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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2013
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | NOTE B — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES 1. Cash and Cash Equivalents Milestone considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. 2. Accounts Receivable The realization of Accounts Receivable current and long-term will have a significant impact on Milestone. Consequently, Milestone estimates losses resulting from the inability of its customers to make payments for amounts billed. The collectability of outstanding amounts is continually assessed (historical trend and credit worthiness of the customers). 3. Product Return and Warranty Milestone does not accept non-defective returns from its customers. Product returns under warranty are accepted, evaluated and repaired or replaced in accordance with the Warranty Policy. Returns not within the Warranty Policy are all evaluated and the customer is charged for the repair. Warranty expense was $97,234 and $87,544 for 2013 and 2012, respectively. Non-Warranty repairs are collected from the customers. Non-Warranty repair income was $118,344 and $107,868 for 2013 and 2012, respectively. 4. Inventories Inventories principally consist of finished goods and component parts stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out method) or market. Inventory quantities on hand are reviewed on a quarterly basis and a provision for excess and obsolete inventory is recorded if required based on past and expected future sales. 5. Investment in Joint Ventures Milestone has entered into a Joint Venture with a third party for the development and commercialization of two medical instruments. At inception, Milestone owned fifty percent of the joint venture and has recorded its investment on the equity basis of accounting. Milestone’s proportionate share of losses incurred by the Joint Venture is charged to the Statement of Operations and adjusted against the Investment in Joint Venture. In the fourth quarter of 2013, the Medical Joint Venture issued 2 million shares of its common stock in a private placement transaction. As a result of the shares being issued, Milestone’s ownership in the Joint Venture was reduced to 45.5%. Milestone recorded a $1,363,650 Gain on the Dilutive Effect of these additional shares issued by Milestone Medical Inc. 6. Furniture, Fixture and Equipment Equipment is recorded at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation expense is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which range from five to seven years. The costs of maintenance and repairs are charged to operations as incurred. 7. Investments Investments in less than twenty percent owned entities are accounted for under the cost basis and are reviewed for impairment periodically. Milestone does not have any significant control over the operations of its investment in a German Distributor. In the fourth quarter of 2012, Milestone wrote off its total investment of $76,319 based on low performance and continued losses with that distributor. This expense is included within the selling, general and administrative expenses on the statement of operation for the year ended December 31, 2012. 8. Patents Patents are recorded at actual cost to prepare and file the applicable documents with the United States Patent Office, or internationally with the applicable governmental office in the respective country. Although certain patents have not yet been approved, the costs related to these patents are being amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the patent. If the applicable patent application is ultimately rejected, the remaining unamortized balance will be expensed in the period in which Milestone receives a notice of such rejection. Patent applications filed and patents obtained in foreign countries are subject to the laws and procedures that differ from those in the United States. Patent protection in foreign countries may be different from patent protection under United States laws and may not be favorable to Milestone. Milestone also attempts to protect the proprietary information through the use of confidentiality agreements and by limiting access to the facilities. There can be no assurance that the program of patents, confidentiality agreements and restricted access to the facilities will be sufficient to protect the proprietary technology. 9. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets Milestone reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable. The carrying value of the assets is evaluated in relation to the operating performance and future undiscounted cash flows of the underlying assets. Milestone adjusts the net book value of an underlying asset if its fair value is determined to be less than its net book value. Milestone has reviewed long-lived assets for impairment and concluded no impairment exist as of December 31, 2013 and, 2012. 10. Revenue Recognition Revenue from product sales is recognized net of discounts and allowances to the domestic distributor on the date of shipment of the goods, for essentially all shipments, since the terms are FOB warehouse. Milestone recognizes revenue on date of arrival where shipments are FOB destination. Shipments to the international distributors are FOB warehouse and revenue is therefore recognized on shipment. In both cases, the price to the buyer is fixed and the collectability is reasonably assured. Further, Milestone has no obligation on these sales for any post sale installation, set-up or maintenance, these being the responsibility of the buyer. Customer acceptance is considered made at delivery. The only obligation after sale is the normal commercial warranty against manufacturing defects if the alleged defective unit is returned within the warranty period. 