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Description of Business, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies | 6 Months Ended
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May 31, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Description of Business, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies | Note 1 – Description of Business, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies Cryo-Cell International, Inc. (“the Company” or “Cryo-Cell”) was incorporated in Delaware on September 11, 1989 and is headquartered in Oldsmar, Florida. The Company is organized in three reportable segments, cellular processing and cryogenic cellular storage, with a current focus on the collection and preservation of umbilical cord blood stem cells for family use, the manufacture of PrepaCyte CB units, the processing technology used to process umbilical cord blood stem cells and cellular processing and cryogenic storage of umbilical cord blood stem cells for public use. Revenues recognized for the cellular processing and cryogenic cellular storage represent sales of the umbilical cord blood stem cells program to customers and income from licensees selling the umbilical cord blood stem cells program to customers outside the United States. Revenues recognized for the manufacture of PrepaCyte CB units represent sales of the PrepaCyte CB units to customers. Revenue recognized for the cryogenic storage of umbilical cord blood stem cells for public use is generated from the sale of the cord blood units to the National Marrow Donor Program (“NMDP”), which distributes the cord blood units to transplant centers located in the United States and around the world. The Company’s headquarters facility in Oldsmar, Florida handles all aspects of its U.S.-based business operations including the processing and storage of specimens, including specimens obtained from certain of its licensees’ customers. The specimens are stored in commercially available cryogenic storage equipment. The unaudited consolidated financial statements including the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of May 31, 2019 and November 30, 2018, the related Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three and six months ended May 31, 2019 and May 31, 2018 , Cash Flows for the six months ended May 31, 2019 and May 31, 2018 and Stockholders’ Deficit for the three and six months ended May 31, 2019 and May 31, 2018 have been prepared by Cryo-Cell International, Inc. and its subsidiaries (“the Company” or “Cryo-Cell”) pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission for interim financial reporting. Certain financial information and note disclosures, which are normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, have been condensed or omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations. It is suggested that these consolidated financial statements be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s November 30, 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (which include only normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations, and changes in cash flows for all periods presented have been made. The results of operations for the three and six months ended May 31, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for any interim period in the future or the entire year ending November 30, 2019. Revenue Recognition Effective December 1, 2018, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), using the modified retrospective transition method. The Company recognized the cumulative effect of applying the new revenue standard to all contracts with customers that were not completed as of December 1, 2018 as an adjustment to the opening balance of stockholders’ deficit at the beginning of fiscal year 2019. The reported results for 2019 reflect the application of ASC 606 guidance while the reported results for 2018 were prepared under the guidance of ASC 605, Revenue Recognition (ASC 605). ASC 606 applies to all contracts with customers, except for contracts that are within the scope of other standards, such as leases, insurance, collaboration arrangements and financial instruments. ASC 606 also impacts certain other areas, such as the accounting for costs to obtain or fulfill a contract. ASC 606 also requires disclosure of the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The adoption of ASC 606 did not have an impact on the amount of reported revenues with respect to the Company’s product or service revenues. In connection with the adoption of ASC 606, the Company is required to capitalize certain contract acquisition costs consisting primarily of commissions paid when contracts are signed and amortize these costs on a systematic basis, consistent with the pattern of transfer of the storage services provided over time for which the asset relates. As of December 1, 2018, the Company capitalized in deposits and other assets, net, $329,231 in incremental contract acquisition costs related to sales commissions on prepaid storage contracts and reversed $18,408 of its variable consideration that the Company determined to be fully constrained, with a corresponding change in the opening balance of stockholders’ deficit of $253,447, net of tax, of $94,192. Under ASC 606, revenue is recognized when, or as, obligations under the terms of a contract are satisfied, which occurs when control of the promised services are transferred to the customers. