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FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2016
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] |
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS |
| 14. | FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In determining fair value, the Company uses various methods including market, income and cost approaches. Based on these approaches, the Company often utilizes certain assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk and the risks inherent in the inputs to the valuation technique. These inputs can be readily observable, market corroborated, or generally unobservable inputs. The Company utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Based on the observability of the inputs used in the valuation techniques the Company is required to provide the following information according to the fair value hierarchy. The fair value hierarchy ranks the quality and reliability of the information used to determine fair values. Financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value will be classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories: Level 1 - Quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities traded in active exchange markets, such as the New York Stock Exchange. Level 2 - Observable inputs other than Level 1 including quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in less active markets, or other observable inputs that can be corroborated by observable market data. Level 2 also includes derivative contracts whose value is determined using a pricing model with observable market inputs or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data. Level 3 - Unobservable inputs supported by little or no market activity for financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation; also includes observable inputs for nonbinding single dealer quotes not corroborated by observable market data. The Company has processes and controls in place to attempt to ensure that fair value is reasonably estimated. The Company performs due diligence procedures over third-party pricing service providers in order to support their use in the valuation process. Where market information is not available to support internal valuations, independent reviews of the valuations are performed and any material exposures are evaluated through a management review process. While the Company believes its valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different estimate of fair value at the reporting date. The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for complex financial instruments measured at fair value: Oil Price Risk Derivative Valuation Methodologies The Company determines its estimate of the fair value of derivative instruments using a market approach based on several factors, including quoted market prices in active markets, quotes from third parties, the credit rating of the counterparty and the Company’s own credit rating. In consideration of counterparty credit risk, the Company assessed the likelihood that the counterparty to the derivative would default by failing to make any contractually required payments. Additionally, the Company believes that the counterparty has the financial resources and willingness to meet its potential repayment obligations associated with the derivative transactions. At September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, derivative instruments utilized by the Company consisted of crude oil costless collars. The crude oil derivative markets are highly active. Although the Company’s derivative instruments are valued using indices, the instruments themselves are traded with third-party counterparties and are not openly traded on an exchange. As such, the Company has classified these instruments as Level 2. Marketable Equity Securities Valuation Methodologies The fair value of available for sale securities is based on quoted market prices obtained from independent pricing services. In consideration of the increase in trading volumes for both of the Company’s investments in marketable equity securities, the Company determined that they should be classified in Level 1 as of September 30, 2016. Executive Retirement Liability Valuation Methodologies The executive retirement program is a standalone liability for which there is no available market price, principal market, or market participants. The Company records the estimated fair value of the long-term liability for estimated future payments under the executive retirement program based on the discounted value of estimated future payments associated with each individual in the program. The inputs available for this estimate are unobservable and are therefore classified as Level 3 inputs. Other Financial Instruments The carrying amount of cash and equivalents, oil and gas sales receivable, other current assets, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair value because of the short-term nature of those instruments. The recorded amounts for borrowings under the credit agreement discussed in Note 7 approximates the fair market value due to the variable nature of the interest rates, and the fact that market interest rates have remained substantially the same since the latest amendment to the credit agreement. Recurring Fair Value Measurements Recurring measurements of the fair value of assets and liabilities as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 are as follows: Recurring measurements of the fair value of assets and liabilities as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 are as follows:
|  | September 30, 2016 |  |  | December 31, 2015 |
|  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Total |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Total |
Marketable equity securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sutter Gold Mining Company |  | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 13 |
Anfield Resources, Inc. (1) |  |  | 1,903 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,903 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 238 |  |  |  | 238 |
Crude oil price risk derivatives |  |  | - |  |  |  | 174 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 174 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,634 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,634 |
Total |  | $ | 1,922 |  |  | $ | 174 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 2,096 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 1,647 |  |  | $ | 238 |  |  | $ | 1,885 |
Executive retirement liability |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 584 |  |  | $ | 584 |
| (1) | For the period from September 1, 2015 when the Company acquired its investment in Anfield Resources, Inc. (“Anfield”) through March 31, 2016, average daily trading volume was approximately 10,000 shares and management concluded that the quoted marked price was not an accurate indicator of fair value. Accordingly, alternative methods were used to determine fair value upon receipt of the shares in September 2015, which required classification under Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. During the second quarter of 2016, average daily trading volume increased to more than 240,000 shares and management now classifies its investment in Anfield under Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. Primarily as a result of the reclassification of Anfield to Level 1, the Company recognized an unrealized gain of $921 during the nine months ended September 30, 2016. See Note 15 for changes in the fair value of the investment in Anfield after September 30, 2016.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=66048111&loc=d3e19207-110258 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 825 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 30 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6957238&loc=d3e14172-108612 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 825 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 28 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6957238&loc=d3e14064-108612 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 825 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 21 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=73719730&loc=d3e13537-108611 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 825 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 16 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=73719730&loc=d3e13504-108611 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 825 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 10 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=73719730&loc=d3e13433-108611 + Details
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