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Table of Contents

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For The Fiscal Year Ended September 27, 2020

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission File Number 1-6227

LEE ENTERPRISES, INCORPORATED

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its Charter)

Delaware | 42-0823980
(State of incorporation) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

4600 E 53rd Street, Davenport, Iowa 52807

(Address of principal executive offices)

(563) 383-2100

Registrant's telephone number, including area code

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each Class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of Each Exchange On Which Registered
Common Stock - $0.01 par value | LEE | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this Chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☒ Smaller Reporting Company ☒ Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the Registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of March 31, 2020, the aggregate market value of the Registrant's common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was $52,359,374 based on the closing sale price as reported on the New York Stock Exchange. As of November 30, 2020, 58,353,084 shares of Common Stock $0.01 par value were outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the Lee Enterprises, Incorporated Definitive Proxy Statement to be filed in January 2021 are incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K. Except as expressly incorporated by reference, the Registrant's Definitive Proxy Statement shall not be deemed to be a part of this report.

TABLE OF CONTENTS | PAGE
Part I |
| Item 1 | Business | 1
| Item 1A | Risk Factors | 9
| Item 1B | Unresolved Staff Comments | 14
| Item 2 | Properties | 14
| Item 3 | Legal Proceedings | 14
| Item 4 | Mine Safety Disclosures | 14
Part II |
| Item 5 | Market for the Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities | 14
| Item 6 | Selected Financial Data | 16
| Item 7 | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 17
| Item 7A | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 25
| Item 8 | Financial Statements and Supplementary Data | 25
| Item 9 | Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure | 25
| Item 9A | Controls and Procedures | 26
| Item 9B | Other Information | 28
Part III |
| Item 10 | Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance | 28
| Item 11 | Executive Compensation | 28
| Item 12 | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters | 28
| Item 13 | Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence | 28
| Item 14 | Principal Accounting Fees and Services | 28
Part IV |
| Item 15 | Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules | 29
Consolidated Financial Statements | 30
Signatures | 64
Exhibit Index | 62

References to “we”, “our”, “us” and the like throughout this document refer to Lee Enterprises, Incorporated and subsidiaries (the "Company"). References to "2020", "2019", "2018" and the like refer to the fiscal years ended the last Sunday in September.

PART I

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

Lee Enterprises, Incorporated ("Company", "we" or "our") is a trusted local news provider and an innovative, digitally focused marketing solutions company operating in 77 mid-sized markets across 26 states.

On March 16, 2020, we completed the acquisition of BH Media Group, Inc. (BH Media) and The Buffalo News, Inc. (Buffalo News), adding 31 local media operations and nearly doubling our audience size and total operating revenue.

Our products include high quality, trusted local daily, weekly and monthly newspapers and niche publications. All of our products offer print and digital editions, and our content and advertising is available in real time through our websites and mobile apps. Our local media operations range from large daily newspapers and the associated digital products, such as the St. Louis Post-Dispatch and The Buffalo News, to non-daily newspapers with news websites and digital platforms serving smaller communities.

Our services include a full service digital marketing agency in Amplified Digital Agency ("Amplified") as well as one of the largest web-hosting and content management services providers in North America through our majority-owned subsidiary, TownNews.

As the leading provider of local news, information and a major source of advertising in our markets we aim to grow our business through three main categories: subscriptions to our print and digital editions, advertising and marketing services to local retail accounts, and digital services to a diverse set of customers.

| • | We are committed to a business strategy that drives audience growth and engagement by delivering valuable, intensely local, original news and information to consumers.

| • | Local, controllable retail accounts - those in which our local sales teams have direct contact with the advertising decision makers - are the core of our business. 47% of our advertising revenue is from local retail accounts, and trends in this category have historically been better than our total advertising trends.

| • | TownNews represents a powerful opportunity for us to drive additional digital revenue by providing state-of-the-art web hosting and content management services. More than 2,000 customers rely on TownNews for their web, over-the-top display ("OTT"), mobile, video and social media products. Revenue at TownNews on a stand-alone basis grew at compound annual growth rate ("CAGR") of 10.8% over the last nine years.

Our local media operations generate revenue primarily through print and digital advertising and marketing services, subscriptions to our publications and digital services, primarily through TownNews. Our operations also provide commercial printing and distribution of third party publications.

Advertising and Marketing Services - In 2020, advertising and marketing services of $289.7 million comprised 47% of total operating revenue, down from 52% in the prior year.

Local retail advertising is revenue earned from top local accounts and small to medium businesses (SMBs) in our markets and takes the form of display advertising in daily and non-daily publications, preprinted advertising inserted in the publication, and display advertising delivered on our owned and operated websites.

Classified advertising includes major categories of employment, real estate, automotive, obituaries and legal notices. Advertising for classifieds is published in both the print and digital editions of our products and is also posted on our websites and mobile applications.

National advertising is revenue earned from the sale of print or digital display advertising space, or from preprinted advertising inserted in the publication, from national accounts that do not have a local retailer representing the account in the market.

Niche publications are specialty publications, such as lifestyle, business, health or home improvement publications that contain advertising.

Marketing services represents a complete suite of services including web development, social media management, PPC, targeting and videos, events, contests and digital promotions offered in our local markets through Amplified.

Our sales force uses a multi-platform sales approach that maximizes audience reach for our advertisers by tailoring advertising and marketing services packages based on the size and scale of the advertiser. Through Amplified we create sophisticated digital campaigns on our owned and operated sites and on third party inventory that give advertisers the ability to target their message. We partner with Google to provide key metrics and analytics to measure campaign effectiveness.

Our advertising revenues are subject to seasonality due primarily to fluctuations in advertising spend. Advertising revenue is typically highest in our first quarter due to holiday and seasonal advertising and lowest in the second quarter following the holiday season. The volume of advertising sales in any period is also impacted by other external factors such as competitors' pricing, advertisers' decisions to increase or decrease their advertising expenditures in response to anticipated consumer demand, and general economic conditions.

1

Subscription Revenue - In 2020, subscription revenue of $265.9 million comprised 43% of our total operating revenue, up from 37% in the prior year. Subscription revenue is earned primarily from our full access subscription model, whereby subscribers receive complete access to our content in all platforms, including print and digital, and from digital-only subscriptions. We also generate revenue from the sale of single copy editions.

We reach 72.5% of all adults in our larger markets through a combination of our print and digital content offerings.

| • | Our printed newspapers, including acquisitions, reach almost 1.2 million households daily and more than 1.5 million on Sunday, and more than 265,000 users access our digital e-edition.

| • | Our web and mobile sites are the number one digital source of local news in most of our markets, reaching more than 43 million unique visitors, at year end, with 286 million page views.

| • | As of September 27, 2020, we have 244,000 digital-only subscribers, a 63.1% increase over 2019.

Digital Services Revenue – In 2020, digital services revenue of $20,432,000 comprised 3.3% of our total operating revenue, down from 4% in the prior year. Almost all of our digital services revenue is from TownNews. TownNews, operated through our 82.5% owned subsidiary INN Partners, L.C., is a leading provider of integrated digital publishing and content management solutions, and offers a state-of-the-art platform for creating, distributing and monetizing multimedia content.

| • | TownNews is the engine that powers our digital products. In addition to us, TownNews services nearly 2,000 daily customers, including legacy media publications, universities, television stations and niche publications.

| • | Including revenue generated from our markets, total revenue at TownNews grew almost 10.7% in 2020 and totaled $25.0 million.

| • | With strong product offerings, investments in video and streaming technology and a diversifying customer base into broadcast, TownNews is positioned to continue to be a key component to our growth strategy.

Other Revenue - Other revenue, excluding digital services revenue, is comprised mainly of commercial printing and delivery of third party products and until March 16, 2020 revenue from our Management Agreement with BH Media. In 2020, other revenue excluding digital service of $20,432,000, comprised 6.8% of our total operating revenue, down from 11.2% in the prior year.

Our operating costs are primarily compensation, newsprint, delivery and digital costs. Over the past several years we have adjusted our business model to create operational efficiencies and significantly reduce our cost structure.

Several of our businesses operate in geographic groups of publications, or “clusters,” which provide operational efficiencies, extend sales penetration and provide broader audiences for advertisers. A table under the caption “Daily Newspapers and Markets” in Item 1, included herein, identifies those groups of our newspapers operating in clusters.

Our local media operations compete with other media and digital companies for advertising and marketing spend as well as other news and information outlets for subscription spend. While very few of our local media operations have similar daily print competitors that are published in the same city, our local media operations compete with the following types of businesses:

| • | Other media including magazines, radio, television, outdoor/billboard advertising, other classified and specialty publications, other print publications both free and paid, direct mail, directories, and national, regional and local advertising websites and content providers.

The number of competitors in any given market varies, however all of the forms of competition noted above exist to some degree in all of our markets.

Lee Enterprises, Incorporated was founded in 1890, incorporated in 1950, and listed on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") in 1978.

We are in compliance with our debt covenants as of September 27, 2020. The information included herein should be evaluated in that context. See Item 1A, “Risk Factors”, and Notes 5 and 6 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included herein, for additional information.

STRATEGIC INITIATIVES

We are a trusted, local, news provider and an innovative, digitally focused marketing solutions company. Our focus is on the local market - including local news and information, local advertising and marketing services to top local accounts and SMBs, and digital services to local content curators. To align with the core strength of our company, our post-pandemic operating strategy is locally focused around three pillars.

To align with customer expectations, we will transform the way we present local news and information and provide perspective, both in digital and print. We seek to maintain our position as the leading provider of news and information by providing best-in-class digital experiences to improve consumer engagement and grow our audiences. We aim to achieve this by delivering relevant, useful, and engaging content to the consumer using a multi-media approach with a heavy emphases on video and audio.

Multimedia consumption across the United State is growing. According to eMarketer, the number of podcast listeners is expected to increase by 21% over the next two years, and the time adults spend consuming digital media is expected to grow and remain over two hours a day the next two years. We look to create new content and video channels by growing our multimedia capabilities leveraging the high quality, trusted, engaging content we produce locally in order to tap into these growing market segments.

We believe that our proprietary local content displayed in best-in-class multimedia platforms combined with new and engaging content and video channels will grow our audiences and our audience monetization capabilities.

2

We will transform our print-centric audience model to a robust digital subscription model. We reach 72.5% of all adults in our larger markets through a combination of our print and digital product offerings, and all categories consume both our print and digital content. Subscribers to our printed editions have been declining while our digital audiences have been growing at an accelerated pace. In 2020, we reached 43 million unique visitors across all of our digital platforms, with 286 million page views, an increase of 16.7 million and 6.2%, respectively. Our digital audiences are comprised of full access subscribers, digital-only subscribers and non-subscribers who access our sites subject to our paywalls. More than 60% of our full access subscribers have activated their digital access and digital-only subscribers increased 63.1% in 2020, reaching 244,000 digital-only subscribers.

According to the Alliance for Audited Media, from 2021 - 2025 digital-only subscription models are expected to grow 35.5% on a compound annual growth rate. Our acquisition and retention tactics are focused on growing our digital subscription base.

In 2021, we expect to use data and analytics combined with metering technology to drive our acquisition and retention tactics. This allows us to maximize meter stop rates and paid subscription conversion rates in order to driver consumers down the conversion funnel. Our primary acquisition tactics include sophisticated data-mining techniques leveraging both online and offline consumer behaviors to target full access and digital-only subscription offers. These targeted offers are presented to consumers via integrated marketing campaigns including email, on-site messaging, direct mail, social media and other sales channels designed to maximize exposure and increase response rate.

Using these techniques, we expect digital-only subscribers to continue to grow substantially, reaching more than 500,000 digital-only subscribers by 2025.

We will diversify and transform the services and products we offer advertisers, especially for top local accounts and SMB's. Local, controllable retail accounts - those in which our local sales team have direct contact with the advertising decision makers - are the core of our business. This revenue category represents 47% of advertising and marketing services revenue and is comprised of top local accounts and SMBs. Our historical financial results for this revenue category are better than our overall results. We believe we can improve financial performance in this revenue category as we have unmatched audience reach in our local markets through our print and digital product offerings.

| • | Our local sales forces are larger than any local competitor, and we believe they are the most highly trained and proficient sales force in our markets.

| • | We have strong relationships with businesses in our markets and offer a wide array of products to deliver our advertisers' message.

| • | Our sales executives pitch the power of our audiences directly to local decision makers.

We have a world-class sales force, managed and supported centrally to ensure the highest digital talent is recruited, developed and retained to meet our clients' needs. Amplified is the backbone of our sales force and supports our local operators by providing lead generation developing highly sophisticated proposals and provides all of the essential digital marketing services including web development, social media management, email marketing, fulfillment and search that most sophisticated advertisers are looking for. Amplified also provides our advertisers with the best data and metrics in order for them to maximize their advertising ROI. Amplified is a powerful organization that will help us improve our advertising revenue trends in 2021 and beyond.

TownNews represents a powerful opportunity for us to drive additional digital revenue. In 2020, revenue at TownNews totaled more than $25,000,000 and since 2011 the compounded annual growth rate of TownNews revenue has been 10.8%. Through continuous investment in product development and gaining essential technology, like world-class video and streaming technology, TownNews is the leading CMS provider in the publishing CMS segment and is growing its market share in the broadcast CMS segment. In 2021, we believe we can grow revenue at TownNews through modest market share gains in our core markets and also through improving the product mix increasing our average revenue per customer. Additionally in 2021, we will explore market segments adjacent to our core in order to diversify our customer base and accelerate both revenue and profitability growth.

3

DAILY NEWSPAPERS AND MARKETS

The Company, TNI and MNI publish the following daily newspapers and maintain the following primary digital sites:

|  |  |  | Average Units (1) |  | 2020 Monthly Average ('000s) (6) |
Newspaper | Primary Website | Location |  | Daily (2) |  |  | Sunday |  |  |  | Unique Visitors |  |  | Page Views |
St. Louis Post-Dispatch | stltoday.com | St. Louis, MO |  |  | 93,341 |  |  |  | 340,613 |  |  |  |  | 5,964 |  |  |  | 54,563 |
Buffalo News | buffalonews.com | Buffalo, NY |  |  | 184,862 |  |  |  | 221,944 |  |  |  |  | 2,210 |  |  |  | 10,154 |
Arizona Daily Star (4) | azstarnet.com | Tucson, AZ |  |  | 45,834 |  |  |  | 87,926 |  |  |  |  | 1,977 |  |  |  | 18,593 |
Omaha World Herald | omaha.com | Omaha, NE |  |  | 77,025 |  |  |  | 87,641 |  |  |  |  | 2,824 |  |  |  | 25,283 |
Richmond Times-Dispatch | richmond.com | Richmond, VA |  |  | 64,934 |  |  |  | 73,942 |  |  |  |  | 2,968 |  |  |  | 18,510 |
Capital Newspapers (3) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Wisconsin State Journal | madison.com | Madison, WI |  |  | 52,148 |  |  |  | 59,467 |  |  |  |  | 2,668 |  |  |  | 17,370 |
Daily Citizen | wiscnews.com/bdc | Beaver Dam, WI |  |  | 3,749 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 154 |  |  |  | 803 |
Portage Daily Register | wiscnews.com/pdr | Portage, WI |  |  | 2,064 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 54 |  |  |  | 280 |
Baraboo News Republic | wiscnews.com/bnr | Baraboo, WI |  |  | 2,983 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 48 |  |  |  | 252 |
The Times | nwitimes.com | Munster, Valparaiso, and Crown Point, IN |  |  | 40,230 |  |  |  | 52,777 |  |  |  |  | 2,114 |  |  |  | 28,612 |
Tulsa World | tulsaworld.com | Tulsa, OK |  |  | 37,820 |  |  |  | 45,123 |  |  |  |  | 2,668 |  |  |  | 19,214 |
Quad Cities Group |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Quad-City Times | qctimes.com | Davenport, IA |  |  | 17,447 |  |  |  | 27,415 |  |  |  |  | 870 |  |  |  | 7,242 |
Dispatch-Argus | qconline.com | Moline, IL |  |  | 52,500 |  |  |  | 16,945 |  |  |  |  | 440 |  |  |  | 4,005 |
Muscatine Journal | muscatinejournal.com | Muscatine, IA |  |  | 1,998 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 93 |  |  |  | 691 |
Lincoln Group |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Lincoln Journal Star | journalstar.com | Lincoln, NE |  |  | 37,807 |  |  |  | 42,419 |  |  |  |  | 2,229 |  |  |  | 19,708 |
Columbus Telegram (5) | columbustelegram.com | Columbus, NE |  |  | 3,772 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 97 |  |  |  | 657 |
Fremont Tribune (5) | fremonttribune.com | Fremont, NE |  |  | 2,998 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 91 |  |  |  | 547 |
Beatrice Daily Sun (5) | beatricedailysun.com | Beatrice, NE |  |  | 2,360 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 50 |  |  |  | 309 |
Central Illinois Newspaper Group |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
The Pantagraph | pantagraph.com | Bloomington, IL |  |  | 17,365 |  |  |  | 19,962 |  |  |  |  | 510 |  |  |  | 10,169 |
Herald & Review | herald-review.com | Decatur, IL |  |  | 11,440 |  |  |  | 16,493 |  |  |  |  | 635 |  |  |  | 5,778 |
Journal Gazette & Times-Courier | jg-tc.com | Mattoon/Charleston, IL |  |  | 5,719 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 215 |  |  |  | 1,895 |
Roanoke Times | roanoke.com | Roanoke, VA |  |  | 29,484 |  |  |  | 31,638 |  |  |  |  | 1,219 |  |  |  | 7,670 |
Racine/Kenosha Group |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Kenosha News | kenoshanews.com | Kenosha, WI |  |  | 13,816 |  |  |  | 15,567 |  |  |  |  | 742 |  |  |  | 3,975 |
The Journal Times | journaltimes.com | Racine, WI |  |  | 13,713 |  |  |  | 14,926 |  |  |  |  | 689 |  |  |  | 7,779 |
Winston Salem Journal | journalnow.com | Winston-Salem, NC |  |  | 25,994 |  |  |  | 29,305 |  |  |  |  | 623 |  |  |  | 4,182 |
The Press of Atlantic City | pressofatlanticcity.com | Atlantic City, NJ |  |  | 24,253 |  |  |  | 27,979 |  |  |  |  | 1,412 |  |  |  | 12,192 |
Greensboro News-Record | greensboro.com | Greensboro, NC |  |  | 22,802 |  |  |  | 27,857 |  |  |  |  | 1,129 |  |  |  | 5,918 |
NC Community Group |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Statesville Record & Landmark | statesville.com | Statesville, NC |  |  | 5,016 |  |  |  | 12,040 |  |  |  |  | 338 |  |  |  | 2,468 |
Hickory Daily Record | hickoryrecord.com | Hickory, NC |  |  | 7,669 |  |  |  | 8,981 |  |  |  |  | 517 |  |  |  | 3,773 |
The News Herald | morganton.com | Morganton, NC |  |  | 4,084 |  |  |  | 4,387 |  |  |  |  | 276 |  |  |  | 2,009 |
The McDowell News | mcdowellnews.com | Marion, NC |  |  | 2,288 |  |  |  | 2,436 |  |  |  |  | 154 |  |  |  | 1,126 |

4

|  |  |  | Average Units (1) |  |  | 2020 Monthly Average ('000s) (6) |
Newspaper | Primary Website | Location |  | Daily (2) |  |  | Sunday |  |  | Unique Visitors |  |  | Page Views |
Lynchburg Group |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Lynchburg News & Advance | newsadvance.com | Lynchburg, VA |  |  | 11,766 |  |  |  | 13,723 |  |  |  | 530 |  |  |  | 3,683 |
Danville Register & Bee | godanriver.com | Danville, VA |  |  | 5,513 |  |  |  | 6,753 |  |  |  | 249 |  |  |  | 1,725 |
Martinsville Bulletin | martinsvillebulletin.com | Martinsville, VA |  |  | 6,295 |  |  |  | 7,036 |  |  |  | 284 |  |  |  | 1,970 |
Fredericksburg Group |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Freelance-Star | fredericksburg.com | Fredericksburg, VA |  |  | 18,458 |  |  |  | 21,076 |  |  |  | 879 |  |  |  | 6,738 |
Culpeper Star-Exponent | starexponent.com | Culpeper, VA |  |  | 2,730 |  |  |  | 2,788 |  |  |  | 130 |  |  |  | 997 |
Casper Star-Tribune | trib.com | Casper, WY |  |  | 22,678 |  |  |  | 23,495 |  |  |  | 621 |  |  |  | 4,015 |
Billings Gazette (5) | billingsgazette.com | Billings, MT |  |  | 22,557 |  |  |  | 22,689 |  |  |  | 1,407 |  |  |  | 11,575 |
The Bismarck Tribune | bismarcktribune.com | Bismarck, ND |  |  | 20,788 |  |  |  | 22,127 |  |  |  | 612 |  |  |  | 6,147 |
The Courier | wcfcourier.com | Waterloo and Cedar Falls, IA |  |  | 17,215 |  |  |  | 21,218 |  |  |  | 668 |  |  |  | 6,225 |
Alabama Group |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dothan Eagle | dothaneagle.com | Dothan, AL |  |  | 11,623 |  |  |  | 12,399 |  |  |  | 486 |  |  |  | 3,109 |
Opelika Auburn News | oanow.com | Opelika, AL |  |  | 6,794 |  |  |  | 6,909 |  |  |  | 284 |  |  |  | 1,818 |
River Valley Newspaper Group |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
La Crosse Tribune | lacrossetribune.com | La Crosse, WI |  |  | 13,378 |  |  |  | 15,661 |  |  |  | 590 |  |  |  | 6,904 |
Winona Daily News | winonadailynews.com | Winona, MN |  |  | 3,173 |  |  |  | 3,280 |  |  |  | 194 |  |  |  | 1,544 |
The Chippewa Herald (5) | chippewa.com | Chippewa Falls, WI |  |  | 1,409 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 164 |  |  |  | 915 |
Helena/Butte Group |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Independent Record (5) | helenair.com | Helena, MT |  |  | 9,009 |  |  |  | 10,448 |  |  |  | 475 |  |  |  | 4,486 |
Montana Standard (5) | mtstandard.com | Butte, MT |  |  | 7,568 |  |  |  | 8,320 |  |  |  | 316 |  |  |  | 3,050 |
Missoula Group |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Missoulian (5) | missoulian.com | Missoula, MT |  |  | 13,858 |  |  |  | 15,749 |  |  |  | 746 |  |  |  | 5,890 |
Ravalli Republic (5) | ravallinews.com | Hamilton, MT |  |  | 1,955 |  |  |  | 1,414 |  |  |  | 64 |  |  |  | 303 |
Waco Tribune-Herald | wacotrib.com | Waco, TX |  |  | 13,868 |  |  |  | 16,292 |  |  |  | 659 |  |  |  | 4,248 |
The Post-Star | poststar.com | Glens Falls, NY |  |  | 14,317 |  |  |  | 16,027 |  |  |  | 719 |  |  |  | 6,566 |
Sioux City Journal (5) | siouxcityjournal.com | Sioux City, IA |  |  | 23,328 |  |  |  | 15,544 |  |  |  | 612 |  |  |  | 4,363 |
Rapid City Journal (5) | rapidcityjournal.com | Rapid City, SD |  |  | 13,649 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 839 |  |  |  | 5,976 |
Charlottesville Group |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Charlottesville Daily Progress | dailyprogress.com | Charlottesville, VA |  |  | 11,414 |  |  |  | 12,574 |  |  |  | 549 |  |  |  | 3,000 |
The News Virginian | newsvirginian.com | Waynesboro, VA |  |  | 2,765 |  |  |  | 2,834 |  |  |  | 133 |  |  |  | 727 |
Mid-Valley News Group |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Albany Democrat-Herald | democratherald.com | Albany, OR |  |  | 7,760 |  |  |  | 7,647 |  |  |  | 301 |  |  |  | 2,234 |
Corvallis Gazette-Times | gazettetimes.com | Corvallis, OR |  |  | 7,250 |  |  |  | 6,994 |  |  |  | 315 |  |  |  | 2,339 |
Bristol Herald Courier | heraldcourier.com | Bristol,VA |  |  | 11,618 |  |  |  | 12,506 |  |  |  | 527 |  |  |  | 2,702 |

5

|  |  |  | Average Units (1) |  |  | 2020 Monthly Average ('000s) (6) |
Newspaper | Primary Website | Location |  | Daily (2) |  |  | Sunday |  |  | Unique Visitors |  |  | Page Views |
The Southern Illinoisan | thesouthern.com | Carbondale, IL |  |  | 7,932 |  |  |  | 11,449 |  |  |  | 467 |  |  |  | 2,560 |
Grand Island Independent | theindependent.com | Grand Island, NE |  |  | 10,943 |  |  |  | 11,145 |  |  |  | 346 |  |  |  | 2,863 |
Florence Morning News | scnow.com | Florence, SC |  |  | 9,581 |  |  |  | 11,165 |  |  |  | 385 |  |  |  | 2,846 |
The Daily News (5) | tdn.com | Longview, WA |  |  | 13,196 |  |  |  | 10,084 |  |  |  | 305 |  |  |  | 2,187 |
Magic Valley Group |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
The Times-News | magicvalley.com | Twin Falls, ID |  |  | 10,522 |  |  |  | 9,846 |  |  |  | 524 |  |  |  | 3,923 |
Elko Daily Free Press (5) | elkodaily.com | Elko, NV |  |  | 3,270 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 138 |  |  |  | 1,342 |
Bryan-College Station Eagle | theeagle.com | Bryan, TX |  |  | 9,068 |  |  |  | 9,378 |  |  |  | 534 |  |  |  | 2,798 |
The Citizen (5) | auburnpub.com | Auburn, NY |  |  | 5,750 |  |  |  | 9,292 |  |  |  | 398 |  |  |  | 3,350 |
Napa Valley Register | napavalleyregister.com | Napa, CA |  |  | 8,724 |  |  |  | 8,500 |  |  |  | 630 |  |  |  | 4,315 |
Globe Gazette | globegazette.com | Mason City, IA |  |  | 7,419 |  |  |  | 8,350 |  |  |  | 353 |  |  |  | 3,542 |
Arizona Daily Sun (5) | azdailysun.com | Flagstaff, AZ |  |  | 6,907 |  |  |  | 6,910 |  |  |  | 352 |  |  |  | 1,829 |
Scottsbluff Star-Herald | starherald.com | Scottsbluff, NE |  |  | 6,302 |  |  |  | 6,362 |  |  |  | 247 |  |  |  | 1,484 |
Kearney Hub | kearneyhub.com | Kearney, NE |  |  | 5,628 |  |  |  | 5,761 |  |  |  | 305 |  |  |  | 2,175 |
The Daily Nonpareil | nonpareilonline.com | Council Bluffs, IA |  |  | 5,344 |  |  |  | 5,573 |  |  |  | 276 |  |  |  | 1,558 |
The Times and Democrat (5) | thetandd.com | Orangeburg, SC |  |  | 6,513 |  |  |  | 5,570 |  |  |  | 412 |  |  |  | 2,632 |
North Platte Telegraph | nptelegraph.com | North Platte, NE |  |  | 4,823 |  |  |  | 4,804 |  |  |  | 157 |  |  |  | 832 |
The Sentinel (5) | cumberlink.com | Carlisle, PA |  |  | 6,258 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 366 |  |  |  | 2,227 |
Daily Journal (5) | dailyjournalonline.com | Park Hills, MO |  |  | 2,928 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 244 |  |  |  | 1,761 |
York News-Times (5) | yorknewstimes.com | York, NE |  |  | 2,298 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 68 |  |  |  | 276 |
|  |  |  |  | 1,343,657 |  |  |  | 1,694,475 |  |  |  | 56,140 |  |  |  | 447,505 |

| (1) | Source: AAM: March 2020 Quarterly Executive Summary Data Report, unless otherwise noted. More recent data is not available.
| (2) | Not all newspapers are published Monday through Saturday.
| (3) | Owned by MNI.
| (4) | Owned by Star Publishing and published through TNI.
| (5) | Source: Company statistics.
| (6) | Excludes Agri-Media sites

NEWSPRINT

The raw material of newspapers, and our other print publications, is newsprint. We purchase newsprint from U.S. and Canadian producers. We believe we will continue to receive a supply of newsprint adequate for our needs and consider our relationships with newsprint producers to be good. Newsprint purchase prices can be volatile and fluctuate based upon factors that include foreign currency exchange rates, tariffs and both foreign and domestic production capacity and consumption. Price fluctuations can affect our results of operations. We have not entered into derivative contracts for newsprint. For the quantitative impacts of these fluctuations, see Item 7A, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk”, included herein.