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for transferring services to a customer (“transaction price”). At contract inception, if the contract is determined to be within the scope of ASC 606, the Company evaluates its contracts with customers using the five-step model: (1) identify the contract with the customer; (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to separate performance obligations; and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) each performance obligation is satisfied. The Company evaluates its contracts for legal enforceability at contract inception and subsequently throughout the Company’s relationship with its customers. If legal enforceability with regards to the rights and obligations exist for both the Company and the customer, then the Company has an enforceable contract and revenue recognition is permitted subject to the satisfaction of the other criteria. If, at the outset of an arrangement, the Company determines that a contract with enforceable rights and obligations does not exist, revenues are deferred until all criteria for an enforceable contract are met. The Company only applies the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that collection of the consideration that the Company is entitled to in exchange for the goods or services being transferred to the customer, will occur. Contract modifications exist when the modification either creates new or changes in the existing enforceable rights and obligations. The Company’s contracts are occasionally modified to account for changes in contract terms and conditions, which the Company refers to as an upgrade or downgrade. An upgrade occurs when a customer wants to pay for additional years of storage. A downgrade occurs when a customer originally entered into a long-term contract (such as twenty-one year or life-time plan) but would like to change the term to a one-year contract. Upgrade modifications qualify for treatment as a separate contract as the additional services are distinct and the increase in contract price reflects the Company’s stand-alone selling price for the additional services and will be accounted for on a prospective basis. Downgrade modifications do not qualify for treatment as a separate contract as there is no increase in price over the original contract, thus failing the separate contract criteria. As such, the Company separately considers downgrade modifications to determine if these should be accounted for as a termination of the existing contract and creation of a new contract (prospective method) or as part of the existing contract (cumulative catch-up adjustment). ASC 606 requires that an entity account for the contract modification as if it were a termination of the existing contract, and the creation of a new contract, if the remaining goods or services are distinct from the goods or services transferred on or before the date of the contract modification. As the services after the modification were previously determined to be distinct, the Company concluded that downgrade modifications qualify under this method and will be accounted for on a prospective basis. Although contract modifications do occur, they are infrequent. Performance Obligations At contract inception, the Company assesses the goods and services promised in the contracts with customers and identifies a performance obligation for each promise to transfer to the customer a good or service (or bundle of goods or services) that is distinct. The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied. To identify the performance obligations, the Company considers all of the goods or services promised in the contract regardless of whether they are explicitly stated or are implied by customary business practices. The Company determined that the following distinct goods and services represent separate performance obligations involving the sale of its umbilical cord blood product:
| • |  | Collection and processing services
| • |  | Storage services
| • |  | Public cord blood banking
| • |  | License and royalties
| • |  | Sale of PrepaCyte CB product
a) | Processing and Storage Fees
Processing and storage fees include the Company providing umbilical cord blood and tissue cellular processing and cryogenic cellular storage for private use. Revenues recognized for the cellular processing and cryogenic cellular storage represent sales of the umbilical cord blood stem cells program to customers and income from licensees who are selling the umbilical cord blood stem cells program to customers outside the United States. The Company recognizes revenue from processing fees at the point in time of the successful completion of processing and recognizes storage fees over time, which is ratably over the contractual storage period as well as other income from royalties paid by licensees related to long-term storage contracts which the Company has under license agreements. Contracted storage periods are annual, twenty-one years and life-time . The life-time storage plan is based on a life expectancy of 81 years, which is the current estimate by the Center for Disease Control for United States women’s life expectancy and concluded that additional data analysis would result in an immaterial difference in revenue. Deferred revenue on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets includes the portion of the annual, the twenty-one-year and the life-time storage fees that are being recognized over the contractual storage period as well as royalties received from foreign licensees relating to long-term storage contracts for which the Company has future obligations under the license agreement. The Company classifies deferred revenue as current if the Company expects to recognize the related revenue over the next 12 months from the balance sheet date. Significant financing When determining the transaction price of a contract, an adjustment is made if payment from a customer occurs either significantly before or significantly after performance, resulting in a significant financing component. For all plans being annual, twenty-one years and life-time, the storage fee is paid at the beginning of the storage period (prepaid plans). Alternatively, the Company offers payment plans (including a stated service fee) for customers to pay over time for a period of one to twenty-four plus months. The one-time plan includes the collection kit, processing and testing, return medical courier service and twenty-one years of pre-paid storage fees. The life-time plan includes the collection kit, processing and testing, return medical courier service and pre-paid storage fees for the life of the customer. The Company concluded that a significant financing component is not present within either the prepaid or overtime payment plans. The Company has determined that the twenty-one year and life-time prepayment options do not include a significant financing component as the