<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001683168-24-004122.txt : 20240611
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<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20240611162701
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001683168-24-004122
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	S-3/A
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		14
FILED AS OF DATE:		20240611
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20240611

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			PRECISION OPTICS CORPORATION, INC.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000867840
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	ELECTROMEDICAL & ELECTROTHERAPEUTIC APPARATUS [3845]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	08 Industrial Applications and Services
		IRS NUMBER:				042795294
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			MA
		FISCAL YEAR END:			0630

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		S-3/A
		SEC ACT:		1933 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	333-280047
		FILM NUMBER:		241036150

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		22 EAST BROADWAY
		CITY:			GARDNER
		STATE:			MA
		ZIP:			01440
		BUSINESS PHONE:		978-630-1800

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		22 EAST BROADWAY
		CITY:			GARDNER
		STATE:			MA
		ZIP:			01440

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	PRECISION OPTICS Corp INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20111027

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	PRECISION OPTICS CORPORATION INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19930328

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	PRECISION OPTICS CORP INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19600201
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<p style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>As
filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on <span id="xdx_90C_edei--DocumentCreationDate_c20240611__20240611_zg0jps4DUDoa"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2024-06-11" format="ixt:datemonthdayyearen" id="Fact000010" name="dei:DocumentCreationDate">June
11, 2024</ix:nonNumeric></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><b>Registration
No. 333-280047</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><a href="#a_001">Table
of Contents</a></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>UNITED STATES</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>Washington, D.C. 20549</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>____________________</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>Amendment No.1 to
</b> <b>Form <span id="xdx_90E_edei--DocumentType_c20240611__20240611_zAdVOken7qPj"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2024-06-11" id="Fact000011" name="dei:DocumentType">S-3<b style="display: none">/A</b></ix:nonNumeric></span></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>REGISTRATION STATEMENT</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>UNDER</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>____________________</b></p>

<p style="font: 14pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><b><span id="xdx_90F_edei--EntityRegistrantName_c20240611__20240611_zrIc0irREHf8"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2024-06-11" id="Fact000012" name="dei:EntityRegistrantName">Precision Optics Corporation, Inc.</ix:nonNumeric></span></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">(Exact name of registrant as specified in its Charter)</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

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    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(State or other jurisdiction</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">of incorporation)</p></td>
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    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Identification No.)</p></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b><span id="xdx_902_edei--EntityAddressAddressLine1_c20240611__20240611_zxAhcsqWlwRj"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2024-06-11" id="Fact000015" name="dei:EntityAddressAddressLine1">2 East Broadway</ix:nonNumeric></span></b></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b><span id="xdx_902_edei--CityAreaCode_c20240611__20240611_zH9lQuyRa6o7"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2024-06-11" id="Fact000019" name="dei:CityAreaCode">(978)</ix:nonNumeric></span> <span id="xdx_90A_edei--LocalPhoneNumber_c20240611__20240611_zBPtNMXtGXp"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2024-06-11" id="Fact000020" name="dei:LocalPhoneNumber">630-1800</ix:nonNumeric> </span></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Address of principal executive offices, including
zip code, and telephone number, including area code)</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>____________________</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Joseph N. Forkey</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>President and Chief Executive Officer</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>2 East Broadway</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Gardner, Massachusetts 01440</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>(978) 630-1800 </b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone
number, including area code, of agent for service of process)</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>____________________</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><i>Copies to:</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Thomas Brennan</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Cavas Pavri</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>ArentFox Schiff LLP</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>800 Boylston Street, 32nd Floor</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Boston, MA 02199</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Telephone: (617) 973-6197</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Facsimile: (617) 367-2315</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Approximate date of commencement of proposed
sale to the public: </b>From time to time after the effective date of this registration statement.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If the only securities being registered on this
Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box. <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9744;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If any of the securities being registered on this
Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, other than
securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box. <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9746;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If this Form is filed to register additional securities
for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, as amended, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration
statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9744;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed
pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, as amended, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement
number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9744;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If this Form is a registration statement pursuant
to General Instruction 1.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant
to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9744;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If this Form is a post-effective amendment to
a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction 1.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities
pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9744;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company.