6

EXECUTIVE TEAM

The following table lists our current executive team members:

|  |  |  |  | Service | Named |
|  |  |  |  | With The | To Current |
Name |  | Age |  | Company | Position | Current Position
Kevin D. Mowbray |  |  | 58 |  | September 1986 | February 2016 | President and Chief Executive Officer
Joseph J. Battistoni |  |  | 37 |  | March 2014 | November 2019 | Vice President - Local Advertising
Nathan E. Bekke |  |  | 51 |  | January 1992 | February 2015 | Vice President - Consumer Sales and Marketing and OVP
Ray G. Farris |  |  | 64 |  | October 2006 | December 2018 | Vice President - Advertising and OVP
Suzanna M. Frank |  |  | 50 |  | December 2003 | March 2008 | Vice President - Audience
Astrid J. Garcia |  |  | 70 |  | December 2006 | December 2013 | Vice President - Human Resources and Legal
James A. Green |  |  | 54 |  | March 2013 | March 2013 | Vice President - Digital
John M. Humenik |  |  | 57 |  | December 1998 | February 2015 | Vice President - News
Timothy R. Millage |  |  | 39 |  | March 2010 | August 2018 | Vice President - Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
Douglas L. Ranes |  |  | 70 |  | February 2005 | November 2019 | Vice President - Production Operations
Michele Fennelly White |  |  | 58 |  | June 1994 | June 2011 | Vice President - Information Technology and Chief Information Officer

Kevin D. Mowbray was elected President and Chief Executive Officer in February 2016. From April 2015 - February 2016 he was Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer. From May 2013 to April 2015 he served as Vice President and Chief Operating Officer. From 2004 to May 2013 he served as a Vice President - Publishing and was Publisher of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch from 2006 until May 2013. He was elected to the Board of Directors of the Company in February 2016.

Joseph J. Battistoni was appointed Vice President - Local Advertising in November 2019. From February 2018 to November 2019, he served as General Manager and Vice President - Sales and Marketing for The Times Media Company. From October 2015 to February 2018, he served as Vice President of Sales and Marketing. From March 2014 to October 2015, he served as Digital Advertising Director.

Nathan E. Bekke was appointed Vice President - Consumer Sales and Marketing in February 2015. From 2003 to February 2015, he served as Publisher of the Casper Star-Tribune.

Ray G. Farris was appointed Vice President - Group Publisher in December 2018. From May 2013 to December 2018, he served as President and Publisher of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch. From August 2010 to May 2013, he served as General Manager and Vice President of Sales of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch. From October 2006 to August 2010, he served as Vice President of Classified Advertising of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch.

Suzanna M. Frank was appointed Vice President - Research and Metrics in November 2018. From March 2008 to November 2018 she served as Vice President - Audience. From 2003 to 2008 she served as Director of Research and Marketing of the Company.

Astrid J. Garcia was appointed Vice President - Human Resources and Legal in December 2013. From 2006 to November 2013 she served as Vice President of Human Resources, Labor Relations and Operations of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch.

James A. Green was appointed Vice President - Digital in March 2013. From June 2011 to March 2013, he served as Executive Vice President and General Manager of Travidia, Inc., a developer of newspaper digital shopping media and marketing programs. From 2004 to June 2011 he served as Chief Marketing Officer of Travidia, Inc.

John M. Humenik was appointed Vice President - News in February 2015. He was also president and publisher of the Wisconsin State Journal and president of Madison Newspapers Inc., a position he has held since 2013. He was publisher and editor of the Arizona Daily Star from 2005 to 2010 and additionally served as president of Tucson Newspapers Inc. until 2013.

Timothy R. Millage was elected Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer in August 2018. From 2012 to 2018 he served as the corporate controller.

Michele Fennelly White was appointed Vice President - Information Technology and Chief Information Officer in June 2011. From 1999 to June 2011, she served as Director of Technical Support.

Douglas L. Ranes was appointed Vice President - Production Operations in November 2019. From June 2014 to November 2019, he served as Director of Production. From February 2005 to June 2012 he serve as Director of Operations for The North County Times and The Northwest Indiana Times.

Messrs. Mowbray, Bekke, Farris, Garcia, and Millage have been designated by the Board of Directors as executive officers for US Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") reporting purposes.

7

EMPLOYEES

At September 27, 2020, we had approximately 5,613 employees, including approximately 1,089 part-time employees, exclusive of TNI and MNI. Full-time equivalent employees in 2020 totaled approximately 5,224. We consider our relationships with our employees to be good.

Bargaining units represent 254, or 69%, of the total employees of The St. Louis Post-Dispatch, which has six contracts with bargaining units with expiration dates from February 2021 through March 2022.

Bargaining units represent 389, or 75%, of the total employees of the Buffalo News, which has twelve contracts with bargaining units with expiration dates from December 2020 through June 2022.

Bargaining units represent 132, or 49%, of the total employees of the Omaha World-Herald, which had four contracts with bargaining units with expiration dates January 2021 through May 2022 and one in negotiation.

Approximately 173 employees in eight additional locations are represented by collective bargaining units.

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND PUBLIC INFORMATION

We have a long history of sound corporate governance practices. Our Board of Directors has a lead independent director, and has had one for many years. Currently, our Board of Directors has affirmatively determined that seven of its ten members are independent, including all members of the Board's Audit, Executive Compensation and Nominating and Corporate Governance committees. The Audit Committee approves all services to be provided by our independent registered public accounting firm and its affiliates.

At www.lee.net, one may access a wide variety of information, including news releases, SEC filings, financial statistics, annual reports, investor presentations, governance documents, newspaper profiles and digital links. We make available via our website all filings made by the Company under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act"), including Forms 10-K, 10-Q and 8-K, and related amendments, as soon as reasonably practicable after they are filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. All such filings are available free of charge. The content of any website referred to in this Annual Report is not incorporated by reference unless expressly noted.

8

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a “safe harbor” for forward-looking statements. This annual report ("Annual Report") contains information that may be deemed forward-looking that is based largely on our current expectations, and is subject to certain risks, trends and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated. Among such risks, trends and other uncertainties, which in some instances are beyond our control, are:

| • | Revenues may continue to diminish or declines in revenue could accelerate as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic;
| • | Revenues may continue to be diminished longer than anticipated as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic;
| • | The COVID-19 pandemic may result in material long-term changes to the publishing industry which may result in permanent revenue reductions for the Company and other risks and uncertainties;
| • | We may experience increased costs, inefficiencies and other disruptions as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic;
| • | We may be required to indemnify the previous owners of the BH Media Newspaper Business or the Buffalo News for unknown legal and other matters that may arise;

| • | Our ability to manage declining print revenue;

| • | That the warrants issued in our 2014 refinancing will not be exercised;

| • | The impact and duration of adverse conditions in certain aspects of the economy affecting our business;

| • | Change in advertising and subscription demand;

| • | Changes in technology that impact our ability to deliver digital advertising;

| • | Potential changes in newsprint, other commodities and energy costs;

| • | Interest rates;

| • | Labor costs;
| • | Significant cyber security breaches or failure of our information technology systems;

| • | Our ability to achieve planned expense reductions and realize the expected benefit of our acquisitions;

| • | Our ability to maintain employee and customer relationships;

| • | Our ability to manage increased capital costs;

| • | Our ability to maintain our listing status on the NYSE;

| • | Competition; and

| • | Other risks detailed from time to time in our publicly filed documents, including this Annual Report and particularly in "Risk Factors", Part I, Item 1A herein.

Any statements that are not statements of historical fact (including statements containing the words “may”, “will”, “would”, “could”, “believes”, “expects”, “anticipates”, “intends”, “plans”, “projects”, “considers” and similar expressions) generally should be considered forward-looking statements. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements, which are made as of the date of this Annual Report. We do not undertake to publicly update or revise our forward-looking statements, except as required by law.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

The risks described below could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. We could also be affected by additional risks that apply to all companies operating in the U.S., as well as other risks that are not presently known to us or that we currently consider to be immaterial. These Risk Factors should be carefully reviewed in conjunction with Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in Item 7 and our Financial Statements and Supplementary Data in Item 8 of this Report. For ease of review, the risk factors generally have been grouped into categories, but many of the risks described in a given category relate to multiple categories.

Risks Related to General Economic Factors

The Company has incurred a material drop in advertising revenues as COVID-19 continues.

Certain aspects of our operating results have experienced lower revenue and profitability over the last several years and these trends are expected to continue in the future. However, the COVID-19 pandemic and government restrictions caused significant and immediate declines in demand for certain of our products and services, and ultimately in advertising revenue.

Our advertising revenues may decline due to weakness in the brick and mortar retail sector.

A significant portion of our revenue is derived from advertising. The demand for advertising is sensitive to the overall level of economic strength, both in the markets in which we operate and nationally. Also, the decline in the financial or economic conditions of our advertisers could alter discretionary spending by advertisers. Certain segments of the economy have been challenged in recent years, particularly in the brick and mortar retail sector, and total advertising revenues have declined as a result. Advertising revenues may worsen if advertisers reduce their budgets, shift their spending priorities, are forced to consolidate or cease operations.

Our ability to generate revenue is highly sensitive to the strength of the economies in which we operate and the demographics of the local communities that we serve.

Our advertising and marketing services revenues and subscription revenues depend upon a number of factors, including, among others, the size and demographic characteristics of the local population and the local economic conditions in general and the economic condition of the retail segments of the communities that our publications serve. In the case of an economic downturn in a market, our publications, revenues, and profitability in that market could be adversely affected. Our advertising and marketing services revenues could also be affected by negative trends in the general economy that affect consumer spending. The advertisers in our newspapers and other publications and related websites are primarily retail businesses that can be significantly affected by regional or national economic downturns and other developments. Declines in the U.S. economy could also significantly affect key advertising revenue categories, such as help wanted, real estate, and automotive.

9

Uncertainty and adverse changes in the general economic conditions of markets in which we participate may negatively affect our business.

Current and future economic conditions are inherently uncertain. It is difficult to estimate the level of growth or contraction for the economy as a whole, and even more difficult to estimate growth or contraction in various parts, sectors and regions of the economy, including the markets our publications serve. Adverse changes may occur as a result of weak global economic conditions, declining oil prices, wavering consumer confidence, unemployment, declines in stock markets, contraction of credit availability, declines in real estate values, natural disasters, or other factors affecting economic conditions in general. These changes may negatively affect the sales of our products, increase exposure to losses from bad debts, increase the cost and decrease the availability of financing, or increase costs associated with publishing and distributing our publications.

The collectability of accounts receivable under adverse economic conditions could deteriorate to a greater extent than provided for in our financial statements and in our projections of future results.

Adverse economic conditions in the U.S. may increase our exposure to losses resulting from financial distress, insolvency and the potential bankruptcy of our advertising and marketing services customers. We recorded write-offs of accounts receivable relating to recent bankruptcies of national retailers, including Sears, among others. Our accounts receivable is stated at net estimated realizable value, and our allowance for doubtful accounts has been determined based on several factors, including receivable agings, significant individual credit risk accounts and historical experience. If such collectability estimates prove inaccurate, adjustments to future operating results could occur.

The value of our intangible assets may become impaired, depending upon future operating results.

At September 27, 2020 the carrying value of our goodwill was $328,445,000, the carrying value of mastheads was $40,459,000, and the carrying value of our amortizable intangible assets was $142,147,000. The indefinite-lived assets (goodwill and mastheads) are subject to annual impairment testing and more frequent testing upon the occurrence of certain events or significant changes in our circumstances that indicate all or a portion of their carrying values may no longer be recoverable, in which case a non-cash charge to earnings may be necessary in the relevant period. We may subsequently experience market pressures which could cause future cash flows to decline below our current expectations, or volatile equity markets could negatively impact market factors used in the impairment analysis, including earnings multiples, discount rates, and long-term growth rates. Any future evaluations requiring an asset impairment charge for goodwill or other intangible assets would adversely affect future reported results of operations and stockholders’ equity.

We performed assessments for possible impairment of the carrying value of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles in connection with the BH Media acquisition and as of September 27, 2020. Management assumptions used to calculate fair value of the reporting units involves forward looking financial information and subjectivity. Changes in key assumptions impacting the analyses could have resulted in the recognition of additional impairment. For further information on goodwill and intangible assets, see Note 5 — Goodwill and other intangible assets

A decrease in our Common Stock price may limit the ability to trade our Common Stock or for the Company to raise equity capital.

Our Common Stock currently trades on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), and the continued listing of our Common Stock on the NYSE is subject to our compliance with a number of listing standards, including minimum share price requirements. If we fall out of compliance with NYSE’s listing standards and fail to regain compliance within the applicable cure periods, our Common Stock may be delisted from the NYSE. Failure to maintain our NYSE listing could negatively impact us and our stockholders by reducing the willingness of investors to hold our Common Stock because of the resulting decreased price, liquidity and trading of our Common Stock.

Risk Related to Competition from Digital Media

Our operating revenue may be materially adversely affected if we do not successfully respond to the shift in newspaper readership and advertising expenditures away from traditional print media and towards digital media. Significant capital investments may be needed to respond to this shift.

Currently, our primary source of revenue is from advertising and marketing services, which accounts for 47% of our revenue. Subscription revenue accounts for 43% of our revenue. The media publishing industry has experienced rapid evolution in consumer demands and expectations due to advances in technology, which have led to a proliferation of delivery methods for news and information. The number of consumers who access online services through devices other than personal computers, such as tablets and mobile devices, has increased dramatically in recent years and likely will continue to increase. The media publishing industry also continues to be affected by demographic shifts, with older generations preferring more traditional print newspaper delivery and younger generations consuming news through digital media. Also, the revenues generated by media publishing companies have been affected significantly by the shift in advertising expenditures towards digital media.

The future revenue performance of our digital business depends to a significant degree upon the growth development and management of our subscriber and advertising audiences. The growth of our digital business over the long term depends on various factors, including, among other things, the ability to:

| • | Continue to increase digital audiences;
| • | Attract advertisers to our digital platforms;
| • | Tailor our products to efficiently and effectively deliver content and advertising on mobile devices;
| • | Maintain or increase the advertising rates on our digital platforms;
| • | Exploit new and existing technologies to distinguish our products and services from those of competitors and develop new content, products and services;

| • | Invest funds and resources in digital opportunities;

| • | Partner with, or use services from, providers that can assist us in effectively growing our digital business; and

| • | Create digital content and platforms that attract and engage audiences in our markets.

If we are unable to grow our digital audience, distinguish our products and services from those of our competitors or develop compelling new products and services that engage users across multiple platforms, then our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be adversely affected. Responding to the changes described above may require us to make significant capital investments and incur significant research and development costs related to building, maintaining, and evolving our technology infrastructure, and our ability to make the level of investments required may be limited.

See “Audiences” in Item 1, included herein, for additional information on about our print and digital audiences.

10

Risks Related to our Acquisitions of BH Media and Buffalo News

On March 16, 2020, the Company completed the purchase of certain assets and the assumption of certain liabilities of the newspaper and related community publications business of BH Media and the purchase of all of the issued and outstanding capital stock of Buffalo News (collectively, the “Transactions”). Under the terms of the Asset and Stock Purchase Agreement, dated January 29, 2020, with Berkshire Hathaway, Inc. (“Berkshire”), and BH Media (the “Purchase Agreement”), the aggregate purchase price for the Transactions was $140 million, which excluded $12 million in cash at closing of the Transactions. BH Finance, LLC (“BH Finance”), an affiliate of Berkshire, financed the Purchase Agreement through the Credit Agreement, dated January 29, 2020 (the “Credit Agreement”).

The Company borrowed $576 million from BH Finance under the Credit Agreement in order to finance the Transactions and refinance its outstanding indebtedness.

We may not achieve the intended benefits of the BH Media acquisition.

We completed the BH Media acquisition in March 2020, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to realize the expected benefits of the transaction.

There are many challenges associated with integrating a material acquisition, such as our acquisition of BH Media and Buffalo News, including the integration of executive and other employee teams with historically different cultures and priorities; the coordination of personnel located across multiple geographic locations; retaining key management and other employees; consolidating corporate and administrative infrastructures and eliminating duplicative operations; the diversion of management’s attention from ongoing business concerns; retaining existing business and operational relationships, including customers, suppliers and other counterparties, and attracting new business and operational relationships; unanticipated issues in integrating information technology, communications and other systems; as well as unforeseen expenses associated with the acquisition. These and other challenges could result in unanticipated operational challenges and the failure to realize anticipated synergies in the expected timeframe or at all.

If we fail to realize anticipated synergies in the amount and within the timeframe expected, our actual financial condition and results of operations may differ materially from the illustrative financial information disclosed in connection with the acquisition, which was based on various assumptions and estimates that may prove to be incorrect. Such illustrative financial information did not constitute management’s projections of future financial performance or results of operations; however, any material variance from such illustrative financial information could result in negative investor reactions that materially and adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock.

Our actual financial condition and results of operations may differ materially even if synergies are realized, due to macroeconomic factors or a variety of other risks to our business that are independent of the acquisition.

Our future results will suffer if we do not effectively manage our expanded operations.

With completion of the BH Media acquisition, the size of our business has increased significantly. Our continued success depends, in part, upon our ability to manage this expanded business, which poses substantial challenges for management, including challenges related to the management and monitoring of new operations and associated increased costs and complexity. We cannot assure you that we will be successful or that we will realize the expected operating efficiencies, cost savings, and other benefits from the combination that we currently anticipate.

The Company may not have the ability to generate cash flows and maintain liquidity sufficient to service its debt.

In March 2020, pursuant to the BH Media acquisition, the Company entered into a twenty-five (25) year, senior-secured term loan facility with BH Finance in an aggregate principal amount of $576 million. The term loan facility matures on March 16, 2045 and bears interest at the rate of 9% per annum. Accordingly, we are required to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to fund interest payments. In addition, we are required to repay our credit facility from time to time with (i) the proceeds of asset sales and casualty and condemnation events and (ii) 100% percent of our excess cash flow (defined as any unrestricted cash in excess of $20 million, measured on a quarterly basis). Our debt service obligations reduce the amount of cash flow available to fund our working capital, capital expenditures, investments and potential distributions to stockholders. Moreover, there can be no assurance that we will be able to generate sufficient cash flow to satisfy our debt service obligations. Our ability to satisfy our debt service obligations depends on our ability to generate cash flow from operations, which is subject to a variety of risks, including general economic conditions and the strength of our competitors, which are outside our control.

While we may be able to refinance our indebtedness prior to maturity on more favorable terms, there can be no assurance that we will be able to do so. Our ability to achieve more favorable terms would likely require us to substantially reduce our total outstanding indebtedness relative to current levels. Our ability to prepay our existing indebtedness is highly dependent on both the strength of our cash flow from operations as well as our ability to generate significant proceeds from sales of real estate, the timing and amount of which is highly uncertain. In addition, any refinancing would depend upon the condition of the finance and credit markets.

The terms of our indebtedness impose significant operating and financial restrictions on us. Our credit facility requires us to comply with numerous affirmative and negative covenants, including restrictions limiting our ability to, among other things, incur additional indebtedness, make investments and acquisitions, pay certain dividends, sell assets, merge, incur certain liens, enter into agreements with its affiliates, make capital expenditures, change our business, engage in sale/leaseback transactions, and modify our organizational documents. For these and other reasons generally affecting the ability to pay dividends, our stockholders will not receive dividends so long as the Credit Agreement is outstanding. Stockholders also should be aware that they have no contractual or other legal right to dividends that have not been declared.

A failure to satisfy our debt service obligations, a breach of a covenant in our credit facility, or a material breach of a representation or warranty in our credit facility, among other events specified in the credit facility, could give rise to a default, which could give rise to the right of our lenders to declare our indebtedness, together with accrued interest and other fees, to be immediately due and payable. An acceleration of our indebtedness would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and stock price.

11

Risks Related to Cybersecurity

Our business, operating results and reputation may be negatively impacted, and we may be subject to legal and regulatory claims if there is a loss, destruction, disclosure, misappropriation or alteration of or unauthorized access to data owned or maintained by us, or if we are the subject of a significant data breach or cyberattack.

We rely on our information technology and communications systems to manage our business data, including communications, news and advertising content, digital products, order entry, fulfillment and other business processes. These technologies and systems also help us manage many of our internal controls over financial reporting, disclosure controls and procedures and financial systems. Attempts to compromise information technology and communications systems occur regularly across many industries and sectors, and we may be vulnerable to security breaches resulting from accidental events (such as human error) or deliberate attacks. Moreover, the techniques used to attempt attacks and the perpetrators of such attacks are constantly expanding. We face threats both from use of malicious code (such as malware, viruses and ransomware), employee theft or misuse, advanced persistent threats, and phishing and denial-of-service attacks. The Company has complied with all applicable legal requirements relating to this activity. As cyberattacks become increasingly sophisticated, and as tools and resources become more readily available to malicious third parties, the Company will incur increased costs to secure its technology environment and there can be no guarantee that the Company’s and our third-party vendors’ actions, security measures and controls designed to prevent, detect or respond to security breaches, to limit access to data, to prevent destruction, alteration, or exfiltration of data, or to limit the negative impact from such attacks, can provide absolute security against compromise. As a result, our business data, communications, news and advertising content, digital products, order entry, fulfillment and other business processes may be lost, destroyed, disclosed, misappropriated, altered or accessed without consent and various controls, automated procedures and financial systems could be compromised.

A significant security breach or other successful attack could result in significant remediation costs, including repairing system damage, engaging third-party experts, deploying additional personnel or vendor support, training employees, and compensation or incentives offered to third parties whose data has been compromised. These incidents may also lead to lost revenues resulting from a loss in competitive advantage due to the unauthorized disclosure, alteration, destruction or use of business data, the failure to retain or attract customers, the disruption of critical business processes or systems, and the diversion of management’s attention and resources. Moreover, such incidents may result in adverse media coverage, which may harm our reputation. These incidents may also lead to legal claims or proceedings, including regulatory investigations and actions and private lawsuits, and related legal fees, as well as potential settlements, judgments and fines. We maintain insurance, but the coverage and limits of our insurance policies may not be adequate to reimburse us for losses caused by security breaches.

Our possession and use of personal information and the use of payment cards by our customers present risks and expenses that could harm our business. Unauthorized access to or disclosure or manipulation of such data, whether through breach of our network security or otherwise, could expose us to liabilities and costly litigation and damage our reputation.

Our online systems store and process confidential subscriber and other sensitive data, such as names, email addresses, addresses, and other personal information. Therefore, maintaining our network security is critical. Additionally, we depend on the security of our third-party service providers. Unauthorized use of or inappropriate access to our, or our third-party service providers’ networks, computer systems and services could potentially jeopardize the security of confidential information, including payment card (credit or debit) information, of our customers. Because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service, or sabotage systems change frequently and often are not recognized until launched against a target, we or our third-party service providers may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. Non-technical means, for example, actions by an employee, can also result in a data breach. A party that is able to circumvent our security measures could misappropriate our proprietary information or the information of our customers or users, cause interruption in our operations, or damage our computers or those of our customers or users. As a result of any such breaches, customers or users may assert claims of liability against us and these activities may subject us to legal claims, adversely impact our reputation, and interfere with our ability to provide our products and services, all of which may have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. The coverage and limits of our insurance policies may not be adequate to reimburse us for losses caused by security breaches.

A significant number of our customers authorize us to bill their payment card accounts directly for all amounts charged by us. These customers provide payment card information and other personally identifiable information which, depending on the particular payment plan, may be maintained to facilitate future payment card transactions. Under payment card rules and our contracts with our card processors, if there is a breach of payment card information that we store, we could be liable to the banks that issue the payment cards for their related expenses and penalties. In addition, if we fail to follow payment card industry data security standards, even if there is no compromise of customer information, we could incur significant fines or lose our ability to give our customers the option of using payment cards. If we were unable to accept payment cards, our business would be seriously harmed.

There can be no assurance that any security measures we, or our third-party service providers, take will be effective in preventing a data breach. We may need to expend significant resources to protect against security breaches or to address problems caused by breaches. If an actual or perceived breach of our security occurs, the perception of the effectiveness of our security measures could be harmed and we could lose customers or users. Failure to protect confidential customer data or to provide customers with adequate notice of our privacy policies could also subject us to liabilities imposed by United States federal and state regulatory agencies or courts. We could also be subject to evolving state laws that impose data breach notification requirements, specific data security obligations, or other consumer privacy-related requirements. Our failure to comply with any of these laws or regulations may have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Risks Related to Catastrophic Events

Natural disasters, extreme weather conditions, public health emergencies or other catastrophic events could negatively affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Natural disasters and extreme weather conditions, such as hurricanes, derecho windstorms, floods, earthquakes, wildfires; acts of terrorism or violence, including active shooter situations; and public health issues, including pandemics and quarantines, could negatively affect our operations and financial performance. Such events could result in physical damage to our properties, disruptions to our IT systems, the temporary or long-term disruption in the supply of products from our suppliers, and delays in the delivery of goods to our printing facilities. Public health issues, whether occurring in the U.S. or Canada, could disrupt our operations, disrupt the operations of suppliers, or have an adverse impact on consumer spending and confidence levels.

12

The COVID-19 pandemic is affecting our business, financial condition and results of operations in many respects.

The continuing impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic are highly unpredictable and volatile. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in widespread and continuing impacts on the United States economy and on our employees, customers, suppliers and other people and entities with which we do business. There is considerable uncertainty regarding the extent to which COVID-19 will continue to spread and the extent and duration of measures to try to contain the virus, such as travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, the use of social distancing, masks and other safety measures, shelter-in-place orders and business and government shutdowns and vaccines. We are taking precautionary measures intended to help minimize the risk of the virus to our employees, including temporarily requiring some employees to work remotely.

Other factors and uncertainties include:

| • | the severity and duration of the pandemic, including whether there are future waves caused by additional periods of increases or spikes in the number of COVID-19 cases;

| • | the long-term impact of the pandemic on our business, including customer behaviors;

| • | general economic uncertainty, unemployment rates, and recessionary pressures;

| • | unknown consequences on our business performance and initiatives stemming from the substantial investment of time and other resources to the pandemic response; and

| • | the pace of recovery when the pandemic subsides.

