<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001213900-25-117886.txt : 20251203
<SEC-HEADER>0001213900-25-117886.hdr.sgml : 20251203
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20251203170036
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001213900-25-117886
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	S-3
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		20
FILED AS OF DATE:		20251203
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20251203

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			FIREFLY NEUROSCIENCE, INC.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000803578
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	SERVICES-PREPACKAGED SOFTWARE [7372]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	06 Technology
		EIN:				541167364
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		S-3
		SEC ACT:		1933 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	333-291916
		FILM NUMBER:		251547231

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		1100 MILITARY ROAD
		CITY:			KENMORE
		STATE:			NY
		ZIP:			14217
		BUSINESS PHONE:		888-237-6412

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		1100 MILITARY ROAD
		CITY:			KENMORE
		STATE:			NY
		ZIP:			14217

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	WAVEDANCER, INC.
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20211215

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	INFORMATION ANALYSIS INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19920703
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>S-3
<SEQUENCE>1
<FILENAME>ea0266628-s3_firefly.htm
<DESCRIPTION>REGISTRATION STATEMENT
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission
on December 3, 2025</B></P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>Registration No. 333-</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 2pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 9pt">&nbsp;<B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>UNITED STATES</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 9pt"><B>&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>FORM S-3<BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER<BR>
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 9pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>FIREFLY NEUROSCIENCE, INC.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>(Exact name of registrant as specified in its
charter)</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 9pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 49%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Delaware</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 49%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>54-1167364</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(State
    or other jurisdiction of <BR>
    incorporation or organization)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(I.R.S.
    Employer<BR>
    Identification Number)</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 9pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>1100 Military Road</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Kenmore,&nbsp;NY&nbsp;14217</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>(888)&nbsp;237-6412 </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Address, including zip code, and telephone number,
including area code, of registrant&rsquo;s principal executive offices)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 9pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Greg Lipschitz, Chief Executive Officer<BR>
1100 Military Road<BR>
Kenmore, NY 14217<BR>
(888) 237-6412</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone
number, including area code, of agent for service)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 9pt">&nbsp;<B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><I>Copies to: &nbsp;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 9pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Louis A. Bevilacqua, Esq.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Bevilacqua PLLC</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>1050 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Suite 500</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Washington, DC 20036</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>(202) 869-0888</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 9pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Approximate date of commencement of proposed
sale to the public: <B>As soon as practicable after the date this registration statement becomes effective.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 9pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If the only securities being registered on this
Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box. &#9744;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 9pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If any of the securities being registered on
this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities
offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box. &#9746;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 9pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If this Form is filed to register additional
securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act
registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. &#9744;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 9pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed
pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of
the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. &#9744;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 9pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If this Form is a registration statement pursuant
to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant
to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. &#9744;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 9pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If this Form is a post-effective amendment to
a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of
securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. &#9744;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 9pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company.
See the definitions of &ldquo;large accelerated filer,&rdquo; &ldquo;accelerated filer,&rdquo; &ldquo;smaller reporting company,&rdquo;
and &ldquo;emerging growth company&rdquo; in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 9pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 20%; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 40%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Large accelerated
    filer &#9744;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 40%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Accelerated
    filer &#9744;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Non-accelerated filer &#9746;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Smaller reporting company
    &#9746;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Emerging growth company
    &#9744;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 9pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check
mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting
standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 9pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>The registrant hereby amends this registration
statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which
specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities
Act or until this registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant
to said Section 8(a), may determine.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 9pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 2pt solid">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B>&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt"></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="color: Red"><B>The
information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. The securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting
an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 40%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>PROSPECTUS</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 60%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Red"><B>SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED DECEMBER 3, 2025</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>$250,000,000</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><IMG SRC="image_001.jpg" ALT=""></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Firefly Neuroscience, Inc.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Common Stock</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Preferred Stock</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Debt Securities</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Warrants</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Subscription Rights</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Units</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We may issue securities from time to time in
one or more offerings, in amounts, at prices and on terms determined at the time of offering. This prospectus describes the general terms
of these securities and the general manner in which these securities will be offered. We will provide the specific terms of these securities
in supplements to this prospectus, which will also describe the specific manner in which these securities will be offered and may also
supplement, update or amend information contained in this prospectus. You should read this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement
before you invest. The aggregate offering price of the securities we sell pursuant to this prospectus will not exceed $250,000,000.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">These securities may be sold on a continuous
or delayed basis directly to or through agents, dealers or underwriters as designated from time to time, or through a combination of
these methods. If agents, underwriters or dealers are used to sell the securities, we will name them and describe their compensation
in a prospectus supplement. The price to the public of those securities and the net proceeds we expect to receive from that sale will
also be set forth in a prospectus supplement. See the sections of this prospectus entitled &ldquo;About this Prospectus&rdquo; and &ldquo;Plan
of Distribution&rdquo; for more information.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our shares of common stock, par value $0.0001
per share (&ldquo;common stock&rdquo;), are listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market tier of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC, or the Nasdaq Capital
Market, under the symbol &ldquo;AIFF&rdquo;. On December 2, 2025, the last reported sale price of our common stock on Nasdaq was $1.61
per share. Each prospectus supplement will indicate whether the securities offered thereby will be listed on any securities exchange.</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to General Instruction I.B.6. of Form
S-3, in no event will we sell securities in primary offerings pursuant to this prospectus with a value more than one-third of the aggregate
market value of our outstanding common stock held by non-affiliates in any twelve-month period, so long as the aggregate market value
of our outstanding common stock held by non-affiliates is less than $75.0 million. In addition, in the event that subsequent to the effective
date of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, the aggregate market value of our outstanding common stock
held by non-affiliates equals or exceeds $75.0 million, then the one-third limitation on primary offerings shall not apply to additional
sales made pursuant to this prospectus. We have not sold any securities pursuant to General Instruction I.B.6. of Form S-3 during the
prior twelve calendar month period that ends on, and includes, the date of this prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Investing in our securities is highly speculative
and involves a high degree of risk.&nbsp; See &ldquo;<I>Risk Factors</I>&rdquo; beginning on page 4 of this prospectus, in any applicable
prospectus supplement and as described in certain of the documents we may incorporate by reference herein, for a discussion of information
that should be considered in connection with an investment in our securities.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission
nor any state or provincial securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is
truthful or complete.&nbsp; Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>The date of this prospectus is &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;,
2025.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt"></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;<B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><U>TABLE OF CONTENTS</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 90%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 10%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Page</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><A HREF="#a_001"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">About This Prospectus</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ii</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD><A HREF="#a_002"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Prospectus Summary</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><A HREF="#a_003"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Risk Factors</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD><A HREF="#a_004"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><A HREF="#a_005"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Use of Proceeds</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD><A HREF="#a_006"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dividend Policy</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><A HREF="#a_007"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Description of Capital Stock</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD><A HREF="#a_008"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Description of Debt Securities</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">11</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><A HREF="#a_009"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Description of Warrants</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">19</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD><A HREF="#a_010"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Description of Subscription Rights</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">20</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><A HREF="#a_011"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Description of Units</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">20</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD><A HREF="#a_012"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Plan of Distribution</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">21</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><A HREF="#a_013"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Legal Matters</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">22</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD><A HREF="#a_014"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Experts</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">22</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><A HREF="#a_015"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Where You Can Find More Information; Documents Incorporated by Reference</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">23</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 3; Options: NewSection; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: LowerRoman; Name: PageNo -->i<!-- Field: /Sequence --></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt"></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><A NAME="a_001"></A>ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This prospectus is part of a registration statement
on Form S-3 that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &ldquo;SEC&rdquo;) utilizing a &ldquo;shelf&rdquo; registration
process. Under this shelf registration process, we may offer and sell, from time to time, in one or more offerings, up to $250,000,000
of our common stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We may file one or more prospectus supplements,
or, if appropriate, post-effective amendments, to accompany this prospectus to add, update or change information contained in this prospectus.
Each time we offer securities, we will provide you with this prospectus and a prospectus supplement, or post-effective amendment, if
applicable, that will describe, among other things, the specific amounts and prices and terms of the shares of the securities being offered.
If the information varies between this prospectus and the accompanying prospectus supplement, or post-effective amendment, if any, you
should rely on the information in the accompanying prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment. We may also authorize one or more
free writing prospectuses to be provided to you that may contain material information relating to the offering. You should read both
this prospectus and the accompanying prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment, if any, and any free writing prospectus together
with the additional information described under &ldquo;<I>Where You Can Find More Information; Documents Incorporated by Reference</I>&rdquo;.
You should also carefully consider, among other things, the matters discussed in the section entitled &ldquo;<I>Risk Factors</I>&rdquo;
herein, and the accompanying prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment, if any, and any related free writing prospectus, and
under similar headings in any other documents that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus, and the accompanying prospectus
supplement or post-effective amendment, if any, and any related free writing prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This prospectus contains summaries of certain
provisions contained in some of the documents described herein, but reference is made to the actual documents for complete information.
All of the summaries are qualified in their entirety by the actual documents. Copies of some of the documents referred to herein have
been filed, will be filed or will be incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms
a part, and you may obtain copies of those documents as described below under the heading &ldquo;<I>Where You Can Find More Information;
Documents Incorporated by Reference</I>&rdquo;.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">You should rely only on the information contained
or incorporated by reference in this prospectus or in any prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment or free-writing prospectus
we may authorize to be delivered or made available to you. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with information different from
that contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, any accompanying prospectus supplement, and any free writing prospectus
we have prepared. We take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others
may give you. Offers to sell, and solicitations of offers to buy, shares of our common stock are being made only in jurisdictions where
offers and sales are permitted. The information in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus, regardless of
the time of delivery of this prospectus or of any sale of our common stock. Our business, financial condition, results of operations
and prospects may have changed since the date of this prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We may sell the securities to or through underwriters,
dealers or agents or directly to purchasers. The securities may be sold for U.S. dollars, foreign-denominated currency, currency units
or composite currencies. Amounts payable with respect to any securities may be payable in U.S. dollars or foreign-denominated currency,
currency units or composite currencies as specified in the applicable prospectus supplement. We and our agents reserve the sole right
to accept or reject in whole or in part any proposed purchase of the securities. The prospectus supplement, which we will provide each
time we offer the securities, will set forth the names of any underwriters, dealers or agents involved in the sale of the securities,
and any related fee, commission or discount arrangements. See &ldquo;Plan of Distribution&rdquo; beginning on page 21 of this prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 20pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>This prospectus contains forward-looking statements
that are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control. See &ldquo;<I>Risk Factors</I>&rdquo;
and &ldquo;<I>Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements</I>&rdquo; appearing in this prospectus and in the documents we file
with the SEC that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">For investors outside of the United States: We
have not done anything that would permit this offering or possession or distribution of this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action
for that purpose is required, other than in the United States. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus
must inform themselves about, and observe any restrictions relating to, the offering of our securities and the distribution of this prospectus
outside the United States.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In this prospectus, unless the context indicates
otherwise, &ldquo;we,&rdquo; &ldquo;us,&rdquo; &ldquo;our,&rdquo; &ldquo;Firefly,&rdquo; &ldquo;the Company,&rdquo; &ldquo;our company&rdquo;
and similar references refer to the operations of Firefly Neuroscience, Inc., a Delaware corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 4; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: LowerRoman; Name: PageNo -->ii<!-- Field: /Sequence --></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt"></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Trademarks, Trade Names and Service Marks</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We use various trademarks, trade names and service
marks in our business. For convenience, we may not include the &ldquo;&#8480;&rdquo;, &ldquo;<SUP>&reg;</SUP>&rdquo; or &ldquo;<SUP>&trade;</SUP>&rdquo;
status symbols for these marks, but such omission is not meant to indicate that we would not protect our intellectual property rights
to the fullest extent allowed by law. Any other trademarks, trade names or service marks referred to in this prospectus and prospectus
supplement are the property of their respective owners.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Industry and Market Data</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We are responsible for the information contained
in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus. This prospectus includes or incorporates by reference industry and market data
that we obtained from periodic industry publications, third-party studies and surveys, filings of public companies in our industry or
internal company surveys. These sources generally state that the information they provide has been obtained from sources believed to
be reliable, but that the accuracy and completeness of the information are not guaranteed. The forecasts and projections are based on
historical market data, and there is no assurance that any of the forecasts or projected amounts will be achieved. Industry and market
data could be wrong because of the method by which sources obtained their data and because information cannot always be verified with
complete certainty due to the limits on the availability and reliability of raw data, the voluntary nature of the data gathering process
and other limitations and uncertainties. The market and industry data used in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus involve
risks and uncertainties that are subject to change based on various factors, including those discussed in or incorporated by reference
into the section titled &ldquo;<I>Risk Factors</I>&rdquo;, any applicable prospectus supplement, and the documents incorporated by reference
herein. These and other factors could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, the estimates made by
independent parties and by us. Furthermore, we cannot assure you that a third party using different methods to assemble, analyze or compute
industry and market data would obtain the same results.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 5; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: LowerRoman; Name: PageNo -->iii<!-- Field: /Sequence --></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt"></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<DIV STYLE="padding: 3pt; border: Black 1.5pt solid">

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><A NAME="a_002"></A>PROSPECTUS SUMMARY</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>&nbsp;</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>This summary highlights selected information
contained elsewhere in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus. This summary is not complete and does not contain all of the
information that you should consider before deciding whether to invest in our common stock. This summary is qualified in its entirety
by the more detailed information included in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement
and the other documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus. You should carefully read the entire prospectus and the other
documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus, including the risks associated with an investment in our company discussed
in the &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo; section of this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement, and documents referred to in &ldquo;Where
You Can Find More Information; Documents Incorporated by Reference,&rdquo; before making an investment decision. Some of the statements
in this prospectus and the other documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus are forward-looking statements. See the section
titled &ldquo;</I>Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements<I>&rdquo;.</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Our
Company</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Overview</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We are an Artificial Intelligence (&ldquo;AI&rdquo;)
technology company developing innovative neuroscientific solutions with goals to improve brain health outcomes for patients with mental
illnesses and neurological disorders. Our FDA-510(k) cleared&nbsp;BNA&trade;, or Brain Network Analytics, is an advanced neurophysiological
assessment tool that uses AI and machine learning to analyze EEG data recorded during rest and cognitive activity. In addition, the Evox
System is FDA-510(k) cleared, and is intended for the acquisition, display, and storage, of electrical activity of a patient&rsquo;s
brain including electroencephalograph (EEG) and event-related potentials (ERP) obtained by placing two or more electrodes on the head
to aid in diagnosis. Our products may enhance&nbsp;neurological assessments by providing objective, data-driven insights that allow for
the early and longitudinal detection of neurophysiological deviations. These insights into brainwave patterns underlying cognitive function
may help in tailoring personalized treatment plans and improving patient outcomes more effectively than traditional EEG analysis.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As of the date of this prospectus, our products
are in market. We believe there is&nbsp;further potential for such commercialization, both with respect to pharmaceutical companies in
their drug research and clinical trial activities, as well as medical practitioners in their clinics. In concert with the further commercialization
of our products, we are collaborating with neuroscience drug development companies to support their clinical strategies. We plan to generate
revenue through the use of our products by United States healthcare professionals and through collaborations with pharmaceutical companies
in support of neuroscience drug development. The proposed business model for healthcare provider clinics consists of a base service fee
for licensing the product and a per use fee based on volume. The proposed business model for pharmaceutical companies will be tailored
to each customer based on the volume and costs associated to provide such services. In order to further grow&nbsp;our products into the
medical community, the company has hired sales staff and plans to continue marketing efforts to secure new accounts. The company will
continue to focus on targeted outreach and client engagement in the clinics segment. Using its database of potential customers, the company
will identify key targets in select markets and connect with them through personalized emails and calls to schedule meetings with decision-makers.
The sales team, equipped with marketing materials, case studies, peer-reviewed publications, and knowledge gained from our current research
partners, are focused on presenting the benefits of our products and practical applications during these meetings. Follow-up efforts,
including addressing questions and offering support by our scientific team, will aim to build strong client relationships and drive adoption
of the platform.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The clinical utility of EEG technology to support
better outcomes for patients with mental illnesses and cognitive disorders has been well documented. Historically, clinical adoption
of EEG by medical professionals, including psychiatrists, neurologists, nurse practitioners and general practitioners, we believe has
been limited due to the complexity of interpreting EEG recordings and the inability to practically compare a patient&rsquo;s brain function
to that of a clinically normal age-matched patient. Firefly believes that without defining a standard deviation to the norm, it is not
possible to objectively assess brain function. By establishing an objective baseline measurement of brain function, our products enable&nbsp;clinicians
to optimize patient care, leading to improved outcomes for people suffering from mental illnesses and cognitive disorders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our value proposition is supported by real-world
use of our products. Incorporating our products as part of a patient management protocol demonstrated improved response rates, enhanced
therapy compliance, reduced non-responder rates and a reduction in need for medication switching among patients. Further, we believe
that our extensive clinical database, when combined with advanced AI, provides the opportunity to identify clinically relevant biomarkers
that will support better patient outcomes through precision medicine and companion diagnostics. We expect to gather additional data through
the clinical deployments and clinical studies conducted by drug companies. This additional data may allow us to discover new biomarkers
and objectively measure the impact of therapeutic interventions on patients of different types, further enhancing our platform&rsquo;s
effectiveness. We believe that we will be able to enhance accurate diagnosis and predict what therapy or drug, or a combination thereof,
may be best suited to optimize patient outcomes. This represents a paradigm shift in how clinicians manage patients with mental illnesses
and cognitive disorders holding the potential to transform brain health.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 6; Options: NewSection; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->1<!-- Field: /Sequence --></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt"></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<DIV STYLE="padding: 3pt; border: Black 1.5pt solid">

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;<B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Implications of Being a Smaller Reporting
Company</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We are a &ldquo;smaller reporting company&rdquo;
as defined in Item 10(f)(1) of Regulation S-K. Smaller reporting companies may take advantage of certain reduced disclosure obligations,
including, among other things, providing only two years of audited financial statements. We will remain a smaller reporting company until
the last day of any fiscal year for so long as either (1) the market value of our shares of common stock held by non-affiliates does
not equal or exceed $250 million as of the prior June 30<SUP>th</SUP>, or (2) our annual revenues did not equal or exceed $100 million
during such completed fiscal year and the market value of our shares of common stock held by non-affiliates did not equal or exceed $700
million as of the prior June 30th. To the extent we take advantage of any reduced disclosure obligations, it may make comparison of our
financial statements with other public companies difficult or impossible.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Corporate Information </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our corporate history began in April 2006 with
the formation of Elminda Ltd, a company organized under the laws of the State of Israel, for the purpose of developing a system to provide
clinicians with an objective assessment of brain function to support better outcomes for people with mental illnesses and cognitive disorders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On August 12, 2024 (the &ldquo;Closing Date&rdquo;),
we consummated the reverse merger transaction (the &ldquo;Merger&rdquo;) contemplated by that certain Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated
as of November 15, 2023 (as amended from time to time, the &ldquo;Merger Agreement&rdquo;), by and among WaveDancer, Inc., a Delaware
corporation (&ldquo;WaveDancer&rdquo;), FFN Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of WaveDancer (&ldquo;FFN&rdquo;),
and Firefly Neuroscience, Inc., a Delaware corporation (&ldquo;Private Firefly&rdquo;), pursuant to which FFN merged with and into Private
Firefly, with Private Firefly surviving the merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of WaveDancer. On the Closing Date (i) pursuant to the
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of WaveDancer, we changed our name to Firefly Neuroscience, Inc., and (ii) pursuant
to an amendment to its Certificate of Incorporation, Private Firefly changed its name to Firefly Neuroscience 2023, Inc. and (iii) Private
Firefly and FFN filed the Certificate of Merger with the State of Delaware. At the effective time of the Merger, among other things:
(i) each outstanding share of Private Firefly common stock was converted into the right to receive the number of shares of the common
stock equal to the Exchange Ratio which equals to 0.1040, and (ii) we assumed all of Private Firefly&rsquo;s rights and obligations under
the warrants that were outstanding and unexercised as of immediately prior to the effective time of the Merger, and such warrants became
become exercisable for shares of the common stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our principal executive offices are located at
1100 Military Road, Kenmore, NY 14217, and our telephone number is (888) 237-6412. Our website address is&nbsp;<I>www.fireflyneuro.com</I>.
Information contained on our website is not a part of this prospectus, and the inclusion of our website address in this prospectus is
an inactive textual reference only.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>The Securities That May Be Offered</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We may offer or sell common stock; preferred
stock, par value $0.0001 per share (&ldquo;preferred stock&rdquo;); debt securities; warrants; subscription rights; and units in one
or more offerings and in any combination. The aggregate offering price of the securities we sell pursuant to this prospectus will not
exceed $250,000,000. Each time securities are offered with this prospectus, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will describe
the specific amounts, prices and terms of the securities being offered and the net proceeds we expect to receive from that sale.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The securities may be sold to or through underwriters,
dealers or agents or directly to purchasers or as otherwise set forth in the section of this prospectus titled &ldquo;<I>Plan of Distribution</I>&rdquo;.
Each prospectus supplement will set forth the names of any underwriters, dealers, agents or other entities involved in the sale of securities
described in that prospectus supplement and any applicable fee, commission or discount arrangements with them.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>Common Stock</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We may offer shares of our common stock either
alone or underlying other registered securities that are exercisable or convertible into our common stock. Holders of our common stock
are entitled to receive dividends declared by our board of directors out of funds legally available for the payment of dividends, subject
to rights, if any, of preferred stockholders. We have not paid dividends in the past and have no current plans to pay dividends. Each
holder of common stock is entitled to one vote per share of common stock. The holders of common stock have no preemptive rights. Our
common stock is described in greater detail in this prospectus under &ldquo;<I>Description of Capital Stock &ndash; Common Stock</I>.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 7; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->2<!-- Field: /Sequence --></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt"></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<DIV STYLE="padding: 3pt; border: Black 1.5pt solid">

