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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 3 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2023
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation The Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. The consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2023 has been derived from the audited consolidated balance sheet at that date but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023, as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Operating results for the three months ended June 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending March 31, 2024. Principles of Consolidation The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of Jerash Holdings, its wholly owned subsidiaries, and a non-wholly owned subsidiary. Non-wholly owned subsidiaries are entities that the reporting parent entity does not own equity instruments in full. Noncontrolling interest is evaluated with a depiction of the portion of a non-wholly owned subsidiary’s net assets, net income, and net comprehensive income that is attributable to holders of equity-classified ownership interests other than the reporting parent entity. As mentioned in Note 1, the Company holds 51% of equity interest in J&B indirectly. The Company consolidates J&B and reports noncontrolling interest to determine the primary beneficiary of the risks and rewards of the non-wholly owned subsidiary. As of June 30, 2023, noncontrolling interest was $29,954. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of Jerash Holdings and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Use of Estimates The preparation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, in conformity with U.S. GAAP, requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Cash The Company’s cash consists of cash on hand and cash deposited in financial institutions. The Company considers all highly liquid investment instruments with an original maturity of three months or less from the original date of purchase to be cash equivalents. As of June 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023, the Company had no cash equivalents. Restricted Cash Restricted cash consists of cash used as security deposits to obtain credit facilities from a bank and to secure customs clearance and labor import requirements of local regulations. The Company is required to keep certain amounts on deposit that are subject to withdrawal restrictions. These security deposits at the bank are refundable only when the bank facilities are terminated. The restricted cash is classified as a current asset if the Company intends to terminate these bank facilities within one year, and as a non-current asset if otherwise. Accounts Receivable, Net Accounts receivable are recognized and carried at original invoiced amount less an estimated allowance for uncollectible accounts. The Company usually grants extended payment terms to customers with good credit standing and determines the adequacy of reserves for doubtful accounts based on individual account analysis and historical collection trends. The Company establishes a provision for doubtful receivables when there is objective evidence that the Company may not be able to collect amounts due. The allowance is based on management’s best estimates of specific losses on individual exposures, as well as a provision on historical trends of collections. The provision is recorded against accounts receivables balances, with a corresponding charge recorded in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Actual amounts received may differ from management’s estimate of creditworthiness and the economic environment. Delinquent account balances are written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts after management has determined that the likelihood of collection is not probable. Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Inventories include cost of raw materials, freight, direct labor, and related production overhead. The cost of inventories is determined using the First-in, First-out method. The Company periodically reviews its inventories for excess or slow-moving items and makes provisions as necessary to properly reflect inventory value. Advance to Suppliers, Net Advance to suppliers consists of balances paid to suppliers for services or materials purchased that have not been provided or received. Advance to suppliers for services and materials is short-term in nature. Advance to suppliers is reviewed periodically to determine whether its carrying value has become impaired. The Company considers the assets to be impaired if the performance by the suppliers becomes doubtful. The Company uses the aging method to estimate the allowance for the questionable balances. In addition, at each reporting date, the Company generally determines the adequacy of allowance for doubtful accounts by evaluating all available information, and then records specific allowances for those advances based on the specific facts and circumstances. Property, Plant, and Equipment Property, plant, and equipment are recorded at cost, reduced by accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization expense related to property, plant, and equipment is computed using the straight-line method based on estimated useful lives of the assets, or in the case of leasehold improvements, the shorter of the initial lease term or the estimated useful life of the improvements. The useful life and depreciation method are reviewed periodically to ensure that the method and period of depreciation are consistent with the expected pattern of economic benefits from items of property, plant, and equipment. The estimated useful lives of depreciation and amortization of the principal classes of assets are as follows:
|  | Useful life
Land |  | Infinite
Property and buildings |  | 15-25 years
Equipment and machinery |  | 3-5 years
Office and electronic equipment |  | 3-5 years
Automobiles |  | 5 years
Leasehold improvements |  | Lesser of useful life and lease term