Persistence of COVID-19

The persistence of the COVID-19 pandemic may have a material impact on our digital and print advertising and subscriptions for an unknown length of time.

We expect the COVID-19 pandemic to continue to have a significant negative impact in the near term. The long-term impact will depend on the length, severity and reoccurrence of the pandemic, as well as changes in consumer behavior. The COVID-19 pandemic may accelerate, hasten or worsen the other Risk Factors described in this Item 1A.

Competition

We compete with a large number of companies in the local media industry, including digital media businesses and, if we are unable to compete effectively, our advertising and subscription revenues may decline.

We compete for audiences and advertising revenue with newspapers and other media such as the internet, magazines, broadcast, cable and satellite television, radio, direct mail, outdoor billboards and yellow pages. As the use of the internet and mobile devices has increased, we have lost some classified advertising and subscribers to online advertising businesses and our free Internet sites that contain abbreviated versions of our publications. Some of our current and potential competitors have greater financial and other resources than we do. If we fail to compete effectively with competing newspapers and other media, our results of operations may be materially adversely affected.

Pension Liabilities

Sustained increases in funding requirements of our pension and postretirement obligations may reduce the cash available for our business.

Pension liabilities, net of plan assets, totaled $71.5 million at September 27, 2020, an increase of $24.5 million from September 29, 2019 primarily due to the acquisition of Buffalo News which included additional pension plans.

Our pension and postretirement plans invest in a variety of equity and debt securities. Future volatility and disruption in the securities markets could cause declines in the asset values of our pension and postretirement plans. In addition, a decrease in the discount rates or changes to mortality estimates and other assumptions used to determine the liability could increase the benefit obligation of the plans. Unfavorable changes to the plan assets and/or the benefit obligations could increase the level of required contributions above what is currently estimated, which could reduce the cash available for our business and debt service.

Over the last several years, federal legislation has provided for pension funding relief, temporarily reducing our pension contributions. Even with funding relief, we expect to have to make additional contributions to our plans in the future.

We expect to be subject to withdrawal liability in connection with one multiemployer pension plan and may be subject to additional withdrawal liabilities in connection with other multiemployer pension plans, which may reduce the cash available for our business.

We contributed to various multiemployer defined benefit pension plans during 2020 under the terms of collective-bargaining agreements (“CBAs”). For plans that are in critical status, benefit reductions may apply/or we could be required to make additional contributions.

In 2019, we effectuated a total withdrawal from our CWA/ITU multiemployer pension plan and as a result we are subject to a claim from the multiemployer pension plan for a withdrawal liability. The amount of such liability will be dependent on actions taken, or not taken, by the pension plan, as well as the future investment performance and funding status of the pension plan. The withdrawal liability is expected to be funded over a 20-year period.

In 2019, we received the final assessment for the partial withdrawal liability associated with our GCIU plan. The withdrawal liability is expected to be funded over a 20-year period.

13

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

Our executive offices are located in leased facilities at 4600 E. 53rd Street, Davenport, Iowa. The initial lease term expires August 1, 2029.

All of our principal printing facilities are owned, except for leased land for the Helena, Montana plant and acquired properties from BH Media. Additionally, property is leased for Madison, Wisconsin (which is owned by MNI) and Tucson, Arizona (which is jointly owned by Star Publishing and Citizen). All facilities are maintained, in good condition, suitable for existing office and publishing operations, as applicable, and adequately equipped.

More than 58% of our daily newspapers, as well as many of our nearly 268 other publications, are printed at either another one of our print locations or outsourced to a third party, to enhance operating efficiency. We are continuing to evaluate additional insourcing and outsourcing opportunities in order to more effectively manage our operating and capital costs and monetize real estate.

Our newspapers and other publications have formal or informal backup arrangements for printing in the event of a disruption in production capability.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

We are involved in a variety of legal actions that arise in the normal course of business. Insurance coverage mitigates potential loss for certain of these matters. While we are unable to predict the ultimate outcome of these legal actions, it is our opinion that the disposition of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on our Consolidated Financial Statements, taken as a whole.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY,

RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Our Common Stock is listed on the NYSE. In March 2011, in accordance with sunset provisions established in 1986, we effected conversion of all outstanding shares of Class B Common Stock to Common Stock. The table below includes the high and low prices of Common Stock for each calendar quarter during the past three years and the closing price at the end of each quarter.

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Quarter Ended |
(Dollars) |  | December |  |  | March |  |  | June |  |  | September |
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
High |  |  | 2.12 |  |  |  | 3.09 |  |  |  | 1.44 |  |  |  | 1.06 |
Low |  |  | 1.20 |  |  |  | 0.85 |  |  |  | 0.71 |  |  |  | 0.76 |
Closing |  |  | 1.39 |  |  |  | 1.13 |  |  |  | 0.97 |  |  |  | 0.82 |
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
High |  |  | 3.05 |  |  |  | 3.68 |  |  |  | 3.49 |  |  |  | 2.33 |
Low |  |  | 1.84 |  |  |  | 2.02 |  |  |  | 2.12 |  |  |  | 1.77 |
Closing |  |  | 2.13 |  |  |  | 3.30 |  |  |  | 2.24 |  |  |  | 2.01 |
2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
High |  |  | 2.50 |  |  |  | 2.70 |  |  |  | 3.30 |  |  |  | 3.30 |
Low |  |  | 2.15 |  |  |  | 1.95 |  |  |  | 2.00 |  |  |  | 2.60 |
Closing |  |  | 2.35 |  |  |  | 1.95 |  |  |  | 2.85 |  |  |  | 2.65 |

At September 27, 2020, we had 5,639 registered holders of record of our Common Stock.

Our Credit Agreement restricts us from paying dividends on our Common Stock. This restriction does not apply to dividends issued with the Company's Equity Interests or from the proceeds of a sale of the Company's Equity Interest. See Note 6 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included herein.

14

PERFORMANCE PRESENTATION

The following graph compares the percentage change in the cumulative total return of the Company, the Standard & Poor's ("S&P") 500 Stock Index, and a peer group index, in each case for the five years ended September 27, 2020 (with September 27, 2015 as the measurement point). Total return is measured by dividing (a) the sum of (i) the cumulative amount of dividends declared for the measurement period, assuming dividend reinvestment and (ii) the difference between the issuer's share price at the end and the beginning of the measurement period, by (b) the share price at the beginning of the measurement period.

Copyright© 2020 Standard & Poor's, a division of S&P Global. All rights reserved.

The value of $100 invested on September 27, 2015 in stock of the Company, the Peer Group Index and in the S&P 500 Stock Index, including reinvestment of dividends, is summarized in the table below.

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | September 27 |
(Dollars) |  | 2016 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2020 |
Lee Enterprises, Incorporated |  | 180.29 |  |  | 105.77 |  |  | 127.40 |  |  | 98.08 |  |  | 40.33 |
Peer Group Index |  | 115.89 |  |  | 155.02 |  |  | 182.29 |  |  | 193.37 |  |  | 249.98 |
S&P 500 Stock Index |  | 115.43 |  |  | 136.91 |  |  | 161.43 |  |  | 168.30 |  |  | 193.80 |

The S&P 500 Stock Index includes 500 U.S. companies in the industrial, transportation, utilities and financial sectors and is weighted by market capitalization. The Peer Group Index is comprised of six U.S. publicly traded companies with significant newspaper publishing operations (excluding the Company) and is weighted by market capitalization. The Peer Group Index includes A.H. Belo Corp., Gannett Co. Inc, The New York Times Company and Tribune Publishing Co.

15

ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

Selected financial data is as follows:

(Thousands of Dollars and Shares, Except Per Share Data) |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |
OPERATING RESULTS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating revenue |  |  | 618,004 |  |  |  | 509,854 |  |  |  | 543,955 |  |  |  | 566,943 |  |  |  | 614,364 |
Cash Costs (1) (3) |  |  | 526,648 |  |  |  | 398,815 |  |  |  | 423,766 |  |  |  | 437,767 |  |  |  | 477,857 |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 36,133 |  |  |  | 29,332 |  |  |  | 31,766 |  |  |  | 41,282 |  |  |  | 43,441 |
Assets loss (gain) on sales, impairments and other |  |  | (5,403 | ) |  |  | 2,464 |  |  |  | 6,429 |  |  |  | (1,150 | ) |  |  | (954 | )
Restructuring costs and other |  |  | 13,751 |  |  |  | 11,635 |  |  |  | 5,550 |  |  |  | 7,523 |  |  |  | 1,825 |
Equity in earnings of associated companies |  |  | 3,403 |  |  |  | 7,121 |  |  |  | 9,249 |  |  |  | 7,609 |  |  |  | 8,533 |
Operating income (3) |  |  | 50,278 |  |  |  | 74,729 |  |  |  | 85,693 |  |  |  | 89,130 |  |  |  | 100,728 |
Interest expense |  |  | (47,743 | ) |  |  | (47,488 | ) |  |  | (52,842 | ) |  |  | (57,573 | ) |  |  | (64,233 | )
Debt financing and administration costs |  |  | (11,966 | ) |  |  | (7,214 | ) |  |  | (5,311 | ) |  |  | (4,818 | ) |  |  | (5,947 | )
Gain on insurance settlement |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 30,646 |
Other, net (3) |  |  | 12,274 |  |  |  | 3,813 |  |  |  | 3,280 |  |  |  | 13,477 |  |  |  | (9,537 | )
Net income |  |  | (1,261 | ) |  |  | 15,909 |  |  |  | 47,048 |  |  |  | 28,605 |  |  |  | 36,019 |
Income attributable to Lee Enterprises, Incorporated |  |  | (3,106 | ) |  |  | 14,268 |  |  |  | 45,766 |  |  |  | 27,481 |  |  |  | 34,961 |
Earnings per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  | (0.05 | ) |  |  | 0.26 |  |  |  | 0.84 |  |  |  | 0.51 |  |  |  | 0.66 |
Diluted |  |  | (0.05 | ) |  |  | 0.25 |  |  |  | 0.82 |  |  |  | 0.50 |  |  |  | 0.64 |
Weighted average common shares: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  | 56,569 |  |  |  | 55,565 |  |  |  | 54,702 |  |  |  | 53,990 |  |  |  | 53,198 |
Diluted |  |  | 56,936 |  |  |  | 56,884 |  |  |  | 55,948 |  |  |  | 55,392 |  |  |  | 54,224 |
Adjusted EBITDA (1) |  |  | 97,171 |  |  |  | 121,488 |  |  |  | 131,929 |  |  |  | 141,191 |  |  |  | 153,787 |
Total assets |  |  | 864,057 |  |  |  | 555,202 |  |  |  | 575,411 |  |  |  | 620,850 |  |  |  | 662,855 |
Debt, including current maturities (2) |  |  | 538,290 |  |  |  | 443,627 |  |  |  | 484,859 |  |  |  | 548,385 |  |  |  | 617,167 |
Debt, net of cash and restricted cash (2) |  |  | 504,557 |  |  |  | 434,982 |  |  |  | 479,479 |  |  |  | 537,764 |  |  |  | 600,183 |
Stockholders' deficit |  |  | (31,564 | ) |  |  | (38,484 | ) |  |  | (37,354 | ) |  |  | (92,235 | ) |  |  | (128,485 | )

| (1) | Cash costs and Adjusted EBITDA are non GAAP financial measures. See Item 7.

| (2) | Principal amount of debt. See Note 6 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included herein.

| (3) | In 2019 we reclassified all components of pension expense, except services costs, from compensation to other non-operating income. See Note 1 of the Consolidated Financial Statements, included herein.

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion includes comments and analysis relating to our results of operations and financial condition as of September 27, 2020 and for 2019 and 2018. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes thereto, included herein.

NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

We use non-GAAP financial performance measures to supplement the financial information presented on a GAAP basis. These non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for the relevant GAAP measures and should be read in conjunction with information presented on a GAAP basis.

In this report, we present Adjusted EBITDA, cash costs and margin, which are non-GAAP financial performance measures that exclude from our reported GAAP results the impact of certain items consisting primarily of restructuring charges and non-cash charges. We believe such expenses, charges, and gains are not indicative of normal, ongoing operations, and their inclusion in results makes for more difficult comparisons between years and with peer group companies. In the future, however, we are likely to incur expenses, charges, and gains similar to the items for which the applicable GAAP financial measures have been adjusted and to report non-GAAP financial measures excluding such items. Accordingly, exclusion of those or similar items in our non-GAAP presentations should not be interpreted as implying the items are non-recurring, infrequent, or unusual.

We define our non-GAAP measures, which may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies, as follows:

Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial performance measure that enhances financial statement users overall understanding of the operating performance of the Company. The measure isolates unusual, infrequent or non-cash transactions from the operating performance of the business. This allows users to easily compare operating performance among various fiscal periods and how management measures the performance of the business. This measure also provides users with a benchmark that can be used when forecasting future operating performance of the Company that excludes unusual, nonrecurring or one time transactions. Adjusted EBITDA is also a component of the calculation used by stockholders and analysts to determine the value of our business when using the market approach, which applies a market multiple to financial metrics. It is also a measure used to calculate the leverage ratio of the Company, which is a key financial ratio monitored and used by the Company and its investors. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net income (loss), plus non-operating expenses, income tax expense (benefit), depreciation and amortization, assets loss (gain) on sales, impairments and other, restructuring costs and other, stock compensation and our 50% share of EBITDA from TNI and MNI, minus equity in earnings of TNI and MNI and curtailment gains.

Cash Costs represent a non-GAAP financial performance measure of operating expenses which are measured on an accrual basis and settled in cash. This measure is useful to investors in understanding the components of the Company’s cash-settled operating costs. Cash Costs can be used by financial statement users to assess the Company's ability to manage and control its operating structure. Cash Costs are defined as compensation, newsprint and ink and other operating expenses. Depreciation and amortization, assets loss (gain) on sales, impairments and other, other non-cash operating expenses and other expenses are excluded. Cash Costs also exclude restructuring costs and other, which are typically settled in cash.

Total Operating Revenue Less Cash Costs, or “margin”, represents a non-GAAP financial performance measure of revenue less total cash costs, also a non-GAAP financial measure. This measure is useful to investors in understanding the profitability of the Company after direct cash costs related to the production and delivery of products are paid. Margin is also useful in developing opinions and expectations about the Company’s ability to manage and control its operating cost structure in relation to its peers.

A table reconciling Adjusted EBITDA to net income, the most directly comparable measure under GAAP, is set forth below under the caption "Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures".

The subtotals of operating expenses representing cash costs and total operating revenue less cash costs can be found in tables in Item 7, included herein, under the caption “Continuing Operations”.

RECONCILIATION OF NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

(UNAUDITED)

The table below reconciles the non-GAAP financial performance measure of Adjusted EBITDA to net income, the most directly comparable GAAP measure:

(Thousands of Dollars) |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Net Income |  |  | (1,261 | ) |  |  | 15,909 |  |  |  | 47,048 |
Adjusted to exclude |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income tax expense (benefit) |  |  | 4,104 |  |  |  | 7,931 |  |  |  | (16,228 | )
Non-operating expenses, net |  |  | 47,435 |  |  |  | 50,889 |  |  |  | 54,873 |
Equity in earnings of TNI and MNI |  |  | (3,403 | ) |  |  | (7,121 | ) |  |  | (9,249 | )
Assets (gain) loss on sales, impairments and other |  |  | (5,403 | ) |  |  | 2,464 |  |  |  | 6,429 |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 36,133 |  |  |  | 29,332 |  |  |  | 31,766 |
Restructuring costs and other |  |  | 13,751 |  |  |  | 11,635 |  |  |  | 5,550 |
Stock compensation |  |  | 1,051 |  |  |  | 1,638 |  |  |  | 1,857 |
Add: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ownership share of TNI and MNI EBITDA (50%) |  |  | 4,764 |  |  |  | 8,811 |  |  |  | 9,883 |
Adjusted EBITDA |  |  | 97,171 |  |  |  | 121,488 |  |  |  | 131,929 |

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CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions about future events that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. We believe the following discussion addresses our most critical accounting policies, which are those that are important to the presentation of our financial condition and results of operations and require management's most subjective and complex judgments.

Intangible Assets, Other Than Goodwill

Local mastheads (e.g., publishing periodical titles and web site domain names) are not subject to amortization. Non-amortized intangible assets are tested for impairment annually on the first day of the fourth fiscal quarter or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances suggest the asset might be impaired.

The quantitative impairment test consists of comparing the fair value of each masthead or domain name with its carrying amount. We use a relief from royalty approach which utilizes a discounted cash flow model to determine the fair value of each masthead, domain name, or trade name. Management's judgments and estimates of future operating results in determining the intangibles fair values are consistently applied to each underlying business in determining the fair value of each intangible asset. In 2020, we recognized impairment charges of $972,000. No impairment was recorded in 2019 or 2018. Of our various mastheads, several have fair values that have little headroom over their carrying value and could experience impairment in the future if we do not achieve our revenue projections.

Our amortizable intangible assets consist mainly of customer relationships including subscriber lists and advertiser relationships. These asset values are amortized systematically over their estimated useful lives. Intangible assets subject to amortization are tested for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. The carrying amount of each asset group is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of such asset group. There were no indicators of impairment on intangible assets subject to amortization in 2020, 2019 or 2018.

Future decreases in our market value, or significant differences in revenue, expenses or cash flows from estimates used to determine fair value, could result in additional impairment charges in the future.

Pension, Postretirement and Postemployment Benefit Plans

We, along with our subsidiaries, have various defined benefit retirement plans, postretirement plans and postemployment plans, under which substantially all of the benefits have been frozen in previous years.

We account for our pension, postretirement and postemployment plans in accordance with the applicable accounting guidance, which requires us to include the funded status of our pension plans in our balance sheets and to recognize, as a component of other comprehensive income (loss), the gains or losses that arise during the period but are not recognized in pension expense. The service cost component of net period benefit cost is reported on the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income and included in Compensation while all other components are included in other non-operating income/expense.

The determination of pension and postretirement plan obligations and expense is based on a number of actuarial assumptions. Two critical assumptions are the discount rates applied to pension and postretirement plan obligations and the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets.

The discount rate assumption is based on investment yields available at year-end on corporate bonds rated AA and above with a maturity to match the expected benefit payment stream. To determine the expected long-term rate of return on pension plan assets, we consider the current and expected asset allocations, as well as historical and expected returns on various categories of plan assets, input from the actuaries and investment consultants and long- term inflation assumptions. We used an assumption of 6.0% for 2020 for our expected return on pension plan assets and a 4.5% for 2020 for our postretirement and postemployment benefits.

The following table illustrates the sensitivity to a 50 basis point change in:

|  | Effect on 2020 Pension |  |  | Effect on September 27, 2020 |
|  | Expense |  |  | Liability |
Pension discount rate(1) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 24,734,000 |
Postretirement and postemployment benefits discount rate(1) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,800,000 |
Pension expected rate of return on assets |  | $ | 1,142,000 |  |  | $ | — |
Postretirement and postemployment benefits expected rate of return on assets |  | $ | 126,000 |  |  | $ | — |

| (1) | Legacy Lee, defined as "the operating assets and results of operations of the Company prior to the Closing Date of BH Media and Buffalo News" Pension and Other Postretirement Plans have been frozen as of September 29, 2019.

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Income Taxes

We are subject to income taxes in the U.S. and record our tax provision for the anticipated tax consequences in our reported results of operations. Tax laws are complex and subject to different interpretations by the taxpayer and respective government taxing authorities. Significant management judgment is required in determining our provision for income taxes, deferred tax assets and liabilities, and the valuation allowance recorded against our net deferred tax assets, if any.

Our current and deferred income tax provisions are calculated based on estimates and assumptions that could differ from the actual results reflected in income tax returns filed during the subsequent year. These estimates are reviewed and adjusted, if needed, throughout the year. Adjustments between our estimates and the actual results of filed returns are recorded when identified.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using currently enacted tax rates. Deferred income tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences and loss carryforwards and deferred income tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Temporary differences are the difference between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax basis. Deferred income tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in our opinion, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred income tax assets will not be realized. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment.

We recognize the effect of income tax positions only if those positions are more likely than not of being sustained. Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs. We record interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense.

Business Combinations

Accounting for business combinations requires us to make significant estimates and assumptions, especially at the acquisition date, with respect to tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed. We use our best estimates and assumptions to accurately assign fair value to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date as well as the useful lives of those acquired intangible assets. The Company prepared its initial estimates of the fair values of intangible assets utilizing the multi-period excess earnings method for customer-related intangible assets and the relief from royalty method for indefinite lived masthead assets. Examples of critical estimates in valuing certain of the intangible assets and goodwill we have acquired include but are not limited to:

| • | future expected cash flows from subscription, advertising and commercial print relationships and related assumptions about future revenue growth and customer retention;

| • | discount rates; and
| • | royalty rates used to value acquired mastheads.

Additional information regarding our accounting for business combinations can be found in Note 1.

IMPACT OF RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

In June 2016, the FASB issued a new standard to replace the incurred loss impairment methodology under current GAAP with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a wider array of reasonable and supportable information to inform and develop credit loss estimates. We will be required to use a forward-looking expected credit loss model for both accounts receivables and other financial instruments. The new standard will be adopted beginning September 28, 2020 using a modified retrospective approach through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the effective date to align our credit loss methodology with the new standard. We are still evaluating the impact of this standard.

CERTAIN MATTERS AFFECTING CURRENT AND FUTURE OPERATING RESULTS

The following items affect period-over-period comparisons from 2020 to 2019 and will continue to affect period-over-period comparisons for future results.

Acquisitions and Divestitures

| • | In March 2020, we completed the acquisition of BH Media and Buffalo News for a purchase price of $140,000,000. The acquisition was funded by a 25-year Term Loan with BH Finance, in an aggregate principal amount of $576,000,000 at a 9% annual rate (referred to herein as "Credit Agreement" and "Term Loan"), as part of a broader comprehensive refinancing of all of our then outstanding debt.

| • | In the 13 weeks ended March 2020, we disposed of substantially all of the assets of certain of our smaller properties, including four daily newspapers and related print and digital publications, for an aggregate sales price of $3,950,000.

Impacts of COVID-19

With the outbreak of COVID-19 and the declaration of a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020, governments implemented a combination of shelter-in-place orders and other recommendations severely limiting or restricting economic activity in our local markets. Certain aspects of our operating results have experienced lower revenue and profitability over the last several years and these trends are expected to continue in the future; however, the pandemic and government restrictions caused significant and immediate declines in demand for certain of our products and services, and ultimately in advertising revenue.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had and the Company expects that it will continue to have a significant negative impact, in the near term, on the Company's business and operating results. The long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic will depend on the length, severity and recurrence of the pandemic, the availability of antiviral medications and vaccinations, the duration and extent of government actions designed to combat the pandemic, as well as changes in consumer behavior, all of which are highly uncertain. Despite the significant negative impacts on our operating results, we have operated uninterrupted in providing local news, information and advertising in our print and digital editions.

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In combination with our acquisition integration, ongoing business transformation and addressing the continued effects of COVID-19 on our operating results, we continued to implement measures to solidify our relationship with our local advertisers, reduce our cost structure and preserve liquidity, and as a result expect to achieve $100 million in cost reductions from December 2019 through September 2021. These reductions will be achieved by centralizing certain business functions and systems and reducing duplicate cost structures across the combined organization. The Company believes these initiatives will allow us to meet our commitments; however, they may not be sufficient to fully offset the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company's business and results of operations.

CONTINUING OPERATIONS

Operating results, as reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements, are summarized below:

(Thousands of Dollars and Shares, Except Per Share Data) |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | Percent Change |  |  | 2018 |  |  | Percent Change |
Advertising and marketing services revenue |  |  | 289,655 |  |  |  | 265,933 |  |  |  | 8.9 |  |  |  | 303,446 |  |  |  | (12.4 | )
Subscription |  |  | 265,939 |  |  |  | 186,691 |  |  |  | 42.4 |  |  |  | 195,108 |  |  |  | (4.3 | )
Other |  |  | 62,410 |  |  |  | 57,230 |  |  |  | 9.1 |  |  |  | 45,401 |  |  |  | 26.1 |
Total operating revenue |  |  | 618,004 |  |  |  | 509,854 |  |  |  | 21.2 |  |  |  | 543,955 |  |  |  | (6.3 | )
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Compensation |  |  | 243,023 |  |  |  | 182,869 |  |  |  | 32.9 |  |  |  | 199,164 |  |  |  | (8.2 | )
Newsprint and ink |  |  | 24,243 |  |  |  | 22,237 |  |  |  | 9.0 |  |  |  | 24,949 |  |  |  | (10.9 | )
Other operating expenses |  |  | 259,382 |  |  |  | 193,709 |  |  |  | 33.9 |  |  |  | 199,653 |  |  |  | (3.0 | )
Cash costs |  |  | 526,648 |  |  |  | 398,815 |  |  |  | 32.1 |  |  |  | 423,766 |  |  |  | (5.9 | )
Total operating revenue less cash costs |  |  | 91,356 |  |  |  | 111,039 |  |  |  | (17.7 | ) |  |  | 120,189 |  |  |  | (7.6 | )
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 36,133 |  |  |  | 29,332 |  |  |  | 23.2 |  |  |  | 31,766 |  |  |  | (7.7 | )
Assets (gain) loss on sales, impairments and other |  |  | (5,403 | ) |  |  | 2,464 |  |  |  | NM |  |  |  | 6,429 |  |  |  | (61.7 | )
Restructuring costs and other |  |  | 13,751 |  |  |  | 11,635 |  |  |  | 18.2 |  |  |  | 5,550 |  |  |  | NM |
Operating expenses |  |  | 571,129 |  |  |  | 442,246 |  |  |  | 29.1 |  |  |  | 467,511 |  |  |  | (5.4 | )
Equity in earnings of associated companies |  |  | 3,403 |  |  |  | 7,121 |  |  |  | (52.2 | ) |  |  | 9,249 |  |  |  | (23.0 | )
Operating income |  |  | 50,278 |  |  |  | 74,729 |  |  |  | (32.7 | ) |  |  | 85,693 |  |  |  | (12.8 | )
Non-operating income (expense): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense |  |  | (47,743 | ) |  |  | (47,488 | ) |  |  | 0.5 |  |  |  | (52,842 | ) |  |  | (10.1 | )
Debt financing and administrative cost |  |  | (11,966 | ) |  |  | (7,214 | ) |  |  | 65.9 |  |  |  | (5,311 | ) |  |  | 35.8 |
Other, net |  |  | 12,274 |  |  |  | 3,813 |  |  |  | NM |  |  |  | 3,280 |  |  |  | 16.3 |
Non-operating expenses, net |  |  | (47,435 | ) |  |  | (50,889 | ) |  |  | (6.8 | ) |  |  | (54,873 | ) |  |  | (7.3 | )
Income before income taxes |  |  | 2,843 |  |  |  | 23,840 |  |  |  | (88.1 | ) |  |  | 30,820 |  |  |  | (22.6 | )
Income tax (benefit) expense |  |  | 4,104 |  |  |  | 7,931 |  |  |  | (48.3 | ) |  |  | (16,228 | ) |  |  | NM |
Net (loss) income |  |  | (1,261 | ) |  |  | 15,909 |  |  |  | NM |  |  |  | 47,048 |  |  |  | (66.2 | )
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests |  |  | (1,845 | ) |  |  | (1,641 | ) |  |  | 12.4 |  |  |  | (1,282 | ) |  |  | 28.0 |
(Loss) income attributable to Lee Enterprises, Incorporated |  |  | (3,106 | ) |  |  | 14,268 |  |  |  | NM |  |  |  | 45,766 |  |  |  | (68.8 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes |  |  | 9,064 |  |  |  | (17,368 | ) |  |  | NM |  |  |  | 4,322 |  |  |  | NM |
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Lee Enterprises, Incorporated |  |  | 5,958 |  |  |  | (3,100 | ) |  |  | NM |  |  |  | 50,088 |  |  |  | NM |
Earnings per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  | (0.05 | ) |  |  | 0.26 |  |  |  | NM |  |  |  | 0.84 |  |  |  | (69.3 | )
Diluted |  |  | (0.05 | ) |  |  | 0.25 |  |  |  | NM |  |  |  | 0.82 |  |  |  | (69.5 | )

Due to our fiscal calendar, 2020 and 2019 were each comprised of 52 weeks, while 2018 was comprised of 53 weeks. Additionally, we acquired or disposed of certain properties in each of 2020, 2019 and 2018.