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>Preferred Stock</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our board of directors has the authority, subject
to limitations prescribed by Delaware law, to issue preferred stock in one or more series, to establish from time to time the number
of shares to be included in each series, and to fix the designation, powers, preferences and rights of the shares of each series and
any of its qualifications, limitations or restrictions, in each case without further vote or action by our stockholders. Each series
of preferred stock offered by us will be more fully described in the particular prospectus supplement that will accompany this prospectus,
including redemption provisions, rights in the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, voting rights and rights to convert
into common stock. Our preferred stock is described in greater detail in this prospectus under &ldquo;<I>Description of Capital Stock
&ndash; Preferred Stock</I>.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>Debt Securities</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We may offer secured or unsecured obligations
in the form of one or more series of senior or subordinated debt. The senior debt securities and the subordinated debt securities are
together referred to in this prospectus as the &ldquo;debt securities&rdquo;. The subordinated debt securities generally will be entitled
to payment only after payment of our senior debt. Senior debt generally includes all debt for money borrowed by us, except debt that
is stated in the instrument governing the terms of that debt to be not senior to, or to have the same rank in right of payment as, or
to be expressly junior to, the subordinated debt securities. We may issue debt securities that are convertible into shares of our common
stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The debt securities will be issued under an indenture
between us and a trustee to be identified in an accompanying prospectus supplement. We have summarized the general features of the debt
securities to be governed by the indenture in this prospectus under &ldquo;<I>Description of Debt Securities</I>&rdquo; and the form
of indenture has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. We encourage you to read
the indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>Warrants</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We may offer warrants for the purchase of common
stock, preferred stock or debt securities. We may offer warrants independently or together with other securities. Our warrants are described
in greater detail in this prospectus under &ldquo;<I>Description of Warrants.</I>&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Subscription Rights</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We may offer subscription rights to purchase
our common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants or units consisting of some or all of these securities. These subscription
rights may be offered independently or together with any other security offered hereby and may or may not be transferable by the stockholder
receiving the subscription rights in such offering. Our subscription rights are described in greater detail in this prospectus under
&ldquo;<I>Description of Subscription Rights</I>.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>Units</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We may offer units comprised of one or more of
the other classes of securities described in this prospectus in any combination. Each unit will be issued so that the holder of the unit
is also the holder of each security included in the unit. Our units are described in greater detail in this prospectus under &ldquo;<I>Description
of Units</I>.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 8; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->3<!-- Field: /Sequence --></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt"></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><A NAME="a_003"></A>RISK FACTORS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">An investment in our securities involves a high
degree of risk. The prospectus supplement applicable to each offering of our securities will contain a discussion of the risks applicable
to an investment in our securities. Prior to making a decision about investing in our securities, you should carefully consider the specific
factors discussed under the section in the applicable prospectus supplement titled &ldquo;<I>Risk Factors</I>,&rdquo; together with all
of the other information contained or incorporated by reference in the prospectus supplement or appearing or incorporated by reference
in this prospectus. You should also consider the risks, uncertainties and assumptions discussed under Item 1A. &ldquo;<I>Risk Factors</I>&rdquo;
of the <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/803578/000143774925010818/wavd20241231c_10k.htm">2024 Annual Report</A> on Form
10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 (the &ldquo;2024 Annual Report&rdquo;), the Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q filed with
the SEC on each of <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/803578/000143774925016587/wavd20250331_10q.htm">May 14, 2025</A>,
<A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/803578/000143774925026538/wavd20250630c_10q.htm">August 13, 2025</A>, and <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/803578/000121390025108474/ea0262535-10q_firefly.htm">November
12, 2025</A> that are incorporated herein by reference, as may be amended, supplemented or superseded from time to time by other reports
we file with the SEC in the future. The risks and uncertainties we have described are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and
uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also affect our operations. Some statements in this
prospectus and in the reports incorporated herein by reference constitute forward-looking statements. Please refer to the section titled
&ldquo;Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements&rdquo;.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 9; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->4<!-- Field: /Sequence --></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt"></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><A NAME="a_004"></A>CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This prospectus contains, and any prospectus
supplement or documents incorporated by reference herein or therein may contain, forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section&nbsp;21E
of the Exchange Act and Section&nbsp;27A of the Securities Act that are based on our management&rsquo;s beliefs and assumptions and on
information currently available to us. All statements other than statements of historical facts are forward-looking statements. The forward-looking
statements are contained principally in, but not limited to, the section &ldquo;<I>Prospectus Summary</I>&rdquo; in this prospectus,
under Item 1. &ldquo;<I>Business</I>&rdquo; and Item 7. &ldquo;<I>Management&rsquo;s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations</I>&rdquo; of the 2024<A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/803578/000143774925010818/wavd20241231c_10k.htm">
Annual Report</A>, Part 1. Financial Information &ndash; Item 2. &ldquo;<I>Management&rsquo;s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of Operations</I>&rdquo; of the Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on each of <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/803578/000143774925016587/wavd20250331_10q.htm">May
14, 2025</A>, <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/803578/000143774925026538/wavd20250630c_10q.htm">August 13, 2025</A>, and
<A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/803578/000121390025108474/ea0262535-10q_firefly.htm">November 12, 2025</A>, and may be
contained in our prospectus supplements or future SEC reports. These statements relate to future events or to our future financial performance
and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance
or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied
by these forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">fluctuation and volatility
    in market price of our common stock due to market and industry factors, as well as general economic, political and market conditions;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our ability to continue
    as a going concern;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the impact of dilution
    on our stockholders, including through the issuance of additional equity securities in the future;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our ability to realize
    the intended benefits of the Merger;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the impact of our ability
    to realize the anticipated tax impact of the Merger;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the impact of our ability to realize the anticipated tax
impact of acquisition of Evoke Neuroscience, Inc.;</TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the outcome of litigation
    or other proceedings may become subject to in the future;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">delisting of our common
    stock from the Nasdaq Capital Market or the failure for an active trading market to develop;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the failure of our altered
    business operations, strategies and focus to result in an improvement for the value of our common stock;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the availability of and
    our ability to continue to obtain sufficient funding to conduct planned operations and realize potential profits;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our limited operating history;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the impact of the complexity
    of the regulatory landscape on our ability to seek and obtain regulatory approval for our products, both within and outside of the
    U.S.;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">challenges that we may
    face with maintaining regulatory approval, if achieved;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the impact of the concertation
    of capital stock ownership with our insiders on stockholders&rsquo; ability to influence corporate matters.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the impacts of future acquisitions
    of businesses or products and the potential to fail to realize intended benefits of such acquisition;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the potential impact of
    changes in the legal and regulatory landscape, both within and outside of the U.S.;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our dependence on third
    parties;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">challenges we may face
    with respect to our products achieving market acceptance;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the impact of pricing of
    our products;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our ability to obtain,
    maintain and protect its trade secrets or other proprietary rights, operate without infringing upon the proprietary rights of others
    and prevent others from infringing on its proprietary rights;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 10; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->5<!-- Field: /Sequence --></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt"></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our ability to maintain
    adequate cyber security and information systems;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our ability to generate
    sufficient revenue to achieve and sustain profitability;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our treasury strategy and
    related liquidity and risk management activities; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the risk that our significant
    increased expenses and administrative burdens as a public company could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition
    and results of operations.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In some cases, you can identify forward-looking
statements by terms such as &ldquo;may,&rdquo; &ldquo;could,&rdquo; &ldquo;will,&rdquo; &ldquo;should,&rdquo; &ldquo;would,&rdquo; &ldquo;expect,&rdquo;
&ldquo;plan,&rdquo; &ldquo;intend,&rdquo; &ldquo;anticipate,&rdquo; &ldquo;believe,&rdquo; &ldquo;estimate,&rdquo; &ldquo;predict,&rdquo;
&ldquo;potential,&rdquo; &ldquo;project&rdquo; or &ldquo;continue&rdquo; or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology.
These statements are only predictions. Factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from current expectations include,
among other things, those listed under the heading &ldquo;<I>Risk Factors</I>&rdquo; and elsewhere in this prospectus, in the 2024 <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/803578/000143774925010818/wavd20241231c_10k.htm">Annual
Report</A>, the Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on each of <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/803578/000143774925016587/wavd20250331_10q.htm">May
14, 2025</A>, <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/803578/000143774925026538/wavd20250630c_10q.htm">August 13, 2025</A>, and
<A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/803578/000121390025108474/ea0262535-10q_firefly.htm">November 12, 2025</A> under Item
1A. &ldquo;<I>Risk Factors</I>&rdquo;, the other documents incorporated by reference herein and under a similar heading in any applicable
prospectus supplement, and the risks detailed from time to time in our future SEC reports or registration statements. If one or more
of these risks or uncertainties occur, or if our underlying assumptions prove to be incorrect, actual events or results may vary significantly
from those implied or projected by the forward-looking statements. No forward-looking statement is a guarantee of future performance.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The forward-looking statements made in this prospectus
and any applicable prospectus supplement and documents incorporated by reference herein relate only to events or information as of the
date they are made. Except as expressly required by the federal securities laws, there is no undertaking to publicly update or revise
any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, changed circumstances or any other reason.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><A NAME="a_005"></A>USE OF PROCEEDS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Except as described in any prospectus supplement
and any free writing prospectus in connection with a specific offering, we currently intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of
the securities offered by us under this prospectus for treasury strategy and working capital and general corporate purposes. Our management
will have broad discretion in the allocation of the net proceeds and investors will be relying on the judgment of our management regarding
the application of the proceeds of any sale of the securities. Any specific allocation of the net proceeds of an offering of securities
to a specific purpose will be determined at the time of such offering and will be described in the related prospectus supplement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 11; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->6<!-- Field: /Sequence --></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt"></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><A NAME="a_006"></A>DIVIDEND POLICY</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We have never declared or paid cash dividends
on our common stock. We currently intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings for use in the operation of our business
and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common stock in the near future. We may also enter into credit agreements or other
borrowing arrangements in the future that will restrict our ability to declare or pay cash dividends on our common stock. Any future
determination to declare dividends will be made at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on our financial condition,
operating results, capital requirements, contractual restrictions, general business conditions and other factors that our board of directors
may deem relevant. See also Item 1A. &ldquo;<I>Risk Factors &ndash;General Risks Related To Us&ndash; We do not anticipate that we will
pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future</I>.&rdquo; in the 2024 <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/803578/000143774925010818/wavd20241231c_10k.htm">Annual
Report</A>, which is incorporated by reference herein.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><A NAME="a_007"></A>DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The description of our authorized capital stock
and our outstanding securities as of the date of the filing of the 2024 Annual Report is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to
the 2024 <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/803578/000143774925010818/wavd20241231c_10k.htm">Annual Report</A>, and supplemented
or updated as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>General</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Authorized and Outstanding Stock</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our authorized capital stock consists of 5,001,000,000
shares of capital stock, consisting of (i) 5,000,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 shares
of preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As of December 2, 2025, there were 13,492,928
shares of common stock, and owned by 356 stockholders of record, which does not include holders whose shares are held in nominee or &ldquo;street
name&rdquo; accounts through banks, brokers or other financial institutions, and no shares of preferred stock were issued and outstanding.</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Common Stock</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Dividend Rights</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to the Amended and Restated Bylaws of
the Company (the &ldquo;Bylaws&rdquo;), dividends upon the capital stock, subject to applicable law, if any, may be declared by the board
of directors. Dividends may be paid in cash, in property, or in shares of capital stock or other securities, subject to the provisions
of applicable law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Voting Rights</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Each outstanding share of common stock shall
entitle the holder thereof to one vote on each matter properly submitted to the stockholders for their vote; provided, however, that,
except as otherwise required by applicable law, holders of common stock shall not be entitled to vote on any amendment to the Charter
(including any certificate of designation filed with respect to any series of preferred stock) that relates solely to the terms of one
or more outstanding series of preferred stock if the holders of such affected series of preferred stock are entitled, either separately
or together as a class with the holders of one or more other such series of preferred stock, to vote thereon pursuant to applicable law
or the certificate of incorporation (the &ldquo;Charter&rdquo;) amended and restated from time to time (including any certificate of
designation filed with respect to any series of preferred stock).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>No Preemptive or Similar Rights</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Holders of our common stock do not have preemptive
rights, and common stock is not convertible or redeemable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Right to Receive Liquidation Distributions</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Subject to the prior or equal rights, if any,
of the holders of shares of any series of preferred stock duly created hereafter, the holders of common stock shall be entitled (in the
event of any dissolution. liquidation or winding-up, whether voluntary or involuntary (sometimes referred to herein as a liquidation),
after payment or provision for payment of the debts and other liabilities, to receive our remaining assets, ratably according to the
number of shares of common stock held.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 12; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->7<!-- Field: /Sequence --></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt"></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Preferred Stock</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Charter authorizes the board of directors
to provide for the issue of all or any of the unissued and undesignated shares of the preferred stock, in one or more series, and to
fix the number of shares of such series and to determine or alter for each such series, such voting powers, full or limited, or no voting
powers, and such designation, preferences, and relative, participating, optional, or other rights and such qualifications, limitations,
or restrictions thereof, as shall be stated and expressed in the resolution or resolutions adopted by the board of directors providing
for the issuance of such shares and as may be permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law (&ldquo;DGCL&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As of December 2, 2025, we have no shares of
preferred stock outstanding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Warrants</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Legacy WaveDancer Warrants</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>The following warrants were issued by WaveDancer
prior to the consummation of the Merger.</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>August 2021 Warrants</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On August 26, 2021, WaveDancer sold 140,000 shares
of its common stock, and for each share purchased, purchasers were issued a warrant granting the right to purchase an additional share
of common stock at a price of $30.00 per share, with the warrants expiring on August 31, 2026. 140,000 shares of common stock issuable
upon exercise of warrants in connection with the offering have been reserved for issuance.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Series A Warrants</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On December 10, 2021, WaveDancer sold in a private
placement offering from which it raised aggregate gross proceeds of $10,000,000, 328,987 units resulting in the issuance of a like number
of shares of common stock and 65,802 Series A warrants exercisable for a like number of shares of common stock. The warrants are exercisable
at a price of $45.00 per share, with the warrants exercisable from January 1, 2023, through December 31, 2026. If the shares underlying
the warrants are not registered when the warrants become exercisable, the warrants can be exercised on a cashless basis. The warrants
are subject to redemption at a price of $0.01 per warrant, if commencing January 1, 2024, the volume weighted average price per share
for 10 consecutive trading days equals or exceeds $125.00. WaveDancer reserves the right to require the warrants to be exercised on a
cashless basis following any notice of redemption.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Legacy Firefly Warrants</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">At the effective time of the Merger, each holder
of a Firefly warrant shall be entitled to receive (and such holder shall accept) upon the exercise of such holder&rsquo;s warrants, in
lieu of Firefly Common Stock to which such holder was theretofore entitled upon such exercise, and for the same aggregate consideration
payable therefor, that number of shares of WaveDancer common stock which the holder would have been entitled to receive as a result of
the merger if, immediately prior to the effective time of the merger, such holder had been the registered holder of the number of shares
of Firefly Common Stock to which such holder would have been entitled if such holder had exercised such holder&rsquo;s warrants immediately
prior to the effective time of the merger. Each Firefly warrant shall continue to be governed by and be subject to the terms of the applicable
warrant following the effective time of the merger.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 13; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->8<!-- Field: /Sequence --></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt"></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following is a description of the material
terms of the classes of warrants following the consummation of the Merger. However, share amounts underlying the warrants and related
exercise price disclosed below do not reflect the application of the Exchange Ratio, which is necessary to determine the number of shares
of WaveDancer Common Stock which the holder would be entitled to receive as a result of the Merger.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Series C Warrants</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Between October 17, 2023 and December 21, 2023,
the Company issued to certain holders Series C warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 1,538,132 shares of common stock (the &ldquo;Series
C Warrants&rdquo;). The Series C Warrants have an exercise price of $2.56 per share (subject to adjustment from time to time in accordance
with the terms of the Series C Warrant), is exercisable immediately upon issuance and expires at 4:30 p.m. (New York time) three years
following the initial date of issuance.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>March 2025 Units Offering Warrants</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In connection with the units offering (&ldquo;March
2025 Units Offering&rdquo;) pursuant to the private placement subscription agreement, dated as of March 28, 2025, by and between the
Company and certain subscribers (the &ldquo;Subscribers&rdquo;), under which the Company sold 547,737 of units (each a &ldquo;March 2025
Unit&rdquo; and, collectively the &ldquo;March 2025 Units&rdquo;), at a purchase price of $3.00 per Unit (the &ldquo;March 2025 Units
Offering&rdquo;), we issued warrants to purchase &nbsp;547,737 common stock over thirty-six (36) months at an exercise price of $4.00
per share (&ldquo;March 2025 Units Offering Warrants&rdquo;), to the Subscribers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In connection with the March 2025 Units Offering,
we entered into a finder&rsquo;s fee agreement with Canaccord Genuity Corp. (&ldquo;Canaccord&rdquo;), dated as of January 31, 2025,
pursuant to which the Company will pay Canaccord at the closing of the March 2025 Units Offering (i) a payment of up to 7.5% of the gross
proceeds raised from subscriptions in the March 2025 Units Offering from persons introduced to the Company by Canaccord, payable in cash;
and (ii) the issuance of the Finder&rsquo;s Warrants (as defined blow) to Canaccord of up to 7.5% of the March 2025 Units subscribed
for by person introduced to the Company by Canaccord. Each Finder&rsquo;s Warrant will be exercisable to purchase one additional Common
Stock at $4.00 per share for a period of 36 months from the closing of the March 2025 Units Offering.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In connection with the March 2025 Units Offering,
we entered into a finder&rsquo;s fee agreement with Research Capital Corporation (&ldquo;Research Capital&rdquo;), dated as of February&nbsp;3,
2025, pursuant to which the Company will pay Research Capital at the closing of the March 2025 Units Offering (i) a payment of up to
7.5% of the gross proceeds raised from subscriptions in the March 2025 Units Offering from persons introduced to the Company by Research
Capital, payable in cash; and (ii) the issuance of the Finder&rsquo;s Warrant of the Company to Research Capital of up to 7.5% of the
March 2025 Units subscribed for by person introduced to the Company by Research Capital. Each Finder&rsquo;s Warrant will be exercisable
to purchase one additional Common Stock at $3.00 per share for a period of 3 years from the date of issuance of such Finder&rsquo;s Warrant.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 14; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->9<!-- Field: /Sequence --></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt"></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Firefly issued warrants to purchase 25,958 shares
of common stock (the &ldquo;Finder&rsquo;s Warrants&rdquo;) to Canaccord and Research Capital, pursuant to the above finder&rsquo;s fee
agreements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>June 2025 Units Offering Pre-Funded Warrant,
$3.50 Warrants, and $4.00 Warrants</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>&nbsp;</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In connection with the units offering (the &ldquo;June
2025 Units Offering&rdquo;) pursuant to the securities purchase agreement, dated as of June 16, 2025, by and between the Company and
certain investors (the &ldquo;June 205 Units Offering InvestorS&rdquo;), under which the Company sold 400,000 of units (each a &ldquo;June
2025 Unit&rdquo; and, collectively the &ldquo;June 2025 Units&rdquo;), at a purchase price of $3.00 per June 2025 Unit, the Company issued
prefunded warrant&nbsp;to purchase shares of common stock at a nominal exercise price of $0.0001 per share (the &ldquo;June 2025 Pre-Funded
Warrant&rdquo;), to the extent that acquiring the shares of common stock instead of the June 2025 Units Offering Pre-Funded Warrant&nbsp;would
have caused the investors to own in excess of 4.99% of the outstanding Common Stock on a post-issuance basis.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">These warrants are exercisable at any time from
the initial exercise date until exercised in full, and may be exercised on a cashless basis if there is no effective registration statement
covering the issuance of the underlying shares. The warrants are subject to standard anti-dilution adjustments for stock splits, stock
dividends, recapitalizations, and similar corporate events. A beneficial ownership limitation restricts the holder from exercising the
warrant to the extent that, after such exercise, the holder (together with its affiliates and certain related parties) would beneficially
own more than 4.99% of the outstanding Common Stock, unless the holder elects to increase this limit (up to 9.99%) with at least sixty-one
(61) days&rsquo; prior written notice to Firefly. The warrants are transferable, subject to compliance with applicable securities laws,
and provide for adjustment in the event of certain fundamental transactions, such as mergers or sales of substantially all assets, ensuring
the holder receives equivalent value in the successor entity.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In connection with the June 2025 Unites Offering,
the Company also issued the warrants to purchase shares of common stock at an exercise price of $3.50 per share (the &ldquo;$3.50 Warrants&rdquo;)
and the warrants to purchase shares of common stock at an exercise price of $4.00 per share (the &ldquo;4.00 Warrants&rdquo;), to the
June 2025 Units Offering Investors. These warrants are exercisable at any time from the initial exercise date until the fifth anniversary
of such date, and may be exercised in whole or in part. If a registration statement is not effective for the resale of the underlying
shares, the warrants may be exercised on a cashless basis, allowing the holder to receive a net number of shares based on the market
price and the exercise price. The warrants include a beneficial ownership limitation, generally set at 4.99% of the outstanding Common
Stock post-exercise, which may be increased by the holder up to 9.99% with sixty-one (61) days&rsquo; prior notice to the Company. These
warrants are transferable, subject to compliance with applicable securities laws, and provide for adjustments in the event of fundamental
transactions, such as mergers or asset sales, to ensure the holder receives equivalent value in the successor entity.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Transfer Agent and Registrar</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The transfer agent for our Common Stock is Broadridge
Corporate Issuer Solutions, LLC, 51 Mercedes Way, Edgewood, NY 11717.&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Listing of Common Stock</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our common stock is listed on Nasdaq under the
symbol &ldquo;AIFF.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 15; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->10<!-- Field: /Sequence --></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt"></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><A NAME="a_008"></A>DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following is a summary of the general terms
of the debt securities that we may issue. We will file a prospectus supplement that may contain additional terms when we issue debt securities.
The terms presented here, together with the terms in a related prospectus supplement, will be a description of the material terms of
the debt securities. You should also read the indenture under which the debt securities are to be issued. We have filed a form of indenture
governing different types of debt securities with the SEC as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms
a part. All capitalized terms have the meanings specified in the indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We may issue, from time to time, debt securities,
in one or more series, that will consist of senior debt, senior subordinated debt or subordinated debt. We refer to the subordinated
debt securities and the senior subordinated debt securities together as the subordinated securities. The debt securities that we may
offer will be issued under an indenture between us and an entity, identified in the applicable prospectus supplement, as trustee. Debt
securities, whether senior, senior subordinated or subordinated, may be issued as convertible debt securities or exchangeable debt securities.
The following is a summary of the material provisions of the indenture filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this
prospectus forms a part.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>As you read this section, please remember
that for each series of debt securities, the specific terms of your debt security as described in the applicable prospectus supplement
will supplement and, if applicable, may modify or replace the general terms described in the summary below. The statement we make in
this section may not apply to your debt security. Prospective investors should rely on information in the applicable prospectus supplement
and not on the following information to the extent that the information in such prospectus supplement is different from the following
information.</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>&nbsp;</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>General Terms of the Indenture</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The indenture does not limit the amount of debt
securities that we may issue. It provides that we may issue debt securities up to the principal amount that we may authorize and may
be in any currency or currency unit that we may designate. We may, without the consent of the holders of any series, increase the principal
amount of securities in that series in the future, on the same terms and conditions and with the same CUSIP numbers as that series. Except
for the limitations on consolidation, merger and sale of all or substantially all of our assets contained in the indenture, the terms
of the indenture do not contain any covenants or other provisions designed to give holders of any debt securities protection against
changes in our operations, financial condition or transactions involving us.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We may issue the debt securities issued under
the indenture as &ldquo;discount securities,&rdquo; which means they may be sold at a discount below their stated principal amount. These
debt securities, as well as other debt securities that are not issued at a discount, may be issued with &ldquo;original issue discount&rdquo;,
or OID, for U.S. federal income tax purposes because of interest payment and other characteristics. Material U.S. federal income tax
considerations applicable to debt securities issued with original issue discount will be described in more detail in any applicable prospectus
supplement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The applicable prospectus supplement for a series
of debt securities that we issue will describe, among other things, the following terms of the offered debt securities:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the title and authorized
    denominations of the series of debt securities;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">any limit
    on the aggregate principal amount of the series of debt securities;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">whether
    such debt securities will be issued in fully registered form without coupons or in a form registered as to principal only with coupons
    or in bearer form with coupons;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">whether
    issued in the form of one or more global securities and whether all or a portion of the principal amount of the debt securities is
    represented thereby;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the price
    or prices at which the debt securities will be issued;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the date
    or dates on which principal is payable;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the place
    or places where and the manner in which principal, premium or interest, if any, will be payable and the place or places where the
    debt securities may be presented for transfer and, if applicable, conversion or exchange;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 16; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->11<!-- Field: /Sequence --></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt"></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">interest
    rates, and the dates from which interest, if any, will accrue, and the dates when interest is payable and the maturity;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the right,
    if any, to extend the interest payment periods and the duration of the extensions;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our rights
    or obligations to redeem or purchase the debt securities;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">any sinking
    fund or other provisions that would obligate us to repurchase or otherwise redeem some or all of the debt securities;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">conversion
    or exchange provisions, if any, including conversion or exchange prices or rates and adjustments thereto;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the currency
    or currencies of payment of principal or interest;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the terms
    applicable to any debt securities issued at a discount from their stated principal amount;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the terms,
    if any, under which any debt securities will rank junior to any of our other debt;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">whether
    and upon what terms the debt securities may be defeased, if different from the provisions set forth in the indenture;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">if the
    amount of payments of principal or interest is to be determined by reference to an index or formula, or based on a coin or currency
    other than that in which the debt securities are stated to be payable, the manner in which these amounts are determined and the calculation
    agent, if any, with respect thereto;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the provisions,
    if any, relating to any collateral provided for the debt securities;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">if other
    than the entire principal amount of the debt securities when issued, the portion of the principal amount payable upon acceleration
    of maturity as a result of a default on our obligations;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the events
    of default and covenants relating to the debt securities that are in addition to, modify or delete those described in this prospectus;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the nature
    and terms of any security for any secured debt securities; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">any other
    specific terms of any debt securities.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The applicable prospectus supplement will present
material U.S. federal income tax considerations for holders of any debt securities and the securities exchange or quotation system on
which any debt securities are to be listed or quoted.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Senior Debt Securities</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Payment of the principal of, premium and interest,
if any, on senior debt securities will rank on a parity with all of our other secured/unsecured and unsubordinated debt.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Senior Subordinated Debt Securities</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Payment of the principal of, premium and interest,
if any, on senior subordinated debt securities will be junior in right of payment to the prior payment in full of all of our unsubordinated
debt, including senior debt securities and any credit facility. We will state in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to any
senior subordinated debt securities the subordination terms of the securities as well as the aggregate amount of outstanding debt, as
of the most recent practicable date, that by its terms would be senior to the senior subordinated debt securities. We will also state
in such prospectus supplement limitations, if any, on issuance of additional senior debt.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 17; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->12<!-- Field: /Sequence --></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt"></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Subordinated Debt Securities</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Payment of the principal of, premium and interest,
if any, on subordinated debt securities will be subordinated and junior in right of payment to the prior payment in full of all of our
senior debt, including our senior debt securities and senior subordinated debt securities. We will state in the applicable prospectus
supplement relating to any subordinated debt securities the subordination terms of the securities as well as the aggregate amount of
outstanding indebtedness, as of the most recent practicable date, that by its terms would be senior to the subordinated debt securities.
We will also state in such prospectus supplement limitations, if any, on issuance of additional senior indebtedness.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Conversion or Exchange Rights</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Debt securities may be convertible into or exchangeable
for other securities being registered in this registration statement, including, for example, shares of our equity securities. The terms
and conditions of conversion or exchange will be stated in the applicable prospectus supplement. The terms will include, among others,
the following:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the conversion
    or exchange price;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the conversion
    or exchange period;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">provisions
    regarding the ability of us or the holder to convert or exchange the debt securities;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">events
    requiring adjustment to the conversion or exchange price; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">provisions
    affecting conversion or exchange in the event of our redemption of the debt securities.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Consolidation, Merger or Sale</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We cannot consolidate or merge with or into,
or transfer or lease all or substantially all of our assets to, any person, and we cannot permit any other person to consolidate with
or merge into us, unless (1) we will be the continuing corporation or (2) the successor corporation or person to which our assets are
transferred or leased is a corporation organized under the laws of the United States, any state of the United States or the District
of Columbia and it expressly assumes our obligations under the debt securities and the indenture. In addition, we cannot complete such
a transaction unless immediately after completing the transaction, no event of default under the indenture, and no event which, after
notice or lapse of time or both, would become an event of default under the indenture, shall have occurred and be continuing. When the
person to whom our assets are transferred or leased has assumed our obligations under the debt securities and the indenture, we shall
be discharged from all our obligations under the debt securities and the indenture except in limited circumstances.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This covenant would not apply to any recapitalization
transaction, a change of control of us or a highly leveraged transaction, unless the transaction or change of control were structured
to include a merger or consolidation or transfer or lease of all or substantially all of our assets.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Events of Default</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The term &ldquo;Event of Default,&rdquo; when
used in the indenture, unless otherwise indicated, means any of the following:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">failure
    to pay interest for 30 days after the date payment is due and payable;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">failure
    to pay principal or premium, if any, on any debt security when due, either at maturity, upon any redemption, by declaration or otherwise;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">failure
    to make sinking fund payments when due;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">failure
    to perform other covenants for 60&nbsp;days after notice that performance was required;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">events
    in bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization relating to us; or</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">any other
    Event of Default provided in the applicable officer&rsquo;s certificate, resolution of our board of directors or the supplemental
    indenture under which we issue a series of debt securities.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 18; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->13<!-- Field: /Sequence --></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt"></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">An Event of Default for a particular series of
debt securities does not necessarily constitute an Event of Default for any other series of debt securities issued under the indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If an Event of Default with respect to any series
of senior debt securities occurs and is continuing, then either the trustee for such series or the holders of a majority in aggregate
principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of such series, by notice in writing, may declare the principal amount of and interest
on all of the debt securities of such series to be due and payable immediately; provided, however, unless otherwise provided in the applicable
prospectus supplement, if such an Event of Default occurs and is continuing with respect to more than one series of senior debt securities
under the indenture, the trustee for such series or the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities
of all such series of senior debt securities of equal ranking (or, if any of such senior debt securities are discount securities, such
portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms of that series), voting as one class, may make such declaration of acceleration
as to all series of such equal ranking and not the holders of the debt securities of any one of such series of senior debt securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If an Event of Default with respect to any series
of subordinated securities occurs and is continuing, then either the trustee for such series or the holders of a majority in aggregate
principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of such series, by notice in writing, may declare the principal amount of and interest
on all of the debt securities of such series to be due and payable immediately; provided, however, unless otherwise provided in the applicable
prospectus supplement, if such an Event of Default occurs and is continuing with respect to more than one series of subordinated securities
under the indenture, the trustee for such series or the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities
of all such series of subordinated securities of equal ranking (or, if any of such subordinated securities are discount securities, such
portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms of that series), voting as one class, may make such declaration of acceleration
as to all series of equal ranking and not the holders of the debt securities of any one of such series of subordinated securities. The
holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the debt securities of all affected series of equal ranking may,
after satisfying certain conditions, rescind and annul any of the above-described declarations and consequences involving such series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If an Event of Default relating to events in
bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization of us occurs and is continuing, then the principal amount of all of the debt securities outstanding,
and any accrued interest, will automatically become due and payable immediately, without any declaration or other act by the trustee
or any holder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The indenture imposes limitations on suits brought
by holders of debt securities against us. Except for actions for payment of overdue principal or interest, no holder of debt securities
of any series may institute any action against us under the indenture unless:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the holder
    has previously given to the trustee written notice of default and continuance of such default;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the holders
    of not less than a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of the affected series of equal ranking have requested
    that the trustee institute the action;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the requesting
    holders have offered the trustee reasonable indemnity for expenses and liabilities that may be incurred by bringing the action;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the trustee
    has not instituted the action within 60&nbsp;days of the request; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the trustee
    has not received inconsistent direction by the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of the
    affected series of equal ranking.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We will be required to file annually with the
trustee a certificate, signed by one of our officers, stating whether or not the officer knows of any default by us in the performance,
observance or fulfillment of any condition or covenant of the indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Registered Global Securities and Book Entry
System</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The debt securities of a series may be issued
in whole or in part in book-entry form and may be represented by one or more fully registered global securities or in unregistered form
with or without coupons. We will deposit any registered global securities with a depositary or with a nominee for a depositary identified
in the applicable prospectus supplement and registered in the name of such depositary or nominee. In such case, we will issue one or
more registered global securities denominated in an amount equal to the aggregate principal amount of all of the debt securities of the
series to be issued and represented by such registered global security or securities. This means that we will not issue certificates
to each holder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 19; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->14<!-- Field: /Sequence --></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt"></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Unless and until it is exchanged in whole or
in part for debt securities in definitive registered form, a registered global security may not be transferred except as a whole:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">by the
    depositary for such registered global security to its nominee;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">by a nominee
    of the depositary to the depositary or another nominee of the depositary; or</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">by the
    depositary or its nominee to a successor of the depositary or a nominee of the successor.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The prospectus supplement relating to a series
of debt securities will describe the specific terms of the depositary arrangement involving any portion of the series represented by
a registered global security. We anticipate that the following provisions will apply to all depositary arrangements for registered debt
securities:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ownership
    of beneficial interests in a registered global security will be limited to persons that have accounts with the depositary for such
    registered global security, these persons being referred to as &ldquo;participants,&rdquo; or persons that may hold interests through
    participants;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">upon the
    issuance of a registered global security, the depositary for the registered global security will credit, on its book-entry registration
    and transfer system, the participants&rsquo; accounts with the respective principal amounts of the debt securities represented by
    the registered global security beneficially owned by the participants;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">any dealers,
    underwriters, or agents participating in the distribution of the debt securities represented by a registered global security will
    designate the accounts to be credited; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ownership
    of beneficial interest in such registered global security will be shown on, and the transfer of such ownership interest will be effected
    only through, records maintained by the depositary for such registered global security for interests of participants, and on the
    records of participants for interests of persons holding through participants.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The laws of some states may require that specified
purchasers of securities take physical delivery of the securities in definitive form. These laws may limit the ability of those persons
to own, transfer or pledge beneficial interests in registered global securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">So long as the depositary for a registered global
security, or its nominee, is the registered owner of such registered global security, the depositary or such nominee, as the case may
be, will be considered the sole owner or holder of the debt securities represented by the registered global security for all purposes
under the indenture. Except as stated below, owners of beneficial interests in a registered global security:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">will not
    be entitled to have the debt securities represented by a registered global security registered in their names;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">will not
    receive or be entitled to receive physical delivery of the debt securities in the definitive form; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">will not
    be considered the owners or holders of the debt securities under the relevant indenture.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Accordingly, each person owning a beneficial
interest in a registered global security must rely on the procedures of the depositary for the registered global security and, if the
person is not a participant, on the procedures of a participant through which the person owns its interest, to exercise any rights of
a holder under the indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We understand that under existing industry practices,
if we request any action of holders or if an owner of a beneficial interest in a registered global security desires to give or take any
action that a holder is entitled to give or take under the indenture, the depositary for the registered global security would authorize
the participants holding the relevant beneficial interests to give or take the action, and the participants would authorize beneficial
owners owning through the participants to give or take the action or would otherwise act upon the instructions of beneficial owners holding
through them.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 20; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->15<!-- Field: /Sequence --></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt"></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We will make payments of principal and premium,
if any, and interest, if any, on debt securities represented by a registered global security registered in the name of a depositary or
its nominee to the depositary or its nominee, as the case may be, as the registered owners of the registered global security. None of
us, the trustee or any other agent of ours or the trustee will be responsible or liable for any aspect of the records relating to, or
payments made on account of, beneficial ownership interests in the registered global security or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing
any records relating to the beneficial ownership interests.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We expect that the depositary for any debt securities
represented by a registered global security, upon receipt of any payments of principal and premium, if any, and interest, if any, in
respect of the registered global security, will immediately credit participants&rsquo; accounts with payments in amounts proportionate
to their respective beneficial interests in the registered global security as shown on the records of the depositary. We also expect
that standing customer instructions and customary practices will govern payments by participants to owners of beneficial interests in
the registered global security held through the participants, as is now the case with the securities held for the accounts of customers
in bearer form or registered in &ldquo;street name.&rdquo; We also expect that any of these payments will be the responsibility of the
participants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If the depositary for any debt securities represented
by a registered global security is at any time unwilling or unable to continue as depositary or stops being a clearing agency registered
under the Exchange Act, we will appoint an eligible successor depositary. If we fail to appoint an eligible successor depositary within
90 days, we will issue the debt securities in definitive form in exchange for the registered global security. In addition, we may at
any time and in our sole discretion decide not to have any of the debt securities of a series represented by one or more registered global
securities. In that event, we will issue debt securities of the series in a definitive form in exchange for all of the registered global
securities representing the debt securities. The trustee will register any debt securities issued in definitive form in exchange for
a registered global security in the name or names as the depositary, based upon instructions from its participants, shall instruct the
trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We may also issue bearer debt securities of a
series in the form of one or more global securities, referred to as &ldquo;bearer global securities&rdquo;. The prospectus supplement
relating to a series of debt securities represented by a bearer global security will describe the applicable terms and procedures. These
will include the specific terms of the depositary arrangement and any specific procedures for the issuance of debt securities in definitive
form in exchange for a bearer global security, in proportion to the series represented by a bearer global security.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Discharge, Defeasance and Covenant Defeasance</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We can discharge or decrease our obligations
under the indenture as stated below.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We may discharge obligations to holders of any
series of debt securities that have not already been delivered to the trustee for cancellation and that have either become due and payable
or are by their terms to become due and payable, or are scheduled for redemption, within sixty (60) days. We may effect a discharge by
irrevocably depositing with the trustee cash or U.S. government obligations, as trust funds, in an amount certified to be enough to pay
when due, whether at maturity, upon redemption or otherwise, the principal of, premium and interest, if any, on the debt securities and
any mandatory sinking fund payments.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Unless otherwise provided in the applicable prospectus
supplement, we may also discharge any and all of our obligations to holders of any series of debt securities at any time, which we refer
to as defeasance. We may also be released from the obligations imposed by any covenants of any outstanding series of debt securities
and provisions of the indenture, and we may omit to comply with those covenants without creating an event of default under the trust
declaration, which we refer to as covenant defeasance. We may effect defeasance and covenant defeasance only if, among other things:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">we irrevocably
    deposit with the trustee cash or U.S. government obligations, as trust funds, in an amount certified to be enough to pay at maturity,
    or upon redemption, the principal, premium and interest, if any, on all outstanding debt securities of the series;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">we deliver
    to the trustee an opinion of counsel from a nationally recognized law firm to the effect that the holders of the series of debt securities
    will not recognize income, gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a result of the defeasance or covenant defeasance
    and that defeasance or covenant defeasance will not otherwise alter the holders&rsquo; U.S. federal income tax treatment of principal,
    premium and interest, if any, payments on the series of debt securities; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">in the
    case of subordinated debt securities, no event or condition shall exist that, based on the subordination provisions applicable to
    the series, would prevent us from making payments of principal of, premium and interest, if any, on any of the applicable subordinated
    debt securities at the date of the irrevocable deposit referred to above or at any time during the period ending on the 91st day
    after the deposit date.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 21; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->16<!-- Field: /Sequence --></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt"></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In the case of a defeasance by us, the opinion
we deliver must be based on a ruling of the Internal Revenue Service issued, or a change in U.S. federal income tax law occurring, after
the date of the indenture, since such a result would not occur under the U.S. federal income tax laws in effect on such date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Although we may discharge or decrease our obligations
under the indenture as described in the two preceding paragraphs, we may not avoid, among other things, our duty to register the transfer
or exchange of any series of debt securities, to replace any temporary, mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen series of debt securities
or to maintain an office or agency in respect of any series of debt securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Modification of the Indenture</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The indenture provides that we and the trustee
may enter into supplemental indentures without the consent of the holders of debt securities to:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">secure
    any debt securities and provide the terms and conditions for the release or substitution of the security;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">evidence
    the assumption by a successor corporation of our obligations;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">add covenants
    for the protection of the holders of debt securities;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">add any
    additional events of default;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">cure any
    ambiguity or correct any inconsistency or defect in the indenture;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">add to,
    change or eliminate any of the provisions of the indenture in a manner that will become effective only when there is no outstanding
    debt security which is entitled to the benefit of the provision as to which the modification would apply;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">establish
    the forms or terms of debt securities of any series;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">eliminate
    any conflict between the terms of the indenture and the Trust Indenture Act of 1939;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">evidence
    and provide for the acceptance of appointment by a successor trustee and add to or change any of the provisions of the indenture
    as is necessary for the administration of the trusts by more than one trustee; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">make any
    other provisions with respect to matters or questions arising under the indenture that will not be inconsistent with any provision
    of the indenture as long as the new provisions do not adversely affect the interests of the holders of any outstanding debt securities
    of any series created prior to the modification.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The indenture also provides that we and the trustee
may, with the consent of the holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of debt securities of all series of senior
debt securities or of Subordinated Securities of equal ranking, as the case may be, then outstanding and affected, voting as one class,
add any provisions to, or change in any manner, eliminate or modify in any way the provisions of, the indenture or modify in any manner
the rights of the holders of the debt securities. We and the trustee may not, however, without the consent of the holder of each outstanding
debt security affected thereby:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">extend
    the final maturity of any debt security;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">reduce
    the principal amount or premium, if any;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">reduce
    the rate or extend the time of payment of interest;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 22; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->17<!-- Field: /Sequence --></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt"></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">reduce
    any amount payable on redemption or impair or affect any right of redemption at the option of the holder of the debt security;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">change
    the currency in which the principal, premium or interest, if any, is payable;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">reduce
    the amount of the principal of any debt security issued with an original issue discount that is payable upon acceleration or provable
    in bankruptcy;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">alter
    provisions of the relevant indenture relating to the debt securities not denominated in U.S. dollars;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">impair
    the right to institute suit for the enforcement of any payment on any debt security when due;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">if applicable,
    adversely affect the right of a holder to convert or exchange a debt security; or</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">reduce
    the percentage of holders of debt securities of any series whose consent is required for any modification of the indenture.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The indenture provides that the holders of not
less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the then outstanding debt securities of any and all affected series of equal ranking,
by notice to the relevant trustee, may on behalf of the holders of the debt securities of any and all such series of equal ranking waive
any default and its consequences under the indenture except:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">a continuing
    default in the payment of interest on, premium, if any, or principal of, any such debt security held by a non-consenting holder;
    or</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">a default
    in respect of a covenant or provision of the indenture that cannot be modified or amended without the consent of the holder of each
    outstanding debt security of each series affected.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Concerning the Trustee</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The indenture provides that there may be more
than one trustee under the indenture, each for one or more series of debt securities. If there are different trustees for different series
of debt securities, each trustee will be a trustee of a trust under the indenture separate and apart from the trust administered by any
other trustee under that indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Except as otherwise indicated in this prospectus
or any prospectus supplement, any action permitted to be taken by a trustee may be taken by such trustee only on the one or more series
of debt securities for which it is the trustee under the indenture. Any trustee under the indenture may resign or be removed from one
or more series of debt securities. All payments of principal of, premium and interest, if any, on, and all registration, transfer, exchange,
authentication and delivery of, the debt securities of a series will be effected by the trustee for that series at an office designated
by the trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If the trustee becomes a creditor of ours, the
indenture places limitations on the right of the trustee to obtain payment of claims or to realize on property received in respect of
any such claim as security or otherwise. The trustee may engage in other transactions. If it acquires any conflicting interest relating
to any duties concerning the debt securities, however, it must eliminate the conflict or resign as trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The holders of a majority in aggregate principal
amount of any and all affected series of debt securities of equal ranking then outstanding will have the right to direct the time, method
and place of conducting any proceeding for exercising any remedy available to the trustee concerning the applicable series of debt securities,
provided that the direction:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">would
    not conflict with any rule of law or with the relevant indenture;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">would
    not be unduly prejudicial to the rights of another holder of the debt securities; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">would
    not involve any trustee in personal liability.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The indenture provides that in case an Event
of Default shall occur, not be cured and be known to any trustee, the trustee must use the same degree of care as a prudent person would
use in the conduct of his or her own affairs in the exercise of the trustee&rsquo;s power. The trustee will be under no obligation to
exercise any of its rights or powers under the indenture at the request of any of the holders of the debt securities, unless they shall
have offered to the trustee security and indemnity satisfactory to the trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 23; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->18<!-- Field: /Sequence --></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt"></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>No Individual Liability of Incorporators,
Stockholders, Officers or Directors</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">No recourse under or upon any obligation, covenant
or agreement of this Indenture, or of any debt security thereunder, or for any claim based thereon or otherwise in respect thereof, shall
be had against any incorporator, stockholder, officer or director, as such, past, present or future, of the Company or of any successor
corporation, either directly or through the Company, whether by virtue of any constitution, statute or rule of law, or by the enforcement
of any assessment or penalty or otherwise; it being expressly understood that this Indenture and the obligations issued hereunder are
solely corporate obligations of the Company, and that no such personal liability whatever shall attach to, or is or shall be incurred
by, the incorporators, stockholders, officers or directors, as such, of the Company or of any successor corporation, or any of them.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Governing Law</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The indenture and the debt securities will be
governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of New York.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><A NAME="a_009"></A>DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We may issue warrants for the purchase of our
common stock, preferred stock, or debt securities in one or more series. We may issue warrants independently or together with our common
stock, preferred stock, or debt securities, and the warrants may be attached to or traded separate and apart from these securities. Each
series of warrants will be issued under a warrant agreement, all as set forth in the prospectus supplement. The applicable prospectus
supplement or term sheet will describe the terms of the warrants offered thereby, any warrant agreement relating to such warrants and
the warrant certificates, including but not limited to the following:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the title
    of the warrants;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the offering
    price or prices of the warrants, if any;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the minimum
    or maximum amount of the warrants which may be exercised at any one time;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the currency
    or currency units in which the offering price, if any, and the exercise price are payable;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the number
    of securities, if any, with which such warrants are being offered and the number of such warrants being offered with each security;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the date,
    if any, on and after which such warrants and the related securities, if any, will be transferable separately;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the amount
    of securities purchasable upon exercise of each warrant and the price at which the securities may be purchased upon such exercise,
    and events or conditions under which the amount of securities may be subject to adjustment;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the date
    on which the right to exercise such warrants shall commence and the date on which such right shall expire;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the circumstances,
    if any, which will cause the warrants to be deemed to be automatically exercised;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">any material
    risk factors, if any, relating to such warrants;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the identity
    of any warrant agent; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">any other
    material terms of the warrants.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Prior to the exercise of any warrants, holders
of such warrants will not have any rights of holders of the securities purchasable upon such exercise, including the right to receive
payments of dividends or the right to vote such underlying securities. Prospective purchasers of warrants should be aware that material
U.S. federal income tax, accounting and other considerations may be applicable to instruments such as warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 24; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->19<!-- Field: /Sequence --></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt"></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><A NAME="a_010"></A>DESCRIPTION OF SUBSCRIPTION RIGHTS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We may issue subscription rights to purchase
our common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants or units consisting of some or all of these securities. These subscription
rights may be offered independently or together with any other security offered hereby and may or may not be transferable by the stockholder
receiving the subscription rights in such offering. In connection with any offering of subscription rights, we may enter into a standby
arrangement with one or more underwriters or other purchasers pursuant to which the underwriters or other purchasers may be required
to purchase any securities remaining unsubscribed for after such offering.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The prospectus supplement relating to any subscription
rights we offer, if any, will, to the extent applicable, include specific terms relating to the offering, including some or all of the
following:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the price,
    if any, for the subscription rights;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the exercise
    price payable for our common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants or units consisting of some or all of these securities
    upon the exercise of the subscription rights;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the number
    of subscription rights to be issued to each stockholder;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the number
    and terms of our common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants or units consisting of some or all of these securities
    which may be purchased per each subscription right;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the extent
    to which the subscription rights are transferable;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">any other
    terms of the subscription rights, including the terms, procedures and limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of the subscription
    rights;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the date
    on which the right to exercise the subscription rights shall commence, and the date on which the subscription rights shall expire;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the extent
    to which the subscription rights may include an over-subscription privilege with respect to unsubscribed securities or an over-allotment
    privilege to the extent the securities are fully subscribed; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">if applicable,
    the material terms of any standby underwriting or purchase arrangement which may be entered into by us in connection with the offering
    of subscription rights.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The descriptions of the subscription rights in
this prospectus and in any prospectus supplement are summaries of the material provisions of the applicable subscription right agreements.
These descriptions do not restate those subscription right agreements in their entirety and may not contain all the information that
you may find useful. We urge you to read the applicable subscription right agreements because they, and not the summaries, define your
rights as holders of the subscription rights. For more information, please review the forms of the relevant subscription right agreements,
which will be filed with the SEC promptly after the offering of subscription rights and will be available as described in the section
of this prospectus titled &ldquo;<I>Where You Can Find More Information</I>&rdquo;.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><A NAME="a_011"></A>DESCRIPTION OF UNITS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We may issue units comprised of one or more of
the other securities described in this prospectus in any combination. Each unit will be issued so that the holder of the unit is also
the holder of each security included in the unit. Thus, the holder of a unit will have the rights and obligations of a holder of each
included security. The unit agreement under which a unit is issued may provide that the securities included in the unit may not be held
or transferred separately, at any time or at any time before a specified date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The applicable prospectus supplement may describe:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the designation
    and terms of the units and of the securities comprising the units, including whether and under what circumstances those securities
    may be held or transferred separately;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">any provisions
    for the issuance, payment, settlement, transfer or exchange of the units or of the securities comprising the units; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">any additional
    terms of the governing unit agreement.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The applicable prospectus supplement will describe
the terms of any units. The preceding description and any description of units in the applicable prospectus supplement does not purport
to be complete and is subject to and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the unit agreement and, if applicable, collateral arrangements
and depositary arrangements relating to such units.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 25; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->20<!-- Field: /Sequence --></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt"></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><A NAME="a_012"></A>PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We may sell the securities offered by this prospectus
in any one or more of the following ways (or in any combination) from time to time:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">directly
    to investors, including through privately negotiated transactions, a specific bidding, auction or other process;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">to investors
    through agents;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">directly
    to agents;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">to or
    through underwriters or dealers;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">in &ldquo;at
    the market&rdquo; offerings, within the meaning of the Rule 415(a)(4) of the Securities Act, to or through a market maker or into
    an existing trading market on an exchange or otherwise;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">through
    a combination of any such methods of sale; or</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">through
    any other method permitted by applicable law and described in the applicable prospectus supplement.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The accompanying prospectus supplement will set
forth the terms of the offering and the method of distribution and will identify any firms acting as underwriters, dealers or agents
in connection with the offering, including:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the names
    and addresses of any underwriters, dealers or agents;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the purchase
    price of the securities and the proceeds to us from the sale, if any;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">any over-allotment
    options under which underwriters may purchase additional securities from us;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">any underwriting
    discounts and other items constituting compensation to underwriters, dealers or agents;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">any public
    offering price, any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">any securities
    exchange or market on which the securities offered in the prospectus supplement may be listed.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If underwriters are used in the sale, the underwriters
will acquire the offered securities for their own account and may resell them from time to time in one or more transactions, including
negotiated transactions, at a fixed public offering price or at varying prices determined at the time of sale. The offered securities
may be offered either to the public through underwriting syndicates represented by one or more managing underwriters or by one or more
underwriters without a syndicate. Unless otherwise set forth in a prospectus supplement, the obligations of the underwriters to purchase
any series of securities will be subject to certain conditions precedent and the underwriters will be obligated to purchase all of such
series of securities if any are purchased. Only those underwriters identified in such prospectus supplement are deemed to be underwriters
in connection with the securities offered in the prospectus supplement. Any underwritten offering may be on a best efforts or a firm
commitment basis.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 26; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->21<!-- Field: /Sequence --></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt"></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In connection with the sale of our securities,
underwriters or agents may receive compensation (in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions) from us, or from purchasers of
securities for whom they may act as agents. Underwriters may sell securities to or through dealers, and such dealers may receive compensation
in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the underwriters and/or commissions from the purchasers for whom they may act
as agents. Underwriters, dealers and agents that participate in the distribution of our securities may be deemed to be &ldquo;underwriters&rdquo;
as that term is defined in the Securities Act, and any discounts allowed or commissions paid, and any profit on the resale of the securities
they realize may be deemed to be underwriting discounts and commissions under the Securities Act. Any person who may be deemed to be
an underwriter will be identified, and the compensation received from us will be described, in the prospectus supplement. Maximum compensation
to any underwriters, dealers or agents will not exceed any applicable Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. limitations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Underwriters and agents may be entitled to indemnification
by us against some civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or to contributions with respect to payments which
the underwriters or agents may be required to make relating to these liabilities. Underwriters and agents may be customers of, engage
in transactions with, or perform services for us in the ordinary course of business.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Any common stock sold pursuant to a prospectus
supplement will be listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market, or listed on the exchange where our common stock is then listed, subject where
applicable, to official notice of issuance and where applicable, subject to the requirements of the exchange (which in some cases require
stockholder approval for any transactions which would result in the issuance of 20% or more of our then outstanding shares of common
stock or voting rights representing 20% or more of our then outstanding shares of stock). We may elect to list any series of debt securities
or preferred stock, on an exchange, but we are not obligated to do so. It is possible that one or more underwriters may make a market
in the securities, but such underwriters will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time without notice.
No assurance can be given as to the liquidity of, or the trading market for, any offered securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The aggregate proceeds to us from the sale of
our common stock will be the purchase price of our common stock less discounts or commissions, if any. We reserve the right to accept
and, together with our agents from time to time, to reject, in whole or in part, any proposed purchase of our common stock to be made
directly or through agents.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">To facilitate the offering of the common stock
offered by us, certain persons participating in the offering may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect
the price of our common stock. This may include over-allotments or short sales, which involve the sale by persons participating in the
offering of more shares than were sold to them. In these circumstances, these persons would cover such over-allotments or short positions
by making purchases in the open market or by exercising their over-allotment option, if any. In addition, these persons may stabilize
or maintain the price of our common stock by bidding for or purchasing shares in the open market or by imposing penalty bids, whereby
selling concessions allowed to dealers participating in the offering may be reclaimed if shares sold by them are repurchased in connection
with stabilization transactions. The effect of these transactions may be to stabilize or maintain the market price of our common stock
at a level above that which might otherwise prevail in the open market. These transactions may be discontinued at any time.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><A NAME="a_013"></A>LEGAL MATTERS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Certain legal matters relating to the issuance
and sale of the securities offered hereby will be passed upon for us by Bevilacqua PLLC. Additional legal matters may be passed on for
us, or any underwriters, dealers or agents, by counsel that we will name in the applicable prospectus supplement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><A NAME="a_014"></A>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>EXPERTS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The financial statements of the Company as of
and for the year ended December 31, 2024 incorporated by reference in this prospectus and registration statement have been audited by
CBIZ Canada, LLP (formerly known as Marcum Canada, LLP), independent registered public accounting firm, and the financial statements of
the Company as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023 incorporated by reference in this prospectus and registration statement have
been audited by Turner, Stone &amp; Company LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their respective reports
thereon appearing elsewhere herein,&nbsp;and are included in reliance upon such report given on the authority of such firm as experts
in accounting and auditing.</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 27; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->22<!-- Field: /Sequence --></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt"></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><A NAME="a_015"></A>WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION; DOCUMENTS
INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Available Information </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We file annual, quarterly and current reports,
proxy statements, and other information with the SEC. The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements
and other information regarding companies, such as ours, that file documents electronically with the SEC. The website address is https://www.sec.gov.
Copies of certain information filed by us with the SEC are also available on our website at https://www.fireflyneuro.com. Information
accessible on or through our website is not a part of this prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This prospectus is part of a registration statement
that we filed with the SEC and does not contain all of the information in the registration statement. You should review the information
and exhibits in the registration statement for further information on us and the securities that we are offering. Statements in this
prospectus about these documents are summaries and each statement is qualified in all respects by reference to the document to which
it refers. You should read the actual documents for a more complete description of the relevant matters.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Incorporation by Reference</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The SEC allows us to incorporate by reference
much of the information that we file with the SEC, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to
those publicly available documents. The information that we incorporate by reference in this prospectus is considered to be part of this
prospectus. Because we are incorporating by reference future filings with the SEC, this prospectus is continually updated and those future
filings may modify or supersede some of the information included or incorporated by reference in this prospectus. This means that you
must look at all of the SEC filings that we incorporate by reference to determine if any of the statements in this prospectus or in any
document previously incorporated by reference have been modified or superseded. This prospectus incorporates by reference the documents
listed below and any future filings we make with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act (in each case,
other than those documents or the portions of those documents furnished pursuant to Items 2.02 or 7.01 of any Current Report on Form
8-K and, except as may be noted in any such Form 8-K, exhibits filed on such form that are related to such information), including after
the date of the initial registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part was filed and prior to effectiveness of the registration
statement of which this prospectus forms a part, until the offering of the securities under the registration statement of which this
prospectus forms a part is terminated:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
    Annual Report on </FONT><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/803578/000143774925010818/wavd20241231c_10k.htm"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form
    10-K</FONT></A> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">for the fiscal year ended December 31,
    2024, filed with the SEC on April 3, 2025;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our Quarterly
    Report on </FONT><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/803578/000121390025108474/ea0262535-10q_firefly.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form
    10-Q</FONT></A> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">for the quarterly period ended September
    30, 2025, filed with the SEC on November 12, 2025;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our Quarterly
    Report on </FONT><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/803578/000143774925026538/wavd20250630c_10q.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form
    10-Q</FONT></A> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">for the quarterly period ended June 30,
    2025, filed with the SEC on August 13, 2025;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our Quarterly
    Report on </FONT><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/803578/000143774925016587/wavd20250331_10q.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form
    10-Q</FONT></A> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">for the quarterly period ended March 31,
    2025, filed with the SEC on May 14, 2025;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our Current
    Reports on Form 8-K (and any amendments thereto on Form 8-K/A) filed with the SEC on </FONT><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/803578/000121390025104680/ea0263454-8k_firefly.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">October
    31,&nbsp;2025,</FONT></A><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/803578/000121390025085006/ea0256226-8k_firefly.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">September
    5, 2025</FONT></A><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">,</FONT><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/803578/000143774925020488/wavd20250616_8k.htm">
    <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">June 16, 2025</FONT></A><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">,
    </FONT><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/803578/000143774925014384/wavd20250502_8k.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">May
    5, 2025</FONT></A><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">, </FONT><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/803578/000143774925012945/wavd20250424_8k.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April
    24, 2025</FONT></A><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">, </FONT><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/803578/000143774925010476/wavd20250331_8k.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April
    1, 2025</FONT></A><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">, </FONT><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/803578/000143774925007276/wavd20250312_8k.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">March
    12, 2025</FONT></A><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">, </FONT><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/803578/000143774925004033/wavd20250214_8k.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">February
    14, 2025</FONT></A><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">, and</FONT><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/803578/000143774925000481/wavd20250106_8k.htm">
    <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">January 6, 2025</FONT></A> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(other
    than information furnished and not filed); and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The description
    of the Registrant&rsquo;s common stock contained in&nbsp;</FONT><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/803578/000143774925010818/ex_785539.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Exhibit
    4.1</FONT></A><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;to the 2024 Annual Report on </FONT><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/803578/000143774925010818/wavd20241231c_10k.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form
    10-K</FONT></A> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024,
    filed with the SEC on&nbsp;April 3, 2025, including any amendment or report filed for the purpose of updating such description.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Any statement made in a document incorporated
by reference into this prospectus or any prospectus supplement will be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus
or such prospectus supplement to the extent that a statement contained in this prospectus or such prospectus supplement modifies or supersedes
that statement. Any statement so modified or superseded will not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part
of this prospectus or such prospectus supplement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We will provide to each person, including any
beneficial owner, to whom this prospectus is delivered, at no cost, upon written or oral request, a copy of any or all of the documents
that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus, other than exhibits to such documents unless such exhibits are specifically
incorporated by reference into such documents. Requests should be directed to Firefly Neuroscience, Inc., Attn: Secretary, 1100 Military
Road, Kenmore,&nbsp;NY 14217, or by calling us at (888) 237-6412.<BR STYLE="clear: both"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 28; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->23<!-- Field: /Sequence --></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt"></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><IMG SRC="image_002.jpg" ALT=""></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Firefly Neuroscience, Inc.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>$250,000,000</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Common Stock</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Preferred Stock</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Debt Securities</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Warrants</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Subscription Rights</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Units</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>PROSPECTUS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>_______, 2025</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 29 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt"></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>PART&nbsp;II<BR>
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN THE PROSPECTUS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Unless the context indicates otherwise, &ldquo;we,&rdquo;
&ldquo;us,&rdquo; &ldquo;our,&rdquo; &ldquo;Firefly,&rdquo; &ldquo;the Company,&rdquo; &ldquo;our company&rdquo; and similar references
in this &ldquo;Part II. Information Not Required in the Prospectus&rdquo; refer to the operations of Firefly Neuroscience, Inc., a Delaware
corporation.</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><BR>
Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following table sets forth the costs and
expenses, other than underwriting discounts, commissions and non-accountable expense allowance, payable by us in connection with the
sale of shares of the Company&rsquo;s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (&ldquo;common stock&rdquo;), being registered. All amounts,
other than the registration fee of the Securities and Exchange Commission (&ldquo;SEC&rdquo;) and the fee of the Financial Industry Regulatory
Authority, Inc. (&ldquo;FINRA&rdquo;), are estimates. We will pay all these expenses.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Amount</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD STYLE="width: 88%; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SEC registration
    fee</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">34,525</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">FINRA fee</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Printing expenses</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Legal fees and expenses</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Accounting fees and expenses</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Blue Sky, qualification fees
    and expenses</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Transfer agent fees and expenses</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Trustee fees and expenses</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Warrant agent fees and expenses</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Miscellaneous</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Total</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>$</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; font-size: 10pt">*</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The amount
    of securities and number of offerings are indeterminable, and the expenses cannot be estimated at this time. The foregoing sets forth
    the general categories of fees and expenses (other than underwriting discounts and commissions) that we anticipate we will incur
    in connection with the offering of securities under this registration statement.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Item 15. Indemnification of Directors and Officers </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation
Law (&ldquo;DGCL&rdquo;) provides that a corporation has the power to indemnify a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation,
or a person serving at the request of the corporation for another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise
in related capacities against expenses (including attorneys&rsquo; fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and
reasonably incurred by the person in connection with an action, suit or proceeding to which he was or is a party or is threatened to
be made a party to any threatened, ending or completed action, suit or proceeding by reason of such position, if such person acted in
good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and, in any criminal
action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe such person&rsquo;s conduct was unlawful, except that, in the case of actions
brought by or in the right of the corporation, no indemnification shall be made with respect to any claim, issue or matter as to which
such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the corporation unless and only to the extent that the Court of Chancery or other
adjudicating court determines that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all of the circumstances of the case, such person
is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the Court of Chancery or such other court shall deem proper.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation
of the Company, as amended, authorizes the Company to indemnify, and advance expenses to, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any
person who was or is a party to or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding,
whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative by reason of the fact that the person is or was a director, officer, employee
or agent of the Company, or is or was serving at the request of the Company as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation,
partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 30; Options: NewSection; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">II-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->1<!-- Field: /Sequence --></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt"></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company
(the &ldquo;Bylaws&rdquo;), require that we indemnify our directors and executive officers to the fullest extent permitted by law, provided
that we may modify the extent of such indemnification by individual contracts with directors and executive officers, and also provided&nbsp;that
we are not required to indemnify any director or executive officer in connection with any proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such
person unless (i) such indemnification is expressly required to be made by law, (ii)&nbsp;the proceeding was authorized by our board
of directors, (iii)&nbsp;such indemnification is provided by the Company, in its sole discretion, pursuant to the powers vested in the
Company under the DGCL or any other applicable law, or (iv) such indemnification is required to be made under the indemnification rights
enforcement provision of the Bylaws. Our obligation, if any, to indemnify any person pursuant to the Bylaws who was or is serving at
its request as a director, officer, employee, or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, enterprise, or nonprofit
entity shall be reduced by any amount such person may collect as indemnification from such other corporation, partnership, joint venture,
trust, enterprise, or nonprofit entity.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Bylaws also provide for advancement of expenses
to any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding,
whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, by reason of the fact that the person is or was a director or executive officer
of the Company, or is or was serving at the request of the Company as a director or executive officer of another corporation, partnership,
joint venture, trust or other enterprise, prior to the final disposition of the proceeding, promptly following request therefor, all
expenses actually and reasonably incurred by any director or executive officer in defending such proceeding, upon receipt of an undertaking
by or on behalf of such person to repay all amounts advanced if it shall ultimately be determined by final judicial decision from which
there is no further right to appeal that such person is not entitled to be indemnified for such expenses. Notwithstanding the foregoing,
generally no advance shall be made by the Company to an executive officer of the Company (except by reason of the fact that such executive
officer is or was a director of the Company) in any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative,
if a determination is reasonably and promptly made (i)&nbsp;by a majority vote of a quorum consisting of directors who were not parties
to the proceeding, even if not a quorum, or (ii)&nbsp;by a committee of such directors designated by a majority of such directors, even
though less than a quorum, or (iii) if there are no such directors, or such directors so direct, by independent legal counsel in a written
opinion, that the facts known to the decision-making party at the time such determination is made demonstrate clearly and convincingly
that such person acted in bad faith or in a manner that such person did not believe to be in or not opposed to the Company&rsquo;s interest.
The Company&rsquo;s obligation, if any, to indemnify any person pursuant to the Bylaws who was or is serving at its request as a director,
officer, employee, or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, enterprise, or nonprofit entity shall be reduced
by any amount such person may collect as indemnification from such other corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, enterprise,
or nonprofit entity. The Bylaws also permit the Company to indemnity its other officers, employees and other agents as set forth in the
DGCL. The board of directors has the power to delegate the determination of whether indemnification shall be given to any such person
except executive officers to such officers or other persons as the board of directors shall determine.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><BR>
We have also separately entered into an indemnification agreement with each of our directors and executive officers. Each indemnification
agreement provides for indemnification to the fullest extent permitted by law, including: (i) all expenses, judgments, penalties, fines
and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by a director or executive officer, or on their behalf, in connection
with any proceeding other than proceedings by or in the right of the Company or any claim, issue or matter therein, if the director or
executive officer acted in good faith and in a manner the director or executive officer reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to
the best interests of the Company, and with respect to any criminal proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe the director or executive
officer&rsquo;s conduct was unlawful; (ii) all expenses actually and reasonably incurred by a director or executive officer, or on their
behalf, in connection with a proceeding by or in the right of the Company if the director or executive officer acted in good faith and
in a manner the director or executive officer reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company, provided
that if applicable law so provides, no indemnification against such expenses shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter in
such proceeding as to which the director or executive officer shall have been adjudged to be liable to the Company unless and to the
extent that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware shall determine that such indemnification may be made; (iii) to the extent
that a director or executive officer is, by reason of the director or executive officer&rsquo;s director or executive officer status,
a party to and is successful, on the merits or otherwise, in any proceeding, including by dismissal of such proceeding with or without
prejudice, then the director or executive officer shall be indemnified to the maximum extent permitted by law, as such may be amended
from time to time, against all expenses actually and reasonably incurred by the director or executive officer or on the director or executive
officer&rsquo;s behalf in connection therewith; and (iv) all expenses, judgments, penalties, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually
and reasonably incurred by a director or executive officer or on a director or executive officer&rsquo;s behalf if, by reason of the
director or executive officer&rsquo;s status as a director or executive officer, the director or executive officer is, or is threatened
to be made, a party to or participant in any proceeding (including a proceeding by or in the right of the Company), including, without
limitation, all liability arising out of the negligence or active or passive wrongdoing of the director or executive officer, except
where the payment is finally determined (under the procedures, and subject to the presumptions, set forth in the indemnification agreements)
to be unlawful. The Company shall also advance all such expenses incurred by or on behalf of each director or executive officer in connection
with any of the above proceedings by reason of the director or executive officer&rsquo;s director or executive officer status within
30 days after the receipt by the Company of a statement or statements from the director or executive officer requesting such advance
or advances from time to time, whether prior to or after final disposition of such proceeding. Such statement or statements shall reasonably
evidence the expenses incurred by the director or executive officer and shall include or be preceded or accompanied by a written undertaking
by or on behalf of the director or executive officer to repay any expenses advanced if it shall ultimately be determined that the director
or executive officer is not entitled to be indemnified against such expenses. Any advances and undertakings to repay shall be unsecured
and interest free. The indemnification agreements also provide for payments by the Company for the entire amount of any judgment or settlement
of any action, suit or proceeding in which it is liable or would be liable if joined in such action, subject to the other terms and provisions
of the indemnification agreements, and certain other indemnification and payment obligations. The indemnification agreements also provide
that if we maintain a directors&rsquo; and officers&rsquo; liability insurance policy, that each director and executive officer will
be covered by the policy to the maximum extent of the coverage available for any of the Company&rsquo;s directors or executive officers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 31; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">II-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->2<!-- Field: /Sequence --></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt"></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We have obtained standard directors and officers
liability insurance under which coverage is provided (a)&nbsp;to our directors and officers against loss rising from claims made by reason
of breach of duty or other wrongful act, and (b)&nbsp;to us with respect to payments which we may make to such officers and directors
pursuant to the indemnification agreements described above or otherwise as a matter of&nbsp;law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The underwriting agreement with the underwriters
of the Company&rsquo;s initial public offering, filed as Exhibit&nbsp;1.1 to&nbsp;this registration statement, provides for indemnification,
under certain circumstances, by the underwriters of us and our officers and directors for certain liabilities arising under the Securities
Act of 1933, as amended (the &ldquo;Securities Act&rdquo;), or&nbsp;otherwise.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising
under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling us under the foregoing provisions, we have been
informed that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore
unenforceable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Item 16. Exhibits.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(a) Exhibits.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 9%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Exhibit No.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 1%; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 90%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Description</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.1*</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Underwriting Agreement.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/803578/000143774924002856/wavd20240129_s4a.htm#annexa1"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated November 15, 2023, by and among WaveDancer, Inc., FFN Merger Sub, Inc., and Firefly Neuroscience, Inc.&nbsp;(incorporated herein by reference to Annex A-1 to the Company&rsquo;s registration statement on Form S-4/A, filed with the SEC on February 2, 2024).</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.2</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/803578/000143774924002856/wavd20240129_s4a.htm#annexa2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Amendment No. 1 to Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated January 12, 2024, by and among by and among WaveDancer, Inc., FFN Merger Sub, Inc., and Firefly Neuroscience, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Annex A-2 to the Company&rsquo;s registration statement on Form S-4/A, filed with the SEC on February 2, 2024)</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.3</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/803578/000143774924020877/ex_690909.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Amendment No. 2 to Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated June 17, 2024, by and among by and among WaveDancer, Inc., FFN Merger Sub, Inc., and Firefly Neuroscience, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company&rsquo;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on June 21, 2024)</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.4</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/803578/000143774924002856/wavd20240129_s4a.htm#annexf"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Stock Purchase Agreement between Registrant and Wavetop Solutions, Inc., dated November 15, 2023 (incorporated herein by reference to Annex F to the Company&rsquo;s registration statement on Form S-4/A, filed with the SEC on February 2, 2024)</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/803578/000143774924026083/ex_712094.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Firefly Neuroscience, Inc (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company&rsquo;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on August 12, 2024).</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">3.2</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="ea026662801ex3-2_firefly.htm">Certificate of Amendment No.1 of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Firefly Neuroscience, Inc.</A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.3</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/803578/000143774924026083/ex_712182.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Amended and Restated Bylaws of Firefly Neuroscience, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company&rsquo;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on August 12, 2024).</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.1*</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Certificate of Designation for Preferred Stock</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.2*</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Preferred Stock Certificate</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.3*</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Indenture</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.4*</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Warrant Agreement</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.5*</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Warrant Certificate</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.6*</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Subscription Rights Agreement</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.7*</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Subscription Rights Certificate</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.8*</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Unit Agreement</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.9*</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Unit Certificate</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="ea026662801ex5-1_firefly.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Opinion of Bevilacqua PLLC</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">23.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="ea026662801ex23-1_firefly.htm">Consent of CBIZ Canada, LLP (formerly known as Marcum Canada, LLP)</A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">23.2</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="ea026662801ex23-2_firefly.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consent of Turner, Stone &amp; Company LLP</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">23.3</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="ea026662801ex5-1_firefly.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consent of Bevilacqua PLLC (included in Exhibit 5.1)</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">24.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#a_016"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Power of Attorney (included on the signature page of this registration statement)</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">25.1**</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form T-1 Statement of Eligibility to act as trustee under Indenture</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">107</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="ea026662801ex-fee_firefly.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Calculation of Filing Fee Table</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">To be
    filed, if applicable, by amendment or incorporated by reference pursuant to a Current Report on Form 8-K.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">**</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">To be
    filed separately pursuant to Section 305(b)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, if applicable.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(b) Financial Statement Schedules.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">All financial statement schedules are omitted
because the information called for is not required or is shown either in the financial statements or in the notes thereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 32; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">II-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->3<!-- Field: /Sequence --></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt"></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Item 17. Undertakings</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">(a) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">To file,
    during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">To include
    any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933 (the &ldquo;Securities Act&rdquo;);</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px; padding-top: 3pt; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; padding-top: 3pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ii)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 3pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">To
    reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of this registration statement (or the most recent
    post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set
    forth in this registration statement; notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if
    the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end
    of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission
    pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20% change in the maximum aggregate
    offering price set forth in the &ldquo;Calculation of Registration Fee&rdquo; table in the effective registration statement; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(iii)</FONT></TD>
    <TD><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">To include any material information with
    respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in this registration statement or any material change to such information
    in this registration statement;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>provided, however,&nbsp;</I>that: paragraphs
    (i), (ii) and (iii)&nbsp;do&nbsp;not&nbsp;apply&nbsp;if&nbsp;the&nbsp;registration&nbsp;statement&nbsp;is on Form&nbsp;S-1&nbsp;and
    the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished
    to the Commission by the registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the
    &ldquo;Exchange Act&rdquo;), that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus
    filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement;</P></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">That,
    for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a
    new registration statement relating to the securities offered herein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed
    to be the initial bona fide offering thereof;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">To remove
    from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination
    of the offering;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">That,
    for the purpose of determining liability under the&nbsp;Securities Act to any purchaser:</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Each prospectus
    filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed
    prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ii)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Each prospectus
    required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating
    to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by Section
    10(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of
    the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the
    offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that
    date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities
    in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed
    to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus
    that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration
    statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior
    to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part
    of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 33; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">II-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->4<!-- Field: /Sequence --></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt"></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(5)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">That,
    for the purpose of determining liability of the&nbsp;registrant&nbsp;under the&nbsp;Securities Act&nbsp;to any purchaser in the initial&nbsp;distribution&nbsp;of
    the securities, the undersigned&nbsp;registrant&nbsp;undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned&nbsp;registrant&nbsp;pursuant
    to this registration statement, regardless of the&nbsp;underwriting&nbsp;method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if
    the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned&nbsp;registrant&nbsp;will
    be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 12pt; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Any preliminary
    prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned&nbsp;registrant&nbsp;relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 12pt; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ii)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Any free
    writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned&nbsp;registrant&nbsp;or used or referred
    to by the undersigned&nbsp;registrant;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 12pt; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(iii)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The portion
    of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing&nbsp;material&nbsp;information about the undersigned&nbsp;registrant&nbsp;or
    its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned&nbsp;registrant; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 12pt; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(iv)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Any other
    communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned&nbsp;registrant&nbsp;to the purchaser.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">(b) Insofar as indemnification
for liabilities arising under the&nbsp;Securities Act&nbsp;may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant
pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the&nbsp;Securities and Exchange
Commission&nbsp;such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In
the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or
paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted
by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the
opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question
whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of
such issue.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 34; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">II-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->5<!-- Field: /Sequence --></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt"></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>SIGNATURES</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities
Act of 1933, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly
authorized, in the City of Kenmore, State of New York, on the 3<SUP>rd</SUP>&nbsp;day of December, 2025.</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Firefly Neuroscience,
    Inc.</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 60%; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 37%; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/
    Greg Lipschitz</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Greg Lipschitz </FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief Executive Officer</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><A NAME="a_016"></A>POWER OF ATTORNEY</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Each person whose signature appears below constitutes
and appoints each of Daniel Nelson and Craig Smith as his or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents with full power of substitution
and resubstitution, for him or her and his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any or all amendments (including
pre- and post-effective amendments) to this registration statement, any subsequent registration statement for the same offering which
may be filed pursuant to Rule&nbsp;462(b)&nbsp;under the&nbsp;Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and pre- or post-effective amendments
thereto, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange
Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite
and necessary to be done in and about the foregoing, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby
ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or their substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue
hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the
capacities and on the dates indicated.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 35%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Signature</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 43%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Title</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 20%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Date</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/ Greg Lipschitz</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">December 3, 2025</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Greg Lipschitz</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">and Director</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/ Paul Krzywicki</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and </FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">December 3, 2025</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Paul Krzywicki</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Principal Accounting Officer)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/ David DiCaprio</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">President, Chief Operating Officer and Director</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">December 3, 2025</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">David DiCaprio</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/ Arun Menawat</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chairman of the Director</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">December 3, 2025</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Arun Menawat</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/ Brian Posner</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">December 3, 2025</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Brian Posner</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/ Stella Vnook</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">December 3, 2025</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>Stella Vnook</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 35; Options: Last -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">II-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->6<!-- Field: /Sequence --></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