See the definitions of &#8220;large accelerated filer,&#8221; &#8220;accelerated filer,&#8221; &#8220;smaller reporting company&#8221;
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check
mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting
standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of Securities Act. <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9744;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;<b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>The registrant hereby amends this registration
statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which
specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities
Act or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant
to said Section 8(a), may determine.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b></b>&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: Red; text-align: justify"><b>The information in this prospectus is not complete
and may be changed. These securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission
is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any
jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; color: Red; text-align: center"><b>Subject to
Completion, dated June 11, 2024</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: Red; text-align: justify"><b>PROSPECTUS</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>$75,000,000</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Precision Optics Corporation, Inc.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Common Stock</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Debt Securities</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Warrants </b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Purchase Contracts</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Units</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>____________________</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We may from time-to-time issue
up to $75,000,000 aggregate dollar amount of common stock, debt securities, warrants, purchase contracts, or units of securities. We will
specify in the accompanying prospectus supplement the terms of the securities to be offered and sold. We may sell these securities directly
to you, through underwriters, dealers or agents we select, or through a combination of these methods. We will describe the plan of distribution
for any particular offering of these securities in the applicable prospectus supplement. This prospectus may not be used to sell our securities
unless it is accompanied by a prospectus supplement.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Our common stock is listed on The NASDAQ Capital
Market and traded under the symbol &#8220;POCI&#8221;. On June 10, 2024, the closing price of the common stock, as reported on
NASDAQ was $6.20 per share.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">As of June 4, 2024, the aggregate
market value of our outstanding common stock held by non-affiliates was approximately $27,644,000, based on 6,073,939 shares of outstanding
common stock, of which approximately 4,615,058 shares were held by non-affiliates, and a per share price of $5.99 based on the closing
sale price of our common stock on June 4, 2024. We have not sold any securities pursuant to General Instruction I.B.6 of Form S-3
during the 12-month period that ends on and includes the date of this prospectus. In no event will we sell securities in public primary
offerings on Form S-3 with a value exceeding more than one-third of our public float in any 12 calendar month period so long as our public
float remains below $75 million.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><b>Investing in our securities
is highly speculative and involves a high degree of risk. You should purchase these securities only if you can afford a complete loss
of your investment. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described under the heading &#8220;<a href="#a_004">Risk Factors</a>&#8221; beginning
on page 4  of this prospectus before making a decision to purchase our securities.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><b>Neither the Securities
and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus
is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">The date of this prospectus is _______, 2024.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b><span id="a_001"></span>TABLE OF CONTENTS</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="width: 93%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><a href="#a_002"><span style="font-size: 10pt">ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS</span></a></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><a href="#a_003"><span style="font-size: 10pt">PROSPECTUS SUMMARY</span></a></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><a href="#a_004"><span style="font-size: 10pt">RISK FACTORS</span></a></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><a href="#a_005"><span style="font-size: 10pt">FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS</span></a></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right">9</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><a href="#a_006"><span style="font-size: 10pt">USE OF PROCEEDS</span></a></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right">9</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><a href="#a_007"><span style="font-size: 10pt">DESCRIPTION OF COMMON STOCK</span></a></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right">9</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><a href="#a_008"><span style="font-size: 10pt">DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES</span></a></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right">11</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><a href="#a_009"><span style="font-size: 10pt">DESCRIPTION OF THE WARRANTS</span></a></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right">18</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><a href="#a_010"><span style="font-size: 10pt">DESCRIPTION OF THE PURCHASE CONTRACTS</span></a></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right">19</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><a href="#a_011"><span style="font-size: 10pt">DESCRIPTION OF UNITS</span></a></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right">19</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><a href="#a_012"><span style="font-size: 10pt">PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION</span></a></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right">20</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><a href="#a_013"><span style="font-size: 10pt">LEGAL MATTERS</span></a></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right">22</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_014">EXPERTS</a></span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right">22</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><a href="#a_015"><span style="font-size: 10pt">WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION</span></a></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right">22</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><a href="#a_016"><span style="font-size: 10pt">INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE</span></a></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right">22</td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b><span id="a_002"></span>ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This prospectus is part of
a registration statement that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, utilizing a &#8220;shelf&#8221; registration
process. Under this shelf registration process, we may sell the securities described in this prospectus in one or more offerings up to
a total dollar amount of $75,000,000.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We have provided to you in
this prospectus a general description of the securities we may offer. Each time we sell securities under this shelf registration process,
