, 17%, and 10% of the Company's revenue and in the year ended July 31, 2016 three customers represented 45%, 20% and 13% of the Company's revenue. At July 31, 2017, two customers represented 47% and 12% of the Company&#8217;s accounts receivable balance and at July 31, 2016, one customer represented 62% of the Company&#8217;s accounts receivable balance. All of these significant customers were advertising exchanges operated by leading companies, and the receivables represent many smaller amounts due from advertisers.</font></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CostOfSalesPolicyTextBlock', window );">Direct Cost of Revenues</a></td>
<td class="text"><div><p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Direct Cost of Revenues</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Direct cost of revenues for the Company consists of fees paid to third parties that provide the Company with internet hosting, content serving and filtering, and marketing automation services. Such costs are charged to expense as incurred.</font></p></div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_LongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock', window );">Long-Lived Assets</a></td>
<td class="text"><div><p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Long-Lived Assets</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Property and equipment is recorded at cost and depreciated on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful lives, which range as follows: capitalized software and technology development costs&#8212;3 years; and other&#8212;3, 5, 7, 10 or 20 years. Other is comprised of furniture and fixtures, office equipment, video conference equipment, computer hardware and computer software.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Company tests the recoverability of its long-lived assets with finite useful lives whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. The Company tests for recoverability based on the projected undiscounted cash flows to be derived from such asset. If the projected undiscounted future cash flows are less than the carrying value of the asset, the Company will record an impairment loss, if any, based on the difference between the estimated fair value and the carrying value of the asset. The Company generally measures fair value by considering sale prices for similar assets or by discounting estimated future cash flows from such asset using an appropriate discount rate. Cash flow projections and fair value estimates require significant estimates and assumptions by management. Should the estimates and assumptions prove to be incorrect, the Company may be required to record impairments in future periods and such impairments could be material.</font></p></div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchDevelopmentAndComputerSoftwarePolicyTextBlock', window );">Capitalized Software and Technology Development Costs</a></td>
<td class="text"><div><p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Capitalized Software and Technology Development Costs</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Company accounts for capitalized software and technology development costs in accordance with Accounting Standard Codification (&#8220;ASC&#8221;) 350-40. These costs consist of internal development costs on various projects that the Company invested in specific to the various platforms on which the Company operates its service that are capitalized during the application development stage. Capitalized software and technology development costs are included in property and equipment, net and are amortized over the estimated useful life of the software, generally three years. All ordinary maintenance costs are expensed as incurred.</font></p></div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsGoodwillPolicy', window );">Goodwill</a></td>
<td class="text"><div><p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Goodwill</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price and related costs over the value assigned to the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets of the business acquired. Under ASC 350,&#160;<i>Intangibles-Goodwill and Other</i>, goodwill is not amortized, but instead is tested for impairment annually, or if certain circumstances indicate a possible impairment may exist. The Company determined that it is a single reporting unit for its annual impairment test.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">In fiscal 2017, the Company adopted the Accounting Standards Update (&#8220;ASU&#8221;) that simplifies the subsequent measurement of goodwill by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. In computing the implied fair value of goodwill under Step 2, an entity had to perform procedures to determine the fair value at the impairment testing date of its assets and liabilities (including unrecognized assets and liabilities) following the procedure that would be required in determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. Instead, under the amendments in this ASU, the Company performs its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of its reporting unit with its carrying amount. The Company would recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit&#8217;s fair value; however, the loss recognized would not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. Additionally, the Company considers income tax effects from any tax deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of its reporting unit when measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Company&#8217;s estimated fair value substantially exceeded its carrying value in Step 1 of the Company&#8217;s annual impairment tests as of May 1st for the years ended July 31, 2017 and 2016. The Company concluded that no goodwill impairment existed in the years ended July 31, 2017 and 2016. The Company uses the market approach (guideline company method) for its Step 1 analysis.</font></p></div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock', window );">Cash and Cash Equivalents</a></td>
<td class="text"><div><p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Cash and Cash Equivalents</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.</font></p></div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock', window );">Income Taxes</a></td>
<td class="text"><div><p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Income Taxes</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The accompanying financial statements include provisions for federal, state and foreign income taxes. Prior to the Spin-Off, the Company was included in consolidated federal income tax returns with IDT and IDT&#8217;s other subsidiaries.&#160;Income taxes in the accompanying consolidated financial statements were calculated on a separate tax return basis.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between the financial statements carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets depends on the generation of future taxable income during the period in which related temporary differences become deductible. The Company considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies in its assessment of a valuation allowance. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date of such change.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Company uses a two-step approach for recognizing and measuring tax benefits taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The Company determines whether it is more-likely-than-not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. In evaluating whether a tax position has met the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, the Company presumes that the position will be examined by the appropriate taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured to determine the amount of tax benefit to recognize in the financial statements. The tax position is measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Differences between tax positions taken in a tax return and amounts recognized in the financial statements will generally result in one or more of the following: an increase in a liability for income taxes payable, a reduction of an income tax refund receivable, a reduction in a deferred tax asset, or an increase in a deferred tax liability.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Company classifies interest and penalties on income taxes as a component of income tax expense.</font></p></div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock', window );">Contingencies</a></td>
<td class="text"><div><p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Contingencies</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Company accrues for loss contingencies when both (a)&#160;information available prior to issuance of the financial statements indicates that it is probable that a liability had been incurred at the date of the financial statements and (b)&#160;the amount of loss can reasonably be estimated. When the Company accrues for loss contingencies and the reasonable estimate of the loss is within a range, the Company records its best estimate within the range. When no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount, the Company accrues the minimum amount in the range. The Company discloses an estimated possible loss or a range of loss when it is at least reasonably possible that a loss may have been incurred.</font></p></div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock', window );">Earnings Per Share</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Earnings Per Share</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to all classes of common stockholders of the Company by the weighted average number of shares of all classes of common stock outstanding during the applicable period. Diluted earnings per share is computed in the same manner as basic earnings per share, except that the number of shares is increased to include restricted stock still subject to risk of forfeiture and to assume exercise of potentially dilutive stock options using the treasury stock method, unless the effect of such increase is anti-dilutive.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The weighted-average number of shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to the Company&#8217;s common stockholders consists of the following:</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">&#160;</p><table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Year ended July 31,</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(in thousands)</font></p></td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2">2017</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2">2016</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="width: 1191px;">Basic weighted-average number of shares</td><td style="width: 16px;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 142px; text-align: right;">9,467</td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 15px;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 141px; text-align: right;">8,346</td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td style="text-align: left;">Effect of dilutive securities:</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt;">Stock options</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;"><p style="margin: 0pt 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8212;</font></p></td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">913</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">Non-vested restricted Class B common stock</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#8212;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color:
 black;
 border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">20</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">Diluted weighted-average number of shares</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">9,467</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">9,279</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td></tr></table><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The following shares were excluded from the diluted earnings per share computation because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive:</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">&#160;</p><table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">Year ended July 31,&#160;<br />(in thousands)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2">2017</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2">2016</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="width: 1191px; text-align: left;">Stock options</td><td style="width: 16px;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 142px; text-align: right;">1,438</td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 15px;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 141px; text-align: right;">355</td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">Non-vested restricted Class B common stock</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">53</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#8212;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">Shares excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">1,491</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black;
 border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">355</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td></tr></table><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">For fiscal 2017, the diluted earnings per share equals basic earnings per share because the Company had a net loss and the impact of the assumed exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock would have been anti-dilutive. For fiscal 2016, outstanding stock options were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share because the exercise price of the stock options was greater than the average market price of the Company&#8217;s stock during the period.</font></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy', window );">Stock-Based Compensation</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Stock-Based Compensation</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Company recognizes&#160;compensation expense for all of its grants of stock-based awards based on the estimated fair value on the grant date. Compensation cost for awards is recognized using the straight-line method over the vesting period. Stock-based compensation is included in selling, general and administrative expense.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">On August 1, 2017, the Company adopted the ASU intended to improve the accounting for employee share-based payments. The ASU simplifies several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. The adoption of the ASU did not have an impact on the Company&#8217;s consolidated financial statements.</font></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock', window );">Fair Value Measurements</a></td>
<td class="text"><div><p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Fair Value Measurements</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Fair value of financial and non-financial assets and liabilities is defined as an exit price, which is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The three-tier hierarchy for inputs used to measure fair value, which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value, is as follows:</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">&#160;</p><table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1551px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"><td style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 140px; text-indent: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; vertical-align: top; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Level&#160;1&#160;&#8211;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1411px; text-indent: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.</font></td></tr><tr style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"><td style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; vertical-align: top; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Level&#160;2&#160;&#8211;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; text-indent: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.</font></td></tr><tr style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"><td style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; vertical-align: top; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Level&#160;3&#160;&#8211;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; text-indent: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">unobservable inputs based on the Company&#8217;s assumptions used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value.</font></td></tr></table><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">A financial asset or liability&#8217;s classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment, and may affect the valuation of the assets and liabilities being measured and their placement within the fair value hierarchy.</font></p></div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_DerivativeInstrumentsForeignExchangeForwardContractsPolicyTextBlock', window );">Derivative Instruments - Foreign Exchange Forward Contracts</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Derivative Instruments &#8211; Foreign Exchange Forward Contracts</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Company&#8217;s earnings and cash flows are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, primarily the&#160;<font style="background-color: white;">U.S. Dollar&#160;</font>&#8211; Norwegian Krone (&#8220;NOK&#8221;) exchange rate. The Company&#8217;s risk management policy allows for the use of derivative financial instruments to prudently manage foreign currency exchange rate exposure. Foreign currency derivative activities are subject to the management, direction and control of the executive management. Foreign exchange forward contracts are recognized on the consolidated balance sheet at their fair value in &#8220;Other current assets&#8221; or &#8220;Accrued expenses&#8221;, and changes in fair value are recognized in &#8220;Net gain (loss) resulting from foreign exchange transactions&#8221; in the consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income.</font></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock', window );">Functional Currency</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Functional Currency</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The U.S. Dollar is the Company&#8217;s functional currency. The functional currencies for the Company&#8217;s subsidiaries that operate outside of the United States are NOK for Zedge Europe AS and the Canadian dollar for Zedge Canada, Inc., which are the currencies of the primary economic environments in which they primarily expend cash. The Company translates assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies to U.S. Dollars at the exchange rate in effect as of the financial statement date, and translates accounts from the statements of comprehensive (loss)&#160;<font style="background-color: white;">income using the weighted average exchange rate for the period. Gains or losses resulting from foreign currency translations are recorded in &#8220;Accumulated other comprehensive loss&#8221; in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses including gains and losses from currency exchange rate changes related to intercompany receivables and payables are reported in &#8220;Net gain (loss) resulting from foreign exchange transactions&#8221; in the accompanying&#160;</font>consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income.</font></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReceivablesTradeAndOtherAccountsReceivableAllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsPolicy', window );">Allowance for Doubtful Accounts</a></td>
<td class="text"><div><p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Allowance for Doubtful Accounts</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The allowance for doubtful accounts reflects the Company&#8217;s best estimate of probable losses inherent in the accounts receivable balance. The allowance is determined based on known troubled accounts, historical experience and other currently available evidence. Doubtful accounts are written-off upon final determination that the trade accounts will not be collected.</font></p></div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock', window );">Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: italic 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">In August 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (&#8220;FASB&#8221;) issued an ASU intended to improve the financial reporting of hedging relationships to better portray the economic results of an entity&#8217;s risk management activities in its financial statements. In addition, the ASU includes certain targeted improvements to simplify the application of hedge accounting guidance in U.S. GAAP. The amendments in this ASU are effective for the Company on August 1, 2019. Early application is permitted. Entities will apply the amendments to cash flow and net investment hedge relationships that exist on the date of adoption using a modified retrospective approach. The presentation and disclosure requirements will be applied prospectively. The Company is evaluating the impact that this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; font-stretch: normal;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">In May 2017, the FASB issued an ASU to provide guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting. Pursuant to this ASU, an entity should account for the effects of a modification unless all the following are met: (1) the fair value (or calculated value or intrinsic value, if such an alternative measurement method is used) of the modified award is the same as the fair value (or calculated value or intrinsic value, if such an alternative measurement method is used) of the original award immediately before the original award is modified (if the modification does not affect any of the inputs to the valuation technique that the entity uses to value the award, the entity is not required to estimate the value immediately before and after the modification); (2) the vesting conditions of the modified award are the same as the vesting conditions of the original award immediately before the original award is modified; and (3) the classification of the modified award as an equity instrument or a liability instrument is the same as the classification of the original award immediately before the original award is modified. The Company will adopt the amendments in this ASU prospectively to an award modified on or after on August 1, 2018. The Company is evaluating the impact that the new standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">In January 2017, the FASB issued an ASU to clarify the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. Under the current guidance, there are three elements of a business&#8212;inputs, processes, and outputs. While an integrated set of assets and activities (collectively referred to as a &#8220;set&#8221;) that is a business usually has outputs, outputs are not required to be present. In addition, all the inputs and processes that a seller uses in operating a set are not required if market participants can acquire the set and continue to produce outputs, for example, by integrating the acquired set with their own inputs and processes. The amendments in this ASU provide a screen to determine when a set is not a business. The screen requires that when substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired (or disposed of) is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets, the set is not a business. This screen reduces the number of transactions that need to be further evaluated. If the screen is not met, the amendments in this ASU (1) require that to be considered a business, a set must include, at a minimum, an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create output and (2) remove the evaluation of whether a market participant could replace missing elements. The amendments provide a framework to assist entities in evaluating whether both an input and a substantive process are present. The framework includes two sets of criteria to consider that depend on whether a set has outputs. Although outputs are not required for a set to be a business, outputs generally are a key element of a business; therefore, the FASB has developed more stringent criteria for sets without outputs. Lastly, the ASU narrows the definition of the
 term output. The Company will adopt the amendments in this ASU on August 1, 2018. The Company is evaluating the impact that the new standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">In June 2016, the FASB issued an ASU that changes the impairment model for most financial assets and certain other instruments. For receivables, loans and other instruments, entities will be required to use a new forward-looking &#8220;expected loss&#8221; model that generally will result in the earlier recognition of allowance for losses. For available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses, entities will measure credit losses in a manner similar to current practice, except the losses will be recognized as allowances instead of reductions in the amortized cost of the securities. In addition, an entity will have to disclose significantly more information about allowances, credit quality indicators and past due securities. The new provisions will be applied as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings. The Company will adopt the new standard on August 1, 2020. The Company is evaluating the impact that the new standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">In February 2016, the FASB issued an ASU related to the accounting for leases. The new standard establishes a right-of-use (&#8220;ROU&#8221;) model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. The Company will adopt the new standard on August 1, 2019. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. The Company is evaluating the impact that the new standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">In May 2014, the FASB and the International Accounting Standards Board jointly issued a comprehensive new revenue recognition standard that will supersede most of the current revenue recognition guidance under U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards (&#8220;IFRS&#8221;). The goals of the revenue recognition project were to clarify and converge the revenue recognition principles under U.S. GAAP and IFRS and to develop guidance that would streamline and enhance revenue recognition requirements. To accomplish this objective, the standard requires five basic steps: (i) identify the contract with the customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. Entities have the option of using either a full retrospective or modified retrospective approach for the adoption of the standard. The Company expects to adopt this standard on August 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach. The Company has identified its main revenue streams, which are advertising revenue, app installs and advertising ops outsourcing. In addition, the Company substantially completed reviewing contracts and other relevant documents for most of its customers that comprises its main revenue streams. Based on this preliminary analysis to date of the adoption of the standard, the Company has not identified a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements, although this is subject to change as the Company completes the process.</font></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for basis of accounting, or basis of presentation, used to prepare the financial statements (for example, US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, Other Comprehensive Basis of Accounting, IFRS).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for cash and cash equivalents, including the policy for determining which items are treated as cash equivalents. Other information that may be disclosed includes (1) the nature of any restrictions on the entity's use of its cash and cash equivalents, (2) whether the entity's cash and cash equivalents are insured or expose the entity to credit risk, (3) the classification of any negative balance accounts (overdrafts), and (4) the carrying basis of cash equivalents (for example, at cost) and whether the carrying amount of cash equivalents approximates fair value.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 305<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 05<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6375392&amp;loc=d3e26790-107797<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98513485&amp;loc=d3e4273-108586<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84158767&amp;loc=d3e18780-107790<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for commitments and contingencies, which may include policies for recognizing and measuring loss and gain contingencies.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84158767&amp;loc=d3e18780-107790<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 954<br> -SubTopic 450<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6491354&amp;loc=d3e6052-115624<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 954<br> -SubTopic 450<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6491354&amp;loc=d3e6049-115624<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 460<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68068213&amp;loc=d3e12565-110249<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for credit risk.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=75027168&amp;loc=d3e14489-108613<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 825<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=75032840&amp;loc=d3e61082-112788<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 825<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=75027451&amp;loc=SL29635902-196195<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 21<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=77997519&amp;loc=d3e13537-108611<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=77997519&amp;loc=d3e13531-108611<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 825<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=75032840&amp;loc=d3e61044-112788<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CostOfSalesPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for recognition of costs in the period which correspond to the sales and revenue categories presented in the statement of operations. The accounting policy may include the amount and nature of costs incurred, provisions associated with inventories, purchase discounts, freight and other costs included in cost of sales incurred and recorded in the period. This disclosure also includes the nature of costs of sales incurred and recorded in the statement of operations for the period relating to transactions with related parties.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 225<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=63488584&amp;loc=d3e20235-122688<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 605<br> -SubTopic 50<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68069731&amp;loc=d3e63676-111659<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84158767&amp;loc=d3e18780-107790<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CostOfSalesPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for computing basic and diluted earnings or loss per share for each class of common stock and participating security. Addresses all significant policy factors, including any antidilutive items that have been excluded from the computation and takes into account stock dividends, splits and reverse splits that occur after the balance sheet date of the latest reporting period but before the issuance of the financial statements.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3630-109257<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84158767&amp;loc=d3e18780-107790<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for fair value measurements of financial and non-financial assets, liabilities and instruments classified in shareholders' equity. Disclosures include, but are not limited to, how an entity that manages a group of financial assets and liabilities on the basis of its net exposure measures the fair value of those assets and liabilities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for (1) transactions denominated in a currency other than the reporting enterprise's functional currency, (2) translating foreign currency financial statements that are incorporated into the financial statements of the reporting enterprise by consolidation, combination, or the equity method of accounting, and (3) remeasurement of the financial statements of a foreign reporting enterprise in a hyperinflationary economy.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84158767&amp;loc=d3e18780-107790<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6450520&amp;loc=d3e32583-110901<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6450222&amp;loc=d3e30840-110895<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsGoodwillPolicy">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for goodwill. This accounting policy also may address how an entity assesses and measures impairment of goodwill, how reporting units are determined, how goodwill is allocated to such units, and how the fair values of the reporting units are determined.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84158767&amp;loc=d3e18780-107790<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=35741047&amp;loc=d3e13816-109267<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsGoodwillPolicy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for income taxes, which may include its accounting policies for recognizing and measuring deferred tax assets and liabilities and related valuation allowances, recognizing investment tax credits, operating loss carryforwards, tax credit carryforwards, and other carryforwards, methodologies for determining its effective income tax rate and the characterization of interest and penalties in the financial statements.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84158767&amp;loc=d3e18780-107790<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 19<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32840-109319<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 05<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65884525&amp;loc=d3e40913-109327<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 954<br> -SubTopic 740<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6491622&amp;loc=d3e9504-115650<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32809-109319<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84176650&amp;loc=d3e32247-109318<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84176650&amp;loc=d3e32280-109318<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy pertaining to new accounting pronouncements that may impact the entity's financial reporting. Includes, but is not limited to, quantification of the expected or actual impact.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ReceivablesTradeAndOtherAccountsReceivableAllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsPolicy">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for determining the allowance for doubtful accounts for trade and other accounts receivable balances, and when impairments, charge-offs or recoveries are recognized.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(4))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84173941&amp;loc=d3e5144-111524<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84158767&amp;loc=d3e18780-107790<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ReceivablesTradeAndOtherAccountsReceivableAllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsPolicy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ResearchDevelopmentAndComputerSoftwarePolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for its research and development and computer software activities including the accounting treatment for costs incurred for (1) research and development activities, (2) development of computer software for internal use, (3) computer software to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed as a separate product or as part of a product or process and (4) in-process research and development acquired in a purchase business combination.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Section 30<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6389767&amp;loc=d3e17916-109280<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84158767&amp;loc=d3e18780-107790<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 985<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6501960&amp;loc=d3e128462-111756<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.15)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 50<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=16397303&amp;loc=d3e19347-109286<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ResearchDevelopmentAndComputerSoftwarePolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueRecognitionPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for revenue recognition. If the entity has different policies for different types of revenue transactions, the policy for each material type of transaction is generally disclosed. If a sales transaction has multiple element arrangements (for example, delivery of multiple products, services or the rights to use assets) the disclosure may indicate the accounting policy for each unit of accounting as well as how units of accounting are determined and valued. The disclosure may encompass important judgment as to appropriateness of principles related to recognition of revenue. The disclosure also may indicate the entity's treatment of any unearned or deferred revenue that arises from the transaction.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84158767&amp;loc=d3e18823-107790<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 605<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 13.B.Q1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65893310&amp;loc=d3e214044-122780<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84158767&amp;loc=d3e18780-107790<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84158767&amp;loc=d3e18726-107790<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueRecognitionPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for stock option and stock incentive plans. This disclosure may include (1) the types of stock option or incentive plans sponsored by the entity (2) the groups that participate in (or are covered by) each plan (3) significant plan provisions and (4) how stock compensation is measured, and the methodologies and significant assumptions used to determine that measurement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5047-113901<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84158767&amp;loc=d3e18780-107790<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (b),(f)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_UseOfEstimates">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for the use of estimates in the preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 275<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84177426&amp;loc=d3e6061-108592<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 275<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84177426&amp;loc=d3e6143-108592<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 275<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84177426&amp;loc=d3e6132-108592<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_UseOfEstimates</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_zdge_CompanysSpinOffPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy regarding the company's spin off.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">zdge_CompanysSpinOffPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>zdge_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_zdge_DerivativeInstrumentsForeignExchangeForwardContractsPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy regarding Derivative instruments foreign exchange forward contracts.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">zdge_DerivativeInstrumentsForeignExchangeForwardContractsPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>zdge_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_zdge_DescriptionOfBusinessPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy regarding description of business.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">zdge_DescriptionOfBusinessPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>zdge_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_zdge_LongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Long-Lived Assets policy text block.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">zdge_LongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>zdge_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>37
<FILENAME>R23.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6762409072">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract', window );"><strong>Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareDilutedByCommonClassTextBlock', window );">Schedule of weighted-average number of shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share</a></td>
<td class="text"><table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Year ended July 31,</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(in thousands)</font></p></td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2">2017</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2">2016</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="width: 1191px;">Basic weighted-average number of shares</td><td style="width: 16px;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 142px; text-align: right;">9,467</td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 15px;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 141px; text-align: right;">8,346</td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td style="text-align: left;">Effect of dilutive securities:</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt;">Stock options</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;"><p style="margin: 0pt 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8212;</font></p></td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">913</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">Non-vested restricted Class B common stock</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#8212;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">20</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">Diluted weighted-average number of shares</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">9,467</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">9,279</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td></tr></table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock', window );">Schedule of shares were excluded from the diluted earnings per share</a></td>
<td class="text"><table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">Year ended July 31,&#160;<br />(in thousands)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2">2017</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2">2016</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="width: 1191px; text-align: left;">Stock options</td><td style="width: 16px;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 142px; text-align: right;">1,438</td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 15px;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 141px; text-align: right;">355</td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">Non-vested restricted Class B common stock</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">53</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#8212;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">Shares excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">1,491</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">355</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td></tr></table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of securities (including those issuable pursuant to contingent stock agreements) that could potentially dilute basic earnings per share (EPS) in the future that were not included in the computation of diluted EPS because to do so would increase EPS amounts or decrease loss per share amounts for the period presented, by antidilutive securities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareDilutedByCommonClassTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the effect of income (loss) on an entity's diluted earnings per share.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96947427&amp;loc=d3e1252-109256<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96947427&amp;loc=d3e1311-109256<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96947427&amp;loc=d3e1278-109256<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 225<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.21)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=63488584&amp;loc=d3e20235-122688<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 52<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96948231&amp;loc=d3e4984-109258<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareDilutedByCommonClassTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>38
<FILENAME>R24.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6762330848">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Fair Value Measurements (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract', window );"><strong>Fair Value Measurements [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock', window );">Summary of balance of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis</a></td>
<td class="text"><table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>July 31, 2017</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(in thousands)</font></p></td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2">Level 1</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2">Level 2</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2">Level 3</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2">Total</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td>Assets:</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="width: 815px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">Foreign exchange forward contracts</td><td style="width: 16px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">$</td><td style="width: 142px; text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#8212;</td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 16px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">$</td><td style="width: 142px; text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">137</td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 15px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">$</td><td style="width: 141px; text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#8212;</td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 15px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">$</td><td style="width: 141px; text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">137</td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td>Liabilities:</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt;
 border-bottom-style: solid;">Foreign exchange forward contracts</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">$</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#8212;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">$</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#8212;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">$</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#8212;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">$</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#8212;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td></tr></table><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></p><table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>July 31, 2016</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(in thousands)</font></p></td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2">Level 1</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2">Level 2</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2">Level 3</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2">Total</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td>Assets:</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="width: 815px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">Foreign exchange forward contracts</td><td style="width: 16px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">$</td><td style="width: 142px; text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#8212;</td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 16px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">$</td><td style="width: 142px; text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">21</td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 15px; border-bottom-color: black;
 border-bottom-width:
 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">$</td><td style="width: 141px; text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#8212;</td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 15px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">$</td><td style="width: 141px; text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">21</td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td>Liabilities:</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">Foreign exchange forward contracts</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">$</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#8212;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">$</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">15</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">$</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#8212;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">$</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">15</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"></td></tr></table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of assets and liabilities, including [financial] instruments measured at fair value that are classified in stockholders' equity, if any, that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. The disclosures contemplated herein include the fair value measurements at the reporting date by the level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements in their entirety fall, segregating fair value measurements using quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1), significant other observable inputs (Level 2), and significant unobservable inputs (Level 3).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66048111&amp;loc=d3e19190-110258<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>39
<FILENAME>R25.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6759040208">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Derivative Instruments (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsAndHedgingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Derivative Instruments [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfNotionalAmountsOfOutstandingDerivativePositionsTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of derivative instruments outstanding contracts</a></td>
<td class="text"><table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">Settlement Date</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; text-align: right; font-stretch: normal;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>U.S. Dollar</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; text-align: right; font-stretch: normal;"></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; text-align: right; font-stretch: normal;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>Amount</b></font></p></td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; text-align: right; font-stretch: normal;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>NOK</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; text-align: right; font-stretch: normal;"></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; text-align: right; font-stretch: normal;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>Amount</b></font></p></td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="width: 1191px;">August 2017</td><td style="width: 16px;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 142px; text-align: right;">1,000,000</td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 15px;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 141px; text-align: right;">8,408,640</td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td>September 2017</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">1,000,000</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">8,404,640</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td></tr></table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfDerivativeInstrumentsInStatementOfFinancialPositionFairValueTextBlock', window );">Schedule of fair value of derivative assets and liabilities</a></td>
<td class="text"><table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">July 31,</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(in thousands)</font></p></td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2">2017</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2">2016</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"><td>Assets Derivatives:</td><td>&#160;</td><td>Balance Sheet Location</td><td>&#160;</td><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"><td style="text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 20pt; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">Derivatives not designated or not qualifying as hedging instruments</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="width: 800px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">Foreign exchange forward contracts</td><td style="width: 16px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 377px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">Other current assets</td><td style="width: 16px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">$</td><td style="width: 141px; text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">137</td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 15px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">$</td><td style="width: 141px; text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">21</td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td style="text-align: left;"><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 12pt; text-indent: -12pt; font-stretch: normal;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Liabilities Derivatives:</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-stretch: normal;"></p></td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 20pt; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">Derivatives not designated or not qualifying as hedging instruments</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black;
 border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">Foreign exchange forward contracts</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">Accrued expenses</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">$</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#8212;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">$</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">15</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td></tr></table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfDerivativesInstrumentsStatementsOfFinancialPerformanceAndFinancialPositionLocationTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of derivative instruments on consolidated statements of comprehensive income</a></td>
<td class="text"><table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Year ended July 31,</font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(in thousands)</font></p></td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; text-align: right; font-stretch: normal;"></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; text-align: right; font-stretch: normal;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>2017</b></font></p></td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2">2016</td><td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"><td style="text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">Derivatives not designated or not qualifying as hedging instruments</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized on Derivatives</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="width: 643px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">Foreign exchange forward contracts</td><td style="width: 16px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="padding: 0px; width: 565px; text-indent: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><p style="margin: 0pt 0px;">Net gain (loss) resulting from foreign exchange transactions</p></td><td style="width: 16px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">$</td><td style="width: 126px; text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">105</td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 15px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">$</td><td style="width: 125px; text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">(142</td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">)</td></tr></table><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.7pt; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsAndHedgingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsAndHedgingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfDerivativeInstrumentsInStatementOfFinancialPositionFairValueTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the location and fair value amounts of derivative instruments (and nonderivative instruments that are designated and qualify as hedging instruments) reported in the statement of financial position.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4B<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84234895&amp;loc=SL5624163-113959<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ScheduleOfDerivativeInstrumentsInStatementOfFinancialPositionFairValueTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfDerivativesInstrumentsStatementsOfFinancialPerformanceAndFinancialPositionLocationTableTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of derivative instruments (including nonderivative instruments that are designated and qualify as hedging instruments) of (a) the location and amount of gains and losses reported in the statement of financial performance and (b) the location and fair value amounts of the instruments reported in the statement of financial position.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4A<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84234895&amp;loc=SL5618551-113959<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ScheduleOfDerivativesInstrumentsStatementsOfFinancialPerformanceAndFinancialPositionLocationTableTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfNotionalAmountsOfOutstandingDerivativePositionsTableTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the notional amounts of outstanding derivative positions.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84234895&amp;loc=SL5579245-113959<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ScheduleOfNotionalAmountsOfOutstandingDerivativePositionsTableTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>40
<FILENAME>R26.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6762309104">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Property and Equipment (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract', window );"><strong>Property and Equipment [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock', window );">Schedule of property and equipment</a></td>
<td class="text"><table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">July 31,<br />(in thousands)</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">2007</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">2016</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="width: 1191px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Capitalized software and technology development costs</font></td><td style="width: 16px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td><td style="width: 142px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">6,419</font></td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="width: 15px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td><td style="width: 141px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">5,001</font></td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Other</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">297</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">230</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;
 font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">6,716</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">5,231</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Less accumulated depreciation and amortization</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(4,038</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">)</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(3,388</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">)</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Total</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">2,678</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">1,843</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;
 font-size: 10pt;"></font></td></tr></table><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">&#160;</p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Includes, but is not limited to, balances by class of assets, depreciation and depletion expense and method used, including composite depreciation, and accumulated deprecation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(13))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>41
<FILENAME>R27.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6762453040">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Goodwill (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Goodwill [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfIntangibleAssetsAndGoodwillTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of change in carrying amount of goodwill</a></td>
<td class="text"><table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(in thousands)</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="width: 1379px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Balance at July 31, 2015</font></td><td style="width: 16px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td><td style="width: 141px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">2,438</font></td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Foreign currency translation adjustments</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(77</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">)</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Balance at July 31, 2016</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">2,361</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Foreign currency translation adjustments</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">157</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size:
 10pt;">Balance at July 31, 2017</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">2,518</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"></font></td></tr></table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfIntangibleAssetsAndGoodwillTableTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of goodwill and intangible assets, which may be broken down by segment or major class.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=35741047&amp;loc=d3e13816-109267<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ScheduleOfIntangibleAssetsAndGoodwillTableTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>42
<FILENAME>R28.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6762316960">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Accrued Expenses (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract', window );"><strong>Accrued Expenses [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock', window );">Summary of accrued expenses</a></td>
<td class="text"><table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">July 31,&#160;<br />(in thousands)</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">2017</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">2016</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="width: 1191px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Accrued vacation</font></td><td style="width: 16px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td><td style="width: 142px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">685</font></td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="width: 15px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td><td style="width: 141px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">494</font></td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Accrued payroll taxes</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">277</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">210</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Accrued payroll and bonuses</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px;
 padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">250</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">72</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Accrued direct cost of revenues</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">6</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">111</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Accrued advertising</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">184</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">242</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Accrued income taxes</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">36</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">119</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Accrued Professional fees</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px;
 padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">130</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">131</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Other</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">272</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">108</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Total accrued expenses</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">1,840</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">1,487</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr></table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the components of accrued liabilities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>43
<FILENAME>R29.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6762427424">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Equity (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityAbstract', window );"><strong>Equity [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_ScheduleOfMezzanineEquityTableTextBlock', window );">Summary of changes in the components of equity</a></td>
<td class="text"><div><table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="6"><b>Series B Convertible Preferred&#160;Stock</b></td><td>&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">(dollars in thousands)</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>Shares</b></font></td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>Amount</b></font></td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="width: 1191px;">Balance at July 31, 2015</td><td style="width: 16px;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 142px; text-align: right;">947</td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 15px;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left;">$</td><td style="width: 141px; text-align: right;">100</td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">Reclassification of mezzanine equity</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">(947</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">)</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">(100</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">Balance at July 31, 2016</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#8212;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">$</td><td style="text-align: right; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#8212;</td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;">&#160;</td></tr></table></div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EquityAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquityAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_zdge_ScheduleOfMezzanineEquityTableTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of changes in mezzanine equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">zdge_ScheduleOfMezzanineEquityTableTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>zdge_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>44
<FILENAME>R30.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6762289024">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Commitments and Contingencies [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfFutureMinimumRentalPaymentsForOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock', window );">Summary of future contractual obligations and other commercial commitments</a></td>
<td class="text"><table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Year ended July 31,&#160;<br />(in thousands)</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: center; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>2018</b></font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: center; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;<b>2019</b></font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: center; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;<b>Thereafter</b></font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: center; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Total</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="padding: 0px; width: 815px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Real estate leases</font></td><td style="padding: 0px; width: 16px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="padding: 0px; width: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td><td style="padding: 0px; width: 142px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">202</font></td><td style="padding: 0px; width: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="padding: 0px; width: 16px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="padding: 0px; width: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td><td style="padding: 0px; width: 142px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">102</font></td><td style="padding: 0px; width: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="padding: 0px; width: 15px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="padding: 0px; width: 15px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td><td style="padding: 0px; width: 141px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8212;</font></td><td style="padding: 0px; width: 15px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="padding: 0px; width: 15px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="padding: 0px; width: 15px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td><td style="padding: 0px; width: 141px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">304</font></td><td style="padding: 0px; width: 15px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom;
 background-color: white;"><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Software as a Service (&#8220;SaaS&#8221;) license</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">223</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">100</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8212;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">323</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Total contractual obligations</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">425</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color:
 black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">202</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8212;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">627</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr></table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfFutureMinimumRentalPaymentsForOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of future minimum payments required in the aggregate and for each of the five succeeding fiscal years for operating leases having initial or remaining noncancelable lease terms in excess of one year and the total minimum rentals to be received in the future under noncancelable subleases as of the balance sheet date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=77902758&amp;loc=d3e41502-112717<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ScheduleOfFutureMinimumRentalPaymentsForOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>45
<FILENAME>R31.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6927212096">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Income Taxes (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Income Taxes [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfIncomeBeforeIncomeTaxDomesticAndForeignTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of components of income before income taxes</a></td>
<td class="text"><table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Year ended July 31,&#160;<br />(in thousands)</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">2017</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">2016</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="width: 1191px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Domestic</font></td><td style="width: 16px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td><td style="width: 142px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(717</font></td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">)</font></td><td style="width: 15px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td><td style="width: 141px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">604</font></td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Foreign</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">90</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">522</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr
 style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 4pt; border-bottom-style: double;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(Loss) income before income taxes</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 4pt; border-bottom-style: double;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 4pt; border-bottom-style: double;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 4pt; border-bottom-style: double;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(627</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 4pt; border-bottom-style: double;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">)</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 4pt; border-bottom-style: double;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 4pt; border-bottom-style: double;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 4pt; border-bottom-style: double;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">1,126</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 4pt; border-bottom-style: double;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr></table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of provision for income taxes</a></td>
<td class="text"><div><table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Year ended July 31,&#160;<br />(in thousands)</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">2017</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">2016</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Current:</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="width: 1179px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0.125in;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Foreign</font></td><td style="width: 16px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td><td style="width: 142px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">12</font></td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="width: 15px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td><td style="width: 141px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">169</font></td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0.125in;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Federal</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8212;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;
 font-size:
 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8212;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0.125in; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">State</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8212;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8212;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Total current expense</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">12</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">169</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Deferred:</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;
 font-size:
 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0.125in;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Foreign</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(28</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">)</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(26</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">)</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0.125in;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Federal</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8212;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8212;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0.125in; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">State</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8212;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8212;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px;
 padding-left: 0px;
 border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Total deferred expense</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(28</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">)</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(26</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">)</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(Benefit from) Provision for income taxes</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(16</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">)</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">143</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr></table><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"></p></div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of differences between income taxes expected at the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate and income taxes report</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>
<p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">&#160;</font></p>
<p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"></p>
<table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1250.4px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom;">
<td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Year ended July 31,&#160;</font><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><br /><font style="font-size: 10pt;">(in thousands)</font></font></td>
<td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">2017</font></td>
<td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">2016</font></td>
<td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;">
<td style="width: 950.4px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">U.S. federal income tax at statutory rate</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="width: 112.8px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(213</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">)</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="width: 112px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">383</font></td>