</BODY>
</HTML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-3.2
<SEQUENCE>2
<FILENAME>ea026662801ex3-2_firefly.htm
<DESCRIPTION>CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT NO.1 OF AMENDED AND RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION OF FIREFLY NEUROSCIENCE, INC
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit
3.2</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 27.95pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; width: 50%"><P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><B>State of Delaware</B></P>
                    <P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><B>Secretary of State</B></P>
                    <P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><B>Division of Corporations</B></P>
                    <P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><B>Delivered 01:57 PM 12/03/2025</B></P>
                    <P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><B>FILED 01:57 PM 12/03/2025</B></P>
                    <P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><B>SR 20254743115 - File Number 6472250</B></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>CERTIFICATE OF
AMENDMENT NO. 1</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>OF</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>AMENDED
AND RESTATED</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>OF</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>FIREFLY NEUROSCIENCE, INC.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.35pt">The corporation
organized and existing under and by virtue of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware does hereby certify:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>FIRST</B><FONT STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">:</FONT>
<B></B></FONT>That the Board of Directors of Firefly Neuroscience, Inc., by unanimous written consent in accordance with the provisions
of Section 141(f) of the Delaware General Corporation Law, duly adopted resolutions setting forth the proposed amendment of the Amended
and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">&ldquo;</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Certificate
of Incorporation</B><FONT STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">&rdquo;</FONT><B>)</B></FONT> of said corporation, declaring
said amendment to be advisable and submitting the amendment to the stockholders of said corporation for consideration thereof. The resolution
setting forth the proposed amendment is as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.2pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: 0in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>RESOLVED</B><FONT STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">,</FONT></FONT>
that the Certificate of Incorporation of this corporation be amended by changing Article IV, Section A, of the Certificate of Incorporation
so that, as amended, said paragraph shall be and read as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.2pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.75in; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>&ldquo;Article
</B></FONT><B>IV., A.</B> The Corporation is authorized to issue two classes of stock to be designated, respectively, &ldquo;Common Stock&rdquo;
and &ldquo;Preferred Stock.&rdquo; The total number of shares that the Corporation is authorized to issue is 5,001,000,000 shares, consisting
of <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(1) <B></B></FONT>5,000,000,000 shares of Common Stock, par value of $0.0001 per share, and (2) 1,000,000
shares of Preferred Stock, par value of $0.0001 per share.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.2pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>SECOND</B><FONT STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">:</FONT> <B></B></FONT>That
thereafter such amendments were submitted to the shareholders of the corporation, pursuant to resolution of its Board of Directors,
and were approved by written consent by the necessary number of shares as required by statute in accordance with Section 222 of the
General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.4pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>THIRD</B><FONT STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">:</FONT>
<B></B></FONT>That said amendment was duly adopted in accordance with the applicable provisions of Sections 242 of the General Corporation
Law of the State of Delaware.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">*&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;*</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 1; Options: NewSection -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>IN
WITNESS WHEREOF</B><FONT STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">,</FONT></FONT> said corporation has caused this certificate
to be signed this 3<SUP>rd</SUP> day of December, 2025.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold">FIREFLY NEUROSCIENCE, INC.</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="width: 60%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; width: 5%">By:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; width: 35%">/s/ Greg Lipschitz</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal">Name:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal">Greg Lipschitz</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Title:</TD>
    <TD>Chief Executive Officer</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 1.5pt solid">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></P>