OPERATING REVENUE

Revenue Comparison 2020-2019

Total operating revenue totaled $618,004,000 in 2020, up $108,150,000, or 21.2%, compared to 2019. Total operating revenue increased primarily due to acquired revenue of $203,039,000.

Advertising and marketing services revenue was $289,655,000 in 2020, up 8.9% compared to the prior year, including $82,246,000 from acquired Advertising and marketing services revenue. Local and national retail Advertising revenue was $211,701,000, up 6,677,000 from 2019. The increase is due to $56,863,000 of acquired local and national revenue. Classifieds revenue was $75,754,000, up $14,845,000 from 2019. The increase is due to acquired classified revenue of $25,267,000. Digital advertising and marketing services totaled $106,491,000 in 2020 and represented 36.8% of 2020 total advertising and marketing services revenue, partially offsetting print declines. The increase in all categories of advertising were partially offset by the continued downward trend in print advertising demand and the impacts of COVID-19.

Subscription revenue totaled $265,939,000 in 2020, or up 42.4%, the increase is due to acquired revenue of $104,499,000, offset by lower paid print circulation units, consistent with industry trends and timing of price increases. As of September 2020, we now have 244,000 digital-only subscribers, in which 92,000 were acquired as part of the Transactions.

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Other revenue, which primarily consist of digital services from TownNews, commercial printing revenue and until March 16, 2020, revenue from the Management Agreement, totaled $62,410,000, a 9.1% increase compared to 2019. Other revenue in 2020 included $16,270,000 of acquired revenue, primarily from commercial printing. Investments in video and streaming technology expanded product offerings that helped gain market share in publishing and broadcast, and increased revenue.

On a stand-alone basis, revenue at TownNews totaled $25,048,000, an increase of 10.7%. Investments in video and streaming technology increased product offerings that helped gain market share in publishing and broadcast.

Total digital revenue including digital advertising revenue, digital subscription revenue and digital services revenue totaled $164,259,000 in 2020, an increase of 13.6% over 2019, and represented 26.6% of our total operating revenue in 2020. The increase was due to acquired digital revenue of $21,927,000.

Equity in earnings of TNI and MNI decreased $3,718,000 in 2020.

Revenue Comparison 2019-2018

Total operating revenue was $509,854,000 in 2019 or down 6.3%, attributed to continued softness in the demand for print advertising, increases in digital revenue especially TownNews helped offset the declines.

Advertising and marketing services revenue was $265,933,000 in 2019, down 12.4%. The decline is due to reduced print advertising demand, specifically among national retailers, big box stores and classifieds consistent with general trends adversely affecting the publishing industry. Digital advertising and marketing services totaled $100,007,000 in 2019 and represented 37.6% of 2019 total advertising and marketing services revenue, partially offsetting print declines.

Subscription revenue totaled $186,691,000 in 2019, or down 4.3% 2019. The decrease is attributed to volume declines in full access subscriptions reflecting general industry trends, partially offset by strategic pricing initiatives due to our premium content and a 79.1% increase in digital-only subscribers. As of September 2019, we had 91,000 digital only subscribers.

Other revenue increased $11,829,000, or 26.1%, in 2019. Management agreement revenue totaled $12,589,000 in 2019 compared to $1,331,000 in 2018 due to a full year under the agreement with BHMG (as defined above). Digital services revenue, which is predominately TownNews, increased 20.3%, in 2019 due to product expansion and market share gains. The increases were partially offset by revenue declines in commercial printing and third party delivery due to a reduction in print volume.

On a stand-alone basis, revenue at TownNews totaled $22,627,000, an increase of 20.1%, excluding the 53rd week of operations in 2018. Investments in video and streaming technology increased product offerings that helped gain market share in publishing and broadcast. Excluding intercompany activity, revenue at TownNews increased 24% in 2019.

Total digital revenue including digital advertising revenue, digital subscription revenue and digital services revenue totaled $144,646,000 in 2019, an increase of 4.0% over 2018, and represented 28.4% of our total operating revenue in 2019.

Equity in earnings of TNI and MNI decreased $2,128,000 in 2019.

OPERATING EXPENSES

Operating Expense Comparison 2020-2019

Total operating expenses were $571,128,000, a 29.1% increase compared to 2019, which included $193,805,000 in operating expenses from acquisitions. Cash costs were $526,647,000 a 32.1% increase compared to 2019, which included $176,763,000 of acquired Cash Costs.

Compensation expense increased $60,154,000 in 2020, or a 32.9% increase compared to 2019. This increase was attributable to $86,121,000 of acquired compensation expense, partially offset by expense and FTE reductions tied to business transformation projects. In response to the COVID-19 outbreak, we issued furloughs or compensation reductions for all employees resulting in a temporary $10,000,000 reduction in operating expenses.

Newsprint and ink costs increased $2,006,000 in 2020, or a 9% increase compared to 2019. This increase is attributable to acquired newsprint and ink expenses of $10,643,000, offset by declines in newsprint volume and prices and outsourcing of our printing. See Item 7A, “Commodities”, included herein, for further discussion and analysis of the impact of newsprint on our business.

Other operating expenses increased $65,672,000 in 2020, or a 33.9% increase compared to 2019. Other operating expenses include all operating costs not considered to be compensation, newsprint, depreciation and amortization, or restructuring costs and other. The largest components are costs associated with printing and distribution of our printed products, digital cost of goods sold and facility expenses. The increase is attributable to $79,948,000 of acquired other operating expenses and increases in digital investments, partially offset by lower delivery and other print-related costs due to lower volumes of our print editions.

Restructuring costs and other totaled $13,751,000 and $11,635,000 in 2020 and 2019, respectively. In 2020 and 2019, restructuring costs and other include an estimate of costs related to withdrawals from certain of our multiemployer pension plans totaling $4,400,000 and $3,836,010, respectively. The remaining restructuring costs in 2020 and 2019 are predominately severance.

Depreciation expense increased $2,890,000, or 23.1%, in 2020. Amortization expense increased $3,911,000, or 23.2%, in 2020.

Assets loss (gain) on sales, impairments and other was a net gain of $5,403,000 in 2020 compared to net expense of $2,464,000 in 2019.

The factors noted above resulted in operating income of $50,278,000 in 2020 compared to $74,729,000 in 2019.

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Operating Expense Comparison 2019-2018

Operating expenses decreased $25,265,000, or 5.4%, in 2019 due to business transformation projects, outsourcing of certain production operations and reductions in legacy print expenses. The 53rd week of operations added $6,875,000 of operating expenses in 2018. Cash costs decreased 5.9% compared to 2018.

Compensation expense was down $16,295,000, or 8.2%, due to a 10.9% reduction in FTE's with compensation increases offsetting the declines in headcount. Business transformation projects and outsourcing helped drive efficiencies and reduced headcount and compensation expense.

Newsprint and ink costs were down $2,712,000, or 10.9%, attributed to a same property basis decrease of 8.9%, due to a 12.3% reduction in newsprint volume from print volume declines partially offset by higher average prices. Average newsprint prices increased the first half of 2019 and declined the second half end the year with prices ending 2019 at their lowest levels. See Item 7A, "Commodities", included herein, for further discussion and analysis of the impact of newsprint on our business.

Other operating expenses were down $5,944,000, or 3.0%, due to a same property basis decrease of 3.7%. The largest components are costs associated with printing and distribution of our printed products, digital cost of goods sold and facility expenses. Cost reductions were primarily related to lower delivery and other print-related costs due to lower volumes of our print editions, offset in part by costs associated with growing digital revenue.

Restructuring costs and other totaled $11,635,000 and $5,550,000 in 2019 and 2018, respectively. In 2019, restructuring costs and other include an estimate of costs related to withdrawals from certain multiemployer plans totaling $3,386,010. The remaining restructuring costs in 2019 and 2018 are predominately severance.

Depreciation expense decreased $2,049,000, or 14.1% in 2019. Amortization expense decreased $385,000, or 2.2%, in 2019.

Assets loss (gain) on sales, impairments and other was a net expense of $2,464,000 in 2019 compared to $6,429,000 in 2018. We recognized a $2,464,000 loss on sale of assets in 2019 compared to an $8,193,000 loss in 2018. We recorded $267,000 of non-cash impairment charges in 2018, and also in 2018, we recognized curtailment gains of $2,031,000 from the elimination of an unfunded employee benefit plan.

The factors noted above resulted in operating income of $74,729,000 in 2019 compared to $85,693,000 in 2018.

NON-OPERATING INCOME AND EXPENSES

Non-operating Income and Expense Comparison 2020-2019

Interest expense increased $255,000, or 0.5%, to $47,743,000 in 2020 due to additional debt related to the 2020 acquisition. Our weighted average cost of debt, excluding amortization of debt financing cost, was 9.0% in 2020 and 10% in 2019. The reduction of the weighted average cost of debt is due to the 2020 Refinancing. We recognized $11,966,000 of debt financing and administrative costs in 2020 compared to $7,214,000 in 2019. The majority of costs represent accelerated amortization of refinancing costs paid in 2014.

Included in other non-operating income and expense is income related to our defined benefit pension plans and other post-employment benefit plans, which totaled $3,830,000 and $2,847,000 in 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Other non-operating income/expense also includes a $7,600,000 realized gain on the sale of a private equity investment and a fair value adjustment related to the Warrants. As more fully discussed in Note 6 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, included herein, we recorded a liability for the Warrants, issued in connection with the Warrant Agreement. We re-measure the liability to fair value each reporting period, with changes reported in other non-operating income (expenses). Due to the fluctuation in the price of our Common Stock and changes in interest rates, the estimated fair value of the warrant liability can change each period. We recorded non-operating income of $832,000 and $612,000 in 2020 and 2019 respectively, due to the change in fair value of the Warrants.

Non-operating Income and Expense Comparison 2019-2018

Interest expense decreased $5,354,000, or 10.1%, to $47,488,000 in 2019 due to lower debt balances. Our weighted average cost of debt, excluding amortization of debt financing cost, was 10% in 2019 and 2018.

We recognized $7,214,000 of debt financing and administrative costs in 2019 compared to $5,311,000 in 2018. The majority of costs represent amortization of refinancing costs paid in 2014, as well as an adjustment of $1,309,000 as discussed in Note 6 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, included herein.

Included in other non-operating income and expense is income related to our defined benefit pension plans and other post-retirement benefit plans, which totaled $2,847,000 and $2,830,000 in 2019 and 2018, respectively.

As more fully discussed in Note 6 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, included herein, we recorded a liability for the Warrants, issued in connection with the Warrant Agreement. We re-measure the liability to fair value each reporting period, with changes reported in other non-operating income (expenses). Due to the fluctuation in the price of our Common Stock, and changes in interest rates, the estimated fair value of the warrant liability can change each period. We recorded non-operating income of $612,000 in 2019 and non-operating expense of $226,000, in 2018, due to the change in fair value of the Warrants.

22

INCOME TAX EXPENSES

On December 22, 2017, comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (2017 Tax Act) was signed into law. Among other provisions, the 2017 Tax Act reduces the federal statutory corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%. The reduction of the corporate tax rate caused us to re-measure our deferred tax assets and liabilities to the lower federal base rate of 21%. We reported a discrete adjustment from revaluing our deferred tax assets and liabilities resulting in a net decrease in income tax expense of $24,872,000 for the 53 weeks ended September 30, 2018.

In 2020, we recorded income tax expense of $4,103,000, or 144.3% of pretax income and in 2019, we recorded an income tax expense of $7,931,000, or 33.3% of pretax income. In 2018, we recorded an income tax benefit of $16,228,000, or 52.7% of pre-tax income. Excluding the impact from the 2017 Tax Act, the effective income tax rate for 2018 was 28.0%. See Note 12 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, included herein, for a discussion of the difference between the expected federal income tax rate and the actual tax rates.

NET INCOME AND EARNINGS PER SHARE

Net loss was $1.3 million in 2020 compared to net income of $15.9 million in 2019. The decrease in net income is predominately due to a reduction in operating income. In 2018, net income was $47.1 million. Net income in 2018 was also impacted by the 2017 Tax Act.

Diluted loss per share was $0.05 per share in 2020 compared to Diluted earnings per share of $0.25 per share in 2019. In 2018, diluted earnings per share were $0.82 per share.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Our operations have historically generated strong positive cash flow are expected to provide sufficient liquidity, together with cash on hand, to meet our requirements, primarily operating expenses, interest expense and capital expenditures. A summary of our cash flows is included in the narrative below.

Operating Activities

Cash provided by operating activities totaled $49,869,000 in 2020 compared to $57,676,000 in 2019 due to a net loss of $1,261,000 in 2020 compared net income of $15,909,000 in 2019. The decline in net income is primarily the result of continued softening of the print advertising environment.

Cash provided by operating activities totaled $57,676,000 in 2019 compared to $59,296,000 in 2018 due to a decline in net income to $15,909,000 in 2019 from $22,176,000 in 2018, after adjusting for the 2018 Tax Act impact of $24,872,000. The decline in net income is primarily a result of the continued softening of the print advertising environment.

Pension liabilities, net of plan assets, totaled $71,509,000 as of September 27, 2020. Contributions to pension plans totaled $6,131,000 in 2020. Contributions to pension plans are expected to total $3,190,000 in 2021.

Investing Activities

Cash required for investing activities totaled $118,176,000 in 2020 and $10,933,000 in 2019. Capital spending totaled $8,096,000 and $5,901,000 in 2020 and 2019, respectively. Proceeds from sales of assets totaled $21,710,000 and $1,501,000 in 2020 and 2019, respectively. 2020 and 2019 included $130,985,000 and 6,543,000, respectively, in spending related to acquisitions.

Cash required for investing activities totaled $10,933,000 in 2019 and $72,000 in 2018. Capital spending totaled $5,901,000 and $6,025,000 in 2019 and 2018, respectively. Proceeds from sales of assets totaled $1,501,000 in 2019 and $6,623,000 in 2018, respectively.

We anticipate that funds necessary for capital expenditures, which are expected to be $9,600,000 in 2021, and other requirements, will be available from internally generated funds.

Financing Activities

Cash required for financing activities totaled $43,478,000 in 2019 and $64,465,000 in 2018, while cash provided by financing activities totaled $93,395,000 in 2020. Debt reduction accounted for the majority of the usage of funds in 2019 and 2018, while proceeds from the 2020 Refinancing accounted for the funds provided in the 2020 period.

Debt is summarized as follows:

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Interest Rates (%) |
|  | September 27 |  |  | September 29 |  |  | September 27 |
(Thousands of Dollars) |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2020 |
Term Loan |  |  | 538,290 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 9.00 |
Revolving Facility |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
1st Lien Term Loan |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Notes |  |  | — |  |  |  | 363,420 |  |  |  | — |
2nd Lien Term Loan |  |  | — |  |  |  | 80,207 |  |  |  | — |
|  |  | 538,290 |  |  |  | 443,627 |  |  |  |  |
Unamortized debt issue costs |  |  | — |  |  |  | (11,282 | ) |  |  |  |
Less current maturities of long-term debt |  |  | 13,733 |  |  |  | 2,954 |  |  |  |  |
Total long-term debt |  |  | 524,557 |  |  |  | 429,391 |  |  |  |  |

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At September 27, 2020, our weighted average cost of debt, excluding amortization of debt financing costs, is 9.0%.

Excluding payments required from the Company's future excess cash flow (as defined in the Credit Agreement), the only required principal payments include payments from net cash proceeds from asset sales (as defined in the Credit Agreement) and payments upon certain instances of change in control. Current maturities of long-term debt shown above are from excess cash flows. There are no other scheduled mandatory principal payments required under the Credit Agreement.

Liquidity

Pursuant to the terms of the Credit Agreement, our new debt does not include a revolver.

Our liquidity, consisting of cash on the balance sheet, totals $33,733,000 at September 27, 2020. This liquidity amount excludes any future cash flows. Including current maturities of long-term debt of $13,733,000, our liquidity, consisting of cash on the balance sheet is $20,000,000. We expect all interest and principal payments due in the next twelve months will be satisfied by existing cash and our cash flows, which will allow us to maintain an adequate level of liquidity.

The Warrants, as defined in Note 6, if and when exercised, would provide additional liquidity in an amount up to $25,140,000, which is not considered in the calculation of Excess Cash Flow.

At September 27, 2020, the principal amount of our outstanding debt totals $538,290,000. For the last twelve months ending September 27, 2020, the principal amount of our debt, net of cash, is 4.15 times our Pro-forma Adjusted EBITDA.

The 2020 Refinancing as defined in Note 6 significantly extended our debt maturity profile with final maturity of our debt in 2045.

In February 2020 our filing of a replacement Form S-3 registration statement ("Shelf") with the SEC was declared effective and expires February 2023. The Shelf registration gives us the flexibility to issue and publicly distribute various types of securities, including preferred stock, common stock, warrants, secured or unsecured debt securities, purchase contracts and units consisting of any combination of such securities, from time to time, in one or more offerings, up to an aggregate amount of $750,000,000. SEC issuer eligibility rules require us to have a public float of at least $75,000,000 in order to use the Shelf. As of September 27, 2020, we are not in a position to use our Shelf.

Other Matters

Cash and cash equivalents increased $25,088,000 in 2020, increased $3,265,000 in 2019 and decreased $5,241,000 in 2018.

SEASONALITY

Our largest source of publishing revenue, retail advertising, is seasonal and tends to fluctuate with retail sales in markets served. Historically, retail advertising is higher in the December and June quarters. Advertising and marketing services revenue is lowest in the March quarter.

Quarterly results of operations are summarized in Note 19 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included herein.

INFLATION

Price increases (or decreases) for our products are implemented when deemed appropriate by us. We continuously evaluate price increases, productivity improvements, sourcing efficiencies and other cost reductions to mitigate the impact of inflation.

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CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS

The following table summarizes our significant contractual obligations at September 27, 2020:

(Thousands of Dollars) |  | Payments (or Commitments) Due (Years) |
|  |  |  |  |  | Less |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | More |
Nature of Obligation |  | Total |  |  | Than 1 |  |  |  | 1-3 |  |  |  | 3-5 |  |  | Than 5 |
Debt (Principal Amount) (1) |  |  | 538,290 |  |  |  | 13,733 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 524,557 |
Interest expense (2)(3) |  |  | 1,204,013 |  |  |  | 47,365 |  |  |  | 141,630 |  |  |  | 141,630 |  |  |  | 873,387 |
Operating lease obligations |  |  | 99,444 |  |  |  | 14,436 |  |  |  | 23,316 |  |  |  | 20,302 |  |  |  | 41,390 |
Capital expenditure commitments |  |  | 2,050 |  |  |  | 2,050 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
|  |  | 1,843,797 |  |  |  | 77,584 |  |  |  | 164,946 |  |  |  | 161,932 |  |  |  | 1,439,334 |

| (1) | Maturities of long-term debt are limited to mandatory payments. See Note 6 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, included herein.
| (2) | Interest expense includes an estimate of interest expense for the Term Note, until its maturity in March 2045. Interest expense under the Term Note is estimated using the 9.0% contractual rate applied to the outstanding balance as reduced by future contractual maturities of such debt. See Note 6 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included herein.
| (3) | Interest expense excludes non-cash present value adjustments and amortization of debt financing costs previously paid. See Note 6 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included herein.

The table above excludes future cash requirements for pension, postretirement and postemployment obligations. The periods in which these obligations will be settled in cash are not readily determinable and are subject to numerous future events and assumptions. See Notes 7 and 8 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, included herein.

The contractual obligations above exclude unrecognized tax benefits to be recorded in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes. We are unable to reasonably estimate the ultimate amount or timing of cash settlements with the respective taxing authorities for such matters. A substantial amount of our deferred income tax liabilities will not result in future cash payments. See Note 12 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, included herein.

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We are exposed to market risk stemming from changes in interest rates and commodity prices. Changes in these factors could cause fluctuations in earnings and cash flows. In the normal course of business, exposure to certain of these market risks is managed as described below.

INTEREST RATES ON DEBT

Our debt structure is entirely fixed rate as of September 27, 2020.

COMMODITIES

Newsprint prices continued to decline across the fiscal year due to declining structural demand trends and the COVID-19 impact on our industry and advertising. North American newsprint producer's efforts to reduce production capacity to prevent price erosion have not kept up with the declining demand trends. Favorable exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the Canadian dollar has shifted the majority of newsprint production to Canadian locations leaving only three producers located in the U.S.

Our long term supply strategy continues to align and concentrate the Company purchases with those cost effective suppliers most likely to continue producing and supplying newsprint to the North American market. Where possible the Company will align supply with the lowest cost material.

A $10 per tonne price increase for 27.7 pound newsprint would result in an annualized reduction in income before taxes of approximately $518,000 based on anticipated consumption in 2021, excluding consumption of TNI and MNI and the impact of LIFO accounting.

SENSITIVITY TO CHANGES IN VALUE

Our fixed rate debt consists of $538,290,000 principal amount of the Term Loan recorded at carrying value. At September 27, 2020, based on market quotations, the fair value is approximately equal to carrying value.

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

Information with respect to this Item is included herein under the caption “Consolidated Financial Statements”.

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS

ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

Information with respect to this Item is included in our Proxy Statement to be filed in January 2021, which is incorporated herein by reference, under the caption “Relationship with Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm”.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

EVALUATION OF DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Under the supervision and with the participation of our senior management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, as of September 27, 2020, the end of the period covered by this Annual Report (the “Evaluation Date”). Based on this evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded as of the Evaluation Date that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective such that the information relating to the Company, including our consolidated subsidiaries, required to be disclosed in our SEC reports (i) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and (ii) is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

MANAGEMENT'S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

The Company's management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act. Any internal control system, no matter how well designed, has inherent limitations and may not prevent or detect misstatements. Accordingly, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation.

Under the supervision and with the participation of our senior management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, we assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of the Evaluation Date, using the criteria set forth in the Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment, management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting is effective as of the Evaluation Date.

During 2020, the Company completed the acquisitions of the assets of BH Media Group, Inc. and the stock of The Buffalo News, Inc.. Management excluded from its assessment of the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of September 27, 2020, BH Media Group, Inc. and The Buffalo News, Inc.'s internal control over financial reporting associated with 38.4% of total assets and 32.5% of total revenues included in the consolidated financial statements of the Company as of and for the year ended September 27, 2020.

Our independent registered public accounting firm, KPMG LLP, has issued a report on the Company's internal control over financial reporting. KPMG’s report on the audit of internal control over financial reporting appears in this Annual Report.

CHANGES IN INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

On March 16, 2020, we concluded the Transactions. The internal controls related to the acquired businesses have not been considered in our assessment over internal control over financial reporting. Other than the Transactions, there have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the 52 weeks ended September 27, 2020 that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Stockholders and Board of Directors
Lee Enterprises, Incorporated:

Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

We have audited Lee Enterprises, Incorporated and subsidiaries' (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of September 27, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of September 27, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of September 27, 2020 and September 29, 2019, the related consolidated statements of income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss), stockholders’ equity (deficit), and cash flows for the 52-week period ended September 27, 2020, the 52-week period ended September 29, 2019, and the 53-week period ended September 30, 2018, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements), and our report dated December 11, 2020, expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.

The Company acquired certain assets and assumed certain liabilities of the BH Media Group, Inc. and the stock of The Buffalo News, Inc. during the 52-week period ended September 27, 2020, and management excluded from its assessment of the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of September 27, 2020, BH Media Group, Inc. and The Buffalo News, Inc.'s internal control over financial reporting associated with 38.4% of total assets and 32.5% of total revenues included in the consolidated financial statements of the Company as of and for the 52-week period ended September 27, 2020.

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ KPMG LLP

Chicago, Illinois

December 11, 2020

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

PART III

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Information with respect to this Item, except for certain information related to our executive officers included under the caption “Executive Team” in Part I of this Annual Report, is included in our Proxy Statement to be filed in January 2021, which is incorporated herein by reference, under the captions “Proposal 1 - Election of Directors” and “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance”. Our executive officers are those elected officers whose names and certain information are set forth under the caption “Executive Team” in Part 1 of this Annual Report.

We have a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics ("Code") that applies to all of our employees, including our principal executive officer, and principal financial and accounting officer. The Code is monitored by the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors and is annually affirmed by our directors and executive officers. We maintain a corporate governance page on our website which includes the Code. The corporate governance page can be found at www.lee.net by clicking on “Governance” under the "About" tab. A copy of the Code will also be provided without charge to any stockholder who requests it. Any future amendment to, or waiver granted by us from, a provision of the Code will be posted on our website.

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Information with respect to this Item is included in our Proxy Statement to be filed in January 2021, which is incorporated herein by reference, under the captions, “Compensation of Non-Employee Directors”, “Executive Compensation” and “Compensation Discussion and Analysis”; provided, however, that the subsection entitled “Executive Compensation - Executive Compensation Committee Report” shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference.

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT

AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

Information with respect to this Item is included in our Proxy Statement to be filed in January 2021, which is incorporated herein by reference, under the captions “Voting Securities and Principal Holders Thereof” and “Equity Compensation Plan Information”.

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS

AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

Information with respect to this Item is included in our Proxy Statement to be filed in January 2021, which is incorporated herein by reference, under the caption “Directors' Meetings and Committees of the Board of Directors”.

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES

Information with respect to this Item is included in our Proxy Statement to be filed in January 2021, which is incorporated herein by reference, under the caption “Relationship with Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm”.

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PART IV

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

The following documents are filed as part of this Annual Report:

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) and Comprehensive Income (Loss) - 52 weeks ended September 27, 2020, 52 weeks ended September 29, 2019 and 53 weeks ended September 30, 2018

Consolidated Balance Sheets - September 27, 2020 and September 29, 2019

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) - 52 weeks ended September 27, 2020, 52 weeks ended September 29, 2019 and 53 weeks ended September 30, 2018

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - 52 weeks ended September 27, 2020, 52 weeks ended September 29, 2019 and 53 weeks ended September 30, 2018

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

All schedules have been omitted as they are not required, not applicable, not deemed material or because the information is included in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included herein.

EXHIBITS

See Exhibit Index, included herein.