we will provide a prospectus supplement that will contain specific information about the terms of that offering. That prospectus supplement
may include additional risk factors or other special considerations applicable to the securities being offered. We may also add, update
or change in the prospectus supplement any of the information contained in this prospectus. To the extent there is a conflict between
the information contained in this prospectus and the prospectus supplement, you should rely on the information in the prospectus supplement,
provided that if a statement in any document is inconsistent with a statement in another document having a later date - for example, a
document incorporated by reference in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement - the statement in the document having the later date
modifies or supersedes the earlier statement. You should read both this prospectus and the prospectus supplement together with the additional
information described under &#8220;<a href="#a_015">Where You Can Find More Information</a>.&#8221;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The registration statement
containing this prospectus, including the exhibits to the registration statement, provides additional information about us and the securities
offered under this prospectus. The registration statement, including the exhibits, can be read at the SEC website or at the SEC offices
mentioned under the heading &#8220;<a href="#a_015">Where You Can Find More Information</a>.&#8221;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">You should rely only on the
information incorporated by reference or provided in this prospectus and the accompanying prospectus supplement. We have not authorized
anyone to provide you with different information. We are not making an offer to sell or soliciting an offer to buy these securities in
any jurisdiction in which the offer or solicitation is not authorized or in which the person making the offer or solicitation is not qualified
to do so or to anyone to whom it is unlawful to make the offer or solicitation. You should not assume that the information in this prospectus
or the accompanying prospectus supplement is accurate as of any date other than the date on the front of the document.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Unless the context requires
otherwise, references to the &#8220;Company,&#8221; &#8220;we,&#8221; &#8220;our,&#8221; and &#8220;us,&#8221; refer to Precision Optics
Corporation, Inc., in the sections entitled &#8220;<a href="#a_007">Description of Common Stock</a>,&#8221; &#8220;<a href="#a_009">Description of the Warrants</a>,&#8221; &#8220;<a href="#a_010">Description of Purchase Contracts</a>,&#8221; and &#8220;<a href="#a_008">Description of Debt Securities</a>&#8221;.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b><span id="a_003"></span>PROSPECTUS SUMMARY</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>This summary provides an
overview of selected information contained elsewhere or incorporated by reference in this prospectus and does not contain all of the information
you should consider before investing in our securities. You should carefully read the prospectus, the information incorporated by reference
and the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part in their entirety before investing in our securities, including the
information discussed under &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; in this prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference and our financial
statements and notes thereto that are incorporated by reference in this prospectus. As used in this prospectus, unless the context otherwise
indicates, the terms &#8220;we,&#8221; &#8220;our,&#8221; &#8220;us,&#8221; or the &#8220;Company&#8221; refer to Precision Optics Corporation,
Inc., a Massachusetts corporation.</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>&#160;</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Our Company</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We have been a developer and
manufacturer of advanced optical instruments since 1982. Our proprietary medical instrumentation line, unique custom design and manufacturing
capabilities, and expert engineering and development has generated traditional proprietary endoscopes and endocouplers as well as other
custom imaging and illumination products for our customers&#8217; use in minimally invasive surgical procedures. We design and manufacture
3D endoscopes and very small Microprecision lenses, assemblies and complete medical devices to meet the surgical community&#8217;s continuing
demand for smaller, disposable, and more enhanced imaging systems for minimally invasive surgery.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Effective June 1, 2019 we
acquired the operating assets of Ross Optical Industries, Inc. of El Paso, Texas. As Ross Optical Industries we also operate as a supplier
of custom optical components and assemblies for military and defense, medical and various other industrial applications. All products
sold by us under the Ross Optical name include a custom or catalog optic, which is sourced through our extensive domestic and worldwide
network of optical fabrication suppliers. Most systems make use of optical lenses, prisms, mirrors and windows and range from individual
optical components to complex mechano-optical assemblies. Products often include thin film optical coatings that are applied using our
in-house coating department.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Effective October 1, 2021
we acquired the operating assets of Lighthouse Imaging, LLC of Windham, Maine. Our Lighthouse Imaging division supplements our operations
as a manufacturer of advanced optical imaging systems and accessories and has provided further expertise in electrical engineering and
development of end-to-end medical visualization devices. Product development competencies at Lighthouse Imaging include Systems, Optical,
Mechanical, Electrical and Process Development Engineering. Our product development team has extensive experience developing visualization
systems that are used in a variety of clinical applications. Lighthouse Imaging is an industry leader in chip-on-tip visualization systems.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">During the fiscal year ended
June 30, 2022, approximately 34% our business was from engineering services primarily relating to the design of medical device optical
assemblies, 41% from the sale of both internally manufactured and purchased optical components, and 25% from the manufacture of optical
assemblies and sub-assemblies primarily for medical device instrument applications. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023, approximately
32% our business was from engineering services primarily relating to the design of medical device optical assemblies, 50% from the sale
of both internally manufactured and purchased optical components, and 18% from the manufacture of optical assemblies and sub-assemblies
primarily for medical device instrument. We expect sales revenue increases to result from assembly and manufacturing orders received from
our customers for the products we assist them in designing using our unique optical product design and manufacturing capabilities. Much
of the technology we have developed for making smaller medical devices can also be used in defense and aerospace systems where smaller
size and weight can be beneficial.&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Corporate Information</b>&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our principal executive offices
are located at 22 East Broadway, Gardner, Massachusetts 01440. Our website address is www.poci.com. The information on or accessible through
our website is not part of this prospectus.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Securities We May Offer</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">With this prospectus, we may
offer common stock, debt securities, warrants, purchase contracts, and/or units consisting of some or all of these securities in any combination.