</BODY>
</HTML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-5.1
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>ea026662801ex5-1_firefly.htm
<DESCRIPTION>OPINION OF BEVILACQUA PLLC
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>


<P STYLE="text-align: right; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Exhibit 5.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><IMG SRC="ex5-1_001.jpg" ALT=""></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>E: </B>lou@bevilacquapllc.com</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>T: </B>202.869.0888</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>W: </B>bevilacquapllc.com</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">December 3, 2025</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Firefly Neuroscience, Inc.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">1100 Military Road</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Kenmore, NY 14217</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Ladies and Gentlemen:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We have acted as special counsel to Firefly Neuroscience,
Inc., a Delaware corporation (the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;), in connection with its filing of the Registration Statement on Form S-3 (the
&ldquo;Registration Statement&rdquo;) with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &ldquo;Commission&rdquo;), on the date hereof,
relating to the proposed issuance and sale by the Company, from time to time, pursuant to Rule&nbsp;415 under the Securities Act of 1933,
as amended (the &ldquo;Securities Act&rdquo;), as set forth in the Registration Statement and the prospectus contained therein (the &ldquo;Prospectus&rdquo;),
of up to $250,000,000, or the equivalent thereof, of (a) the Company&rsquo;s shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the
&ldquo;Common Stock&rdquo;), (b) the Company&rsquo;s shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the &ldquo;Preferred Stock&rdquo;),
(c) the Company&rsquo;s debt securities, in one or more series (the &ldquo;Debt Securities&rdquo;), (d) warrants to purchase Common Stock,
Preferred Stock, Debt Securities, or any combination thereof (the &ldquo;Warrants&rdquo;), (e) subscription rights to purchase Common
Stock, Preferred Stock, Debt Securities, Warrants, or Units (as defined herein) (the &ldquo;Subscription Rights&rdquo;), and (f) units
consisting of Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Debt Securities, Warrants, Subscription Rights, or any combination thereof (the &ldquo;Units&rdquo;
and together with the Debt Securities, the Warrants, and the Subscription Rights, the &ldquo;Documents&rdquo;). The Common Stock, the
Preferred Stock, the Debt Securities, the Warrants, the Subscription Rights and the Units are collectively referred to herein as the &ldquo;Securities&rdquo;
and individually as a &ldquo;Security&rdquo;. The Securities shall include any additional amounts of such securities the offer and sale
of which are registered pursuant to any registration statement filed pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act in connection with
the offering by the Company contemplated by the Registration Statement. The Debt Securities will be issued under an indenture of the Company,
proposed to be entered into with a trustee to be named therein (the &ldquo;Trustee&rdquo;), as such indenture may be supplemented from
time to time (the &ldquo;Indenture&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We have reviewed the Registration Statement and
such other agreements, documents, records, certificates and other materials, and have reviewed and are familiar with such corporate proceedings
and satisfied ourselves as to such other matters, as we have considered relevant or necessary as a basis for this opinion. In such review,
we have assumed: (a)&nbsp;the authenticity of original documents and the genuineness of all signatures; (b)&nbsp;the conformity to the
originals of all documents submitted to us as copies; (c)&nbsp;the truth, accuracy and completeness of the information, representations
and warranties contained in the instruments, documents, certificates and records we have reviewed; (d)&nbsp;that the Registration Statement,
and any amendments thereto (including post-effective amendments), will have become effective under the Securities Act; (e)&nbsp;that one
or more supplements to the Prospectus (each a &ldquo;Prospectus Supplement&rdquo;) will have been filed with the Commission describing
the Securities offered thereby; (f)&nbsp;that the Securities will be issued and sold in compliance with applicable U.S. federal and state
securities laws and in the manner stated in the Registration Statement and the applicable Prospectus Supplement; (g)&nbsp;that a definitive
purchase, underwriting or similar agreement with respect to any Securities offered will have been duly authorized and validly executed
and delivered by the Company and the other parties thereto; (h)&nbsp;that any Securities issuable upon conversion, exchange, redemption
or exercise of any Securities being offered will be duly authorized, created and, if appropriate, reserved for issuance upon such conversion,
exchange, redemption or exercise; (i)&nbsp;with respect to shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock, that there will be sufficient shares
of Common Stock or Preferred Stock authorized under the Company&rsquo;s organizational documents that are not otherwise reserved for issuance;
and (j)&nbsp;the legal capacity of all natural persons. As to any facts material to the opinions expressed herein that were not independently
established or verified, we have relied upon oral or written statements and representations of officers and other representatives of the
Company. The term &ldquo;Board&rdquo; means the Board of Directors of the Company or a duly constituted and acting committee thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD STYLE="border-top: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 40%"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">1050 Connecticut Ave., NW, Suite 500</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Washington, DC 20036</P>