<td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;">
<td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">State income tax</font></td>
<td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(165</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">)</font></td>
<td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size:
 10pt;">69</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;">
<td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Valuation allowance</font></td>
<td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">717</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(276</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;">
<td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Foreign tax rate differential</font></td>
<td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">16</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(34</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;">
<td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Meals</font></td>
<td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">5</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">4</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;">
<td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Stock compensation and employment credits</font></td>
<td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(381</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">)</font></td>
<td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size:
 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8212;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;">
<td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Other</font></td>
<td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">5</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(3</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;">
<td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(Benefit from) provision for income taxes</font></td>
<td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(16</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">)</font></td>
<td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">143</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>&#160;</div>
<table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1250.4px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom;">
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">July 31,&#160;</font><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><br /><font style="font-size: 10pt;">(in thousands)</font></font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">2017</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">2016</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom;">
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Deferred tax assets:</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;">
<td style="width: 950.4px; text-align: left; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Net operating loss carryforwards</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="width: 112.8px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">951</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="width: 112px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">305</font></td>
<td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;">
<td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Reserves and accruals</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">377</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;
 text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">352</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;">
<td style="text-align: left; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Stock-based compensation</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">76</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">1</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;">
<td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Gross deferred tax assets</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">1,404</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">658</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;">
<td style="text-align: left; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">Less valuation allowance</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(1,232</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">)</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(515</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;">
<td style="text-align: left; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Total deferred tax
 assets</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">172</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">143</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;">
<td style="text-align: left; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Total deferred tax liabilities</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8212;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8212;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;">
<td style="text-align: left; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Deferred tax assets, net</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">172</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">143</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<div>&#160;</div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SummaryOfValuationAllowanceTextBlock', window );">Schedule of change in the valuation allowance</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"></p>
<table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1250.4px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom;">
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Year ended July 31&#160;<br />(in thousands)</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>Balance at</b></font><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><br /><font style="font-size: 10pt;"><b>beginning of</b></font><br /><font style="font-size: 10pt;"><b>year</b></font></font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>Additions</b></font><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><br /><font style="font-size: 10pt;"><b>charged to</b></font><br /><font style="font-size: 10pt;"><b>costs and</b></font><br /><font style="font-size: 10pt;"><b>expenses</b></font></font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>Deductions</b></font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>Balance at</b></font><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><br /><font style="font-size: 10pt;"><b>end of year</b></font></font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>&#160;</b></font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom;">
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">2017</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font
 style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom;">
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Reserves deducted from deferred income taxes, net:</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;">
<td style="width: 626.4px; text-align: left; padding-left: 0.25in; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Valuation allowance</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="width: 112.8px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">515</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="width: 112.8px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">717</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="width: 112px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8212;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="width: 112px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">1,232</font></td>
<td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;">
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">2016</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td
 style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;">
<td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Reserves deducted from deferred income taxes, net:</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;">
<td style="text-align: left; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-left: 0.25in; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Valuation allowance</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td
 style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">2,305</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8212;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(1,790</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">)</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">515</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<div>&#160;</div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the components of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for each year presented including, but not limited to: current tax expense (benefit), deferred tax expense (benefit), investment tax credits, government grants, the benefits of operating loss carryforwards, tax expense that results from allocating certain tax benefits either directly to contributed capital or to reduce goodwill or other noncurrent intangible assets of an acquired entity, adjustments of a deferred tax liability or asset for enacted changes in tax laws or rates or a change in the tax status of the entity, and adjustments of the beginning-of-the-year balances of a valuation allowance because of a change in circumstances that causes a change in judgment about the realizability of the related deferred tax asset in future years.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32639-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the components of net deferred tax asset or liability recognized in an entity's statement of financial position, including the following: the total of all deferred tax liabilities, the total of all deferred tax assets, the total valuation allowance recognized for deferred tax assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32537-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the reconciliation using percentage or dollar amounts of the reported amount of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for the year to the amount of income tax expense that would result from applying domestic federal statutory tax rates to pretax income from continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32687-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfIncomeBeforeIncomeTaxDomesticAndForeignTableTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of income before income tax between domestic and foreign jurisdictions.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(h)(1)(i))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ScheduleOfIncomeBeforeIncomeTaxDomesticAndForeignTableTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SummaryOfValuationAllowanceTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of valuation allowances to reduce deferred tax assets to net realizable value, including identification of the deferred tax asset more likely than not will not be fully realized and the corresponding amount of the valuation allowance.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32537-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SummaryOfValuationAllowanceTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>46
<FILENAME>R32.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6652256736">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Stock-Based Compensation [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedPaymentAwardStockOptionsValuationAssumptionsTableTextBlock', window );">Summary of weighted average assumptions in BSM pricing model</a></td>
<td class="text"><div><table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Year ended July 31,</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">2017</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">2016</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Expected term</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">6.1 years</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">6.0 years</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td style="width: 1191px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Volatility</font></td><td style="width: 16px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="width: 142px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">81</font></td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">%</font></td><td style="width: 15px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="width: 141px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">113</font></td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">%</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Risk free interest rate</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px;
 padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">1.7</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">%</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">1.3</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">%</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Dividends</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8212;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8212;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Grant date fair value</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">2.41</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">3.71</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr></table><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0px; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"></p></div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock', window );">Summary of stock option activity</a></td>
<td class="text"><table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0pt 0px; text-align: right; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>Number of Options</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0pt 0px; text-align: right; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>(in thousands)</b></font></p></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Weighted-Average Exercise Price</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0pt 0px; text-align: right; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><br /><b>Aggregate</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0pt 0px; text-align: right; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>Intrinsic Value</b></font></p><p style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; margin: 0pt 0px; text-align: right; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>(in thousands)</b></font></p></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="width: 815px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Outstanding at July 31, 2016</font></td><td style="width: 16px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="width: 142px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">1,440</font></td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="width: 16px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td><td style="width: 142px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size:
 10pt;">0.93</font></td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="width: 15px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="width: 141px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="width: 15px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="width: 141px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Granted</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">279</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">3.80</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Exercised</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(281</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">)</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">0.39</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left:
 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Cancelled / forfeited</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8212;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8212;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Outstanding at July 31, 2017</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black;
 border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">1,438</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">1.59</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">8.22</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">1,212</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Exercisable at July 31, 2017</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">1,149</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">1.03</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px;
 padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">6.37</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">1,212</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr></table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure for stock option plans. Includes, but is not limited to, outstanding awards at beginning and end of year, grants, exercises, forfeitures, and weighted-average grant date fair value.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (e)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedPaymentAwardStockOptionsValuationAssumptionsTableTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the significant assumptions used during the year to estimate the fair value of stock options, including, but not limited to: (a) expected term of share options and similar instruments, (b) expected volatility of the entity's shares, (c) expected dividends, (d) risk-free rate(s), and (e) discount for post-vesting restrictions.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedPaymentAwardStockOptionsValuationAssumptionsTableTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>47
<FILENAME>R33.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6913733216">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Related Party Transactions (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsAbstract', window );"><strong>Related Party Transactions [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of change in Company's liability to IDT</a></td>
<td class="text"><div><table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1567px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Years ended July 31,&#160;<br />(in thousands)</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">2017</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">2016</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="width: 1191px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Balance at beginning of year</font></td><td style="width: 16px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td><td style="width: 142px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">299</font></td><td style="width: 16px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="width: 15px; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td><td style="width: 141px; text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">369</font></td><td style="width: 15px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Payments by IDT on behalf of the Company</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">937</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">2,122</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;"><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Cash repayments, net of advances</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left;
 text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(1,200</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">)</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(2,192</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">)</font></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;"><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Balance at end of year</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">36</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td><td style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">299</font></td><td style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-bottom-style: solid;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td></tr></table></div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsTableTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of related party transactions. Examples of related party transactions include, but are not limited to, transactions between (a) a parent company and its subsidiary; (b) subsidiaries of a common parent; (c) and entity and its principal owners and (d) affiliates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsTableTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>48
<FILENAME>R34.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6762306416">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Business Segment and Geographic Information (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingAbstract', window );"><strong>Business Segment and Geographic Information [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongLivedAssetsByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of net long-lived assets and total assets by geographic areas</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>&#160;</div>
<table style="font: 10pt/normal 'times new roman', times, serif; width: 1250.4px; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom;">
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(in thousands)</font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">United States</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: right;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: right;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Foreign</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: right;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: right;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Total</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom;">
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Long-lived assets, net:</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;" colspan="2"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;">
<td style="width: 788.8px; text-indent: 0px; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">July 31, 2017</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="width: 112.8px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">2,537</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12.8px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="width: 112.8px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">271</font></td>
<td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new
 roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="width: 112px; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">2,808</font></td>
<td style="width: 12px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;">
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-indent: 0px; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">July 31, 2016</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">1,719</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">247</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">1,966</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;">
<td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Total assets:</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white;">
<td style="text-indent: 0px; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">July 31, 2017</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times,
 serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">8,910</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">3,621</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</font></td>
<td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">12,531</font></td>
<td style="text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #cceeff;">
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-indent: 0px; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">July 31, 2016</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">8,576</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">3,857</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: right; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">12,433</font></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><font style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<div>&#160;</div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LongLivedAssetsByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of long-lived assets, excluding financial instruments, long-term customer relationships of a financial institution, mortgage rights, deferred policy acquisition costs, and deferred tax assets, by geographic areas located in the entity's country of domicile and foreign countries in which the entity holds assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 41<br> -Subparagraph b<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68060357&amp;loc=d3e9038-108599<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LongLivedAssetsByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SegmentReportingAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>49
<FILENAME>R35.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6771572960">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - shares<br> shares in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2016</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingDilutedDisclosureItemsAbstract', window );"><strong>Weighted-average number of shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to the Company's common stockholders consists of the following:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic', window );">Basic weighted-average number of shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">9,467<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,346<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberDilutedSharesOutstandingAdjustmentAbstract', window );"><strong>Effect of dilutive securities:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToCallOptionsAndWarrants', window );">Stock options</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">913<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends', window );">Non-vested restricted Class B common stock</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">20<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding', window );">Diluted weighted-average number of shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">9,467<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,279<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToCallOptionsAndWarrants">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Additional shares included in the calculation of diluted EPS as a result of the potentially dilutive effect of call options and warrants using the treasury stock method.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 23<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96947427&amp;loc=d3e1757-109256<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToCallOptionsAndWarrants</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of additional shares included in diluted EPS for potentially dilutive effect of nonvested equity-based payment award containing forfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents, whether paid or unpaid.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 68B<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96947427&amp;loc=SL5498026-109256<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28A<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96947427&amp;loc=d3e1500-109256<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberDilutedSharesOutstandingAdjustmentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberDilutedSharesOutstandingAdjustmentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The average number of shares or units issued and outstanding that are used in calculating diluted EPS or earnings per unit (EPU), determined based on the timing of issuance of shares or units in the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 16<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96947427&amp;loc=d3e1505-109256<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of [basic] shares or units, after adjustment for contingently issuable shares or units and other shares or units not deemed outstanding, determined by relating the portion of time within a reporting period that common shares or units have been outstanding to the total time in that period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96947427&amp;loc=d3e1448-109256<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingDilutedDisclosureItemsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingDilutedDisclosureItemsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>50
<FILENAME>R36.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6917908464">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details 1) - shares<br> shares in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2016</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems', window );"><strong>Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount', window );">Shares excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,491<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">355<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis=us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember', window );">Stock options [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems', window );"><strong>Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount', window );">Shares excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,438<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">355<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis=zdge_NonVestedRestrictedClassBCommonStockMember', window );">Non-vested restricted Class B common stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems', window );"><strong>Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount', window );">Shares excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share</a></td>
<td class="nump">53<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Securities (including those issuable pursuant to contingent stock agreements) that could potentially dilute basic earnings per share (EPS) or earnings per unit (EPU) in the future that were not included in the computation of diluted EPS or EPU because to do so would increase EPS or EPU amounts or decrease loss per share or unit amounts for the period presented.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis=us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis=us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis=zdge_NonVestedRestrictedClassBCommonStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis=zdge_NonVestedRestrictedClassBCommonStockMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>51
<FILENAME>R37.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6772173168">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details Textual)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Jul. 31, 2017 </div>
<div>Customer </div>
<div>Segments</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Jul. 31, 2016 </div>
<div>Customer</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_BasisOfPresentationTextualAbstract', window );"><strong>Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Textual)</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments', window );">Number of segments | Segments</a></td>
<td class="nump">1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherInformationPertainingToIncomeTaxes', window );">Description pertaining to income tax</a></td>
<td class="text">The tax position is measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Differences between tax positions taken in a tax return and amounts recognized in the financial statements will generally result in one or more of the following: an increase in a liability for income taxes payable, a reduction of an income tax refund receivable, a reduction in a deferred tax asset, or an increase in a deferred tax liability.<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_SoftwareAndSoftwareDevelopmentCostsMember', window );">Capitalized software and technology development costs [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_BasisOfPresentationTextualAbstract', window );"><strong>Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Textual)</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife', window );">Estimated useful lives of long-lived assets</a></td>
<td class="text">3 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOtherTypesMember', window );">Other property and equipment [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_BasisOfPresentationTextualAbstract', window );"><strong>Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Textual)</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentEstimatedUsefulLives', window );">Estimated useful lives of long-lived assets</a></td>
<td class="text">3, 5, 7, 10 or 20 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis=us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember', window );">Revenue [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_BasisOfPresentationTextualAbstract', window );"><strong>Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Textual)</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1', window );">Concentration risk, percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">90.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis=us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember', window );">Revenue [Member] | Customer one [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_BasisOfPresentationTextualAbstract', window );"><strong>Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Textual)</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1', window );">Concentration risk, percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">43.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">45.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_NumberOfCustomers', window );">Number of customers</a></td>
<td class="nump">3<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis=us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember', window );">Revenue [Member] | Customer two [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_BasisOfPresentationTextualAbstract', window );"><strong>Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Textual)</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1', window );">Concentration risk, percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">17.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">20.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_NumberOfCustomers', window );">Number of customers</a></td>
<td class="nump">3<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis=us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember', window );">Revenue [Member] | Customer three [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_BasisOfPresentationTextualAbstract', window );"><strong>Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Textual)</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1', window );">Concentration risk, percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">10.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_NumberOfCustomers', window );">Number of customers</a></td>
<td class="nump">3<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis=us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember', window );">Accounts receivable [Member] | Customer one [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_BasisOfPresentationTextualAbstract', window );"><strong>Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Textual)</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1', window );">Concentration risk, percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">47.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">62.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_NumberOfCustomers', window );">Number of customers</a></td>
<td class="nump">2<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis=us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember', window );">Accounts receivable [Member] | Customer two [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_BasisOfPresentationTextualAbstract', window );"><strong>Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Textual)</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1', window );">Concentration risk, percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">12.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_NumberOfCustomers', window );">Number of customers</a></td>
<td class="nump">2<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For an entity that discloses a concentration risk in relation to quantitative amount, which serves as the "benchmark" (or denominator) in the equation, this concept represents the concentration percentage derived from the division.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 275<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 18<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84177426&amp;loc=d3e6351-108592<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=77997519&amp;loc=d3e13531-108611<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 275<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84177426&amp;loc=d3e6404-108592<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 21<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=77997519&amp;loc=d3e13537-108611<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of segments reported by the entity. A reportable segment is a component of an entity for which there is an accounting requirement to report separate financial information on that component in the entity's financial statements.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:integerItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherInformationPertainingToIncomeTaxes">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Description of events or transactions pertaining to income taxes classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32705-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherInformationPertainingToIncomeTaxes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentEstimatedUsefulLives">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Describes the periods of time over which an entity anticipates to receive utility from its property, plant and equipment (that is, the periods of time over which an entity allocates the initial cost of its property, plant and equipment).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84158767&amp;loc=d3e18780-107790<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 35<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68071081&amp;loc=d3e1205-110223<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentEstimatedUsefulLives</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Useful life of long lived, physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days. Examples include, but not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, furniture and fixtures, and computer equipment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_zdge_BasisOfPresentationTextualAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Basis of Presentation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">zdge_BasisOfPresentationTextualAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>zdge_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_zdge_NumberOfCustomers">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of customers.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">zdge_NumberOfCustomers</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>zdge_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:integerItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_SoftwareAndSoftwareDevelopmentCostsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_SoftwareAndSoftwareDevelopmentCostsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOtherTypesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOtherTypesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis=us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis=us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProductOrServiceAxis=zdge_CustomerOneMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProductOrServiceAxis=zdge_CustomerOneMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProductOrServiceAxis=zdge_CustomerTwoMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProductOrServiceAxis=zdge_CustomerTwoMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProductOrServiceAxis=zdge_CustomerThreeMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProductOrServiceAxis=zdge_CustomerThreeMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis=us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis=us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>52
<FILENAME>R38.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6760451072">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Fair Value Measurements (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2016</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Assets:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyContractAssetFairValueDisclosure', window );">Foreign exchange forward contracts</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 137<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 21<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Liabilities:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyContractsLiabilityFairValueDisclosure', window );">Foreign exchange forward contracts</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">15<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis=us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember', window );">Fair Value Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Level 1 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Assets:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyContractAssetFairValueDisclosure', window );">Foreign exchange forward contracts</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Liabilities:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyContractsLiabilityFairValueDisclosure', window );">Foreign exchange forward contracts</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis=us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember', window );">Fair Value Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Level 2 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Assets:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyContractAssetFairValueDisclosure', window );">Foreign exchange forward contracts</a></td>
<td class="nump">137<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">21<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Liabilities:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyContractsLiabilityFairValueDisclosure', window );">Foreign exchange forward contracts</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">15<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis=us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember', window );">Fair Value Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Level 3 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Assets:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyContractAssetFairValueDisclosure', window );">Foreign exchange forward contracts</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Liabilities:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyContractsLiabilityFairValueDisclosure', window );">Foreign exchange forward contracts</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyContractAssetFairValueDisclosure">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fair value portion of asset contracts related to the exchange of different currencies, including, but not limited to, foreign currency options, forward contracts, and swaps.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyContractAssetFairValueDisclosure</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyContractsLiabilityFairValueDisclosure">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fair value portion of liability contracts related to the exchange of different currencies, including, but not limited to, foreign currency options, forward (delivery or nondelivery) contracts, and swaps entered into.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyContractsLiabilityFairValueDisclosure</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosureAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosureAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis=us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis=us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>53
<FILENAME>R39.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6759070928">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Derivative Instruments (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Jul. 31, 2017 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Jul. 31, 2017 </div>
<div>NOK</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis=zdge_AugustTwoZeroOneSevenMember', window );">August 2017 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DerivativeLineItems', window );"><strong>Derivative [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MaturityOfForeignCurrencyDerivatives1', window );">Settlement date</a></td>
<td class="text">Aug. 31,  2017<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Aug. 31,  2017<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_DerivativeUnderlyingAmount', window );">Amount</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">NOK 8,408,640<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis=zdge_SeptemberTwoZeroOneSevenMember', window );">September 2017 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DerivativeLineItems', window );"><strong>Derivative [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MaturityOfForeignCurrencyDerivatives1', window );">Settlement date</a></td>
<td class="text">Sep. 30,  2017<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Sep. 30,  2017<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_DerivativeUnderlyingAmount', window );">Amount</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">NOK 8,404,640<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DerivativeLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DerivativeLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_MaturityOfForeignCurrencyDerivatives1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Date the foreign currency exchange rate derivatives mature or expire, in CCYY-MM-DD format.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_MaturityOfForeignCurrencyDerivatives1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_zdge_DerivativeUnderlyingAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of underlying refers to the price on the security, commodity, index, or other variable specified by the contract.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">zdge_DerivativeUnderlyingAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>zdge_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis=zdge_AugustTwoZeroOneSevenMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis=zdge_AugustTwoZeroOneSevenMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis=zdge_SeptemberTwoZeroOneSevenMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis=zdge_SeptemberTwoZeroOneSevenMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>54
<FILENAME>R40.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6918503728">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Derivative Instruments (Details 1) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2016</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Derivatives not designated or not qualifying as hedging instruments</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyDerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentsAssetAtFairValue', window );">Assets Derivatives: Foreign exchange forward contracts</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 137<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 21<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyDerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentsLiabilityAtFairValue', window );">Liabilities Derivatives: Foreign exchange forward contracts</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 15<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyDerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentsAssetAtFairValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fair value as of the balance sheet date of all foreign currency derivative assets not designated as hedging instruments.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4B<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84234895&amp;loc=SL5624163-113959<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyDerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentsAssetAtFairValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyDerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentsLiabilityAtFairValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fair value as of the balance sheet date of all foreign currency derivative liabilities not designated as hedging instruments.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4B<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84234895&amp;loc=SL5624163-113959<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyDerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentsLiabilityAtFairValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>55
<FILENAME>R41.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6913081424">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Derivative Instruments (Details 2) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2016</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Derivatives not designated or not qualifying as hedging instruments</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnForeignCurrencyDerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstruments', window );">Foreign exchange forward contracts</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 105<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (142)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnForeignCurrencyDerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstruments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of gain (loss) recognized in earnings in the period from the increase (decrease) in fair value of foreign currency derivatives not designated as hedging instruments.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4C<br> -Subparagraph (e)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84234895&amp;loc=SL5624171-113959<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4A<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84234895&amp;loc=SL5618551-113959<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GainLossOnForeignCurrencyDerivativeInstrumentsNotDesignatedAsHedgingInstruments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>56
<FILENAME>R42.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6915128544">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2016</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract', window );"><strong>Property and Equipment [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CapitalizedComputerSoftwareGross', window );">Capitalized software and technology development costs</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 6,419<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,001<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOther', window );">Other</a></td>
<td class="nump">297<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">230<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross', window );">Property and equipment, gross</a></td>
<td class="nump">6,716<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,231<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment', window );">Less accumulated depreciation and amortization</a></td>
<td class="num">(4,038)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,388)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,678<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,843<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization for physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.14)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CapitalizedComputerSoftwareGross">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before accumulated amortization of capitalized costs for computer software, including but not limited to, acquired and internally developed computer software.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 985<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6501960&amp;loc=d3e128462-111756<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CapitalizedComputerSoftwareGross</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.13)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(13))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(14))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(8))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879938&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOther">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of other physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOther</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>57
<FILENAME>R43.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6762379120">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Property and Equipment (Details Textual) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2016</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_PropertyAndEquipmentTextualAbstract', window );"><strong>Property and Equipment (Textual)</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization', window );">Depreciation and amortization expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 643<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 605<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets', window );">Write-off of capitalized software and technology development costs</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 36<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 281<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The current period expense charged against earnings on long-lived, physical assets not used in production, and which are not intended for resale, to allocate or recognize the cost of such assets over their useful lives; or to record the reduction in book value of an intangible asset over the benefit period of such asset; or to reflect consumption during the period of an asset that is not used in production.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of gain (loss) on sale or disposal of property, plant and equipment assets, excluding oil and gas property and timber property.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 205<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=64827811&amp;loc=d3e1361-107760<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84176398&amp;loc=d3e2941-110230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_zdge_PropertyAndEquipmentTextualAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">zdge_PropertyAndEquipmentTextualAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>zdge_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>58
<FILENAME>R44.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6753771792">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Goodwill (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2016</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Goodwill [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Goodwill', window );">Beginning Balance</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,361<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,438<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss', window );">Foreign currency translation adjustments</a></td>
<td class="nump">157<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(77)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Goodwill', window );">Ending Balance</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,518<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,361<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Goodwill">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after accumulated impairment loss of an asset representing future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired in a business combination that are not individually identified and separately recognized.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=35741047&amp;loc=d3e13816-109267<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6388280&amp;loc=d3e13770-109266<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=77989000&amp;loc=SL49117168-202975<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Goodwill</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of foreign currency translation gain (loss) which increases (decreases) an asset representing future economic benefits from other assets acquired in a business combination that are not individually identified and separately recognized.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=35741047&amp;loc=d3e13816-109267<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>59
<FILENAME>R45.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6760783760">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Accrued Expenses (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2016</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract', window );"><strong>Accrued Expenses [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccruedVacationCurrent', window );">Accrued vacation</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 685<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 494<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccruedPayrollTaxesCurrent', window );">Accrued payroll taxes</a></td>
<td class="nump">277<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">210<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccruedBonusesCurrent', window );">Accrued payroll and bonuses</a></td>
<td class="nump">250<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">72<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_AccruedDirectCostCurrent', window );">Accrued direct cost of revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">6<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">111<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccruedAdvertisingCurrent', window );">Accrued advertising</a></td>
<td class="nump">184<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">242<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent', window );">Accrued income taxes</a></td>
<td class="nump">36<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">119<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent', window );">Accrued Professional fees</a></td>
<td class="nump">130<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">131<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Other</a></td>
<td class="nump">272<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">108<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Total accrued expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,840<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,487<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccruedAdvertisingCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred through that date and payable for advertising of the entity's goods and services. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82887183&amp;loc=d3e6911-107765<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82887183&amp;loc=d3e7054-107765<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82887183&amp;loc=d3e6935-107765<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.20)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccruedAdvertisingCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccruedBonusesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred and payable for incentive compensation awarded to employees and directors or earned by them based on the terms of one or more relevant arrangements. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82887183&amp;loc=d3e6911-107765<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.20)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82887183&amp;loc=d3e6935-107765<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccruedBonusesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying amount as of the balance sheet date of the unpaid sum of the known and estimated amounts payable to satisfy all currently due domestic and foreign income tax obligations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(15)(b)(1))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879938&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(20))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(15)(1))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6876686&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred and payable, pertaining to costs that are statutory in nature, are incurred on contractual obligations, or accumulate over time and for which invoices have not yet been received or will not be rendered. Examples include taxes, interest, rent and utilities. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.20)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccruedPayrollTaxesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred and payable for statutory payroll taxes incurred through that date and withheld from employees pertaining to services received from them, including entity's matching share of the employees FICA taxes and contributions to the state and federal unemployment insurance programs. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.20)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82887183&amp;loc=d3e6935-107765<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccruedPayrollTaxesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred through that date and payable for professional fees, such as for legal and accounting services received. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82887183&amp;loc=d3e6911-107765<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82887183&amp;loc=d3e6935-107765<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.20)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccruedVacationCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred and payable for unused vacation time owed to employees based on the entity's vacation benefit given to its employees. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 710<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6409733&amp;loc=d3e19396-108361<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82887183&amp;loc=d3e6911-107765<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.20)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccruedVacationCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expenses incurred but not yet paid classified as other, due within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82887183&amp;loc=d3e7018-107765<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82887183&amp;loc=d3e6911-107765<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82887183&amp;loc=d3e6935-107765<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.20)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_zdge_AccruedDirectCostCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Accrued direct cost current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">zdge_AccruedDirectCostCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>zdge_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>60
<FILENAME>R46.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6761035168">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Equity (Details) - Series B Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th">
<div>Jul. 31, 2016 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_MezzanineEquityAbstract', window );"><strong>MEZZANINE EQUITY:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_MezzanineEquityPreferredStock', window );">Beginning Balance | $</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 100<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_MezzanineEquityPreferredStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Beginning Balance, Shares | shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">947<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_ReclassificationsOfMezzanineEquity', window );">Reclassification of mezzanine equity | $</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (100)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_ReclassificationOfMezzanineEquityShares', window );">Reclassification of mezzanine equity, Shares | shares</a></td>
<td class="num">(947)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_MezzanineEquityPreferredStock', window );">Ending Balance | $</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_MezzanineEquityPreferredStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Ending Balance, Shares | shares</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_zdge_MezzanineEquityAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">zdge_MezzanineEquityAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>zdge_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_zdge_MezzanineEquityPreferredStock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Mezzanine equity preferred stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">zdge_MezzanineEquityPreferredStock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>zdge_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_zdge_MezzanineEquityPreferredStockSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Mezzanine equity preferred stock shares outstanding.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">zdge_MezzanineEquityPreferredStockSharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>zdge_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_zdge_ReclassificationOfMezzanineEquityShares">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Reclassification of mezzanine equity shares.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">zdge_ReclassificationOfMezzanineEquityShares</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>zdge_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_zdge_ReclassificationsOfMezzanineEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Reclassifications of mezzanine equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">zdge_ReclassificationsOfMezzanineEquity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>zdge_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_SeriesBPreferredStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_SeriesBPreferredStockMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>61
<FILENAME>R47.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6902010384">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Equity (Details Textual) - USD ($)<br> $ in Millions</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">1 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>May 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_EquityTextualAbstract', window );"><strong>Equity (Textual)</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockVotingRights', window );">Common stock, voting rights</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">The holders of Class A common stock are entitled to three votes per share and the holders of Class B common stock are entitled to one-tenth of a vote per share. Each share of Class A common stock may be converted into one share of Class B common stock, at any time, at the option of the holder.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Class B common stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_EquityTextualAbstract', window );"><strong>Equity (Textual)</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock', window );">Capital stock</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 3<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_SalesOfStockPercentageOfOwnershipSold', window );">Percentage of capital stock</a></td>
<td class="nump">10.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockVotingRights">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Description of voting rights of common stock. Includes eligibility to vote and votes per share owned. Include also, if any, unusual voting rights.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84159872&amp;loc=d3e21475-112644<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockVotingRights</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow from the additional capital contribution to the entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3255-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_zdge_EquityTextualAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">zdge_EquityTextualAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>zdge_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_zdge_SalesOfStockPercentageOfOwnershipSold">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sale of stock percentage of ownership sold.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">zdge_SalesOfStockPercentageOfOwnershipSold</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>zdge_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>62
<FILENAME>R48.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6772222080">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Commitments and Contingencies (Details)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Jul. 31, 2017 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractualObligationFiscalYearMaturityAbstract', window );"><strong>Year ended July 31,</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent', window );">2018</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 425<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears', window );">2019</a></td>
<td class="nump">202<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueThereafter', window );">Thereafter</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">627<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CollateralAxis=us-gaap_RealEstateMember', window );">Real estate leases [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractualObligationFiscalYearMaturityAbstract', window );"><strong>Year ended July 31,</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent', window );">2018</a></td>
<td class="nump">202<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears', window );">2019</a></td>
<td class="nump">102<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueThereafter', window );">Thereafter</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">304<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CollateralAxis=us-gaap_SoftwareServiceSupportAndMaintenanceArrangementMember', window );">Software as a Service ("SaaS") license [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractualObligationFiscalYearMaturityAbstract', window );"><strong>Year ended July 31,</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent', window );">2018</a></td>
<td class="nump">223<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears', window );">2019</a></td>
<td class="nump">100<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueThereafter', window );">Thereafter</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 323<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ContractualObligationFiscalYearMaturityAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ContractualObligationFiscalYearMaturityAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of required minimum rental payments for leases having an initial or remaining non-cancelable letter-terms in excess of one year.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -Subparagraph (Note 3)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82846649&amp;loc=d3e38371-112697<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=77902758&amp;loc=d3e41502-112717<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of required minimum rental payments for operating leases having an initial or remaining non-cancelable lease term in excess of one year due in the next fiscal year following the latest fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported on a rolling approach, from latest balance sheet date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -Subparagraph (Note 3)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82846649&amp;loc=d3e38371-112697<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=77902758&amp;loc=d3e41502-112717<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of required minimum rental payments for operating leases having an initial or remaining non-cancelable lease term in excess of one year due in the second fiscal year following the latest fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported on a rolling approach, from latest balance sheet date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -Subparagraph (Note 3)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82846649&amp;loc=d3e38371-112697<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=77902758&amp;loc=d3e41502-112717<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueThereafter">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of required minimum rental payments for operating leases having an initial or remaining non-cancelable lease term in excess of one year due after the fifth fiscal year following the latest fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported on a rolling approach, from latest balance sheet date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -Subparagraph (Note 3)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82846649&amp;loc=d3e38371-112697<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=77902758&amp;loc=d3e41502-112717<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueThereafter</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CollateralAxis=us-gaap_RealEstateMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CollateralAxis=us-gaap_RealEstateMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CollateralAxis=us-gaap_SoftwareServiceSupportAndMaintenanceArrangementMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CollateralAxis=us-gaap_SoftwareServiceSupportAndMaintenanceArrangementMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>63
<FILENAME>R49.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6772096560">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Commitments and Contingencies (Details Textual) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2014</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2016</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_CommitmentsAndContingenciesTextualAbstract', window );"><strong>Commitments and Contingencies (Textual)</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesRentExpenseNet', window );">Rental expense under operating leases</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 289,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 244,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LossContingencyAllegations', window );">Lawsuit, description</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Saregama India, Limited filed a lawsuit against the Company before the Barasat District Court, seeking approximately $1.6 million as damages and an injunction for copyright infringement.<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LossContingencyDamagesSoughtValue', window );">Lawsuit approximate amount</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,600,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LossContingencyAllegations">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Presents an assertion of a fact by a plaintiff in a pleading or complaint, which the plaintiff claims it will prove upon presentation of evidence at the proceeding.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 450<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82911808&amp;loc=d3e14557-108349<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 450<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82911808&amp;loc=d3e14435-108349<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 450<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82911808&amp;loc=d3e14326-108349<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LossContingencyAllegations</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LossContingencyDamagesSoughtValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The value (monetary amount) of the award the plaintiff seeks in the legal matter.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 450<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82911808&amp;loc=d3e14326-108349<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 450<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82911808&amp;loc=d3e14557-108349<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 450<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82911808&amp;loc=d3e14435-108349<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LossContingencyDamagesSoughtValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesRentExpenseNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Rental expense for the reporting period incurred under operating leases, including minimum and any contingent rent expense, net of related sublease income.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=77902758&amp;loc=d3e41499-112717<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeasesRentExpenseNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_zdge_CommitmentsAndContingenciesTextualAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commitments and contingencies.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">zdge_CommitmentsAndContingenciesTextualAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>zdge_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>64
<FILENAME>R50.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6654086368">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2016</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Income Taxes [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesDomestic', window );">Domestic</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (717)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 604<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesForeign', window );">Foreign</a></td>
<td class="nump">90<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">522<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments', window );">(Loss) income before income taxes</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (627)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,126<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesDomestic">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of earnings or loss from continuing operations before income taxes that is attributable to domestic operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(h)(1)(i))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesDomestic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesForeign">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of earnings or loss from continuing operations before income taxes that is attributable to foreign operations, which is defined as Income or Loss generated from operations located outside the entity's country of domicile.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(h)(1)(i))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesForeign</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of income (loss) from continuing operations before deduction of income tax expense (benefit) and income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest, and addition of income (loss) from equity method investments.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(h)(1)(i))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>65
<FILENAME>R51.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6771831504">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Income Taxes (Details 1) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2016</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsAbstract', window );"><strong>Current:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CurrentForeignTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">Foreign</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 12<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 169<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CurrentFederalTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">Federal</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CurrentStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">State</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">Total current expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">12<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">169<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsAbstract', window );"><strong>Deferred:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredForeignIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">Foreign</a></td>