payment terms were structured primarily for reasons other than the provision of financing and to maximize profitability. The Company has determined that the majority of plans that are paid over time are paid in less than a year. When considered over a twenty-four-month payment plan, the difference between the cash selling price and the consideration paid is nominal. As such, the Company believes that its payment plans do not include significant financing components as they are not significant in the aggregate when considered in the context of all contracts entered into nor significant at the individual contract level. The Company elected to apply the practical expedient where the Company does not need to assess whether a significant financing component exists if the period between when it performs its obligations under the contract and when the customer pays is one year or less. As of May 31, 2019, the total aggregate transaction price allocated to the unsatisfied performance obligations was recorded as deferred revenue amounting to $30,500,610, which will be recognized ratably on a straight-line basis over the contractual period of which $8,516,593 will be recognized over the next twelve months. Variable consideration In December 2005, the Company began providing its customers that enrolled after December 2005 a payment warranty under which the Company agrees to pay $50,000 to its client if the umbilical cord blood product retrieved is used for a stem cell transplant for the donor or an immediate family member and fails to engraft, subject to various restrictions. Effective February 1, 2012, the Company increased the $50,000 payment warranty to a $75,000 payment warranty to all of its new clients. Effective June 1, 2017, the Company increased the payment warranty to $100,000 to all new clients who choose the premium processing method, Prepacyte CB. Additionally, under the Cryo-Cell CaresTM program, the Company will pay $10,000 to the client to offset personal expenses if the umbilical cord blood product is used for bone marrow reconstitution in a myeloblative transplant procedure. The product warranty and the Cryo-Cell Cares program are available to clients who enroll under this structure for as long as the specimen is stored with the Company. In the processing and storage agreements, the Company provides limited rights which are offered to customers automatically upon contract execution. The Company has determined that the payment warranty represents variable consideration payable to the customer. Based on the Company’s historical experience to date, the Company has determined the payment warranty to be fully constrained under the most likely amount method. Consequently, the transaction price does not currently reflect any expectation of service level credits. At the end of each reporting period, the Company will update the estimated transaction price related to the payment warranty including updating its assessment of whether an estimate of variable consideration is constrained to represent faithfully the circumstances present at the end of the reporting period and the changes in circumstances during the reporting period. Allocation of transaction price As the Company’s processing and storage agreements contain multiple performance obligations, ASC 606 requires an allocation of the transaction price based on the estimated relative standalone selling prices of the promised services underlying each performance obligation. The Company has selected an adjusted market assessment approach to estimate the stand-alone selling prices of the processing services and storage services and concluded that the published list price is the price that a customer in that market would be willing to pay for those goods or services. The Company also considered the fact that all customers are charged the list prices current at the time of their enrollment where the Company has separately stated list prices for processing and storage. Costs to Obtain a Contract Prior to the adoption of ASC 606, the Company expensed in the period, all commissions paid to its internal and external sales representatives the Company employs and to its customers for generating new contracts. With the adoption of ASC 606 as of December 1, 2018, the Company capitalizes commissions that are incremental in obtaining customer contracts and the costs incurred to fulfill a customer contract if those costs are not within the scope of another topic within the accounting literature and meet the specified criteria. These costs are deferred in other current or long-term assets and are expensed to selling, general and administrative expenses as the Company satisfies the performance obligations by transferring the service to the customer. These assets will be periodically assessed for impairment. As a practical expedient, the Company elected to recognize the incremental costs of obtaining its annual contracts as an expense when incurred, as the amortization period of the asset recognized would have been one year. The Company has determined that payments under the Company’s refer-a-friend program (“RAF program”) are incremental costs of obtaining a contract as they provide an incentive for existing customers to refer new customers to the Company and is referred to as commission. The amount paid under the RAF program (either through issuance of credits to customers or check payments) which exceeds the typical commission payment to a sales representative is recorded as a reduction to revenue under ASC 606. During the three and six months ended May 31, 2019, the Company recorded $7,826 and $14,469, respectively, in commission payments to customers under the RAF program as a reduction to revenue. As of December 1, 2018, the Company capitalized $329,231 in incremental contract acquisition costs related to contracts that were not completed, net of the cumulative amortization expense of $66,533 through the adoption date. The Company did not record any impairment losses in relation to costs capitalized. For the three and six months ended May 31, 2019, the Company capitalized additional contract acquisition costs of $20,954 and $23,534, respectively, net of amortization expense.