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CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | PAGE
Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) and Comprehensive Income (Loss) | 31
Consolidated Balance Sheets | 32
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) | 34
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 35
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | 36
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | 61

30

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (LOSS) AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(Thousands of Dollars, Except Per Common Share Data) |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Operating revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Advertising and marketing services |  |  | 289,655 |  |  |  | 265,933 |  |  |  | 303,446 |
Subscription |  |  | 265,939 |  |  |  | 186,691 |  |  |  | 195,108 |
Other |  |  | 62,410 |  |  |  | 57,230 |  |  |  | 45,401 |
Total operating revenue |  |  | 618,004 |  |  |  | 509,854 |  |  |  | 543,955 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Compensation |  |  | 243,023 |  |  |  | 182,869 |  |  |  | 199,164 |
Newsprint and ink |  |  | 24,243 |  |  |  | 22,237 |  |  |  | 24,949 |
Other operating expenses |  |  | 259,382 |  |  |  | 193,709 |  |  |  | 199,653 |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 36,133 |  |  |  | 29,332 |  |  |  | 31,766 |
Assets loss (gain) on sales, impairments and other |  |  | (5,403 | ) |  |  | 2,464 |  |  |  | 6,429 |
Restructuring costs and other |  |  | 13,751 |  |  |  | 11,635 |  |  |  | 5,550 |
Total operating expenses |  |  | 571,129 |  |  |  | 442,246 |  |  |  | 467,511 |
Equity in earnings of associated companies |  |  | 3,403 |  |  |  | 7,121 |  |  |  | 9,249 |
Operating income |  |  | 50,278 |  |  |  | 74,729 |  |  |  | 85,693 |
Non-operating income (expense): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense |  |  | (47,743 | ) |  |  | (47,488 | ) |  |  | (52,842 | )
Debt financing and administrative costs |  |  | (11,966 | ) |  |  | (7,214 | ) |  |  | (5,311 | )
Other, net |  |  | 12,274 |  |  |  | 3,813 |  |  |  | 3,280 |
Total non-operating expense, net |  |  | (47,435 | ) |  |  | (50,889 | ) |  |  | (54,873 | )
Income before income taxes |  |  | 2,843 |  |  |  | 23,840 |  |  |  | 30,820 |
Income tax expense (benefit) |  |  | 4,104 |  |  |  | 7,931 |  |  |  | (16,228 | )
Net income (loss) |  |  | (1,261 | ) |  |  | 15,909 |  |  |  | 47,048 |
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests |  |  | (1,845 | ) |  |  | (1,641 | ) |  |  | (1,282 | )
Income (loss) attributable to Lee Enterprises, Incorporated |  |  | (3,106 | ) |  |  | 14,268 |  |  |  | 45,766 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes |  |  | 9,064 |  |  |  | (17,368 | ) |  |  | 4,322 |
Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to Lee Enterprises, Incorporated |  |  | 5,958 |  |  |  | (3,100 | ) |  |  | 50,088 |
Earnings per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic: |  |  | (0.05 | ) |  |  | 0.26 |  |  |  | 0.84 |
Diluted: |  |  | (0.05 | ) |  |  | 0.25 |  |  |  | 0.82 |

The accompanying Notes are an integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

31

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

|  | September 27 |  |  | September 29 |
(Thousands of Dollars) |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 33,733 |  |  |  | 8,645 |
Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts: 2020 $13,431; 2019 $6,434 |  |  | 52,598 |  |  |  | 42,536 |
Inventories |  |  | 7,534 |  |  |  | 3,769 |
Prepaids and other |  |  | 14,888 |  |  |  | 5,353 |
Total current assets |  |  | 108,753 |  |  |  | 60,303 |
Investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Associated companies |  |  | 27,624 |  |  |  | 28,742 |
Other |  |  | 6,255 |  |  |  | 10,684 |
Total investments |  |  | 33,879 |  |  |  | 39,426 |
Property and equipment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Land and improvements |  |  | 18,711 |  |  |  | 16,979 |
Buildings and improvements |  |  | 128,475 |  |  |  | 148,514 |
Equipment |  |  | 245,117 |  |  |  | 237,289 |
Construction in process |  |  | 2,323 |  |  |  | 1,980 |
|  |  | 394,626 |  |  |  | 404,762 |
Less accumulated depreciation |  |  | 289,017 |  |  |  | 322,723 |
Property and equipment, net |  |  | 105,609 |  |  |  | 82,039 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets |  |  | 70,933 |  |  |  | — |
Goodwill |  |  | 328,445 |  |  |  | 250,309 |
Other intangible assets, net |  |  | 182,680 |  |  |  | 107,393 |
Pension plan assets, net |  |  | 4,147 |  |  |  | — |
Medical plan assets, net |  |  | 15,912 |  |  |  | 14,338 |
Other |  |  | 13,699 |  |  |  | 1,394 |
Total assets |  |  | 864,057 |  |  |  | 555,202 |

The accompanying Notes are an integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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|  | September 27 |  |  | September 29 |
(Thousands of Dollars and Shares, Except Per Share Data) |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current portion of lease liabilities |  |  | 8,577 |  |  |  | — |
Current maturities of long-term debt |  |  | 13,733 |  |  |  | 2,954 |
Accounts payable |  |  | 17,163 |  |  |  | 16,750 |
Compensation and other accrued liabilities |  |  | 44,278 |  |  |  | 17,711 |
Accrued interest |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,903 |
Unearned revenue |  |  | 60,271 |  |  |  | 21,720 |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 144,022 |  |  |  | 61,038 |
Long-term debt, net of current maturities |  |  | 524,557 |  |  |  | 429,391 |
Operating lease liabilities |  |  | 62,374 |  |  |  | — |
Pension obligations |  |  | 75,656 |  |  |  | 47,037 |
Postretirement and postemployment benefit obligations |  |  | 39,543 |  |  |  | 2,550 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | 15,208 |  |  |  | 29,806 |
Income taxes payable |  |  | 18,048 |  |  |  | 8,742 |
Warrants and other |  |  | 14,282 |  |  |  | 13,469 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 893,690 |  |  |  | 592,033 |
(Deficit) equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders' equity (deficit): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Serial convertible preferred stock, no par value; authorized 500 shares; none issued |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Common Stock, authorized 120,000 shares; issued and outstanding: |  |  | 584 |  |  |  | 577 |
September 27, 2020; 58,353 shares; $0.01 par value |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
September 29, 2019; 57,646 shares; $0.01 par value |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Class B Common Stock, $2 par value; authorized 30,000 shares; none issued |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | 256,431 |  |  |  | 255,476 |
Accumulated deficit |  |  | (268,529 | ) |  |  | (265,423 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  |  | (20,050 | ) |  |  | (29,114 | )
Total stockholders' deficit |  |  | (31,564 | ) |  |  | (38,484 | )
Non-controlling interests |  |  | 1,931 |  |  |  | 1,653 |
Total deficit |  |  | (29,633 | ) |  |  | (36,831 | )
Total liabilities and deficit |  |  | 864,057 |  |  |  | 555,202 |

The accompanying Notes are an integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)

|  | Amount |  |  | Shares |
(Thousands of Dollars and Shares) |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Common Stock: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of year |  |  | 577 |  |  |  | 572 |  |  |  | 567 |  |  |  | 57,646 |  |  |  | 57,141 |  |  |  | 56,712 |
Shares issued |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 707 |  |  |  | 505 |  |  |  | 429 |
Balance, end of year |  |  | 584 |  |  |  | 577 |  |  |  | 572 |  |  |  | 58,353 |  |  |  | 57,646 |  |  |  | 57,141 |
Additional paid-in capital: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of year |  |  | 255,476 |  |  |  | 253,511 |  |  |  | 251,790 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stock compensation |  |  | 1,042 |  |  |  | 2,040 |  |  |  | 2,039 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Shares issued (redeemed) |  |  | (87 | ) |  |  | (75 | ) |  |  | (318 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, end of year |  |  | 256,431 |  |  |  | 255,476 |  |  |  | 253,511 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accumulated deficit: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of year |  |  | (265,423 | ) |  |  | (279,691 | ) |  |  | (328,524 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) |  |  | (1,261 | ) |  |  | 15,909 |  |  |  | 47,048 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests |  |  | (1,845 | ) |  |  | (1,641 | ) |  |  | (1,282 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cumulative effect of accounting change |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,067 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, end of year |  |  | (268,529 | ) |  |  | (265,423 | ) |  |  | (279,691 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of year |  |  | (29,114 | ) |  |  | (11,746 | ) |  |  | (16,068 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Change in pension and postretirement benefits |  |  | 11,464 |  |  |  | (24,667 | ) |  |  | 10,477 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred income taxes, net |  |  | (2,400 | ) |  |  | 7,299 |  |  |  | (3,088 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cumulative effect of accounting change |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3,067 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, end of year |  |  | (20,050 | ) |  |  | (29,114 | ) |  |  | (11,746 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total stockholders' deficit |  |  | (31,564 | ) |  |  | (38,484 | ) |  |  | (37,354 | ) |  |  | 58,353 |  |  |  | 57,646 |  |  |  | 57,141 |

The accompanying Notes are an integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Thousands of Dollars) |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net (loss) income |  |  | (1,261 | ) |  |  | 15,909 |  |  |  | 47,048 |
Adjustments to reconcile income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 36,133 |  |  |  | 29,332 |  |  |  | 31,766 |
Stock compensation expense |  |  | 1,294 |  |  |  | 1,638 |  |  |  | 1,857 |
Asset (gain) loss on sales, impairments and other, net |  |  | (5,403 | ) |  |  | 2,464 |  |  |  | 6,429 |
Distributions greater (less) than earnings of MNI |  |  | 1,402 |  |  |  | 465 |  |  |  | (1,229 | )
Deferred income taxes |  |  | (3,560 | ) |  |  | (2,003 | ) |  |  | (17,378 | )
Debt financing and administrative costs |  |  | 11,966 |  |  |  | 7,214 |  |  |  | 5,311 |
Pension contributions |  |  | 6,215 |  |  |  | (650 | ) |  |  | (4,990 | )
Payments to collateralize letters of credit |  |  | (11,502 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Other, net |  |  | (1,083 | ) |  |  | (497 | ) |  |  | 478 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Decrease in receivables and contract sales |  |  | 26,908 |  |  |  | 1,697 |  |  |  | 4,418 |
Decrease (increase) in inventories and other |  |  | 2,724 |  |  |  | 2,759 |  |  |  | (1,926 | )
Decrease in accounts payable and other accrued liabilities |  |  | (8,341 | ) |  |  | (3,676 | ) |  |  | (8,587 | )
(Decrease) increase in pension, postretirement and postemployment benefit obligations |  |  | (15,380 | ) |  |  | 1,900 |  |  |  | (2,482 | )
Change in income taxes payable |  |  | 7,123 |  |  |  | 1,495 |  |  |  | 687 |
Other, including warrants |  |  | 2,634 |  |  |  | (371 | ) |  |  | (342 | )
Net cash provided by operating activities |  |  | 49,869 |  |  |  | 57,676 |  |  |  | 59,296 |
Cash provided by (required for) investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchases of property and equipment |  |  | (8,096 | ) |  |  | (5,901 | ) |  |  | (6,025 | )
Proceeds from sales of assets |  |  | 21,710 |  |  |  | 1,502 |  |  |  | 6,623 |
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired |  |  | (130,985 | ) |  |  | (6,543 | ) |  |  | — |
Distributions greater (less) than earnings of TNI |  |  | (329 | ) |  |  | 9 |  |  |  | 1,194 |
Other, net |  |  | (476 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,864 | )
Net cash required for investing activities |  |  | (118,176 | ) |  |  | (10,933 | ) |  |  | (72 | )
Cash provided by (required for) financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from long-term debt |  |  | 576,000 |  |  |  | 600 |  |  |  | 10,000 |
Payments on long-term debt |  |  | (443,627 | ) |  |  | (41,832 | ) |  |  | (73,526 | )
Principal payments on long-term borrowings |  |  | (37,710 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt financing and administrative costs paid |  |  | (684 | ) |  |  | (1,773 | ) |  |  | (437 | )
Purchases of common stock transactions |  |  | (584 | ) |  |  | (473 | ) |  |  | (502 | )
Net cash provided (required) for financing activities |  |  | 93,395 |  |  |  | (43,478 | ) |  |  | (64,465 | )
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 25,088 |  |  |  | 3,265 |  |  |  | (5,241 | )
Cash and cash equivalents: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning of year |  |  | 8,645 |  |  |  | 5,380 |  |  |  | 10,621 |
End of year |  |  | 33,733 |  |  |  | 8,645 |  |  |  | 5,380 |

The accompanying Notes are an integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

References to "we", "our", "us" and the like throughout the Consolidated Financial Statements refer to Lee Enterprises, Incorporated and subsidiaries (the "Company"). References to "2020", "2019", "2018" and the like refer to the fiscal years ended the last Sunday in September. Fiscal years 2020 and 2019 include 52 weeks and 2018 includes 53 weeks of operations.

Lee Enterprises, Incorporated is a leading provider of high quality, trusted, local news and information, and a major platform for advertising in the markets we serve. We operate 77 principally mid-sized local media operations (including TNI Partners ("TNI") and Madison Newspapers, Inc. ("MNI")) across 26 states.

1. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

The Consolidated Financial Statements include our accounts and those of our subsidiaries, all of which are wholly-owned, except for our 50% interest in TNI, 50% interest in MNI and 82.5% interest in TownNews. TNI and MNI are accounted for under the equity method. Results of TownNews are consolidated.

In February 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued new guidance to allow a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from what is commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "2017 Tax Act"). In the first quarter of fiscal year 2018, we re-measured our deferred taxes related to unrealized gains on our investment balances using the reduced tax rate. As required by GAAP, we recognized the net tax benefit in the provision for income taxes in our consolidated income statements, and we reclassified a $3,067,000 net tax benefit from AOCI to retained earnings in our consolidated balance sheets. Adoption of the standard had no impact to our consolidated income statements or cash flows statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued a new standard that makes improvements to the accounting for employee share-based payments. The new standard simplifies several aspects of the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions, including the accounting for income taxes and statutory tax withholding requirements, as well as classification in the statement of cash flows. We adopted this standard in 2018 and the impact from the adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09 "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" and in 2015, 2016, and 2017 the FASB issued several clarifying updates to this new standard (ASU No. 2015-14, 2016-08, 2016-10, 2016-11, 2016-12, 2016-20 and 2017-05), which collectively comprises ASC Topic 606 "Revenue from Contracts with Customers". Topic 606 supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in Topic 605 "Revenue Recognition" and is effective fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. Topic 606 provides a five-step model in determining when and how revenue is recognized and requires revenue recognition to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration a company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. The new standard was adopted in 2019 using the modified retrospective method and did not result in a material change to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Fiscal Year

All of our enterprises use period accounting with the fiscal year ending on the last Sunday in September.

Subsequent Events

We have evaluated subsequent events through December 11, 2020. No events have occurred subsequent to September 27, 2020 that require disclosure or recognition in these financial statements other than those mentioned in Note 8 and Note 9.

Accounting Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We evaluate our estimates on an on-going basis. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Principles of Consolidation

All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.

Investments in TNI and MNI are accounted for using the equity method and are reported at cost, plus our share of undistributed earnings since acquisition less, for TNI, amortization of, and reductions in the value of, intangible assets.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

We consider all highly liquid debt instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less at date of acquisition to be cash equivalents.

Accounts Receivable

We evaluate our allowance for doubtful accounts receivable based on historical credit experience, payment trends and other economic factors. Delinquency is determined based on timing of payments in relation to billing dates. Accounts considered to be uncollectible are written off.

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Inventories

Newsprint inventories and other inventories are priced at the lower of cost or net realizable value. LIFO newsprint inventories at September 27, 2020 and September 29, 2019 are less than replacement cost by $942,000 and $1,661,000, respectively.

The components of inventory by cost method are as follows:

(Thousands of Dollars) |  | September 27, 2020 |  |  | September 29, 2019 |
Newsprint - FIFO method |  | 564 |  |  | 1,498 |
Newsprint - LIFO method |  | 1,222 |  |  | 1,296 |
Other inventory - FIFO method |  | 2,794 |  |  | 975 |
Specific identification |  | 2,954 |  |  | — |
|  |  | 7,534 |  |  |  | 3,769 |

Other Investments

Other investments primarily consist of marketable securities held in trust under a deferred compensation arrangement and investments for which no established market exists. Marketable securities are classified as trading securities and carried at fair value with gains and losses reported in earnings. Non-marketable securities are carried at cost.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are carried at cost. Equipment and all other assets, except for printing presses and preprint insertion equipment, which were previously depreciated by declining-balance methods, are depreciated by straight line. This change in accounting policy will be applied prospectively and effect on previous years are not material. The estimated useful lives are as follows:

|  | Years |
Buildings and improvements |  |  | 4 - 40 |
Printing presses and insertion equipment |  |  | 5 - 28 |
Other |  |  | 3 - 17 |

Additionally, we acquired leasehold improvements as part of the Transactions with useful lives between 3 -9 years.

We recognize the fair value of a liability for a legal obligation to perform an asset retirement activity when such activity is a condition of a future event and the fair value of the liability can be estimated. The cost of asset retirements and related accruals was not material in 2020, 2019 or 2018.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Intangible assets include customer lists, newspaper subscriber lists and mastheads. Legacy Lee intangible assets subject to amortization are being amortized using the straight-line method and intangible assets acquired in the Transactions are being amortized in an accelarated manner consistent with the expected economic benefit.

|  | Years |
Customer lists |  |  | 10 - 23 |
Newspaper subscriber lists |  |  | 10 - 33 |

We review goodwill for impairment on an annual basis by performing a qualitative and quantitative assessment. Companies with reporting units with zero or negative carrying value are required to disclose the amount of goodwill for those reporting units.

The Company's goodwill is all attributable to a single reporting unit entity with negative carrying value. In 2020 and 2019, the Company had $328,445,000 and $250,309,000 of goodwill in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, respectively. The annual assessment is made on the first day of our fourth fiscal quarter, or more frequently if impairment triggers are noted.

We review non-amortizing intangibles for impairment on an annual basis. Should we determine that a non-amortized intangible asset impairment is more likely than not, we make a determination of the individual asset's fair value. Fair value is determined using the relief from royalty method, which estimates fair value based upon appropriate royalties of future revenue discounted to their present value. The impairment amount, if any, is calculated based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of such asset.

We analyze goodwill and other non-amortized intangible assets for impairment more frequently if impairment indicators are present. Such indicators of impairment include, but are not limited to, changes in business climate and operating or cash flow losses related to such assets.

We review our amortizable intangible assets for impairment when indicators of impairment are present. We assess recoverability of these assets by comparing the estimated undiscounted cash flows associated with the asset group with their carrying amount. The impairment amount, if any, is calculated based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of those asset groups.

The required valuation methodology and underlying financial information that are used to determine fair value require significant judgments to be made by us and represent a Level 3 fair value measurement. These judgments include, but are not limited to, long term projections of future financial performance and the selection of appropriate discount rates used to determine the present value of future cash flows. Changes in such estimates or the application of alternative assumptions could produce significantly different results.

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We also periodically evaluate the useful lives of amortizable intangible assets. Any resulting changes in the useful lives of such intangible assets will not impact our cash flows. However, a decrease in the useful lives of such intangible assets would increase future amortization expense and decrease future reported operating results and earnings per common share.

Future decreases in our market value, or significant differences in revenue, expenses or cash flows from estimates used to determine fair value, could result in impairment charges in the future. See Note 5.

Business Combinations

The Company accounts for acquisitions in accordance with the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification 805 "Business Combinations" ("ASC 805"), which provides guidance for recognition and measurement of identifiable assets and goodwill acquired, liabilities assumed, and any non-controlling interest in the acquiree at fair value. In a business combination, the assets acquired, liabilities assumed and non-controlling interest in the acquiree are recorded as of the date of acquisition at their respective fair values with limited exceptions. Any excess of the purchase price (consideration transferred) over the estimated fair values of net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. Transaction costs are expensed as incurred. The operating results of the acquired business are reflected in the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements from the date of acquisition.

Non-controlling Interest

Non-controlling interest in earnings of TownNews is recognized in the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Revenue Recognition

On October 1, 2018, we adopted ASC 606 Revenue from Contracts with Customers, using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed as of that date. Results for reporting periods beginning after October 1, 2018 are presented under the new guidance while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with legacy accounting under the old guidance. We did not record any adjustments to beginning retained earnings at October 1, 2018 as a result of adopting the new guidance.

Recognition principles: Revenue is recognized when a performance obligation is satisfied by the transfer of control of the contracted goods or services to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those goods or services.

Advertising and marketing services revenue: Advertising and marketing services revenue includes amounts charged to customers for retail, national, or classified advertising space purchased in our newspapers, advertisements placed on our digital platforms, and other print advertising products such as preprint inserts and direct mail. Advertising and marketing services revenue also include amounts charged to customers for digital marketing services which include: audience extension, Search Engine Optimization ("SEO"), Search Engine Marketing ("SEM"), web and mobile production, social media services and reputation monitoring and management. The following define the timing of revenue recognition for each general revenue category:

| • | Print advertising revenue is recognized at the point in time the associated publication has been delivered.

| • | Digital advertising revenue is recognized at the point in time that impressions are delivered.

| • | Digital marketing services revenue is recognized over the period of time which the service is performed.

Advertising and marketing services contract transaction prices consist of fixed consideration. We recognize revenue when control of the related performance obligation transfers to the customer.

Payments for advertising revenue is due upon completion of our performance obligations at previously agreed upon rates. In instances where the timing of revenue recognition differs from the timing of invoicing, such timing differences are not large. As a result, we have determined that our contracts do not include a significant financing component.

Subscription revenue: Subscription revenue includes revenue for content delivered to consumers via print and digital products purchased by readers or distributors. Single copy revenue is also included in subscription revenue. Subscription revenue from single-copy and home delivery subscriptions is recognized at the point in time the publications are delivered. Digital subscription revenue is recognized over time as performance obligations are met via on-demand availability of online content made available to customers throughout the contract term. Payments for subscription revenue is typically collected in advance, are for contract periods of one year or less and result in an unearned revenue liability that is reduced when revenue is recognized.

Other revenue: Other revenue primarily consists of digital services, expired Management Agreement revenue in 2020, commercial printing and delivery of third party products. Management Agreement revenue consists of fixed and variable fees collected from our Management Agreement. Fixed fee revenue from the Management Agreement is recognized over time and paid quarterly and variable fees are paid annually. Variable fees are recognized when the fees are deemed earned and it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. Commercial printing and delivery revenue is recognized when the product is delivered to the customer.

Digital services revenues, which are primarily delivered through TownNews, are primarily comprised of contractual agreements to provide webhosting and content management services. As such, digital services revenue is recognized over the contract period. Prices for digital services are agreed upon in advance of the contract beginning and are typically billed in arrears on a monthly basis, with the exception of implementation fees which are recognized as deferred revenue and amortized over the contract period.

Arrangements with multiple performance obligations: We have various advertising and subscription agreements which include both print and digital performance obligations. Revenue from sales agreements that contain multiple performance obligations are allocated to each obligation based on the relative standalone selling price. We determine standalone selling prices based on observable prices charged to customers. See Note 3.

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Advertising Costs

A substantial amount of our advertising and promotion consists of advertising placed in our own publications and digital platforms, using available space. The incremental cost of such advertising is not significant and is not measured separately by us. External advertising costs are not significant and are expensed as incurred.

Restructuring Costs and Other

We incur severance related costs on an ongoing basis in response to overall industry trends. We accrue for severance related items generally as part of planned business transformation efforts when the impacted employees can be identified and the amounts are estimable. We did not have a significant severance liability as of September 27, 2020 or September 29, 2019.

Other costs included in Restructuring Costs and Other include estimated impacts of withdrawals from our multiemployer plans. Multiemployer plans are discussed in Note 9.

Pension, Postretirement and Postemployment Benefit Plans

We evaluate our liabilities for pension, postretirement and postemployment benefit plans based upon computations made by consulting actuaries, incorporating estimates and actuarial assumptions of future plan service costs, future interest costs on projected benefit obligations, rates of compensation increases, when applicable, employee turnover rates, anticipated mortality rates, expected investment returns on plan assets, asset allocation assumptions of plan assets and other factors.

We use a fiscal year end measurement date for all our pension and postretirement obligations in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 715, Retirement Plans. We use the alternative spot rate approach which utilizes a full yield curve to estimate the interest cost component of benefit cost by applying the specific spot rates along the yield curve used in the determination of the benefit obligation to the relevant projected cash flows.

Income Taxes

Deferred income tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences and loss carryforwards and deferred income tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences which are the difference between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax basis. Deferred income tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in our opinion, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred income tax assets will not be realized. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment.

We recognize the effect of income tax positions only if those positions are more likely than not of being sustained. Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs. We record interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

We utilize FASB ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, to measure and report fair value. FASB ASC Topic 820 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. FASB ASC Topic 820 establishes a three-level hierarchy of fair value measurements based on whether the inputs to those measurements are observable or unobservable, which consists of the following levels:

Level 1 - Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.

Level 2 - Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs are observable in active markets.

Level 3 - Valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs are unobservable.

Investments measured at net asset value, as a practical expedient for fair value, are excluded from the fair value hierarchy.

Valuation methodologies used for pension and postretirement assets measured at fair value are as follows:

Cash and cash equivalents consist of short term deposits valued based on quoted prices in active markets. Such investments are classified as Level 1.

Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities ("TIPS") consist of low yield mutual funds and are valued by quoted market prices. Such investments are classified as Level 1.

Equity securities are valued based on the closing market price in an active market and are classified as Level 1. Certain investments in commingled funds are valued at the end of the period based upon the value of the underlying investments as determined by quoted market prices. Such investments are classified as Level 2.

Debt securities consist of government securities that are valued based upon quoted market prices in an active market. Such investments are classified as Level 1. Corporate bonds that are valued based on quoted market prices in an inactive market are classified as Level 2. Certain investments in commingled funds are valued at the net asset value of units held at the end of the period based upon the value of the underlying investments as determined by quoted market prices. Such investments are excluded from the fair value hierarchy.

Hedge funds consist of a long/short equity funds and a diversified fund of funds. These funds are valued at the net asset value of units held at the end of the period based upon the value of the underlying investments, which is determined using multiple approaches including by quoted market prices and by private market quotations. Such investments are excluded from the fair value hierarchy.

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Stock Compensation and Warrants

We have several active stock-based compensation plans. We account for grants under those plans under the fair value expense recognition provisions of FASB ASC Topic 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation. We determine the fair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes option pricing formula. Key inputs to this formula include expected term, expected volatility and the risk-free interest rate.

The expected term represents the period that our stock-based awards are expected to be outstanding, and is determined based on historical experience of similar awards, giving consideration to contractual terms of the awards, vesting schedules and expectations of future employee behavior. The volatility factor is calculated using historical market data for our Common Stock. The time frame used is equal to the expected term. We base the risk-free interest rate on the yield to maturity at the time of the stock option grant on zero-coupon U.S. government bonds having a remaining term equal to the option's expected term. When estimating forfeitures, we consider voluntary termination behavior as well as actual option forfeitures.

We amortize as compensation expense the value of stock options and restricted Common Stock using the straight-line method over the vesting or restriction period, which is generally one to four years.

We also have 6,000,000 warrants outstanding to purchase shares of our Common Stock. Warrants are recorded at fair value determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing formula. See Notes 6, 10 and 13.