<td class="num">(28)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(26)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredFederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">Federal</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">State</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">Total deferred expense</a></td>
<td class="num">(28)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(26)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">(Benefit from) Provision for income taxes</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (16)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 143<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CurrentFederalTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current federal tax expense (benefit) pertaining to income (loss) from continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.I.7)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=34349781&amp;loc=d3e330036-122817<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32639-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CurrentFederalTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CurrentForeignTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current foreign income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to income (loss) from continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(h))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32639-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CurrentForeignTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to taxable income (loss) from continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32639-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.I.7)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=34349781&amp;loc=d3e330036-122817<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CurrentStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current state and local tax expense (benefit) pertaining to income (loss) from continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32639-109319<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.I.7)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=34349781&amp;loc=d3e330036-122817<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CurrentStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredFederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of deferred federal income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to income (loss) from continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.I.7)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=34349781&amp;loc=d3e330036-122817<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32639-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredFederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredForeignIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of deferred foreign income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to income (loss) from continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.I.7)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=34349781&amp;loc=d3e330036-122817<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32639-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredForeignIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to income (loss) from continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32639-109319<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.I.7)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=34349781&amp;loc=d3e330036-122817<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of deferred state and local tax expense (benefit) pertaining to income (loss) from continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.I.7)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=34349781&amp;loc=d3e330036-122817<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32639-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (a),(b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32639-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(h))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>66
<FILENAME>R52.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6760966016">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Income Taxes (Details 2) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2016</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsIncomeTaxReconciliationAbstract', window );"><strong>Effective income tax rate reconciliation</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate', window );">U.S. federal income tax at statutory rate</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (213)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 383<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes', window );">State income tax</a></td>
<td class="num">(165)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">69<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance', window );">Valuation allowance</a></td>
<td class="nump">717<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(276)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential', window );">Foreign tax rate differential</a></td>
<td class="nump">16<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(34)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseMealsAndEntertainment', window );">Meals</a></td>
<td class="nump">5<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost', window );">Stock compensation and employment credits</a></td>
<td class="num">(381)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationOtherAdjustments', window );">Other</a></td>
<td class="nump">5<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">(Benefit from) Provision for income taxes</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (16)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 143<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (a),(b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32639-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(h))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsIncomeTaxReconciliationAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsIncomeTaxReconciliationAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to increase (decrease) in the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32687-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32698-109319<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84176650&amp;loc=d3e32123-109318<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to foreign income tax expense (benefit).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32687-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32698-109319<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(1))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of income tax expense or benefit for the period computed by applying the domestic federal statutory tax rates to pretax income from continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32687-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(2))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32698-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseMealsAndEntertainment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to nondeductible meals and entertainment expense.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32687-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32698-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseMealsAndEntertainment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to nondeductible equity-based compensation costs.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32687-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32698-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationOtherAdjustments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to other adjustments.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32687-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationOtherAdjustments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to state and local income tax expense (benefit).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32698-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32687-109319<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(2))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>67
<FILENAME>R53.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6916375072">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Income Taxes (Details 3) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2016</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAbstract', window );"><strong>Deferred tax assets:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards', window );">Net operating loss carryforwards</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 951<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 305<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccruals', window );">Reserves and accruals</a></td>
<td class="nump">377<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">352<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsShareBasedCompensationCost', window );">Stock-based compensation</a></td>
<td class="nump">76<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross', window );">Gross deferred tax assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,404<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">658<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance', window );">Less valuation allowance</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,232)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(515)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet', window );">Total deferred tax assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">172<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">143<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilities', window );">Total deferred tax liabilities</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet', window );">Deferred tax assets, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 172<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 143<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after allocation of valuation allowances and deferred tax liability, of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible differences and carryforwards, with jurisdictional netting.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32537-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences and carryforwards.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32537-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after allocation of valuation allowances and deferred tax liability, of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible differences and carryforwards, without jurisdictional netting.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32537-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible operating loss carryforwards.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96869850&amp;loc=d3e28680-109314<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32621-109319<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32632-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsShareBasedCompensationCost">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences from share-based compensation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32632-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96869850&amp;loc=d3e28680-109314<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32621-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsShareBasedCompensationCost</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccruals">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences from reserves and accruals.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32621-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32632-109319<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96869850&amp;loc=d3e28680-109314<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccruals</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of deferred tax assets for which it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32537-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after deferred tax asset, of deferred tax liability attributable to taxable differences without jurisdictional netting.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84176650&amp;loc=d3e31931-109318<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32537-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>68
<FILENAME>R54.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6753830560">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Income Taxes (Details 4) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2016</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceAbstract', window );"><strong>Change in the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesBalance', window );">Balance at beginning of year</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 515<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,305<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesChargedToCostAndExpense', window );">Additions charged to costs and expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">717<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesDeductions', window );">Deductions</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,790)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesBalance', window );">Balance at end of year</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,232<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 515<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesBalance">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total of allowances and reserves, the valuation and qualifying accounts that are either netted against the cost of an asset (in order to value it at its carrying value) or that reflect a liability established to represent expected future costs.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-09)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e24092-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesBalance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesChargedToCostAndExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase in the allowances and reserves, which consist of the valuation and qualifying accounts that are either netted against the cost of an asset or that reflect a liability established to represent expected future costs, from charges to costs and expenses.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-09)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e24092-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesChargedToCostAndExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesDeductions">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total of the deductions in a given period to allowances and reserves, the valuation and qualifying accounts that are either netted against the cost of an asset (in order to value it at its carrying value) or that reflect a liability established to represent expected future costs, representing receivables written off as uncollectible and portions of the reserves utilized, respectively.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-09)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e24092-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesDeductions</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>69
<FILENAME>R55.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6760918832">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Income Taxes (Details Textual) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2016</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_IncomeTaxesTextualAbstract', window );"><strong>Income Taxes (Textual)</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_UndistributedEarningsOfForeignSubsidiaries', window );">Undistributed foreign earnings included in accumulated deficit</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,800,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsInterestOnIncomeTaxesAccrued', window );">Accrued interest on income taxes</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationDate', window );">Federal and state net operating loss carryforwards expire date</a></td>
<td class="text">Jul. 31,  2036<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentAbstract', window );"><strong>Research and development credit</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent', window );">Other current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 427,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">107,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense', window );">Selling, general and administrative expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">8,468,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,755,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=zdge_FederalOperatingLossCarryforwardMember', window );">Federal operating loss carryforward [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_IncomeTaxesTextualAbstract', window );"><strong>Income Taxes (Textual)</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards', window );">Net operating loss ("NOL") carryforwards</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=zdge_StateOperatingLossCarryforwardMember', window );">State operating loss carryforward [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_IncomeTaxesTextualAbstract', window );"><strong>Income Taxes (Textual)</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards', window );">Net operating loss ("NOL") carryforwards</a></td>
<td class="nump">600,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis=zdge_NorwaySkattefunnMember', window );">Norway SkatteFUNN [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentAbstract', window );"><strong>Research and development credit</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent', window );">Other current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">260,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense', window );">Selling, general and administrative expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 289,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of operating loss carryforward, before tax effects, available to reduce future taxable income under enacted tax laws.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32559-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Expiration date of each operating loss carryforward included in operating loss carryforward, in CCYY-MM-DD format.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32559-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current assets classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.8)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate total costs related to selling a firm's product and services, as well as all other general and administrative expenses. Direct selling expenses (for example, credit, warranty, and advertising) are expenses that can be directly linked to the sale of specific products. Indirect selling expenses are expenses that cannot be directly linked to the sale of specific products, for example telephone expenses, Internet, and postal charges. General and administrative expenses include salaries of non-sales personnel, rent, utilities, communication, etc.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 225<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.4)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=63488584&amp;loc=d3e20235-122688<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 330<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 30<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68048583&amp;loc=d3e3636-108311<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_UndistributedEarningsOfForeignSubsidiaries">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries intended to be permanently reinvested outside the country of domicile.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 740<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6487024&amp;loc=d3e29054-158556<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 740<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6479915&amp;loc=d3e66715-112838<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 995<br> -SubTopic 740<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6503627&amp;loc=d3e59836-110443<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96869850&amp;loc=d3e28200-109314<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (b)(c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6424122&amp;loc=d3e41874-109331<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_UndistributedEarningsOfForeignSubsidiaries</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsInterestOnIncomeTaxesAccrued">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of interest expense accrued for an underpayment of income taxes.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32718-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsInterestOnIncomeTaxesAccrued</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_zdge_IncomeTaxesTextualAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">zdge_IncomeTaxesTextualAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>zdge_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=zdge_FederalOperatingLossCarryforwardMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=zdge_FederalOperatingLossCarryforwardMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=zdge_StateOperatingLossCarryforwardMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=zdge_StateOperatingLossCarryforwardMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis=zdge_NorwaySkattefunnMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis=zdge_NorwaySkattefunnMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>70
<FILENAME>R56.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6759239760">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Stock-Based Compensation (Details) - $ / shares<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2016</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Stock-Based Compensation [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1', window );">Expected term</a></td>
<td class="text">6 years 1 month 6 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">6 years<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate', window );">Volatility</a></td>
<td class="nump">81.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">113.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate', window );">Risk free interest rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">1.70%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1.30%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate', window );">Dividends</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue', window );">Grant date fair value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 2.41<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3.71<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The estimated dividend rate (a percentage of the share price) to be paid (expected dividends) to holders of the underlying shares over the option's term.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(2)(iii)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The estimated measure of the percentage by which a share price is expected to fluctuate during a period. Volatility also may be defined as a probability-weighted measure of the dispersion of returns about the mean. The volatility of a share price is the standard deviation of the continuously compounded rates of return on the share over a specified period. That is the same as the standard deviation of the differences in the natural logarithms of the stock prices plus dividends, if any, over the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(2)(ii)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The risk-free interest rate assumption that is used in valuing an option on its own shares.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(2)(iv)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The weighted average grant-date fair value of options granted during the reporting period as calculated by applying the disclosed option pricing methodology.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (d)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Expected term of share-based compensation awards, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(2)(i)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 14.D.2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27013229&amp;loc=d3e301413-122809<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>71
<FILENAME>R57.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6761104384">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Stock-Based Compensation (Details 1) - Employee Stock Option [Member]<br> $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th">
<div>Jul. 31, 2017 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>$ / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber', window );">Outstanding, Number of Options, Beginning | shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,440<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross', window );">Granted, Number of Options | shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">279<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised', window );">Exercised, Number of Options | shares</a></td>
<td class="num">(281)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod', window );">Cancelled / forfeited Number of Options | shares</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber', window );">Outstanding, Number of Options, Ending | shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,438<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber', window );">Exercisable, Number of Options | shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,149<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Outstanding, Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Beginning | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.93<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Granted, Weighted-Average Exercise Price | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">3.80<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Exercised, Weighted-Average Exercise Price | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.39<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Cancelled / forfeited, Weighted-Average Exercise Price | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Outstanding, Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Ending | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">1.59<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Exercisable, Weighted-Average Exercise Price | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.03<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2', window );">Outstanding, Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)</a></td>
<td class="text">8 years 2 months 19 days<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1', window );">Exercisable, Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)</a></td>
<td class="text">6 years 4 months 13 days<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue', window );">Outstanding, Aggregate Intrinsic Value | $</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,212<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1', window );">Exercisable, Aggregate Intrinsic Value | $</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,212<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of shares into which fully or partially vested stock options outstanding as of the balance sheet date can be currently converted under the option plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iii)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The weighted-average price as of the balance sheet date at which grantees can acquire the shares reserved for issuance on vested portions of options outstanding and currently exercisable under the stock option plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iii)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average price of options that were either forfeited or expired.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(3)-(4)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of shares under options that were cancelled during the reporting period as a result of occurrence of a terminating event specified in contractual agreements pertaining to the stock option plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(3)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Gross number of share options (or share units) granted during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount by which the current fair value of the underlying stock exceeds the exercise price of options outstanding.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of options outstanding, including both vested and non-vested options.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(i)-(ii)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average price at which grantees can acquire the shares reserved for issuance under the stock option plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(i)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average price at which option holders acquired shares when converting their stock options into shares.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average per share amount at which grantees can acquire shares of common stock by exercise of options.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of difference between fair value of the underlying shares reserved for issuance and exercise price of vested portions of options outstanding and currently exercisable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average remaining contractual term for vested portions of options outstanding and currently exercisable or convertible, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average remaining contractual term for option awards outstanding, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (e)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of share options (or share units) exercised during the current period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84159872&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>72
<FILENAME>R58.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6773140480">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Stock-Based Compensation (Details Textual) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">1 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Oct. 18, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 18, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2016</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract', window );"><strong>Stock-Based Compensation (Textual)</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised', window );">Proceeds from exercise of stock options</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 166,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 9,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue', window );">Granted fair value</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3.13<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber', window );">Non-vested shares of restricted stock</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,885<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Class B common stock and DSUs [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract', window );"><strong>Stock-Based Compensation (Textual)</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesIssued', window );">Shares issued</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">280,700<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross', window );">Restricted stock shares issued</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">17,349<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber', window );">Non-vested shares of restricted stock</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">359<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">53<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember', window );">Restricted Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract', window );"><strong>Stock-Based Compensation (Textual)</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber', window );">Non-vested shares of restricted stock</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">49,474<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember', window );">Restricted Stock [Member] | Class B common stock and DSUs [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract', window );"><strong>Stock-Based Compensation (Textual)</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross', window );">Restricted stock shares issued</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">111,842<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_StockIssuedDuringPeriodDeferredStockUnits', window );">Deferred stock units</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,767<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember', window );">Stock options [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract', window );"><strong>Stock-Based Compensation (Textual)</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationNumberOfYears', window );">Stock options exercisable upon vesting term</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">10 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationDate', window );">Expiration date</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">May 31,  2026<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumberExtendedExpiration', window );">Stock option expiration extension, number of shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">900,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPlanModificationIncrementalCompensationCost', window );">Stock-based compensation expense</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 123,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised', window );">Proceeds from exercise of stock options</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 109,790<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue', window );">Intrinsic value of options</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">800,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 100,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedStockOptions', window );">Unrecognized compensation cost, non-vested stock options</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 590,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonVestedStockOptionsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognitionOne', window );">Stock options weighted average period</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">1 year 3 months 19 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDescription', window );">Stock option vesting period, description</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Prior to the Spin-Off, historical grants generally vested ratably over a three to four-year period. Subsequent to the Spin-Off, grants generally vest over a three-year period.<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_CollectionOfReceivableFromStockholderForStockOptionExercise', window );">Collection of receivable from stockholder for stock option exercise.</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 56,840<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=zdge_TwoThousandSixteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember', window );">2016 Stock Option and Incentive Plan [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract', window );"><strong>Stock-Based Compensation (Textual)</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized', window );">Stock available for grant of awards</a></td>
<td class="nump">350,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=zdge_TwoThousandSixteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember', window );">2016 Stock Option and Incentive Plan [Member] | Class B common stock and DSUs [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract', window );"><strong>Stock-Based Compensation (Textual)</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized', window );">Share available for awards</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">691,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">487,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized', window );">Stock available for grant of awards</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">500,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedStockOptions">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Unrecognized cost of unvested options awarded to employees as compensation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedStockOptions</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow from exercise of stock options granted under share-based compensation arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3255-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2A<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=SL79508275-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDescription">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>General descriptive information regarding an arrangement under which employees and directors receive: (a) awards of equity shares, equity share options, or other equity instruments; or (b) the entity incurs liabilities to them: (1) in amounts based, at least in part, on the price of the entity's shares or other equity instruments; or (2) that require or may require settlement by issuance of the entity's shares. Such an arrangement is usually provided to employees and directors to compensate them, provide performance incentives to them, and to attract or retain their services. May also include pertinent information particular to a plan that is not elsewhere specified in the taxonomy.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5047-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDescription</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of non-vested equity-based payment instruments, excluding stock (or unit) options, that validly exist and are outstanding as of the balance sheet date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(i)-(ii)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Date the equity-based award expires, in CCYY-MM-DD format.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of additional shares authorized for issuance under an established share-based compensation plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The maximum number of shares (or other type of equity) originally approved (usually by shareholders and board of directors), net of any subsequent amendments and adjustments, for awards under the equity-based compensation plan. As stock or unit options and equity instruments other than options are awarded to participants, the shares or units remain authorized and become reserved for issuance under outstanding awards (not necessarily vested).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(3)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of accumulated difference between fair value of underlying shares on dates of exercise and exercise price on options exercised (or share units converted) into shares.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (d)(2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPlanModificationIncrementalCompensationCost">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>An excess of the fair value of the modified award over the fair value of the award immediately before the modification.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (h)(2)(iii)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPlanModificationIncrementalCompensationCost</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average grant-date fair value of options vested.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharesIssued">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares of stock issued as of the balance sheet date, including shares that had been issued and were previously outstanding but which are now held in the treasury.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84159872&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharesIssued</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total number of shares issued during the period, including shares forfeited, as a result of Restricted Stock Awards.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84159872&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_zdge_CollectionOfReceivableFromStockholderForStockOptionExercise">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Collection of receivable from stockholder for stock option exercise.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">zdge_CollectionOfReceivableFromStockholderForStockOptionExercise</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>zdge_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_zdge_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonVestedStockOptionsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognitionOne">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Employee service share based compensation non vested stock options total compensation cost not yet recognized period for recognition one.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">zdge_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonVestedStockOptionsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognitionOne</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>zdge_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_zdge_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationNumberOfYears">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Share based compensation arrangement by share based payment award options outstanding number extended expiration.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">zdge_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationNumberOfYears</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>zdge_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_zdge_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumberExtendedExpiration">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Definition :Share based compensation arrangement by share based payment award options outstanding number extended expiration.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">zdge_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumberExtendedExpiration</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>zdge_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_zdge_StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">zdge_StockBasedCompensationTextualAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>zdge_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_zdge_StockIssuedDuringPeriodDeferredStockUnits">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of shares issued during the period upon the conversion of units.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">zdge_StockIssuedDuringPeriodDeferredStockUnits</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>zdge_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=zdge_TwoThousandSixteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=zdge_TwoThousandSixteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis=us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis=us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>73
<FILENAME>R59.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6916263696">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Related Party Transactions (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2016</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsAbstract', window );"><strong>Related Party Transactions [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DueToRelatedPartiesCurrent', window );">Balance at beginning of year</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 299<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 369<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionSellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesFromTransactionsWithRelatedParty', window );">Payments by IDT on behalf of the Company</a></td>
<td class="nump">937<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,122<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RepaymentsOfRelatedPartyDebt', window );">Cash repayments, net of advances</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,200)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,192)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DueToRelatedPartiesCurrent', window );">Balance at end of year</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 36<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 299<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DueToRelatedPartiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying amount as of the balance sheet date of obligations due all related parties. For classified balance sheets, represents the current portion of such liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(k)(1))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 850<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6457730&amp;loc=d3e39549-107864<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19(a))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DueToRelatedPartiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionSellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesFromTransactionsWithRelatedParty">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of selling, general and administrative expenses resulting from transactions, excluding transactions that are eliminated in consolidated or combined financial statements, with related party.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionSellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesFromTransactionsWithRelatedParty</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RepaymentsOfRelatedPartyDebt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow for the payment of a long-term borrowing made from a related party where one party can exercise control or significant influence over another party; including affiliates, owners or officers and their immediate families, pension trusts, and so forth. Alternate caption: Payments for Advances from Affiliates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3291-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RepaymentsOfRelatedPartyDebt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>74
<FILENAME>R60.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6771294432">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Related Party Transactions (Details Textual) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2016</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=zdge_AppboyIncMember', window );">Appboy, Inc. [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_RelatedPartyTransactionsTextualAbstract', window );"><strong>Related Party Transactions (Textual)</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_RelatedPartyTransactionAggregatePaymentMadeToRelatedParty', window );">Related party payments</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 137,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 141,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_zdge_RelatedPartyTransactionAggregatePaymentMadeToRelatedParty">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Related Party Transaction Aggregate payment made to related party.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">zdge_RelatedPartyTransactionAggregatePaymentMadeToRelatedParty</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>zdge_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_zdge_RelatedPartyTransactionsTextualAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Related party transactions textual.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">zdge_RelatedPartyTransactionsTextualAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>zdge_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=zdge_AppboyIncMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=zdge_AppboyIncMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>75
<FILENAME>R61.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6918503968">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Business Segment and Geographic Information (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2016</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Business Segment Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NoncurrentAssets', window );">Long-lived assets, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,808<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,966<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Assets', window );">Total assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">12,531<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12,433<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_US', window );">United States [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Business Segment Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NoncurrentAssets', window );">Long-lived assets, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,537<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,719<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Assets', window );">Total assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">8,910<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,576<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementGeographicalAxis=zdge_ForeignMember', window );">Foreign [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Business Segment Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NoncurrentAssets', window );">Long-lived assets, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">271<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">247<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Assets', window );">Total assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,621<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,857<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Assets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all assets that are recognized. Assets are probable future economic benefits obtained or controlled by an entity as a result of past transactions or events.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(12))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879938&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(11))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6876686&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Assets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NoncurrentAssets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Long-lived assets other than financial instruments, long-term customer relationships of a financial institution, mortgage and other servicing rights, deferred policy acquisition costs, and deferred tax assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 41<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68060357&amp;loc=d3e9038-108599<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NoncurrentAssets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_US">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_US</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementGeographicalAxis=zdge_ForeignMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementGeographicalAxis=zdge_ForeignMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>76
<FILENAME>R62.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6761377472">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Revolving Credit Facility (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">1 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Sep. 27, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Nov. 16, 2016</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_RevolvingCreditFacilityTextualAbstract', window );"><strong>Revolving Credit Facility (Textual)</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity', window );">Loan and security agreement with Western Alliance Bank for revolving credit facility</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,500,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityBorrowingCapacityDescription', window );">Line of credit facility, borrowing capacity, description</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Advances under this facility may not exceed the lesser of $2.5 million or 80% of the Company's eligible accounts receivable, subject to certain concentration limits.<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateDescription', window );">Interest rate, description</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">The outstanding principal amount bears interest per annum at the greater of 3.5% or the prime rate plus 1.25%.<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityExpirationDate1', window );">Line of credit maturity date</a></td>
<td class="text">Sep. 27,  2018<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityCollateralFeesAmount', window );">Line of credit facility annual fee</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 12,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis=us-gaap_ForeignExchangeContractMember', window );">Foreign Exchange Agreement [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_RevolvingCreditFacilityTextualAbstract', window );"><strong>Revolving Credit Facility (Textual)</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity', window );">Loan and security agreement with Western Alliance Bank for revolving credit facility</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,000,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityBorrowingCapacityDescription', window );">Line of credit facility, borrowing capacity, description</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">The revolving credit facility is reduced by an applicable foreign exchange reserve percentage as determined by Western Alliance Bank, in its reasonable discretion from time to time, which was initially set at 10% of the nominal amount of the foreign exchange contracts in effect at the relevant time.<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsDescription', window );">Foreign exchange, description</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">In December 2016, the applicable foreign exchange reserve percentage was changed so that the reduction of available borrowing for major currency forward contracts of less than six months tenor is set at 10% of the nominal amount of the foreign exchange contracts, and for contracts over six months tenor, 12.5% of the nominal amount of the foreign exchange contracts.<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacityDerivativeUnderlyingAmountAggregateForeignExchangeContracts', window );">Outstanding foreign exchange contracts amount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacityReductionAmountForForeignExchangeContracts', window );">Available borrowing reduction</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 200,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsDescription">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Description of transaction giving rise to foreign currency transaction gain (loss), including but not limited to, nature of the transaction, the foreign currency involved, the accounting for the transaction.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsDescription</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityBorrowingCapacityDescription">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Description of the credit facility's borrowing capacity including discussion of how the borrowing capacity is determined (for example, borrowing capacity based on the amount of current assets).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(13))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6876686&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(22))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(16))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6876686&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(19)(b))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(16))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879938&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84159872&amp;loc=d3e21475-112644<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityBorrowingCapacityDescription</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityCollateralFeesAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of the fees associated with providing collateral for the credit facility.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityCollateralFeesAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityExpirationDate1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Date the credit facility terminates, in CCYY-MM-DD format.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19(b),22(b))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityExpirationDate1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateDescription">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Description of the interest rate for the amounts borrowed under the credit facility, including the terms and the method for determining the interest rate (for example, fixed or variable, LIBOR plus a percentage, increasing rate, timing of interest rate resets, remarketing provisions).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19(b),22(b))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateDescription</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Maximum borrowing capacity under the credit facility without consideration of any current restrictions on the amount that could be borrowed or the amounts currently outstanding under the facility.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19(b),22(b))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_zdge_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacityDerivativeUnderlyingAmountAggregateForeignExchangeContracts">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Thw amount of line of credit facility maximum borrowing capacity derivative underlying amount aggregate foreign exchange contracts.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">zdge_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacityDerivativeUnderlyingAmountAggregateForeignExchangeContracts</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>zdge_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_zdge_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacityReductionAmountForForeignExchangeContracts">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of maximum borrowing capacity reduction amount for foreign exchange contracts.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">zdge_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacityReductionAmountForForeignExchangeContracts</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>zdge_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_zdge_RevolvingCreditFacilityTextualAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">zdge_RevolvingCreditFacilityTextualAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>zdge_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis=us-gaap_ForeignExchangeContractMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis=us-gaap_ForeignExchangeContractMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>77
<FILENAME>R63.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6916322224">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Defined Contribution Plan (Details)<br> shares in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th">
<div>Jul. 31, 2017 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanDisclosureLineItems', window );"><strong>Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized', window );">Contribution plan cost | $</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 19,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Class B common stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanDisclosureLineItems', window );"><strong>Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesEmployeeBenefitPlan', window );">Contributed plan, shares issued | shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">5<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cost for defined contribution plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 70<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=49170846&amp;loc=d3e28014-114942<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanDisclosureLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanDisclosureLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesEmployeeBenefitPlan">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares issued during the period to an employee benefit plan, such as a defined contribution or defined benefit plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesEmployeeBenefitPlan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>78
<FILENAME>R64.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6760390672">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Subsequent Event-Freeform Development, Inc. (Details) - Subsequent Event [Member]<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">1 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th">
<div>Sep. 30, 2017 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th></tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis=us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember', window );">Class B common stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_SubsequentEventTextualAbstract', window );"><strong>Subsequent Event-Freeform Development, Inc. (Textual)</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredShares', window );">Consideration paid, shares | shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">319,632<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredOtherFairValue', window );">Fair market value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 611,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis=us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember', window );">Class B common stock [Member] | Employees [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_SubsequentEventTextualAbstract', window );"><strong>Subsequent Event-Freeform Development, Inc. (Textual)</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredShares', window );">Consideration paid, shares | shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">192,953<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis=us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember', window );">Freeform Development, Inc. [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_SubsequentEventTextualAbstract', window );"><strong>Subsequent Event-Freeform Development, Inc. (Textual)</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaidForOperatingLiabilities', window );">Operating liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 125,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaidForConvertibleNotes', window );">Convertible promissory notes</a></td>
<td class="nump">97,567<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaid', window );">Consisting of cash</a></td>
<td class="nump">223,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1', window );">Consideration paid, value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 833,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis=us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember', window );">Freeform Development, Inc. [Member] | Class B common stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_SubsequentEventTextualAbstract', window );"><strong>Subsequent Event-Freeform Development, Inc. (Textual)</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntitySharesIssuedForConvertibleNotes', window );">Convertible promissory notes, shares | shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">126,679<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of consideration transferred, consisting of acquisition-date fair value of assets transferred by the acquirer, liabilities incurred by the acquirer, and equity interest issued by the acquirer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 30<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6911251&amp;loc=d3e6578-128477<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=35744584&amp;loc=d3e6927-128479<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 30<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6911251&amp;loc=d3e6613-128477<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaid">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Business acquisition cost of acquired entity cash paid.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaid</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>zdge_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaidForConvertibleNotes">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Business acquisition cost of acquired entity cash paid for convertible notes.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaidForConvertibleNotes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>zdge_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaidForOperatingLiabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Business acquisition cost of acquired entity cash paid for operating liabilities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntityCashPaidForOperatingLiabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>zdge_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntitySharesIssuedForConvertibleNotes">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Business acquisition cost of acquired entity shares issued for convertible notes.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">zdge_BusinessAcquisitionCostOfAcquiredEntitySharesIssuedForConvertibleNotes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>zdge_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredOtherFairValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Business combination consideration transferred other fair value.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredOtherFairValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>zdge_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredShares">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Business combination consideration transferred shares.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">zdge_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredShares</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>zdge_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_zdge_SubsequentEventTextualAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">zdge_SubsequentEventTextualAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>zdge_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis=us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis=us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualAxis=zdge_EmployeesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualAxis=zdge_EmployeesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=zdge_FreeformDevelopmentIncMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=zdge_FreeformDevelopmentIncMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EXCEL
<SEQUENCE>79
<FILENAME>Financial_Report.xlsx
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
begin 644 Financial_Report.xlsx
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MMWF\81AU8\K(XK%T-8943OTJDH\ Q:X831F:3LTXXFBD(3^ G/,6+V2?$9/
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M?_A=A'UOW<[]8^.SH&[@UUWH+U!+ P04    " !O@EY+F5R<(Q &  "<)P
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M(Y,A?;F?N27QK/\$)<%Z6C*W*Q&%W5&PL5AY;D;!ZU)076HL*4%5^$%G>+7
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MB@%()ER4I8Y4(M%))*22R@%B,4#,4DGH>$Z2<&$R#C5)1-"H2/:1B#X2WJ5
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M,TLE%&@K4!,#=4[OMH=C&N)CP \!@UV<2:CDC/@:C"]53C=!$$@H76#@?KO
M/4@9B+R,MXF3SBD#<'G^9'^,M?M:SMS"/<J?HG)M3F\IJ:#FO73/.#S!5,\U
M)5/Q7^$"TH<')3Y'B=+&E92]=:@F%B]%\?=Q%SKNPWBS2R?8.B"9 ,D,N(UY
MV)@H*G_@CA>9P8&8L?<=#T^\/22^-V5PQE;$.R_>>N^EV*;7&;L$HBGF.,8D
MRY@Y@GGV.46REN*8_ -/UN&[586["-__H7"_3I"N$J218/??$M=B;OY*PA8]
M56":.$V6E-CK.,D+[SRP=TE\D]_AX[1_XZ81VI(S.O^RL?\UH@,O97/E1ZCU
M'VPV)-0N'&_\V8QC-AH.N^D'L?D;%Q]02P,$%     @ ;X)>2Z3"!NBV 0
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MG_S9C$,V&@Z[Z?^P^1/G?P!02P,$%     @ ;X)>2^7 VF:T 0  T@,  !D
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MR\;^U\9X0"F;*QRA%C_8;$BH?3C>X-F.8S8:WG33#V+S-R[> %!+ P04
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MO 0":NNW7]Q>3V]Y"JSJYS$ERW]%\0=02P,$%     @ ;X)>2T7K(BZS 0
MT@,  !D   !X;"]W;W)K<VAE971S+W-H965T,C0N>&UL;5-M;YLP$/XKEG]
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M;#R^;.Q_98P'3&5SA2/4X >;#065#\=O>+;CF(V&-]WT@]C\C?-W4$L#!!0
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MG7_9V/\*T8%/97/G1ZCQ'VPV%%0N'(_^;,8Q&PV'W?2#V/R-\S]02P,$%
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M'E\V]K\RQ@.FDMS@"#7XP69#0>7#$0>"V'',1L.;;OI!;/[&^1]02P,$%
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ML+]/H,R0T2U]=SS+NO'!P?*T$S5\!_^C.UNTV*Q22@VMDZ8E%JJ,/FR/IWW
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MTG,QWKXQ4+R;'A8TOV[I/U!+ P04    " !O@EY+5JKD>0T"  !X!0  &0
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M1 WG"K1F^*!%6_T.S0&%1IGMH]Z+Z=\X!8H/[J'!\VM7_@=02P,$%     @
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MPEDA.9F)ZM1SI[_);+GLO<8H="+KJHQ:S;;1N#W-76%)]VX(%QIBZT["W>$
MNZD"(7@$!":!=+P_2,*%#3S0P-,&J&\0A*-9:#1+K2F;61CG 4C\$.98@!R+
M*4>(1AQ3C1>,.&8E PP?Q/ !#&^$,=5,,&8E XPEB+$$,!8CC$;CS:T*('FT
M*@'($0#;RX<-0M @?&)[A1/*%W<\H9#F 8ACPW]W^XD=!H@F:SNO&:(\.'F<
M)W89()JBS&J&*. )M7%< &4Y1G&?6"%0]&B)X,/,00!,,(9!DZ/FQ?'',%.1
MXXT/5JM7*0K"SKJH<B.AEU*H,[G7VQ7NC:LJS:A_JPJZKD!WF^8V\!.S<U9R
MXT"%K&.ZVIPH%40RVJ_RK$KE!:1KY.0DU.M2OK.F"C<-0:OVAF%UUYSX/U!+
M P04    " !O@EY+98_XW74"   D"   &0   'AL+W=O<FMS:&5E=',O<VAE
M970U,BYX;6R%EMV.FS 0A5\%<9\%8\)/E$1:4E6MU$JKK;:]=A(GH 5,;2=L
MW[ZV(2QK3]J;8)LS9[XQ,,ZZ9_Q5E)1*[ZVI6['Q2RF[51"(0TD;(AY81UMU
MY\1X0Z2:\G,@.D[)T00U=1"%81(TI&K][=JL/?'MFEUD7;7TB7OBTC2$_REH
MS?J-C_S;PG-U+J5>"+;KCISI#RI?NB>N9L'D<JP:VHJ*M1ZGIXW_B%8[9 *,
MXF=%>S$;>[J4/6.O>O+UN/%#341K>I#:@JC+E>YH76LGQ?%[-/6GG#IP/KZY
M?S;%JV+V1- =JW]51UEN_,SWCO1$+K5\9OT7.A:T]+VQ^F_T2FLEUR0JQX'5
MPOQZAXN0K!E=%$I#WH9KU9IK/]Q9WL+@@&@,B*8 E/PS (\!^#T@-L4/9*;4
M3T22[9JSWN/#T^J(?BG0"JO-/.A%LW?FGJI6J-7K%N?Y.KAJHU%3#)IHID&3
M(E#N4XH(2E%$3GCT,<'.56 ,9\!@$=C$)[/X. QA@Q@TB(T!_F" K%T8-*G1
MM$:SB!"V*G%%.+M3RA(D60(DUG85@R:>DZ!D:9&XHB2'01(0) % K&J+Q,F1
MHM3B<#6+*$U@DA0D20&2V"))G2PHL4!<R0+',$<&<F0 A[7K1>8DL9^+J[@#
MD8,0.0!A55KD0*69]3KO *,,!D$AW#E"QP'CS&X=X7\W!) L[GPRZ$X/0RY)
M[I @]_MUWA% A&(;)ICUUH;RLSF&A'=@EU;J+C9;G8ZZQTCW9FN]T$>@Z=GO
M-L/Y^9WP<]4*;\^DZORF/Y\8DU0QA@_JRR[5D3U-:GJ2>IBJ,1_.K6$B63>>
MR<'TQV#[%U!+ P04    " !O@EY+VP6'2$D"  "3!P  &0   'AL+W=O<FMS
M:&5E=',O<VAE970U,RYX;6Q]E=N.FS 0AE\%<=\U9TA$D!JJJI5::;75MM=.
MX@2T!E/;"=NWKVT(2NS)WL0'_IGY9F*/RY'Q-]$0(KWWCO9BXS=2#FN$Q+XA
M'19/;""]^G)DO,-2+?D)B8$3?#!&'451$&2HPVWO5Z79>^95R<Z2MCUYYIXX
M=QWF_[:$LG'CA_YUXZ4]-5)OH*H<\(G\(O)U>.9JA18OA[8CO6A9[W%RW/B?
MPW4=!MK *'ZW9!0W<T^GLF/L32^^'S9^H(D()7NI76 U7$A-*-6>%,??V:F_
MQ-2&M_.K]Z\F>97,#@M2,_JG/<AFXQ>^=R!'?*;RA8W?R)Q0ZGMS]C_(A5 E
MUR0JQIY187Z]_5E(ULU>%$J'WZ>Q[<TX3E_2JQEL$,T&T6(0)A\:Q+-!;!F@
MB<RD^@5+7)6<C1Z?_JT!ZT,1KF-5S+W>-+4SWU2V0NU>JB3(2W31CF;-=M)$
M-YKH7E&[BCA>)$@!+!012!$9^^R.HH =Q*"#V#B([QRLK#0F36XTO=&LTM!*
MQ-7$00J#)"!(XH*$@04R:9+;(+E5\QK0I!$,DH(@J0,2!ID%DCI!<DM2NY(0
MILA B@PHAU7S;>:&2(+$XG!%6?K@A.0@20Z06,=XFSM!/H51;!]V0)6&#PY)
M ;(4 $MLL11N57*;!- D#^[="@19 2!6Y;> IK X/I3<8:B.#W:A  !)[384
M.)?3+0DD<FJ";KJC?JY^8GYJ>^'MF%2-UK3#(V.2*(?!D[H!C7HAEP4E1ZFG
MN9KSZ9F8%I(-\Q.(EG>X^@]02P,$%     @ ;X)>2R H41\D @  _P4  !D
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MO3/G"K3$Z$%?6ZV[\;B@<%9FFNNY<#W)+13OAG:+QIY?_@-02P,$%     @
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M]T/_S?#<7&IE#$&>]?0"WT']Z(]"KX*9I6I:Z&3#.T_ >>\_A;LB-7@+^-G
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MS:E\8DQ2%4RX4'^7B[IWC8.:GJ1^S=0[[R\?_4"R;KA8!>/M;OT74$L#!!0
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M _EGAOQ7S)8_B]U3A6'Y,R#_S+&Y,BQK%G\B82Q7!N2:&7)=,UNN248LN6X
M3L]^=V&P7!F0J]F#-;,WZQBM#,'D([(2S;'_HF^]G;S4JN.8C-Y.#9YI]Q%J
MC*_(;$W ^(;,ML.9P&_WPQ'%/WES+.K6>Y5*?_KV'Z@'*970X8=/NG,GD>]O
M#Z4XJ.XVU??-<#0P/"AY'H\]@MO9R_(74$L#!!0    ( &^"7DN;/(M'(P(
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ME!5B1*!ZL415!"F+!DP3$M^S)#(YZ+>F6*UF+#IYJ"8$/>%GR>Y 3R/<5:1
M(<&IA7#DM(%DS!Y[GF!;&1P2J2,54&=1L(@L:-&Q*EX7BSO8$5FB\AY41^$
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M$0*P<"CJFSQW*&IWC8;#$:F .M!H.-IC7U@749YEQ\,3-PT_@=/A&:AZBY4
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M_AD^T\=G7KB,\1BW\HM3B.Q%>)8-^\<$VNF?#;++C.S9NO. V8.@_: >8Q3
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MZ#_:-,+6NKV1B6GF"_L_S +[V1^UYE''TB296]OQ)(.<&Z."IKY4L_(\V'W
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MSI5K&HBLPC1%B?*=R?9U23]A94%*@-4LDYB66 0XE+]%T"S"4I'113;$VL;
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MN2_B;&V7O1@>'SED)%WT&UX7GA2(;1/4R9J^KDLLYXK2I!.6H0>&JO*1$;Z
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MUG+,!0(,R<:3QLOO0'ALX="3>E:>/+Z]!31Q3*_>8/HL,+4 */66*,X+]B\
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M_/M:U?Z:C7%FD>N1L&?&?V#OLJ %YX.\]L=5;C+_[9FX4KDJ4RWF7=L0P!
MA@<#%$<S12 C !E](.2\A6@O<*):BNNJ6!-("2#EP2#G=942R!A QH=K2>56
M!#(!D DOY%2[U)IU6]Z"737.E-JYKJ//FX) '@/(8U[(6V6L^*GR1HMO6KG&
M]BU)X$X W EW"UJS4>WH[(=$5]OF+=LI8#OE99M9?[7U@W4W;O]JS+J]@ [7
M$S1>3WCIOE95]F3RG/) ?S +Y$N:VL;WU9MG7XG3]!X&2!L!LS?:&U?_IC3(
M#P&[((K"U/U0UCY6?IBK3?F@R]3L-AGR0\ LB+LRK0HM[M7S+A/20<#L@]9,
MCY^OE--9IU+_C+U+3\@$ ;,*?K2%GFVFVA'CWBK/EW9G44*D@8#9 Z]VFNN'
MUSCZ55</5JU7AFH_0$((F(WP0V^J?./[A+BV.C.UN%6IR=]T862%@%D+4[WT
M[=AW76L636?_F<^C-"<C,X3,9I@W"Z=_->TMOMGXOY]OK=9M36*J-YH*(T3"
M")F% <-3&%),..U@]@?&C"@F$DO(+)8]*4\<^5EOOC.,AT@M(;-:AO/>EO(3
MQ42V"9EM,QS]!C&1=$)FZ6PSX" 8<DW([)JW87 0$%DF9+9,GPH'L9!;0F:W
MP'@HCN@B!S),Q&P8&A"'VC!"7HF8O;(O*;Z 4DSDE8C9*_L#8P=*,>&"%K-7
M8&J,),5$7HG8O0(L'<44$WDE8O8*QDPH)O)*=,AUK>B88B++1(=9V1)'4UTK
M0X-NA%P3'62-:TM)HUF$W!.QSVL IIS0M6OD'LGL'HP94$QD(<ELH7T)\OU-
ME\A"DME"$%/2V8U$%I+,%OH;=%_:CZ8-"?=2F,7S/ND.$2+G2&;G;*/N$!>2
MC&26S!LN<:^?ZT;E.WS(+I+9+C"+RQ.*B>PBF>V",4\I)K*+9+;+[I1AX%F,
MD53B#YW0;)_(8(</V21FMLDP7[C#AS02,VMDF"_:X4/^B)G],<PG=_B01>(/
MW'&!(V(,M^0/M ?S0DPQD5AB9K% S)C.7F+DEYC9+QB3^B5&?HG9]V/VKU-X
M4(J)_!(S^P5B)G3VDB#1),RB@<LI"9V]),@W";-O]F["]5V=8B+M).Q[,WNV
MXMYC(OLDS/:!&W()74-+D(223D+C[F1W>9[U__QW_Q7.EZ<J3V=6M"_];RYD
MW&Z3+IL\O_9E_Y7_5JHM[^K8_CKR\@]02P,$%     @ <()>2[?0P@\H @
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MG,_&OW\MW@!02P$"% ,4    " !O@EY+'R// \     3 @  "P
M    @ $     7W)E;',O+G)E;'-02P$"% ,4    " !O@EY+9O,+8((   "Q
M    $               @ 'I    9&]C4')O<',O87!P+GAM;%!+ 0(4 Q0
M   ( &^"7DO!;^M;[@   "L"   1              "  9D!  !D;V-0<F]P
M<R]C;W)E+GAM;%!+ 0(4 Q0    ( &^"7DN97)PC$ 8  )PG   3
M      "  ;8"  !X;"]T:&5M92]T:&5M93$N>&UL4$L! A0#%     @ ;X)>
M2_]=/Q^[ @  K0H  !@              ( !]P@  'AL+W=O<FMS:&5E=',O
M<VAE970Q+GAM;%!+ 0(4 Q0    ( &^"7DNYNI\;X0,    3   8
M      "  >@+  !X;"]W;W)K<VAE971S+W-H965T,BYX;6Q02P$"% ,4
M" !O@EY+# LIUHH"   ("@  &               @ '_#P  >&PO=V]R:W-H
M965T<R]S:&5E=#,N>&UL4$L! A0#%     @ ;X)>2W,>S_9G P  MPX  !@
M             ( !OQ(  'AL+W=O<FMS:&5E=',O<VAE970T+GAM;%!+ 0(4
M Q0    ( &^"7DL4SC E: 0  .H7   8              "  5P6  !X;"]W
M;W)K<VAE971S+W-H965T-2YX;6Q02P$"% ,4    " !O@EY+QA-ZS^H#  !M
M$@  &               @ 'Z&@  >&PO=V]R:W-H965T<R]S:&5E=#8N>&UL
M4$L! A0#%     @ ;X)>2\'EZU^P 0  T@,  !@              ( !&A\
M 'AL+W=O<FMS:&5E=',O<VAE970W+GAM;%!+ 0(4 Q0    ( &^"7DLL_.<J
MM $  -(#   8              "  0 A  !X;"]W;W)K<VAE971S+W-H965T
M."YX;6Q02P$"% ,4    " !O@EY+SY!'>;0!  #2 P  &
M@ 'J(@  >&PO=V]R:W-H965T<R]S:&5E=#DN>&UL4$L! A0#%     @ ;X)>
M2Z3"!NBV 0  T@,  !D              ( !U"0  'AL+W=O<FMS:&5E=',O
M<VAE970Q,"YX;6Q02P$"% ,4    " !O@EY+/.3$(K0!  #0 P  &0
M        @ '!)@  >&PO=V]R:W-H965T<R]S:&5E=#$Q+GAM;%!+ 0(4 Q0
M   ( &^"7DOEP-IFM $  -(#   9              "  :PH  !X;"]W;W)K
M<VAE971S+W-H965T,3(N>&UL4$L! A0#%     @ ;X)>2Y")]W>S 0  T@,
M !D              ( !ERH  'AL+W=O<FMS:&5E=',O<VAE970Q,RYX;6Q0
M2P$"% ,4    " !O@EY+-4(U3K4!  #2 P  &0              @ &!+
M>&PO=V]R:W-H965T<R]S:&5E=#$T+GAM;%!+ 0(4 Q0    ( &^"7DO:2P'B
MLP$  -(#   9              "  6TN  !X;"]W;W)K<VAE971S+W-H965T
M,34N>&UL4$L! A0#%     @ ;X)>2_I7K!:U 0  T@,  !D
M ( !5S   'AL+W=O<FMS:&5E=',O<VAE970Q-BYX;6Q02P$"% ,4    " !O
M@EY+ZS^&:K8!  #2 P  &0              @ %#,@  >&PO=V]R:W-H965T
M<R]S:&5E=#$W+GAM;%!+ 0(4 Q0    ( &^"7DL'&!F'M0$  -(#   9
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M970R,BYX;6Q02P$"% ,4    " !O@EY+5UN4%L$!   W!   &0
M    @ '//@  >&PO=V]R:W-H965T<R]S:&5E=#(S+GAM;%!+ 0(4 Q0    (
M &^"7DM%ZR(NLP$  -(#   9              "  <=   !X;"]W;W)K<VAE
M971S+W-H965T,C0N>&UL4$L! A0#%     @ ;X)>2T^]F/K/ 0  G 0  !D
M             ( !L4(  'AL+W=O<FMS:&5E=',O<VAE970R-2YX;6Q02P$"
M% ,4    " !O@EY+)'\7.K@!  #2 P  &0              @ &W1   >&PO
M=V]R:W-H965T<R]S:&5E=#(V+GAM;%!+ 0(4 Q0    ( &^"7DO74M)FN $
M -(#   9              "  :9&  !X;"]W;W)K<VAE971S+W-H965T,C<N
M>&UL4$L! A0#%     @ ;X)>2[?,T=FV 0  T@,  !D              ( !
ME4@  'AL+W=O<FMS:&5E=',O<VAE970R."YX;6Q02P$"% ,4    " !O@EY+
MYGOO,K<!  #2 P  &0              @ &"2@  >&PO=V]R:W-H965T<R]S
M:&5E=#(Y+GAM;%!+ 0(4 Q0    ( &^"7DO9\,ZAN $  -(#   9
M      "  7!,  !X;"]W;W)K<VAE971S+W-H965T,S N>&UL4$L! A0#%
M  @ ;X)>2REU%+GJ 0  9@4  !D              ( !7TX  'AL+W=O<FMS
M:&5E=',O<VAE970S,2YX;6Q02P$"% ,4    " !O@EY+\":<A\0!   W!
M&0              @ & 4   >&PO=V]R:W-H965T<R]S:&5E=#,R+GAM;%!+
M 0(4 Q0    ( &^"7DL,?"=9N $  -(#   9              "  7M2  !X
M;"]W;W)K<VAE971S+W-H965T,S,N>&UL4$L! A0#%     @ ;X)>2R/6LV:W
M 0  T@,  !D              ( !:E0  'AL+W=O<FMS:&5E=',O<VAE970S
M-"YX;6Q02P$"% ,4    " !O@EY+(#<$02("   _!@  &0
M@ %85@  >&PO=V]R:W-H965T<R]S:&5E=#,U+GAM;%!+ 0(4 Q0    ( &^"
M7DO3OLR2)@(  'T&   9              "  ;%8  !X;"]W;W)K<VAE971S
M+W-H965T,S8N>&UL4$L! A0#%     @ ;X)>2RWR5-(L P  *@\  !D
M         ( !#EL  'AL+W=O<FMS:&5E=',O<VAE970S-RYX;6Q02P$"% ,4
M    " !O@EY+7/)#\&<"   L"@  &0              @ %Q7@  >&PO=V]R
M:W-H965T<R]S:&5E=#,X+GAM;%!+ 0(4 Q0    ( &^"7DO*D]GV-0(  -@&
M   9              "  0]A  !X;"]W;W)K<VAE971S+W-H965T,SDN>&UL
M4$L! A0#%     @ ;X)>2]J-XO[% 0  5@0  !D              ( !>V,
M 'AL+W=O<FMS:&5E=',O<VAE970T,"YX;6Q02P$"% ,4    " !O@EY+NH._
MY-P!  !C!   &0              @ %W90  >&PO=V]R:W-H965T<R]S:&5E
M=#0Q+GAM;%!+ 0(4 Q0    ( &^"7DM!T 5B%@(  /T%   9
M  "  8IG  !X;"]W;W)K<VAE971S+W-H965T-#(N>&UL4$L! A0#%     @
M;X)>2S7#*MWP 0  Z00  !D              ( !UVD  'AL+W=O<FMS:&5E
M=',O<VAE970T,RYX;6Q02P$"% ,4    " !O@EY+5JKD>0T"  !X!0  &0
M            @ '^:P  >&PO=V]R:W-H965T<R]S:&5E=#0T+GAM;%!+ 0(4
M Q0    ( &^"7DNM,73970(  !\(   9              "  4)N  !X;"]W
M;W)K<VAE971S+W-H965T-#4N>&UL4$L! A0#%     @ ;X)>2_+_#\\) @
MS04  !D              ( !UG   'AL+W=O<FMS:&5E=',O<VAE970T-BYX
M;6Q02P$"% ,4    " !O@EY+^VT=0OX!  "5!0  &0              @ $6
M<P  >&PO=V]R:W-H965T<R]S:&5E=#0W+GAM;%!+ 0(4 Q0    ( &^"7DL6
MM'SI5P(  ,\(   9              "  4MU  !X;"]W;W)K<VAE971S+W-H
M965T-#@N>&UL4$L! A0#%     @ ;X)>2W0DS9KD 0  ^00  !D
M     ( !V7<  'AL+W=O<FMS:&5E=',O<VAE970T.2YX;6Q02P$"% ,4
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M+GAM;%!+ 0(4 Q0    ( &^"7DL@*%$?) (  /\%   9              "
M 12$  !X;"]W;W)K<VAE971S+W-H965T-30N>&UL4$L! A0#%     @ ;X)>
M2Q./H>&C @  S0D  !D              ( !;X8  'AL+W=O<FMS:&5E=',O
M<VAE970U-2YX;6Q02P$"% ,4    " !O@EY+&\EG92@"  "&!@  &0
M        @ %)B0  >&PO=V]R:W-H965T<R]S:&5E=#4V+GAM;%!+ 0(4 Q0
M   ( &^"7DM?/QJVJ@(  .D)   9              "  :B+  !X;"]W;W)K
M<VAE971S+W-H965T-3<N>&UL4$L! A0#%     @ ;X)>2S//".[% P  AQ$
M !D              ( !B8X  'AL+W=O<FMS:&5E=',O<VAE970U."YX;6Q0
M2P$"% ,4    " !O@EY+FSR+1R,"   !!@  &0              @ &%D@
M>&PO=V]R:W-H965T<R]S:&5E=#4Y+GAM;%!+ 0(4 Q0    ( &^"7DO1Z6L9
MZ $  *D$   9              "  =^4  !X;"]W;W)K<VAE971S+W-H965T
M-C N>&UL4$L! A0#%     @ ;X)>2UDM9.E! @  F <  !D
M ( !_I8  'AL+W=O<FMS:&5E=',O<VAE970V,2YX;6Q02P$"% ,4    " !O
M@EY+TPX_.G8"  #2"   &0              @ %VF0  >&PO=V]R:W-H965T
M<R]S:&5E=#8R+GAM;%!+ 0(4 Q0    ( &^"7DOO'VUMXP$  +L$   9
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M<W1Y;&5S+GAM;%!+ 0(4 Q0    ( '""7DM%O&3Z<00  (PI   /
M      "  44? 0!X;"]W;W)K8F]O:RYX;6Q02P$"% ,4    " !P@EY+M]#"
M#R@"  "E)@  &@              @ 'C(P$ >&PO7W)E;',O=V]R:V)O;VLN
M>&UL+G)E;'-02P$"% ,4    " !P@EY+WI^?Y_(!   &)@  $P
M    @ %#)@$ 6T-O;G1E;G1?5'EP97-=+GAM;%!+!08     20!) /$3  !F
%* $    !