b) | Public banking revenue
The Company sells and provides units not likely to be of therapeutic use for research to qualified organizations and companies operating under Institutional Review Board approval. Control is transferred at the point in time when the shipment has occurred, at which time, the Company records revenue.
c) | Licensee and royalty income
Licensee and royalty income consist of royalty income earned on the processing and storage of cord blood stem cell specimens by an affiliate where the Company has a License and Royalty Agreement. The Company records revenue from processing and storage of specimens and pursuant to agreements with licensees. The Company records the royalty revenue in same period that the related processing and storage is being completed by the affiliate.
d) | Product Revenue
The Company records revenue from the sale of the PrepaCyte CB product line upon shipment of the product to the Company’s customers.
e) | Shipping and handling
The Company elected to apply the practical expedient to account for shipping and handling activities performed after the control of a good has been transferred to the customer as a fulfillment cost. Shipping and handling costs that the Company incurs are therefore expensed and included in cost of sales. The adoption of ASC 606 did not have an impact on the timing of revenue recognition for any of the Company’s revenue streams. Disaggregation of Revenue The following table provides information about disaggregated revenue by products and services:
|  | Three months ended |
|  | May 31, 2019 |  |  | May 31, 2018 |
Processing and storage fees |  | $ | 7,679,869 |  |  | $ | 6,295,455 |
Public banking revenue |  |  | 234,115 |  |  |  | — |
Licensee and royalty income |  |  | 201,828 |  |  |  | 203,159 |
Product revenue |  |  | 12,040 |  |  |  | 26,849 |
|  | $ | 8,127,852 |  |  | $ | 6,525,463 |
|  | Six months ended |
|  | May 31, 2019 |  |  | May 31, 2018 |
Processing and storage fees |  | $ | 15,014,896 |  |  | $ | 12,495,522 |
Public banking revenue |  |  | 368,480 |  |  |  | — |
Licensee and royalty income |  |  | 201,828 |  |  |  | 203,159 |
Product revenue |  |  | 37,760 |  |  |  | 54,900 |
|  | $ | 15,622,964 |  |  | $ | 12,753,581 |
The following table provides information about assets and liabilities from contracts with customers:
|  | May 31, 2019 |  |  | At Adoption |
Contract assets (sales commissions) |  | $ | 365,086 |  |  | $ | 329,231 |
Accounts receivables |  | $ | 5,758,673 |  |  | $ | 5,867,335 |
Short-term contract liabilities (deferred revenue) |  | $ | 8,516,593 |  |  | $ | 8,365,284 |
Long-term contract liabilities (deferred revenue) |  | $ | 21,984,017 |  |  | $ | 20,317,231 |
The Company, in general, requires the customer to pay for processing and storage services at the time of processing. Contract assets include deferred contract acquisition costs, which will be amortized along with the associated revenue. Contract liabilities include payments received in advance of performance under the contract and are realized with the associated revenue recognized under the contract. Accounts receivable consists of amounts due from clients that have enrolled and processed in the umbilical cord blood stem cell processing and storage programs related to renewals of annual plans and amounts due from license affiliates, and sublicensee territories. The Company did not have asset impairment charges related to contract assets in the three and six months ended May 31, 2019.