</TD>
  <TD STYLE="width: 60%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 1; Options: NewSection; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt"></P><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 50%"><P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Pg <!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->2<!-- Field: /Sequence --></P><P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">December 3, 2025</P></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; width: 50%">&nbsp;<IMG SRC="ex5-1_002.jpg" ALT=""></TD></TR></TABLE><P STYLE="margin: 0pt"></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On the basis of the assumptions and subject to
the qualifications and limitations set forth herein, we are of the opinion that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">1.&nbsp;With
respect to shares of Common Stock, when: (a)&nbsp;the Board has taken all necessary corporate action to approve the issuance and the terms
of the offering of shares of Common Stock and related matters; and (b)&nbsp;the shares of Common Stock have been duly delivered either
(i)&nbsp;in accordance with the applicable definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement approved by the Board, or upon the exercise
of Warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock, upon payment of the consideration therefor provided for therein or (ii)&nbsp;upon conversion
or exercise of any other Security, in accordance with the terms of such Security or the instrument governing such Security providing for
such conversion or exercise as approved by the Board, for the consideration approved by the Board, then the shares of Common Stock will
be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">2.&nbsp;With
respect to any particular series of shares of Preferred Stock, when: (a)&nbsp;the Board has taken all necessary corporate action to approve
the issuance and terms of the shares of Preferred Stock, the terms of the offering thereof, and related matters, including the adoption
and filing of a certificate of designation relating to such shares of Preferred Stock in accordance with applicable law; and (b) the shares
of Preferred Stock have been duly delivered either (i)&nbsp;in accordance with the applicable definitive purchase, underwriting or similar
agreement approved by the Board, or upon the exercise of Warrants to purchase shares of Preferred Stock, upon payment of the consideration
therefor provided for therein or (ii)&nbsp;upon conversion or exercise of any other Security, in accordance with the terms of such Security
or the instrument governing such Security providing for such conversion or exercise as approved by the Board, for the consideration approved
by the Board, then the shares of Preferred Stock will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">3.&nbsp;With
respect to the Debt Securities to be issued under the Indenture, when: (a)&nbsp;the Trustee is qualified to act as Trustee under the Indenture
and the Company has filed a Form&nbsp;T-1 for the Trustee with the Commission; (b)&nbsp;the Trustee has duly executed and delivered the
Indenture; (c)&nbsp;the Indenture has been duly authorized and validly executed and delivered by the Company to the Trustee; (d)&nbsp;the
Indenture has been duly qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of&nbsp;1939, as amended; (e)&nbsp;the Board has taken all necessary corporate
action to approve the issuance and terms of such Debt Securities, the terms of the offering thereof and related matters; and (f)&nbsp;such
Debt Securities have been duly executed, authenticated, issued and delivered in accordance with the provisions of the Indenture and the
applicable definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement approved by the Board, or upon the exercise of Warrants to purchase
Debt Securities, upon payment of the consideration therefor provided for therein, such Debt Securities will constitute valid and binding
obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">4.&nbsp;With
respect to the Warrants to be issued by the Company, when (a) the specific terms of any such Warrants have been duly established in accordance
with applicable law and authorized by all necessary corporate action of the Company (including the adoption by the Board of resolutions
duly authorizing the issuance and delivery of such Warrants and the Securities that such Warrants may be exercisable for), and (b) any
such Warrants have been duly executed and issued by the Company and such Warrants have been duly delivered by or on behalf of the Company
against payment therefor in accordance with the Warrants and/or any warrant agreement and in the manner contemplated by the Registration
Statement, the Prospectus, and/or the related Prospectus Supplement and by such corporate action, such Warrants will be the legally valid
and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">5.&nbsp;With
respect to the Subscription Rights to be issued by the Company, when: (a) the Board has taken all necessary corporate action to approve
the issuance and establish the terms of the Subscription Rights, the terms of the offering thereof, and related matters (including the
adoption by the Board of resolutions duly authorizing the issuance and delivery of such Subscription Rights and the Securities that such
Subscription Rights may be exercisable for), (b) the subscription rights agreement under which the Subscription Rights are to be issued
(a &ldquo;Subscription Rights Agreement&rdquo;) has been duly authorized and validly executed and delivered by the Company, (c) such Subscription
Rights have been duly executed and authenticated or countersigned in accordance with the terms of such Subscription Rights Agreement,
and (d) the Subscription Rights have been issued and sold in the manner contemplated by the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, and any
applicable Prospectus Supplement and in accordance with such Subscription Rights Agreement, such Subscription Rights will constitute the
valid and legally binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 2; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt"></P><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 50%"><P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Pg <!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->3<!-- Field: /Sequence --></P><P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">December 3, 2025</P></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; width: 50%">&nbsp;<IMG SRC="ex5-1_002.jpg" ALT=""></TD></TR></TABLE><P STYLE="margin: 0pt"></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">6.&nbsp;With
respect to the Units to be issued by the Company, when (a) the Board has taken all necessary corporate action to approve the issuance
and establish the terms of securities underlying such Units in connection therewith, the terms of such Units, the terms of the offering
of such Units, and related matters (including the adoption by the Board of resolutions duly authorizing the issuance and delivery of such
Units and the Securities that such Units may be exercisable for), (b) if applicable, one or more agreements incorporating the terms and
other provisions of such Units has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company and a unit agent (a &ldquo;Unit Agreement&rdquo;),
(c) such Units have been duly executed and authenticated or countersigned in accordance with the terms of such Unit Agreement, and (d)
the Units have been issued and sold in the manner contemplated by the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, and any applicable Prospectus
Supplement and in accordance with such Unit Agreement (assuming the securities issuable upon exercise of such Units have been duly authorized
and reserved for issuance by all necessary corporate action), such Units will constitute the valid and legally binding obligations of
the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Each opinion in this letter that any Security
is a valid and binding obligation or is enforceable in accordance with its terms is subject to: (i) the effect of bankruptcy, insolvency,
fraudulent conveyance and other similar laws and judicially developed doctrines in this area such as substantive consolidation and equitable
subordination; (ii) the effect of general principles of equity; and (iii) other commonly recognized statutory and judicial constraints
on enforceability including statutes of limitations. In addition, we do not express any opinion as to the enforceability of any rights
to contribution or indemnification which may be violative of public policy underlying any law, rule or regulation (including any federal
or state securities law, rule or regulation). &ldquo;General principles of equity&rdquo; include, but are not limited to: Principles limiting
the availability of specific performance and injunctive relief; principles which limit the availability of a remedy under certain circumstances
where another remedy has been elected; principles requiring reasonableness, good faith and fair dealing in the performance and enforcement
of an agreement by the party seeking enforcement; principles which may permit a party to cure a material failure to perform its obligations;
and principles affording equitable defenses such as waiver, laches and estoppel. It is possible that terms in a particular contract covered
by our opinion may not prove enforceable for reasons other than those explicitly cited in this letter should an actual enforcement action
be brought, but (subject to all the exceptions, qualifications, exclusions and other limitations contained in this letter) such unenforceability
would not in our opinion prevent the party entitled to enforce that contract from realizing the principal benefits purported to be provided
to that party by the terms in that contract which are covered by our opinion.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our advice on every legal issue addressed in this
letter is based exclusively on the internal law of the State of New York and the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware as in
effect on the date hereof and we express no opinion with respect to the applicability thereto, or the effect thereon, of the laws of any
other jurisdiction or as to any matters or municipal law or the laws of any local agencies within any state. For purposes of the opinions
herein we have assumed that the governing law under each of the Documents shall be the laws of the State of New York. We express no opinion
as to what law might be applied by any other courts to resolve any issue addressed by our opinion and we express no opinion as to whether
any relevant differences exist between the laws upon which our opinions are based and any other laws which may actually be applied to
resolve issues which may arise under any of the Documents. The manner in which any particular issue would be treated in any actual court
case would depend in part on facts and circumstances particular to the case and would also depend on how the court involved chose to exercise
the wide discretionary authority generally available to it. This letter is not intended to guarantee the outcome of any legal dispute
that may arise in the future. In addition, the Securities may be issued from time to time on a delayed or continuous basis, and this opinion
is limited to the laws, including the rules and regulations, as in effect on the date hereof, which laws are subject to change with possible
retroactive effect. This opinion speaks only as of the date hereof, and we assume no obligation to revise or supplement this opinion after
the date hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We have not undertaken any search of court records
for purposes of this letter. We have assumed that each applicable party to the Documents, excluding the Company, (i) is an entity duly
incorporated or organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction
of its incorporation or organization; (ii) has adopted by requisite vote of its board of directors, board of managers or analogous governing
body the resolutions or approvals necessary to authorize such party&rsquo;s execution, delivery and performance of such Documents; (iii)
has duly authorized, executed and delivered such Documents; (iv) has all corporate and other organizational power and authority (including
without limitation the power and authority under the laws of its jurisdiction of organization) to execute and deliver such Documents and
perform its respective obligations under such Documents; (v) has satisfied all legal requirements that are applicable to such party to
the extent necessary to entitle such party to enforce such Documents; and (vi) is not required by any law to obtain any consent, approval,
authorization or order of any court or governmental agency in order to obtain the right to enter into such Documents or to take any action
taken by it in connection with the consummation of the transactions contemplated in the Documents in accordance with their terms, and
the execution and delivery by such party of the Documents, and that the consummation of the transactions contemplated thereby in accordance
with the terms thereof will not violate any existing provisions of the organizational documents of such party or any law or governmental
regulation. For purposes of the opinions above, we have assumed, without conducting any research or investigation with respect thereto,
the corporate or other power of, and the due authorization, execution and delivery of the Documents by, the Company, the absence of any
conflicts with the organizational documents of the Company and the absence of any conflicts with, or consents required under, the laws,
rules and regulations of any jurisdiction other than the State of New York.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 3; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt"></P><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 50%"><P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Pg <!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->4<!-- Field: /Sequence --></P><P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">December 3, 2025</P></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; width: 50%">&nbsp;<IMG SRC="ex5-1_002.jpg" ALT=""></TD></TR></TABLE><P STYLE="margin: 0pt"></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In preparing this letter we have relied without
independent verification upon: (i) information contained in certificates obtained from governmental authorities; and (ii) factual information
provided to us by the Company. We have assumed that there has been no relevant change or development between the dates as of which the
information cited in the preceding sentence was made available to us and the date of this letter and that the information upon which we
have relied is accurate and does not omit disclosures necessary to prevent such information from being misleading. Whenever this letter
provides advice about (or based upon) our knowledge of any particular information, such advice is based entirely on the actual knowledge
at the time this letter is delivered on the date it bears by the lawyers with Bevilacqua PLLC who have represented or are representing
the Company in connection with the issuance of the Securities after consultation with other lawyers with Bevilacqua PLLC who have represented
the Company on other substantive matters.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">None of the opinions or other advice contained
in this letter considers or covers: (a) any antifraud laws, rules or regulations; (b) any state securities (or &ldquo;blue sky&rdquo;)
laws or regulations or securities laws or regulations of jurisdictions outside the United States; (c) any financial statements or supporting
schedules (or any notes to any such statements or schedules) or other financial or statistical information derived therefrom set forth
in, incorporated by reference into, or omitted from the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and/or any Prospectus Supplement; or (d)
any laws, statutes, governmental rules or regulations or decisions which in our experience are not usually considered for or covered by
opinions like those contained in this letter or are not generally applicable to transactions of the kind covered by the Documents including
any regulatory laws or requirements specific to the industry in which the Company is engaged. In addition, none of the opinions or other
advice contained in this letter covers or otherwise addresses any of the following types of provisions which may be contained in the Documents:
(i) provisions mandating contribution towards judgments or settlements among various parties; (ii) waivers of benefits and rights to the
extent they cannot be waived under applicable law; (iii) provisions providing for liquidated damages, late charges and prepayment charges,
in each case if deemed to constitute penalties; or (iv) requirements in the Documents specifying that provisions thereof may only be waived
in writing (these provisions may not be valid, binding or enforceable to the extent that an oral agreement or an implied agreement by
trade practice or course of conduct has been created modifying any provision of such documents).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The opinions set forth in this letter are being
furnished in accordance with the requirements of Item 601(b)(5) of Regulation S-K promulgated under the Securities Act, and no opinion
is expressed herein as to any matter pertaining to the contents of the Registration Statement, other than as to the specific issues addressed
herein, and no opinion may be inferred or implied beyond that expressly stated herein.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We hereby consent to the use of this opinion letter
as Exhibit 5.1 to the Registration Statement and to the use of our name under the caption &ldquo;Legal Matters&rdquo; in the Registration
Statement and in the Prospectus forming a part thereof and any Prospectus Supplement. <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">We
further consent to the incorporation by reference of this letter and consent into any registration statement or post-effective amendment
to the Registration Statement filed pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act with respect to the Securities. In giving this consent,
we do not thereby admit that we are within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or
the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="width: 60%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 40%">Very truly yours,</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>/s/ BEVILACQUA PLLC</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 4; Options: Last -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 3.5in; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 3.5in; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 3.5in; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 3.5in; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


</BODY>
</HTML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-23.1
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>ea026662801ex23-1_firefly.htm
<DESCRIPTION>CONSENT OF CBIZ CANADA, LLP (FORMERLY KNOWN AS MARCUM CANADA, LLP)
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit 23.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><U>CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC
ACCOUNTING FIRM</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We consent to the incorporation by reference in
this Registration Statement on Form S-3 of our report dated April 2, 2025 relating to the financial statements appearing in the Annual
Report on Form 10-K of Firefly Neuroscience, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2024. We also consent to the reference to us under the
heading &ldquo;Experts&rdquo; in such Registration Statement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">/s/ CBIZ Canada, LLP</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">CBIZ Canada, LLP (Formerly known as Marcum Canada, LLP)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Toronto, Ontario</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">December 3, 2025</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

</BODY>
</HTML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-23.2
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>ea026662801ex23-2_firefly.htm
<DESCRIPTION>CONSENT OF TURNER, STONE & COMPANY LLP
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit 23.2</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><U STYLE="text-decoration: none">CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC
ACCOUNTING FIRM</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement on Form S-3 of Firefly Neuroscience, Inc. of our report
dated May 22, 2024 (except for stock issuances and related equity items to retroactively reflect the company&rsquo;s reverse recapitalization
as to which the date is January 13, 2025) relating to the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31,
2023, which appears in the Firefly Neuroscience, Inc.&rsquo;s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We also consent to the reference to our firm under the heading &ldquo;Experts&rdquo; in such Registration Statement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">/s/ Turner, Stone &amp; Company, L.L.P.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Dallas, Texas</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">December 3, 2025</P>

</BODY>
</HTML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-FILING FEES
<SEQUENCE>6
<FILENAME>ea026662801ex-fee_firefly.htm
<DESCRIPTION>CALCULATION OF FILING FEE TABLE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='ASCII'?>
<!-- Template (c) 2024-2025 Novaworks, LLC -->
<!-- Field: Set; Name: AliasFileType; Value: Forms View; Template: Fee Exhibit\Fee Exhibit FE.xds -->
<!-- Field: Set; Name: Platform; Value: Novaworks Fee Exhibit Editor; Version: 1.4a -->
<!-- Field: Set; Name: Control; Value: VGVtcGxhdGU6IChkZWZhdWx0KQ0KQmFzZSBGb250OiBUaW1lcyBOZXcgUm9tYW4sIFRpbWVzLCBTZXJpZg0KQ2FwdGlvbiBTaXplOiAxMnB0DQpUYWJsZSBUaXRsZSBTaXplOiAxMXB0DQpUYWJsZSBIZWFkIFNpemU6IDhwdA0KVGFibGUgQm9keSBTaXplOiAxMHB0 -->
<!-- Field: Set; Name: MD5; Value: 3bd427f774c5df01bf51fb4a3bde0835 -->
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xmlns:xbrldi="http://xbrl.org/2006/xbrldi" xmlns:iso4217="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/iso4217" xmlns:ix="http://www.xbrl.org/2013/inlineXBRL" xmlns:ixt="http://www.xbrl.org/inlineXBRL/transformation/2015-02-26" xmlns:ixt-sec="http://www.sec.gov/inlineXBRL/transformation/2015-08-31" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:dei="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025" xmlns:ffd="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025">
<head>
  <title>Filing Fee Exhibit</title>
  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html"/>
  </head>
<body style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<div style="display: none">
  <ix:header>
    <ix:hidden>
      <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:SubmissnTp" contextRef="c_report" id="fee_001">S-3</ix:nonNumeric>
      <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:FeeExhibitTp" contextRef="c_report" id="fee_002">EX-FILING FEES</ix:nonNumeric>
      <ix:nonNumeric name="dei:EntityCentralIndexKey" contextRef="c_report" id="fee_003">0000803578</ix:nonNumeric>
      <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingTableNa" contextRef="c_report" xs:nil="true" id="fee_004"></ix:nonNumeric>
      <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OffsetTableNa" contextRef="c_report" id="fee_005">N/A</ix:nonNumeric>
      <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:CombinedProspectusTableNa" contextRef="c_report" id="fee_006">N/A</ix:nonNumeric>
      </ix:hidden>
    <ix:references>
      <link:schemaRef xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025/ffd-2025.xsd" xlink:type="simple"/>
      </ix:references>
    <ix:resources>
      <xbrli:context id="c_offering_1">
        <xbrli:entity>
          <xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0000803578</xbrli:identifier>
          <xbrli:segment>
            <xbrldi:typedMember dimension="ffd:OfferingAxis"><dei:lineNo>1</dei:lineNo></xbrldi:typedMember>
            </xbrli:segment>
          </xbrli:entity>
        <xbrli:period>
          <xbrli:startDate>2025-11-20</xbrli:startDate>
          <xbrli:endDate>2025-11-20</xbrli:endDate>
          </xbrli:period>
        </xbrli:context>
      <xbrli:context id="c_offering_2">
        <xbrli:entity>
          <xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0000803578</xbrli:identifier>
          <xbrli:segment>
            <xbrldi:typedMember dimension="ffd:OfferingAxis"><dei:lineNo>2</dei:lineNo></xbrldi:typedMember>
            </xbrli:segment>
          </xbrli:entity>
        <xbrli:period>
          <xbrli:startDate>2025-11-20</xbrli:startDate>
          <xbrli:endDate>2025-11-20</xbrli:endDate>
          </xbrli:period>
        </xbrli:context>
      <xbrli:context id="c_offering_3">
        <xbrli:entity>
          <xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0000803578</xbrli:identifier>
          <xbrli:segment>
            <xbrldi:typedMember dimension="ffd:OfferingAxis"><dei:lineNo>3</dei:lineNo></xbrldi:typedMember>
            </xbrli:segment>
          </xbrli:entity>
        <xbrli:period>
          <xbrli:startDate>2025-11-20</xbrli:startDate>
          <xbrli:endDate>2025-11-20</xbrli:endDate>
          </xbrli:period>
        </xbrli:context>
      <xbrli:context id="c_offering_4">
        <xbrli:entity>
          <xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0000803578</xbrli:identifier>
          <xbrli:segment>
            <xbrldi:typedMember dimension="ffd:OfferingAxis"><dei:lineNo>4</dei:lineNo></xbrldi:typedMember>
            </xbrli:segment>
          </xbrli:entity>
        <xbrli:period>
          <xbrli:startDate>2025-11-20</xbrli:startDate>
          <xbrli:endDate>2025-11-20</xbrli:endDate>
          </xbrli:period>
        </xbrli:context>
      <xbrli:context id="c_offering_5">
        <xbrli:entity>
          <xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0000803578</xbrli:identifier>
          <xbrli:segment>
            <xbrldi:typedMember dimension="ffd:OfferingAxis"><dei:lineNo>5</dei:lineNo></xbrldi:typedMember>
            </xbrli:segment>
          </xbrli:entity>
        <xbrli:period>
          <xbrli:startDate>2025-11-20</xbrli:startDate>
          <xbrli:endDate>2025-11-20</xbrli:endDate>
          </xbrli:period>
        </xbrli:context>
      <xbrli:context id="c_offering_6">
        <xbrli:entity>
          <xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0000803578</xbrli:identifier>
          <xbrli:segment>
            <xbrldi:typedMember dimension="ffd:OfferingAxis"><dei:lineNo>6</dei:lineNo></xbrldi:typedMember>
            </xbrli:segment>
          </xbrli:entity>
        <xbrli:period>
          <xbrli:startDate>2025-11-20</xbrli:startDate>
          <xbrli:endDate>2025-11-20</xbrli:endDate>
          </xbrli:period>
        </xbrli:context>
      <xbrli:context id="c_offering_7">
        <xbrli:entity>
          <xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0000803578</xbrli:identifier>
          <xbrli:segment>
            <xbrldi:typedMember dimension="ffd:OfferingAxis"><dei:lineNo>7</dei:lineNo></xbrldi:typedMember>
            </xbrli:segment>
          </xbrli:entity>
        <xbrli:period>
          <xbrli:startDate>2025-11-20</xbrli:startDate>
          <xbrli:endDate>2025-11-20</xbrli:endDate>
          </xbrli:period>
        </xbrli:context>
      <xbrli:context id="c_report">
        <xbrli:entity>
          <xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0000803578</xbrli:identifier>
          </xbrli:entity>
        <xbrli:period>
          <xbrli:startDate>2025-11-20</xbrli:startDate>
          <xbrli:endDate>2025-11-20</xbrli:endDate>
          </xbrli:period>
        </xbrli:context>
      <xbrli:unit id="USD">
        <xbrli:measure>iso4217:USD</xbrli:measure>
        </xbrli:unit>
      <xbrli:unit id="pure">
        <xbrli:measure>xbrli:pure</xbrli:measure>
        </xbrli:unit>
      <xbrli:unit id="shares">
        <xbrli:measure>xbrli:shares</xbrli:measure>
        </xbrli:unit>
      </ix:resources>
    </ix:header>
  </div>

<p style="font: bold 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: right">Ex-Filing Fees</p>

<p style="font: bold 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center">CALCULATION OF FILING FEE TABLES</p>

<p style="font: bold 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center"><ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:FormTp" contextRef="c_report" id="fee_007">S-3</ix:nonNumeric></p>

<p style="font: bold 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center"><ix:nonNumeric name="dei:EntityRegistrantName" contextRef="c_report" id="fee_008">FIREFLY NEUROSCIENCE, INC.</ix:nonNumeric></p>

<p style="font: bold 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-top: Gray 3pt double; padding-top: 6pt; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 4pt">Table 1: Newly Registered and Carry Forward Securities</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
<tr style="font-size: 2pt; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; font-weight: bold">
  <td style="width: 12%">&#160;</td>
  <td style="width: 0.5%">&#160;</td>
  <td style="width: 15%">&#160;</td>
  <td style="width: 0.5%">&#160;</td>
  <td style="width: 15%">&#160;</td>
  <td style="width: 0.5%">&#160;</td>
  <td style="width: 6.5%">&#160;</td>
  <td style="width: 0.5%">&#160;</td>
  <td style="width: 8%">&#160;</td>
  <td style="width: 0.5%">&#160;</td>
  <td style="width: 9%">&#160;</td>
  <td style="width: 0.5%">&#160;</td>
  <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
  <td style="width: 5%">&#160;</td>
  <td style="width: 0.5%">&#160;</td>
  <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
  <td style="width: 9%">&#160;</td>
  <td style="width: 0.5%">&#160;</td>
  <td style="width: 5%">&#160;</td>
  <td style="width: 0.5%">&#160;</td>
  <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
  <td style="width: 8%">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font-size: 8pt; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; font-weight: bold">
  <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Line Item Type</td>
  <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Security Type</td>
  <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Security Class Title</td>
  <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Notes</td>
  <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Fee Calculation<br/> Rule</td>
  <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Amount Registered</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Proposed Maximum Offering<br/> Price Per Unit</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Maximum Aggregate Offering Price</td>
  <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Fee Rate</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Amount of Registration Fee</td></tr>
<tr style="font-size: 2pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <td colspan="22" style="padding-top: 2pt; font-style: italic; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 2pt">Newly Registered Securities</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <td style="white-space: nowrap"><ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:PrevslyPdFlg" contextRef="c_offering_1" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="fee_009">Fees to be Paid</ix:nonNumeric></td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td style="white-space: nowrap"><ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTp" contextRef="c_offering_1" id="fee_010">Equity</ix:nonNumeric></td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td><ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTitl" contextRef="c_offering_1" id="fee_011">Shares of common stock, par value $0.0001</ix:nonNumeric></td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td style="text-align: center">(1)</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td style="text-align: center"><ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:Rule457oFlg" contextRef="c_offering_1" format="ixt:booleantrue" id="fee_012">457(o)</ix:nonNumeric></td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>$</td>
  <td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>$</td>
  <td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td style="text-align: center"><ix:nonFraction name="ffd:FeeRate" unitRef="pure" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="c_offering_1" id="fee_013">0.0001381</ix:nonFraction></td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>$</td>
  <td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <td style="white-space: nowrap"><ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:PrevslyPdFlg" contextRef="c_offering_2" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="fee_014">Fees to be Paid</ix:nonNumeric></td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td style="white-space: nowrap"><ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTp" contextRef="c_offering_2" id="fee_015">Equity</ix:nonNumeric></td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td><ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTitl" contextRef="c_offering_2" id="fee_016">Shares of preferred Stock, par value $0.0001</ix:nonNumeric></td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td style="text-align: center">(2)</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td style="text-align: center"><ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:Rule457oFlg" contextRef="c_offering_2" format="ixt:booleantrue" id="fee_017">457(o)</ix:nonNumeric></td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td style="text-align: center"><ix:nonFraction name="ffd:FeeRate" unitRef="pure" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="c_offering_2" id="fee_018">0.0001381</ix:nonFraction></td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <td style="white-space: nowrap"><ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:PrevslyPdFlg" contextRef="c_offering_3" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="fee_019">Fees to be Paid</ix:nonNumeric></td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td style="white-space: nowrap"><ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTp" contextRef="c_offering_3" id="fee_020">Debt</ix:nonNumeric></td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td><ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTitl" contextRef="c_offering_3" id="fee_021">Debt securities</ix:nonNumeric></td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td style="text-align: center">(3)</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td style="text-align: center"><ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:Rule457oFlg" contextRef="c_offering_3" format="ixt:booleantrue" id="fee_022">457(o)</ix:nonNumeric></td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td style="text-align: center"><ix:nonFraction name="ffd:FeeRate" unitRef="pure" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="c_offering_3" id="fee_023">0.0001381</ix:nonFraction></td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <td style="white-space: nowrap"><ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:PrevslyPdFlg" contextRef="c_offering_4" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="fee_024">Fees to be Paid</ix:nonNumeric></td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td style="white-space: nowrap"><ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTp" contextRef="c_offering_4" id="fee_025">Equity</ix:nonNumeric></td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td><ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTitl" contextRef="c_offering_4" id="fee_026">Warrants</ix:nonNumeric></td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td style="text-align: center">(4)</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td style="text-align: center"><ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:Rule457oFlg" contextRef="c_offering_4" format="ixt:booleantrue" id="fee_027">457(o)</ix:nonNumeric></td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td style="text-align: center"><ix:nonFraction name="ffd:FeeRate" unitRef="pure" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="c_offering_4" id="fee_028">0.0001381</ix:nonFraction></td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <td style="white-space: nowrap"><ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:PrevslyPdFlg" contextRef="c_offering_5" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="fee_029">Fees to be Paid</ix:nonNumeric></td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td style="white-space: nowrap"><ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTp" contextRef="c_offering_5" id="fee_030">Other</ix:nonNumeric></td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td><ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTitl" contextRef="c_offering_5" id="fee_031">Subscription rights</ix:nonNumeric></td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td style="text-align: center">(5)</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td style="text-align: center"><ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:Rule457oFlg" contextRef="c_offering_5" format="ixt:booleantrue" id="fee_032">457(o)</ix:nonNumeric></td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td style="text-align: center"><ix:nonFraction name="ffd:FeeRate" unitRef="pure" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="c_offering_5" id="fee_033">0.0001381</ix:nonFraction></td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <td style="white-space: nowrap"><ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:PrevslyPdFlg" contextRef="c_offering_6" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="fee_034">Fees to be Paid</ix:nonNumeric></td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td style="white-space: nowrap"><ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTp" contextRef="c_offering_6" id="fee_035">Other</ix:nonNumeric></td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td><ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTitl" contextRef="c_offering_6" id="fee_036">Units</ix:nonNumeric></td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td style="text-align: center">(6)</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td style="text-align: center"><ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:Rule457oFlg" contextRef="c_offering_6" format="ixt:booleantrue" id="fee_037">457(o)</ix:nonNumeric></td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td style="text-align: center"><ix:nonFraction name="ffd:FeeRate" unitRef="pure" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="c_offering_6" id="fee_038">0.0001381</ix:nonFraction></td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <td style="white-space: nowrap"><ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:PrevslyPdFlg" contextRef="c_offering_7" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="fee_039">Fees to be Paid</ix:nonNumeric></td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td style="white-space: nowrap"><ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTp" contextRef="c_offering_7" id="fee_040">Unallocated (Universal) Shelf</ix:nonNumeric></td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td style="text-align: center">(7)</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td style="text-align: center"><ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:Rule457oFlg" contextRef="c_offering_7" format="ixt:booleantrue" id="fee_041">457(o)</ix:nonNumeric></td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>$</td>
  <td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>$</td>
  <td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="ffd:MaxAggtOfferingPric" unitRef="USD" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="c_offering_7" id="fee_042">250,000,000.00</ix:nonFraction></td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td style="text-align: center"><ix:nonFraction name="ffd:FeeRate" unitRef="pure" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="c_offering_7" id="fee_043">0.0001381</ix:nonFraction></td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>$</td>
  <td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="ffd:FeeAmt" unitRef="USD" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="c_offering_7" id="fee_044">34,525.00</ix:nonFraction></td></tr>
<tr style="font-size: 4pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <td style="width: 11%">&#160;</td>
  <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
  <td style="width: 15%">&#160;</td>
  <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
  <td style="width: 15%">&#160;</td>
  <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
  <td style="width: 5%">&#160;</td>
  <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
  <td style="width: 8%">&#160;</td>
  <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
  <td style="width: 8%">&#160;</td>
  <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
  <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
  <td style="width: 5%">&#160;</td>
  <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%">&#160;</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 8%">&#160;</td>
  <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
  <td style="width: 5%">&#160;</td>
  <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%">&#160;</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 8%">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <td colspan="14" style="text-align: right">Total Offering Amounts:</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>$</td>
  <td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="ffd:TtlOfferingAmt" contextRef="c_report" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" unitRef="USD" id="fee_045">250,000,000.00</ix:nonFraction></td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="ffd:TtlFeeAmt" contextRef="c_report" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" unitRef="USD" id="fee_046">34,525.00</ix:nonFraction></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <td colspan="14" style="text-align: right">Total Fees Previously Paid:</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="ffd:TtlPrevslyPdAmt" contextRef="c_report" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" unitRef="USD" id="fee_047">0.00</ix:nonFraction></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <td colspan="14" style="text-align: right">Total Fee Offsets:</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="ffd:TtlOffsetAmt" contextRef="c_report" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" unitRef="USD" id="fee_048">0.00</ix:nonFraction></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <td colspan="14" style="text-align: right">Net Fee Due:</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: Black 3pt double">$</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: Black 3pt double; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="ffd:NetFeeAmt" contextRef="c_report" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" unitRef="USD" id="fee_049">34,525.00</ix:nonFraction></td></tr>
</table>