end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>80
<FILENAME>Show.js
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
/**
 * Rivet Software Inc.
 *
 * @copyright Copyright (c) 2006-2011 Rivet Software, Inc. All rights reserved.
 * Version 2.4.0.3
 *
 */

var Show = {};
Show.LastAR = null,

Show.hideAR = function(){
	Show.LastAR.style.display = 'none';
};

Show.showAR = function ( link, id, win ){
	if( Show.LastAR ){
		Show.hideAR();
	}

	var ref = link;
	do {
		ref = ref.nextSibling;
	} while (ref && ref.nodeName != 'TABLE');

	if (!ref || ref.nodeName != 'TABLE') {
		var tmp = win ?
			win.document.getElementById(id) :
			document.getElementById(id);

		if( tmp ){
			ref = tmp.cloneNode(true);
			ref.id = '';
			link.parentNode.appendChild(ref);
		}
	}

	if( ref ){
		ref.style.display = 'block';
		Show.LastAR = ref;
	}
};

Show.toggleNext = function( link ){
	var ref = link;

	do{
		ref = ref.nextSibling;
	}while( ref.nodeName != 'DIV' );

	if( ref.style &&
		ref.style.display &&
		ref.style.display == 'none' ){
		ref.style.display = 'block';

		if( link.textContent ){
			link.textContent = link.textContent.replace( '+', '-' );
		}else{
			link.innerText = link.innerText.replace( '+', '-' );
		}
	}else{
		ref.style.display = 'none';

		if( link.textContent ){
			link.textContent = link.textContent.replace( '-', '+' );
		}else{
			link.innerText = link.innerText.replace( '-', '+' );
		}
	}
};
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>81
<FILENAME>report.css
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
/* Updated 2009-11-04 */
/* v2.2.0.24 */

/* DefRef Styles */
..report table.authRefData{
	background-color: #def;
	border: 2px solid #2F4497;
	font-size: 1em;
	position: absolute;
}

..report table.authRefData a {
	display: block;
	font-weight: bold;
}

..report table.authRefData p {
	margin-top: 0px;
}

..report table.authRefData .hide {
	background-color: #2F4497;
	padding: 1px 3px 0px 0px;
	text-align: right;
}

..report table.authRefData .hide a:hover {
	background-color: #2F4497;
}

..report table.authRefData .body {
	height: 150px;
	overflow: auto;
	width: 400px;
}

..report table.authRefData table{
	font-size: 1em;
}

/* Report Styles */
..pl a, .pl a:visited {
	color: black;
	text-decoration: none;
}

/* table */
..report {
	background-color: white;
	border: 2px solid #acf;
	clear: both;
	color: black;
	font: normal 8pt Helvetica, Arial, san-serif;
	margin-bottom: 2em;
}

..report hr {
	border: 1px solid #acf;
}

/* Top labels */
..report th {
	background-color: #acf;
	color: black;
	font-weight: bold;
	text-align: center;
}