The following table presents changes in the Company’s contract assets and liabilities during the six months ended May 31, 2019:
|  | Balance at December 1, 2018 |  |  | Additions |  |  | Deductions |  |  | Balance at May 31, 2019 |
Contract assets (sales commissions) |  | $ | 329,231 |  |  | $ | 44,488 |  |  | $ | (8,633 | ) |  | $ | 365,086 |
Accounts receivables |  | $ | 5,867,335 |  |  | $ | 18,471,851 |  |  | $ | (18,580,513 | ) |  | $ | 5,758,673 |
Contract liabilities (deferred revenue) |  | $ | 28,682,515 |  |  | $ | 9,249,051 |  |  | $ | (7,430,956 | ) |  | $ | 30,500,610 |
Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable consist of uncollateralized amounts due from clients that have enrolled and processed in the umbilical cord blood stem cell processing and storage programs and amounts due from license affiliates, and sublicensee territories. Accounts receivable are due within 30 days and are stated at amounts net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. Accounts outstanding longer than the contractual payment terms are considered past due. The Company determines its allowance by considering the length of time accounts receivable are past due, the Company’s previous loss history, and the client’s current ability to pay its obligations. Therefore, if the financial condition of the Company’s clients were to deteriorate beyond the estimates, the Company may have to increase the allowance for doubtful accounts which could have a negative impact on earnings. The Company writes-off accounts receivable when they become uncollectible, and payments subsequently received on such receivables are credited to the allowance for doubtful accounts. Inventories As part of the Asset Purchase Agreement, (see Note 2), the Company has an agreement with Duke University (“Duke”) expiring on January 31, 2020 for Duke to receive, process, and store cord blood units for the Public Cord Blood Bank (“Duke Services”). As of May 31, 2019, the Company had 5,977 cord blood units in inventory. These units are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Costs include the cost of collecting, transporting, processing and storing the unit. Costs charged by Duke for their Duke Services are based on a monthly fixed fee for storing 12 blood units per month. The Company computes the cost per unit for these Duke Services and capitalizes the unit cost on all blood units shipped and stored in a year at Duke. If the Company ships and stores less than 144 blood units with Duke in a one-year period, a portion of these fixed costs are expensed and included in facility operating costs. Certain costs of collection incurred, such as the cost of collection staff and transportation costs incurred to ship Public Bank units from hospitals to the stem cell laboratory are allocated to banked units based on an average cost method. Costs incurred related to cord blood units that cannot be sold are expensed in the period incurred and are included in facility operating costs in the accompanying statements of operations. The Company records a reserve against inventory for units which have been processed and frozen but may not ultimately become distributable (see Note 4). Due to changes in sales trends and estimated recoverability of cost capitalized into inventory, an impairment charge of $2,332,763 was recognized during the three and six months ended May 31, 2019 to reduce inventory from cost to net realizable value and is included in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss). Income Taxes Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to be recovered or settled. The Company has recorded a valuation allowance of $1,634,000 and $1,634,000 as of May 31, 2019 and November 30, 2018, as the Company does not believe it is “more likely than not” that all future income tax benefits will be realized. When the Company changes its determination as to the amount of deferred income tax assets that can be realized, the valuation allowance is adjusted with a corresponding impact to income tax expense in the period in which such determination is made. The ultimate realization of the Company’s deferred income tax assets depends upon generating sufficient taxable income prior to the expiration of the tax attributes. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, the Company projects future levels of taxable income. This assessment requires significant judgment. The Company examines the evidence related to the recent history of losses, the economic conditions in which the Company operates and forecasts and projections to make that determination. The Company recorded U.S. income taxes of approximately $29,000 and $294,000, for the three months ended May 31, 2019 and May 31, 2018, respectively. The Company recorded U.S. income taxes of approximately $134,000 and $3,497,000 for the six months ended May 31, 2019 and May 31, 2018, respectively. Included in the $3,497,000 tax expense for the six months ended May 31, 2018 is approximately $2,985,000 of expense related to the reduction of the federal tax rate to 21% as of January 1, 2018 as a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act that was signed into law on December 22, 2017. The decrease in the federal tax rate caused a decrease in the Company’s deferred tax asset which resulted in an increase in the income tax expense. The Company records foreign income taxes withheld from installment payments of non-refundable up-front license fees and royalty income earned on the processing and storage of cord blood stem cell specimens in geographic areas where the Company has license agreements. The Company recognized approximately $22,000 and $22,000 for the three months ended May 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, of foreign income tax expense. The Company recognized approximately $22,000 and $22,000 for the six months ended May 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, of foreign income tax expense. Foreign income tax expense is included in income tax expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss). The Company recognizes the financial statement benefit of a tax position only after determining that the relevant tax authority would more likely than not sustain the position following an audit. For tax positions meeting the more-likely-than-not threshold, the amount recognized in the financial statements is the largest benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the relevant tax authority. Increases or decreases to the unrecognized tax benefits could result from management’s belief that a position can or cannot be sustained upon examination based on subsequent information or potential lapse of the applicable statute of limitation for certain tax positions. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. For the three and six months ended May 31, 2019 and May 31, 2018, the Company had no provisions for interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions. Long-Lived Assets The Company evaluates the realizability of its long-lived assets, which requires impairment losses to be recorded on long-lived assets used in operations when indicators of impairment, such as reductions in demand or when significant economic slowdowns are present. Reviews are performed to determine whether the carrying value of an asset is impaired, based on comparisons to undiscounted expected future cash flows. If this comparison indicates that there is impairment and carrying value is in excess of fair value, the impaired asset is written down to fair value, which is typically calculated using: (i) quoted market prices or (ii) discounted expected future cash flows utilizing a discount rate. The Company did not note any impairment for the three and six months ended May 31, 2019 and 2018. Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of the assets acquired from Cord:Use (Note 2) over the estimated fair value of the net tangible and identifiable assets acquired. The annual assessment of the reporting unit is performed as of September 1st, and an assessment is performed at other times if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the asset below its carrying value. Step one of the impairment assessment compares the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value and if the fair value exceeds its carrying value, goodwill is not impaired. If the carrying value exceeds the fair value, the implied fair value of goodwill is compared to the carrying value of goodwill. If the implied fair value exceeds the carrying value then goodwill is not impaired; otherwise, an impairment loss would be recorded by the amount the carrying value exceeds the implied fair value. As of May 31, 2019, and November 30, 2018, goodwill, is reflected on the consolidated balance sheets at $1,941,411 and $1,941,411. Stock Compensation As of May 31, 2019, the Company has two stock-based compensation plans, which are described in Note 8 to the unaudited consolidated financial statements. The Company’s stock-based employee compensation plan became effective December 1, 2011 as approved by the Board of Directors and approved by the stockholders at the 2012 Annual Meeting. The Company recognized approximately $87,000 and $156,000 for the three months ended May 31, 2019 and May 31, 2018, respectively, of stock compensation expense. The Company recognized approximately $226,000 and $268,000 for the six months ended May 31, 2019 and May 31, 2018 respectively, of stock compensation expense. The Company reversed $444,000 of stock compensation expense during the three months ended May 31, 2018 as the Co-CEOs each opted to receive a lump sum cash payment in lieu of 30,000 shares of earned common stock pursuant to the terms of their Employment Agreements. The reversal had no impact on the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) as other compensation expense was recognized to offset the reversal. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation based on the fair value of the related awards. Under the fair value recognition guidance of stock-based compensation accounting rules, stock-based compensation expense is estimated at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as expense over the requisite service period of the award. The fair value of service-based vesting condition and performance-based vesting condition stock option awards is determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model. For stock option awards with only service-based vesting conditions and graded vesting features, the Company recognizes stock compensation expense based on the graded-vesting method. To value awards with market-based vesting conditions the Company uses a binomial valuation model. The Company recognizes compensation cost for awards with market-based vesting conditions on a graded-vesting basis over the derived service period calculated by the binomial valuation model. The use of these valuation models involves assumptions that are judgmental and highly sensitive in the determination of compensation expense and include the expected life of the option, stock price volatility, risk-free interest rate, dividend yield, exercise price, and forfeiture rate. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of valuation and reduce expense ratably over the vesting period. The estimation of stock awards that will ultimately vest requires judgment and to the extent that actual results or updated estimates differ from current estimates, such amounts will be recorded as a cumulative adjustment in the period they become known. The Company considered many factors when estimating forfeitures, including the recipient groups and historical experience. Actual results and future changes in estimates may differ substantially from current estimates. The estimation of stock awards that will ultimately vest requires judgment and to the extent that actual results or updated estimates differ from current estimates, such amounts will be recorded as a cumulative adjustment in the period they become known. The Company considered many factors when estimating forfeitures, including the recipient groups and historical experience. Actual results and future changes in estimates may differ substantially from current estimates. The Company issues performance-based equity awards which vest upon the achievement of certain financial performance goals, including revenue and income targets. Determining the appropriate amount to expense based on the anticipated achievement of the stated goals requires judgment, including forecasting future financial results. The estimate of the timing of the expense recognition is revised periodically based on the probability of achieving the required performance targets and adjustments are made as appropriate. The cumulative impact of any revision is reflected in the period of the change. If the financial performance goals are not met, the award does not vest, so no compensation cost is recognized and any previously stock-recognized stock-based compensation expense