11. Shipping and Handling Costs Milestone includes shipping and handling costs in cost of goods sold. These costs are billed to customers at the time of shipment for domestic shipments. International shipments are FOB warehouse, therefore no costs are incurred by Milestone. 12. Research and Development Research and development costs, which consist principally of new product development costs incurred to third parties, are expensed as incurred. 13. Advertising Expenses Milestone expenses advertising costs as they are incurred. For the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, Milestone recorded advertising expenses of $30,104 and $51,412, respectively. 14. Income Taxes Milestone accounts for income taxes pursuant to the asset and liability method which requires deferred income tax assets and liabilities to be computed for temporary differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future based on enacted tax laws and rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. The income tax provision or credit is the tax payable or refundable for the period plus or minus the change during the period in deferred tax assets and liabilities. 15. Basic and diluted net loss per common share Milestone presents “basic” earnings (loss) per common share applicable to common stockholders and, if applicable, “diluted” earnings (loss) per common share applicable to common stockholders pursuant to the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ASC Topic 260. Basic earnings (loss) per common share is calculated by dividing net income or loss applicable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding and to be issued during each period. The calculation of diluted earnings per common share is similar to that of basic earnings per common share, except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if all potentially dilutive common shares, such as those issuable upon the exercise of stock options, warrants, and the conversion of debt were issued during the period. Since Milestone had net losses for 2012, the assumed effects of the exercise of outstanding stock options and warrants were not included in the calculation as their effect would have been anti-dilutive. Such outstanding options and warrants totaled 1,523,740 at December 31, 2012. 16. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions in determining the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The most significant estimates relate to the allowance for doubtful accounts, inventory valuation, and cash flow assumptions regarding evaluations for impairment of long-lived assets and valuation allowances on deferred tax assets. Actual results could differ from those estimates. 17. Fair Value of Financial Instruments Fair Value Measurements: We follow the provisions of ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures related to financial assets and liabilities that are being measured and reported on a fair value basis. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants in the principal market at the measurement date (exit price). We are required to classify fair value measurements in one of the following categories: Level 1 inputs which are defined as quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date. Level 2 inputs which are defined as inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the assets or liabilities, either directly or indirectly. Level 3 inputs are defined as unobservable inputs for the assets or liabilities. Financial assets and liabilities are classified based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment, and may effect the valuation of the fair value of assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy levels. 18. Stock-Based Compensation Milestone accounts for stock-based compensation under ASC Topic 718, Share-Based Payment. ASC Topic 718 requires all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized in the statements of operations over the service period, as an operating expense, based on the grant-date fair values. The weighted-average fair value of the options granted during 2013 and 2012 was estimated as $1.62 and $0.95, respectively, on the date of grant. The fair value for 2013 and 2012 was determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions:
|  | December 31, |
|  | 2013 |  |  | 2012 |
Volatility |  |  | 168 | % |  |  | 172 | %
Risk-free interest rate |  |  | 1.37 | % |  |  | 0.79 | %
Expected life |  |  | 5 years |  |  |  | 5 years |
Dividend yield |  |  | 0 | % |  |  | 0 | %
Forfeiture Rate |  |  | 6 | % |  |  | 6 | %
Issuances of common stock, stock options or other equity instruments to non-employees as consideration for goods or services received by Milestone are accounted for based on the fair value of the equity instruments issued (unless the fair value of the consideration received can be more reliably measured). The fair value of any options or similar equity instruments issued is estimated based on the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, and the assumption that all of the options or other equity instruments will ultimately vest. Such fair value is measured as of an appropriate date pursuant to the guidance in the consensus of the party becomes committed to provide goods or services or the date performance by the other party is complete and capitalized or expensed as if Milestone had paid cash for the goods or services. Expected volatilities are based on historical volatility of Milestone’s common stock over a period commensurate with expected term. Milestone uses historical data to estimate option exercise and employee termination within the valuation model. Milestone has granted performance based options to the chief executive officer. Such performance based options are earned based on specific criteria established by Milestone. Milestone records these options based on the likelihood of the officer achieving the specified performance objective and accrues these costs over the performance period. The estimates inherent in making this assessment are reviewed periodically by management and the resulting changes are booked through the statement of operations. 