..report th.void	{
	background-color: transparent;
	color: #000000;
	font: bold 10pt Helvetica, Arial, san-serif;
	text-align: left;
}

..report .pl {
	text-align: left;
	vertical-align: top;
	white-space: normal;
	width: 200px;
	white-space: normal; /* word-wrap: break-word; */
}

..report td.pl a.a {
	cursor: pointer;
	display: block;
	width: 200px;
	overflow: hidden;
}

..report td.pl div.a {
	width: 200px;
}

..report td.pl a:hover {
	background-color: #ffc;
}

/* Header rows... */
..report tr.rh {
	background-color: #acf;
	color: black;
	font-weight: bold;
}

/* Calendars... */
..report .rc {
	background-color: #f0f0f0;
}

/* Even rows... */
..report .re, .report .reu {
	background-color: #def;
}

..report .reu td {
	border-bottom: 1px solid black;
}

/* Odd rows... */
..report .ro, .report .rou {
	background-color: white;
}

..report .rou td {
	border-bottom: 1px solid black;
}

..report .rou table td, .report .reu table td {
	border-bottom: 0px solid black;
}

/* styles for footnote marker */
..report .fn {
	white-space: nowrap;
}

/* styles for numeric types */
..report .num, .report .nump {
	text-align: right;
	white-space: nowrap;
}

..report .nump {
	padding-left: 2em;
}

..report .nump {
	padding: 0px 0.4em 0px 2em;
}

/* styles for text types */
..report .text {
	text-align: left;
	white-space: normal;
}