Expenditures for maintenance and repairs, which do not materially extend the useful lives of the assets, are charged to expense as incurred. Expenditures for major renewals and betterments which substantially extend the useful life of assets are capitalized. The cost and related accumulated depreciation or amortization of assets retired or sold are removed from the respective accounts, and any gain or loss is recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Construction in Progress Construction in Progress (“CIP”) is recorded at cost for property, plant, and equipment where the asset is in construction or development. CIP accumulates cost of construction and transaction costs involved in the progress of acquiring the materials for construction or development. The Company does not commence depreciating the asset in CIP account because the asset has not yet been placed in service. Once an asset is placed in service, all costs associated with the asset that are recorded in the CIP account are transferred to property,plant, and equipment for the asset. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company assesses its long-lived assets, including property and equipment, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset group may not be recoverable. Factors which may indicate potential impairment include a significant underperformance relative to the historical or projected future operating results or a significant negative industry or economic trend. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to the future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by that asset. If impairment is indicated, a loss is recognized for any excess of the carrying value over the estimated fair value of the asset. The fair value is estimated based on the discounted future cash flows or comparable market values, if available. The Company did not record any impairment loss during the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. Asset Acquisition An asset acquisition is an acquisition of an asset, or a group of assets, that does not meet the definition of a business, as substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired are concentrated in a single or group of similar, identifiable assets. Asset acquisitions are accounted for by using the cost accumulation model, whereby the cost of the acquisition, including certain transaction costs, is allocated to the assets acquired on a relative fair value basis. Determining and valuing intangible assets requires judgment. Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess purchase price paid over the fair value of the net assets of acquired companies. Goodwill is not amortized. As of June 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023, the carrying amount of goodwill was $499,282. Goodwill is tested for impairment on an annual basis, or in interim periods if indicators of potential impairment exist, based on the one reporting unit. The Company has the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is necessary to perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test. When performing the quantitative impairment test, the Company compares the fair value of its only reporting unit with the carrying amounts. The Company would recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. The Company concluded that no impairment of its goodwill occurred for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. Revenue Recognition Substantially all of the Company’s revenue is derived from product sales, which consist of sales of the Company’s customized ready-made outerwear for large brand-name retailers and PPE. The Company considers purchase orders to be a contract with a customer. Contracts with customers are considered to be short term when the time between order confirmation and satisfaction of the performance obligations is equal to or less than one year. Virtually all of the Company’s contracts are short term. The Company recognizes revenue for the transfer of promised goods to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods. The Company typically satisfies its performance obligations in contracts with customers upon shipment of the goods. Generally, payment is due from customers within seven to 150 days of the invoice date. The contracts do not have significant financing components. Shipping and handling costs associated with outbound freight from Jordan export dock are not an obligation of the Company. Returns and allowances are not a significant aspect of the revenue recognition process as historically they have been immaterial. The Company also derives revenue rendering cutting and making services to other apparel vendors who subcontract order to the Company. Revenue is recognized when the service is rendered. All of the Company’s contracts have a single performance obligation satisfied at a point in time and the transaction price is stated in the contract, usually as a price per unit. All estimates are based on the Company’s historical experience, complete satisfaction of the performance obligation, and the Company’s best judgment at the time the estimate is made. Historically, sales returns have not significantly impacted the Company’s revenue. The Company does not have any contract assets since the Company has an unconditional right to consideration when the Company has satisfied its performance obligation and payment from customers is not contingent on a future event. The Company had contract liabilities of $625,132 and $928,393 as of 30 June, 2023 and 31 March, 2023. For the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, there was no revenue recognized from performance obligations related to prior periods. As of June 30, 2023, $625,132 deferred revenue was expected to be recognized within fiscal year 2024. All the receipts in advance as of March 31, 2023 were revenue recognized for the three months ended June 30, 2023. The Company has one revenue generating reportable geographic segment under ASC Topic 280 “Segment Reporting” and derives its sales primarily from its sales of customized ready-made outerwear. The Company believes disaggregation of revenue by geographic region best depicts the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of its revenue and cash flows (see “Note 15—Segment Reporting”). As of June 30, 2023, there were $625,132 receipts in advance from customers. As of March 31, 2023, there was $928,393 receipts in advance from a customer. The Company recorded the receipts in advance as deferred revenue on the consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023. These advances arose from $573,078 deposits from customers for estimate shipments after the three months ended June 30, 2023 and $52,054 of early settlements from a customer’s supply chain program that arranged for payments in accordance with estimated shipment dates before June 30, 2023 while the actual shipment dates were after the three months ended June 30, 2023. Shipping and Handling Proceeds collected from customers for shipping and handling costs are included in revenue. Shipping and handling costs are expensed as incurred and are included in operating expenses, as a part of selling, general and administrative expenses. Total shipping and handling expenses were $442,483 and $409,189 for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Income and Sales Taxes The Company is subject to income taxes on an entity basis on income arising in or derived from the tax jurisdiction in which each entity is domiciled. Jerash Holdings and Jerash Supplies are incorporated/formed in the State of Delaware and are subject to federal income tax in the United States of America. Treasure Success, Ever