19. Concentration of Credit Risk Milestone’s financial instruments that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and trade accounts receivable, and advances to contract manufacturer. Milestone places its cash and cash equivalents with large financial institutions. At times, such investments may be in excess of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance limit. Milestone has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risks. Financial instruments which potentially subject Milestone to credit risk consist principally of trade accounts receivable, as Milestone does not require collateral or other security to support customer receivables, and advances to contract manufacturer. Milestone entered into a purchase agreement with a vendor to supply Milestone with 12,000 STA Instrument (6,611 instruments are remaining on the purchase order as of December 31, 2013). As part of these agreements, Milestone has advanced approximately $2,308,000 and $2,827,000 to the vendor for purchase of materials at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The advance will be credited to Milestone as the goods are delivered. Milestone does not believe that significant credit risk exists with respect to this advance to the contract manufacturer at December 31, 2013 and 2012. Milestone closely monitors the extension of credit to its customers while maintaining allowances, if necessary, for potential credit losses. On a periodic basis, Milestone evaluates its accounts receivable and establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts, based on a history of past write-offs and collections and current credit conditions. Management has provided a reserve that it believes is sufficient to record accounts receivable at net realizable value as of December 31, 2013 and 2012. A shareholder of Milestone, who owns or controls in excess of five percent of Milestone’s common stock, is also a shareholder of a major supplier of handpieces to Milestone. In addition, he is an investor in the PRC entity, Beijing 3H, which entered into a joint venture agreement with Milestone. Milestone purchased $3,026,041 and $1,966,077 from the supplier for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Milestone owed $1,024,653 and $808,908 to this supplier as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. 20. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In July 2012, the FASB issued ASU 2012-02, “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Testing Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets for Impairment” in Accounting Standards Update No. 2012-02. This update amends ASU 2011-08, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Testing Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets for Impairment and permits an entity first to assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that an indefinite-lived intangible asset is impaired as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform the quantitative impairment test in accordance with Subtopic 350-30, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - General Intangibles Other than Goodwill. The amendments are effective for annual and interim impairment tests performed for fiscal years beginning after September 15, 2012. Early adoption is permitted, including for annual and interim impairment tests performed as of a date before July 27, 2012, if a public entity’s financial statements for the most recent annual or interim period have not yet been issued or, for nonpublic entities, have not yet been made available for issuance. The adoption of ASU 2012-02 did not have a material impact on Milestone’s financial position or results of operations. In February 2013, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2013-02, Comprehensive Income: Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income ("ASU 2013-02"). ASU 2013-02 requires an entity to present the effect of certain significant reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income on the respective line items in net income. The amendments in the ASU do not change the items that must be reported in other comprehensive income or when an item of other comprehensive income must be reclassified to net income. ASU 2013-02 is effective for public companies on a prospective basis for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2012. As an emerging growth company as defined by the JOBS Act, the Company has delayed adoption of this pronouncement. However, the Company has not incurred any components of comprehensive income for the periods presented and the ASU requires only additional presentation, as such, there will be no impact to the Company's results of operations or financial position upon adoption. In September 2013 the United States Treasury Department and the IRS issued final and proposed regulations (the “Tangible Property Regulations”) effective for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2014, that provided guidance on a number of matters with regard to tangible property, including whether expenditures qualified as deductible repairs, the treatment of materials and supplies, capitalization of tangible property, dispositions of property and related elections. The Company has evaluated the regulations and has determined that they do not have a material impact on the Company’s financial reporting.

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