..report .text .big {
	margin-bottom: 1em;
	width: 17em;
}

..report .text .more {
	display: none;
}

..report .text .note {
	font-style: italic;
	font-weight: bold;
}

..report .text .small {
	width: 10em;
}

..report sup {
	font-style: italic;
}

..report .outerFootnotes {
	font-size: 1em;
}
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>83
<FILENAME>FilingSummary.xml
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<XML>
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<FilingSummary>
  <Version>3.8.0.1</Version>
  <ProcessingTime/>
  <ReportFormat>html</ReportFormat>
  <ContextCount>92</ContextCount>
  <ElementCount>277</ElementCount>
  <EntityCount>1</EntityCount>
  <FootnotesReported>false</FootnotesReported>
  <SegmentCount>36</SegmentCount>
  <ScenarioCount>0</ScenarioCount>
  <TuplesReported>false</TuplesReported>
  <UnitCount>7</UnitCount>
  <MyReports>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R1.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>001 - Document - Document and Entity Information</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/DocumentAndEntityInformation</Role>
      <ShortName>Document and Entity Information</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Cover</MenuCategory>
      <Position>1</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R2.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>002 - Statement - Consolidated Balance Sheets</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/ConsolidatedBalanceSheets</Role>
      <ShortName>Consolidated Balance Sheets</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Statements</MenuCategory>
      <Position>2</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R3.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>003 - Statement - Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/ConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParenthetical</Role>
      <ShortName>Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Statements</MenuCategory>
      <Position>3</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R4.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>004 - Statement - Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/ConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveLossIncome</Role>
      <ShortName>Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Statements</MenuCategory>
      <Position>4</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R5.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>005 - Statement - Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/ConsolidatedStatementsOfStockholdersEquity</Role>
      <ShortName>Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Statements</MenuCategory>
      <Position>5</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R6.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>006 - Statement - Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/ConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows</Role>
      <ShortName>Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Statements</MenuCategory>
      <Position>6</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R7.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>007 - Disclosure - Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/DescriptionOfBusinessAndSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPolicies</Role>
      <ShortName>Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Notes</MenuCategory>
      <Position>7</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R8.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>008 - Disclosure - Fair Value Measurements</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/FairValueMeasurements</Role>
      <ShortName>Fair Value Measurements</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Notes</MenuCategory>
      <Position>8</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R9.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>009 - Disclosure - Derivative Instruments</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/DerivativeInstruments</Role>
      <ShortName>Derivative Instruments</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Notes</MenuCategory>
      <Position>9</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R10.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>010 - Disclosure - Property and Equipment</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/PropertyAndEquipment</Role>
      <ShortName>Property and Equipment</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Notes</MenuCategory>
      <Position>10</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R11.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>011 - Disclosure - Goodwill</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/Goodwill</Role>
      <ShortName>Goodwill</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Notes</MenuCategory>
      <Position>11</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R12.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>012 - Disclosure - Accrued Expenses</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/AccruedExpenses</Role>
      <ShortName>Accrued Expenses</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Notes</MenuCategory>
      <Position>12</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R13.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>013 - Disclosure - Equity</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/Equity</Role>
      <ShortName>Equity</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Notes</MenuCategory>
      <Position>13</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R14.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>014 - Disclosure - Commitments and Contingencies</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/CommitmentsAndContingencies</Role>
      <ShortName>Commitments and Contingencies</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Notes</MenuCategory>
      <Position>14</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R15.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>015 - Disclosure - Income Taxes</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/IncomeTaxes</Role>
      <ShortName>Income Taxes</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Notes</MenuCategory>
      <Position>15</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R16.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>016 - Disclosure - Stock-Based Compensation</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/StockBasedCompensation</Role>
      <ShortName>Stock-Based Compensation</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Notes</MenuCategory>
      <Position>16</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R17.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>017 - Disclosure - Related Party Transactions</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/RelatedPartyTransactions</Role>
      <ShortName>Related Party Transactions</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Notes</MenuCategory>
      <Position>17</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R18.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>018 - Disclosure - Business Segment and Geographic Information</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/BusinessSegmentAndGeographicInformation</Role>
      <ShortName>Business Segment and Geographic Information</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Notes</MenuCategory>
      <Position>18</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R19.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>019 - Disclosure - Revolving Credit Facility</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/Revolvingcreditfacility</Role>
      <ShortName>Revolving Credit Facility</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Notes</MenuCategory>
      <Position>19</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R20.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>020 - Disclosure - Defined Contribution Plan</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/DefinedContributionPlan</Role>
      <ShortName>Defined Contribution Plan</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Notes</MenuCategory>
      <Position>20</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R21.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>021 - Disclosure - Subsequent Event-Freeform Development, Inc.</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/SubsequentEventFreeformDevelopmentInc</Role>
      <ShortName>Subsequent Event-Freeform Development, Inc.</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Notes</MenuCategory>
      <Position>21</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R22.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>022 - Disclosure - Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/DescriptionofBusinessandSummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies</Role>
      <ShortName>Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Policies</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.zdgee.com/role/DescriptionOfBusinessAndSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPolicies</ParentRole>
      <Position>22</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R23.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>023 - Disclosure - Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/DescriptionofBusinessandSummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesTables</Role>
      <ShortName>Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Tables</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.zdgee.com/role/DescriptionOfBusinessAndSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPolicies</ParentRole>
      <Position>23</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R24.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>024 - Disclosure - Fair Value Measurements (Tables)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/FairValueMeasurementsTables</Role>
      <ShortName>Fair Value Measurements (Tables)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Tables</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.zdgee.com/role/FairValueMeasurements</ParentRole>
      <Position>24</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R25.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>025 - Disclosure - Derivative Instruments (Tables)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/DerivativeInstrumentsTables</Role>
      <ShortName>Derivative Instruments (Tables)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Tables</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.zdgee.com/role/DerivativeInstruments</ParentRole>
      <Position>25</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R26.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>026 - Disclosure - Property and Equipment (Tables)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/PropertyandEquipmentTables</Role>
      <ShortName>Property and Equipment (Tables)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Tables</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.zdgee.com/role/PropertyAndEquipment</ParentRole>
      <Position>26</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R27.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>027 - Disclosure - Goodwill (Tables)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/GoodwillTables</Role>
      <ShortName>Goodwill (Tables)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Tables</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.zdgee.com/role/Goodwill</ParentRole>
      <Position>27</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R28.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>028 - Disclosure - Accrued Expenses (Tables)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/Accruedexpensestables</Role>
      <ShortName>Accrued Expenses (Tables)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Tables</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.zdgee.com/role/AccruedExpenses</ParentRole>
      <Position>28</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R29.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>029 - Disclosure - Equity (Tables)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/EquityTables</Role>
      <ShortName>Equity (Tables)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Tables</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.zdgee.com/role/Equity</ParentRole>
      <Position>29</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R30.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>030 - Disclosure - Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/CommitmentsandContingenciesTables</Role>
      <ShortName>Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Tables</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.zdgee.com/role/CommitmentsAndContingencies</ParentRole>
      <Position>30</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R31.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>031 - Disclosure - Income Taxes (Tables)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/IncomeTaxesTables</Role>
      <ShortName>Income Taxes (Tables)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Tables</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.zdgee.com/role/IncomeTaxes</ParentRole>
      <Position>31</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R32.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>032 - Disclosure - Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/StockBasedCompensationTables</Role>
      <ShortName>Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Tables</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.zdgee.com/role/StockBasedCompensation</ParentRole>
      <Position>32</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R33.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>033 - Disclosure - Related Party Transactions (Tables)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/RelatedPartyTransactionsTables</Role>
      <ShortName>Related Party Transactions (Tables)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Tables</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.zdgee.com/role/RelatedPartyTransactions</ParentRole>
      <Position>33</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R34.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>034 - Disclosure - Business Segment and Geographic Information (Tables)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/BusinessSegmentAndGeographicInformationTables</Role>
      <ShortName>Business Segment and Geographic Information (Tables)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Tables</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.zdgee.com/role/BusinessSegmentAndGeographicInformation</ParentRole>
      <Position>34</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R35.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>035 - Disclosure - Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/DescriptionofBusinessandSummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.zdgee.com/role/DescriptionofBusinessandSummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesTables</ParentRole>
      <Position>35</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R36.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>036 - Disclosure - Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details 1)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/DescriptionofBusinessandSummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesDetails1</Role>
      <ShortName>Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details 1)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.zdgee.com/role/DescriptionofBusinessandSummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesTables</ParentRole>
      <Position>36</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R37.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>037 - Disclosure - Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details Textual)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/DescriptionOfBusinessAndSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesDetailsTextual</Role>
      <ShortName>Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details Textual)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.zdgee.com/role/DescriptionofBusinessandSummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesTables</ParentRole>
      <Position>37</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R38.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>038 - Disclosure - Fair Value Measurements (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/FairValueMeasurementsDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>Fair Value Measurements (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.zdgee.com/role/FairValueMeasurementsTables</ParentRole>
      <Position>38</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R39.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>039 - Disclosure - Derivative Instruments (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/DerivativeInstrumentsDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>Derivative Instruments (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.zdgee.com/role/DerivativeInstrumentsTables</ParentRole>
      <Position>39</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R40.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>040 - Disclosure - Derivative Instruments (Details 1)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/DerivativeInstrumentsDetails1</Role>
      <ShortName>Derivative Instruments (Details 1)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.zdgee.com/role/DerivativeInstrumentsTables</ParentRole>
      <Position>40</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R41.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>041 - Disclosure - Derivative Instruments (Details 2)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/DerivativeInstrumentsDetails2</Role>
      <ShortName>Derivative Instruments (Details 2)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.zdgee.com/role/DerivativeInstrumentsTables</ParentRole>
      <Position>41</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R42.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>042 - Disclosure - Property and Equipment (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/PropertyandEquipmentDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>Property and Equipment (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.zdgee.com/role/PropertyandEquipmentTables</ParentRole>
      <Position>42</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R43.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>043 - Disclosure - Property and Equipment (Details Textual)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/PropertyAndEquipmentDetailsTextual</Role>
      <ShortName>Property and Equipment (Details Textual)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.zdgee.com/role/PropertyandEquipmentTables</ParentRole>
      <Position>43</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R44.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>044 - Disclosure - Goodwill (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/GoodwillDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>Goodwill (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.zdgee.com/role/GoodwillTables</ParentRole>
      <Position>44</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R45.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>045 - Disclosure - Accrued Expenses (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/AccruedExpensesDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>Accrued Expenses (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.zdgee.com/role/Accruedexpensestables</ParentRole>
      <Position>45</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R46.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>046 - Disclosure - Equity (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/EquityDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>Equity (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.zdgee.com/role/EquityTables</ParentRole>
      <Position>46</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R47.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>047 - Disclosure - Equity (Details Textual)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/EquityDetailsTextual</Role>
      <ShortName>Equity (Details Textual)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.zdgee.com/role/EquityTables</ParentRole>
      <Position>47</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R48.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>048 - Disclosure - Commitments and Contingencies (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/CommitmentsandContingenciesDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>Commitments and Contingencies (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.zdgee.com/role/CommitmentsandContingenciesTables</ParentRole>
      <Position>48</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R49.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>049 - Disclosure - Commitments and Contingencies (Details Textual)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/CommitmentsAndContingenciesDetailsTextual</Role>
      <ShortName>Commitments and Contingencies (Details Textual)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.zdgee.com/role/CommitmentsandContingenciesTables</ParentRole>
      <Position>49</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R50.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>050 - Disclosure - Income Taxes (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/IncomeTaxesDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>Income Taxes (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.zdgee.com/role/IncomeTaxesTables</ParentRole>
      <Position>50</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R51.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>051 - Disclosure - Income Taxes (Details 1)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/IncomeTaxesDetails1</Role>
      <ShortName>Income Taxes (Details 1)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.zdgee.com/role/IncomeTaxesTables</ParentRole>
      <Position>51</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R52.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>052 - Disclosure - Income Taxes (Details 2)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/IncomeTaxesDetails2</Role>
      <ShortName>Income Taxes (Details 2)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.zdgee.com/role/IncomeTaxesTables</ParentRole>
      <Position>52</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R53.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>053 - Disclosure - Income Taxes (Details 3)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/IncomeTaxesDetails3</Role>
      <ShortName>Income Taxes (Details 3)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.zdgee.com/role/IncomeTaxesTables</ParentRole>
      <Position>53</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R54.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>054 - Disclosure - Income Taxes (Details 4)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/IncomeTaxesDetails4</Role>
      <ShortName>Income Taxes (Details 4)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.zdgee.com/role/IncomeTaxesTables</ParentRole>
      <Position>54</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R55.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>055 - Disclosure - Income Taxes (Details Textual)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/IncomeTaxesDetailsTextual</Role>
      <ShortName>Income Taxes (Details Textual)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.zdgee.com/role/IncomeTaxesTables</ParentRole>
      <Position>55</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R56.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>056 - Disclosure - Stock-Based Compensation (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/StockBasedCompensationDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>Stock-Based Compensation (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.zdgee.com/role/StockBasedCompensationTables</ParentRole>
      <Position>56</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R57.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>057 - Disclosure - Stock-Based Compensation (Details 1)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/StockBasedCompensationDetails1</Role>
      <ShortName>Stock-Based Compensation (Details 1)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.zdgee.com/role/StockBasedCompensationTables</ParentRole>
      <Position>57</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R58.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>058 - Disclosure - Stock-Based Compensation (Details Textual)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/StockBasedCompensationDetailsTextual</Role>
      <ShortName>Stock-Based Compensation (Details Textual)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.zdgee.com/role/StockBasedCompensationTables</ParentRole>
      <Position>58</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R59.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>059 - Disclosure - Related Party Transactions (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/RelatedPartyTransactionsDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>Related Party Transactions (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.zdgee.com/role/RelatedPartyTransactionsTables</ParentRole>
      <Position>59</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R60.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>060 - Disclosure - Related Party Transactions (Details Textual)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/RelatedPartyTransactionsDetailsTextual</Role>