The aggregate offering price of securities that we offer with this prospectus will not exceed $75,000,000. Each time we offer securities
with this prospectus, we will provide offerees with a prospectus supplement that will contain the specific terms of the securities being
offered. The following is a summary of the securities we may offer with this prospectus.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><i>Common Stock</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We may offer shares of our
common stock, par value $0.01 per share.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><i>Debt Securities</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We may offer general obligations,
which may be secured or unsecured, senior or subordinated and convertible into shares of our common stock. In this prospectus, we refer
to the senior debt securities and the subordinated debt securities together as the &#8220;debt securities.&#8221; Our board of directors
will determine the terms of each series of debt securities being offered. We will issue the debt securities under an indenture between
us and a trustee. In this document, we have summarized general features of the debt securities from the indenture. We encourage you to
read the indenture, which is an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><i>Warrants</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We may offer warrants for
the purchase of debt securities or shares of common stock. We may issue warrants independently or together with other securities. Our
board of directors will determine the terms of the warrants.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>Purchase Contracts</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We may issue purchase contracts
for the purchase or sale of:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify">debt or equity securities issued by us or securities of third
parties, a basket of such securities, an index or indices or such securities&#894;</td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 20pt"/><td style="width: 20pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></td><td>or any combination of the above as specified in the applicable
prospectus supplement&#894;</td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 20pt"/><td style="width: 20pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></td><td>currencies&#894; or</td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 20pt"/><td style="width: 20pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></td><td>commodities.</td>
</tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Each purchase contract will
entitle the holder thereof to purchase or sell, and obligate us to sell or purchase, on specified dates, such securities, currencies,
or commodities at a specified purchase price, which may be based on a formula, all as set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.
We may, however, satisfy our obligations, if any, with respect to any purchase contract by delivering the cash value of such purchase
contract or the cash value of the property otherwise deliverable or, in the case of purchase contracts on underlying currencies, by delivering
the underlying currencies, as set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. The applicable prospectus supplement will also specify
the methods by which the holders may purchase or sell such securities, currencies or commodities and any acceleration, cancellation or
termination provisions or other provisions relating to the settlement of a purchase contract.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The purchase contracts may
require us to make periodic payments to the holders thereof or vice versa, which payments may be deferred to the extent set forth in the
applicable prospectus supplement, and those payments may be unsecured or prefunded on some basis. The purchase contracts may require the
holders thereof to secure their obligations in a specified manner to be described in the applicable prospectus supplement. Alternatively,
purchase contracts may require holders to satisfy their obligations thereunder when the purchase contracts are issued. Our obligation
to settle such pre-paid purchase contracts on the relevant settlement date may constitute indebtedness. Accordingly, pre-paid purchase
contracts will be issued under the applicable indenture.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><i>Units</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We may offer units consisting
of some or all of the securities described above, in any combination, including common stock, warrants and/or debt securities. The terms
of these units will be set forth in a prospectus supplement. The description of the terms of these units in the related prospectus supplement
will not be complete. You should refer to the applicable form of unit and unit agreement for complete information with respect to these
units.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b><span id="a_004"></span>RISK FACTORS</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Before making an investment
decision, you should consider the &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; below, any risk factors included under Item 1A. of our most recent Annual
Report on Form 10-K and in our updates to those Risk Factors in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, all of which are incorporated by reference
in this prospectus, as updated by our future filings with the SEC. The market or trading price of our common stock could decline due to
any of these risks. In addition, please read &#8220;<a href="#a_005">Forward-Looking Statements</a>&#8221; in this prospectus, where we describe additional
uncertainties associated with our business and the forward-looking statements included or incorporated by reference in this prospectus.
Please note that additional risks not currently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business and operations.
The accompanying prospectus supplement may contain a discussion of additional risks applicable to an investment in us and the particular
type of securities we are offering under that prospectus supplement.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Risks Related to Our Business</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>We have a history of losses; we may continue
to incur losses and not achieve profitability in the near term; and we may need to raise additional funds.</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">During the years ended June&#160;30, 2023, and
2022, we incurred operating losses of $638,548 and $1,513,890. Our accumulated deficit on June 30, 2023 amounted to $48,239,007. We had
working capital of $4,599,536 and $1,918,575 as of June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively. We may continue incurring losses for the foreseeable
future and not achieve sustained profitability in the near term. We must generate sufficient cash flow or raise additional capital to
pursue our product development initiatives and penetrate markets for the sale of our products. We believe that for the time being we have
adequate access to capital resources, having raised $2.52 million in gross proceeds from a private placement of common stock in June 2023
and having increased our bank credit facilities that same month. However, if in the future we are unable to secure adequate additional
capital when needed, we may be required to curtail our research and development initiatives and take additional measures to reduce costs
to conserve our cash in amounts sufficient to sustain operations and meet our obligations.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;&#160;</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>We depend on the availability of certain
key supplies and services that are available from only a few sources, and we may experience difficulty with certain suppliers due to national
and global economic supply-chain factors and we may have difficulty finding alternative sources of these supplies or services.</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We source certain key supplies to develop and
manufacture our products, particularly our precision grade optical glass, which is available from only a few sources, in China. Our business
could be affected if we become unable to procure these essential materials and services in adequate quantities and at acceptable prices.