is reversed. The Company issues equity awards with market-based vesting conditions which vest upon the achievement of certain stock price targets. If the awards are forfeited prior to the completion of the derived service period, any recognized compensation is reversed. If the awards are forfeited after the completion of the derived service period, the compensation cost is not reversed, even if the awards never vest. Fair Value of Financial Instruments Management uses a fair value hierarchy, which gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets. The fair value of financial instruments is estimated based on market trading information, where available. Absent published market values for an instrument or other assets, management uses observable market data to arrive at its estimates of fair value. Management believes that the carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The Company believes that the fair value of its Revenue Sharing Agreements (”RSA”) liability recorded on the balance sheet is between the recorded book value and up to the Company’s previous settlement experience, due to the various terms and conditions associated with each RSA. The Company uses an accounting standard that defines fair value as an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, the standard establishes a three-level fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows:
|  | Level 1 |  | Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
|  | Level 2 |  | Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.
|  | Level 3 |  | Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. This includes certain pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs.
The following table summarizes the financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of May 31, 2019 and November 30, 2018, respectively, segregated among the appropriate levels within the fair value hierarchy:
|  |  |  |  | Fair Value Measurements |
|  | Fair Value at |  |  | at May 31, 2019 Using |
Description |  | May 31, 2019 |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Marketable securities |  | $ | 839,809 |  |  | $ | 839,809 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 839,809 |  |  | $ | 839,809 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contingent consideration |  | $ | 3,612,048 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total |  | $ | 3,612,048 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contingent Consideration: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning Balance as of November 30, 2018 |  | $ | 4,282,975 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Subtractions – Cord:Use earnout |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair value adjustment as of May 31, 2019 |  |  | (670,927 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ending balance as of May 31, 2019 |  | $ | 3,612,048 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  | Fair Value Measurements |
|  | Fair Value at |  |  | at November 30, 2018 Using |
Description |  | November 30 , 2018 |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trading Securities |  | $ | 68,816 |  |  | $ | 68,816 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Available-for-sale |  |  | 806,873 |  |  |  | 806,873 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
|  | $ | 875,689 |  |  | $ | 875,689 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contingent consideration |  | $ | 4,282,975 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 4,282,975 |
Total |  | $ | 4,282,975 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 4,282,975 |
The following is a description of the valuation techniques used for these items, as well as the general classification of such items pursuant to the fair value hierarchy: Trading securities – Fair values for these investments are based on quoted prices in active markets and are therefore classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. For trading securities, there was $9,016 in unrealized holding gain and loss recorded in other income (loss) and expense on the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) for the three months ended May 31, 2018. For trading securities, there was ($25,208) in unrealized holding loss recorded in other income and expense on the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) for the six months ended May 31, 2018. Available-for-sale securities - These investments are classified as available for sale and consist of marketable equity securities that we intend to hold for an indefinite period of time. Investments are stated at fair value and unrealized holding gains and losses are reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income until realized. Realized gains or losses on disposition of investments are computed using the first in, first out (FIFO) method and reported as income or loss in the period of disposition in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss). For available-for-sale securities, there was $1,254 in unrealized holding gain, net of tax, reported as comprehensive income on the accompanying statements of comprehensive income (loss) for the three months ended May 31, 2018. For available-for-sale securities, there was $120,000 in unrealized holding gain, net of tax, respectively, reported as a component of comprehensive income on the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) for the six-month period ended May 31, 2018. Marketable securities - Effective December 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU 2016-01, which requires equity securities with readily determinable fair values to be measured at fair value with the changes in fair value recognized through net income. Such securities are no longer reflected as trading or available-for-sale but are noted as marketable securities. As a result of this accounting change, in the first quarter of 2019, the Company recognized a cumulative-effect adjustment from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings of approximately $341,000 in the consolidated statements of stockholders’ deficit as of the date of adoption. Prior periods have not been restated for the impact of this accounting change. There was $31,000 and ($36,000) in unrealized holding gain (losses), respectively, recorded in other income and expense on the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) for the three and six months ended May 31, 2019, respectively. Contingent consideration - The contingent consideration is