      <ShortName>Related Party Transactions (Details Textual)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.zdgee.com/role/RelatedPartyTransactionsTables</ParentRole>
      <Position>60</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R61.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>061 - Disclosure - Business Segment and Geographic Information (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/BusinessSegmentAndGeographicInformationDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>Business Segment and Geographic Information (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.zdgee.com/role/BusinessSegmentAndGeographicInformationTables</ParentRole>
      <Position>61</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R62.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>062 - Disclosure - Revolving Credit Facility (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/Revolvingcreditfacilitydetails</Role>
      <ShortName>Revolving Credit Facility (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.zdgee.com/role/Revolvingcreditfacility</ParentRole>
      <Position>62</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R63.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>063 - Disclosure - Defined Contribution Plan (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/DefinedContributionPlanDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>Defined Contribution Plan (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.zdgee.com/role/DefinedContributionPlan</ParentRole>
      <Position>63</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="zdge-20170731.xml">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R64.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>064 - Disclosure - Subsequent Event-Freeform Development, Inc. (Details)</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://www.zdgee.com/role/SubsequentEventFreeformDevelopmentIncDetails</Role>
      <ShortName>Subsequent Event-Freeform Development, Inc. (Details)</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Details</MenuCategory>
      <ParentRole>http://www.zdgee.com/role/SubsequentEventFreeformDevelopmentInc</ParentRole>
      <Position>64</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report>
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <LongName>All Reports</LongName>
      <ReportType>Book</ReportType>
      <ShortName>All Reports</ShortName>
    </Report>
  </MyReports>
  <InputFiles>
    <File>zdge-20170731.xml</File>
    <File>zdge-20170731.xsd</File>
    <File>zdge-20170731_cal.xml</File>
    <File>zdge-20170731_def.xml</File>
    <File>zdge-20170731_lab.xml</File>
    <File>zdge-20170731_pre.xml</File>
  </InputFiles>
  <SupplementalFiles/>
  <BaseTaxonomies>
    <BaseTaxonomy>http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014-01-31</BaseTaxonomy>
    <BaseTaxonomy>http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2017-01-31</BaseTaxonomy>
    <BaseTaxonomy>http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2017-01-31</BaseTaxonomy>
  </BaseTaxonomies>
  <HasPresentationLinkbase>true</HasPresentationLinkbase>
  <HasCalculationLinkbase>true</HasCalculationLinkbase>
</FilingSummary>
</XML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>ZIP
<SEQUENCE>85
<FILENAME>0001213900-17-011082-xbrl.zip
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
begin 644 0001213900-17-011082-xbrl.zip
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MB/?;YRCT4C?Y%,%A]$ZX4J2DYXQ'GX*&;%</(6^<N:NHL$"RE@:ABI#/?L3
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MO:M2-9*%$*T5]J?2_*AT*[P\Z%E;QCQN?2L&P&512"K >#J43Z;JQ=5*4'X
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ML%W49UD.LHW@LKKD+2ZH7K7^WXL X-NVS@4J7R^CG2J@VQA.ZU[GCT/IW6#
MW>33X-UW=X0=*+^ S'P*<" XD.'_H$OXCOE\.SVFCDI5)%<!;X-H/;F=V/5:
ML*I^0T8CE<\&VUA55R>ENM@KP+=!O)YNS)Q>KP<QPS^/%W;;:=)6W9]*0O T
MX-:R0>@B;\H]_CZ,] ZM+GC5OKT%8IU?%,KN/031FJ%?ZW;[.HU%P./X+8_=
M2$QT?UGI8\.0Q= 7+NC^KP#':Q_@7 ^ /_Z7G[R:.'$R]?D/SP8PS$NG'_J>
MTSV9)"^", )B._^=B#%LB0&_=\!$8<%_=QQZTG%B6$&#5\Z814,1O'1.)M_S
M_QQ?3I)7 *4?1B^=_Y1FTBL'P3Q*\$H46R._=((PX.JI"#R.\\/7KQR?)PF/
MCN()P[T/WT-07CGW8>3E3^G5^Y%(.#WC^7MA- '5'+]T>O""\,)[^4_$\"A.
M(IZXH_SEHWO>_R8 +@0#?@V_\2/X*!FI&>@YB%XH&_@=$;E>.@*8*_#[\N\*
M:?W[L_\:)J^0T#B[2>NC 1L+?_KR80I+N,4?,"MR1@[Y,4RXT_TO-IZ\^L^K
M7K?WRA >)QPX6J8<%GC.;3H&-DWQ^:T8!E2>$:#))<S1(H:0OL )-=@O)OI?
M5E*:*2E21KH7)Z^69RX&I@C7LK<![)VS[I?GM65R_9G\+PZF2\<!J^_8.4Q&
MW-&*OW?R"B-^6##-GG1?/>\XS'G+?:8<N]%$@=MQ[ED,P.I'W(,_'# ZKXZ+
M6L($O\_<;\,(-@I/8TMLD(!]!5A* '0O7RD+"L:8^"Q!]CL\0).+?HC3,8]B
M)PF="?PO!L0!M@Y@)2)G'/:%S\'4NQ,NO'TODI$SB#C@/A+#T='O*;R<3!U,
MY$A GF+$R/<G#$>"=\ F=F Y<!XX;#)Q!,[60:D8XN4W;H5!F&35B9T8L8J/
MYVA( S<$VTM=&*.?[:OP_P[VT )P0WU- $P<HL/FV"Z_-BT_'+)?L9?V,^Y:
M5K>$U;CH46N />R1@AQ('QRP+-:1EJ1"_=3C#N@>W'11(S,5$J'_UIH#E0ZI
M;^==&H&B<&YN43U_#*-[/A2409?I9^/E-RQ@'E,J_P:FB0W#78!RC5P]@9X8
M/T[R\-/8&;$[[O11&7)?C $/P,=JIE:):PLTDP@LJY?53%6FUD#$+K!MRED$
M5I8'"BAP_I;ZTUPB3KNHE#AS1XZ+WD\/WL37CYUW^"S".!0>N*@K_/ >#3-6
M&)5>((,-%5MI/K1ZP(C$7PJ#PT,/[2Q0H8?\>'C<T1^B$VKQD/!)&8$.??:\
M(=K+BO16M9?U5C2&XZC$;B<B./HT&#1C+5O.KKP]D9<!*<HC'^Q3X,B_PPB.
M[4?A?0"Z/4[[L?"$<DA_>/L5OLM-X$/#M0&_F6Z-8^<3;FT!=^1^<-%QC#=H
M,R3+F,>)WI),B.))&AR%@X'3G]*LL/F4/X_Q%F@4^AYN3F1/&V/TN<O&8.@'
MN+7Q"2<)<29IWZ?6HO*E9!2%Z7 $6$^BT &<F.,)X*+HI]I%E\SUF6!>I(3!
M&7'?6Q;0LD<H6V F[>QJ:]-JLSOG8SE^T%268WM@\B[DUW9V3;=I3>,.RF2:
M%FX]OI'SHW8S=/70OH&'KDK'%#K\(X0<#U$L<4:P]\#>BZ<K-XR38^>M@)\3
MA\O$N-AX ;9J$;B8#))M/)-(A)$^I.E=!<^7?3YB_F )5Y<":.##I/*V 3Z(
M>27PQPY28 Q@%IQ=&:@,M\@[CO"E(%L1[+&_L!C$RKGED;PON!E&7$9,TLT!
MXG /'SADC_@^B8W/AS MP@H[](#',>7D.P.._,'',?-9A%3'/[B*;P64J494
MK :$P>3AMH]5"9$F\82["+,C4.ZS2P98,SS")&QG %+NRQZ(<0)SP;*YX[Z<
MDZY%?+I"4(#@1+Z/_YO! ^26-R8!][5(3-@T LPZSB@%00-2QV$:N3C"!/YW
MQ/"&HI/[""<R80LGYRQ.HVD'I#2!5?A-FCO<YY,1K&$45$E2$D4B&=@\+$JD
MG,TC L:'C^%1Y@85&&&%WR@)+,L8:!OND7SB1)Y\\4%:1S1%+&"Y,1+0-Y]>
M?[D!HXGYP';U.?+W3B![U?M CF@( \#[TCHE =$<CE])J^I(SN*:Y3,1-E R
M0J*2PR?EL&R<>?!CH,*M,\-O@M725I8=G%B :$08&$Q6;,77#('MHW]769A
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M-+<GD=3MRG*8L_?A!HGT1H5/EC7+0T?AD !?3#"X9PAV440G"?B=3XS-YU=
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M4/DM:4M$5*0@2F@>\E@4;;O,'!]D5IR&IN,4<NPXUYX$NB6./!%@Y!@%K/.
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MA K)JC3ZV1?C3L:;2B0QP4UCB9R2ME:0COMHN0R**YSP#W@F@H,TDE4/I69
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MSCS9LP<L06GQZ>BM,5XY_T&U_^.\L$&&5?D0DGG0\^T%36]Y[\A+YA;MMR+
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M&3I "TZW/@=&2.?@:Q:QF"4.G 2H>@:\DT8)0L*_S1Y2_M0]OM!G#LQJ\0
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MB=6J3UAA:;2PY/_9:"6N+T!03-_Y/J':MRE0.-+5!H.ARN>APL!_ZEU==T"
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M$P <==&;_'A;?85DY#:+]AZTB5VAQW;]D:E9C4/;?M.B9.5R;YG80I2L7+:
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ML@&-3&*&6A6\D#"L 6]_;C^/FPHBU!\4B=#\;:6Q"#] E45C4K\R0B=K#X^
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MYDRB>QF'Q*?(4RVP&Q#ZJ)5*B&[;C!3 V&9OGL7>M,=<3H#*'* %SQB@7@8
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MW 4N:_BW[X;[@NNZ'@U,BKLC108<W^$]WN%+)L4]D*(N3=M((7JJI7(9$08
M@YM!KM:5ROMVAZE]@?"U"-##B>'HD033)D0O6S2FB.YFU&B <%E9EGB0 Q_M
MDW\MGZ]A*%Y9PEM]SO/AXD%WSK7WQD)O5G;J:1E.GTO$%R]W20][O(;A<]L[
MNB1O&G-'SRZWO*.-Q>E!M!.K)^%JM;LI$#/Y5B9@2F'EJ0C&BVG/!U:3Z\+F
MFHC36IF+^SKDS>H.01W%8/M.U 6L->W>#7N#U7W/NX+#_?DW]@FS)OF9WH@$
MZ^_F6CWIP>^I!$YX]^@\J<C2W;/;KD&PJQ.O[0K<=N]F;Q#@C@>]X>DI$]LV
M,#M\'+M!P&$.QASLL!P,U-J;&JBU38+96@[61!];DX!O!1%EZ&T7/NPFQ%BF
M[#5.LB]1<M0X@)UMDU/"!/:2:6%MAQ)3UTNSK\;!:^.$#B:P9WJ,BU[M^!>7
MQC2@% V7?,$ZP^+_N:1TWZA^OVE[G7)KH[GP/>?[P=D5=16GUN2#\P'^46Y+
M3LV*;N?S403_?!^Z?2HQSQ)I>A^Y60*L2UHUW%-_;I=F4^V[/Y;NHQM(I)(O
MDNJTY_ XHE\5F[^9^G+LO/LJW8P*J3^,Q[Z+30G@UV^BDY\CU:, 7EK:##8E
M<&9R-E+?K2JZ7&ZNM*ZP^@?=0:?H";1%(Q^[_\^=G" (/LEY%..9]]OWY^7[
MG76TM5DY.;Z:N]2DVYEJ+#2T&@N]SA+86I(XFECIQOTBHTDLYE/?A6N&**#3
MK[@R-6FVQ\17=^)[LJU132BI!->.DU==:>FSK<N8)C="25/L3Z25BQX"+O
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M_OEJ('Z3+[@+O9N.-LI4LAYMU>3MS3HL+1R\PEW2!E@\'<][&@X5T>2#@N8
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M./*K*V&#N.E )HF:*F>O RAVKD__LF[8G 05P\<NV<)UHRQ,$]BK*_U[%,L
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M3S\&L-\/B.#/ ,N[J8CE:Y%(S_X5NSM9X*]T=YY;[LZW0%$H<I T8G^4T2U
M"F-W9^NPSVI\._$*VI;E,5I2X(47S7&LE'#.3P?'7U[1]>YI!0Y=-B 'L@0T
M':/]%Y)7J>V.U (H<692T@!D(Q&5'U$)7C<&^,>^4%(77X+:'#H*G;G /$I_
M3NX:U.0#U!WGL3Q)Q5?TE8@QZ0;P1R("$3^"Z!W+.!9!HO2^!U!?G)%63Y!-
M%>);G:9L(I!OE'R4#HAI.(J?3)5>C=^0;P\5K$]J7C- RI/VKLVL;E3=9#A%
M_1M44#&6#@C;$7ZH ()J)A 0 <3BGZB0P79+'\&3GL0-E$!!CF5KW>KES+YS
M=XP&QCA#=?X>+05O]0#N-X$ '>X6O3<S=+ZBDXM>K+YXO? %>8[0<L)UR:P#
MZJ%=$#0"33,%?O3F2&:4!G];!^T[_S=Z &"#HK?BB.AH&TD%):"K!+6:9,$O
MO(5OB=E6_=D6+CFJD$NC'+L<D&L+KM^CVS]Q 46Y>5K)K-P(!%%N,>?<P6+U
MY!;X?G"C[+LUZY9DQ06%0"JY2@6S7.")]MO'*[GT=D;@#DV\4LY+-DKDOS(@
MSG<@VM)D'W8@CTQN],CD1;[W[5>^S,V5C7EAV9@%43I$E=97N:OE+6@'031'
MA:,'M]KM/RD*>'QWXVDQW5%>XF;6+1,,$XQ-,(MF\]6ZN%=HQ;G0>/H$EA!(
MY 6'\1(7<XX-LQN>YLPN_VCPTRM:S%C3H)B@R8K/R+BPNGO./(N3C,(KD?:4
MVSN-1OAKV&JL-J5,-7RB,-Q5; @@&Q>[5=^J(YG#J=B.B0;@.G/QJ+X 0R\C
M50SUCV3\:&][\6BD3 6^(-> +Y-R5@4EP^3;^'XPO$!MCE(,1#(U*2T(BF@N
MD7Y U[(6<XY5^@$B">S]A#8UPIC & ,$N6= O^Y5;RFA@3: 'TRCP)-QLO((
MH#51#2@Z0^8 0C])HIC2L&2B-HL9-C=7O8O+*WH+/)!I!P0^9-87L"=,,8&G
M!\/+WN75S3.545)Y,=D;+U698/6K[5?=#'LW%V??J/<61&3 6'Q2NB3O"GJZ
M+>B)<&5;\2K0F@=L <2)[TF=64:86?!WJ,A+**T0#7R=4.)4BM ED^#Z[(RH
MB-9+B&;@P#F.AD/U-9[A#,R'R[/A<^&BJ,\9"Q]M@?B+3)U[$60JV^IR,*#W
MZ/0CD])%R%E*M?+)V40D#,_$\MZ7#R852F?FF8#F8J2JY!:+D<]ZA <5*_1C
ML*/^E8&04!EOA9%TO<I.L0)4JXP(M#3^[4WDCV]EXL8^^84^C%]G"7"?)/D8
M!;[[N%>+0UG\F*SEN^SC:8#=;Q$*DJ$A%7;DM0G)_T\"3S#Z#K(?2^=98*JH
M\H X!D4I$ _H:X:]SO5V>SI/Q7RDV-GP]!185DFWM[>_MB?:*I<X<2988QZ(
M5&E"E$M#7R39#$4*ZB#POU$(K.;?4FM.LPA4$/1]W_N8I$UR8 R"KN=,06,]
M 7Y+@1#,9DV!GA(\41#,!:X$ST0SZ6"RCJ3T(,?'M_60*B92QP) 9?#'OJM$
M88*G2OHK[)K/94\7IL2 BJ;O%^83"0?^/8'M%CI4H@JHV(_>JNM7%S\ZHWKO
MJ%9Y[R&5C!*#+'+IDQ0^,!:<SH<O\K/S,H^RKDM,A]BW\RZ+@5$XMW?(GG^+
MX@<Y\45H\V?KX3<B%)[0+!]CG8D_"8ES4=(EX-$U+S O)MNAT%\39RKN)>BN
MDH+(*L'>8\[4*G)M 6?"IDN,ZLTX4Y6JI0W/1RDPE<)+T"[&5-6"(LX&R)2D
M<*=@K ?P##R)C_>==X)20L<2<WB15U ".2:AVZO2 WF(<.%]J/5HF[BT.'SH
MH9X%+/18]B?]GAU&7+\D_&3Q "KI]M5JRWICHSFWL#4LD[NY#T^/V;;F*U=U
MY9 \3H ^FL%,&;-;,U.RB55  )/755T#&)DGT0-Z_+&4UO=\S)@#)OK^[6?X
M7:&PV<$'^,XVPOO.!V3$H2S2_JPGB'47U:KE2DK<43+/PI-H/$97+;X56.7B
MS\E7FON_%QSP(^F*&5:.(B.6<TD4XLRS$3(?HSNF4S#L)U-5UXG%H@*K78HT
MY35^VY*_=BH#;].-+OHO\@MFPVX]GU_/NNULC=<B\9,/X]O<TZN>W1^S7YW"
MSWR_,=R!J :)OZ ;9O]M0C#%QZCM ?%-._)IRAU=S2,I.E3E T#?:AX5$JDS
M!<8)@@,56<RQZSMO_1ASL$TQN?5 @!$WJIS+N>8\]C$$I?1APQ)1E1_)J0C&
M55X%9(665T%O:(SYPWF<*I&5FU=ALAFF MI^A7RK6!>(=732TP5APOF[P'))
MYT[&RC6[4)2*9Z!:.!*F6(B:8'^MB6[7 .)E#+JXC]Y>;)N@*_<H%=W7<4\3
M\X0C4XI>HA>$Q90=,<($/6IO,9<N[MG!)@.%/_>GH@&"*55#3,"[X-K<RT"]
MDSS0@8KZJ8W@BP*<:U?L!\"MG-.A# Q)S,5C#"?K.=,," W+TZ(L=G7R@#L5
MZ SN%>X8W=,"7RY%DL6//:#2%&ZAR@U/92#G4[C#2*@*I$2*!#(0V").=71W
M!1! ;_!G(BVBJT!2,6%$4^ BC0&WD1[1)[[(4P\^">N87I'X<-T$$>B;#Z\_
MW8+$%P&@7?]<)?0C>O7S (YXHO($=*X%$D@>U?Y)J00GZBVNE7-)>\-J6W64
M8G^*#A<U"T\75]EYHAAT"+>G'<HM -*(5?L%].\O_UK@9D?H2M/J$<#!(X0K
M>C:+STG!6'A''RY1*";F8($O[V525-T"0\IFNA( %YO)=!IYA%Z]$WQGACNA
MPQ4ERE;ROVH5D:0J0)$?0/>K2($$,18.1$X\B"QT+#;(FTS@+U7@.\I IRM<
MB#DQ^65.I&(?!CI4]GHB J3K$4I1XC0QIGU(L[D-G:OP<O@AW#W3E<?>^DA6
M[+Y8;1XE.GT#;BE<=@*BCM)02$AEWQ"WMY53B[8<;,^B.W50BL,8>=HB'U9I
M,<@W+:;KC+,T W@#0W_0R'U<@N=4+.KKD@"(-Q\S&FQ((A%A\YJBBPL<Q4?:
MF&-5=_B$7W<Y-WHSM=A6I']/Y(?QNYSEL,+,^I2E3P%UX,W(Z8.UY39A]S,U
M\5*,28N]%8P;^0+"&[F5RN$J4JQTYR5, IB 4(]5:S+7E7.+<_X.1X&_[E*C
MV-R"[@!LON1H^;U_UW=^N;W]6$KSU/VTL- M%[+4'.N+M'0EZAUF"5J2=4)U
MVB A/#/-VK %JIWO564"X&*VH4!9BWTP&TT# Y(]*, \']X1FR31*+'VM!WK
M+C-BFT7K6LM/0!^3D,0?^[3Y,B]>9E.1:Y$)<^LV(=AV;2M&2ZP4N^+<J$X[
MNDL3DH%.6T_ _J5 'C(UC_*Q$Q78P_14S,?&H*#UA;9DT7JV/C59[=JZ]Y0#
M1,0Q?FCE*IO?@,9-'3F7EE6<M6IE\G*D4S_VJ/P9>P>ZTQ @.WG,D\TT5]=.
M -56$+3N3+<G]/+C BS0)!8KSDR@F:&O8(Y]/+U\>\I] @+-);6G^M?86-3_
MJ@VCL IZ0*,2C3C3)=-5Y0"E):R>5<99/_*I$WG%N@9*JTO5-T$)@1B;=BI3
M*Y:!T,T )AA1H!!",B7<V;06*X;R;UDF(4UH9(Z:=Q0.- ^L8.5G@N4S>KLY
MIC]#XR91]AH 'S.W$^ID@)E](8CA($B<8Q7;T/ P#2YU#TG/R>96/KMUR%?D
M]@'C:H+_*ZE;I9L;DA9XBA_/!;8CD%]]-)&/"Q4FCZ%@58=TJ1C6M#%ZU;-P
MFQ.$<K_HII?D(EH,WDR%:LN:*/=(@#X]H9M "*LYV2/I,C&G];2,A[<@K:>5
MJ/Y,?=&PWZZGJCY614<-U\/>QCDG-=+84Y(ERF)EJQBQA&U 9OZ_\_*42K&"
M\D8)P!,E '7*M&[]IQR@AD67G-NH B12FN5'/@G!GN$ON=\Q-M,?;-9O;T85
MR^#1S'OZ3(8'Y3AEKL!P/^#U+ZO6 2E(>%\26ZU&#8]NJO8F8"MRO$3P(]>$
MNT:X1=!W,%$#-)^%0D/5;FEJ%#$L00W\"6F'Y7:@MBK7P][77B35K]%E84HK
M2 51\2D,<UA/Y=V;'.J[H3N)"Z,I$@M UC#UYU6*5-]YHV-N-H<HZ9?*Q8+*
M'BU)WOOT =W=BQ'-124T5RD]9Q)'28(^>:!E'2556I4J-"V5HYKJ1C=+TFA&
MW4!1N5L <!5P%_6P7/NV='2P6"ASIC!!5-3$8I9)YDZK +AT*I%KY!2P4Q6*
M9)=9'+7P_3SIX2FWN+3F"7SRDR]JV@K^BQU!3>,\>] Q2_2!I*>G\1"!X$6X
MLS(#WNBKQ)[]5M' S[E7&PWJ.+,8]CS" C[=S]I,*RE'/MU%"M*-@F/-8K!(
MO!BX$#R::O&>"JBBO_X>4\:+VA6O<EQ*V<^ H5K=&2"/S9:6 @!A+!P.I5I4
MCTN']--,QX!5FP=TSNN>AC^_??]&I0!(+Q_ \G^MK)W>DI&NIL5@-%92"T/\
M/(C0<C<RGV3!.DBM=M:D<H:)IB"?Z)!%P\ DSR^@%'K:JJJ%!U5>Q%9;:_LW
M>4L'#"E7 D6E'41 =%&I[[0J;M3!;XQ=V(#L._\[10/$!HWN-0B0B1(]X42M
M5(:-ZN$0 OCP*@O+ V-UC4"URI,4T4_*""AT&(J_TW<)W/I >6[44HDL%T7!
M:RD(CXF^U$PS,(W6(]/YO3ICP,H!L&D**T-)%+,+IE6LD5TPG4%UR8L= 5<+
MI?*L2F)6B^'?6(:3=&I8DS$R,)*1T$0R9!]E1E7.]:(@R[*4*TE/XIR80^0G
MBKUKMW&5S+$S.!^P0_ )3CY*S"2+JE>-1$!3T*C7#>YTH?2J-.8@EH4I18%Q
MDW/DG)_]I><,KOZBK,K!TD"T_Z\PB%5VW;IW7:Y_U<5?\*F_J#>=K7Y3Y:B&
MAVC5LE=ZQ>':86YK8*@,U_(K+WLD8W/[TW[CY;/?I.J <ZEFH[TXG$I[K(R<
MY9EZ8!X'4GBJOR9NP3<1.^59,"^V0(6.2M #X98',BZY-<B5:0?TGFQ^L\8P
M+=NO2?IA? =:W1[[WG#V60OXMTZT?Z-=*-I+PJ9J&Y&\Z"?+.W=9G5H2"M%B
MEAHV4"L<A,9CYQM)K-O0+[1^3Z>J, ]]N&#MI#I(HAK:4+*^CM>,_0 M".-5
M58W*Z,L,N+%N,:.3^_O.G3($$QWYMC+D==F%HWKS4);UMJV.5['*O-KYURB<
M_.K?2^^6REZ8H_)E6W/9D%I.B%P<12_,2]N$WH]8,A;KX@;TG5$_535BKRAH
M(U:K<E5 "P3CQZKRB 4VD#W!9K*JSD,EF.EQ()2;ZF$^SS@+',SPR=UM%!<J
M%8GIV; 4#TFB<4I-RU2%5)[9Y15=7Q4+M1I<GY%!D:@"G@@[NMM?]IR+G@,F
MP. 4W3;#4_5PWZ'6[WABU(#!Y,*C@<#(8@!]IC<P]K_BOV'OT7B,L:8<5#T'
MY09Y0$WO#.L[7#+#8CE@\5Y^G/Q3<TAV&+7J4K'#J#.HMAU&J50E<RJNBW&'
M43Z 'MDAYAB>!"1*=<6Q:FJ(>Y0E%HGIH"%&+AQ)36&185EU:JX?N]D,R\)<
M^D!UURG*!UT1QY3AFG?*34V5<UY"-[)VN1A740=!=7KA('GQHPJ!1_]4M6Y9
MB(-1T1$@2Q5RJB3. _#=FTPGBH'03OK.^_&Z=73EG+4<LL]B1N83!^TMJ/)!
MH"4:]<& 3_V89 B&(7I8R0B/]<H'5(4:NAU2D:902#5J2JQ>;5PF:W94AG&1
M-#*CFF"T7XKE1H]YJV;J)2D"G7*@T&)J<#49P2>C1\? CEP]Q1Z7P+B !R=3
M>1K4)Q.T@1BE>[X8%?'VG3?FYP9;>8J8M>FBM$87X)0KRE<6WHP>K4(=L(ZF
M5!]I@WKY-VBO24U@U,443<(RSG7D2>^%S"M- 07ZZ3II$)E"2DH+1_#8C[FT
M)QJ:I4)%FYEE&QA<Y;J=!'02=VJUMK\-:1 -J@MW6EM@BXU%TKIL#DN+OK.U
MZ,^%%FT1&#G+V*IK%0G8@B8/(]"DK^=86,@C<9784_T04&DIZL6Q0A-;_>%8
M6Z]HJ&Q7:=[>O2G59YY=G)Z<JX'1B>DT8))$*%-!CXQ<W@DLC#->HBPQ@LCJ
MFE",,%!C&JFDW[1AT#D&^:_S B&L"EF>\C'7Q5*HMVG'79&]:$/1JL2W\Z[M
MK2<X81UEZ'-@CP_E;1#4"(,*@YT:BB@A&5/E:IS2>\@4+RLMN9XYSM43LYN>
M4ZIED=*8R!1MBCT_Q P4R@R5(=%"L4?MN?2>[[I\EO"SI><O4>2AH@>_>A\"
M44YPDHB2N>8K]6N6F,PN;79IJ(.%8!NQ6H2NE7&NQQAA7R?5K,GDCZN*%Y6Z
MK<6-89_:R$O0H"EF'B'/-7Q&I37H)C\4J_?#XCMMIXUU^:D9'. JTZ3O_$Y5
M1" G43;VRFXC'P]3,+3D)#\8OI*\ET2K]!RP</.MKAS(A0%8MUE*^7I2>)0O
MJ*0D%9H6!K$(PTQE..+GX[R1U@JG@\ ..PF=TEI$I5+ZR8+16RIAI?P7W$<^
M/*$H-\J -M3&*",4=V0OCSMGGVFK;BO[3#N#ZG5SA(4741,8_*S"QDB<W^<T
MY:ML7OQ>,B^(M23 +D#']7767E*,1=7^-I,8G//+T6,^'$&]4LZ=83[+S^*K
M"WP($^=41,<8 O3JLG_0?I'J7Z?6[U&QN&KJ17W :!0.S<FA864>>0;ATYQU
MJB1$R_.8FG?:N\*MY./0TF15B\MC95HHEENJ1JIZ_)4.U>6MQ\P.[3YQMLO-
M#_-]F]^486+>HP7ATO[(Y:<6$H7<M!KO(?1)H/4T6%7G'AEZN7N/ZE.!1LJ$
MIJ&<6!)&23PT/OU9;R6^E6\6/HNKC^3G+8-R0:822=#(-=YAE397%HX*?#D2
M%OS4*DDDSW'1>?VPE\)X75A=US*8B(2]H_+4@'S[/SE3NWD@NL;M$C6U095S
M2E42U&.!YA\6908YV(J.@Z0MB71A#]CN0Z7++]=3&-^WFE U@[>(KSHW7_NO
M*4P!'X)5G+EJ9&3^YBBL!,<*W$QEJ%F"P6<5YHLP@3+R,6;"4JE-4HD5D,Z@
M>E65565D#S4'T#YT_9OB?"B1;':NG@190T)]L#:KN]*8H1ZM\*N_@]TT2-*<
MS9/_K2H;GR0E^JG*,@2KRY2KD#AN&%4R,[+,9"D+?YN79*840L]CI;@ACH\Y
MGF0^MO'!A'<3A*/.M:]R6TX#2 #3?\2>L%MY"#=V\)62QT4R13\B_,^[HC:0
M8VC,(=;&T'1-*?W#HAL6!&U"\^=*G1-'^>&,4>"$@0^H]ZIJ9P$^_@3;:F!&
M0!;K-!\5-9G!NZ:4ED'I*J1B&E^CIY,6%HN5MTSSWH2IV5SP/>G1G\579GQ\
M(];Z9LC> D+AJIEV819YW=.C3,PXTWR*@\H;&(/.&Z.'A!Y5B5]1+/U):%GH
M6-KRL6IXR4(NGK :^ZM&T=88 /4BV^X'\&=QF!3#1?#MB],?*-N[F-#E2WN6
M\WMKBY5379Z>1$#%E*X(W"RPDM]-A_YBFWK4 5^=-ET==@UT!M4KVMAZ.*24
MDDCAIJ_PI1N;7:>3XI/(5RCJ0#-]4C67AH+#R"'SGBY%HG%2RC2NY$0+;DUR
M&Y!!3Y]5;TUG)_N8T(T9430J!3>(^<Z8WT,>##UU!SW\E-SC)Z8LTE,ZK K7
MSB+,P_:_2,H2 DU8]:?#F MR6?*N8FN;V,S$%A7@4QG9>2*Z2HM2;@;LLHQ>
M&/UQWBBG"@>JY6]B7+ZZK::93) C0L?C20HLC4Y!B: KDDS?MA684;_//<Y+
MKA=M/U"\R9W"<X'TJ#PU3D2P= 0+03TK";YZUX1!^!$.-*)8"A9>I7*BYY29
M$$^2F+"6J$)IWWF[ 2%C.I<.DGDZ.YSR)D)!&R1A1\EQ^; ;;&@XGP?4"FIA
MXR4?DU_DVF'OH&HXFVPRLW)1J8!R-]9]?32Q% U[-KFB!!=52$$;RT_BEP(=
M?KBP>TTH*F=!J2Y) 1,"N0FVJ29/JO<VBX8VB0;6 CJ#ZB5OM\#&,; [.2^\
MW:8^"IF&Z0-@!1)1NIJ)=:GX(DDB+O U]3D%MPL38D7*%/F15*EJ+H9/E!@^
M03%\DHMAM9@9?*8D[0@#&0DF<IE6^/*KF.D@>L\IT@!PEF&0C_Q5:I"2BG!P
M$,C*K04K3W2#:<P!0,FS4#Q%2<TT8A#']A3);V9;E#8AM8R"]YK#+6P>NQS-
MI$IQJ#QQ7'1 )>];@OWB%D+]V(AI9L_76X*- H9JB*-3N?-2*-B/[N0PI6G0
M:AG<V#B#7W\)HP<01Q.II_,5_7A]&H"DTQ0^6Z?2.YG)K0]6ELU+:2%%I-LB
M/U/XI+(*U@PQ4H17 C_2F7F;AEV >0A):KTK?P^)Q\29@.*64BH&*(<7IR@]
M78JA*YV1?J%(36?#$SWF:E_1MP\'IU9HQF5(5ETAE0F?SV^R!?M*O9I(P6[E
MC,V[\!?8OPD;(J/::\8+FC28']54;1?',$BU"Z-O/.H)'I;K(9\#BKW!2(LT
MMZSL[QAGE(EJFB^5GU<MF9>4'4I>6=I,I<+YR(I)JZ05*R:=077)X PP'WVL
M+$" G-0].L B%H$R=\K>61J\0Y%YP(!I"END5ZD"GNWB4*O"2N7N;;.9KX)G
M5,]#&9VJ^ST'HYC:U_<E+VB%&5F;4+M0H1J;_FV4<^K:>%>NQU&43IUC\:H0
M<99V[8A[X0?D=9J;^).?))G=1GI%M$M5L>3M6+7/<Z1\M,J8*A0Z3- N3\#6
M.K%Q_JQ\$?+EXY&U^[*VKDY-D^3S<5XCJV@3&VLO#LE8#[2BA:>9#)ZO9C9*
MO_)57(V416K(5#:=5,,$E20]0@&3+Z)_1>]0@^9HBV%DCK7X@*KT&='=*)8A
M&X$J;I7U1[_M59Z4+"6@RUDV,^\H;Z!D-ON)"P<D2%AY?7FM$AT>-6:].8,$
MR\\-N T >JF-E/SWAC;P-UCLM#P=?=N^?9L*25NTOA,Q.H.3CS*^F^ZU,P0+
MT:9R6D,CSD<L.D$J84G:)OR^%@G<1&FP/,<TB*E0_<)UHSE/M0>Z]\G#AU6K
M)JJT$))$]Q69%2I6 L_,L'%I"KS$&L-0ZF>N_&4/$IL HD#$;E' 3\-L-E)S
M\6@SB7&.K5C=B;(4LZQI@\LM%4BR4PP&74(!'>F)$VO1D."<4H!EB,(EH>R,
M*F#U*+%[GA8NPJ4#^$GN6R'/F\F40;LK]LFIJXX"P@8.F@]*B50;=XQ'1O%8
M%CT%$=Y4WH3#0F/73T@*V<-6/#PJAFHUC'3OHR(DE\;DG'O4#ZAD:ZR$TFVR
MBOB8#DP5WB$4C*E_8E[!+J%6,847=@DQ<O=M.QF&>[*2X69)P05-XIKV-RLN
MJ.9RKV2F2^DJ*PI:JH2$W7F[["]GVCLD[:T8#JIP^GQHZWT.+BZO\JWN%KXC
M;#T<XZ$",4_@W.9?3T 9;LJ)\/Z9):G9QLM WW%E$.@C_>V[4_7W7-"T=OP[
MQT1LT$!3,^">GH!A-0%*'D5I&LT*'I)ZYDD-&_6 >?,H$.Z7'&[Z.X.G_@7*
MV_)W^D24]EJ\96=WL!+L^V*(?RR/D3D$GSGH&8^)E4=9 FP[>;7.MY!ZRS1#
M2RJ9@:05>(ODL$,R*C.=JMW0[=%T'N.>])GWOT'D(W MP[]]-Z3-HJ>C(4"K
MUVYJA<++6@/MAS3>F-V#:N9^F<11%GIF:__INA*LN"I)8#8XN!D /[*\ 4]J
MARL!9I:\- MN0 OV;QR;, (Y3K=>Y7RXN(RB+UKGIG=^N?K"[G8C%\\ P<5N
M0#!8 X+KWMGY:H+_EHU\(Z&23EQ%IM7;>)=[)@HWAW2QDM*7R8]+!WP&7]H*
M]BN@O8]7MN8H^^-L2QMQM/)\@G_9>M&=[1JK#:AM-;/0&5/2&_?F\REFG6RK
M'C:%A&\&9S6AW<V9717E[DT)^0UL4=W\V/)+OT&GN_.ZY*I9"<>:*)4*=C79
MC-9P][N;XN;6'C8U0<MJ.!SIW1RUB$J&IW4FCOWI OLZB@DD/M]8JOTU:!^K
M7&\ U@HJ-4'(B\/AH-0QO+JI,U0L+OD#16%V[)3F&#O'V!FY.XJQ%\V.=4B=
MFL#(K[IU3=X9>DT07:4CJ<#[2+HB2Z1NQ$#I0PG5(%);W2*!M)27PP%S#IAS
MP+R> ?.JL'.)@$:Q\P,^6!&[K6NPJJ81/@[2-AZ%'*1=BNH5;NKU48R&!&<'
MO?.SZP-MI*;!V;.+B[ULXW#1"HY,U-1U\"(.E8LMXFWL:WMY.'#0ZB5S%/9U
MN#OE?ECV/"SD]:]V1/#%J<_% 37I9M ,J-0$(2\.A^VHX]N"SNM4R!H A2,8
M[7%ROW $@U%].%3_C$W\%X=NK@E<R']EV.MQ5;VT'<S(:\&Q/8J@\G)JBV%:
MD.#@*97H2Q7=>J*C7?-<+F_&W]WK$9;PY5)]]=IX2=\IG_2R5RHM+[]I13QG
M8ZVJ!(7\0&J8M#[NP@O%0G=$@HA..]'3M$H_KRJX5$LNM;%>5<%=]!AYHEN(
MW5B$OG^-I>ZX QDF!(T/= R:OH4-'0'<'P.X.&H=;C;";$;Y,4^(<!R;<EB8
MM G+U4,2"B7"M3!O^@I2HRH]$ "[24T %:I G/C9B6H>+!YHR'.IDW#E5$;3
M\!]7H?9;_1*] ?KU%$6]8KG!>]%! ]OHHT)_0E,+50,-!WO-T[=&#)G>(W?6
M5DN'],LC;1(9P'J3GNDGJ_K1>MB]BOKV8['+!OT6^6HT[FJP2MT95'\('=!K
M,N S>ESJFDGV=[]3CU;*%<#>03,<K"+S051ZRCWR*SF;!]&CE$K#U+QF+AZM
M#MVXFC7>/L$!(\AC:+)+WG-C8=V*Y1PB!$%MI1.[!SQI[45G6'N*32]O.^OF
M"K)FL:#;2I^Z^.%80YR'&)=GG" 37/RU[M)D.B527RB<C#@.@&;4<0F0^E4&
MF)ZO!I&3%: 'I:LQ(*O;E#PQXNMI_?D92K&M4_\,TNL?*+S^KCJJXUO54]P&
M=S^,IB[)3?NRZ5$=(HIR+)(Z0*-<1O>+H5MKOV.+A2%;A>.>6)]43S_R:8X9
MC;D0JB_J5U_[&WIZ+I.ONL8I'P3UPE/>%C6#20)S(_F%^BTNH$9Y 9^?"Y^^
M4"1 8SR*MKG87!:GGW@RQA%1A=#)1SH8UX? L)P_)\M ]^&;%92M]7P:4H%S
M=D_@5+$SA?\2L3LU\Q;F6:J;7\%^]*\MR\&<E!H% US^K3O+ZA_";XJY66J&
MR;\RN7Y!GV2?RA9.NINP6ZOKM^]$WHLB"X@3>;\MD?<9:-CJR!6A^V_ _'D!
MI1**395WK-(82Y^I*-O"AZH<G#Y:3$=(H_ESS[ACF?,KV!9!<9D&UKTRRO6@
MPJQ=E>7Y7)@/!OL'NLD!J07<_Y5%U*X<Y7#B'&>AVHOT7I$T50,\E=14+>!]
MA J-V]+"OVQ\51@W3Z3(-.-6+@?$.WHSAX>]F9V]BN1*\6$]$:]4LY<N:*&7
MJK$!.$AL!.^DZ5[YW.!<F<XUYYYQJ'@^:-]I\*A6RO\"+3C*)E.C/H-,CJ.1
M%LP]M=5LA+%/W4]:32<&U1UGQBW/J_!#@&E&@]>87;2;79PQN]@3H+/0NMKZ
MUI?"657.24J*R+N[ERW-54.:4\L&W?2^=C=CJR[F$8>=F 3V0P*WSH(#L*1*
ME&,AY2",-:FI<*:1LU#/EO7*'"R('G 45( B1;&X?/1K @R9%@Y3TS/>"MI;
MOCP=VBF-K*=(4+Z 2H(2VBF8H<*EW[5N72?&X!-FR_\S\R;XB8H[X8PFH3I.
M4F _]_$5:6E57%8-JBU&X*J4-GCQ/ #"HQ=:T+.VE -RNS%0&\>(,+#T;V\B
M?WP+)'%/&07O<_4M^3F*)0#RW5<UB![^Q! =AI)B4$WW.':Q@T&FEK"/@HX<
MBY <2SMT-%4YAJP<35=.3E@L:=I$$I]7:*MY(BP%]/-H/=FUUMBC<9"YJ>*R
M($LR&B*B"(=LY+&F)IJ6%[J/F(BKR"K&B8P]M+@!\;ZR6\MZC7W0M=6NO_?O
M^LY;]*#'"YI13J46@?\&]"PGO@B=_XEQZO>Q^7)X^M-O'_XG_VOPTZOR;DNS
M!TNPHME/ '$Q4=)BKG)E!<6*<M,_4WG07G$'JZQRBD[-XPS)&*"B5GT"CIAF
M%J$DZ>?7-W_0>ATY++1A4<8BQ>#R_?>T*X*&;B+V\>9'@9&B\JMT,^WZ,#\I
M7IQO;*SYAFOX!KW4RL_3BD8I9V,D E(*DJD$W49%!T'<6C(7B,I"V ?RG*C#
MIEJ^6QA$[<AZ^I:&3'HF*\]^4B>N6)1;O')AW^4=_ ;[G CX[!CSX5_ID?*4
MD(.IYN-%L-CI./9._0IH6+-%U2BU>2RGL'.$O7Z=RN!9G=:R*_6AE..B?OE&
MD]AGZT2WH4=_JL1ZUD%8X"QG.&0AT0J@R% 0:Q1M0C!*24LDFW23*L$Y+FC!
M""PE99>_\&4A22L+9K)1XGL^Z!)FT',TER0<L33(]_)JF]_A^,!;[U(:"8V\
M':0^+?W_)#!+YUT6PR^=V[N\MND-B#D/%09/':AXEKX1/5"FW;[).<$5B9,7
M^]9O5KH.R&Y@@]$,2Z[">Q]T$#.F6B\ CSY:>A$)*Z6"E:<?IYK1RF2580N$
M"^\)A1Z5N:!$$* B&U5Y/DY9NX"?Z@F3(ED.*!1IG2BTE!RUMZ8R5).B\NII
MJ?9,/5!GLQ9Y_TL#2\OG,N1D$O]_ 3&N8JH1C2]=(<ISU2JU)%VN),3>DHH
M:D<VPUHS5'J4PE(Z-+ZN0A5 R!&F<0>KM:2D0NFSTZ\F="HB#76L(@5XZ2LZ
MYPH=T^A&L50GH>FHP S=HD9$^N015TO.Q:/^@R SC^)TW\J3#;$5EL"N]:MO
MUHELQ>I3 4+XA2?AEZ3@WNH[5'Q_BZ8%T@"\]VV4C=)Q%IBG=EZIU^W\XI9(
MY9QBB.T9FG$,T; *UB9DD]N]A'#/(#R7Q[$<!U1*LDJC&J'_W]3ET=3J.!I1
MQ#,7),";4/!;[%<O;?B4$54Z$I!O:47@X4L8/<!:(.#AMUZ^8,^9^DD:Q93Z
MA/H0*'FX"HJ9R/8 @+HD[H4?T*OE/>9+X;O?+AT>9=)#[ ,EA2?1>.QD<W@[
MZC1!OB^='6Q&A:?(D(L%'G#\-Q:GC"0E;TJL7=\N#+!+;F]+D=_DPVU>%O01
M]$OXIPIC)/NN1&'QT%2.@<1&]^=]DJ"+K* @M)1"CXJ_?@-Z_P-4MEM5]<8R
MHTT4\#ZO="S*''_.K;Q*>G@=H8/7=J#_?'OWNN1!]Q4Y@?&\KCRRL":5H:"[
M@DS!R,9_DLF!NO/4GY/-.B)\.OAH+%3*6VY4*QN"-'JL?H$]I^N]]99;' 09
MEJU75@Z"D>]@FI+*NRL*/JD@/'%<&:=HR:1 O9(L'76^W*>OBSG5;L4<_ET4
M5T[)FV 5<TXR,%%(4(;*0/_E]O:C%J*PHI>[#%*0C+01ZN="5CI%%LJ>$I2M
MI3+6F[[S3F"ACKT1G[J>S% J@C7\#B&'0"%1A\_IK1?OQUB/B0RI"B6)R@ 6
MU!-DU;$6L(<"57X%>6X" )Y6+_(24&7 "V<6>5C\BKU$X191X2N%,>8 6.%J
M;PB8; F\2^31"L]/W("B(29-0&V6CC'2H*=<SWS)X+'L60% 2)T\8 IE5>FI
MU@8TR&E%*DZ-%-T\N_R46>;+L,QG);-6YABNB#LRAALO%/\. L:2B"#@%H0:
MQ6LC-#8*MBU&499J?ZYQG.DX*UH7Y&4$;J&DB9)5E<7[5'5O^%@ASW MQ9$5
MC]0,O! @?>=C%B=9GJ&E.%;/6B&94LVG_DDN,)0(T3LJ+9Z%8*@DU-TE+<U-
M0<DSDT!5QX-7BQE2QWA.W6D+CJ4+6S')*XW]$-N.F?+*L9-DZ#V'4P0 HE"%
MK.VD+]VWQ5?9LZ^,)SJ7$@I6.MJ0@)A"=_7A]P-FZH0,2;V?V4QZ/KP-D#62
MZ-&L?"HISG'LVP?3T/<B)%[0OW5^&PGU\4)1:SGI+2]L+8Q8C?LLD7D1K.Y/
M@;OHV<_XZG6:]$ACRWT!YCVRZG34!6><ZN8Z]B%>_>0<#U^5>NZ4[T %.DTT
MQ<;GZA]_*^Q_HMT?GZE-+C?!J-J@*K)6S3"*- XDJG)Y=/Y-!856O^E;3U-6
M:I0:ASK6HAIGJY$EK8C83*@7SL^-&XPUBA?URNOM%"E)_#C1!@4K5%T7MYSA
MWAE4@V;UWR+,,![^E'8%W#$VAC/UMO#SID3."(U%U$LP0UOQ0\IJ0V%--J57
M,J>1H0&G1<=V8=["#RTN]3"5Y%*V8XU&6QKE1CKR(^2"&. &WI]H.83Z!1B@
M\R@104(J05&I:[8JD[[S.Y!+;*4)I/D6"1"QU((OEB"0@R)&61S8ZLRO% #,
MI8Q<6E\%X4$#Q<_[SO]._4 U4()]3V(5^I2IM3N2V84;Y%A[M)40B.58QEH%
MP//: 5SX=<G=8TH$+,1DH(9B7>(4DP?4EGKF'W3*135CE!OU"SX7HWIJA8>"
MS.;(NNB2FI8 9#,5G] Y(,J=@$=>>A_H6E5]25P4>Z[2NDE8XV]U*J0?JC17
M>+>7N;(X%'7V^@K@" "+H\<<W$;VZ045\ V]@FJ*,8^J,ZWU]QB3 \[EQMA>
M!7:4AU20B$-]9*W(%1A1R^I?Y944J@\,_JQ<3JJ[.2[HT?J324P]@#41F>,5
MEP"UA3$Z 1%PZ&".32X*[ W @M5S5-,^]BEDDY>T"%PZFU/G2%V(N_Q@TLMQ
M4WE(+%4QIT1,*5VK&/Q<NN%T_E#F)#C.8M7F3'$&U*;>Z^H5M:9^)5@!O74*
M%1I%QGY36D^D8D8A)B51O4F^Z9Y&V0P5*NU9[#E$U]A5<I;->NH:8X4,W=D"
M6??2$(YYS43Q,:M:)U!9 ;$_RE)I# :CH2*CI:[%FJ"5*CS$W<^,GU:62FH,
MIQ055PA>A PSEE1# ]M/R*EG>-D2:1?D/([A8Y"47ZJ8-:8B+;/J491.-P$,
MWOZ<M5":6?ZNW(^;/F#G(YT1$H-PCGU!L-$(4]#U)"5E85U5#@3$G,7D^LYM
M@/, )]/5W(Y$"/U0485-"N9'NKLH7D44"\X7^6C 6)8(/RG)@8:!)4UQ1QX6
M<0$K1"4^IG:H #W\?7Y *B.7J9*&Z+K(#_&K2(!N"H=W*.(8L]J7A3%\<J2+
MSNG'SS$_V)Y@)9/M"4;U\^R)##0?-0Y@E3&!;"+WQVKVX<?*G1=Y,B!&.*.V
MTE6-]DR03R6=6$4[:B*!E0+9<X)(Z.3*I:=[MO6AHE*V HR%0H+.KVMH3H(H
M^H(<S]*\,0V&YB4L9H^J<]!)"]%!KU&149.M(T4<8&L]7=F2FU2EM"&5Z:-.
MEV?6G, W)V#@H  8 0XEV#"6+96%H$8$5"JC?KYX7-/T -0-4.V+;")2),)0
M%LU74.YJ^VB.52G4Q%!^=:66(OJG!1#S(AV1%"=)"/92>&K2!*B"2N4S:4LS
MC#C_F[I])T6-<GZJ12LD=Z$7X@5U;Q5VE OZ%@E</\3[K7WT%!DH]M8S8,!9
M',I3Z*$?,(I-&BWL"0OK[ U]UI*.M*9$39U8"&^2I:;SCD$'.C$9W%0;KQH#
M1QA8%92!9:K]ULKLDFQ=D-3#4Y;4S+Y94C.J-Y'4/\M1;%Q_JZ6U56E@I9>:
M7N<!2!&;%^:\1";8 ,=/IEA[H":YG43C$Y2J=JK2IP^_EUQ7EMS,G2+"P9BG
ME(I78G$'? 0_U(X*96G21JQ0CTYK*9>RFL$8:M?:^T.1X" ";41/"AH,81MA
M.D6[RSRHV+J)$"G.KCN&*;Y( <S<T=53:R]$E%34,)\E))!*2=R;P1VV%J#E
MHBZGR5GNLV4#9AO=KLKFH4NEWFL2>]0<#\M$5DA0]5^NF&-:J5*L<N^>!BOE
M%9&W+^TA5"06J)##"7T)&+%2Q#:2</%#G656*$-)2D4@0@_O4'5!QF.@_%8K
M:I\2 W:M(&IM1:<K>SX9NKD"Q:*2^2>+2D;U%NE'YY:4-'6I[T.=F$)ULFLR
M=/\9^62,&/&Z4.I&FY+W$N,:MAS(68Z*#2#?23)@BHGTI#*2-?<T-EK5(GGH
M+:.05Y[,2J<HGZ#(-OZ49P$71[%E]_N?/]W9PELQU$F$TPSUGJKV N*%.E[0
M2$ KL*@C._<RGL@U/P:!Z,^QHK'R*+ EA9G(^%NML&/19!])4\QH$!4^+<,I
M/5'U1CM]%4X8Z?I&5&V4QS0/=>I B,%7KK^,$;UJO",8P'.X(<?^*Q-)40%5
MTYZC"*"Z(+A!\(.H//87GP;LDRE+6@<H61-1,J7-8O13^&T1D-(E-'E5JAY(
M<.S?OR)CV#5Y14L/&?5OXU=3W.+^5>$-R(%+X:UC"MN^LG.=<,9+0F-VQ(K7
M6.G0RN#'0',^L$8E+&NE3*CNJV4MA[Q*:[.9BPZQ"Y-P#%;+2H-R_U 6EU'"
M,-RU2@.[MJJB-TJK+L9])GGD#34@>.4,%1P#4D7.B5W\+CSJW9FHS'UZK(>K
MDQ<&<*W#S=93T9RB)DF4Q2XE+RZEVIOME&.3=!LHV1[>X\L'G11FVLWDKC<P
M)$##P@KUR-5-=G(_GYY49XA>1\^(0?KDEEIQXK[SNFB7AYGS\!(?R\9BY"<B
M>$Q\PH[);E^'VO(9$>08);+ +DH]]XHY2!NI?Q@XUX$HVJF?V*U_=&6U*-4!
MYI UDT(H?O9T%?2VI6>E::3N5'I9(#^,%T>8OE6S65\_PN[ /'J#ILT^JM=V
M-C?B\HKG1NQH;L2*-L 5G:+W-B1]=ZKS@;L4_P%6K:/JK8#B'YVS06__YL&!
MSWA,XC_*$N"DR:MU];>KNER?J"XA2%J!MT@..R2CLK%6M1N[<3FYK?29][]!
MY"-P+<._?3>DS2)S; C0ZK6;6J'PLM9 JYPPL*KK^W+?G_]T72G'XRI)8#8X
MN,&),O3 :[*!3#^@$],/J,@%H^*;9"7 S)*79L$-:,'^S?)0@FU7.1\N+J/H
MB]:YZ9U?KKZPN]W(Q3- <+$;$ S6@."Z=W:^FN"_92/?2*A6@ZK5O*+8QCL5
MI\5&H:CVHF561'Y_7#K@,_C25K!? >U]O+(U1]D?9UO:R,+DC$(OHB'FVD6Q
MS-9>"M2VFEGHC"GIC7MSEQ>)\MNJATTAX9O!64UH=W-F5T6Y>U-"?@-;%*L&
MR5.$Z:^4.46.!.<U.CMFY.Z&*[,2CC51*A7L:K(9K>'N=S?%S:T];&J"EA>'
MPP%I9'A:9Y#L3Q/8UU&TK_4;3*6:T%V7+L%Z\Z]64*D)0EX<#@>ECN'539VA