We continuously evaluate our suppliers and alternative sources. If we experience a shortage of certain supplies and are unable to find
an alternative source, our financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>We rely on a small number of customers who
may not consistently purchase our products in the future and if we lose any one of these customers, our revenues may decline.</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">At June&#160;30, 2023, one customer accounted
for 11.4% of total revenues and two customer accounts receivable balance accounted for 14.0% and 13.7% of total accounts receivable. No
customer accounts receivable balance accounted for more than 10% of total accounts receivable at June 30, 2022.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In the future, a small number of customers may
continue to represent a significant portion of our total revenues in any given period. These customers may not consistently purchase our
products at a particular rate over any subsequent period. A loss of any of these customers could adversely affect our revenues.</p>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>We could suffer unrecoverable losses on
our customers&#8217; accounts receivable, which would adversely affect our financial results.</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">At June 30, 2023, two customer accounts receivable
balances accounted for 14.0% and 13.7% of total receivables. While we believe we have a varied customer base and have experienced strong
collections in the past, we may experience changes in our customer base, including reductions in purchasing commitments, which could also
have a material adverse effect on our revenues and liquidity. Additionally, our customers could become unable or unwilling to pay amounts
owed to us. Over the past three years, we have not had significant accounts receivable write-offs or significant additions to our accounts
receivable reserve. We have not purchased insurance on our accounts receivable balances. Nonetheless, large uncollectible accounts receivable
balances could arise in the future and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>We rely heavily upon the talents of our
Chief Executive Officer and other senior officers, the loss of whom could damage our business.</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our performance depends, to a large extent, on
a small number of key scientific, technical, managerial and manufacturing personnel. In particular, we believe our success is highly dependent
upon the services and reputation of our Chief Executive Officer, Dr. Joseph N. Forkey and our President of the Ross Optical division,
Mr. Divaker Mangadu. The loss of Dr. Forkey&#8217;s services could damage our business. Dr. Forkey provides highly valuable contributions
to our capabilities in optical instrument development, in management of new technology and in potentially significant longer-term Company
initiatives. The loss of Mr. Mangadu could damage the operations of the Ross Optical division as Mr. Mangadu provides highly valuable
contributions to the effective operation of Ross including its sales, customer and vendor relationships, production activities and overall
administration. We do not carry key-man life insurance on Dr. Forkey or Mr. Mangadu. In April and June 2023, we added a Chief Operating
Officer and a new Chief Financial Officer to our executive team, and we expect that these new executives will provide valuable contributions
to our overall operations and financial management.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>We must continue to be able to attract and
retain employees with the scientific and technical skills that our business requires and if we are unable to attract and retain such individuals,
our business could be severely damaged.</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our ability to attract and retain employees with
a high degree of scientific and technical talent is crucial to the success of our business. There is intense competition for the services
of such persons, and we cannot guarantee that we will be able to attract and retain individuals possessing the necessary qualifications.
If we cannot attract and retain such individuals, we may not be able to perform the necessary design services for our customers or produce
our products causing damage to our business or an inability to meet customer demand or increase revenues.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>We are subject to a high degree of regulatory
oversight and, if we do not continue to receive the necessary regulatory approvals, our revenues may decline.</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The FDA has granted us clearance to manufacture
and market the medical products we currently sell in the United States. However, prior FDA approval may be required before we can market
additional medical products that we may develop in the future. We may also seek to sell current or future medical products in a manner
that requires us to obtain FDA permission to market such products. We may also require the regulatory approval or license of other federal,
state or local agencies or comparable agencies in other countries.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We may lose the FDA&#8217;s permission to manufacture
and market our current products or may not obtain the necessary regulatory permission, approvals or licenses for the manufacturing or
marketing of any of our future products. Also, we cannot predict the impact on our business of FDA regulations or determinations arising
from future legislation or administrative action. If we lose the FDA&#8217;s permission to manufacture and market our current products
or we do not obtain regulatory permission to manufacture and market our future products, our revenues may decline and our business may
be harmed.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>We face risks inherent in product development
and production under fixed-price purchase orders and these purchase orders may not be profitable over time.</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">A portion of our business has been devoted to
research, development and production under fixed-price purchase orders. For our purposes, a fixed-price purchase order is any purchase
order under which we will provide products or services for a fixed-price over an extended period of time, usually six months or longer.