Winland, and J&B are registered in Hong Kong and are subject to profit tax in Hong Kong. Jiangmen Treasure Success is incorporated in China and is subject to corporate income tax in China. Jerash Garments, Jerash Embroidery, Chinese Garments, Paramount, Jerash The First, MK Garments, and Kawkab Venus are subject to income tax in Jordan, unless an exemption is granted. In accordance with Development Zone law, Jerash Garments and its subsidiaries were subject to corporate income tax in Jordan at a rate of 18% or 20% plus a 1% social contribution starting from January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022. Effective January 1, 2023, the income tax rate increased to 19% or 20%, plus a 1% social contribution. Jerash Garments and its subsidiaries are subject to local sales tax of 16% on purchases. Jerash Garments was granted a sales tax exemption from the Jordanian Investment Commission for the period from June 1, 2015 to June 1, 2018 that allowed Jerash Garments to make purchases with no sales tax charge. The exemption has been extended to February 5, 2024. The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, “Income Taxes,” which requires the Company to use the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under the asset and liability method, deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax consequences of temporary differences by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years to differences between financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of existing assets and liabilities and operating loss and tax credit carry forwards. Under this accounting standard, the effect on deferred income taxes of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is recognized if it is more likely than not that some portion, or all of, a deferred tax asset will not be realized. ASC 740 clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in tax positions. This interpretation requires that an entity recognize in its financial statements the impact of a tax position, if that position is more likely than not of being sustained upon examination, based on the technical merits of the position. Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs. The Company has elected to classify interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits, if and when required, as part of income tax expense in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. No significant uncertainty in tax positions relating to income taxes was incurred during the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. Foreign Currency Translation The reporting currency of the Company is the U.S. dollar (“US$” or “$”). The Company uses JOD in Jordan companies, HKD in Treasure Success, Ever Winland and J&B, and Chinese Yuan (“CNY”) in Jiangmen Treasure Success as functional currency of each above-mentioned entity. The assets and liabilities of the Company have been translated into US$ using the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date, equity accounts have been translated at historical rates, and revenue and expenses have been translated into US$ using average exchange rates in effect during the reporting period. Cash flows are also translated at average translation rates for the periods. Therefore, amounts related to assets and liabilities reported on the consolidated statements of cash flows will not necessarily agree with changes in the corresponding balances on the consolidated balance sheets. Translation adjustments arising from the use of different exchange rates from period to period are included as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income or loss. Transaction gains and losses that arise from exchange rate fluctuations on transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are included in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income as incurred, and the total amount of transaction gains and losses were immaterial for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. The value of JOD against US$ and other currencies may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in Jordan’s political and economic conditions. Any significant revaluation of JOD, HKD, and CNY may materially affect the Company’s financial condition in terms of US$ reporting. The following table outlines the currency exchange rates that were used in creating the consolidated financial statements in this report:
|  |  | June 30, 2023 |  |  |  | March 31, 2023 |
Period-end spot rate |  |  | US$1=JOD0.7090 |  |  |  | US$1=JOD0.7090 |
|  |  | US$1=HKD7.8359 |  |  |  | US$1=HKD7.8496 |
|  |  | US$1=CNY7.2542 |  |  |  | US$1=CNY6.8666 |
Average rate |  |  | US$1=JOD0.7090 |  |  |  | US$1=JOD0.7090 |
|  |  | US$1=HKD7.8390 |  |  |  | US$1=HKD7.8383 |
|  |  | US$1=CNY7.0071 |  |  |  | US$1=CNY6.8506 |
Stock-Based Compensation The Company measures compensation expense for stock-based awards based upon the awards’ initial grant-date fair value. The estimated grant-date fair value of the award is recognized as expense over the requisite service period using the straight-line method. The Company estimates the fair value of stock options using a Black-Scholes model. This model is affected by the Company’s stock price on the date of the grant as well as assumptions regarding a number of highly complex and subjective variables. These variables include the expected term of the option, expected risk-free rates of return, the expected volatility of the Company’s common stock, and expected dividend yield, each of which is more fully described below. The assumptions for expected term and expected volatility are the two assumptions that significantly affect the grant date fair value.
| ● | Expected Term: the expected term of a warrant or a stock option is the period of time that the warrant or a stock option is expected to be outstanding.
| ● | Risk-free Interest Rate: the Company bases the risk-free interest rate used in the Black-Scholes model on the implied yield at the grant date of the U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issued with an equivalent term to the stock-based award being valued. Where the expected term of a stock-based award does not correspond with the term for which a zero-coupon interest rate is quoted, the Company uses the nearest interest rate from the available maturities.
| ● | Expected Stock Price Volatility: the Company utilizes the expected volatility of the Company’s common stock over the same period of time as the life of the warrant or stock option. When the Company’s own stock volatility information is unavailable for such period of time, the Company utilizes comparable public company volatility.
| ● | Dividend Yield: Stock-based compensation awards granted prior to November 2018 assumed no dividend yield, while any subsequent stock-based compensation awards will be valued using the anticipated dividend yield.