M4CF[K@@J/3,P5!U;N@U3WQC6=[E=_>XK57]Y/X-=@2&P3/636GXCAYTX['08
MAE85O"E=H%'L_+ B E)7EV]-_>0<ZF@\"CG4L>0;+YP]ZWV!#0EQ#'KG9]?=
M#G&<75PT.\#!_KVZJN O8IA<;.&U9IOUY>' KM^7C/3MZW!DUV+IE#*!BSE-
MID^F3ECUM&<P'PPZQT)M_#%?G/I<'%"3;@;-@$I-$/+B<#@@=:S3(&L DXT=
M@;ORXE7["//Y[+?4^>,V]'XMANKIF>W>A_ 3OA@[*6%R6?(9]\ON078/'HC)
M!4W-V";?)?[#N#6=W 5WH I63E%O@=/O5ZRQ=%:K.O6"6[UV4S<L#AL"MWKM
MIFY87.W-J1?<ZK6;^F#Q<Y2*H-90V[6C&O^E='Q.K.>C\%&>]\J]1S>O5T2U
M]L: ?EZ<.Z[[<!;-!9Z,PUU:AO%+B)7U =&][>S[IR.<*X*\+QI*>"%H;8O'
MNNRCT_0T.'MNI64=\'=1$SHZ,$??@(Y69%[4@B\=&%I,3PVDITWX4EWH:!^&
M7!=4;3X*'Z5AMASY!XOP*3M:^"A\E!>YG/O/TSW:IV>E)C[ZE](K:V:9U$")
M9-)@TF#28-)@TF#2V%_Z*?ZUL[PS8R;QK(1@3WV^<K16I]AQ,BTGTU9PA%W>
M\9=/IE7%T)Q,NTQ =4ABJF/J%R?3M@>+G$S;!BQR,FVSL<C)M*UTP?-1^"AU
MCO%P,NT^DXPX^9&3:9F>=MJ^>;7-67\R>BKW<3$<KGYWQ-F/+\R8ZI(%R=FT
M]:6G#1A37<B(DVD[;S7P4>IX%$ZF93+@H]3T*+5/IMVG8Z4F+GI.?:I+ZA.3
MQN%)8U#K7HQ,$<PLF#1J0QKU8!8K5:CU[5IWT%"UNE/K;Q'F((K@=@:Z69I\
M&'_(TB05(28;OI6Q?R^P0^S'*/%I]@7W:.6TT@J5_8#9&'> L4#. (7.6Y'6
MOG/Z'IG:8L(,;F)G*:FK\H .GI;[>_^N[[S%JQ83P ^6E+LU!.JPAWUA08F'
MC1!0M]O(C* =)/C;A_]A!L ,X.4'RY@-JHEQ]  HNZ#?.6LG(=K9&+M)<]EV
ME2>FPYV>GN+_'V@S-9T0=]T[/[WN79X_#88ZS(E3"O$\E319O)+\7BC<\#0Y
M-25P@A1QOI8BGD\$ZXW^;[+-J\W]XF?O0Y A&=I1R?OP+@53"O_]8?RS'XK0
M!8O1K)N['MCL9[/_0$)]ERK40?6E?-#T ?33!E6-MM\&VW W=2A;JF.Q%\\0
M;P,*VS-#?$''5E$7I]">MD\<PW^]%@'H5M*YFTJ9.K]&+HGLK17=17?/LU7F
M [WHF8 OD;A1WTY()#E:@3E!=1N4KM-EPM@=05E8!RF;.IY,8,<")[E&,7WR
MKPP.,7Z$#3DB<4#7GN __4+#KJ-@[.:K7\HE6VN@,#[J )3]%ZZ>+OF4:YM?
M6;-"P[.KJ\."[D,ZE;&#V1P8Z1:D?S0%6#6LRN11 EQ$UT0ZZG 1W1/>]=UY
MTO+_'PP1  OF!GUV4%>;E=FW;''NWJ>X3#H*-B=I-->>1OV!0MY&WL<5_L#]
MFJM["@!Q$="+**UL]K?-UJN)F?GB:E:]0A*U @W#X3DD4MTFI5VPX6K3EZ?$
M_<+GUG7C#*2K_#J782([#HU:U$QQ.1V3QBH/5RW*Z;XYQ^[M+A+BGLJU2ZRU
M\Y43>VD98\(:!H=O0V_IC292S-5WG(;':7@;N-#^D")V))":YW!&7IT%Y<N;
MO^T'1+W*P]I<))5G,3:C1*I>Z7F<T[AGK\BS?.P#]K$_DX!?$*S&7G"BL?.+
M #WA^-<H25XYGT _G83 O0"\H1U;K"T0.3.L-J]F?!PN4^_R_*PZJV/Q)6DT
MKZ7#NBX9:9KKFLF>:OF+RR)GIN2/.(@A7:BN*;V5GOA-ILZ$.'5 G#J621:D
M*.K&H(@BX,N8(.<*8 #K/C=0+>N"CMHF" Z7=K1O]^GI:O]IW3*[.$%P<SI:
MVM&>Z>AX<+YZ7.$+@>G5)L[X'7H BO_O7^'^C)CE&=%[]'4LW-)U'H_U<9?]
M!$?LD,S'.)J#WO3X,1!A"DN\^U?FS_$M'$KA4,H:RYUV:^SV(AO6?!(KST_I
M,V7=[UV9W&/7@E'L_+!)>.%)O\>W0>^0SK4]<,DR<]P,<&6%H7FPK(HS[!BN
MP]/3*R;%_9,B X[O\/[NL(ZI,"GNEA0/U?&PPI+<':;V!<(W8NZGL&>,?231
M.'T0L71 M8&MN],0(#!Y=#R<&Q^190#W(-'NS2?)=-FI56M(;,O7GO#9U?_
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M$MN5D[AH-:S^7-,+=_LFMM7-<-_J86VPP&V2R#2Y#;U??3&"-5)?)OON@[L
M)+L[+K< ;7H+T-*ETU=173IS99_-!Y:PMJ];W,8NGK3LFC9I#475ULI0!1PJ
MY/U!05.O#IM/'[T"A-T@%+XP7;HPFUKMW;XP6_E[JQ2&^D/"J,NJHR0IS#]N
M2!OU/]PN D?-NMI;G[B%2&SAD9@N&XO$E^UN7 &@S2![,##^)E,GFDNTY\.)
M$T1)XK@BCA_'4?P@8F_30-]"L]36D,\6G6_K?^8=-C6N_V%O+C;-UF\!9K^5
MFMM\PJ;B=&?-C>M_U+/337,^&X_5&M8-UE])^23AVWOX'58+"M>-L\U[#;2&
M)#9!84L/V1Q&=O7\CH7U/UUWK<A]X.VH(:=LSN6[&/+E.VRKX\U#,_55+J@I
MP<E()-(KM2;868BF-;2US:%;?,6>"X;&,-*-.[\R&3 +8-RWD05LZCOM-!6P
MD\8&VB\Q!H^\Y80&-A9;2/L-MQ4'O?/3Y[>GJ__YV%73$;PU\O9=7EPS#FON
MJ>D/AA=^^():!JWPJP2=XO[9XZK8,NN:3MYZR^QXT!N>;>KH;B<I;%K#S;>_
M-2CGVZ]O_\5@TU29=A)"?3H$M2'V]3E*15#RV1QMY[1A%MN:F\4L5KN&KKJM
M77'XBW'?>1ZP<7>:3M-!S5U8C5"XG*#HCL,,ER]:-QGN_]EZS@/3 _,"QCWS
M@L[3 _N\OKGE2@_62)GA=NV";5IAVU(^RXXNUK6ZBONN7WWV;WUC+^6U_8:K
M&BQOU1BYU%LYF\U$_/AA_ ^3!G5KLJ#RYW?82'ENP&Q\=*?T?QJ0SP:[:4C\
MB/V$33MB^NQ>Q+Y A)<^-2T-S8>KFBC;;9%M2DQ2$5>V"J=/EKHVDQ),JUO;
ML]HL5_1JWG,OY14=G ,_E"?3!>  ?4S\<.'*_# OKC.WON;6UR_.=/^0(G8D
MO,AS=!?L,O<T7:N?:DC=7MT,@5 A54;YT9^&0X4ZTK;^N3F87HL I: CTC5@
M>O;+BW=MTTT]W]Q( DL. 5Y.-%ZSO><M_@A7:1UI\'UA.##?6 6F6]@/RO"D
MAFS#G8(NA\[):.=,PXV2E%IH[7QE^16[9LAU\.2KR'!@EK023&^EE[E/\20F
M%X8#7YO&6 !@ZH+N[["N_FV4W8$I(%N,4*K_86I6PL[3%?A(3)>=16(+C\1T
MV0(DMO!(3)<[0N)1S9-(=Z9DFQXS!Z/I?)" 1_X6Z3EC^'51C^/3\&O,#)4J
M*92'\?%U;C(26W@DILL6(+&%1V*Z; $26W@DILO&(O$ PTLOAY<;#B_MOW _
MR&I(_N/9O2$[- *QN8,M.S6R=//>;BW [+=2<_M/V$2L=NJ^7FT<M6T!9OF^
MMA&K'1HRO'U;B:X,&UYQXK:?KXD8[=!]W:;/>>/Q6L->+_4'&E8U=\TEU&R,
M;7S(HZI3-H9U,2[Y#K;SD'P%&WW(%AZI$WCC*]B:0[;P2)W &U_!AA_RL,WJ
M%X/G+SU-D?-A^6HPE^L2*EMXI$[@C:]@:P[9PB-U F]\!5MSR!8>J1-XXRO8
M\$/6>BQ)VW+96]$AB"<3X))/9?@</>_XC>&AP][9:;='G._A(G3RT$W$?<?G
MDFR?H]M.,F 6T%W<=YP%' ]Z5S>GG:: 3LV\X$O/EWZ+RM=VHO\9/I5GSB/;
M8)A8:?A8/K_L;BIB^5HDTOLH'F< D=L'$7MW*?S@PYPZEQ=+)DDV4Y^5QYKM
M<$R9.6^PN^E6%Y=7.=)YMM6VLZTV\O,53Y:]>27 /ONZEGB#.83F"N7O#,J1
M>RQ^IX%#/&5O%WYY%E9OU<W?&[AH8V;.WB@*O$9!\&F6^61 H7FP/$"WG76]
MR)D4=T>*##B^PR]1&,FD^ VDJ!7PY\8T2RG$3P4U=X>:?<'LW=>YI*1AT(-G
MAZ:W.O*DIB"N5GQW7X>\[ ]H]D[">.3;UY8S-NCVG?+MVX'*8*5!E2&6=WBY
M&52Z*FL'KG]$@4C]P$\?-R,)<\#+9AQOVUN]?+Q6DO_R@<]7M22J_Y&O!QW!
M[5^V.^=%NZ_H15/1^.PK.FCL%1T,SCJ"W+5WE!T5I3)G/_GBC&,I'3],92R3
MU(E%NC*YFHVF=IWQVYC7T2&Y5W^;V$O#4+BA4E'_@_!]:XF38M#?4%EH(@;W
MJ1^L]$K4'RQO_7L?MN=MXYC:5X"LCI=WU^3=D&,?(IS\@E43C&^^RYTY-M_E
MIIZ;\R^V@=DOL8#U/)%*9RS\V+D70<9.C08A<&751PMLJV'_?,-H21,QQYD7
M3<1:F^_;6?^J\_?-4@^*\BC\:_X-Y4$S$4_\4)_8*!*G]'][*18BWPI])HOG
MUI8)';H<*(?QG.%[&/A6%/+MM##OJ9*_-]%L+L.$%K%7OG53_]Y/'_=6YL>U
M?5S;9X.Y/:4$#*4Z.7@.5>BS&T&96E>_#)*M>,O>4 M+CO ?OV6SD8R=:.QH
M>4'8'>5X+B%]Q\I$4V!T[(=..HVR1(1>\FHC #$7J0.O7?:-MAYP7'KY)%S_
MEPXAO9-;4)/$1#KOOLK8]1/I?(S]U?T\F4KY>K\XX/AZ;W^]/\F9 %LJG#AH
MZ,;"33/04S[+>.:@9*<2J)7]O)AXZW;KVPXE-J :8QS$S@\E0^%V,HGEQ*2M
MLQ%EP^8]L%X_3'S7^4<> V<(L9G9ENP4#8#KIE3:?<C2) 5*0[U(I'F+,V?S
MQC1<_=O. S>X^G?0.S]?V9B8T<O7M<8'WC#SI:FW],@ZZFG_9LL2X,9B]=L+
MVEM^O([@L\'U^HQCOK.=Q"??V;;AN+LUM52((KU#>^OK0M_M)>F&Y\0/KVX8
M@WSOVG+&QMR[L_[UAHZRSJ"P?2?J M::=O$8D7S]VG=&OGZ-.^.>&S74&D(F
MXY?MX=:1=</YT_%PTP[6343AP=-LZTB+34%6)^[;:?_L91U01_7#8:T1QC>O
M)3>/$<G7KWUGY.O7N#/N-2B\K[:/#<K,?X.CZX- >LX/\$ \EOX+!**;!+ Z
M7<VNP*T9Y79[!5Q=.MHV#G!<!LO\K&YP8W[&_(SY68V@Q-3%_(P)K@%P8R@Q
M=3$[JRO@F.#:D-?3)*BO:92QS230O</MJ&Z XVO.<N6@@!OTSL^NF=980ZX%
ME)BZ:C',ITGP@C?7H!JR21!C_L7\JYYPZS0CN^X/ATQJS,AJ 26F+E;$MK8D
MAP-F8/5S3AZ@ 4^38*[+&&D 7YU=DW6#&XL1UH</+$\&YVS9LT)<#R@Q=;%"
MO+5G\G3#CLU,80?E7T==!!.3%ZMBSP7<9?]L&]N(28TU,69DK(G5!E[LFMR_
M:_*'%%UJ^-=??\B2DXD0\Q_OW*GTLD!^&-]-12Q?BT1Z;Z+97(:)P,'I=VGD
M?M$SU&_=U+_WT\?/N,QG@/GK +[\K_\X^NOR:I]D(%+I?10Q/!\+6,VE-<J_
M=5S8-/SQ28[_]MT;]>\_?_[CW9^G@S]OL\F?.+7K\^GIG^H_GS_\>3;X\[^S
M #^_RC__[K_P<)Y_GY,*>0XM0/^XW8R]O&O\Y162!%%7BF<8PP)FF-XRS04R
M38$$DKEP@:CR 7O. Y!&\:E-94!>@9@G@%7SKY^<*)Y/X54_.D/:2/2@_IE3
MP"8S_9R3!SGZXL.N<9/P;?1%&GH]S8_D23>*"<F&7OW03WW\_>+W^AZ8[[]S
ML/)='^EOWYVJO_5MPK\W=H:SSUM?YC]P7*\CX=A>[O N7W SEK-BGN(A=1?:
M?;<&_/)TZB?A^B*AF0Z2(@..[_ >[_"&(U*;![ZZJ.#[F<X[&-PLS71J2C.K
MUR+ 1DH8Z!_)B1^&6) 4C9U'4(@VHT:> %KO [=\ JC-06\VC(8W'J?/)6*>
M)5C/ V][1YL[0O#L<LL[VEB<UB!UL6$0^R@>9["[Q!D].N_??G:B$'22J0C&
MJ)"D4^F@9U2$CX?6DNO"YIJ(TUI9B_LZY$T=@K^UPF#[3M0%K#7MW@U[@SI4
MA#5:@WBJ,PM'>G]Z(Y*I$\NY5D]Z\/L451+AW:/O)#FXUZY!L/MF7GO44:*K
M%0-O$N".![WA:0VFT#8)9H>/8S<(.'52%[L"MVYS,-!K;VJ@US8)9FLY6!.=
M;$T"OA5$E*&W7?BPFQ!CF<)YW8> U]DV*25,7UR5PMR+N5=MX+5Q0@<3V#,]
MQD5-"OVEJSBJZE,VJRBQJU%^C<+)K_Z]]&Z31*;)Z\=?9#2)Q7SJN[>Q%/NO
M12D#0W]Z1)2SHQ*5X<5I_SQ/4. BE6V+5(XV,LFL1_,;7[I<^LJIRV6NYK/O
M^Q+6]F;G;U1*LG!P6FE-QFY#8?$TYWH:#A5R\Z"@.4"2^.\ACCEU[E+@Q2OC
M3EM?E0I8[@XL%6BI,Q$=DF(:!IH.W*^?HQB.'/+-XIO%-VNG8/H<I2)HQKUZ
M84K1YMGS=>/Z0P)-PY, ;4-'D'%(.34_;D@>]3_?UCRA67?Y)8_'1VK"D9@(
M^4@O?B0FPKIH*4_E'2\ 2;LAKZZO^]?5ZOT"@/J#X84?;J@#[@MP&S5*KS[I
M8*@.VAKJ6'G"Y4A-_<^\,FRWXJA59]567?T/.^Q=K*YF:A]N___VKJZY49Q9
MW[^_@I-ZM\Y-DC'X>ZMVJIQQLF_.F<13<6:WYMRD%)!C[6#P2I#$^^M/M\!?
MV-A@!,:.;W8G&*3NIUNMEM3JSJK/Q\_A(4KU8XW8IIY6LH<JU]UU>7]C]5_%
M,7B((DT_5 ]WH)ZW*K&5A(]-K@4M(Q9BLU-O(A_>LB(VFO,(HR-2F\*$ C_.
M<;0K# =C//7SIAX;#7C2A),5.,G^ U@!HY9T;^*D!R<;<)+],=H _;S=4.<(
M'[$FY'E$$P_; B#)D"P,-AF"% :<?.!8DR/6^(UWJ(Z<RZ,5Y1&R]"'D=AJ"
M1\/D$;+T(>1V&H('SF1^QR.'=_B1=.?G:(1?>@W_EY*3W8,T4JWSMAZ;9/ P
MI'=R$8Y0;D<]Z*KG#2-IK-,A"N\TZ Y3;D<]Z'2,"#Z-NEQWTT^Q2J<3RH]S
M+G7T)Y2M\WKS=$)YBE,XR?XC6X'J>:M^BE8Z68&3[#^R%8#E4ZU:/:E"N@76
M/"^I_'-C1L]YMM)T&4<7<Y7>.B:G6-V)V%_<T<AU^D/"J>AX'F?/OB3FT?U"
M;+LWEEE/.X[U)^&<8+7*[8E+ZS&)2^<)3<\TWV%!$T+V?*99U&0C8HO?SBZJ
M9Y_;>K52J<Q9S4!P<7PG2-BZRO>[8+\ZS/[MS.,^/?N4FMI[UWFEPJ-6\..?
MS!O>N'Q F?R]RUX9:+Q5D-B,2GJI)61@C\"HEFO'\9C%;-^#L=NGIL^9QZBX
M?C=MWZ+6#9@:K/P*?* .]@;7A&.9>O&-<LE*9^3Z8+ *$6BU7E^2J!+2RXG%
M4T92KB;K&^B\,_%T/1K;[H32O@>6.# N=W3T3/E) @5) ,S!'](</,!_.3/A
M7U]L(L15:$%0,+$B*<%@WLD(+:N27FOKQZ%+V\$HZ6C6:]76203['L[+,JE7
M\Y4(X&>"KQ+DC7]@XB>\B@_("]75V,V5'JXF5]0QAR/"?TJT^L2FXH&^4L>G
M]]0+@'GZQEW+-[T>[U/^RDPJ7_WB"UB,4=YSZ I^8Y_31?2,L\^5RUI]CMTF
M5@\?DL<W-QDD1N4@(>F8)NHNH&)2]HI>LE)%:1@'B<HNBC+D-"$H>K5P4!)8
M[OT:E \#26*#HC</$I*<#4KM,%')V: 4/_?D!LHV7MN'R>MNPR*YL4@QS_YC
MO=!?[WULMC>8]J1FL["P263ZVR(0M_<W9Y]A'EG/WR%ROD[\!\BYNBDAEGF]
MM,PKL_P%"[Y$'N/'X+P$@[U<_E\L\T9IF?_(@UV=A[.;X*?N#W0WIMR;?+.)
MXW4<Z_IOGXWQX/"[H /?_LH&5 TBL1U=31XGXX#-OCOPWG"'T+&F_^R">MBN
M?/&+*SP1LO_Y6_7'W(=+P$0BGJ^%!P!ZU)I^]TH5Z4,2[F/?Z7E#$#V\-N.^
M>J[5S[7FN:97-)=K1D6;4,)% D36L;B(S519'NC8Y?(<N$]?\$/EQ\#3=M=Y
M)]NI6:19XG/K8*%5.=[ @_<(PSWG1_?6,4'G'\F[(DF>?7X<4LTC[]K8%0Q[
MTYC01I0(6&A8&O$T($:S"7^APM-(<%;@#K1GZM !PU_A%?CBA5.0 L>_':U>
MT<;!JD.SV4]J3X(O@ $-7K/9/]"R/X:N?#N0GB:HY]GR@/]2Z[+!@'*P+L#B
M,_7>*'66"!3PUT]XQAR-R!\X]7P.?SA62*" 1Z;[XLB.9 U2J@V80QR3$5L3
M6%LR4($W9MO:"[#"B0U4<BJ (OS"=2@JXLCE%&F7#;BV[;XQ+%]+L',3 VYH
M0(7-R#.SF3>!MSC^!C)"TH"#,9F@G,_A+0#4ES6%L<F@C? ]^&G@ _E\9CV7
MWY>=6!1@0:'@!S+)SSG2N$+,TGLSRB[G6IA0OQ95,BP;^,7G*)@):ALGIB?#
MD&X(XW\0VZ==)DS;1<59JYH=\=0;K/>CMP<K?.]W5T)/EH\V4Y*X?^Z>9DU?
M3>Z" 8=:></IWSZ2(8WH[)V%-W"2!5)!7N$<N]#0[)__8:#4W!Q.ON*,L]S6
MK3/V/2%_T%?F7XGTAN/O#PR6L1ZLDUHJ1[I:"K5LIIG_UZB"7FV661>VLU<*
M72B'B3H0L!*9J)->ELI&B:]3)VU?KI1>3Z(/&^DL"9^ET QE%NO#();,;)VT
M]$CM5WI'JYQ4ED*N);(^!X)8C/4Y(:;0=MP1#P-K)[U!!+LNY>R58.RM4!2.
M,6_QUA% "3*/9Q;!087_X@OO\<W]/\K=GD/[>%XSW8?&=BXJK8OJPIYM(L++
MR&F?CCW)UT9FVQ?5R@[,RI.8^</OCD6Y/0'=4AE.OK,@8]V("G@1E4IP9VT+
M"X?$Y7WO?R-<MFJ55J-V*%QN4=7C$6=B1M=*M)94HC'3U#K2Q+WK=:F M_ 4
MK2/^0ZT7:&OA!;F6[\Q7\R78W%?#2#F0RGF3L:10S1REHA5K\R)2'3/E04SI
MXNIWPIROKA ]1PE3JN\TKQ'XA5XSED2NF(7]HI,J1&'=<*C4BP+G"QDS+SC]
M#^[343Z-BOF=0Y>%#'_@=GEFV4:5<@ZRVOM&36_OS,'FF)QB9O;J<LJ(S20I
M)CXK^$:[J9KX G7?J.K)J$^N-P7J?5-O[$A]QS3]D6^CD>K2,8=F9=P+_-NF
M^ _X&'QG[K%_@GB8N(8+D5*UVHI<&%=$_=X0R2KY6B5ZA3X'1.837Y>)::A9
M;Q D6BK"33%:>LQ,O(8@E91G=2$NJHT="7=="R/P(I[&(R>.L*7DIDT5@']S
MV; GIRTWCC++1:^KX D&&ZP"K#^(*5\)OBK&%-;:M>BX7T.*(F(SST^M^F[$
M?B,3[MJVC+DL$EVYQ;)*\!IR%!*=V0&+C--41%^YCB^*!;EIK"-WF1 UE&9&
MMKY6'59)E?N/X:]=!K.OO,E0)*BZKL^W?.,H44-J9JN0C- (Z!U+IMT7L)@N
MU"+4UFKK*C7J2,Z\^]E:.T4D(GDAUKU8[6VO(WF5&G4D9T4YXN&EH1B<[P$5
M F9 8M_0@I&.K'<WDZ28^.S[^NNGY^W$R[V'\/7IKC$K&/G*\HIM,TF*B<_N
M8Q@IB9?V_8[^\P]QF$-Q?0FK31[>PY&9R1(1'K>&67C>GUY>DKG/>@/9>'BT
MR(&HJ^5N$X75+1Z@;F1"(:L)8N24L+KF*&,[!T'^V)[O"8\XF%6Z+-);36<G
M;QBV,2_.#FSEB48! MZ0JU-R]4!-;)@-6+ $@RXBC*K) I'#F+Q8&I3;&8GE
M>>7-0)KE8#Q&G2_F^IR0G>5T/[-TD'^X'JCK V:)5WE;=NC:%MZL=P>:9%SK
M0./8J2:D_0.*- "%>39>PG0U#R_Y:Z^NA]=!*=<DV_*ZJK>NM:O-K;D.O?#@
MP5#>(I7-SEN]U*Z).0Q[B*-O1";:LSP[1B=97I$-VHU^MTS).=X&)LY$9L0_
MGUX-=L?3&ZUS9A;NFL9((W*V8%)J"4RT>2N$3QR3]@8+'ZX577#['Z5W1R9K
MI;?Z/%Y?@]Z"?*);QV<#'.)IU%%B)F8C5&:)"/N>YV;J#7IO#JC!D(W[@.&^
M68Y--):<A26G#A24H/2_XC5E<>-[T/X=<]C('WTC$WE4W/5ID4Y>S5C>KDM'
MXMZ9 _'9> #"21"D^T")?2UOMB>ZHUHQCHGYZ7%WF&*D[X\QO4+'L>X(F#:*
M%_]I!XLZO,BAD @AHUHL0K?.XYO[ [->%+/&V4T#YE26@<5L@T _1@AR& IZ
M9*HK B=PLS@E R^WL(X-(6[[(C&M-A\ "TJT,3N?Q>ST&\U=ALG^V,EF/:N5
MVF&SFX.EK.[F-&S Y %>N7X?4T=@1KF<PR J> *T4:K+Y*BD.TNP ]+=:N]&
M-T8[($7PJKP\9]OT)=AC4;1AT <5>R$CHMTZ%B/GVE<V8KCF'C!<SQ/-)F_"
M9["P?@&U$\&:&L,X<:']3 >8@ H?71%.!"RYNRPH?@'O^-S#LG3T)V[)D?&8
MN^\RF98]T?ZM7S:T$;-M7)H3H5E P L508HLS!?UE^\$F:4P7Y7ICB>RE![\
M,,#[@4$BKL6R<W$@;8"R&_39=WUH.3Y:/5S4&A58O'($K[:ZJ(T\WS (Z^"N
M-"+^RE:Z(H7&W!'%3X*Z'_B9#U^&"@4L7TFA+)Q]=>$?PF-F 4%*C8C1S4!M
M<4QGCF-JZLV2<!U&3A4@Z;IA9.4Y)+8PEK/*N;U22E !Q^&"//P%W@JG@:LP
M?V'^DM0;D7#]S12I)3[S]1 C*^W40H^K&. WK!2RDY,>RNWDR-U9<#F_NF9Y
M,,I,5!Y(S49Y6<9O#$%*2<]G]":@O!L>VX4#?7_@7QC+D4?)",N%E<QNC-%2
MQ4I@Q(J4RH8!JHPJI6:C.SMX7C!F)4-,$6VYX%:^(9]B@)1OD"<@?O;* P4Z
M368'EYIBONQ,71E4(M]S^63^/2;4SE].U=9*P79U].\3F.PZL%K*OE!DUML5
M14$_6S8HVDDXCR,P7]ZRWZ=JU'/F[LL0MYMOG:G9@!>":W.X3R7?Z& 2>MR:
M+L02-QM)&$Y!=>$89!7Z^KVGG"&(NH0X[J=5$3PL85" [*OK=AI34UH,LYG7
M28G47 &O]ZYC!44=GFT:FOT["G3@K63@3-9AB+U7K5;"B>2;F.""F<\J\42&
M/&_F@YKG1 1Y.^!)8$I<4?B*I"BBLU\UCUR25T)X B2"*R#67[[P"LM;E,B)
MC!*6#R^%#+=-K*S,J_,#7CS=(YQ/!BY_(]PJ)I5*-9(V*05]>;*5-8:E7==S
M80O^,7T6CL8'*BA_I6A*Y<TJ(*$8P=6-S1PF(K4@9C-?VXQ<EB^$V47K"JV$
MJUJ1<MY0?R$Q)1"IV2@%3%DUIKE^[ZTPG(I+AM6HK]^I6R9%$;&9[P+7(H$?
M.U";</FL/.F8OF6FW+Q"5L5&9@D8U2T31S(^9KY/\%%<<)QR\U>K;MZ7GI&C
MD.C,F#?70YZ,:/A]X;)V3B@G.$G9@0ZEX>PKBKI S;[5+X8FU>3GI8@)R%^U
M"NA:3;VL*V(GMF#;KY=OS;NY;(D3D98/+ZHGE3VRHGQB4<S+ER'6[K4>7?2]
M<.,J<-N*WF'*BTC5^_L[T9F<T>ZTI&\1.TAZ,Q)2F92VG/A1&JCPW;%D*/RS
M[\%:A' L7RQF94OZ_K-@%B,\ORDW$G7>BD2=)Z=OF:MYY6J87::KJ5O<;:;"
MZSD+YXEA1IKB/9N\B,SI%E]..VE/_:'+O4?*1UWZ[,VJWH>']['=;[U'5,?+
MN;%7+C=MN^V+97G@G8GAZ)6-K/R"769!D'A76<P'2*7:N*@TEXI#)25AD6RY
M-?(<W1I9N&IV-9F_$EX3ZV";L[(/X'3Z(YEW [NA)E@8%$J2HE()YI3/WQH_
MYASF1VUI,$DB?,!$OVMT]X++RC;::B]7:7KYP\5LOUA*)(]0L36I0_1+O1I!
M+E^>R@=A*M]G;?:5EGX<$&(MK!M.Z=1=*$('JPA@)3<E7,=2V?#+I( A?LUC
MP&^J[EWVRBP*2YG<]&^#=UH&CG;0B#PXZ@5,_ XOXAKB&^7,M?ZD>!^96IU7
M\*]>J/P1_:C-E:^R+9^?P)=[DC1&;&_ULJG"]N[&:+DQ3KNDC\78N*P=!\8+
M>3+O?5SYJ,J6*3N9K;FN1V/;G5 J<[ %72=(KQCLQ=>6%UO*.=X_G F6LNK@
MC!2G*36<RP,C_@ [==5357 :S;92--<PK!+/&Y</*,.T+K,^]HUGCG/T]3OE
M)A/DV:8E'8QZ3:WZK'"<DVV+3%%AM_0;9\I.U'8 >=.$7;ELJUA.I8.BK.CG
MHN*;T-<OZ^URHR^RN&C;)5" 0=V\)&BEL3+JP% J@VG+!RN&RF4US3!0BD=.
M;D1PJAP>'1R28(KQ.P[15%<43I0)H5!RMK)U=GB@(\+P8!O!YL3T?&+C$891
MK$I^_M;Z8=SI;16G,[OSK!+R>"G'=:_FG"L%Y(T?M3N]JA#R'7C.R1V\A5Z8
M(Y@9OPM6E%59C1:+Y/3)C>V<U'FYD_5:6RYP<^%;B>8&*]+>(*B!TO&]H<LQ
M)F<#J'KKZ7^(LPKJVN=8+_F>C ),']_<QZ'K"]"5/GOW*'46T 6GY=;!,A#L
ME>)7 =J[%I^(*0O3:.MJ5#\.MWT))96FETPHM5;S@(32L2Q9C9K8B<0S+[AR
ML(.F7E&TV;\=PG)(JF=Z:R6U^CR[I/QG0?_VX?GU*_QG'@^W_#RIJ*KU0D45
M5/+9M8_Y&G7:6WQ5BQR]4+WR8UJ32#$G2K0Y=1QB@J)KB<$Q*D;CHE)?BE=4
MQ$EV_8D[[+J&L8>Y&^;]%8O:QA.&>IBDN))5YY)SKT0-I<URK5D5/3!F7'Y
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MQPY8K0P.AO6XV[#F @=W,PQQZ>NRG8X+X,TYN1"AG 0&O/;KM)V,'$H1'=9
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M9&=E+3(P,3<P-S,Q7V-A;"YX;6SM75M3XS@6?M^J_0]4YCF$P.[V=->P4X%
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MYMRZ.[^!&..A_@8>Q^<PN^NV5 )-)FL7RWXS5$\\ZYG[:/S#7U!+ P04
M" !P@EY+B(<WS_,C  "+= ( %0   'ID9V4M,C Q-S W,S%?9&5F+GAM;.U=
M67/C.))^WXC]#Q4USU4NJ;JGCYC>"?FJ<8S+<MBNGIU]8= D9'&;(MT :5O]
MZP<@*5D'3A(@DFZ]=+ML ,PO/UR92"3^]O>71?KN"6&2Y-DO[T<?/[U_A[(H
MCY/LX9?WW^[./_SX_MW?_^>__^MO:9+]=A\2](Y6R,@O[^=%\?CST='S\_/'
MEWN<?LSQP]'XTZ?/1ZN"[^N2/[^09*OT\^=5V='1_WZ]O(WF:!%^2#)2A%GT
M6HLUPZLW^NFGGXZJO]*B)/F95/4O\R@L*@A*N=X)2[!_?5@5^\!^]6$T_O!Y
M]/&%Q&NY:)FX6']FLX'OC^H_OG_']!7B".<IND&S=\V/WVXN]NLE67$4)XNC
MILQ1F*;T4TR(GXOE(_KE/4D6CRE:_6Z.T4R(<24 $_U[)O1?6&M'':2A/Z.,
M=8T/,9J%95I8E&V_;4N2YHLPR=P(6C?=2<ZJB0\+M+A'V*:06^UVD7!.A<%1
M>8\^K(%;E)/7>A=IL[R86!TR38.53"N!5(W_$3^P^6+TPZ<?ZMGB+Z=Y5%)X
MQ22+S[(B*987V2S'BVJ.>O]N%QV3BK6!/D;YXJC")6V@HW G>4;R-(G# L7'
M8<JFW=LY0@71DDQ<VY58UR&FFIBC(HG"M)N,VTU9%/BVH/]EA)'I[+;(H]_F
M>1K39?7L]Y*29RRTHKFNO1.1"">/K"_EL^.2)!DB),SBVW*Q"/$RG]TF#UDR
MHSJB'3"*\I+VP.SAF@H7)8B<HB),4C+2Z\=V/F4/\'0MQ60MQ51+BCOT4I2:
M'=#J!SN"/P\3_&N8EN@K"DF)ZV[5?$(+C+2!SLS@Y(G.:D_H@NX <6DLG+2!
MCL+5H\U$FNT:-C]OTONX%3M/=HM%4E3:I<.7SE6LPU)3X;6[:DYRRF8Z"GI!
MS9<%N@M?6@U<<>V.8E6S^#$U+"CHQ2/=^51+N=%<JFC"I8 F*M1JJ*.P-RAE
MRR1=SHOE'0[I-R+VD3:,:S;54>#5&G"+'IIMW1>4/^#P<9Y$&UL[DZ%DV&1G
MC3_EZ1,=K!%&<5+,PBA)Z203&PBL:*+S2C*CZJBF%)S<EPSZ-=WYF:TETB:Z
M#K#RGJ#?2TK5V1/]SSE&B)%TBIY0FC\R"NGD8R*N48.5\#$#F#!<EU32+0RT
MFZ,L1O$*!?M":P.E<ACET=8'4N:BR3'7+*M,LEE([BN[K"0?'L+P\8AI[PBE
M!5G]IM+GAT^CQB?SE^;7P7JW3%&A"_HC67TE#>]16GT[$!<./KU_=^1+Y+OP
M_K7KR,2M"@:C1M17)B=X6VAJ&:^::XQD(Z_3#.<+'84UG\Q5TN:8VBV_O*<U
M2D(ER:L],9N:W]66]\\1'6VT\YVE53TZF.KI[/WZ[VE.EY)?WM.]'?+(TTD:
MDI4Q-GE)M'K8;IU@[(0]B<=&PN::(063/!!B4OOF9U.ZTRW/'X>8_<+!9R>,
MB+R1$CIX:N8SPT?QAB@)3E?.9K?4;+NTG7'S"D?(4>\442LLSRIA)U^W7-$\
MBO8*!]^YH8;G&]^GA=__!7QP90<T5E[E.S8AHBD<?#] (C9D;X@866."H.CC
M0_YT%*.$D? =^X'I_KL-W=-?!?66]08])*2@-E]Q%2YXFS!1T>"O/O6NLR&3
M2>Y9ZR=4<ARF%]3:>/DG6DK5OE,V^&$X>N>(WBA^W+OB)U3JF$E^GH8/ H5O
ME0E^'(*B]T1N%/RY=P7?X9"%3-PN%_=Y*E#P5IG@IR$H>$_D1L'?]:[@DQ*S
MD[OSA$1A^F\4XK,L/J4@!+H6%0]&GX:@=ZGX#0??]\[!RN5S1YL5Z'VS2#!R
MXZRPK.L]D1O]_M6;?J\13O)8WL&Y98.1&P>#(XWOR]ZH_@=OJJ]'7"W8.?T=
MS\TC+1^,''D4W%# E[^AX4?/-+")3Y^$=>E@Y-4\;4?!MO0- 3]YVJ'_"Z7I
M/[/\.;M%(<DS%%\04G)-4V6=8.351#7;LLLPK(TF3YS\FJ=E5H1X>9ZD"(N&
M!+=L,!J0N<J3?:5[;Q9KO1V[08\Y9O$*#)%P5I)5"49#,F#%$%:$]&_)UJ)5
M?>.$@GG(L=R!L%4R& W"K!5)OM)Z_^9M+=%U>9\FT7F:AX54YQOE@M$@[%R^
MW"M]]V_M-@.P\IE6[M7;>8@1F98%NR7!3'+YY".I&(P'80%K EE1)#2&C[9#
M'BP'08ACH0\1$(<(B$,$Q"$"8@#'[8<("'"4'"(@#A$0APB(0P1$KTQ,"*$[
MU\D]"Q:(>!8>OR#\6 BQW."TW_A<M$G8*>\W/F)?OS(>.*(#FI5",I]D,?L?
MNTSU%*;LQM*D. DQ7E+CL[H.)YNH=.K[#;(0LB"8OG01P2'Q!D6("DHW^>0*
M%0U2"6G<\GX#-0Q)$B( --%=8_08)O'9"[L:AM2L<,M[CN,PI$4,P7I$6'M>
MIL4<X2U@$E+V"WN.]C!D1""_]?@Q2_L!W7V YP 00Q+V1;<>7M9EFLH?$2Z6
M[ )@=<F-+GK5G3HZL4IG*W$US[$ANMLS)01 B\F7/(^?DY07<KE;Q'-8B*[V
MM\2%N3Q<Y5EDLD*\EO<<#:++@5AV< N$<F7P'/QA9A-N1GM 6 0ND_">W5%/
M4)6\92\1CX:=KMO$ $)#6D$"-(5MR*WO9Q%7\AQ-8L2"DD@>-CB6?),BB5R'
M2V;<:NR*N14\1Z,HU"V8&,5(0/&#2Q3O Y13Q*_C.4*E+4L2,( VS*=HAJA@
M\0UZ0EFI,9+X%8*Q5VN_%4<2)( 6J=,2W>4;.8FTQI*X4C#VZA%H1Y0<#: ]
MN-&$QYL<O#H$6I$C0 %STZ['1C#VZAFPNY&KP !:<#82_DUV$OXI#OH%M8*Q
M5Q^"!;94X "M1JU,7HE2QEZ=$1:X4V #M#9=XV:_4XFL.K#FE [&GCT24DT+
M3]JX,."82ALA[<H@@IVBP=CS]946A' Q %J>)G&<U!^_#I/X(CL)'Y,BE)TG
M"&H$8\\W75J0(X,":!&BQG6Y*"MSH/+,L[2R&,U9$"O+^LP2]E[FA$4\3&=W
MX8O<YV#24O#9\UV9-IRV@ AHU;IAZ4HS%)^%.*.[(K(!AV5GC1)Y (^J<O#9
M<TZ*%HQJH@)D@?$>0##8+0:?/:>Q:$&2 (7U7"WNSK(ZG&$%GZ'X,2P8T&*$
MJA'FZ:[A]ILFAXN'AXN'AXN'AXN' [CE=KAX"(Z2P\7#P\7#P\7#P\7#?OT[
M:9H_L_WL>8Y/\_*^F)7I*NSE]4:+1D2)23L#NK9H"@L0M=O^>&JI3'$%/:Z<
MP=<(5VE=M,\E1 W SPMMC@>0 W9;Z#H3SZ0LYCE._G@U8)7L[5:$GV1:'P<@
M%RI/V"J1H2E3=27XF:KU, #RCVX<BK68$C5J#R#-M2D:0)[4O:QD6G.AI-8
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M59@&'M]A]\EE -$>*KX$CF<9)#C>KZ[O]?J.^9"J61!?P$7QAB@!<Z!FAQN
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M58B5BCGMAH*1Q]?9.W%G!M&*P=B=O>J=5=GSS-T:#$8>7VMWS28'*J"+Q09
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M!A(QDK"AX :H\T.TVA\UU+@B,V>V+N#V[BKR5C9VYP@0TN <TW L*M7?"1^
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M+&!JFWI!EY1MB0*Y9K;=86MA&R+O]9S],LR-KSQUXX$*OPPH;'2N+$!*FR2
M9&[">R4%'() J0]II37@0&AB(%-IU$8WG4BFUK'C%[UK%J!H8>0:C=A@AHXQ
MK+AP++8E,'E3@G-_5HL#JMY>&(. 7J3+IZ$YM5Z6T5S:H2CTGL((J6>VEW<C
M?VN!%E[#Y[Z?;%EDP.("&K[P=E>FGM0,%Y0W-:344']+6+('1N!6'6E\3+V
MLI"Y("D=@22S.C,0HL!B!AO=T\8-1HC@+<M=2C=>&)11SJ6L6F81CCC^F L?
MT3^.,)L%7TQAR!U#^U1@(P4:X7KE$:?$A#K&<&1%27-1#B_CC400+<\@\R(0
M054^"T\^PK#+QE0XAF!&4\ ;3;&:?=Y%920-'4P[-CPAF8):TTV5$/9:BA7
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M=%R6KXDAM/L&7ZJK@Z 2'JC.1OOZQP#VWGD::%_@SI\6R39ZE.<$LFN#,N5
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M ,WL=3L*@%JS*OLUCX-[FH>R*5&O2C-SE(!U9A9T-WM2+%G@(>M2TO!I*S8
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MVD%RCD8RVU6MT 093-\>/R=V@;<*&C3OWT:-4A38(%S1M3T)^9@DN)\QV-*
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M ^.L 5WD, QG>QB;\^.,>#EAQ^$!YJ!D'*:*$X2"'?5S!/Q1RX#JZQ;>#+$
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M;^:L_:AB_RR<<N/0Y)&^\I*"^5,FJ@M,+9@-1BA39D5U>PW26?.TO !E?K4
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M19^1IXH+?L4%X-<5!Y9ABWVN-7(,%N(Z9I+%;/R]EU.'1UJM4&(*A-1T&YN
M$@7A.) ]J]J/Y(JRE T%U^C^@N?HVE7X,.CMY>LFE,U)^,L1[X=PY@V4&/UW
MDVYC?=V#BL=?D+MH<T(+K[SV<AG!!RW$H?2\"AEV=K;'^##H*7]GBRTF]:(K
M2K.YV$SV<:[M^#!Y5@7%QFJZAR<<P8Q(%$B=JB6U1Q$TVWK'/ ^ZI'C>6[*5
M8FNWVHH,Z#3V7)1-^0=])'KLD4VQ0GM68^I5)YDEY%'OW#&#X $.;-WII<7A
M)7@P/(CXV1_>=J'L?;AFDUJ[H&GX(IX%^!0'-(UV[&_2C%3WOA5GSF8O@T^V
M%I">%--QNM4)+II5DNH#!;)? -FOH(@(:ET0E/4CX$^;PW%[L<VSW(L#SK#E
MD1GC;X5+P.)\ T'G##A./3Y_KAWS1(I0;5U(:3/GR7Q"):7;O906*+U*2M5?
M 4FCCHF-L+JMQU0+F=1MW=-@*[N3B-6Q15EX*?4Y_EA+ *TY&8VO _BD:K[2
M#_'GZ+%X( 0LG;]X822>8-^;RK1$B.ABZV0,>7RF-?^B\2,5E\KA_)P=F=>8
MWA"9%B"--/_4F8D+NF2$!&(!X=.6+_*.B9/5=2H]#JAL80=EQVI3#"?U\80#
MH+M69?+)M&DR+0(D G@19GZ49-N4WKBV]+;!#)TBL^*"N>CNX<%KKP?[5!;I
M) NT2,3^/,GR>^HGJSC\0H.>!O@8&3)+W*#56*[YL0VOA*B 411'NI)Y0-Z&
MJZW/0+"[FW9)=?$[1YB K^BX]<)LQ0'M5!24=5_3P=JH4O.ES+JPM2% \G+)
MT6.'-KTG;3 B>\^MG6I]:V)D[2GMOZ?+VVYMZ" EUZUS91L&:"O92E6'!&)M
M5JG^0M9OY0SUF.!52BEOIW1!7VB4;'CRS.Y),CT"D$/-#IH:Q_K%<%(;C^KI
ML@'HZ7C5#."$;Z"/!.YGC+5(?<"EA9[:BSR&.>\%?AT'X4L8;)5MMK6&3H$$
MVI>H:&ODZ/DXGI[?C\3:6D?[N8R\2CL&<+'[.<R?A</CT=5SN'E,+N/<NO>.
M-5JH -R>_M88J!C,'_^0P_$U[G'\TMJHW!9G[[#I<KV)DAVEF4,3Y08LZ.%Z
MDY)CP:I&  5$R-?N?N9LL7PT?D<G_=VGLL> O?7P.&7D\*9G%PJ0+4PG79U9
M0NBN*B/0]%:SLP'MJV(O5%U;@@[XWGI3MI.>^__<AEG(31?/\R^6XA<I#:2[
M//>R9_X:X%62+C:47Z>*5S>A]\3+*4)J5YHVU)2@WG(POBG[>]<PRV.TQ9*4
MR,N8CJ,7+VN*:K-J!E*; HN+'HUA>ZJC$:EV=^[C2XI7DQ1^),DWK%XI*51*
MBL\E9<,EA5>/)6T\0U8X-JQEZ@Y)!IH/P"*?)_$+3?/P*:*W2=YJC9N.:8AI
M0"*B0?@SH-6M82<"/71X-0J#ZE1NF/:&69:D.Q*/0K!]$GE<H; WL'Z-78)'
M2.YR#&=<U"'K '-,;43'C%]/*U =S#:>:-S9;OJR,!/1$K\ Q@:>;G0YF)4[
M[6!QM*AP.,MUGJR?PMB3$S(!#*AL8B)J398T95,_/'NI9;1G@14TN+.A7BG0
M-23D  NIH2$2#Y:@K0_AAS1R+9V1;!SJW".T0;ZL7_NR_@'5>>W+2MJ115[6
M>MT=:)FCG-(Z+?)GFEYY8?J3%VV-*W7[SH(BUG+A3D\K)O 1CI (C-C"KR%8
M(JA;>^EO-"<OHQ#9/PX;]-.;F;E$?/HE9X[@"M+0S-EDF =I]E-,7=UBL=*V
M[HVM=11V.*'J6BPI-S&',[4]1- 7KB?!;<%<J]$#J]]QD65M\8X5PBE#F:LD
M[7O8Z3#+J80R#>[T#&5X4AWQ >80''F@$9MX-2,K&HN>EORQ!2]8AW'(#_9Y
MVYK3C&W,9<$LMN&Y=/Q'E,XF9-#0YFB*20UD&5 MEG*G>9UE6QH\)E6=U]!9
M*I,9L6>PC+C6UYA6.T*>K9?3$#D/>4R(LJX0<?[+B6V-O2//;M,"X"2S9/VD
MQ]#\5IM*SB[))1)*Z<F3BG\GF&,SMUB#Y-\,IIOJS+,^OUGQ2.]CE\XI482Z
MO?G6Z^#TT#0C*"P!8)BNR 3L* -2<$R.9 ^M,I[BD_&MQL!GN%WS"2,E&7G#
M)OYW]C/[SY.74?:'_PM02P,$%     @ <()>2SJ;F!YK/P  ]Y\$ !4   !Z
M9&=E+3(P,3<P-S,Q7W!R92YX;6SM?5MSX[:R[ONI.O\A-?LYF4B3M9)9M;-W
MR98]R[4]ELOV)&>=%Q5-01)6*$+AQ1[EUV^ %XF2<"5!-HGQRUQL ,37W0 :
MC;[\YW]_W03?O: HQB3\]=WHAQ_??8="GRQPN/KUW9>GZ^]_>??=?__7__T_
M_QG@\(]G+T;?T0YA_.N[=9)L__'^_>OKZP]?GZ/@!Q*MWH]__/'#^[+AN[SE
M/[[&^*CUZX>R[>C]__M\^^BOT<;['H=QXH7^H1<;AM=O]/'CQ_?9;VG3&/\C
MSOK?$M]+,@C*>7TG;,'^]WW9['OVH^]'X^\_C'[X&B_>,1I$)$ /:/E=]OE_
M)+LM^O5=C#?;@$T[^]DZ0LM?W_VU6+'^HY]__#GO_1]3XJ<;%":3<'$5)CC9
MW81+$FVR.;_[CHW[Y>'F:/)L#/2#3S;OV6_?2P=XWVQRER2,28 77H(6%U[
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M9_C,Y(,8.!?)9D/"#-GD,]H\HTC&Q;/&\Y]@N<AGB8!]W-E;8E\5_Z<4+_(
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MO0Z>ZSI:UZ$U].-=?7WK&(.UY0OHT'L3TLT#Q4F.K!!V>>Y$41?HQSACMLJ
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M:N?..N-!FVCTI: V/-@+IKFF)+.U:?>%,O74/%2-<-EB*&RX8%DJ-_6"V7.
M5QF'KJDVZ07_0EY45L/4TO.-1@)U9=3EL>@ -T;JP$$QV]+]D='I%GDQBJ]3
MBA)]QB'>I)M[;Y>72$J11J"IT4#0=J<:S.9+C3GL;T=H;L*G5\+(*;NO&8\%
M;>+J6G2.D;MQ/FE"?UJC"'G+1*J:&H\%YO())4$GT&'3#G4J0,W%!LS!%$I8
MJHZHS;V'NX^NEYE30;T5W;2\ZWD,Z(_@NC6^M;S^O3K0'RCV(N>IO.Z)M%]O
MC?>Z&=^5Z!RX"[!DRP?J["9!@/(S2J;TBSN!IO>WP7,Y-#?4]Q.,4V_CK5#\
M2-+5.E%5\U;VA7H[:$L"^ A;#+IK7\>JY-8#<F/8S\!(=9+T@@@*R:?#Q(6Y
M-.4BDU*I*8X-NF5<H"6)4)7<]!]Q@GTER%JC0BM?"O[PEUM#O X<P34H4!10
ML"M&Q:#0\2Y=25$%K@M^IC4H\!F'A!D?;D(Z<;JBLKH/U5%R7^O/*%D3^IL7
MVD15-+W#64![EG0EITWHTYJM$$))&;UI*77L5OG3U7Y6Q0WV H5HB1.>!.H8
ML6H/.D@=I1E<!U24@@#%D7E& ;6DB'I"*QO-."N5%AEDAT0"+9B'5AV1$/2$
M/M?;% D)9!=TT )F%D5"U91;^J4ZDB'O#^Z<VIY\J(%#)WOJ0B>IK7> .ZRV
M)QD2Q*T]]G8H$--BHG:UU :C0H=#UU)3&^)UX00J25 H7^8[C-X T/'5#3DM
M%Q\U="?>O/=P<Z6L@:A(!X!VE6U75)307=I4CM2S^O*B,PRTEVRK4J-+ #>4
M704IZ^LOX(ZPK0J)#+0+*J^Y. @I,D23J@R,M5>+[MU7SU\MQF^O%O96!V]+
MV3=]0#X)?1S@? $88&[\D4&^:MB%[\2=0(!30*E):=!E"DU*I[0[]*<:CH[D
MV?@.]!N*73E2R*HM@CGP B.@"5^[YF;:KSD2] L-H,#)2.+"55< ^W+-<B?<
MA*5R3AM,XA@E,7.(S2D:!.0US[-F*F8&@T.__0!*GB&57(@2%%#BU#[)MO0I
M7E)0E(.803250-6(T ]+@&*G0QK88B6MRMH=8;>_U$_P<X *ZG]&K/YQN+AB
M#GGTCA=NY*D5F@[=F[>H[J7/B$:VRJ\,1 RSNB077HP6EV3#?I(?$R2V)(OB
M\:%?OWHFD')"V2H4T\N+\2Q9HVBR^'>JZQFN' 'ZN0Q0MGBD**3G[T[L:8TM
MW<"/8IW*AO Y[&<GS.(?WLSB]9)0;$G(-H?9\NPBR,P2V'NFLI9@I.7%;S[:
M( W=-7$Z8"*4(V\J(26MH'WXZ[&WCJQ4$#L@'6?X#@DO6 R\%T6[)8E>O6@A
M4^P,1H$V'&LS5^Z:H(G410EA.V_QLT)!>:"<C%X06V@3WX]2>CDW$1:M :'-
MOK;E1ANT"T\*&NBK]V9*@4+GC6M9.-KX'+3]MWWYJT42%]X8SFCS*:)[N8E\
M91V@;;2V)60/R@57NV:OECH/;L &4=O<YR-L;%__F(M"R#)J(?/BYBVYX^:0
MY7GNQ)V@[9666,\'9LMVW9/%7[D(ZJWW2@=HVZ/52ZX8HI,*9P6CWC(7] 1W
MN&]+"(1@G?+$_NG-Y%P#Q+DNH(%!W&F0!F0Y'"<\G\\AL@VE-$M<>(%"2];J
M#VTIEO-1E_<"8+:JNZ,($Q8B%R6]%(7+M1>MZ*E!F!6 N>'D!H3:HB$8#]I4
M;%]4)$!=T+KDX*>YTXP\K;3N$-#F8/NR<8RML=;5BXMV-R<*L&6VO1/%HE]M
M?J1<A0MH#1RH=(<3>OBCOZ:;1(!F2R8I5$K75&BFZ 4%9,O<Q2KU+<N:,T_D
M'D5+$FVN290YEPDK;=O_R"#U?+OPAUX^N#8%+G9/=':*0M]6QH>^4-@5&+Y0
M6B/4-RN/C C*PN56QH>^M5B3%>NB>$PC*%$45,BZ8UX[N\<_O"1!RS0,A?6T
M):VA+R76>'/,>@5B!WR<'M<D2IY0M)FBYT3CX.*VA[Z'='$0"8';,E\ G2QG
MN)1GA: 'M!.(D$&:_#R@Z-G^7&1S$+I;RO=KO=[0/AP2;G!V9'U,H#NT@)]9
M%H6:W-3I"^V48<9+740N6(D;G$ZW.$0W"=JT=*G<#P_MZ='S.^41G6SY!]@Z
M*"HF1\W2MN(>X-X>MIC$V7(4J!W0ZK^$"TP1X><T08LK+PKIUAK/ED4ZB\?T
M.<8+[$5R5S#]0<"2,.JPD[\'&()SPLOA2Q@AGZQ"_%?F]U2ZN9>EM69AA9)9
M',;AM8,K'L:CS4>019%KRDD]E"ZH*[4"XB1182/(\LBUN*\ XT((B!CBU=<M
MS@/ZI_)\CKI#S$>0U9$M"P 'F@N9H 1JE_K!6-YQ/@(R$=9GO08@%W(NY7E7
M,A?HHMJ.;*6?-9Z/@,U^&FP2+&T^%@>T_T<4T#%7GZBN$E%1#Q>3Q0:'3-VE
MS'E!:I]%O0'F(V"C86W6&^"SI<>!E+I_3(C_QUD *U#5^X,KRFQ9G<X#"IB?
M'O,+S2-NG]F$[[U=E@9*I]!5HX%!O)GVLSF*/#[8-BYV9Q.>,*WCVL,1<Z!#
M=-]*-YDH,D4$^10GL[B.9(NZM8]">SLU%P#1$U&;%'/"I, /D3\GT84)B7XC
ME&\L%FNG2"3?P=>A?:Q:E>WV2=?B\3E4*7_ \1_7$4*E":E+&>=]&]IK:Q 2
M+B*<&T6Z6MD,IO@%+ZBZ"K&'5[\-[9HV"/D6$<Z626N@\CW+J?.)-F0V__LL
ME.1WA%=K2JL)!>6M4/9+9@/<T[4-::\W$VC'O-[)?GTRVK+U]<\0,'JS!/0@
MKDDITK%(IO7#FAI^P]E[ODT"#3O.),>B=@,_:@=]1[;*/[Z(G.$=-IOKT^E
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M5VOE.V">^8U$K3U2?.,EK+2KG%OZ IB_/.Q.QR$";+ETV[N:*,7;5>&&?""
M]8U._]-@ONV >Y\A=5JL\S2$[3!S%",+O,1^UN4F]*.L@Q=41V(>Q&WLE0:?
MGX^!3/&P&ZDIA6QEZ8.\A-]'Q$=H$5]3'IAFA%;VG8^!S/A6Y$@/GJV4=>"6
MF#C/9JW:>HIF\S&0-=_>%E%%8BOA&C@7FR>:.&3F>B)TY^LL#%;G\_,QT+L
M[,%D2B$W,J;MO=I0]()]Q*?>'0E?4,RBW!FAXHPBIX?U'4G^A9('Y)-5R P_
MU<U<Q[FPS>_/QT"/&58DNCL2P:8R$]QH=>'_EL&O8M(B0K[(KTE4_(BUFX6\
M/1AP-O/Q$!]"H EF+4?90._"4Q3[$=X*;#8VAY^/O\GGCU,*6,L,UMMZ1B>Q
M$1D5E*6V:@TX'P_QF<,"9FL9M.S:E?F IL6$LE]_H=NO^!E,=X#YAR$^,-3
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M/</R[,6(_N=_ 5!+ 0(4 Q0    ( '""7DM[T;$=2?T  &NV$  1
M      "  0    !Z9&=E+3(P,3<P-S,Q+GAM;%!+ 0(4 Q0    ( '""7DM:
MUWAD_PX  (NK   1              "  7C]  !Z9&=E+3(P,3<P-S,Q+GAS
M9%!+ 0(4 Q0    ( '""7DNDEVTI!0P  -3(   5              "  :8,
M 0!Z9&=E+3(P,3<P-S,Q7V-A;"YX;6Q02P$"% ,4    " !P@EY+B(<WS_,C
M  "+= ( %0              @ '>& $ >F1G92TR,#$W,#<S,5]D968N>&UL
M4$L! A0#%     @ <()>2^!T*!QH;   A+,& !4              ( !!#T!
M 'ID9V4M,C Q-S W,S%?;&%B+GAM;%!+ 0(4 Q0    ( '""7DLZFY@>:S\
M />?!  5              "  9^I 0!Z9&=E+3(P,3<P-S,Q7W!R92YX;6Q0
52P4&      8 !@"* 0  />D!

end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