Uninsured Risks

We are self-insured for health care, workers compensation and certain long-term disability costs of our employees, subject to stop loss insurance, which limits our losses in the event of large claims. We accrue our estimated health care costs in the period in which such costs are incurred, including an estimate of incurred but not reported claims. Other risks are insured and carry deductible losses of varying amounts. Letters of credit and performance bonds totaling $3,905,000 at September 27, 2020 are outstanding in support of our insurance program.

Our accrued reserves for health care and workers compensation claims are based upon estimates of the remaining liability for retained losses made by consulting actuaries. The amount of workers compensation reserve has been determined based upon historical patterns of incurred and paid loss development factors from the insurance industry.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards - Standards Adopted in 2020

As discussed below, the Company elected to change its method of accounting for leases as of September 30, 2019 due to the adoption of Accounting Standard Update (ASU) No. 2016-02, Leases, and related updates, which established Accounting Standard Codification Topic 842, Leases. The new standard is based on the principle that entities should recognize assets and liabilities arising from leases. The new standard's primary change is the requirement for entities to recognize a lease liability for payments and a right-of-use ("ROU") asset representing the right to use the leased asset during the term on most operating lease arrangements. We adopted the standard effective September 30, 2019, the first day of fiscal year 2020.

We elected the package of practical expedients which permits the Company to not reassess under the new standard the prior conclusions about lease identification, lease classification, or initial direct costs. In addition, we did reassess whether existing land easements which were previously not accounted for as leases are or contain leases under the new guidance. We have elected to combine non-lease and lease components when accounting for leases. The Company has made a policy election to exclude short-term leases, those with an original term of less than twelve months, from recognition and measurement under ASC 842. As such, we have not recognized an ROU asset or lease liability for these leases. Additional information and disclosures required by this new standard are contained in Note 18.

We adopted ASC 842 using the modified retrospective method as of the adoption date. As a result of electing the modified retrospective approach, we have not restated prior year financial statements to conform to the new guidance. Our operating lease portfolio primarily includes real estate, office equipment, and vehicles.

As a result of adoption of ASC 842, we recorded operating lease right-of-use assets of $10,709,000, current portion of lease liability of $2,281,000, and operating lease liabilities of $8,353,000.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards - Standards Not Yet Adopted

In June 2016, the FASB issued a new standard to replace the incurred loss impairment methodology under current GAAP with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a wider array of reasonable and supportable information to inform and develop credit loss estimates. We will be required to use a forward-looking expected credit loss model for both accounts receivables and other financial instruments. The new standard will be adopted beginning September 28, 2020 using a modified retrospective approach through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the effective date to align our credit loss methodology with the new standard. We are still evaluating this standard and its impact.

In August 2018, FASB issued a new standard to amend disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other postretirement plans. The new standard will be adopted beginning September 28, 2020 using a retrospective approach. The Company is still determining the impacts to our financial statement disclosures.

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2 ACQUISITIONS

On March 16, 2020, the Company completed the Asset and Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of January 29, 2020 with Berkshire Hathaway Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Berkshire”) and BH Media Group, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“BH Media”) (“Purchase Agreement”). As part of the Purchase Agreement, the Company agreed to purchase certain assets and assume certain liabilities of BH Media's newspapers and related publications business ("BH Media Newspaper Business"), excluding real estate and fixtures such as production equipment, and all of the issued and outstanding capital stock of The Buffalo News, Inc., a Delaware corporation ("Buffalo News") for a combined purchase price of $140,000,000 (collectively, the "Transactions"). BH Media includes 30 daily newspapers and digital operations, in addition to 49 paid weekly newspapers with websites and 32 other print products. Buffalo News is a provider of local print and digital news to the Buffalo, NY area. The rationale for the acquisition was primarily the attractive nature of the various publications, businesses, and digital platforms as well as the revenue growth and operating expense synergy opportunities.

The Transactions were funded pursuant to a Credit Agreement dated as of January 29, 2020 between the Company and BH Finance LLC, a Delaware limited liability company affiliated with Berkshire (the "Credit Agreement"), as described further in Note 6.

Between July 2, 2018 and March 16, 2020, the Company managed the BH Media Newspaper Business pursuant to a Management Agreement between BH Media and the Company dated June 26, 2018 ("the Management Agreement"). In connection with the Transactions, the Management Agreement terminated on March 16, 2020. As part of the settlement of the preexisting relationship, the Company received $5,425,000 at closing. This amount represents $1,245,000 in fixed fees pro-rated under the contract and $4,180,000 in variable fees based upon the pro-rated annual target. The amount we received settled our existing contract asset balance, which totaled $3,589,000 as of December 29, 2019, and the remaining amount was reflected in Other Revenue for the 13 weeks ended March 29, 2020. The amount of variable fees was estimated based on BH Media financial performance through March 16, 2020. Actual financial performance through March 16, 2020 did not vary materially from the estimated amount. As such, the Company did not recognize a gain or loss as a result of the settlement of this preexisting relationship.

In connection with the Transactions, the Company entered into a lease agreement between BH Media, as Landlord, and the Company, as Tenant, providing for the leasing of 68 properties and related fixtures (including production equipment) used in the BH Media Newspaper Business (the "BH Lease"). The Lease was signed and commenced on March 16, 2020. The BH Lease requires the Company to pay annual rent of $8,000,000, payable in equal payments, as well as all operating costs relating to the properties (including maintenance, repairs, property taxes and insurance). Rent payments will be subject to a Rent Credit (as defined in the Lease) equal to 8.00% of the net consideration for any leased real estate sold by BH Media during the term of the Lease. In connection with the BH Lease, the Company recognized $56,226,000 and $56,226,000 in ROU assets and lease liabilities, respectively, as of March 16, 2020.

The allocation of the purchase price is preliminary. The valuation of property and equipment, intangibles, deferred income taxes, and residual goodwill is not complete, pending the completion of the final valuation reports. These amounts are subject to adjustment as additional information is obtained within the measurement period (not to exceed 12 months from the acquisition date). As part of the Transactions, the Company also entered into the Credit Agreement and the BH Lease, as described above. The Company concluded that these agreements were not separate from the Transactions and evaluated these agreements for off-market terms and no such terms were identified. As such, the consideration for the acquisitions was limited to cash consideration, as shown below.

The following table summarizes the preliminary determination of fair values of the assets and liabilities for the Transactions.

(in Thousands) |  | Estimated fair value as previously reported (a) |  |  | Measurement period adjustments |  |  | Fair value as adjusted |
Cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 22,293 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 22,293 |
Current assets |  |  | 52,559 |  |  |  | (886 | ) |  |  | 51,673 |
Other assets |  |  | 12,167 |  |  |  | 3,543 |  |  |  | 15,710 |
Property and equipment |  |  | 42,952 |  |  |  | 33 |  |  |  | 42,985 |
Operating lease assets |  |  | 7,445 |  |  |  | 101 |  |  |  | 7,546 |
Advertiser relationships |  |  | 38,780 |  |  |  | (10,820 | ) |  |  | 27,960 |
Subscriber relationships |  |  | 36,060 |  |  |  | (7,860 | ) |  |  | 28,200 |
Commercial print relationships |  |  | 17,130 |  |  |  | 2,450 |  |  |  | 19,580 |
Mastheads |  |  | 21,680 |  |  |  | (1,290 | ) |  |  | 20,390 |
Goodwill |  |  | 63,559 |  |  |  | 14,577 |  |  |  | 78,136 |
Total assets |  |  | 314,625 |  |  |  | (152 | ) |  |  | 314,473 |
Current liabilities assumed |  |  | (73,451 | ) |  |  | 1,074 |  |  |  | (72,377 | )
Operating lease liabilities |  |  | (6.625 | ) |  |  | (921 | ) |  |  | (7,546 | )
Other liabilities assumed |  |  | (2,246 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,246 | )
Pension obligations |  |  | (43,503 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (43,503 | )
Postemployment benefit obligations |  |  | (36,800 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (36,800 | )
Total liabilities |  |  | (162,625 | ) |  |  | 152 |  |  |  | (162,473 | )
Net assets |  |  | 152,000 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 152,000 |
Less: acquired cash |  |  | (22,293 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (22,293 | )
Total consideration less acquired cash |  |  | 129,707 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 129,707 |

(a) As previously reported in the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 29, 2020.

For the 52 weeks ended September 27, 2020, the revenue and net income included in the Consolidated Income Statement related to the acquirees were $200,751,000 and $13,166,000, respectively. Acquired net income includes interest expense, net of taxes, of $4,744,000 for the 52 weeks ended September 27, 2020, respectively, which is associated with the cost of financing the acquisitions.

The Company had various measurement period adjustments due to additional knowledge gained since March 29, 2020. The significant adjustments included $10,820,000 decrease to Advertiser relationships and $7,860,000 decrease to Subscriber relationships due to updates in assumptions related to the forecast and attrition rates, both were offset by increases to Goodwill. The change in other assets related to a $1,800,000 reclassification from current assets that was identified during management's review.

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Pro Forma Information (Unaudited)

The following table sets forth unaudited pro forma results of operations assuming the Transactions, along with the credit arrangements necessary to finance the Transactions, occurred on October 1, 2018, the first day of fiscal year 2019.

|  | Unaudited |
|  | September 27, |  |  |  |  |  |  | September 29, |
(Thousands of Dollars, Except Per Share Data) |  | 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2019 |
Total revenues |  |  | 821,793 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 973,143 |
Income attributable to Lee Enterprises, Incorporated |  |  | 17,632 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 20,715 |
Earnings per share - diluted |  |  | 0.31 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.36 |

This pro forma financial information is based on historical results of operations, adjusted for the allocation of the purchase price and other acquisition accounting adjustments. This pro forma information is not necessarily indicative of what our results would have been had we operated the businesses since the beginning of the periods presented. The pro forma adjustments reflect the income statement effects of depreciation expense and amortization of intangibles related to the fair value adjustments of the assets acquired, acquisition-related costs, incremental interest expense related to the financing of the Transactions and 2020 Refinancing, the BH Lease entered into as part of the Transactions, the elimination of certain intercompany activity and the related tax effects of the adjustments.

The only material, nonrecurring adjustments made relate to the write-off of previously unamortized debt-issuance costs as of October 1, 2018 which resulted in a $7,693,000 decrease to net income for the 52 weeks ended September 29, 2019 and a $8,973,000 increase to net income for the 52 weeks ended September 27, 2020. No other periods were affected by the adjustments.

3 REVENUE

The following table presents our revenue disaggregated by source:

(Thousands of Dollars) |  | September 27, 2020 |  |  | September 29, 2019 |  |  | September 30, 2018 |
Advertising and marketing services revenue |  |  | 289,655 |  |  |  | 265,933 |  |  |  | 303,446 |
Subscription Revenue |  |  | 265,939 |  |  |  | 186,691 |  |  |  | 195,108 |
TownNews and other digital services revenue |  |  | 20,478 |  |  |  | 19,637 |  |  |  | 16,328 |
Other revenue |  |  | 41,932 |  |  |  | 37,593 |  |  |  | 29,073 |
Total operating revenue |  |  | 618,004 |  |  |  | 509,854 |  |  |  | 543,955 |

Recognition principles: Revenue is recognized when a performance obligation is satisfied by the transfer of control of the contracted goods or services to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those goods or services.

Arrangements with multiple performance obligations: We have various advertising and subscription agreements which include both print and digital performance obligations. Revenue from sales agreements that contain multiple performance obligations are allocated to each obligation based on the relative standalone selling price. We determine standalone selling prices based on observable prices charged to customers.

Contract Assets and Liabilities: The Company’s primary source of unearned revenue is from subscriptions paid in advance of the service provided. The Company expects to recognize the revenue related to unsatisfied performance obligations over the next twelve months in accordance with the terms of the subscriptions and other contracts with customers. The unearned revenue balances described herein are the Company's only contract liability. Unearned revenue was $60,271,000 as of September 27, 2020 and $21,720,000 as of September 29, 2019. Revenue recognized in the 52 weeks ended September 27, 2020 that was included in the contract liability as of September 29, 2019 was $21,549,000.

Contract asset balances relate to our Management Agreement revenue was $1,107,000 as of September 29, 2019 and consisted solely of the variable portion of the contract. As a result of the Transactions, we had no contract balances as of September 27, 2020. In conjunction with the execution of the Purchase Agreement, the previously recorded contract asset balance was collected on March 16, 2020. Accounts receivable, excluding allowance for doubtful accounts and contract assets, was $66,029,000 and $47,863,000 as of September 27, 2020 and September 29, 2019 respectively. Allowance for doubtful accounts was $13,431,000 and $6,434,000 as of September 27, 2020 and September 29, 2019, respectively.

Practical expedients: Sales commissions are expensed as incurred as the associated contractual periods are one year or less. These costs are recorded within compensation. The vast majority of our contracts have original expected lengths of one year or less and revenue is earned at a rate and amount that corresponds directly with the value to the customer.

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4 INVESTMENTS IN ASSOCIATED COMPANIES

TNI Partners

In Tucson, Arizona, TNI, acting as agent for our subsidiary, Star Publishing Company (“Star Publishing”) and Citizen Publishing Company (“Citizen”), a subsidiary of Gannett Co. Inc., is responsible for printing, delivery, advertising and subscription activities of the Arizona Daily Star, as well as the related digital platforms and specialty publications. TNI collects all receipts and income and pays substantially all operating expenses incident to the partnership's operations and publication of the newspaper and other media. Income or loss of TNI is allocated equally to Star Publishing and Citizen.

Summarized financial information of TNI is as follows:

|  | September 27 |  |  | September 29 |
(Thousands of Dollars) |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets |  |  | 2,643 |  |  |  | 3,484 |
Investments and other assets |  |  | 998 |  |  |  | 1,350 |
Total assets |  |  | 3,641 |  |  |  | 4,834 |
LIABILITIES AND MEMBERS' EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities |  |  | 4,663 |  |  |  | 5,924 |
Members' equity |  |  | (1,022 | ) |  |  | (1,090 | )
Total liabilities and members' equity |  |  | 3,641 |  |  |  | 4,834 |

Summarized results of TNI are as follows:

(Thousands of Dollars) |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Operating revenue |  |  | 37,101 |  |  |  | 43,532 |  |  |  | 47,165 |
Operating expenses |  |  | 29,673 |  |  |  | 34,224 |  |  |  | 37,090 |
Net income |  |  | 7,428 |  |  |  | 9,308 |  |  |  | 10,075 |
Company's 50% share |  |  | 3,714 |  |  |  | 4,654 |  |  |  | 5,038 |
Less amortization of intangible assets |  |  | 209 |  |  |  | 418 |  |  |  | 418 |
Equity in earnings of TNI |  |  | 3,505 |  |  |  | 4,236 |  |  |  | 4,620 |

TNI makes weekly distributions of its earnings. We received $3,176,000, $4,245,000 and $5,814,000 in distributions in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

At September 27, 2020, the carrying value of the Company's 50% investment in TNI is $15,069,000. The difference between our carrying value and our 50% share of the members' equity of TNI relates principally to goodwill of $12,366,000 and other identified intangible assets of $3,090,000, certain of which are being amortized over their estimated useful lives through 2020. See Note 5.

Madison Newspapers, Inc.

We have a 50% ownership interest in MNI, which publishes daily and Sunday newspapers, and other publications in Madison, Wisconsin, and other Wisconsin locations, and related digital sites. Net income or loss of MNI (after income taxes) is allocated equally to us and The Capital Times Company (“TCT”). MNI conducts its business under the trade name Capital Newspapers.

Summarized financial information of MNI is as follows:

|  | September 27 |  |  | September 29 |
(Thousands of Dollars) |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets |  |  | 10,113 |  |  |  | 8,796 |
Investments and other assets |  |  | 29,952 |  |  |  | 31,134 |
Total assets |  |  | 40,065 |  |  |  | 39,930 |
LIABILITIES AND MEMBERS' EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities |  |  | 8,540 |  |  |  | 5,912 |
Other liabilities |  |  | 5,862 |  |  |  | 6,064 |
Stockholders' equity |  |  | 25,663 |  |  |  | 27,954 |
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity |  |  | 40,065 |  |  |  | 39,930 |

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Summarized results of MNI are as follows:

(Thousands of Dollars) |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Operating revenue |  |  | 48,056 |  |  |  | 56,790 |  |  |  | 59,670 |
Operating expenses, excluding restructuring costs, depreciation and amortization |  |  | 46,845 |  |  |  | 48,121 |  |  |  | 49,598 |
Restructuring costs |  |  | 274 |  |  |  | 355 |  |  |  | 383 |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 697 |  |  |  | 1,018 |  |  |  | 1,149 |
Operating income |  |  | 240 |  |  |  | 7,296 |  |  |  | 8,540 |
Net income |  |  | (204 | ) |  |  | 5,770 |  |  |  | 9,257 |
Equity in earnings of MNI |  |  | (102 | ) |  |  | 2,885 |  |  |  | 4,629 |

MNI makes quarterly distributions of its earnings. We received $1,300,000, $3,350,000 and 3,400,000 in distributions in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

We provide editorial services to MNI. Editorial service fees are included in other revenue in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income and totaled $6,152,000, $6,636,000 and $6,718,000, in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

At September 27, 2020, the carrying value of the Company's 50% investment in MNI is $12,600,000.

5 GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill related to continuing operations are as follows:

(Thousands of Dollars) |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Goodwill, gross amount |  |  | 1,539,038 |  |  |  | 1,534,905 |
Accumulated impairment losses |  |  | (1,288,729 | ) |  |  | (1,288,729 | )
Goodwill, beginning of year |  |  | 250,309 |  |  |  | 246,176 |
Goodwill acquired in business combinations |  |  | 78,136 |  |  |  | 4,133 |
Goodwill, end of year |  |  | 328,445 |  |  |  | 250,309 |

Identified intangible assets related to continuing operations consist of the following:

|  | September 27 |  |  | September 29 |
(Thousands of Dollars) |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Non-amortized intangible assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mastheads |  | 40,459 |  |  | 21,883 |
Amortizable intangible assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Customer and newspaper subscriber lists |  | 774,604 |  |  | 697,145 |
Less accumulated amortization |  | 632,457 |  |  | 611,786 |
|  |  | 142,147 |  |  |  | 85,359 |
Non-compete and consulting agreements |  | 28,656 |  |  | 28,675 |
Less accumulated amortization |  | 28,582 |  |  | 28,524 |
|  |  | 74 |  |  |  | 151 |
|  |  | 182,680 |  |  |  | 107,393 |

In January 2017, the FASB issued a new standard simplifying the assessment of a goodwill impairment. The new standard maintains a qualitative and quantitative assessment but eliminates the Step 2 of the quantitative assessment. The new standard also changes the way a goodwill impairment is calculated. For companies that have reporting units with zero or negative carrying value, the new standard requires disclosure of the amount of goodwill for those reporting units.

All of the Company’s goodwill is attributed to the single reporting unit with negative carrying value. The Company performed its annual assessment on the first day of our fourth fiscal quarter, and determined the fair value of our single reporting unit was significantly in excess of carrying value and as such, there was no impairment in 2020 and 2019.

In 2020, due to continuing revenue declines, cost of debt, and debt to equity weighting, we recorded non-cash charges to reduce the carrying value of non-amortized intangible assets. We also recorded pretax charges to reduce the carrying value of other assets in 2018. No such charges occurred in 2019. Such charges are recorded in assets loss (gain) on sales, impairments and other in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income (Loss). We recorded deferred income tax benefits related to these charges.

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A summary of the pretax impairment charges is included in the table below:

(Thousands of Dollars) |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Continuing operations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-amortized intangible assets |  |  | 972 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Property, equipment and other assets |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 267 |
|  |  | 972 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 267 |

The Company recognized $27,960,000 of advertiser relationships, $28,200,000 of subscriber relationships, $19,580,000 of commercial print relationships and $20,390,000 of indefinite-lived masthead assets as part of the Transactions.

Annual amortization of intangible assets for the years ending September 2021 to September 2025 is estimated to be $22,617,000, $20,451,000, $19,654,000, $17,920,000, and $12,897,000, respectively. The weighted average amortization period for those amortizable assets acquired as part of the Transactions is 10.5 years.

The Company recognized $78,136,000 of Goodwill as part of the Transactions. The value of the acquired Goodwill is primarily related to an assembled workforce and expected synergies from combining operations. For tax, purposes, the amount of Goodwill that is expected to be deductible is $41,734,000. Refer to Note 2 for more information regarding preliminary purchasing accounting for the Transactions.

6 DEBT

On March 16, 2020 concurrent with closing the Transactions, the Company completed a comprehensive refinancing of its debt (the "2020 Refinancing"). The 2020 Refinancing consists of a 25-year term loan with BH Finance LLC ("BH Finance"), an affiliate of Berkshire, in an aggregate principal amount of $576,000,000 at a 9% annual rate (referred to herein as "Credit Agreement" and "Term Loan"). The proceeds of the Term Loan were used, along with cash on hand, to refinance the Company's $431,502,000 in existing debt as well as to fund the acquisition of BH Media Newspaper Business assets and the stock of the Buffalo News for $140,000,000 in cash. With the closing of this transaction, BH Finance became Lee's sole lender. Proceeds of the Term Loan were used to finance the Transactions and refinance all of the Company's outstanding debt at par, including:

| • | To redeem the 9.5% senior secured notes ("Notes") pursuant to an indenture dated as of March 31, 2014 (the "Indenture"); and

| • | To repay the 12.0% second lien term loan pursuant to a Second Lien Term Agreement dated as of March 31, 2014, as amended (the "2nd Lien Term Loan").

There was no gain or loss recognized upon extinguishment of the Indenture, 1st and 2nd Lien Term Loan.

As a result of the 2020 Refinancing, the Indenture, First Lien Credit Agreement dated as of March 31, 2014 (the "1st Lien Credit Facility") and 2nd Lien Loan Agreement were terminated. The Credit Agreement documents the primary terms of the Term Loan. The Term Loan matures on March 15, 2045.

Debt is summarized as follows:

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Interest Rates (%) |
|  | September 27 |  |  | September 29 |  |  | September 27 |
(Thousands of Dollars) |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2020 |
Term Loan |  |  | 538,290 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 9.00 |
Revolving Facility |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
1st Lien Term Loan |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Notes |  |  | — |  |  |  | 363,420 |  |  |  | — |
2nd Lien Term Loan |  |  | — |  |  |  | 80,207 |  |  |  | — |
|  |  | 538,290 |  |  |  | 443,627 |  |  |  |  |
Unamortized debt issue costs |  |  | — |  |  |  | (11,282 | ) |  |  |  |
Less current maturities of long-term debt |  |  | 13,733 |  |  |  | 2,954 |  |  |  |  |
Total long-term debt |  |  | 524,557 |  |  |  | 429,391 |  |  |  |  |

As part of our refinancing, we incurred approximately $417,000 in debt financing costs, which are reflected in Debt financing and administrative costs. On March 16, 2020, we recognized $9,583,000 in Debt financing and administrative costs related to previously unamortized debt issuance costs related to the extinguished debt.

Our weighted average cost of debt at September 27, 2020, is 9.0%.

At September 27, 2020, debt was reduced $37,710,000 from the 2020 Refinancing, mainly due from Excess Cash Flow, as defined in the Credit Agreement. In addition, $1,000,000 from asset sales was used to pay debt through September 27, 2020. Excess Cash Flow in the fourth quarter totaled $13,733,000 and was paid in the 13-weeks ended December 27, 2020. This is shown as the Current maturities of long-term debt. Future payments are contingent on the Company's ability to generate future Excess Cash Flow.

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Interest

Interest on the Term Loan bears interest at a fixed annual rate of 9.0%, payable monthly, and matures in March 2045.

Principal Payments

Voluntary pre-payments under the Credit Agreement are not subject to call premiums and are payable at par.

Excluding the Excess Cash Flow payments described below, there are no scheduled mandatory principal payments required under the Credit Agreement. The Company is required to make mandatory pre-payments of the Term Loan as follows:

| • | The Company must prepay the Term Loan in an aggregate amount equal to 100% of any Net Cash Proceeds received by the Company or any Subsidiary from a sale, transfer, license, or other disposition of any property of the Company or any subsidiary in excess of $500,000 in any ninety (90) day period.

| • | Beginning on June 28, 2020, the Company is required to prepay the Term Loan with excess cash flow, defined as cash on the balance sheet at quarter end in excess of $20,000,000 ("Excess Cash Flow"). Excess Cash Flow is used to prepay the Term Loan, at par, and is due within 50-days of quarter end.

| • | If there is a Change of Control (as defined in the Credit Agreement), BH Finance has the option to require the Company to prepay the Term Loan in cash equal to 105% of the unpaid principal balance, plus accrued and unpaid interest.

The Company may, upon notice to BH Finance, at any time or from time to time, voluntarily prepay the Term Loan in whole or in part, at par, provided that any voluntary prepayment of the Term Loan shall be accompanied by payment of all accrued interest on the amount of principal prepaid to the date of prepayment.

Covenants and Other Matters

The Credit Agreement contains certain customary representations and warranties, certain affirmative and negative covenants and certain conditions. Certain existing and future direct and indirect material domestic subsidiaries of the Company are guarantors of the Company's obligations under the Credit Agreement.

The Credit Agreement restricts us from paying dividends on our Common Stock. This restriction does not apply to dividends issued with the Company's Equity Interests or from the proceeds of a sale of the Company's Equity Interests. Further, the Credit Agreement restricts or limits, among other things, subject to certain exceptions, the ability of the Company and its subsidiaries to: (i) incur additional indebtedness, (ii) make certain investments, (iii) enter into mergers, acquisitions and asset sales, (iv) incur or create liens and (v) enter into transactions with certain affiliates. The Credit Agreement contains various representations and warranties by the Company and may be terminated upon the occurrence of certain events of default, including non-payment. The Credit Agreement also contains cross-default provisions tied to other agreements with BH Finance entered into by the Company and its subsidiaries in connection with the 2020 Refinancing.

Security

The Term Loan is fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a joint and several first-priority basis by the Company's material domestic subsidiaries (the "Subsidiary Guarantors", but excluding MNI and TNI,), pursuant to a Guarantee and Collateral agreement dated as of March 16, 2020 (the "Guarantee and Collateral Agreement"). The Term Loan and the subsidiary guarantees are secured, subject to certain exceptions, priorities and limitations, by perfected security interests in substantially all property and assets, including certain real estate, of the Company and Subsidiary Guarantors.

Also, the Term Loan is secured, subject to certain exceptions, priorities and limitations in the various agreements, by first-priority security interests in the capital stock of, and other equity interests owned by, the Company and the Subsidiary Guarantors (excluding the capital stock of MNI and TNI).

Warrants

In connection with the 2nd Lien Term Loan, we entered into a Warrant Agreement dated as of March 31, 2014 (the "Warrant Agreement"). Under the Warrant Agreement, certain affiliates or designees of the 2nd Lien Lenders received on March 31, 2014 their pro rata share of warrants to purchase, in cash, an initial aggregate of 6,000,000 shares of Common Stock, subject to adjustment pursuant to anti-dilution provisions (the "Warrants"). The Warrants represent, when fully exercised, approximately 10.1% of shares of Common Stock outstanding at March 30, 2014 on a fully diluted basis. The exercise price of the Warrants is $4.19 per share.

The Warrant Agreement contains provisions requiring the Warrants to be measured at fair value and included in warrants and other liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. We re-measure the fair value of the liability each reporting period, with changes reported in other, net non-operating income (expense). The initial fair value of the Warrants was $16,930,000. See Note 13.