Earnings per Share The Company computes earnings per share (“EPS”) in accordance with ASC 260, “Earnings per Share” (“ASC 260”). ASC 260 requires companies with complex capital structures to present basic and diluted EPS. Basic EPS is measured as net income divided by the weighted average common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS is similar to basic EPS but presents the dilutive effect on a per share basis of potential common shares (e.g., convertible securities, options and warrants) as if they had been converted at the beginning of the periods presented, or issuance date, if later. Potential common shares that have an anti-dilutive effect (i.e., those that increase income per share or decrease loss per share) are excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS (See “Note 14–Earnings per Share”). Comprehensive Income Comprehensive income consists of two components, net income and other comprehensive loss. The foreign currency translation loss resulting from translation of the financial statements expressed in JOD or HKD or CNY to US$ is reported in other comprehensive loss in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Fair Value of Financial Instruments ASC 825-10 requires certain disclosures regarding the fair value of financial instruments. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A three-level fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The hierarchy requires entities to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows:
| ● | Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.
| ● | Level 2 - Quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities, or other inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.
| ● | Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets and liabilities. This includes certain pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs.
The Company considers the recorded value of its financial assets and liabilities, which consist primarily of cash, accounts receivable, bills receivable, amount due from a related party, other current assets, credit facilities, accounts payable, accrued expenses, income tax payables, other payables and operating lease liabilities to approximate the fair value of the respective assets and liabilities at June 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023 based upon the short-term nature of these assets and liabilities. Concentrations and Credit Risk Credit risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash. As of June 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023, respectively, $6,691,412 and $7,264,247 of the Company’s cash was on deposit at financial institutions in Jordan, where there currently is no rule or regulation requiring such financial institutions to maintain insurance to cover bank deposits in the event of bank failure. As of June 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023, $532,107 and $172,939 of the Company’s cash was on deposit at financial institutions in China, respectively. Cash maintained in banks within China of less than CNY 0.5 million (equivalent to $68,926) per bank are covered by “deposit insurance regulation” promulgated by the State Council of the People’s Republic of China. As of June 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023, $12,617,667 and $11,700,512 of the Company’s cash was on deposit at financial institutions in Hong Kong, respectively, which are insured by the Hong Kong Deposit Protection Board subject to certain limitations. While management believes that these financial institutions are of high credit quality, it also continually monitors their creditworthiness. As of June 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023, $142,185 and $171,496 of the Company’s cash was on deposit in the United States, respectively, and are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation up to $250,000. Accounts receivable are typically unsecured and derived from revenue earned from customers, and therefore are exposed to credit risk. The risk is mitigated by the Company’s assessment of its customers’ creditworthiness and its ongoing monitoring of outstanding balances. Advance to suppliers are typically unsecured and derived from deposit placed to suppliers to secure the quantity of raw materials and garments for production. The Company is exposed to credit risk in that the supplier will not deliver the required quantity to the Company. The risk is mitigated by the Company’s assessment of its production requirement and its suppliers’ creditworthiness and its ongoing monitoring of outstanding balances. Customer and vendor concentration risk The Company’s sales are made primarily in the United States. Its operating results could be adversely affected by U.S. government policies on importing business, foreign exchange rate fluctuations, and changes in local market conditions. The Company has a concentration of its revenue and purchases with specific customers and suppliers. For the three months ended June 30, 2023, two customers accounted for 66% and 21% of the Company’s total revenue, respectively. For the three months ended June 30, 2022, two customers accounted for 66% and 23% of the Company’s total revenue, respectively. As of June 30, 2023, three customers accounted of 33%, 28%, and 17% of the Company’s total accounts receivable balance, respectively. As of March 31, 2023, four customer accounts for 50%, 13%, 10%, and 10% of the Company’s total accounts receivable balance, respectively. For the three months ended June 30, 2023, the Company purchased approximately 23%, 16%, and 10% of its garments and raw materials from three major suppliers, respectively. For the three months ended June 30, 2022, the Company purchased approximately 11% of its garments from one major supplier. As of June 30, 2023, accounts payable to the Company’s three major suppliers accounted for 22%, 17%, and 10% of the total accounts payable balance, respectively. As of March 31, 2023, accounts payable to the Company’s one major supplier accounted for 36% of the total accounts payable balance. Risks and Uncertainties The principal operations of the Company are located in Jordan. Accordingly, the Company’s business, financial condition, and results of operations may be influenced by political, economic, and legal environments in Jordan, as well as by the general state of the Jordanian economy. The Company’s operations in Jordan are subject to special considerations and significant risks not typically associated with companies in North America. These include risks associated with, among others, the political, economic, and legal environment and foreign currency exchange. The Company’s results may be adversely affected by changes in the political, regulatory, and social conditions in Jordan. Although the Company has not experienced losses from these situations and believes that it is in compliance with existing laws and regulations including its organization and structure disclosed in Note 1, this may not be indicative of future results. Reclassification Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. Such reclassifications had no effect on net income or cash flow as previously reported.

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