<p style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt">__________________________________________<br/>
Offering Note(s)</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%">
<tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
  <td style="width: 15pt; text-align: right">(1)</td><td style="width: 5pt"/>
  <td style="text-align: justify"><ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingNote" escape="1" contextRef="c_offering_1" id="fee_050">There are being registered hereunder such indeterminate (a) number of shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share (&#8220;common stock&#8221;), (b) number of shares of preferred stock, $0.0001 par value per share (&#8220;preferred stock&#8221;), (c) principal amount of debt securities, (d) number of warrants to purchase common stock, preferred stock or debt securities; (e) number of rights to purchase common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, or units, and (f) number of units consisting of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, rights, or any combination thereof, as shall have an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $250,000,000. If any debt securities are issued at an original issue discount, then the offering price of such debt securities shall be in such greater principal amount as shall result in an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $250,000,000. Any securities registered hereunder may be sold separately or as units with other securities registered hereunder. The securities registered also include such indeterminate number of common stock, preferred stock, and debt securities as may be issued upon conversion, exercise or exchange of convertible, exercisable or exchangeable securities being registered hereunder or pursuant to the antidilution provisions of any such securities. In addition, pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#8220;Securities Act&#8221;), the securities being registered hereunder include such indeterminate number of securities as may be issuable with respect to the securities being registered hereunder as a result of stock splits, stock dividends or similar transactions.<br/><br/>The proposed maximum aggregate offering price per class of security will be determined from time to time by the registrant in connection with the issuance by the registrant of the securities registered hereunder and is not specified as to each class of security pursuant to General Instruction II.D. of Form S-3 under the Securities Act.</ix:nonNumeric></td></tr>
  </table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%">
<tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
  <td style="width: 15pt; text-align: right">(2)</td><td style="width: 5pt"/>
  <td style="text-align: justify"><ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingNote" escape="1" contextRef="c_offering_2" id="fee_051">There are being registered hereunder such indeterminate (a) number of shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share (&#8220;common stock&#8221;), (b) number of shares of preferred stock, $0.0001 par value per share (&#8220;preferred stock&#8221;), (c) principal amount of debt securities, (d) number of warrants to purchase common stock, preferred stock or debt securities; (e) number of rights to purchase common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, or units, and (f) number of units consisting of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, rights, or any combination thereof, as shall have an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $250,000,000. If any debt securities are issued at an original issue discount, then the offering price of such debt securities shall be in such greater principal amount as shall result in an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $250,000,000. Any securities registered hereunder may be sold separately or as units with other securities registered hereunder. The securities registered also include such indeterminate number of common stock, preferred stock, and debt securities as may be issued upon conversion, exercise or exchange of convertible, exercisable or exchangeable securities being registered hereunder or pursuant to the antidilution provisions of any such securities. In addition, pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#8220;Securities Act&#8221;), the securities being registered hereunder include such indeterminate number of securities as may be issuable with respect to the securities being registered hereunder as a result of stock splits, stock dividends or similar transactions.<br/><br/>The proposed maximum aggregate offering price per class of security will be determined from time to time by the registrant in connection with the issuance by the registrant of the securities registered hereunder and is not specified as to each class of security pursuant to General Instruction II.D. of Form S-3 under the Securities Act.</ix:nonNumeric></td></tr>
  </table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%">
<tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
  <td style="width: 15pt; text-align: right">(3)</td><td style="width: 5pt"/>
  <td style="text-align: justify"><ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingNote" escape="1" contextRef="c_offering_3" id="fee_052">There are being registered hereunder such indeterminate (a) number of shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share (&#8220;common stock&#8221;), (b) number of shares of preferred stock, $0.0001 par value per share (&#8220;preferred stock&#8221;), (c) principal amount of debt securities, (d) number of warrants to purchase common stock, preferred stock or debt securities; (e) number of rights to purchase common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, or units, and (f) number of units consisting of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, rights, or any combination thereof, as shall have an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $250,000,000. If any debt securities are issued at an original issue discount, then the offering price of such debt securities shall be in such greater principal amount as shall result in an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $250,000,000. Any securities registered hereunder may be sold separately or as units with other securities registered hereunder. The securities registered also include such indeterminate number of common stock, preferred stock, and debt securities as may be issued upon conversion, exercise or exchange of convertible, exercisable or exchangeable securities being registered hereunder or pursuant to the antidilution provisions of any such securities. In addition, pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#8220;Securities Act&#8221;), the securities being registered hereunder include such indeterminate number of securities as may be issuable with respect to the securities being registered hereunder as a result of stock splits, stock dividends or similar transactions.<br/><br/>The proposed maximum aggregate offering price per class of security will be determined from time to time by the registrant in connection with the issuance by the registrant of the securities registered hereunder and is not specified as to each class of security pursuant to General Instruction II.D. of Form S-3 under the Securities Act.</ix:nonNumeric></td></tr>
  </table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%">
<tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
  <td style="width: 15pt; text-align: right">(4)</td><td style="width: 5pt"/>
  <td style="text-align: justify"><ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingNote" escape="1" contextRef="c_offering_4" id="fee_053">There are being registered hereunder such indeterminate (a) number of shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share (&#8220;common stock&#8221;), (b) number of shares of preferred stock, $0.0001 par value per share (&#8220;preferred stock&#8221;), (c) principal amount of debt securities, (d) number of warrants to purchase common stock, preferred stock or debt securities; (e) number of rights to purchase common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, or units, and (f) number of units consisting of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, rights, or any combination thereof, as shall have an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $250,000,000. If any debt securities are issued at an original issue discount, then the offering price of such debt securities shall be in such greater principal amount as shall result in an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $250,000,000. Any securities registered hereunder may be sold separately or as units with other securities registered hereunder. The securities registered also include such indeterminate number of common stock, preferred stock, and debt securities as may be issued upon conversion, exercise or exchange of convertible, exercisable or exchangeable securities being registered hereunder or pursuant to the antidilution provisions of any such securities. In addition, pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#8220;Securities Act&#8221;), the securities being registered hereunder include such indeterminate number of securities as may be issuable with respect to the securities being registered hereunder as a result of stock splits, stock dividends or similar transactions.<br/><br/>The proposed maximum aggregate offering price per class of security will be determined from time to time by the registrant in connection with the issuance by the registrant of the securities registered hereunder and is not specified as to each class of security pursuant to General Instruction II.D. of Form S-3 under the Securities Act.</ix:nonNumeric></td></tr>
  </table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%">
<tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
  <td style="width: 15pt; text-align: right">(5)</td><td style="width: 5pt"/>
  <td style="text-align: justify"><ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingNote" escape="1" contextRef="c_offering_5" id="fee_054">There are being registered hereunder such indeterminate (a) number of shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share (&#8220;common stock&#8221;), (b) number of shares of preferred stock, $0.0001 par value per share (&#8220;preferred stock&#8221;), (c) principal amount of debt securities, (d) number of warrants to purchase common stock, preferred stock or debt securities; (e) number of rights to purchase common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, or units, and (f) number of units consisting of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, rights, or any combination thereof, as shall have an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $250,000,000. If any debt securities are issued at an original issue discount, then the offering price of such debt securities shall be in such greater principal amount as shall result in an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $250,000,000. Any securities registered hereunder may be sold separately or as units with other securities registered hereunder. The securities registered also include such indeterminate number of common stock, preferred stock, and debt securities as may be issued upon conversion, exercise or exchange of convertible, exercisable or exchangeable securities being registered hereunder or pursuant to the antidilution provisions of any such securities. In addition, pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#8220;Securities Act&#8221;), the securities being registered hereunder include such indeterminate number of securities as may be issuable with respect to the securities being registered hereunder as a result of stock splits, stock dividends or similar transactions.<br/><br/>The proposed maximum aggregate offering price per class of security will be determined from time to time by the registrant in connection with the issuance by the registrant of the securities registered hereunder and is not specified as to each class of security pursuant to General Instruction II.D. of Form S-3 under the Securities Act.</ix:nonNumeric></td></tr>
  </table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%">
<tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
  <td style="width: 15pt; text-align: right">(6)</td><td style="width: 5pt"/>
  <td style="text-align: justify"><ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingNote" escape="1" contextRef="c_offering_6" id="fee_055">There are being registered hereunder such indeterminate (a) number of shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share (&#8220;common stock&#8221;), (b) number of shares of preferred stock, $0.0001 par value per share (&#8220;preferred stock&#8221;), (c) principal amount of debt securities, (d) number of warrants to purchase common stock, preferred stock or debt securities; (e) number of rights to purchase common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, or units, and (f) number of units consisting of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, rights, or any combination thereof, as shall have an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $250,000,000. If any debt securities are issued at an original issue discount, then the offering price of such debt securities shall be in such greater principal amount as shall result in an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $250,000,000. Any securities registered hereunder may be sold separately or as units with other securities registered hereunder. The securities registered also include such indeterminate number of common stock, preferred stock, and debt securities as may be issued upon conversion, exercise or exchange of convertible, exercisable or exchangeable securities being registered hereunder or pursuant to the antidilution provisions of any such securities. In addition, pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#8220;Securities Act&#8221;), the securities being registered hereunder include such indeterminate number of securities as may be issuable with respect to the securities being registered hereunder as a result of stock splits, stock dividends or similar transactions.<br/><br/>The proposed maximum aggregate offering price per class of security will be determined from time to time by the registrant in connection with the issuance by the registrant of the securities registered hereunder and is not specified as to each class of security pursuant to General Instruction II.D. of Form S-3 under the Securities Act.</ix:nonNumeric></td></tr>
  </table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%">
<tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
  <td style="width: 15pt; text-align: right">(7)</td><td style="width: 5pt"/>
  <td style="text-align: justify"><ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingNote" escape="1" contextRef="c_offering_7" id="fee_056">There are being registered hereunder such indeterminate (a) number of shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share (&#8220;common stock&#8221;), (b) number of shares of preferred stock, $0.0001 par value per share (&#8220;preferred stock&#8221;), (c) principal amount of debt securities, (d) number of warrants to purchase common stock, preferred stock or debt securities; (e) number of rights to purchase common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, or units, and (f) number of units consisting of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, rights, or any combination thereof, as shall have an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $250,000,000. If any debt securities are issued at an original issue discount, then the offering price of such debt securities shall be in such greater principal amount as shall result in an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $250,000,000. Any securities registered hereunder may be sold separately or as units with other securities registered hereunder. The securities registered also include such indeterminate number of common stock, preferred stock, and debt securities as may be issued upon conversion, exercise or exchange of convertible, exercisable or exchangeable securities being registered hereunder or pursuant to the antidilution provisions of any such securities. In addition, pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#8220;Securities Act&#8221;), the securities being registered hereunder include such indeterminate number of securities as may be issuable with respect to the securities being registered hereunder as a result of stock splits, stock dividends or similar transactions.<br/><br/>The proposed maximum aggregate offering price per class of security will be determined from time to time by the registrant in connection with the issuance by the registrant of the securities registered hereunder and is not specified as to each class of security pursuant to General Instruction II.D. of Form S-3 under the Securities Act.<br/><br/>Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee.</ix:nonNumeric></td></tr>
  </table>


</body>
</html>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>GRAPHIC
<SEQUENCE>7
<FILENAME>image_001.jpg
<DESCRIPTION>GRAPHIC
<TEXT>
begin 644 image_001.jpg
M_]C_X  02D9)1@ ! 0$ 8 !@  #_VP!#  @&!@<&!0@'!P<)"0@*#!0-# L+
M#!D2$P\4'1H?'AT:'!P@)"XG("(L(QP<*#<I+# Q-#0T'R<Y/3@R/"XS-#+_
MVP!# 0@)"0P+#!@-#1@R(1PA,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R
M,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R,C+_P  1" !R '<# 2(  A$! Q$!_\0
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MN"4VJBH5*YP?N[@>H)'I5N_TR[GOX+VRNXX)HT:)UFA,J.A(/0,I!RHYS^%
M$\FK6<>F#43-FU(!#*"Q;)P  .2<G& ,YXJ6&^AEM#=$R0Q $DSHT14#J2&
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:*** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH __]D!

end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>GRAPHIC
<SEQUENCE>8
<FILENAME>image_002.jpg
<DESCRIPTION>GRAPHIC
<TEXT>
begin 644 image_002.jpg
M_]C_X  02D9)1@ ! 0$ 8 !@  #_VP!#  @&!@<&!0@'!P<)"0@*#!0-# L+
M#!D2$P\4'1H?'AT:'!P@)"XG("(L(QP<*#<I+# Q-#0T'R<Y/3@R/"XS-#+_
MVP!# 0@)"0P+#!@-#1@R(1PA,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R
M,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R,C+_P  1" !R '<# 2(  A$! Q$!_\0
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MN"4VJBH5*YP?N[@>H)'I5N_TR[GOX+VRNXX)HT:)UFA,J.A(/0,I!RHYS^%
M$\FK6<>F#43-FU(!#*"Q;)P  .2<G& ,YXJ6&^AEM#=$R0Q $DSHT14#J2&
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:*** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH __]D!

end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>GRAPHIC
<SEQUENCE>9
<FILENAME>ex5-1_001.jpg
<DESCRIPTION>GRAPHIC
<TEXT>
begin 644 ex5-1_001.jpg
M_]C_X  02D9)1@ ! 0$ 8 !@  #_VP!#  $! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$!
M 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0'_
MVP!# 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$!
M 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0'_P  1"  L -0# 2(  A$! Q$!_\0
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MU=;7V-G:XN/DY>;GZ.GJ\O/T]?;W^/GZ_]H # ,!  (1 Q$ /P#^_23M^/\
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MH86WM%6@Z,TG%-N4)-N-M;7W5GU/;**_B@F_X.)?^"GO[4_B?QKXE_X)N_\
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M\?Z :\B^ NC?!K5_^#H[]O>P^.NF_#75_ Z^ /&=S!8_%NQ\,WWA9M7B\+_
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M_GH_X+> I_P7E_X(JQ=%3Q'\)@D8YVJ/VE[55?/K(@0D=BI%?7O_  =FG/\
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G_%GZ92,0QP?T'J1_2BK5%<*JI)+D3LDKW[?(^B4U9>ZMEV_R/__9

end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>GRAPHIC
<SEQUENCE>10
<FILENAME>ex5-1_002.jpg
<DESCRIPTION>GRAPHIC
<TEXT>
begin 644 ex5-1_002.jpg
M_]C_X  02D9)1@ ! 0$ 8 !@  #_VP!#  $! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$!
M 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0'_
MVP!# 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$!
M 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0'_P  1"  ? )H# 2(  A$! Q$!_\0
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-*K0]I;E7*YM*Z=S_V0$!

end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>12
<FILENAME>R1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.25.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Submission<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Nov. 20, 2025</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_SubmissionLineItems', window );"><strong>Submission [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0000803578<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">FIREFLY NEUROSCIENCE, INC.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FormTp', window );">Form Type</a></td>
<td class="text">S-3<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_SubmissnTp', window );">Submission Type</a></td>
<td class="text">S-3<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeExhibitTp', window );">Fee Exhibit Type</a></td>
<td class="text">EX-FILING FEES<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingTableNa', window );">Offering Table N/A</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OffsetTableNa', window );">Offset Table N/A</a></td>
<td class="text">N/A<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_CombinedProspectusTableNa', window );">Combined Prospectus Table N/A</a></td>
<td class="text">N/A<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_CombinedProspectusTableNa">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_CombinedProspectusTableNa</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:naItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_FeeExhibitTp">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_FeeExhibitTp</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:feeExhibitTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_FormTp">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_FormTp</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingTableNa">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingTableNa</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:naItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OffsetTableNa">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OffsetTableNa</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:naItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_SubmissionLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_SubmissionLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_SubmissnTp">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_SubmissnTp</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>13
<FILENAME>R2.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.25.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Offerings<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Nov. 20, 2025 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=1', window );">Offering: 1</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingTable', window );"><strong>Offering:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_PrevslyPdFlg', window );">Fee Previously Paid</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_Rule457oFlg', window );">Rule 457(o)</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTp', window );">Security Type</a></td>
<td class="text">Equity<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTitl', window );">Security Class Title</a></td>
<td class="text">Shares of common stock, par value $0.0001<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeRate', window );">Fee Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.01381%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingNote', window );">Offering Note</a></td>
<td class="text">There are being registered hereunder such indeterminate (a) number of shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share (&#8220;common stock&#8221;), (b) number of shares of preferred stock, $0.0001 par value per share (&#8220;preferred stock&#8221;), (c) principal amount of debt securities, (d) number of warrants to purchase common stock, preferred stock or debt securities; (e) number of rights to purchase common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, or units, and (f) number of units consisting of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, rights, or any combination thereof, as shall have an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $250,000,000. If any debt securities are issued at an original issue discount, then the offering price of such debt securities shall be in such greater principal amount as shall result in an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $250,000,000. Any securities registered hereunder may be sold separately or as units with other securities registered hereunder. The securities registered also include such indeterminate number of common stock, preferred stock, and debt securities as may be issued upon conversion, exercise or exchange of convertible, exercisable or exchangeable securities being registered hereunder or pursuant to the antidilution provisions of any such securities. In addition, pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#8220;Securities Act&#8221;), the securities being registered hereunder include such indeterminate number of securities as may be issuable with respect to the securities being registered hereunder as a result of stock splits, stock dividends or similar transactions.<br/><br/>The proposed maximum aggregate offering price per class of security will be determined from time to time by the registrant in connection with the issuance by the registrant of the securities registered hereunder and is not specified as to each class of security pursuant to General Instruction II.D. of Form S-3 under the Securities Act.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=2', window );">Offering: 2</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingTable', window );"><strong>Offering:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_PrevslyPdFlg', window );">Fee Previously Paid</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_Rule457oFlg', window );">Rule 457(o)</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTp', window );">Security Type</a></td>
<td class="text">Equity<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTitl', window );">Security Class Title</a></td>
<td class="text">Shares of preferred Stock, par value $0.0001<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeRate', window );">Fee Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.01381%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingNote', window );">Offering Note</a></td>
<td class="text">There are being registered hereunder such indeterminate (a) number of shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share (&#8220;common stock&#8221;), (b) number of shares of preferred stock, $0.0001 par value per share (&#8220;preferred stock&#8221;), (c) principal amount of debt securities, (d) number of warrants to purchase common stock, preferred stock or debt securities; (e) number of rights to purchase common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, or units, and (f) number of units consisting of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, rights, or any combination thereof, as shall have an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $250,000,000. If any debt securities are issued at an original issue discount, then the offering price of such debt securities shall be in such greater principal amount as shall result in an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $250,000,000. Any securities registered hereunder may be sold separately or as units with other securities registered hereunder. The securities registered also include such indeterminate number of common stock, preferred stock, and debt securities as may be issued upon conversion, exercise or exchange of convertible, exercisable or exchangeable securities being registered hereunder or pursuant to the antidilution provisions of any such securities. In addition, pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#8220;Securities Act&#8221;), the securities being registered hereunder include such indeterminate number of securities as may be issuable with respect to the securities being registered hereunder as a result of stock splits, stock dividends or similar transactions.<br/><br/>The proposed maximum aggregate offering price per class of security will be determined from time to time by the registrant in connection with the issuance by the registrant of the securities registered hereunder and is not specified as to each class of security pursuant to General Instruction II.D. of Form S-3 under the Securities Act.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=3', window );">Offering: 3</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingTable', window );"><strong>Offering:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_PrevslyPdFlg', window );">Fee Previously Paid</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_Rule457oFlg', window );">Rule 457(o)</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTp', window );">Security Type</a></td>
<td class="text">Debt<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTitl', window );">Security Class Title</a></td>
<td class="text">Debt securities<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeRate', window );">Fee Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.01381%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingNote', window );">Offering Note</a></td>
<td class="text">There are being registered hereunder such indeterminate (a) number of shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share (&#8220;common stock&#8221;), (b) number of shares of preferred stock, $0.0001 par value per share (&#8220;preferred stock&#8221;), (c) principal amount of debt securities, (d) number of warrants to purchase common stock, preferred stock or debt securities; (e) number of rights to purchase common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, or units, and (f) number of units consisting of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, rights, or any combination thereof, as shall have an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $250,000,000. If any debt securities are issued at an original issue discount, then the offering price of such debt securities shall be in such greater principal amount as shall result in an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $250,000,000. Any securities registered hereunder may be sold separately or as units with other securities registered hereunder. The securities registered also include such indeterminate number of common stock, preferred stock, and debt securities as may be issued upon conversion, exercise or exchange of convertible, exercisable or exchangeable securities being registered hereunder or pursuant to the antidilution provisions of any such securities. In addition, pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#8220;Securities Act&#8221;), the securities being registered hereunder include such indeterminate number of securities as may be issuable with respect to the securities being registered hereunder as a result of stock splits, stock dividends or similar transactions.<br/><br/>The proposed maximum aggregate offering price per class of security will be determined from time to time by the registrant in connection with the issuance by the registrant of the securities registered hereunder and is not specified as to each class of security pursuant to General Instruction II.D. of Form S-3 under the Securities Act.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=4', window );">Offering: 4</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingTable', window );"><strong>Offering:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_PrevslyPdFlg', window );">Fee Previously Paid</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_Rule457oFlg', window );">Rule 457(o)</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTp', window );">Security Type</a></td>
<td class="text">Equity<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTitl', window );">Security Class Title</a></td>
<td class="text">Warrants<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeRate', window );">Fee Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.01381%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingNote', window );">Offering Note</a></td>
<td class="text">There are being registered hereunder such indeterminate (a) number of shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share (&#8220;common stock&#8221;), (b) number of shares of preferred stock, $0.0001 par value per share (&#8220;preferred stock&#8221;), (c) principal amount of debt securities, (d) number of warrants to purchase common stock, preferred stock or debt securities; (e) number of rights to purchase common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, or units, and (f) number of units consisting of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, rights, or any combination thereof, as shall have an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $250,000,000. If any debt securities are issued at an original issue discount, then the offering price of such debt securities shall be in such greater principal amount as shall result in an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $250,000,000. Any securities registered hereunder may be sold separately or as units with other securities registered hereunder. The securities registered also include such indeterminate number of common stock, preferred stock, and debt securities as may be issued upon conversion, exercise or exchange of convertible, exercisable or exchangeable securities being registered hereunder or pursuant to the antidilution provisions of any such securities. In addition, pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#8220;Securities Act&#8221;), the securities being registered hereunder include such indeterminate number of securities as may be issuable with respect to the securities being registered hereunder as a result of stock splits, stock dividends or similar transactions.<br/><br/>The proposed maximum aggregate offering price per class of security will be determined from time to time by the registrant in connection with the issuance by the registrant of the securities registered hereunder and is not specified as to each class of security pursuant to General Instruction II.D. of Form S-3 under the Securities Act.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=5', window );">Offering: 5</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingTable', window );"><strong>Offering:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_PrevslyPdFlg', window );">Fee Previously Paid</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_Rule457oFlg', window );">Rule 457(o)</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTp', window );">Security Type</a></td>
<td class="text">Other<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTitl', window );">Security Class Title</a></td>
<td class="text">Subscription rights<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeRate', window );">Fee Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.01381%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingNote', window );">Offering Note</a></td>
<td class="text">There are being registered hereunder such indeterminate (a) number of shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share (&#8220;common stock&#8221;), (b) number of shares of preferred stock, $0.0001 par value per share (&#8220;preferred stock&#8221;), (c) principal amount of debt securities, (d) number of warrants to purchase common stock, preferred stock or debt securities; (e) number of rights to purchase common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, or units, and (f) number of units consisting of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, rights, or any combination thereof, as shall have an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $250,000,000. If any debt securities are issued at an original issue discount, then the offering price of such debt securities shall be in such greater principal amount as shall result in an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $250,000,000. Any securities registered hereunder may be sold separately or as units with other securities registered hereunder. The securities registered also include such indeterminate number of common stock, preferred stock, and debt securities as may be issued upon conversion, exercise or exchange of convertible, exercisable or exchangeable securities being registered hereunder or pursuant to the antidilution provisions of any such securities. In addition, pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#8220;Securities Act&#8221;), the securities being registered hereunder include such indeterminate number of securities as may be issuable with respect to the securities being registered hereunder as a result of stock splits, stock dividends or similar transactions.<br/><br/>The proposed maximum aggregate offering price per class of security will be determined from time to time by the registrant in connection with the issuance by the registrant of the securities registered hereunder and is not specified as to each class of security pursuant to General Instruction II.D. of Form S-3 under the Securities Act.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=6', window );">Offering: 6</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingTable', window );"><strong>Offering:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_PrevslyPdFlg', window );">Fee Previously Paid</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_Rule457oFlg', window );">Rule 457(o)</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTp', window );">Security Type</a></td>
<td class="text">Other<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTitl', window );">Security Class Title</a></td>
<td class="text">Units<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeRate', window );">Fee Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.01381%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingNote', window );">Offering Note</a></td>
<td class="text">There are being registered hereunder such indeterminate (a) number of shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share (&#8220;common stock&#8221;), (b) number of shares of preferred stock, $0.0001 par value per share (&#8220;preferred stock&#8221;), (c) principal amount of debt securities, (d) number of warrants to purchase common stock, preferred stock or debt securities; (e) number of rights to purchase common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, or units, and (f) number of units consisting of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, rights, or any combination thereof, as shall have an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $250,000,000. If any debt securities are issued at an original issue discount, then the offering price of such debt securities shall be in such greater principal amount as shall result in an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $250,000,000. Any securities registered hereunder may be sold separately or as units with other securities registered hereunder. The securities registered also include such indeterminate number of common stock, preferred stock, and debt securities as may be issued upon conversion, exercise or exchange of convertible, exercisable or exchangeable securities being registered hereunder or pursuant to the antidilution provisions of any such securities. In addition, pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#8220;Securities Act&#8221;), the securities being registered hereunder include such indeterminate number of securities as may be issuable with respect to the securities being registered hereunder as a result of stock splits, stock dividends or similar transactions.<br/><br/>The proposed maximum aggregate offering price per class of security will be determined from time to time by the registrant in connection with the issuance by the registrant of the securities registered hereunder and is not specified as to each class of security pursuant to General Instruction II.D. of Form S-3 under the Securities Act.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=7', window );">Offering: 7</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingTable', window );"><strong>Offering:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_PrevslyPdFlg', window );">Fee Previously Paid</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_Rule457oFlg', window );">Rule 457(o)</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTp', window );">Security Type</a></td>
<td class="text">Unallocated (Universal) Shelf<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_MaxAggtOfferingPric', window );">Maximum Aggregate Offering Price</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 250,000,000.00<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeRate', window );">Fee Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.01381%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeAmt', window );">Amount of Registration Fee</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 34,525.00<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingNote', window );">Offering Note</a></td>
<td class="text">There are being registered hereunder such indeterminate (a) number of shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share (&#8220;common stock&#8221;), (b) number of shares of preferred stock, $0.0001 par value per share (&#8220;preferred stock&#8221;), (c) principal amount of debt securities, (d) number of warrants to purchase common stock, preferred stock or debt securities; (e) number of rights to purchase common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, or units, and (f) number of units consisting of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, rights, or any combination thereof, as shall have an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $250,000,000. If any debt securities are issued at an original issue discount, then the offering price of such debt securities shall be in such greater principal amount as shall result in an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $250,000,000. Any securities registered hereunder may be sold separately or as units with other securities registered hereunder. The securities registered also include such indeterminate number of common stock, preferred stock, and debt securities as may be issued upon conversion, exercise or exchange of convertible, exercisable or exchangeable securities being registered hereunder or pursuant to the antidilution provisions of any such securities. In addition, pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#8220;Securities Act&#8221;), the securities being registered hereunder include such indeterminate number of securities as may be issuable with respect to the securities being registered hereunder as a result of stock splits, stock dividends or similar transactions.<br/><br/>The proposed maximum aggregate offering price per class of security will be determined from time to time by the registrant in connection with the issuance by the registrant of the securities registered hereunder and is not specified as to each class of security pursuant to General Instruction II.D. of Form S-3 under the Securities Act.<br/><br/>Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_FeeAmt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total amount of registration fee (amount due after offsets).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_FeeAmt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_FeeRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The rate per dollar of fees that public companies and other issuers pay to register their securities with the Commission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_FeeRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_MaxAggtOfferingPric">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The maximum aggregate offering price for the offering that is being registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_MaxAggtOfferingPric</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:nonNegative100TMonetary2ItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingNote">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingNote</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTitl">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The title of the class of securities being registered (for each class being registered).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingSctyTitl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:securityTitleItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTp">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Type of securities: "Asset-backed Securities", "ADRs/ADSs", "Debt", "Debt Convertible into Equity", "Equity", "Face Amount Certificates", "Limited Partnership Interests", "Mortgage Backed Securities", "Non-Convertible Debt", "Unallocated (Universal) Shelf", "Exchange Traded Vehicle Securities", "Other"</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingSctyTp</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:securityTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingTable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingTable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_PrevslyPdFlg">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_PrevslyPdFlg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_Rule457oFlg">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Checkbox indicating whether filer is using Rule 457(o) to calculate the registration fee due.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 457<br> -Subsection o<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_Rule457oFlg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingAxis=1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=2">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingAxis=2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=3">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingAxis=3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=4">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingAxis=4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=5">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingAxis=5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=6">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingAxis=6</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=7">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingAxis=7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>14
<FILENAME>R3.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.25.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Fees Summary<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Nov. 20, 2025 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeesSummaryLineItems', window );"><strong>Fees Summary [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_TtlOfferingAmt', window );">Total Offering</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 250,000,000.00<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_TtlPrevslyPdAmt', window );">Previously Paid Amount</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.00<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_TtlFeeAmt', window );">Total Fee Amount</a></td>
<td class="nump">34,525.00<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_TtlOffsetAmt', window );">Total Offset Amount</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.00<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_NetFeeAmt', window );">Net Fee</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 34,525.00<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_FeesSummaryLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_FeesSummaryLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_NetFeeAmt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_NetFeeAmt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_TtlFeeAmt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_TtlFeeAmt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_TtlOfferingAmt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_TtlOfferingAmt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_TtlOffsetAmt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_TtlOffsetAmt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_TtlPrevslyPdAmt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_TtlPrevslyPdAmt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>15
<FILENAME>Show.js
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
// Edgar(tm) Renderer was created by staff of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.  Data and content created by government employees within the scope of their employment are not subject to domestic copyright protection. 17 U.S.C. 105.
var Show={};Show.LastAR=null,Show.showAR=function(a,r,w){if(Show.LastAR)Show.hideAR();var e=a;while(e&&e.nodeName!='TABLE')e=e.nextSibling;if(!e||e.nodeName!='TABLE'){var ref=((window)?w.document:document).getElementById(r);if(ref){e=ref.cloneNode(!0);
e.removeAttribute('id');a.parentNode.appendChild(e)}}
if(e)e.style.display='block';Show.LastAR=e};Show.hideAR=function(){Show.LastAR.style.display='none'};Show.toggleNext=function(a){var e=a;while(e.nodeName!='DIV')e=e.nextSibling;if(!e.style){}else if(!e.style.display){}else{var d,p_;if(e.style.display=='none'){d='block';p='-'}else{d='none';p='+'}
e.style.display=d;if(a.textContent){a.textContent=p+a.textContent.substring(1)}else{a.innerText=p+a.innerText.substring(1)}}}
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>16
<FILENAME>report.css
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
/* Updated 2009-11-04 */
/* v2.2.0.24 */

