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Employee share scheme reserve

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

12	Employee share scheme reserve

As of 31 December 2025, the employee share-based compensation reserve balance was $661,495 (as of 31 December 2024: $564,127 and as of 31 December 2023: $507,677).

Total charges for the year, as a result of the fair value changes and new options granted and vested during the year, related to share-based payment transactions recognized in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income were $97,368 for the year ended 31 December 2025 (charges of $56,450 for the year ended 31 December 2024 and of $285,651 for the year ended 31 December 2023). Options exercised during the year ended 31 December 2025 were $0 ($0 for the year ended 31 December 2024 and $551,640 for the year ended 31 December 2023).

2025

2024

2023

Average

exercise

price per

Number of

price per

 

Number of

 

price per

Number of

 

share option

 

options

 

share option

options

share option

options

USD

As of 1 January

18.77

246,304

40.330

106,304

3.554

10,866,324

Reverse stock split effect (1 to 25) (i)

—

88.86

434,203

Granted during the year

0.01

50,000

0.01

140,000

162.500

2,728

Exercised during the year

—

0.001

(116,629)

Forfeited during the year

—

162.300

(213,998)

As of 31 December

15.60

296,304

18.77

246,304

40.330

106,304

As of 31 December reflecting reverse share split

—

40.33

106,304

Vested and exercisable

18.23

168,179

36.61

126,304

38.790

105,529

12Employee share scheme reserve (continued)

(i)Reverse share split: on 25 January 2023, the Company restructured its outstanding and authorized shares through reverse share split with a ratio of 1 to 25, accordingly all the share awards and strike prices were adjusted using the same ratio.

Share options outstanding at the end of each year have the following expiry date and exercise prices:


		As of 31 December
		2025		2024		2023
Number of options outstanding		296,304		246,303		106,304
Range of exercise price		$0-$250		$0-$250		$0-$250
Range of expiry dates		April 2027 – August 2035		April 2027 – June 2036		April 2027– June 2036
Weighted average remaining contractual life (in years)		7.22		7.72		6.05


		As of 31 December
Strike price		2025		2024
$0-20		230,611		180,610
$20-47.5		17,646		17,646
$47.5-61.5		6,565		6,565
$61.5-85		36,894		36,894
$250		4,588		4,588