Fixed-price purchase orders have represented as much as 50% of our total revenues during periods in the last several years. We expect
that revenues from fixed-price purchase orders will continue to represent a significant portion of our total revenues in future fiscal
years.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Because they involve performance over time, we
cannot predict with certainty the expenses involved in meeting our obligations under fixed-price purchase orders. Therefore, we can never
be sure at the time we enter into any single fixed-price purchase order that such purchase order will continue to be profitable for us
throughout the fixed-price period.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>We perform engineering and manufacturing
services for our customers who could decide to use another vendor for these services in the future.</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">A significant portion of our revenues are derived
from engineering and manufacturing services that we perform to design and fabricate medical device products or sub-assemblies of medical
device products for our customers who in turn sell the products to the end users. Our customers typically own the proprietary rights to
and control commercial distribution of the final products. Therefore, in many of these cases we do not own the proprietary rights to the
medical device products that we manufacture or that our sub-assemblies are made a part of. Our customers could decide to use other suppliers
for these services based on cost, quality, delivery time, production capacities, competitive and regulatory considerations or other factors.
Thus, revenues from our customers and the products and services we provide them are subject to significant fluctuation on a product to
product basis from period to period.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>We resell products we purchase from third
parties and our customers could decide to use another vendor for to acquire those products.</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our division Ross Optical primarily acquires specialized
optical components and assemblies from third parties pursuant to specifications provided from its customers, inspects and sometimes further
processes those products before reselling them to its customers. Because Ross Optical does not manufacture the optical components and
assemblies and does not own the intellectual property rights to the products, its customers could choose to obtain those products and
services from other sources or could apply pressure to Ross Optical to lower its prices resulting in reduced future gross margins and
operating results.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Third parties may infringe on our intellectual
property and, as a result, we could incur significant expense in protecting our patents or not have sufficient resources to protect them.</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We utilize numerous licensed patents that are
important to our business. In July&#160;2011, we entered into an asset purchase agreement with Intuitive Surgical Operations,&#160;Inc.
in which we assigned to Intuitive Surgical all the issued and non-expired patents and pending patent applications we held at that time
and, in return,&#160;Intuitive Surgical granted to us a royalty-free, worldwide license to these patents in fields outside of medical
robotics. Although we are not currently aware of any past or present infringements of these patents, we would expect, jointly with Intuitive
Surgical, to try to protect these patents from infringement.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We also plan to seek additional patents if and
as we develop patentable devices or methods. To this end, we have obtained confidentiality agreements from our employees and consultants
and others who have access to the design of our products and other proprietary information. Protecting and obtaining patents, however,
is both time consuming and expensive. We therefore may not have the resources necessary to assert all potential patent infringement claims
or pursue all patents that might be available to us. If our competitors or other third parties infringe on our patents, our business may
be harmed.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b><i>Third parties may claim that we have infringed on their patents
and, as a result, we could be prohibited from using all or part of any technology used in our products.</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Should third parties claim a proprietary right
to all or part of any technology that we use in our products, such a claim, regardless of its merit, could involve us in costly litigation.
If successful, such a claim could also result in us being unable to freely use the technology that was the subject of the claim, or sell
products embodying such technology. If we engage in litigation, our expenses may increase and our business may be harmed. If we are prohibited
from using a particular technology in our products, our revenues may decline and our business may be harmed.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>We depend on the availability of certain
key supplies and services that are available from only a few sources and if we experience difficulty with a supplier, we may have difficulty
finding alternative sources of these supplies or services.</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We require certain key supplies to develop and
manufacture our products, particularly our precision grade optical glass, which is available from only a few sources, each of which is
located outside of the United States. Additionally, we rely on outside vendors to grind and polish certain of our lenses and other optical
components, such as prisms and windows. We also rely on a limited number of suppliers for specialized CMOS sensors and the electronic
wiring of those sensors. Based upon our ordering experience to date, we believe the materials and services required for the production
of our products are currently available in sufficient quantities to meet our needs. Our requirements are small relative to the total supply,
and we are not currently encountering problems with availability. However, this does not mean that we will continue to have timely access
to adequate supplies of essential materials and services in the future or that supplies of these materials and services will be available
on satisfactory terms when the need arises. Our business could be severely damaged if we become unable to procure these essential materials
and services in adequate quantities and at acceptable prices.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">From time to time, subcontractors may produce
some of our products for us, and our business is subject to the risk that these subcontractors fail to make timely delivery. Our products
and services are also used as components of the products and services of other manufacturers. We are therefore subject to the risk that
manufacturers who integrate our products or services into their own products or services are unable to acquire essential supplies and
services from third parties in a timely fashion. If this occurs, we may not be able to deliver our products on a timely basis and our
revenues may decline.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Our customers may claim that the products
we sold them were defective and if our insurance is not sufficient to cover such a claim, we would be liable for the excess.</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Like any manufacturer, we are and always have
been exposed to liability claims resulting from the use of products we assist in developing, manufacture and supply to our customers.
