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Stock Based Compensation | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2021
Disclosure Of Compensation Related Costs Sharebased Payments [Abstract] |
Stock Based Compensation | Note 13. Stock Based Compensation The following table presents a summary of activity related to stock options during the nine months ended September 30, 2021:
| Number of Options |  |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price |  |  | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years) |  |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding, January 1, 2021 |  | 3,815,585 |  |  | $ | 5.56 |  |  |  | 8.9 |  | $ | 342,551
Granted |  | 1,345,136 |  |  |  | 1.97 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 21,600
Exercised |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | —
Cancelled |  | (29,458 | ) |  |  | 5.22 |  |  |  |  |  |  | *
Outstanding, September 30, 2021 |  | 5,131,263 |  |  | $ | 4.62 |  |  |  | 8.2 |  | $ | 73,800
Exercisable, September 30, 2021 |  | 1,988,192 |  |  | $ | 7.67 |  |  |  | 7.6 |  | $ | 36,000
* de minimis The intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the fair market value at September 30, 2021 and the exercise price per share of the stock options. The options granted to employees generally vest over a four-year period. The following table presents a summary of activity related to restricted stock awards (“RSAs”) granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2021:
|  | Number of Shares |  |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value |  |
Nonvested, January 1, 2021 |  |  | 25,645 |  |  | $ | 10.07 |  |
Granted |  |  | 165,413 |  |  |  | 2.41 |  |
Vested |  |  | (149,894 | ) |  |  | 2.82 |  |
Cancelled |  |  | (5,687 | ) |  |  | 6.38 |  |
Nonvested, September 30, 2021 |  |  | 35,477 |  |  | $ | 2.82 |  |
In general, RSAs granted to employees vest over a four-year period. The following table presents a summary of activity related to restricted and deferred stock units (“Stock Units”) granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2021:
|  | Number of Shares |  |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value |
Nonvested, January 1, 2021 |  |  | 1,014,123 |  |  | $ | 1.50 |
Granted |  |  | 438,316 |  |  |  | 2.07 |
Vested |  |  | (329,198 | ) |  |  | 1.67 |
Cancelled |  |  | (5,354 | ) |  |  | 1.97 |
Nonvested, September 30, 2021 |  |  | 1,117,887 |  |  | $ | 1.67 |
In general, Stock Units granted to employees vest over two to four-year periods. Immediately following the Company’s annual meeting of stockholders, the Company generally grants each non-employee director an equity award that vests over a 12-month period. Upon a non-employee director’s initial appointment or election to the board of directors, the Company grants such non-employee director an equity award subject to vesting as determined by the board of directors. The Company recognized stock compensation expense for its equity awards as follows:
|  |  | Three months ended September 30, |  |  | Nine months ended September 30, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Selling, general and administrative |  | $ | 658,314 |  |  | $ | 541,757 |  |  | $ | 2,171,122 |  |  | $ | 1,789,122 |
Research and development |  |  | 87,222 |  |  |  | 179,664 |  |  |  | 314,710 |  |  |  | 649,485 |
Cost of goods sold |  |  | 14,901 |  |  |  | 21,507 |  |  |  | 54,761 |  |  |  | 51,944 |
Total expense |  | $ | 760,437 |  |  | $ | 742,928 |  |  | $ | 2,540,593 |  |  | $ | 2,490,551 |
Total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested awards as of September 30, 2021 was $5.1 million and is expected to be recognized over the next 2.2 years. Valuation Information for Stock-Based Compensation The fair value of each stock option award during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes model. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, expected volatility was based on historical common stock volatility of the Company’s peers. Expected volatility for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, was based on historical volatility of the Company’s common stock. The risk-free interest rate was based on the average U.S. Treasury rate that most closely resembled the expected life of the related award. The expected term of the award was calculated using the simplified method. No dividend was assumed as the Company does not pay regular dividends on its common stock and does not anticipate paying any dividends in the foreseeable future. The weighted average assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model in valuing stock options granted in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 are summarized in the table below.
| Nine months ended September 30, |
| 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Fair value at grant date | $ | 1.33 |  | $ | 0.98 |
Expected volatility | 80.2 | % |  | 142.1 | %
Risk-free interest rate | 0.7 | % |  | 0.7 | %
Expected holding period, in years | 6.0 |  |  | 6.1 |
Dividend yield |  | — | % |  | — | %

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