In connection with the issuance of the Warrants, we entered into a Registration Rights Agreement dated as of March 14, 2014 (the "Registration Rights Agreement"). The Registration Rights Agreement requires, among other matters, that we use our commercially reasonable efforts to maintain the effectiveness for certain specified periods of a shelf registration statements related to the shares of Common Stock to be issues upon exercise of the Warrants.

Other

In connection with the 2014 Refinancing, we capitalized $37,819,000 of debt financing costs. Amortization of debt financing costs totaled $11,282,000, $5,773,100 and $4,769,000 in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. In connection with the Transactions, we accelerated recognition of the unamortized debt financing costs of $9,583,000 in 2020.

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During the 52 weeks ended September 29, 2019, we identified an adjustment of $1,309,000 related to debt financing costs that should have been recorded in prior periods. The impact of recording this out of period adjustment was an increase to Debt financing and administrative costs of $1,309,000 in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the 52 weeks ended September 29, 2019 and an increase to debt of $1,309,000 on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. We do not believe the impact of the adjustment is material to our consolidated financial statements for any previously issued financial statements taken as a whole, or to our net income for the 52 weeks ended September 29, 2019. Further, the impact of the corrections was not material to any of our Consolidated Balance Sheets nor our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

Liquidity

Pursuant to the terms of the Credit Agreement, our new debt does not include a revolver.

Our liquidity, consisting of cash on the balance sheet, totals $33,733,000 at September 27, 2020. This liquidity amount excludes any future cash flows. We expect all interest and principal payments due in the next twelve months will be satisfied by existing cash and our cash flows, which will allow us to maintain an adequate level of liquidity. The Warrants as defined above, if and when exercised, would provide additional liquidity in an amount up to $25,140,000, which is not considered in the calculation of Excess Cash Flow.

There are numerous potential consequences under the Term Loan if an event of default, as defined, occurs and is not remedied. Many of those consequences are beyond our control. The occurrence of one or more events of default would give rise to the right of BH Finance to exercise their remedies under the Credit Agreement including, without limitation, the right to accelerate all outstanding debt and take actions authorized in such circumstances under applicable collateral security documents.

Our ability to operate as a going concern is dependent on our ability to remain in compliance with debt covenants and to repay, refinance or amend our debt agreements as they become due. The Credit Agreement (as defined above) has only limited affirmative covenants with which we are required to maintain compliance and there are no leverage or financial performance covenants. We are in compliance with our debt covenants at September 27, 2020.

7 PENSION PLANS

We have several non-contributory defined benefit pension plans that together cover selected employees. Benefits under the plans were generally based on salary and years of service. Effective in 2012 for Legacy Lee (as defined above), substantially all benefits are frozen and only a small amount of additional benefits are being accrued. Our liability and related expense for benefits under the plans are recorded over the service period of employees based upon annual actuarial calculations. Plan funding strategies are influenced by government regulations. Plan assets consist primarily of domestic and foreign corporate equity securities, government and corporate bonds, hedge fund investments, and cash.

In connection with the Transactions, we acquired four additional defined pension plans related to Buffalo News. The addition of these four plans significantly increased our benefit obligation in 2020.

The net periodic cost (benefit) components of our pension plans are as follows:

(Thousands of Dollars) |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Service cost for benefits earned during the year |  |  | 1,361 |  |  |  | 36 |  |  |  | 48 |
Interest cost on projected benefit obligation |  |  | 7,577 |  |  |  | 6,563 |  |  |  | 5,754 |
Expected return on plan assets |  |  | (12,986 | ) |  |  | (8,073 | ) |  |  | (7,933 | )
Amortization of net loss |  |  | 3,166 |  |  |  | 1,135 |  |  |  | 2,025 |
Amortization of prior service benefit |  |  | (6 | ) |  |  | (100 | ) |  |  | (136 | )
Net periodic pension cost (benefit) |  |  | (888 | ) |  |  | (439 | ) |  |  | (242 | )

Changes in benefit obligations and plan assets are as follows:

(Thousands of Dollars) |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Benefit obligation, beginning of year |  |  | 192,369 |  |  |  | 176,531 |
Business combination |  |  | 195,834 |  |  |  | — |
Service cost |  |  | 1,361 |  |  |  | 36 |
Interest cost |  |  | 7,577 |  |  |  | 6,563 |
Actuarial loss (gain) |  |  | 20,525 |  |  |  | 20,687 |
Benefits paid |  |  | (16,246 | ) |  |  | (11,448 | )
Administrative expenses paid |  |  | (39 | ) |  |  | — |
Benefit obligation, end of year |  |  | 401,381 |  |  |  | 192,369 |
Fair value of plan assets, beginning of year: |  |  | 146,999 |  |  |  | 151,255 |
Business combination |  |  | 152,331 |  |  |  | — |
Actual return on plan assets |  |  | 44,933 |  |  |  | 8,705 |
Benefits paid |  |  | (16,246 | ) |  |  | (11,448 | )
Administrative expenses paid |  |  | (2,794 | ) |  |  | (2,163 | )
Employer contributions |  |  | 6,131 |  |  |  | 650 |
Fair value of plan assets, end of year |  |  | 331,354 |  |  |  | 146,999 |
Funded status |  |  | (70,027 | ) |  |  | (45,370 | )

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Disaggregated amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets are as follows:

|  | September 27 |  |  | September 29 |
(Thousands of Dollars) |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Pension obligations |  |  | (70,027 | ) |  |  | (45,370 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (before income taxes) |  |  | (41,344 | ) |  |  | (53,066 | )

Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) are as follows:

|  | September 27 |  |  | September 29 |
(Thousands of Dollars) |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Unrecognized net actuarial loss |  | (41,344 | ) |  | (53,072 | )
Unrecognized prior service benefit |  | - |  |  | 6 |
|  |  | (41,344 | ) |  |  | (53,066 | )

We expect to recognize $4,018,000 of unrecognized net actuarial loss, in net periodic pension cost in 2021.

The accumulated benefit obligation for the plans total $401,381,000 at September 27, 2020 and $192,369,000 at September 29, 2019. The projected benefit obligation, accumulated benefit obligation and fair value of plan assets for the pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets are $401,381,000, $401,381,000 and $331,354,000, respectively, at September 27, 2020.

Assumptions

Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations are as follows:

|  | September 27 |  |  | September 29 |
(Percent) |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Discount rate |  | 2.8 |  |  | 3.1 |

Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost are as follows:

(Percent) |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Discount rate - service cost |  | 3.3 |  |  | 4.2 |  |  | 3.7 |
Discount rate - interest cost |  | 2.6 |  |  | 3.9 |  |  | 3.1 |
Expected long-term return on plan assets |  | 6.0 |  |  | 5.5 |  |  | 5.5 |

For 2020, the expected long-term return on plan assets is 6.0%. The assumptions related to the expected long-term return on plan assets are developed through an analysis of historical market returns, current market conditions and composition of plan assets.

Plan Assets

The primary objective of our investment strategy is to satisfy our pension obligations at a reasonable cost. Assets are actively invested to balance real growth of capital through appreciation, reinvestment of dividend and interest income, and safety of invested funds.

Our investment policy outlines the governance structure for decision making, sets investment objectives and restrictions and establishes criteria for selecting and evaluating investment managers. The use of derivatives is prohibited, except on a case-by-case basis where the manager has a proven capability, and only to hedge quantifiable risks such as exposure to foreign currencies. An investment committee, consisting of certain of our executives and supported by independent consultants, is responsible for monitoring compliance with the investment policy. Assets are periodically redistributed to maintain the appropriate policy allocation.

The weighted-average asset allocation of our pension assets is as follows:

(Percent) |  | Policy Allocation |  |  |  | Actual Allocation |
|  | September 27 |  |  | September 27 |  |  | September 29 |
Asset Class |  | 2020 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Equity securities |  | 50 |  |  | 48 |  |  | 49 |
Debt securities |  | 35 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 34 |
TIPS |  | 5 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 5 |
Hedge fund investments |  | 10 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 10 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | 2 |

Plan assets include no Company securities. Assets include cash and cash equivalents and receivables from time to time due to the need to reallocate assets within policy guidelines. Buffalo News assets are excluded from the table above as we are still converting their asset allocation from their previous policy to align with Legacy Lee. Buffalo news asset allocation consists of 92% equity securities, 2% debt securities, and 6% of cash and equivalents. As of September 27, 2020 Buffalo News had no policy for asset allocation.

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Fair Value Measurements

The fair value hierarchy of pension assets at September 27, 2020 is as follows:

(Thousands of Dollars) |  | NAV |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | — |  |  | 17,287 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Domestic equity securities |  | 5,500 |  |  | 151,584 |  |  | 60,333 |  |  | — |
International equity securities |  | — |  |  | 6,893 |  |  | 7,396 |  |  | — |
Emerging equity securities |  | — |  |  | 7,225 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
TIPS |  | — |  |  | 6,967 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Debt securities |  | — |  |  | 22,253 |  |  | 32,167 |  |  | — |
Hedge fund investments |  | 15,977 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |

The fair value hierarchy of pension assets at September 29, 2019 is as follows:

(Thousands of Dollars) |  | NAV |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,970 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Domestic equity securities |  |  | 9,524 |  |  |  | 8,971 |  |  |  | 40,593 |  |  |  | — |
International equity securities |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6,525 |  |  |  | 7,283 |  |  |  | — |
TIPS |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6,918 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Debt securities |  |  | — |  |  |  | 26,392 |  |  |  | 24,190 |  |  |  | — |
Hedge fund investments |  |  | 15,733 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |

There were no purchases, sales or transfers of assets classified as Level 3 in 2020 or 2019. Pension assets included in the fair value hierarchy at net asset value, or "NAV", include three investments:

| • | U.S. small cap value equity common/collective fund for which fund prices are not publicly available. The balance of this investment is $5,500,000 and $9,524,000 as of September 27, 2020 and September 29, 2019, respectively. We can redeem this fund on a monthly basis.
| • | Global equity long/short common/collective hedge fund-of-funds for which fund prices are established on a monthly basis. The balance of this investment is $7,096,000 and $7,923,000 as of September 27, 2020 and September 29, 2019, respectively. We can redeem up to 90% of our investment in this fund within 90-120 days of notice with the remaining distributed following completion of the audit of the Fund's financial statements for the year.
| • | Global equity long/short common/collective hedge fund-of-funds for which fund prices are established on a monthly basis. The balance of this investment is $8,881,000 and $7,810,000 as of September 27, 2020 and September 29, 2019, respectively. We can redeem up to 50% of our investment in this fund twice per year.

Cash Flows

Based on our forecast at September 27, 2020, we expect to make contributions of $3,190,000 to our pension trust in 2021.

We anticipate future benefit payments to be paid from the pension trust as follows:

(Thousands of Dollars) |  |  |
2021 |  | 22,881 |
2022 |  | 22,385 |
2023 |  | 22,548 |
2024 |  | 22,630 |
2025 |  | 22,511 |
2026-2030 |  | 109,885 |

Other Plans

We are obligated under an unfunded plan to provide fixed retirement payments to certain former employees. The plan is frozen and no additional benefits are being accrued. The accrued liability under the plan is $1,483,000 and $1,667,000 at September 27, 2020 and September 29, 2019, respectively.

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8 POSTRETIREMENT AND POSTEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS

We provide retiree medical and life insurance benefits under postretirement plans at several of our operating locations. The level and adjustment of participant contributions vary depending on the specific plan. In addition, St. Louis Post Dispatch LLC provides postemployment disability benefits to certain employee groups prior to retirement. Our liability and related expense for benefits under the postretirement plans are recorded over the service period of active employees based upon annual actuarial calculations. We accrue postemployment disability benefits when it becomes probable that such benefits will be paid and when sufficient information exists to make reasonable estimates of the amounts to be paid.

The net periodic postretirement benefit cost (benefit) components for our postretirement plans are as follows:

(Thousands of Dollars) |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Service cost for benefits earned during the year |  |  | 500 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Interest cost on projected benefit obligation |  |  | 869 |  |  |  | 412 |  |  |  | 365 |
Expected return on plan assets |  |  | (1,060 | ) |  |  | (1,082 | ) |  |  | (1,080 | )
Amortization of net actuarial gain |  |  | (743 | ) |  |  | (976 | ) |  |  | (984 | )
Amortization of prior service benefit |  |  | (647 | ) |  |  | (723 | ) |  |  | (785 | )
Curtailment gains |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,031 | )
Net periodic postretirement benefit |  |  | (1,081 | ) |  |  | (2,369 | ) |  |  | (4,515 | )

In March 2017, we notified certain participants in one of our postemployment medical plans of changes to their plan, which included notice that the plan will terminate on December 31, 2017. These changes resulted in a non-cash curtailment gain of $2,031,000 in 2018. The curtailment gain is recorded in assets loss (gain) on sales, impairments and other in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income. These charges also reduced the postemployment benefit obligation by $7,036,000 and reduced accumulated other comprehensive loss by $106,000 in 2018.

Changes in benefit obligations and plan assets are as follows:

(Thousands of Dollars) |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Benefit obligation, beginning of year |  |  | 11,752 |  |  |  | 11,756 |
Business combination |  |  | 36,800 |  |  |  | — |
Service cost |  |  | 500 |  |  |  | — |
Interest cost |  |  | 869 |  |  |  | 412 |
Actuarial loss (gain) |  |  | (982 | ) |  |  | 1,033 |
Benefits paid, net of premiums received |  |  | (1,374 | ) |  |  | (1,507 | )
Medicare Part D subsidies |  |  | 72 |  |  |  | 58 |
Benefit obligation, end of year |  |  | 47,637 |  |  |  | 11,752 |
Fair value of plan assets, beginning of year |  |  | 24,135 |  |  |  | 24,647 |
Business combination |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Actual return on plan assets |  |  | 1,594 |  |  |  | 2,097 |
Employer contributions |  |  | 646 |  |  |  | 222 |
Benefits paid, net of premiums and Medicare Part D subsidies received |  |  | (1,077 | ) |  |  | (1,449 | )
Benefits paid for active employees |  |  | (438 | ) |  |  | (1,382 | )
One time asset transfer |  |  | 846 |  |  |  |  |
Fair value of plan assets at measurement date |  |  | 25,706 |  |  |  | 24,135 |
Funded status |  |  | (21,931 | ) |  |  | 12,383 |

Disaggregated amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets are as follows:

|  | September 27 |  |  | September 29 |
(Thousands of Dollars) |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Non-current assets |  |  | 15,241 |  |  |  | 12,383 |
Postretirement benefit obligations |  |  | (37,172 | ) |  |  | — |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (before income tax benefit) |  |  | 14,269 |  |  |  | 14,818 |

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Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income are as follows:

|  | September 27 |  |  | September 29 |
(Thousands of Dollars) |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Unrecognized net actuarial gain |  | 4,826 |  |  | 4,970 |
Unrecognized prior service benefit |  | 9,443 |  |  | 9,848 |
|  |  | 14,269 |  |  |  | 14,818 |

We expect to recognize $687,000 and $647,000 of unrecognized net actuarial gain and unrecognized prior service benefit, respectively, in net periodic postretirement benefit in 2021.

Assumptions

Weighted-average assumptions used to determine postretirement benefit obligations are as follows:

|  | September 27 |  |  | September 29 |
(Percent) |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Discount rate |  | 2.7 |  |  | 2.8 |
Expected long-term return on plan assets |  | 4.5 |  |  | 4.5 |

The assumptions related to the expected long-term return on plan assets are developed through an analysis of historical market returns, current market conditions and composition of plan assets.

Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost are as follows:

(Percent) |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Discount rate - service cost |  | 3.4 |  |  | 4.0 |  |  | 3.4 |
Discount rate - interest cost |  | 2.8 |  |  | 3.7 |  |  | 2.8 |
Expected long-term return on plan assets |  | 4.5 |  |  | 4.5 |  |  | 4.5 |

For 2020, the expected long-term return on plan assets is 4.5%. The assumptions related to the expected long-term return on plan assets are developed through an analysis of historical market returns, current market conditions and composition of plan assets.

Assumed health care cost trend rates are as follows:

|  | September 27 |  |  | September 29 |
(Percent) |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Health care cost trend rates |  | 6.4 |  |  | 8.5 |
Rate to which the cost trend rate is assumed to decline (the “Ultimate Trend Rate”) |  | 4.5 |  |  | 4.5 |
Year in which the rate reaches the Ultimate Trend Rate |  | 2030 |  |  | 2027 |

Administrative costs related to indemnity plans are assumed to increase at the health care cost trend rates noted above.

Assumed health care cost trend rates have an effect on the amounts reported for the postretirement plans. A one percentage point change in assumed health care cost trend rates would have the following annualized effects on reported amounts for 2020:

|  | One Percentage Point |
(Thousands of Dollars) |  | Increase |  |  | Decrease |
Effect on net periodic postretirement benefit |  |  | 454 |  |  |  | (344 | )
Effect on postretirement benefit obligation |  |  | 6,524 |  |  |  | (5,216 | )

Plan Assets

Assets of the retiree medical plan are invested in a master trust. The master trust also pays benefits of active employee medical plans for the same union employees. The fair value of master trust assets allocated to the active employee medical plans at September 27, 2020 and September 29, 2019 is $671,000 and $1,955,000, respectively, which are included within the tables below.

The primary objective of our investment strategy is to satisfy our postretirement obligations at a reasonable cost. Assets are actively invested to balance real growth of capital through appreciation and reinvestment of dividend and interest income and safety of invested funds.

Our investment policy outlines the governance structure for decision making, sets investment objectives and restrictions, and establishes criteria for selecting and evaluating investment managers. The use of derivatives is strictly prohibited, except on a case-by-case basis where the manager has a proven capability, and only to hedge quantifiable risks such as exposure to foreign currencies. An investment committee, consisting of certain of our executives and supported by independent consultants, is responsible for monitoring compliance with the investment policy. Assets are periodically redistributed to maintain the appropriate policy allocation.

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The weighted-average asset allocation of our postretirement assets is as follows:

(Percent) |  | Policy Allocation |  |  | Actual Allocation |
|  |  |  |  |  | September 27 |  |  | September 29 |
Asset Class |  | September 27 2020 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Equity securities |  | 20 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 18 |
Debt securities |  | 70 |  |  | 70 |  |  | 68 |
Hedge fund investment |  | 10 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 14 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |

Plan assets include no Company securities. Assets include cash and cash equivalents and receivables from time to time due to the need to reallocate assets within policy guidelines.

Fair Value Measurements

The fair value hierarchy of postretirement assets at September 27, 2020 is as follows:

(Thousands of Dollars) |  | NAV |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | — |  |  | 59 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Domestic equity securities |  | 590 |  |  | 2,868 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Emerging equity securities |  | — |  |  | 539 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
International equity securities |  | — |  |  | 579 |  |  | 759 |  |  | — |
Debt securities |  | — |  |  | 18,229 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Hedge fund investment |  | 2,754 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |

The fair value hierarchy of postretirement assets at September 29, 2019 is as follows:

(Thousands of Dollars) |  | NAV |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Domestic equity securities |  |  | 778 |  |  |  | 2,640 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
International equity securities |  |  | — |  |  |  | 628 |  |  |  | 750 |  |  |  | — |
Debt securities |  |  | — |  |  |  | 17,707 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Hedge fund investment |  |  | 3,587 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |

There were no purchases, sales or transfers of assets classified as Level 3 in 2020 or 2019. Postretirement assets included in the fair value hierarchy at net asset value, or "NAV", include two investments:

| • | U.S. small cap value equity common/collective fund for which fund prices are not publicly available. The balance of this investment is $590,000 and $778,000 as of 9/27/2020 and 9/29/2019, respectively. We can redeem this fund on a monthly basis.
| • | Global equity long/short common/collective hedge fund-of-funds for which fund prices are established on a monthly basis. The balance of this investment is $2,754,000 and $3,587,000 as of 9/27/2020 and 9/29/2019, respectively. We can redeem up to 90% of our investment in this fund within 90-120 days of notice with the remaining distributed following completion of the audit of the Fund's financial statements for the year.

Cash Flows

Based on our forecast at September 27, 2020, we do not expect to contribute to our postretirement plans in 2021.

The Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003 (the “Modernization Act”) introduced a prescription drug benefit under Medicare (“Medicare Part D”) and a federal subsidy to sponsors of retiree health care benefit plans (“Subsidy”) that provide a benefit at least actuarially equivalent (as that term is defined in the Modernization Act) to Medicare Part D. We concluded we qualify for the Subsidy under the Modernization Act since the prescription drug benefits provided under our postretirement health care plans generally require lower premiums from covered retirees and have lower deductibles than the benefits provided in Medicare Part D and, accordingly, are actuarially equivalent to or better than, the benefits provided under the Modernization Act.

We anticipate future benefit payments to be paid either with future contributions to the plan or directly from plan assets, as follows:

|  |  |  |  |  |  | Less |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | Medicare |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | Gross |  |  | Part D |  |  | Net |
(Thousands of Dollars) |  |  | Payments |  |  | Subsidy |  |  | Payments |
2021 |  |  |  | 2,339 |  |  |  | (57 | ) |  |  | 2,282 |
2022 |  |  |  | 2,332 |  |  |  | (54 | ) |  |  | 2,278 |
2023 |  |  |  | 2,328 |  |  |  | (51 | ) |  |  | 2,277 |
2024 |  |  |  | 2,304 |  |  |  | (48 | ) |  |  | 2,256 |
2025 |  |  |  | 2,269 |  |  |  | (44 | ) |  |  | 2,225 |
2026-2030 |  |  |  | 10,908 |  |  |  | (166 | ) |  |  | 10,742 |

52

Postemployment Plan

Our postemployment benefit obligation, which represents certain disability benefits, is $2,371,000 at September 27, 2020 and $2,550,000 at September 29, 2019.

Subsequent Events (Unaudited)

In October, 2020, we eliminated retiree medical benefits to certain employees. The elimination of postretirement medical coverage resulted in non-cash curtailment gains of $23,800,000, which will be recognized in the 13-weeks ended December 27, 2020. Curtailment gains were calculated by revaluation of plan liabilities after consideration of other plan changes.

9 OTHER RETIREMENT PLANS

Substantially all of our employees are eligible to participate in a qualified defined contribution retirement plan. We also have a non-qualified plan for employees whose incomes exceed qualified plan limits.

Retirement and compensation plan costs, including costs related to stock based compensation and the defined contribution retirement plan, charged to continuing operations are $4,141,000 in 2020, $3,849,000 in 2019 and $4,430,000 in 2018.

Multiemployer Pension Plans

We contributed to five multiemployer defined benefit pension plans under the terms of collective-bargaining agreements ("CBAs"). The risks of participating in these multiemployer plans are different from our company-sponsored plans in the following aspects:

| • | We do not manage the plan investments or any other aspect of plan administration;

| • | Assets contributed to the multiemployer plan by one employer may be used to provide benefits to employees of other participating employers;

| • | If a participating employer stops contributing to the plan, the unfunded obligations of the plan may be borne by the remaining participating employers; and

| • | If we choose to stop participating in one or more multiemployer plans, we may be required to fund over time an amount based on the unfunded status of the plan at the time of withdrawal, referred to as "withdrawal liability".

Information related to these plans is outlined in the table below:

(Thousands of Dollars) | Zone Status September 30 |  | Funding Improvement Plan/Rehabilitation Plan Status |  |  | Contributions |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Expiration Dates of
Pension Plan | 2020 | 2019 |  | Status |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | Surcharge Imposed |  | CBAs
GCIU- Employer Retirement Fund | Red | Red |  | Implemented |  |  | 87 |  |  | 98 |  |  | 107 |  |  | No |  | 3/24/2022
District No. 9, International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers Pension Trust | Green | Green |  | N/A |  |  | 31 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 29 |  |  | N/A |  | 2/28/2021
CWA/ITU negotiated Pension Plan | Red | N/A |  | N/A |  |  | 456 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | No |  | 6/10/2022
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1/13/2022
IAM National Pension Fund | Green | N/A |  | N/A |  |  | 86 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | N/A |  | 4/18/2021
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 12/19/2020
Operating Engineers Central Pension Fund of the International Union of Operating Engineers and Participating Employers | Green | N/A |  | N/A |  |  | 52 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | N/A |  | 12/16/2020

53

The Company has effectuated withdrawals from several multiemployer plans. We record estimates of withdrawal liabilities as of the time the contracts excluding multiemployer plan benefits are ratified. As of September 27, 2020 and September 29, 2019, we had $11,473,000 and $7,359,000 withdrawal liabilities recorded in Other Liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The liabilities reflect the estimated net present value of payments to the fund, payable over 20-years.

Several multiemployer plans have CBA's that expire in the next twelve months. It is reasonably possible that if the Company is unable to renegotiate these agreements employees could go on strike which could disrupt the normal operations of the Company.

Subsequent Events (unaudited)

In October 2020, we effectuated a withdrawal from a multiemployer plan at our Buffalo subsidiary. We estimate a withdrawal liability of $12,300,000 that will be recorded in the 13-weeks ended December 27, 2020.

10 COMMON STOCK AND CLASS B COMMON STOCK

Common Stock

The par value of our Common Stock was changed from $2.00 per share to $0.01 per share effective January 30, 2012. Holders of our previous 2nd lien agreement shared in the issuance of 6,743,640 shares of our Common Stock, an amount equal to 13% of outstanding shares on a pro forma basis as of January 30, 2012.

In connection with the previous 2nd Lien Term Loan, we entered into the Warrant Agreement. Under the Warrant Agreement, certain affiliates or designees of the 2nd Lien Lenders received on March 31, 2014 their pro rata share of Warrants to purchase, in cash, 6,000,000 shares of Common Stock, subject to adjustment pursuant to anti-dilution provisions. The Warrants represent, when fully exercised, approximately 10.1% of shares of Common Stock outstanding at March 30, 2014 on a fully diluted basis. The exercise price of the Warrants is $4.19 per share.

The Warrant Agreement contains a cash settlement provision in the event of a change of control prior to March 31, 2018, as well as other provisions requiring the Warrants be measured at fair value and classified as warrants and other liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. We re-measure the liability to fair value each reporting period, with changes reported in other non-operating income (expense). The initial fair value of the Warrants was $16,930,000. At September 27, 2020, the fair value of the Warrants is $363,000.

In connection with the issuance of the Warrants, we entered into the Registration Rights Agreement. The Registration Rights Agreement requires, among other matters, that we use our commercially reasonable efforts to file and maintain the effectiveness for certain specified periods of a shelf registration statement covering the shares of Common Stock upon exercise of the Warrants.

Class B Common Stock

In 1986, one share of Class B Common Stock was issued as a dividend for each share of Common Stock held by stockholders of record at the time. The transfer of Class B Common Stock was restricted. As originally anticipated, the number of outstanding Class B shares decreased over time through trading and reached the sunset level of 5,600,000 shares in March 2011. In March 2011, in accordance with the sunset provisions established in 1986, we effected conversion of all outstanding shares of Class B Common Stock to Common Stock. As a result, all stockholders have one vote per share on all future matters. Class B shares formerly had ten votes per share.

11 STOCK OWNERSHIP PLANS

Total non-cash stock compensation expense is $1,042,000, $1,638,000 and $1,857,000, in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

At September 27, 2020, we have reserved 4,232,000 shares of Common Stock for issuance to employees under an incentive and nonstatutory stock option and restricted stock plan approved by stockholders of which 3,804,000 shares are available for granting of non-qualified stock options or issuance of restricted Common Stock.