the earnout that Cord:Use is entitled to from the Company’s sale of the public cord blood inventory from and after closing. See Note 2. The estimated fair value of the contingent earnout was determined using a Monte Carlo analysis examining the frequency and mean value of the resulting earnout payments. The resulting value captures the risk associated with the form of the payout structure. The risk-neutral method is applied, resulting in a value that captures the risk associated with the form of the payout structure and the projection risk. The carrying amount of the liability may fluctuate significantly and actual amounts paid may be materially different from the estimated value of the liability. Product Warranty and Cryo-Cell Cares TM Program In December 2005, the Company began providing its customers that enrolled after December 2005 a payment warranty under which the Company agrees to pay $50,000 to its client if the umbilical cord blood product retrieved is used for a stem cell transplant for the donor or an immediate family member and fails to engraft, subject to various restrictions. Effective February 1, 2012, the Company increased the $50,000 payment warranty to a $75,000 payment warranty to all of its new clients. Effective June 1, 2017, the Company increased the payment warranty to $100,000 to all new clients who choose the premium processing method, Prepacyte CB. Additionally, under the Cryo-Cell CaresTM program, the Company will pay $10,000 to the client to offset personal expenses if the umbilical cord blood product is used for bone marrow reconstitution in a myeloblative transplant procedure. The product warranty and the Cryo-Cell Cares program are available to clients who enroll under this structure for as long as the specimen is stored with the Company. The Company has not experienced any claims under the warranty program nor has it incurred costs related to these warranties. As discussed above, the Company has determined that the payment warranty represents variable consideration payable to the customer. Upon the adoption of ASC 606, the Company has concluded the payment warranty be fully constrained under the most likely amount method, therefore, the transaction price does not reflect any expectation of service level credits at May 31, 2019. At the end of each reporting period, the Company shall update the estimated transaction price related to the payment guarantee including updating its assessment of whether an estimate of variable consideration is constrained to represent faithfully the circumstances present at the end of the reporting period and the changes in circumstances during the reporting period. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements In August 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2018-15, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other Internal-Use Software (Topic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement that is a Service Contract. This update addresses how a customer should account for the costs of implementing a cloud computing service arrangement (also referred to as a “hosting arrangement”). Entities should account for costs associated with implementing a cloud computing arrangement that is considered a service contract in the same way as accounting for implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain software for internal use using the guidance in Topic 350-40. The amendments address when costs should be capitalized rather than expensed, the term to use when amortizing capitalized costs, and how to evaluate the unamortized portion of these capitalized implementation costs for impairment. The ASU also includes guidance on how to present implementation costs in the financial statements and creates additional disclosure requirements. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within that reporting period. The Company is currently evaluating the effect that the updated standard will have on our financial statements. In June 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2018-07, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting. This update simplifies the accounting for nonemployee share-based payment transactions by expanding the scope of Topic 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation, to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within that reporting period. The Company is currently evaluating the effect that the updated standard will have on our financial statements. In February 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2018-02 , Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income . This update relates to the impacts of the tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”). The guidance permits the reclassification of certain income tax effects of the Act from Other Comprehensive Income to Retained Earnings (stranded tax effects). The guidance also requires certain new disclosures. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within that reporting period. Early adoption is permitted. Entities may adopt the guidance using one of two transition methods; retrospective to each period (or periods) in which the income tax effects of the Act related to the items remaining in Other Comprehensive Income are recognized or at the beginning of the period of adoption. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the guidance may have on its Consolidated Financial Statements. In January 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2017-04, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment . The update removes Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. The new standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019, although early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect that the updated standard will have on our financial statements. In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). This update requires organizations that lease assets with lease terms of more than 12 months to recognize assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by those leases on their balance sheets. It also requires new qualitative and quantitative disclosures to help investors and other financial statement users better understand the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. The new standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect that the updated standard will have on its consolidated balance sheets and related disclosures.

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