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Description of Business, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 6 Months Ended
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May 31, 2017
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Revenue Recognition | Revenue Recognition Revenue Recognition for Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables For multi-element arrangements, the Company allocates revenue to all deliverables based on their relative selling prices. In such circumstances, accounting principles establish a hierarchy to determine the selling price to be used for allocating revenue to deliverables as follows: (i) vendor-specific objective evidence of fair value (“VSOE”), (ii) third-party evidence of selling price (“TPE”), and (iii) best estimate of the selling price (“ESP”). VSOE generally exists only when the Company sells the deliverable separately and it is the price actually charged by the Company for that deliverable. The Company has identified two deliverables generally contained in the arrangements involving the sale of its umbilical cord blood product. The first deliverable is the processing of a specimen. The second deliverable is either the annual storage of a specimen, the 21-year storage fee charged for a specimen or the life-time storage fee charged for a specimen. The Company has allocated revenue between these deliverables using the relative selling price method. The Company has VSOE for its annual storage fees as the Company renews storage fees annually with its customers on a stand-alone basis. Because the Company has neither VSOE nor TPE for the processing, 21-year storage and life-time storage deliverables, the allocation of revenue has been based on the Company’s ESPs. Amounts allocated to processing a specimen are recognized at the time the processing of the specimen is complete. Amounts allocated to the storage of a specimen are recognized ratably over the contractual storage period. Any discounts given to the customer are recognized by applying the relative selling price method whereby after the Company determines the selling price to be allocated to each deliverable (processing and storage), the sum of the prices of the deliverables is then compared to the arrangement consideration, and any difference is applied to the separate deliverables ratably. The Company’s process for determining its ESP for deliverables without VSOE or TPE considers multiple factors that may vary depending upon the unique facts and circumstances related to each deliverable. Key factors considered by the Company in developing the ESPs for its processing, 21-year storage and life-time storage fee include the Company’s historical pricing practices, as well as expected profit margins. The Company records revenue from processing and storage of specimens and pursuant to agreements with licensees. The Company recognizes revenue from processing fees upon completion of processing and recognizes storage fees ratably over the contractual storage period as well as other income from royalties paid by licensees related to long-term storage contracts which the Company has under license agreements. Contracted storage periods are annual, twenty-one years and lifetime. Deferred revenue on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets includes the portion of the annual storage fee, the twenty-one-year storage fee and the life-time storage fee that is being recognized over the contractual storage period as well as royalties received from foreign licensees related to long-term storage contracts in which the Company has future obligations under the license agreement. The Company classifies deferred revenue as current if the Company expects to recognize the related revenue over the next 12 months. The Company also records revenue within processing and storage fees from shipping and handling billed to customers when earned. Shipping and handling costs that the Company incurs are expensed and included in cost of sales. The Company records revenue from the sale of the PrepaCyte CB product line upon shipment of the product to the Company’s customers.
Income Taxes | Income Taxes Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to be recovered or settled. The Company has recorded a valuation allowance of $2,301,000 and $2,301,000 as of May 31, 2017 and November 30, 2016, as the Company does not believe it is “more likely than not” that all future income tax benefits will be realized. When the Company changes its determination as to the amount of deferred income tax assets that can be realized, the valuation allowance is adjusted with a corresponding impact to income tax expense in the period in which such determination is made. The ultimate realization of the Company’s deferred income tax assets depends upon generating sufficient taxable income prior to the expiration of the tax attributes. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, the Company projects future levels of taxable income. This assessment requires significant judgment. The Company examines the evidence related to the recent history of losses, the economic conditions in which the Company operates and forecasts and projections to make that determination. The Company recorded U.S. income taxes of approximately $296,000 and $148,000, for the three months ended May 31, 2017 and May 31, 2016, respectively. The Company recorded U.S. income taxes of approximately $602,000 and $148,000 for the six months ended May 31, 2017 and May 31, 2016, respectively. The Company records foreign income taxes withheld from installment payments of non-refundable up-front license fees and royalty income earned on the processing and storage of cord blood stem cell specimens in geographic areas where the Company has license agreements. The Company recognized approximately $36,000 and $54,000 for the three months ended May 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, of foreign income tax expense. The Company recognized approximately $36,000 and $54,000 for the six months ended May 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, of foreign income tax expense. Foreign income tax expense is included in income tax expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income. The Company recognizes the financial statement benefit of a tax position only after determining that the relevant tax authority would more likely than not sustain the position following an audit. For tax positions meeting the more-likely-than-not threshold, the amount recognized in the financial statements is the largest benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the relevant tax authority. Increases or decreases to the unrecognized tax benefits could result from management’s belief that a position can or cannot be sustained upon examination based on subsequent information or potential lapse of the applicable statute of limitation for certain tax positions. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. For the three and six months ended May 31, 2017 and May 31, 2016, the Company had no provisions for interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions.