Stock Options

Options are granted at a price equal to the fair market value on the date of the grant and are exercisable, upon vesting, over a ten-year period.

A summary of stock option activity is as follows:

(Thousands of Shares) |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Under option, beginning of year |  |  | 809 |  |  |  | 1,100 |  |  |  | 1,271 |
Exercised |  |  | — |  |  |  | (93 | ) |  |  | (131 | )
Canceled |  |  | (396 | ) |  |  | (198 | ) |  |  | (40 | )
Under option, end of year |  |  | 413 |  |  |  | 809 |  |  |  | 1,100 |
Exercisable, end of year |  |  | 413 |  |  |  | 809 |  |  |  | 1,100 |

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Weighted average prices of stock options are as follows:

(Dollars) |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Exercised |  | — |  |  | 2.06 |  |  | 1.42 |
Cancelled |  | 2.53 |  |  | 2.08 |  |  | 2.49 |
Under option, end of year |  | 1.14 |  |  | 1.82 |  |  | 1.88 |

A summary of stock options outstanding at September 27, 2020 is as follows:

(Dollars) |  |  | Options Outstanding |  |  | Options Exercisable |
Range of |  |  | Number Outstanding (Thousands) |  |  | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) |  |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price |  |  | Number Exercisable (Thousands) |  |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price |
1 - 2 |  |  | 412 |  |  | 1.7 |  |  | 1.14 |  |  | 412 |  |  | 1.14 |
2 - 3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
|  |  | 412 |  |  | 1.7 |  |  | 1.14 |  |  | 412 |  |  | 1.14 |

There is no unrecognized compensation expense for unvested stock options at September 27, 2020.

The stock options outstanding have no aggregate intrinsic value at September 27, 2020.

Restricted Common Stock

A summary of restricted Common Stock activity follows:

(Thousands of Shares) |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Outstanding, beginning of year |  |  | 1,477 |  |  |  | 2,059 |  |  |  | 2,478 |
Granted |  |  | 720 |  |  |  | 788 |  |  |  | 587 |
Vested |  |  | (605 | ) |  |  | (1,337 | ) |  |  | (936 | )
Forfeited |  |  | (42 | ) |  |  | (33 | ) |  |  | (70 | )
Outstanding, end of year |  |  | 1,550 |  |  |  | 1,477 |  |  |  | 2,059 |

Weighted average grant date fair values of restricted Common Stock are as follows:

(Dollars) |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Outstanding, beginning of year |  | 2.49 |  |  | 2.31 |  |  | 2.69 |
Granted |  | 1.62 |  |  | 2.18 |  |  | 2.33 |
Vested |  | 2.34 |  |  | 2.03 |  |  | 3.31 |
Forfeited |  | 2.44 |  |  | 2.13 |  |  | 2.85 |
Outstanding, end of year |  | 2.15 |  |  | 2.49 |  |  | 2.31 |

Total unrecognized compensation expense for unvested restricted Common Stock at September 27, 2020 is $1,241,000, which will be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.3 years.

In December 2020, we expect to issue shares of 600,000 restricted Common Stock to employees. All restrictions with respect to these shares lapse in December 2023.

Stock Purchase Plans

We have 270,000 shares of Common Stock available for issuance pursuant to our Employee Stock Purchase Plan. We also have 8,700 shares of Common Stock available for issuance under our Supplemental Employee Stock Purchase Plan. There has been no activity under these plans in 2020, 2019 or 2018.

55

12 INCOME TAXES

Income tax expense (benefit) consists of the following:

(Thousands of Dollars) |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Current: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal |  | 8,779 |  |  | 8,763 |  |  | 275 |
State |  | (11 | ) |  | 1,171 |  |  | 875 |
Deferred |  | (4,665 | ) |  | (2,003 | ) |  | (17,378 | )
|  |  | 4,104 |  |  |  | 7,931 |  |  |  | (16,228 | )

Income tax expense (benefit) related to continuing operations differs from the amounts computed by applying the U.S. federal income tax rate to income (loss) before income taxes. The reasons for these differences are as follows:

(Percent of Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes) |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Computed “expected” income tax expense (benefit) |  | 21.0 |  |  | 21.0 |  |  | 24.7 |
State income tax expense, net of federal tax impact |  | 21.7 |  |  | 1.3 |  |  | 2.6 |
Net income of associated companies taxed at dividend rates |  | (18.3 | ) |  | (3.9 | ) |  | (5.1 | )
Resolution of tax matters |  | (30.5 | ) |  | 1.7 |  |  | (8.4 | )
Remeasurement due to rate changes |  | 24.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Non-deductible expenses |  | 19.4 |  |  | 3.4 |  |  | 2.9 |
Valuation allowance |  | 110.0 |  |  | 10.8 |  |  | 9.9 |
Warrant valuation |  | (7.3 | ) |  | (0.6 | ) |  | 0.2 |
Revaluation of deferred income taxes due to law charges |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (79.1 | )
Other |  | 4.4 |  |  | (0.4 | ) |  | (0.4 | )
|  |  | 144.4 |  |  |  | 33.3 |  |  |  | (52.7 | )

Net deferred income tax liabilities consist of the following components:

|  | September 27 |  |  | September 29 |
(Thousands of Dollars) |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Deferred income tax liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Property and equipment |  |  | (18,646 | ) |  |  | (14,424 | )
Identified intangible assets |  |  | (16,765 | ) |  |  | (15,358 | )
ASC 842 - Leases DTL |  |  | (18,669 | ) |  |  | — |
Investments |  |  | (6,154 | ) |  |  | (3,164 | )
|  |  | (60,234 | ) |  |  | (32,946 | )
Deferred income tax assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for doubtful accounts |  |  | 1,733 |  |  |  | 1,279 |
Pension and postretirement benefits |  |  | 7,075 |  |  |  | 2,048 |
Long-term debt |  |  | 350 |  |  |  | (9,219 | )
Interest deduction limitation |  |  | 5,383 |  |  |  | 4,255 |
Operating loss carryforwards |  |  | 28,240 |  |  |  | 41,610 |
ASC 842 - Leases DTA |  |  | 18,675 |  |  |  | — |
Accrued compensation |  |  | 13,142 |  |  |  | 1,810 |
Accrued expenses |  |  | 1,673 |  |  |  | 426 |
Other |  |  | 430 |  |  |  | 844 |
|  |  | 76,701 |  |  |  | 43,053 |
Valuation allowance |  |  | (31,675 | ) |  |  | (39,913 | )
Net deferred income tax liabilities |  |  | (15,208 | ) |  |  | (29,806 | )

All deferred taxes are categorized as non-current.

56

A reconciliation of 2020 and 2019 changes in gross unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

(Thousands of Dollars) |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Balance, beginning of year |  |  | 18,252 |  |  |  | 16,104 |
Increases (decreases) in tax positions for prior years |  |  | (331 | ) |  |  | 33 |
Increases in tax positions for the current year |  |  | 9,825 |  |  |  | 2,472 |
Lapse in statute of limitations |  |  | (738 | ) |  |  | (357 | )
Balance, end of year |  |  | 27,008 |  |  |  | 18,252 |

Approximately $10,319,000 and $10,665,000 of the gross unrecognized tax benefit balances for 2020 and 2019, respectively, relate to state net operating losses which are netted against deferred taxes on our balance sheet. The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would impact the effective tax rate was $12,518,000 at September 27, 2020. We recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense. The amount of accrued interest related to unrecognized tax benefits was, net of tax, $1,000,000 at September 27, 2020 and $848,000 at September 29, 2019. There were no amounts provided for penalties at September 27, 2020 or September 29, 2019.

At September 27, 2020, we had a deferred tax asset of $5,383,000 related to disallowed interest expense.

No significant income tax audits are currently in progress and the Company has not received any notices of intent to audit. Certain of the Company's state income tax returns for the year ended September 29, 2014 are open for examination. The Federal and remaining state returns are open beginning with the September 28, 2015 year.

At September 27, 2020, we have state tax benefits of approximately $46,066,000 in net operating loss ("NOL") carryforwards that expire between 2021 and 2040. These NOL carryforwards result in a deferred income tax asset of $36,392,000 at September 27, 2020, a portion of which is offset by a valuation allowance.

13 FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The following methods and assumptions are used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate value.

The carrying amounts of cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate fair value because of the short maturity of those instruments. Investments totaling $4,226,000, including our 16.7% ownership of the non-voting common stock and 0.7% of the voting common stock of TCT, which represents 8.7% of total TCT stock, and a private equity investment, are carried at cost. As of September 27, 2020, the approximate fair value of the private equity investment is $702,000 which is a level 3 fair value measurement.

At September 27, 2020 we had no floating rate debt. Our fixed rate debt consists of $538,290,000 principal amount of the Term Note. At September 27, 2020, based on market quotations, the fair value approximates carrying value. This represents a Level 2 fair value measurement.

As discussed more fully in Notes 6 and 10, we recorded a liability for the Warrants issued in connection with the Warrant Agreement. The liability was initially measured at its fair value and we re-measure the liability to fair value each reporting period, with changes reported in other non-operating income (expense). The initial fair value of the Warrants was $16,930,000. The fair value of the Warrants at September 27, 2020, September 29, 2019 and September 30, 2018 is $363,000, $1,195,000 and $1,807,000, respectively. In other, net non-operating income (expense) in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income, we recognized income of $832,000 in 2020, income of $612,000 in 2019 and expense of $226,000 in 2018, for adjustments in the fair value of the Warrants.

The following assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of the Warrants:

|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Volatility (Percent) |  |  | 84 |  |  |  | 48 |  |  |  | 31 |
Risk-free interest rate (Percent) |  |  | 0.12 |  |  |  | 1.58 |  |  |  | 2.91 |
Expected term (Years) |  |  | 1.5 |  |  |  | 2.5 |  |  |  | 3.5 |
Estimated fair value (Dollars) |  |  | 0.06 |  |  |  | 0.20 |  |  |  | 0.3 |

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14 EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share:

(Thousands of Dollars and Shares, Except Per Common Share Data) |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Income attributable to Lee Enterprises, Incorporated: |  |  | (3,106 | ) |  |  | 14,268 |  |  |  | 45,766 |
Weighted average Common Stock |  |  | 58,105 |  |  |  | 57,648 |  |  |  | 57,009 |
Less non-vested restricted Common Stock |  |  | (1,536 | ) |  |  | (2,083 | ) |  |  | (2,307 | )
Basic average Common Stock |  |  | 56,569 |  |  |  | 55,565 |  |  |  | 54,702 |
Dilutive stock options and restricted Common Stock |  |  | 367 |  |  |  | 1,319 |  |  |  | 1,246 |
Diluted average Common Stock |  |  | 56,936 |  |  |  | 56,884 |  |  |  | 55,948 |
Earnings per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic: |  |  | (0.05 | ) |  |  | 0.26 |  |  |  | 0.84 |
Diluted |  |  | (0.05 | ) |  |  | 0.25 |  |  |  | 0.82 |

For 2020 we had 6,000,000 weighted average shares not considered in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the Company recorded net losses. For 2019 and 2018, we had 6,384,000 and 7,206,000 weighted average shares, respectively, not considered in the computation of diluted earnings per common share because the exercise prices of the related stock options and Warrants were in excess of the fair market value of our Common Stock.

15 ALLOWANCE FOR DOUBTFUL ACCOUNTS

Valuation and qualifying account information related to the allowance for doubtful accounts receivable related to continuing operations is as follows:

(Thousands of Dollars) |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Balance, beginning of year |  |  | 6,434 |  |  |  | 4,806 |  |  |  | 4,796 |
Additions charged to expense |  |  | 8,607 |  |  |  | 2,751 |  |  |  | 1,952 |
Deductions from reserves |  |  | (1,610 | ) |  |  | (1,123 | ) |  |  | (1,942 | )
Balance, end of year |  |  | 13,431 |  |  |  | 6,434 |  |  |  | 4,806 |

16 OTHER INFORMATION

Compensation and other accrued liabilities consist of the following:

|  | September 27 |  |  | September 29 |
(Thousands of Dollars) |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Compensation |  | 16,915 |  |  | 9,170 |
Retirement plans |  | 2,317 |  |  | 2,637 |
Other |  | 25,046 |  |  | 5,904 |
|  |  | 44,278 |  |  |  | 17,711 |

Supplemental cash flow information includes the following cash payments:

(Thousands of Dollars) |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Interest |  | 49,518 |  |  | 47,555 |  |  | 52,180 |
Debt financing and reorganization costs |  | 707 |  |  | 1,773 |  |  | 437 |
Income tax payments, net |  | 446 |  |  | 8,439 |  |  | 464 |

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of deferred income taxes at September 27, 2020 and September 29, 2019, is related to pension and postretirement benefits.

58

17 COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES

Capital Expenditures

At September 27, 2020, we had construction and equipment purchase commitments totaling approximately $2,050,000.

Income Taxes

Commitments exclude unrecognized tax benefits to be recorded in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes. We are unable to reasonably estimate the ultimate amount or timing of cash settlements with the respective taxing authorities for such matters. See Note 12.

We file income tax returns with the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") and various state tax jurisdictions. From time to time, we are subject to routine audits by those agencies, and those audits may result in proposed adjustments. We have considered the alternative interpretations that may be assumed by the various taxing agencies, believe our positions taken regarding our filings are valid, and that adequate tax liabilities have been recorded to resolve such matters. However, the actual outcome cannot be determined with certainty and the difference could be material, either positively or negatively, to the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income (Loss) in the periods in which such matters are ultimately determined. We do not believe the final resolution of such matters will be material to our consolidated financial position or cash flows.

We have various income tax examinations ongoing and at various stages of completion, but generally our income tax returns have been audited or closed to audit through 2014.

Legal Proceedings

We are involved in a variety of legal actions that arise in the normal course of business. Insurance coverage mitigates potential loss for certain of these matters. While we are unable to predict the ultimate outcome of these legal actions, it is our opinion that the disposition of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on our Consolidated Financial Statements, taken as a whole.

Multiemployer Pension Plans

We have effectuated withdrawals from various multiemployer plans, and as a result, we are subject to a claim from the multiemployer pension plan for a withdrawal liability. The amount and timing of such liability will be dependent on actions taken, or not taken, by the Company and the pension plan, as well as the future investment performance and funding status of the plan. Any withdrawal liabilities determined are funded over a period of 20 years.

Restructuring Costs and Other

We have recognized $13,751,000 of expense related to restructuring costs and other. This amount consists of an estimated withdrawal impact of $4,400,000, severance expense of $6,272,000, transition costs related to the Transactions of $1,807,000, and other of $1,272,808. We did not have a significant restructuring liability as of September 27, 2020 or September 29, 2019.

18 LEASES

We lease certain real estate, vehicles, and equipment. Our leases have a remaining lease terms of 1 to 40 years, some of which may include options to extend the leases, and some of which may include options to terminate the leases. The exercise of lease renewal options is at our sole discretion. The depreciable lives of assets and leasehold improvements are limited by the expected lease term unless there is a transfer of title or purchase option reasonably certain of exercise.

As of September 27, 2020, our Consolidated balance sheets include $70,933,000 of operating lease right-to-use assets, $8,577,000 of short-term operating lease liabilities included in Other current liabilities, and $62,374,000 of long-term operating lease liabilities.

Total lease expense consists of the following:

(Thousands of Dollars) |  | September 27, 2020 |
Operating lease costs |  |  | 10,148 |
Variable lease costs |  |  | 1,911 |
Short-term lease costs |  |  | 426 |
Total Operating Lease Expense |  |  | 12,485 |

Supplemental cash flow information related to our operating leases was as follows:

(Thousands of Dollars) |  | September 27, 2020 |
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: |  |  |  |
Operating cash outflow from operating leases |  |  | 10,003 |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities |  |  | 1,630 |

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As of September 27, 2020, maturities of lease liabilities were as follows:

(Thousands of Dollars) |  | September 27, 2020 |
2021 |  |  | 14,438 |
2022 |  |  | 12,103 |
2023 |  |  | 11,213 |
2024 |  |  | 10,538 |
2025 |  |  | 9,763 |
Thereafter |  |  | 41,390 |
Total lease payments |  |  | 99,445 |
Less: interest |  |  | (28,494) |
Present value of lease liabilities |  |  | 70,951 |

As of the year ended September 29, 2019, minimum lease payments during the five years ending September 2024 and thereafter were $3,403,000, $2,290,000, $2,238,000, $1,637,000, $1,367,000, and $4,991,000, respectively.

Our lease contracts are discounted using the incremental borrowing rate for the Company. We determined the incremental borrowing rate based on a senior secured collateral adjusted yield curve for the Company. This yield curve reflects the estimated rate that would have been paid by the Company to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term in a similar economic environment. This rate was reassessed as part of the Transactions and was utilized to re-measure the assumed lease liabilities as well as the BH Lease as of March 16, 2020. We will assess this rate annually to determine whether it needs to be updated. The weighted average revolving lease terms and discount rates for all of our operating leases were as follows.

|  | September 27, 2020 |
Weighted average remaining lease term (years) |  |  | 8.64 |
Weighted Average discount rate |  |  | 8.24 | %

19 QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (UNAUDITED)

Per share amounts may not add due to rounding.

|  | Quarter Ended |
(Thousands of Dollars, Except Per Common Share Data) |  | December |  |  | March |  |  | June |  |  | September |
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating revenue |  |  | 122,343 |  |  |  | 121,367 |  |  |  | 182,528 |  |  |  | 191,766 |
Net income (loss) |  |  | 5,717 |  |  |  | (4,990 | ) |  |  | (727 | ) |  |  | (1,261 | )
Income (loss) attributable to Lee Enterprises, Incorporated |  |  | 5,320 |  |  |  | (5,367 | ) |  |  | (1,275 | ) |  |  | (1,784 | )
Earnings (loss) per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  | 0.09 |  |  |  | (0.09 | ) |  |  | (0.02 | ) |  |  | (0.03 | )
Diluted |  |  | 0.09 |  |  |  | (0.09 | ) |  |  | (0.02 | ) |  |  | (0.03 | )
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating revenue |  |  | 136,201 |  |  |  | 122,704 |  |  |  | 127,284 |  |  |  | 123,665 |
Net income (loss) |  |  | 10,719 |  |  |  | (2,327 | ) |  |  | 6,172 |  |  |  | 1,345 |
Income (loss) attributable to Lee Enterprises, Incorporated |  |  | 10,361 |  |  |  | (2,678 | ) |  |  | 5,766 |  |  |  | 819 |
Earnings (loss) per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  | 0.19 |  |  |  | (0.05 | ) |  |  | 0.10 |  |  |  | 0.01 |
Diluted |  |  | 0.18 |  |  |  | (0.05 | ) |  |  | 0.10 |  |  |  | 0.01 |

60

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Stockholders and Board of Directors

Lee Enterprises, Incorporated:

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Lee Enterprises, Incorporated and subsidiaries (the Company) as of September 27, 2020 and September 29, 2019, the related consolidated statements of income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss), stockholders’ equity (deficit), and cash flows for the 52-week period ended September 27, 2020, the 52-week period ended September 29, 2019, and the 53-week period ended September 30, 2018 and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of September 27, 2020 and September 29, 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the 52-week period ended September 27, 2020, the 52-week period ended September 29, 2019, and the 53-week period ended September 30, 2018, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of September 27, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated December 11, 2020 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Change in Accounting Principle

As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has elected to change its method of accounting for leases as of September 30, 2019 due to the adoption of Accounting Standard Update (ASU) No. 2016-02, Leases, and related updates, which established Accounting Standard Codification Topic 842, Leases.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ KPMG LLP

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2008.

Chicago, Illinois

December 11, 2020

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EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibits marked with an asterisk (*) are incorporated by reference to documents previously filed by us with the SEC, as indicated. Exhibits marked with a plus (+) are management contracts or compensatory plan contracts or arrangements filed pursuant to Item 601(b)(10)(iii)(A) of Regulation S-K. All other documents listed are filed with this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Number | Description
3.1 * | Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Lee Enterprises, Incorporated effective as of January 30, 2012 (Exhibit 3.1 to Form 8-K filed on February 3, 2012)
3.2 * | Second Amended and Restated By-Laws of Lee Enterprises, Incorporated effective as of June 26, 2019 (Exhibit 3.1 to Form 8-K filed June 27, 2019)
4.1 * | Form of Indenture of Lee Enterprises, Incorporated (Exhibit 4.3 to Form S-3 Registration Statement filed on February 10, 2020)
4.2 * | Warrant Agreement dated as of March 31, 2014 between Lee Enterprises, Incorporated and Equiniti Trust Company (formerly Wells Fargo Bank, National Association) (Exhibit 4.2 to Form 8-K filed on April 4, 2014)
4.3 * | Registration Rights Agreement dated as of March 31, 2014 among Lee Enterprises, Incorporated, Mudrick Capital Management, LP, Hawkeye Capital Management, LLC, Cohanzick Management, LLC, Aristeia Capital, L.L.C., CVC Credit Partners, LLC, Franklin Mutual Advisors, LLC and Wingspan Master Fund, LP (Exhibit 4.3 to Form 8-K filed on April 4, 2014)
10.1 * | Asset and Stock Purchase Agreement dated January 29, 2020 by and among Lee Enterprises, Incorporated, Berkshire Hathaway Inc. and BH Media Group, Inc. (Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed on January 29, 2020)
10.2 * | Credit Agreement dated January 29, 2020 by and between Lee Enterprises, Incorporated and BH Finance LLC (Exhibit 10.2 to Form 8-K filed on January 29, 2020)
10.3 * | Form of Lease Agreement by and between Lee Enterprises, Incorporated and BH Media Group, Inc. (Exhibit 10.3 to Form 8-K filed on January 29, 2020)
10.4 * | Operating Agreement of St. Louis Post-Dispatch LLC, dated as of May 1, 2000, as amended by Amendment No. 1 to Operating Agreement of St. Louis Post-Dispatch LLC, dated as of June 1, 2001 (Exhibit 10.5 to Form 10-Q for the Fiscal Quarter Ended June 30, 2005)
10.5 * | Amendment Number Two to Operating Agreement of St. Louis Post-Dispatch LLC, effective February 18, 2009, between Pulitzer Inc. and Pulitzer Technologies, Inc. (Exhibit 10.13 to Form 10-Q for the Fiscal Quarter Ended March 29, 2009)
10.6 * | Amended and Restated Joint Operating Agreement, dated December 22, 1988, between Star Publishing Company and Citizen Publishing Company (Exhibit 10.2 to Form 10-Q for the Fiscal Quarter Ended June 30, 2005)
10.7 * | Amended and Restated Partnership Agreement, dated as of November 30, 2009, between Star Publishing Company and Citizen Publishing Company (Exhibit 10.2 to Form 10-Q for the Fiscal Quarter Ended December 27, 2009)
10.8 * | Amended and Restated Management Agreement, dated as of November 30, 2009, between Star Publishing Company and Citizen Publishing Company (Exhibit 10.1 to Form 10-Q for the Fiscal Quarter Ended December 27, 2009)
10.9 * | License Agreement (Star), as amended and restated November 30, 2009, between Star Publishing Company and TNI Partners (Exhibit 10.3 to Form 10-Q for the Fiscal Quarter Ended December 27, 2009)
10.10 * | License Agreement (Citizen), as amended and restated November 30, 2009, between Citizen Publishing Company and TNI Partners (Exhibit 10.4 to Form 10-Q for the Fiscal Quarter Ended December 27, 2009)
10.11 * | License Agreement, dated as of May 1, 2000, by and between Pulitzer Inc. and St. Louis Post-Dispatch LLC (Exhibit 10.7 to Form 10-Q for the Fiscal Quarter Ended June 30, 2005)

62

Number | Description
10.12 * | Non-Confidentiality Agreement, dated as of May 1, 2000 (Exhibit 10.10 to Form 10-Q for the Fiscal Quarter Ended June 30, 2005)
10.13.1+ * | Lee Enterprises, Incorporated 2020 Long-Term Incentive Plan (effective February 19, 2020) (Exhibit 4.2 to Registration Statement on Form S-8 (Reference No. 333-237605) filed on April 8, 2020)
10.13.2+* | Form of Restricted Stock Agreement related to Lee Enterprises, Incorporated 2020 Long-Term Incentive Plan (Effective February 19, 2020) (Exhibit 10.2 to Form 8-K filed on February 23, 2016)
10.13.3+ * | Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement related to Lee Enterprises, Incorporated 2020 Long-Term Incentive Plan (Effective February 19, 2020) (Exhibit 10.3 to Form 8-K filed on February 23, 2016)
10.13.4+ * | Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement related to Lee Enterprises, Incorporated 2020 Long-Term Incentive Plan (Effective February 19, 2020) (Exhibit 10.4 to Form 8-K filed on February 23, 2016)
10.14 +* | Lee Enterprises, Incorporated Supplementary Benefit Plan, Amended and Restated as of January 1, 2008 (Exhibit 10.25 to Form 10-K for the Fiscal Year Ended September 28, 2008)
10.15+ * | Lee Enterprises, Incorporated Outside Directors Deferral Plan, Amended and Restated as of January 1, 2008 (Exhibit 10.26 to Form 10-K for the Fiscal Year Ended September 28, 2008)
10.16.1+* | Form of Amended and Restated Employment Agreement between Lee Enterprises, Incorporated and its President and Chief Executive Officer (Exhibit 10.31.2 to Form 10-K for the Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2018)
10.16.2+* | Form of Employment Agreement between Lee Enterprises, Incorporated and Certain of its Senior Executive Officers (Exhibit 10.31.3 to Form 10-K for the Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2018)
10.17+* | Form of Indemnification Agreement for Lee Enterprises, Incorporated Directors and Executive Officers Group (Exhibit 10.32 to Form 10-K for the Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2018)
10.18+* | Lee Enterprises, Incorporated Amended and Restated Incentive Compensation Program (Effective February 22, 2017) (Appendix B to Schedule 14A Definitive Proxy Statement for 2017)
21 | Subsidiaries and associated companies
23 | Consent of KPMG LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
24 | Power of Attorney
31.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS | Inline XBRL Instance Document (the Instance Document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document)
101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

63

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Annual Report on Form 10-K to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on the 11th day of December 2020.

LEE ENTERPRISES, INCORPORATED

/s/ Kevin D. Mowbray |  | /s/ Timothy R. Millage
Kevin D. Mowbray |  | Timothy R. Millage
President and Chief Executive Officer |  | Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
(Principal Executive Officer) |  | (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in their respective capacities on the 11th day of December 2020.

Signature |  |
/s/ Richard R. Cole |  | Director
Richard R. Cole |  |
/s/ Steven C. Fletcher |  | Director
Steven C. Fletcher |  |
/s/ Margaret R. Liberman |  | Director
Margaret R. Liberman |  |
/s/ Mary E. Junck |  | Director
Mary E. Junck |  |
/s/ Brent M. Magid |  | Director
Brent Magid |  |
/s/ William E. Mayer |  | Director
William E. Mayer |  |
/s/ Herbert W. Moloney III |  | Director
Herbert W. Moloney III |  |
/s/ David T. Pearson |  | Director
David T. Pearson |  |
/s/ Kevin D. Mowbray |  | President and Chief Executive Officer, and Director
Kevin D. Mowbray |  |
/s/ Gregory P. Schermer |  | Director
Gregory P. Schermer |  |
/s/ Timothy R. Millage |  | Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
Timothy R. Millage |  |

64