/* DefRef Styles */
.report table.authRefData{
	background-color: #def;
	border: 2px solid #2F4497;
	font-size: 1em;
	position: absolute;
}

.report table.authRefData a {
	display: block;
	font-weight: bold;
}

.report table.authRefData p {
	margin-top: 0px;
}

.report table.authRefData .hide {
	background-color: #2F4497;
	padding: 1px 3px 0px 0px;
	text-align: right;
}

.report table.authRefData .hide a:hover {
	background-color: #2F4497;
}

.report table.authRefData .body {
	height: 150px;
	overflow: auto;
	width: 400px;
}

.report table.authRefData table{
	font-size: 1em;
}

/* Report Styles */
.pl a, .pl a:visited {
	color: black;
	text-decoration: none;
}

/* table */
.report {
	background-color: white;
	border: 2px solid #acf;
	clear: both;
	color: black;
	font: normal 8pt Helvetica, Arial, san-serif;
	margin-bottom: 2em;
}

.report hr {
	border: 1px solid #acf;
}

/* Top labels */
.report th {
	background-color: #acf;
	color: black;
	font-weight: bold;
	text-align: center;
}

.report th.void	{
	background-color: transparent;
	color: #000000;
	font: bold 10pt Helvetica, Arial, san-serif;
	text-align: left;
}

.report .pl {
	text-align: left;
	vertical-align: top;
	white-space: normal;
	width: 200px;
	white-space: normal; /* word-wrap: break-word; */
}

.report td.pl a.a {
	cursor: pointer;
	display: block;
	width: 200px;
	overflow: hidden;
}

.report td.pl div.a {
	width: 200px;
}

.report td.pl a:hover {
	background-color: #ffc;
}

/* Header rows... */
.report tr.rh {
	background-color: #acf;
	color: black;
	font-weight: bold;
}

/* Calendars... */
.report .rc {
	background-color: #f0f0f0;
}

/* Even rows... */
.report .re, .report .reu {
	background-color: #def;
}

.report .reu td {
	border-bottom: 1px solid black;
}

/* Odd rows... */
.report .ro, .report .rou {
	background-color: white;
}

.report .rou td {
	border-bottom: 1px solid black;
}

.report .rou table td, .report .reu table td {
	border-bottom: 0px solid black;
}

/* styles for footnote marker */
.report .fn {
	white-space: nowrap;
}

/* styles for numeric types */
.report .num, .report .nump {
	text-align: right;
	white-space: nowrap;
}

.report .nump {
	padding-left: 2em;
}

.report .nump {
	padding: 0px 0.4em 0px 2em;
}

/* styles for text types */
.report .text {
	text-align: left;
	white-space: normal;
}

.report .text .big {
	margin-bottom: 1em;
	width: 17em;
}

.report .text .more {
	display: none;
}

.report .text .note {
	font-style: italic;
	font-weight: bold;
}

.report .text .small {
	width: 10em;
}

.report sup {
	font-style: italic;
}

.report .outerFootnotes {
	font-size: 1em;
}
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>18
<FILENAME>FilingSummary.xml
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<XML>
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<FilingSummary>
  <Version>3.25.3</Version>
  <ProcessingTime/>
  <ReportFormat>html</ReportFormat>
  <ContextCount>8</ContextCount>
  <ElementCount>21</ElementCount>
  <EntityCount>1</EntityCount>
  <FootnotesReported>false</FootnotesReported>
  <SegmentCount>1</SegmentCount>
  <ScenarioCount>0</ScenarioCount>
  <TuplesReported>false</TuplesReported>
  <UnitCount>3</UnitCount>
  <MyReports>
    <Report instance="ea026662801ex-fee_firefly.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R1.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>995210 - Document - Submission</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/submissionTable</Role>
      <ShortName>Submission</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Cover</MenuCategory>
      <Position>1</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="ea026662801ex-fee_firefly.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R2.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>995211 - Document - Offerings</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable</Role>
      <ShortName>Offerings</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Cover</MenuCategory>
      <Position>2</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="ea026662801ex-fee_firefly.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R3.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>995215 - Document - Fees Summary</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesSummaryTable</Role>
      <ShortName>Fees Summary</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Cover</MenuCategory>
      <Position>3</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report>
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <LongName>All Reports</LongName>
      <ReportType>Book</ReportType>
      <ShortName>All Reports</ShortName>
    </Report>
  </MyReports>
  <InputFiles>
    <File doctype="EX-FILING FEES" original="ea026662801ex-fee_firefly.htm">ea026662801ex-fee_firefly.htm</File>
  </InputFiles>
  <SupplementalFiles/>
  <BaseTaxonomies>
    <BaseTaxonomy items="2">http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025</BaseTaxonomy>
    <BaseTaxonomy items="54">http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025</BaseTaxonomy>
  </BaseTaxonomies>
  <HasPresentationLinkbase>false</HasPresentationLinkbase>
  <HasCalculationLinkbase>false</HasCalculationLinkbase>
</FilingSummary>
</XML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>JSON
<SEQUENCE>20
<FILENAME>MetaLinks.json
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
{
 "version": "2.2",
 "instance": {
  "ea026662801ex-fee_firefly.htm": {
   "dts": {
    "inline": {
     "local": [
      "ea026662801ex-fee_firefly.htm"
     ]
    },
    "schema": {
     "remote": [
      "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-instance-2003-12-31.xsd",
      "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd",
      "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xl-2003-12-31.xsd",
      "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xlink-2003-12-31.xsd",
      "http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd",
      "http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/arcrole/deprecated-2009-12-16.xsd",
      "https://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2024-01-31/types.xsd",
      "https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd",
      "https://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025/ffd-2025.xsd"
     ]
    }
   },
   "keyStandard": 21,
   "keyCustom": 0,
   "axisStandard": 1,
   "axisCustom": 0,
   "memberStandard": 1,
   "memberCustom": 0,
   "hidden": {
    "total": 6,
    "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025": 5,
    "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025": 1
   },
   "contextCount": 8,
   "entityCount": 1,
   "segmentCount": 1,
   "elementCount": 107,
   "unitCount": 3,
   "baseTaxonomies": {
    "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025": 54,
    "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025": 2
   },
   "report": {
    "R1": {
     "role": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/submissionTable",
     "longName": "995210 - Document - Submission",
     "shortName": "Submission",
     "isDefault": "true",
     "groupType": "Fee_Exhibit",
     "subGroupType": "",
     "menuCat": "Cover",
     "order": "1",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "c_report",
      "name": "dei:EntityRegistrantName",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "ea026662801ex-fee_firefly.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "c_report",
      "name": "dei:EntityRegistrantName",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "ea026662801ex-fee_firefly.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R2": {
     "role": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable",
     "longName": "995211 - Document - Offerings",
     "shortName": "Offerings",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "Fee_Exhibit",
     "subGroupType": "",
     "menuCat": "Cover",
     "order": "2",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "c_offering_1",
      "name": "ffd:PrevslyPdFlg",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "ea026662801ex-fee_firefly.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "c_offering_1",
      "name": "ffd:PrevslyPdFlg",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "ea026662801ex-fee_firefly.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R3": {
     "role": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesSummaryTable",
     "longName": "995215 - Document - Fees Summary",
     "shortName": "Fees Summary",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "Fee_Exhibit",
     "subGroupType": "",
     "menuCat": "Cover",
     "order": "3",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "c_report",
      "name": "ffd:TtlOfferingAmt",
      "unitRef": "USD",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "INF",
      "ancestors": [
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "ea026662801ex-fee_firefly.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "c_report",
      "name": "ffd:TtlOfferingAmt",
      "unitRef": "USD",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "INF",
      "ancestors": [
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "ea026662801ex-fee_firefly.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    }
   },
   "tag": {
    "ffd_AggtRedRpPricFsclYr": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "AggtRedRpPricFsclYr",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/securities424iTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Aggregate Redeemed or Repurchased Price, Fiscal Year",
        "terseLabel": "Aggregate Redeemed or Repurchased, FY"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_AggtRedRpPricPrrFsclYr": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "AggtRedRpPricPrrFsclYr",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/securities424iTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Aggregate Redeemed or Repurchased Price, Prior Fiscal Year",
        "terseLabel": "Aggregate Redeemed or Repurchased, Prior FY"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_AggtSalesPricFsclYr": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "AggtSalesPricFsclYr",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/securities424iTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Aggregate Sales Price, Fiscal Year",
        "terseLabel": "Aggregate Sales Price"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_AmtRedCdts": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "AmtRedCdts",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/securities424iTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Amount of Redemption Credits",
        "terseLabel": "Redemption Credits"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_AmtSctiesRcvd": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegativeDecimal2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "AmtSctiesRcvd",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Amount of Securities Received",
        "terseLabel": "Amount of Securities Received",
        "documentation": "Amount of securities to be received by the registrant (or cancelled upon issuance of securities to be registered on the form)"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r6"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_AmtSctiesRegd": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegativeDecimal2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "AmtSctiesRegd",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Amount of Securities Registered",
        "terseLabel": "Amount Registered",
        "documentation": "The amount of securities being registered."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_CeasedOprsDt": {
     "xbrltype": "dateItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "CeasedOprsDt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/submissionTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Ceased Operations Date",
        "terseLabel": "Ceased Operations Date"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_CfwdFormTp": {
     "xbrltype": "formTypeItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "CfwdFormTp",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Carry Forward Form Type",
        "terseLabel": "Carry Forward Form Type",
        "documentation": "The Form Type of the prior shelf registration statement from which unsold securities are carried forward under 415(a)(6). This should be an EDGAR submission type (S-3, S-3/A, S-3ASR, etc.), which means there is a fixed set of possible responses. Note that while the XBRL response should be an EDGAR submission type, the human-readable Ex. 107 could include a simpler label (e.g., \"Form S-3\" in the human-readable and \"S-3ASR\" in the XBRL)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r2"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_CfwdPrevslyPdFee": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "CfwdPrevslyPdFee",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Carry Forward Previously Paid Fee",
        "terseLabel": "Filing Fee Previously Paid in Connection with Unsold Securities to be Carried Forward",
        "documentation": "The fee previously paid in connection with the securities being brought forward from the prior shelf registration statement on which unsold securities are carried forward under 415(a)(6)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r2"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_CfwdPrrFctvDt": {
     "xbrltype": "dateItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "CfwdPrrFctvDt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Carry Forward Prior Effective Date",
        "terseLabel": "Carry Forward Initial Effective Date",
        "documentation": "The initial effective date of the prior shelf registration statement from which unsold securities are carried forward under 415(a)(6)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r2"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_CfwdPrrFileNb": {
     "xbrltype": "fileNumberItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "CfwdPrrFileNb",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Carry Forward File Number",
        "terseLabel": "Carry Forward File Number",
        "documentation": "The EDGAR File Number of the prior shelf registration statement from which unsold securities are carried forward under 415(a)(6). If the prior registration statement has a Securities Act File Number and an Investment Company Act File Number, the Securities Act File Number should be used."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r2"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_CmbndPrspctsItemAxis": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "CmbndPrspctsItemAxis",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesByCmbndPrspctsTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Combined Prospectus Item [Axis]",
        "terseLabel": "Combined Prospectus",
        "documentation": "A sequence number (1, 2, 3...) used to distinguish different references to earlier prospectuses on a single fee bearing submission."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_CmbndPrspctsLineItems": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "CmbndPrspctsLineItems",
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Combined Prospectus [Line Items]",
        "terseLabel": "Combined Prospectus:"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_CmbndPrspctsTable": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "CmbndPrspctsTable",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesByCmbndPrspctsTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Combined Prospectus [Table]",
        "terseLabel": "Combined Prospectus Table"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_CombinedProspectusTableNa": {
     "xbrltype": "naItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "CombinedProspectusTableNa",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/submissionTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Combined Prospectus Table [N/A]",
        "terseLabel": "Combined Prospectus Table N/A"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_CshPdByRegistrantInTx": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative100TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "CshPdByRegistrantInTx",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Cash Paid by Registrant in Transaction",
        "terseLabel": "Cash Consideration Paid",
        "documentation": "Amount of cash consideration paid by registrant in connection with the exchange or other transaction being registered (in a 457(f) calculation)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r12"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_CshRcvdByRegistrantInTx": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative100TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "CshRcvdByRegistrantInTx",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Cash Received by Registrant in Transaction",
        "terseLabel": "Cash Consideration Received",
        "documentation": "Amount of cash consideration received by registrant in connection with the exchange or other transaction being registered (in a 457(f) calculation)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r12"
     ]
    },
    "dei_EntityCentralIndexKey": {
     "xbrltype": "centralIndexKeyItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "EntityCentralIndexKey",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/submissionTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Entity Central Index Key",
        "terseLabel": "Central Index Key",
        "documentation": "A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r0"
     ]
    },
    "dei_EntityRegistrantName": {
     "xbrltype": "normalizedStringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "EntityRegistrantName",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/submissionTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Entity Registrant Name",
        "terseLabel": "Registrant Name",
        "documentation": "The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r0"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_FeeAmt": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "FeeAmt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable",
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/securities424iTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Fee Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Amount of Registration Fee",
        "documentation": "Total amount of registration fee (amount due after offsets)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_FeeExhibitTp": {
     "xbrltype": "feeExhibitTypeItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "FeeExhibitTp",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/submissionTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Fee Exhibit Type",
        "terseLabel": "Fee Exhibit Type"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_FeeIntrstAmt": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "FeeIntrstAmt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesSummaryTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Fee Interest Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Interest Amount"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_FeeNote": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "FeeNote",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/securities424iTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Fee Note",
        "terseLabel": "Fee Note"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_FeeNoteMaxAggtOfferingPric": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative100TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "FeeNoteMaxAggtOfferingPric",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Fee Note Maximum Aggregate Offering Price",
        "terseLabel": "Fee Note MAOP"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_FeeRate": {
     "xbrltype": "percentItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "FeeRate",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable",
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/securities424iTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Fee Rate",
        "terseLabel": "Fee Rate",
        "documentation": "The rate per dollar of fees that public companies and other issuers pay to register their securities with the Commission."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_FeesOthrRuleFlg": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "FeesOthrRuleFlg",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Fees, Other Rule [Flag]",
        "terseLabel": "Other Rule",
        "documentation": "Checkbox indicating whether filer is using a rule other than 457(a), 457(o), or 457(f) to calculate the registration fee due."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_FeesSummaryLineItems": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "FeesSummaryLineItems",
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Fees Summary [Line Items]",
        "terseLabel": "Fees Summary:"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_FnlPrspctsFlg": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "FnlPrspctsFlg",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesSummaryTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Final Prospectus [Flag]",
        "terseLabel": "Final Prospectus"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_FormTp": {
     "xbrltype": "submissionTypeItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "FormTp",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/submissionTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Form Type",
        "terseLabel": "Form Type"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_GnlInstrIIhiFlg": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "GnlInstrIIhiFlg",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "General Instruction II.H,I [Flag]",
        "terseLabel": "General Instruction II.H,I"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_IssrBizAdrCity": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "IssrBizAdrCity",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/submissionTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Issuer Business Address, City",
        "terseLabel": "City"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_IssrBizAdrStatOrCtryCd": {
     "xbrltype": "stateOrCountryCodeItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "IssrBizAdrStatOrCtryCd",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/submissionTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Issuer Business Address, State or Country Code",
        "terseLabel": "State or Country Code"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_IssrBizAdrStrt1": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "IssrBizAdrStrt1",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/submissionTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Issuer Business Address, Street 1",
        "terseLabel": "Street 1"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_IssrBizAdrStrt2": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "IssrBizAdrStrt2",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/submissionTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Issuer Business Address, Street 2",
        "terseLabel": "Street 2"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_IssrBizAdrZipCd": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "IssrBizAdrZipCd",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/submissionTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Issuer Business Address, Zip Code",
        "terseLabel": "Zip Code"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_IssrNm": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "IssrNm",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/submissionTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Issuer Name",
        "terseLabel": "Issuer Name"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_MaxAggtOfferingPric": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative100TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "MaxAggtOfferingPric",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Maximum Aggregate Offering Price",
        "terseLabel": "Maximum Aggregate Offering Price",
        "documentation": "The maximum aggregate offering price for the offering that is being registered."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_MaxOfferingPricPerScty": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegativeDecimal4lItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "MaxOfferingPricPerScty",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Maximum Offering Price per Security",
        "terseLabel": "Proposed Maximum Offering Price per Unit",
        "documentation": "The maximum offering price per share/unit being registered."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_NetFeeAmt": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "NetFeeAmt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesSummaryTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Net Fee Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Net Fee"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_NetSalesAmt": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "NetSalesAmt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/securities424iTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Net Sales Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Net Sales"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_NrrtvDsclsr": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "NrrtvDsclsr",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesSummaryTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Narrative Disclosure",
        "terseLabel": "Narrative Disclosure"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_NrrtvMaxAggtAmt": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegativeDecimal2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "NrrtvMaxAggtAmt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesSummaryTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Narrative Disclosure, Maximum Aggregate Offering Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Narrative - Max Aggregate Offering Amount"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_NrrtvMaxAggtOfferingPric": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative100TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "NrrtvMaxAggtOfferingPric",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesSummaryTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Narrative Disclosure, Maximum Aggregate Offering Price",
        "terseLabel": "Narrative - Max Aggregate Offering Price"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OfferingAxis": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "OfferingAxis",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offering [Axis]",
        "terseLabel": "Offering",
        "documentation": "A sequence number (1, 2, 3...) used to distinguish different security offerings on a single fee bearing submission."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_OfferingLineItems": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "OfferingLineItems",
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offering [Line Items]",
        "terseLabel": "Offering:"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_OfferingNote": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "OfferingNote",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offering Note",
        "terseLabel": "Offering Note"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OfferingSctyTitl": {
     "xbrltype": "securityTitleItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "OfferingSctyTitl",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable",
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/securities424iTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offering Security Title",
        "terseLabel": "Security Class Title",
        "documentation": "The title of the class of securities being registered (for each class being registered)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OfferingSctyTp": {
     "xbrltype": "securityTypeItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "OfferingSctyTp",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offering Security Type",
        "terseLabel": "Security Type",
        "documentation": "Type of securities: \"Asset-backed Securities\", \"ADRs/ADSs\", \"Debt\", \"Debt Convertible into Equity\", \"Equity\", \"Face Amount Certificates\", \"Limited Partnership Interests\", \"Mortgage Backed Securities\", \"Non-Convertible Debt\", \"Unallocated (Universal) Shelf\", \"Exchange Traded Vehicle Securities\", \"Other\""
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OfferingTable": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "OfferingTable",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offering [Table]",
        "terseLabel": "Offering:"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_OfferingTableNa": {
     "xbrltype": "naItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "OfferingTableNa",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/submissionTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offering Table [N/A]",
        "terseLabel": "Offering Table N/A"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_OffsetAxis": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "OffsetAxis",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offset [Axis]",
        "terseLabel": "Offset",
        "documentation": "A sequence number (1, 2, 3...) used to distinguish different offsets as applied to a fee bearing submission."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OffsetClmInitlFilgDt": {
     "xbrltype": "dateItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "OffsetClmInitlFilgDt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offset Claim Initial Filing Date",
        "terseLabel": "Initial Filing Date",
        "documentation": "The initial filing date of the earlier registration statement with which the earlier (offsetting) fee was paid for a claimed offset. If the offset fee was paid with an amendment, do not provide the amendment date under this element; instead, provide the date of the initial filing (i.e. the \"parent\" filing) ."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r5",
      "r8"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OffsetClmdAmt": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "OffsetClmdAmt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offset Claimed Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Fee Offset Claimed",
        "documentation": "The amount of offsetting fees being claimed."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r5",
      "r8"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OffsetClmdInd": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "OffsetClmdInd",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offset Claimed Indicator",
        "terseLabel": "Offset Claimed"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OffsetExpltnForClmdAmt": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "OffsetExpltnForClmdAmt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offset Explanation for Claimed Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Explanation for Claimed Amount"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OffsetLineItems": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "OffsetLineItems",
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "terseLabel": "Offset:",
        "label": "Offset [Line Items]"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OffsetNote": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "OffsetNote",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offset Note",
        "terseLabel": "Offset Note"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OffsetPrrFeeAmt": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "OffsetPrrFeeAmt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offset Prior Fee Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Fee Paid with Fee Offset Source",
        "documentation": "The fee previously paid from which an offset is being derived."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r5",
      "r8"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OffsetPrrFileNb": {
     "xbrltype": "fileNumberItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "OffsetPrrFileNb",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offset Prior File Number",
        "terseLabel": "File Number",
        "documentation": "The EDGAR File Number of the earlier registration statement with which the earlier (offsetting) fee was paid. If the offset filing for the offset has a Securities Act File Number and an Investment Company Act File Number, the Securities Act File Number should be used."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r5",
      "r8"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OffsetPrrFilerNm": {
     "xbrltype": "filerNameItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "OffsetPrrFilerNm",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offset Prior Filer Name",
        "terseLabel": "Registrant or Filer Name",
        "documentation": "The name of the registrant that filed the earlier registration statement with which the earlier (offsetting) fee was paid."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r5",
      "r8"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OffsetPrrFormTp": {
     "xbrltype": "formTypeItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "OffsetPrrFormTp",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offset Prior Form Type",
        "terseLabel": "Form or Filing Type",
        "documentation": "The Form Type of the offset filing."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r5",
      "r8"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OffsetPrrNbOfUnsoldScties": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegativeIntegerItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "OffsetPrrNbOfUnsoldScties",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offset Prior Unsold Number of Securities",
        "terseLabel": "Unsold Securities Associated with Fee Offset Claimed",
        "documentation": "The number of unsold securities registered on the prior registration statement that are associated with the claimed offset."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r5",
      "r8"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OffsetPrrSctyTitl": {
     "xbrltype": "securityTitleItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "OffsetPrrSctyTitl",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offset Prior Security Title",
        "terseLabel": "Security Title Associated with Fee Offset Claimed",
        "documentation": "The title of the class of securities from which offset fees were derived."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r5",
      "r8"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OffsetPrrSctyTp": {
     "xbrltype": "securityTypeItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "OffsetPrrSctyTp",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offset Prior Security Type",
        "terseLabel": "Security Type Associated with Fee Offset Claimed",
        "documentation": "Type of securities: \"Asset-backed Securities\", \"ADRs/ADSs\", \"Debt\", \"Debt Convertible into Equity\", \"Equity\", \"Face Amount Certificates\", \"Limited Partnership Interests\", \"Mortgage Backed Securities\", \"Non-Convertible Debt\", \"Unallocated (Universal) Shelf\", \"Exchange Traded Vehicle Securities\", \"Other\""
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r5",
      "r8"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OffsetPrrUnsoldOfferingAmt": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "OffsetPrrUnsoldOfferingAmt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offset Prior Unsold Offering Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Unsold Aggregate Offering Amount Associated with Fee Offset Claimed",
        "documentation": "The aggregate offering amount of unsold securities registered on the prior registration statement that are associated with the claimed offset."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r5",
      "r8"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OffsetSrcFilgDt": {
     "xbrltype": "dateItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "OffsetSrcFilgDt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offset Source Filing Date",
        "terseLabel": "Filing Date",
        "documentation": "The filing date of the earlier registration statement with which the earlier (offsetting) fee was paid in an offset."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r5",
      "r8"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OffsetTable": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "OffsetTable",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "terseLabel": "Offset Payment:",
        "label": "Offset [Table]"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OffsetTableNa": {
     "xbrltype": "naItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "OffsetTableNa",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/submissionTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offset Table [N/A]",
        "terseLabel": "Offset Table N/A"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_PrevslyPdFlg": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "PrevslyPdFlg",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable",
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/securities424iTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Fee Previously Paid [Flag]",
        "terseLabel": "Fee Previously Paid"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_RegnFileNb": {
     "xbrltype": "fileNumberItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "RegnFileNb",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/submissionTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Registration File Number",
        "terseLabel": "Registration File Number"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_RptgFsclYrEndDt": {
     "xbrltype": "dateItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "RptgFsclYrEndDt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/submissionTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Reporting Fiscal Year End Date",
        "terseLabel": "Reporting FY End Date"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_Rule011Flg": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "Rule011Flg",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 0-11 [Flag]",
        "terseLabel": "Rule 0-11"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_Rule011a2OffsetFlg": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "Rule011a2OffsetFlg",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "terseLabel": "Rule 0-11(a)(2) Offset",
        "label": "Rule 0-11(a)(2) Offset [Flag]"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_Rule415a6Flg": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "Rule415a6Flg",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 415(a)(6) [Flag]",
        "terseLabel": "Rule 415(a)(6)",
        "documentation": "Checkbox indicating whether filer is claiming a 415(a)(6) carryforward."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r2"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Rule429AggtOfferingAmt": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative100TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "Rule429AggtOfferingAmt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesByCmbndPrspctsTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 429 Aggregate Offering Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Maximum Aggregate Offering Price of Securities Previously Registered",
        "documentation": "The maximum aggregate offering amount of unsold securities registered on the prior registration statement that are carried forward under Rule 429. Only applicable if 457(o) was used in the fee calculation for the prior registration statement."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r3"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Rule429CmbndPrspctsFlg": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "Rule429CmbndPrspctsFlg",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesByCmbndPrspctsTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 429 Combined Prospectus [Flag]",
        "terseLabel": "Rule 429",
        "documentation": "Checkbox indicating whether filer is using a combined prospectus under Rule 429."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r3"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Rule429EarlierFileNb": {
     "xbrltype": "fileNumberItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "Rule429EarlierFileNb",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesByCmbndPrspctsTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 429 Earlier File Number",
        "terseLabel": "File Number",
        "documentation": "The Securities Act File Number of the earlier effective registration statement(s) from which securities may be offered and sold using the combined prospectus pursuant to Rule 429."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r3"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Rule429EarlierFormTp": {
     "xbrltype": "formTypeItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "Rule429EarlierFormTp",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesByCmbndPrspctsTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 429 Earlier Form Type",
        "terseLabel": "Form Type",
        "documentation": "The Form Type of the earlier registration statement from which unsold securities are carried forward under Rule 429. This should be an EDGAR submission type (S-3, S-3/A, S-3ASR, etc.), which means there is a fixed set of possible responses. Note that while the XBRL response should be an EDGAR submission type, the human-readable Ex. 107 could include a simpler label (e.g., \"Form S-3\" in the human-readable and \"S-3ASR\" in the XBRL)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r3"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Rule429InitlFctvDt": {
     "xbrltype": "dateItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "Rule429InitlFctvDt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesByCmbndPrspctsTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 429 Initial Effective Date",
        "terseLabel": "Initial Effective Date",
        "documentation": "The filing date of the earlier registration statement from which unsold securities are carried forward under Rule 429."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r3"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Rule429NbOfUnsoldScties": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegativeDecimal2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "Rule429NbOfUnsoldScties",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesByCmbndPrspctsTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 429 Number Of Unsold Securities",
        "terseLabel": "Amount of Securities Previously Registered",
        "documentation": "The number of securities registered on the prior registration statement that are carried forward under Rule 429."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r3"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Rule429PrspctsNote": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "Rule429PrspctsNote",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesByCmbndPrspctsTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 429 Prospectus Note",
        "terseLabel": "Combined Prospectus Note"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Rule429SctyTitl": {
     "xbrltype": "securityTitleItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "Rule429SctyTitl",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesByCmbndPrspctsTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 429 Security Title",
        "terseLabel": "Security Class Title"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Rule429SctyTp": {
     "xbrltype": "securityTypeItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "Rule429SctyTp",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesByCmbndPrspctsTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 429 Security Type",
        "terseLabel": "Security Type"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Rule457aFlg": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "Rule457aFlg",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 457(a) [Flag]",
        "terseLabel": "Rule 457(a)",
        "documentation": "Checkbox indicating whether filer is using Rule 457(a) to calculate the registration fee due."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r4"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Rule457bOffsetFlg": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "Rule457bOffsetFlg",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 457(b) Offset [Flag]",
        "terseLabel": "Rule 457(b) Offset",
        "documentation": "Checkbox indicating whether filer is claiming an offset under Rule 457(b) or 0-11(a)(2)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r5"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Rule457fFlg": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "Rule457fFlg",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 457(f) [Flag]",
        "terseLabel": "Rule 457(f)",
        "documentation": "Checkbox indicating whether filer is using Rule 457(f) to calculate the registration fee due."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r6"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Rule457oFlg": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "Rule457oFlg",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 457(o) [Flag]",
        "terseLabel": "Rule 457(o)",
        "documentation": "Checkbox indicating whether filer is using Rule 457(o) to calculate the registration fee due."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r7"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Rule457pOffsetFlg": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "Rule457pOffsetFlg",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 457(p) Offset [Flag]",
        "terseLabel": "Rule 457(p) Offset",
        "documentation": "Checkbox indicating whether filer is claiming an offset under Rule 457(p)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r8"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Rule457rFlg": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "Rule457rFlg",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 457(r) [Flag]",
        "terseLabel": "Rule 457(r)"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r9"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Rule457sFlg": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "Rule457sFlg",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 457(s) Flag",
        "terseLabel": "Rule 457(s)"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r10"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Rule457uFlg": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "Rule457uFlg",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 457(u) [Flag]",
        "terseLabel": "Rule 457(u)",
        "documentation": "Checkbox indicating whether filer is using Rule 457(u) to calculate the registration fee due."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r11"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Scties424iAxis": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "Scties424iAxis",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/securities424iTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Securities, 424I [Axis]",
        "terseLabel": "Securities, 424I"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Scties424iLineItems": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "Scties424iLineItems",
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Securities, 424I [Line Items]",
        "terseLabel": "Securities, 424I:"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Scties424iTable": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "Scties424iTable",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/securities424iTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Securities, 424I [Table]",
        "terseLabel": "Securities, 424I Table"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Securities424iTableNa": {
     "xbrltype": "naItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "Securities424iNa",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/submissionTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Securities 424I [N/A]",
        "terseLabel": "Securities 424I N/A"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_SubmissionLineItems": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "SubmissionLineItems",
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Submission [Line Items]",
        "terseLabel": "Items"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_SubmissnTp": {
     "xbrltype": "submissionTypeItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "SubmissnTp",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/submissionTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Submission Type",
        "terseLabel": "Submission Type"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_TermntnCmpltnWdrwl": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "TermntnCmpltnWdrwl",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Termination / Completion / Withdrawal Statement",
        "terseLabel": "Termination / Withdrawal Statement"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_TtlFeeAmt": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "TtlFeeAmt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesSummaryTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Total Fee Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Total Fee Amount"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_TtlFeeAndIntrstAmt": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegativeDecimal2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "TtlFeeAndIntrstAmt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesSummaryTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Total Fee and Interest Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Total Fee and Interest Amount"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_TtlOfferingAmt": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "TtlOfferingAmt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesSummaryTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Total Offering Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Total Offering"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_TtlOffsetAmt": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "TtlOffsetAmt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesSummaryTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Total Offset Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Total Offset Amount"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_TtlPrevslyPdAmt": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "TtlPrevslyPdAmt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesSummaryTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Total Previously Paid Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Previously Paid Amount"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_TtlTxValtn": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative100TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "TtlTxValtn",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesSummaryTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Total Transaction Valuation",
        "terseLabel": "Total Transaction Valuation"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_TxValtn": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative100TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "TxValtn",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Transaction Valuation",
        "terseLabel": "Transaction Valuation"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_ValSctiesRcvd": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative100TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "ValSctiesRcvd",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Value of Securities Received",
        "terseLabel": "Value of Securities Received",
        "documentation": "Value of securities to be received by the registrant (or cancelled upon issuance of securities to be registered on the form)"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r6"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_ValSctiesRcvdPerShr": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegativeDecimal4lItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "ValSctiesRcvdPerShr",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Value of Securities Received, Per Share",
        "terseLabel": "Value of Securities Received, Per Share",
        "documentation": "Value per share of securities to be received by the registrant (or cancelled upon issuance of securities to be registered on the form). This is included in the explanation of 457(f) fee calculation."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r6"
     ]
    }
   }
  }
 },
 "std_ref": {
  "r0": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Exchange Act",
   "Number": "240",
   "Section": "12",
   "Subsection": "b-2"
  },
  "r1": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Securities Act",
   "Number": "230"
  },
  "r2": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Securities Act",
   "Number": "230",
   "Section": "415",
   "Subsection": "a"
  },
  "r3": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Securities Act",
   "Number": "230",
   "Section": "429"
  },
  "r4": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Securities Act",
   "Number": "230",
   "Section": "457"
  },
  "r5": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Securities Act",
   "Number": "230",
   "Section": "457",
   "Subsection": "b"
  },
  "r6": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Securities Act",
   "Number": "230",
   "Section": "457",
   "Subsection": "f"
  },
  "r7": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Securities Act",
   "Number": "230",
   "Section": "457",
   "Subsection": "o"
  },
  "r8": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Securities Act",
   "Number": "230",
   "Section": "457",
   "Subsection": "p"
  },
  "r9": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Securities Act",
   "Number": "230",
   "Section": "457",
   "Subsection": "r"
  },
  "r10": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Securities Act",
   "Number": "230",
   "Section": "457",
   "Subsection": "s"
  },
  "r11": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Securities Act",
   "Number": "230",
   "Section": "457",
   "Subsection": "u"
  },
  "r12": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Securities Act",
   "Number": "230",
   "Subsection": "f",
   "Section": "457"
  }
 }
}
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>ZIP
<SEQUENCE>21
<FILENAME>0001213900-25-117886-xbrl.zip
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
begin 644 0001213900-25-117886-xbrl.zip
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MME7['U!+ 0(4 Q0    (  *(@UOVT\"FC0X  )2>   =              "
M 0    !E83 R-C8V,C@P,65X+69E95]F:7)E9FQY+FAT;5!+!08      0 !
+ $L   #(#@     !