Additionally, the products we supply could be used in conjunction with other products in medical device applications, such as certain
endoscope products claimed to be associated with surgical suite contamination resulting from their intended re-use and re-sterilization.
We maintain product liability insurance to cover us in the event of liability claims, and as of July 31, 2023, no such claims have been
asserted or threatened against us. However, our insurance may not be sufficient to cover all possible future product claims, costs and
any resulting liabilities.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>We would be liable if our business operations
harmed the environment and a failure to maintain compliance with environmental laws could severely damage our business.</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our operations are subject to a variety of federal,
state and local laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment. From time to time, we use hazardous materials in our
operations. Although we believe that we have suitable practices and policies in place to address applicable environmental laws and regulations,
our business could be severely damaged by any failure to maintain such compliance.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Our quarterly financial results vary quarter
to quarter and depend on many factors. As a result, we cannot predict with a high degree of certainty our operating results in any particular
fiscal quarter.</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our quarterly operating results may vary significantly
depending upon factors such as:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></td><td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the
timing of completion of significant customer orders;</span></td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 20pt"/><td style="width: 20pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></td><td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the
timing and amount of our research and development expenditures;</span></td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 20pt"/><td style="width: 20pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></td><td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the
costs of initial product production in connection with new products;</span></td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 20pt"/><td style="width: 20pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></td><td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the
timing of new product introductions&#8212;both by us and by our competitors;</span></td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 20pt"/><td style="width: 20pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the
timing and level of market acceptance of new products or enhanced versions of our existing products;</span></td>
</tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"> &#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>



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<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">our
ability to retain existing customers and customers&#8217; continued demand for our products and services;</span></td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 20pt"/><td style="width: 20pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">our
customers&#8217; inventory levels, and levels of demand for our customers&#8217; products and services; and</span></td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 20pt"/><td style="width: 20pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></td><td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">competitive
pricing pressures.</span></td>
</tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We may not be able to grow or sustain revenues
or achieve or maintain profitability on a quarterly or annual basis and levels of revenue and/or profitability may vary from one such
period to another.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Many of our competitors are large, well-financed
companies who have research and marketing capabilities that are superior to ours.</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The industries in which we operate are highly
competitive. Many of our existing and potential competitors have greater financial resources and manufacturing capabilities, more established
and larger marketing and sales organizations and larger technical staffs than we have. Other companies, some with greater experience in
the optics, semiconductor or medical products industries, are seeking to produce products and services that compete with our products
and services.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Ross Optical is subject to tariffs and regulatory
scrutiny, and it faces the risk of changes to this regulatory environment and business in the future.</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Ross Optical is ISO and ITAR registered and currently
imports, exports, and manufactures optical products for the defense industry, some of which are controlled by regulations promulgated
by the U.S. Departments of State and Commerce. If Ross Optical fails to comply with the terms of these regulations and registrations,
it may lose its ITAR registration or suffer other consequences, such as the withdrawal or suspension of approvals, suspension of imports,
exports or production, or the imposition of fines or other penalties.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">There is also the risk that new laws or regulations
or changes in enforcement practices applicable to the business of Ross Optical could be imposed, which may adversely affect its ability
to compete effectively with other institutions that are not affected in the same way, or which may impact its supplier and customers.
In addition, regulation imposed on market participants generally, such as foreign tariff increases could negatively affect the overall
profitability of Ross Optical&#8217;s international business.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">These developments could impact Ross Optical&#8217;s
profitability, or even make it uneconomical for Ross Optical to continue to conduct all or certain of its business, or could cause Ross
Optical to incur significant costs associated with adjusting its business to these changes.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Risks Related to our Stock</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Trading in our common stock may be subject
to substantial volatility.</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our common stock is quoted on the Nasdaq Stock
Market under the symbol POCI. We expect our common stock to continue to be quoted on Nasdaq for the foreseeable future. The price of our
common stock may be volatile as a result of a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the following:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">our
ability to successfully conceive and to develop new products and services to enhance the performance characteristics and methods of manufacture
of existing products;</span></td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="text-align: justify; width: 20pt"/><td style="width: 20pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">our
ability to retain existing customers and customers&#8217; continued demand for our products and services;</span></td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="text-align: justify; width: 20pt"/><td style="width: 20pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the
timing of our research and development expenditures and of new product introductions;</span></td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="text-align: justify; width: 20pt"/><td style="width: 20pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the
timing and level of acceptance of new products or enhanced versions of our existing products; and</span></td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="text-align: justify; width: 20pt"/><td style="width: 20pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">price
and volume fluctuations in the stock market at large which do not relate to our operating performance.</span></td>
</tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i></i></b></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>We are contractually obligated to issue
shares in the future, diluting your percentage interest in us.</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We have reserved shares for future issuance under
all currently outstanding stock options, we expect to issue additional shares and stock options from time to time to compensate employees,
consultants and directors, and we may in the future issue additional shares to raise capital. Any such issuances will have the effect
of diluting the percentage interests of other holders of our common stock.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b><span id="a_005"></span>FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Some of the information in
this prospectus, and the documents we incorporate by reference, contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities
laws. You should not rely on forward-looking statements in this prospectus, and the documents we incorporate by reference. Forward-looking
statements typically are identified by use of terms such as &#8220;anticipate,&#8221; &#8220;believe,&#8221; &#8220;plan,&#8221; &#8220;expect,&#8221;
&#8220;future,&#8221; &#8220;intend,&#8221; &#8220;may,&#8221; &#8220;will,&#8221; &#8220;should,&#8221; &#8220;estimate,&#8221; &#8220;predict,&#8221;
&#8220;potential,&#8221; &#8220;continue,&#8221; and similar words, although some forward-looking statements are expressed differently.