Long-Lived Assets | Long-Lived Assets The Company evaluates the realizability of its long-lived assets, which requires impairment losses to be recorded on long-lived assets used in operations when indicators of impairment, such as reductions in demand or when significant economic slowdowns are present. Reviews are performed to determine whether the carrying value of an asset is impaired, based on comparisons to undiscounted expected future cash flows. If this comparison indicates that there is impairment and carrying value is in excess of fair value, the impaired asset is written down to fair value, which is typically calculated using: (i) quoted market prices or (ii) discounted expected future cash flows utilizing a discount rate. The Company did not note any impairment for the three and six months ended May 31, 2017 and 2016.
Goodwill | Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of the assets acquired from CytoMedical Design Group LLC (“CMDG”) (Note 2) over the estimated fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment at least annually at the PrepaCyte CB reporting segment level or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. Impairment loss, if any, is recognized based on a comparison of the fair value of the asset to its carrying value, without consideration of any recoverability. The annual impairment assessment is performed during the fourth quarter and at other times if an event occurs or indicators of impairment exist by first assessing qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting segment is less than its carrying amount. If we conclude it is more likely than not that the fair value of goodwill is less than its carrying amount, a quantitative impairment test is performed. During the third quarter of fiscal 2016, the Company determined that there were sufficient indicators to trigger an impairment analysis. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016, the Company performed its annual impairment analysis. The Company concluded that an impairment of the PrepaCyte CB reporting segment existed during fiscal year 2016 and a goodwill impairment charge of $1,777,822 was recorded during fiscal year 2016.
Stock Compensation | Stock Compensation As of May 31, 2017, the Company has two stock-based compensation plans, which are described in Note 8 to the unaudited consolidated financial statements. The Company’s most recent stock-based employee compensation plan became effective December 1, 2011 as approved by the Board of Directors and approved by the stockholders at the 2012 Annual Meeting. The Company recognized approximately $394,000 and $136,000 for the three months ended May 31, 2017 and May 31, 2016, respectively, of stock compensation expense. The Company recognized approximately $471,000 and $388,000 for the six months ended May 31, 2017 and May 31, 2016, respectively, of stock compensation expense. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation based on the fair value of the related awards. Under the fair value recognition guidance of stock-based compensation accounting rules, stock-based compensation expense is estimated at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as expense over the requisite service period of the award. The fair value of service-based vesting condition and performance-based vesting condition stock option awards is determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model. For stock option awards with only service-based vesting conditions and graded vesting features, the Company recognizes stock compensation expense based on the graded-vesting method. To value awards with market-based vesting conditions the Company uses a binomial valuation model. The Company recognizes compensation cost for awards with market-based vesting conditions on a graded-vesting basis over the derived service period calculated by the binomial valuation model. The use of these valuation models involves assumptions that are judgmental and highly sensitive in the determination of compensation expense and include the expected life of the option, stock price volatility, risk-free interest rate, dividend yield, exercise price, and forfeiture rate. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of valuation and reduce expense ratably over the vesting period. The estimation of stock awards that will ultimately vest requires judgment and to the extent that actual results or updated estimates differ from current estimates, such amounts will be recorded as a cumulative adjustment in the period they become known. The Company considered many factors when estimating forfeitures, including the recipient groups and historical experience. Actual results and future changes in estimates may differ substantially from current estimates. The Company issues performance-based equity awards which vest upon the achievement of certain financial performance goals, including revenue and income targets. Determining the appropriate amount to expense based on the anticipated achievement of the stated goals requires judgment, including forecasting future financial results. The estimate of the timing of the expense recognition is revised periodically based on the probability of achieving the required performance targets and adjustments are made as appropriate. The cumulative impact of any revision is reflected in the period of the change. If the financial performance goals are not met, the award does not vest, so no compensation cost is recognized and any previously stock-recognized stock-based compensation expense is reversed. The Company issues equity awards with market-based vesting conditions which vest upon the achievement of certain stock price targets. If the awards are forfeited prior to the completion of the derived service period, any recognized compensation is reversed. If the awards are forfeited after the completion of the derived service period, the compensation cost is not reversed, even if the awards never vest.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments | Fair Value of Financial Instruments Management uses a fair value hierarchy, which gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets. The fair value of financial instruments is estimated based on market trading information, where available. Absent published market values for an instrument or other assets, management uses observable market data to arrive at its estimates of fair value. Management believes that the carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, notes receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The Company believes that the fair value of its Revenue Sharing Agreements (“RSA”) liability recorded on the balance sheet is between the recorded book value and up to the Company’s previous settlement experience, due to the various terms and conditions associated with each RSA. The Company uses an accounting standard that defines fair value as an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, the standard establishes a three-level fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows:
Level 1 |  | Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 |  | Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.