end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>22
<FILENAME>ea026662801ex-fee_firefly_htm.xml
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<XML>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<xbrl
  xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance"
  xmlns:dei="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025"
  xmlns:ffd="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025"
  xmlns:iso4217="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/iso4217"
  xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase"
  xmlns:xbrldi="http://xbrl.org/2006/xbrldi"
  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
    <link:schemaRef
      xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025/ffd-2025.xsd"
      xlink:type="simple"/>
    <context id="c_offering_1">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0000803578</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:typedMember dimension="ffd:OfferingAxis">
                    <dei:lineNo>1</dei:lineNo>
                </xbrldi:typedMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2025-11-20</startDate>
            <endDate>2025-11-20</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="c_offering_2">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0000803578</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:typedMember dimension="ffd:OfferingAxis">
                    <dei:lineNo>2</dei:lineNo>
                </xbrldi:typedMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2025-11-20</startDate>
            <endDate>2025-11-20</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="c_offering_3">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0000803578</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:typedMember dimension="ffd:OfferingAxis">
                    <dei:lineNo>3</dei:lineNo>
                </xbrldi:typedMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2025-11-20</startDate>
            <endDate>2025-11-20</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="c_offering_4">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0000803578</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:typedMember dimension="ffd:OfferingAxis">
                    <dei:lineNo>4</dei:lineNo>
                </xbrldi:typedMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2025-11-20</startDate>
            <endDate>2025-11-20</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="c_offering_5">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0000803578</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:typedMember dimension="ffd:OfferingAxis">
                    <dei:lineNo>5</dei:lineNo>
                </xbrldi:typedMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2025-11-20</startDate>
            <endDate>2025-11-20</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="c_offering_6">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0000803578</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:typedMember dimension="ffd:OfferingAxis">
                    <dei:lineNo>6</dei:lineNo>
                </xbrldi:typedMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2025-11-20</startDate>
            <endDate>2025-11-20</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="c_offering_7">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0000803578</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:typedMember dimension="ffd:OfferingAxis">
                    <dei:lineNo>7</dei:lineNo>
                </xbrldi:typedMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2025-11-20</startDate>
            <endDate>2025-11-20</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="c_report">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0000803578</identifier>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2025-11-20</startDate>
            <endDate>2025-11-20</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <unit id="USD">
        <measure>iso4217:USD</measure>
    </unit>
    <unit id="pure">
        <measure>pure</measure>
    </unit>
    <unit id="shares">
        <measure>shares</measure>
    </unit>
    <ffd:SubmissnTp contextRef="c_report" id="fee_001">S-3</ffd:SubmissnTp>
    <ffd:FeeExhibitTp contextRef="c_report" id="fee_002">EX-FILING FEES</ffd:FeeExhibitTp>
    <dei:EntityCentralIndexKey contextRef="c_report" id="fee_003">0000803578</dei:EntityCentralIndexKey>
    <ffd:OfferingTableNa contextRef="c_report" id="fee_004" xsi:nil="true"/>
    <ffd:OffsetTableNa contextRef="c_report" id="fee_005">N/A</ffd:OffsetTableNa>
    <ffd:CombinedProspectusTableNa contextRef="c_report" id="fee_006">N/A</ffd:CombinedProspectusTableNa>
    <ffd:FormTp contextRef="c_report" id="fee_007">S-3</ffd:FormTp>
    <dei:EntityRegistrantName contextRef="c_report" id="fee_008">FIREFLY NEUROSCIENCE, INC.</dei:EntityRegistrantName>
    <ffd:PrevslyPdFlg contextRef="c_offering_1" id="fee_009">false</ffd:PrevslyPdFlg>
    <ffd:OfferingSctyTp contextRef="c_offering_1" id="fee_010">Equity</ffd:OfferingSctyTp>
    <ffd:OfferingSctyTitl contextRef="c_offering_1" id="fee_011">Shares of common stock, par value $0.0001</ffd:OfferingSctyTitl>
    <ffd:Rule457oFlg contextRef="c_offering_1" id="fee_012">true</ffd:Rule457oFlg>
    <ffd:FeeRate
      contextRef="c_offering_1"
      decimals="INF"
      id="fee_013"
      unitRef="pure">0.0001381</ffd:FeeRate>
    <ffd:PrevslyPdFlg contextRef="c_offering_2" id="fee_014">false</ffd:PrevslyPdFlg>
    <ffd:OfferingSctyTp contextRef="c_offering_2" id="fee_015">Equity</ffd:OfferingSctyTp>
    <ffd:OfferingSctyTitl contextRef="c_offering_2" id="fee_016">Shares of preferred Stock, par value $0.0001</ffd:OfferingSctyTitl>
    <ffd:Rule457oFlg contextRef="c_offering_2" id="fee_017">true</ffd:Rule457oFlg>
    <ffd:FeeRate
      contextRef="c_offering_2"
      decimals="INF"
      id="fee_018"
      unitRef="pure">0.0001381</ffd:FeeRate>
    <ffd:PrevslyPdFlg contextRef="c_offering_3" id="fee_019">false</ffd:PrevslyPdFlg>
    <ffd:OfferingSctyTp contextRef="c_offering_3" id="fee_020">Debt</ffd:OfferingSctyTp>
    <ffd:OfferingSctyTitl contextRef="c_offering_3" id="fee_021">Debt securities</ffd:OfferingSctyTitl>
    <ffd:Rule457oFlg contextRef="c_offering_3" id="fee_022">true</ffd:Rule457oFlg>
    <ffd:FeeRate
      contextRef="c_offering_3"
      decimals="INF"
      id="fee_023"
      unitRef="pure">0.0001381</ffd:FeeRate>
    <ffd:PrevslyPdFlg contextRef="c_offering_4" id="fee_024">false</ffd:PrevslyPdFlg>
    <ffd:OfferingSctyTp contextRef="c_offering_4" id="fee_025">Equity</ffd:OfferingSctyTp>
    <ffd:OfferingSctyTitl contextRef="c_offering_4" id="fee_026">Warrants</ffd:OfferingSctyTitl>
    <ffd:Rule457oFlg contextRef="c_offering_4" id="fee_027">true</ffd:Rule457oFlg>
    <ffd:FeeRate
      contextRef="c_offering_4"
      decimals="INF"
      id="fee_028"
      unitRef="pure">0.0001381</ffd:FeeRate>
    <ffd:PrevslyPdFlg contextRef="c_offering_5" id="fee_029">false</ffd:PrevslyPdFlg>
    <ffd:OfferingSctyTp contextRef="c_offering_5" id="fee_030">Other</ffd:OfferingSctyTp>
    <ffd:OfferingSctyTitl contextRef="c_offering_5" id="fee_031">Subscription rights</ffd:OfferingSctyTitl>
    <ffd:Rule457oFlg contextRef="c_offering_5" id="fee_032">true</ffd:Rule457oFlg>
    <ffd:FeeRate
      contextRef="c_offering_5"
      decimals="INF"
      id="fee_033"
      unitRef="pure">0.0001381</ffd:FeeRate>
    <ffd:PrevslyPdFlg contextRef="c_offering_6" id="fee_034">false</ffd:PrevslyPdFlg>
    <ffd:OfferingSctyTp contextRef="c_offering_6" id="fee_035">Other</ffd:OfferingSctyTp>
    <ffd:OfferingSctyTitl contextRef="c_offering_6" id="fee_036">Units</ffd:OfferingSctyTitl>
    <ffd:Rule457oFlg contextRef="c_offering_6" id="fee_037">true</ffd:Rule457oFlg>
    <ffd:FeeRate
      contextRef="c_offering_6"
      decimals="INF"
      id="fee_038"
      unitRef="pure">0.0001381</ffd:FeeRate>
    <ffd:PrevslyPdFlg contextRef="c_offering_7" id="fee_039">false</ffd:PrevslyPdFlg>
    <ffd:OfferingSctyTp contextRef="c_offering_7" id="fee_040">Unallocated (Universal) Shelf</ffd:OfferingSctyTp>
    <ffd:Rule457oFlg contextRef="c_offering_7" id="fee_041">true</ffd:Rule457oFlg>
    <ffd:MaxAggtOfferingPric
      contextRef="c_offering_7"
      decimals="INF"
      id="fee_042"
      unitRef="USD">250000000.00</ffd:MaxAggtOfferingPric>
    <ffd:FeeRate
      contextRef="c_offering_7"
      decimals="INF"
      id="fee_043"
      unitRef="pure">0.0001381</ffd:FeeRate>
    <ffd:FeeAmt
      contextRef="c_offering_7"
      decimals="INF"
      id="fee_044"
      unitRef="USD">34525.00</ffd:FeeAmt>
    <ffd:TtlOfferingAmt
      contextRef="c_report"
      decimals="INF"
      id="fee_045"
      unitRef="USD">250000000.00</ffd:TtlOfferingAmt>
    <ffd:TtlFeeAmt
      contextRef="c_report"
      decimals="INF"
      id="fee_046"
      unitRef="USD">34525.00</ffd:TtlFeeAmt>
    <ffd:TtlPrevslyPdAmt
      contextRef="c_report"
      decimals="INF"
      id="fee_047"
      unitRef="USD">0.00</ffd:TtlPrevslyPdAmt>
    <ffd:TtlOffsetAmt
      contextRef="c_report"
      decimals="INF"
      id="fee_048"
      unitRef="USD">0.00</ffd:TtlOffsetAmt>
    <ffd:NetFeeAmt
      contextRef="c_report"
      decimals="INF"
      id="fee_049"
      unitRef="USD">34525.00</ffd:NetFeeAmt>
    <ffd:OfferingNote contextRef="c_offering_1" id="fee_050">There are being registered hereunder such indeterminate (a) number of shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share (&#x201c;common stock&#x201d;), (b) number of shares of preferred stock, $0.0001 par value per share (&#x201c;preferred stock&#x201d;), (c) principal amount of debt securities, (d) number of warrants to purchase common stock, preferred stock or debt securities; (e) number of rights to purchase common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, or units, and (f) number of units consisting of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, rights, or any combination thereof, as shall have an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $250,000,000. If any debt securities are issued at an original issue discount, then the offering price of such debt securities shall be in such greater principal amount as shall result in an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $250,000,000. Any securities registered hereunder may be sold separately or as units with other securities registered hereunder. The securities registered also include such indeterminate number of common stock, preferred stock, and debt securities as may be issued upon conversion, exercise or exchange of convertible, exercisable or exchangeable securities being registered hereunder or pursuant to the antidilution provisions of any such securities. In addition, pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#x201c;Securities Act&#x201d;), the securities being registered hereunder include such indeterminate number of securities as may be issuable with respect to the securities being registered hereunder as a result of stock splits, stock dividends or similar transactions.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;The proposed maximum aggregate offering price per class of security will be determined from time to time by the registrant in connection with the issuance by the registrant of the securities registered hereunder and is not specified as to each class of security pursuant to General Instruction II.D. of Form S-3 under the Securities Act.</ffd:OfferingNote>
    <ffd:OfferingNote contextRef="c_offering_2" id="fee_051">There are being registered hereunder such indeterminate (a) number of shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share (&#x201c;common stock&#x201d;), (b) number of shares of preferred stock, $0.0001 par value per share (&#x201c;preferred stock&#x201d;), (c) principal amount of debt securities, (d) number of warrants to purchase common stock, preferred stock or debt securities; (e) number of rights to purchase common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, or units, and (f) number of units consisting of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, rights, or any combination thereof, as shall have an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $250,000,000. If any debt securities are issued at an original issue discount, then the offering price of such debt securities shall be in such greater principal amount as shall result in an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $250,000,000. Any securities registered hereunder may be sold separately or as units with other securities registered hereunder. The securities registered also include such indeterminate number of common stock, preferred stock, and debt securities as may be issued upon conversion, exercise or exchange of convertible, exercisable or exchangeable securities being registered hereunder or pursuant to the antidilution provisions of any such securities. In addition, pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#x201c;Securities Act&#x201d;), the securities being registered hereunder include such indeterminate number of securities as may be issuable with respect to the securities being registered hereunder as a result of stock splits, stock dividends or similar transactions.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;The proposed maximum aggregate offering price per class of security will be determined from time to time by the registrant in connection with the issuance by the registrant of the securities registered hereunder and is not specified as to each class of security pursuant to General Instruction II.D. of Form S-3 under the Securities Act.</ffd:OfferingNote>
    <ffd:OfferingNote contextRef="c_offering_3" id="fee_052">There are being registered hereunder such indeterminate (a) number of shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share (&#x201c;common stock&#x201d;), (b) number of shares of preferred stock, $0.0001 par value per share (&#x201c;preferred stock&#x201d;), (c) principal amount of debt securities, (d) number of warrants to purchase common stock, preferred stock or debt securities; (e) number of rights to purchase common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, or units, and (f) number of units consisting of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, rights, or any combination thereof, as shall have an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $250,000,000. If any debt securities are issued at an original issue discount, then the offering price of such debt securities shall be in such greater principal amount as shall result in an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $250,000,000. Any securities registered hereunder may be sold separately or as units with other securities registered hereunder. The securities registered also include such indeterminate number of common stock, preferred stock, and debt securities as may be issued upon conversion, exercise or exchange of convertible, exercisable or exchangeable securities being registered hereunder or pursuant to the antidilution provisions of any such securities. In addition, pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#x201c;Securities Act&#x201d;), the securities being registered hereunder include such indeterminate number of securities as may be issuable with respect to the securities being registered hereunder as a result of stock splits, stock dividends or similar transactions.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;The proposed maximum aggregate offering price per class of security will be determined from time to time by the registrant in connection with the issuance by the registrant of the securities registered hereunder and is not specified as to each class of security pursuant to General Instruction II.D. of Form S-3 under the Securities Act.</ffd:OfferingNote>
    <ffd:OfferingNote contextRef="c_offering_4" id="fee_053">There are being registered hereunder such indeterminate (a) number of shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share (&#x201c;common stock&#x201d;), (b) number of shares of preferred stock, $0.0001 par value per share (&#x201c;preferred stock&#x201d;), (c) principal amount of debt securities, (d) number of warrants to purchase common stock, preferred stock or debt securities; (e) number of rights to purchase common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, or units, and (f) number of units consisting of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, rights, or any combination thereof, as shall have an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $250,000,000. If any debt securities are issued at an original issue discount, then the offering price of such debt securities shall be in such greater principal amount as shall result in an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $250,000,000. Any securities registered hereunder may be sold separately or as units with other securities registered hereunder. The securities registered also include such indeterminate number of common stock, preferred stock, and debt securities as may be issued upon conversion, exercise or exchange of convertible, exercisable or exchangeable securities being registered hereunder or pursuant to the antidilution provisions of any such securities. In addition, pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#x201c;Securities Act&#x201d;), the securities being registered hereunder include such indeterminate number of securities as may be issuable with respect to the securities being registered hereunder as a result of stock splits, stock dividends or similar transactions.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;The proposed maximum aggregate offering price per class of security will be determined from time to time by the registrant in connection with the issuance by the registrant of the securities registered hereunder and is not specified as to each class of security pursuant to General Instruction II.D. of Form S-3 under the Securities Act.</ffd:OfferingNote>
    <ffd:OfferingNote contextRef="c_offering_5" id="fee_054">There are being registered hereunder such indeterminate (a) number of shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share (&#x201c;common stock&#x201d;), (b) number of shares of preferred stock, $0.0001 par value per share (&#x201c;preferred stock&#x201d;), (c) principal amount of debt securities, (d) number of warrants to purchase common stock, preferred stock or debt securities; (e) number of rights to purchase common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, or units, and (f) number of units consisting of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, rights, or any combination thereof, as shall have an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $250,000,000. If any debt securities are issued at an original issue discount, then the offering price of such debt securities shall be in such greater principal amount as shall result in an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $250,000,000. Any securities registered hereunder may be sold separately or as units with other securities registered hereunder. The securities registered also include such indeterminate number of common stock, preferred stock, and debt securities as may be issued upon conversion, exercise or exchange of convertible, exercisable or exchangeable securities being registered hereunder or pursuant to the antidilution provisions of any such securities. In addition, pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#x201c;Securities Act&#x201d;), the securities being registered hereunder include such indeterminate number of securities as may be issuable with respect to the securities being registered hereunder as a result of stock splits, stock dividends or similar transactions.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;The proposed maximum aggregate offering price per class of security will be determined from time to time by the registrant in connection with the issuance by the registrant of the securities registered hereunder and is not specified as to each class of security pursuant to General Instruction II.D. of Form S-3 under the Securities Act.</ffd:OfferingNote>
    <ffd:OfferingNote contextRef="c_offering_6" id="fee_055">There are being registered hereunder such indeterminate (a) number of shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share (&#x201c;common stock&#x201d;), (b) number of shares of preferred stock, $0.0001 par value per share (&#x201c;preferred stock&#x201d;), (c) principal amount of debt securities, (d) number of warrants to purchase common stock, preferred stock or debt securities; (e) number of rights to purchase common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, or units, and (f) number of units consisting of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, rights, or any combination thereof, as shall have an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $250,000,000. If any debt securities are issued at an original issue discount, then the offering price of such debt securities shall be in such greater principal amount as shall result in an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $250,000,000. Any securities registered hereunder may be sold separately or as units with other securities registered hereunder. The securities registered also include such indeterminate number of common stock, preferred stock, and debt securities as may be issued upon conversion, exercise or exchange of convertible, exercisable or exchangeable securities being registered hereunder or pursuant to the antidilution provisions of any such securities. In addition, pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#x201c;Securities Act&#x201d;), the securities being registered hereunder include such indeterminate number of securities as may be issuable with respect to the securities being registered hereunder as a result of stock splits, stock dividends or similar transactions.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;The proposed maximum aggregate offering price per class of security will be determined from time to time by the registrant in connection with the issuance by the registrant of the securities registered hereunder and is not specified as to each class of security pursuant to General Instruction II.D. of Form S-3 under the Securities Act.</ffd:OfferingNote>
    <ffd:OfferingNote contextRef="c_offering_7" id="fee_056">There are being registered hereunder such indeterminate (a) number of shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share (&#x201c;common stock&#x201d;), (b) number of shares of preferred stock, $0.0001 par value per share (&#x201c;preferred stock&#x201d;), (c) principal amount of debt securities, (d) number of warrants to purchase common stock, preferred stock or debt securities; (e) number of rights to purchase common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, or units, and (f) number of units consisting of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, rights, or any combination thereof, as shall have an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $250,000,000. If any debt securities are issued at an original issue discount, then the offering price of such debt securities shall be in such greater principal amount as shall result in an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $250,000,000. Any securities registered hereunder may be sold separately or as units with other securities registered hereunder. The securities registered also include such indeterminate number of common stock, preferred stock, and debt securities as may be issued upon conversion, exercise or exchange of convertible, exercisable or exchangeable securities being registered hereunder or pursuant to the antidilution provisions of any such securities. In addition, pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#x201c;Securities Act&#x201d;), the securities being registered hereunder include such indeterminate number of securities as may be issuable with respect to the securities being registered hereunder as a result of stock splits, stock dividends or similar transactions.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;The proposed maximum aggregate offering price per class of security will be determined from time to time by the registrant in connection with the issuance by the registrant of the securities registered hereunder and is not specified as to each class of security pursuant to General Instruction II.D. of Form S-3 under the Securities Act.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee.</ffd:OfferingNote>
</xbrl>
</XML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
