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Income Taxes | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Income Taxes | 12. Income Taxes Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets (liabilities) as of December 31, 2022, and 2021 are as follows (in thousands):
Schedule of deferred tax assets and liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | December 31 |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Net operating loss carryforwards |  | $ | 15,994 |  |  | $ | 22,497 |
Net operating loss carryforwards of foreign subsidiaries |  |  | 56 |  |  |  | 56 |
Depreciation expense |  |  | (73 | ) |  |  | (94 | )
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  | 349 |  |  |  | 52 |
Other |  |  | 830 |  |  |  | 544 |
Net deferred tax assets |  |  | 17,156 |  |  |  | 23,055 |
Valuation allowance for net deferred tax assets |  |  | (17,156 | ) |  |  | (23,055 | )
Net deferred tax assets, net of allowance |  | $ | – |  |  | $ | – |
Deferred tax assets are required to be reduced by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some portion or all the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Realization of the future benefits related to the deferred tax assets is dependent on many factors, including the Company’s ability to generate taxable income within the near to medium term. Management has considered these factors in determining the valuation allowance for 2022 and 2021. The differences between the provision for income taxes and income taxes computed using the federal statutory rate for the years ended December 31, 2022, and 2021 are as follows (in thousands):
Schedule of effective income tax rate reconciliation |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Reconciliation of income tax benefit to statutory rate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income benefit at statutory rate |  | $ | (3,409 | ) |  | $ | (3,948 | )
State income taxes (benefit), net of federal income tax benefit |  |  | (107 | ) |  |  | (331 | )
Permanent differences |  |  | 89 |  |  |  | (206 | )
Change in valuation allowance |  |  | (5,899 | ) |  |  | 2,458 |
Expiring federal net operating losses |  |  | 9,745 |  |  |  | – |
Other |  |  | (419 | ) |  |  | 2,027 |
Income tax provision |  | $ | – |  |  | $ | – |
On December 31, 2022, the Company had federal net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $76.1 million for income tax purposes that begin to expire in 2022 and are subject to the ownership change limitations under Internal Revenue Code Section 382.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 21 -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32857-109319 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.C) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=122134291&loc=d3e330215-122817 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 17 -Subparagraph (b) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32809-109319 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 6.I.5.Q1) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=122134291&loc=d3e330036-122817 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 14 -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32705-109319 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 270 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6424409&loc=d3e44925-109338 Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2144680 Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 30 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (a) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6424122&loc=d3e41874-109331 Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(2)) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120395691&loc=d3e23780-122690 + Details
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