Level 3 |  | Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. This includes certain pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs.
The following table summarizes the financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of May 31, 2017 and November 30, 2016, respectively, segregated among the appropriate levels within the fair value hierarchy:
|  | Fair Value at May 31, 2017 |  |  | Fair Value Measurements at May 31, 2017 Using |
Description |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trading securities |  | $ | 112,976 |  |  | $ | 112,976 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Available-for-sale securities |  |  | 365,364 |  |  |  | 365,364 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 478,340 |  |  | $ | 478,340 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
|  | Fair Value at November 30, 2016 |  |  | Fair Value Measurements at November 30, 2016 Using |
Description |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trading Securities |  | $ | 304,142 |  |  | $ | 304,142 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Available-for-sale |  |  | 320,081 |  |  |  | 320,081 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
|  | $ | 624,223 |  |  | $ | 624,223 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
The following is a description of the valuation techniques used for these items, as well as the general classification of such items pursuant to the fair value hierarchy: Trading securities – Fair values for these investments are based on quoted prices in active markets and are therefore classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. For trading securities, there was ($38,590) and ($823) in unrealized holding loss, respectively, recorded in other income and expense on the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the three months ended May 31, 2017 and 2016. For trading securities, there was ($65,210) and ($20,652) in unrealized holding loss, respectively, recorded in other income and expense on the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the six months ended May 31, 2017 and 2016. Available-for-sale securities – These investments are classified as available for sale and consist of marketable equity securities that we intend to hold for an indefinite period of time. Investments are stated at fair value and unrealized holding gains and losses are reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income until realized. Realized gains or losses on disposition of investments are computed using the first in, first out (FIFO) method and reported as income or loss in the period of disposition in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income. For available-for-sale securities, there was $33,701 and ($6,493) in unrealized holding gain and loss, net of tax, respectively, reported as comprehensive income on the accompanying statements of comprehensive income for the three months ended May 31, 2017 and 2016. For available-for-sale securities, there was $26,640 and ($100,220) in unrealized holding gain and loss, net of tax, respectively, reported as a component of comprehensive income on the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the six month period ended May 31, 2017 and 2016.
Product Warranty and Cryo-Cell CaresTM Program | Product Warranty and Cryo-Cell CaresTM Program In December 2005, the Company began providing its customers that enrolled after December 2005 a payment warranty under which the Company agrees to pay $50,000 to its client if the umbilical cord blood product retrieved is used for a stem cell transplant for the donor or an immediate family member and fails to engraft, subject to various restrictions. Effective February 1, 2012, the Company increased the $50,000 payment warranty to a $75,000 payment warranty to all of its new clients. Additionally, under the Cryo-Cell CaresTM program, the Company will pay $10,000 to the client to offset personal expenses if the umbilical cord blood product is used for bone marrow reconstitution in a myeloblative transplant procedure. The product warranty and the Cryo-Cell Cares program are available to clients who enroll under this structure for as long as the specimen is stored with the Company. The Company has not experienced any claims under the warranty program nor has it incurred costs related to these warranties. The Company does not maintain insurance for this warranty program and therefore maintains reserves to cover any estimated potential liabilities. The Company’s reserve balance is based on the $75,000 or $50,000 (as applicable) maximum payment and the $10,000 maximum expense reimbursement multiplied by formulas to determine the projected number of units requiring a payout. The Company determined the estimated expected usage and engraftment failure rates based on an analysis of the historical usage and failure rates and the historical usage and failure rates in other private and public cord blood banks based on published data. The Company’s estimates of expected usage and engraftment failure could change as a result of changes in actual usage rates or failure rates and such changes would require an adjustment to the established reserves. The historical usage and failure rates have been very low and a small increase in the number of transplants or engraftment failures could cause a significant increase in the estimated rates used in determining the Company’s reserve. In addition, the reserve will increase as additional umbilical cord blood specimens are stored which are subject to the warranty. As of May 31, 2017 and November 30, 2016 the Company recorded reserves under these programs in the amounts of approximately $17,000 and $17,000, respectively, which are included in accrued expenses in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements | Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements In May 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2017-09, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting. This update provides clarity, reduces the diversity in practice, and the cost and complexity when applying the guidance in Topic 718 to a change to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award. The new standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017, although early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect that the updated standard will have on our financial statements.

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