This prospectus, and the documents we incorporate by reference, may also contain forward-looking statements attributed to third parties
relating to their estimates regarding the markets we may enter in the future. All forward-looking statements address matters that involve
risk and uncertainties, and there are many important risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause our actual results to differ
materially from the forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus, and the documents we incorporate by reference.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">You should also consider carefully
the statements under &#8220;<a href="#a_004">Risk Factors</a>&#8221; and other sections of this prospectus, and the documents we incorporate by reference,
which address additional facts that could cause our actual results to differ from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. We
caution investors not to place significant reliance on the forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus, and the documents
we incorporate by reference. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or review any forward-looking statements, whether as a result
of new information, future developments or otherwise.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;<b>&#160;&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b><span id="a_006"></span>USE OF PROCEEDS</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We expect to use the net proceeds
from the sale of securities offered by this prospectus and the prospectus supplement for general corporate purposes. These may include
additions to working capital and acquisitions. If we decide to use the net proceeds of any offering of securities other than for general
corporate purposes, we will describe the use of the net proceeds in the prospectus supplement for that offering.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b><span id="a_007"></span>DESCRIPTION OF COMMON STOCK</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>General</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>&#160;</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>Voting</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Each holder of common stock
is entitled to one vote for each share of common stock held on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. Any action at a meeting
at which a quorum is present will be decided by a majority of the voting power present in person or represented by proxy, except in the
case of any election of directors, which will be decided by a plurality of votes cast. There is no cumulative voting.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>Dividends</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The directors may specify
the manner in which the accounts of the Corporation shall be kept and may determine what constitutes net earnings, profits, and surplus,
what amounts, if any, shall be reserved for any corporate purpose, and what amounts, if any, shall be declared as dividends. Unless the
board of directors otherwise specifies, the excess of the consideration for any share of its capital stock with par value issued by it
over such par value shall be surplus. The board of directors may allocate to capital stock less than all of the consideration for any
share of its capital stock without par value issued by it, in which case the balance of such consideration shall be surplus. All surplus
shall be available for any corporate purpose, including the payment of dividends.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>Liquidation Rights</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In the event of a voluntary
or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, the holders of our common stock will be entitled to share ratably
on the basis of the number of shares held in any of the assets available for distribution after we have paid in full, or provided for
payment of, all of our debts and after the holders of all outstanding series of any class of stock have preference over the common stock,
if any, have received their liquidation preferences in full.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>Other</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our issued and outstanding
shares of common stock are fully paid and nonassessable. Holders of shares of our common stock are not entitled to preemptive rights.
Shares of our common stock are not convertible into shares of any other class of capital stock, nor are they subject to any redemption
or sinking fund provisions.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Anti-Takeover Effects of Provisions of Our
Charter Documents</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our articles of organization
and bylaws include a number of anti-takeover provisions that may have the effect of encouraging persons considering unsolicited tender
offers or other unilateral takeover proposals to negotiate with our board of directors rather than pursue non-negotiated takeover attempts.
These provisions include:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>Advance Notice Requirements</i>.
Our bylaws establish advance notice procedures with regard to stockholder proposals relating to the nomination of candidates for election
as directors or new business to be brought before meetings of stockholders. These procedures provide that notice of stockholder proposals
must be timely and given in writing to our corporate Secretary. Generally, to be timely, notice must be received at our principal executive
offices not fewer than 120 calendar days prior to the first anniversary date on which our notice of meeting and related proxy statement
were mailed to stockholders in connection with the previous year&#8217;s annual meeting of stockholders. The notice must contain the information
required by the bylaws, including information regarding the proposal and the proponent.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>Special Meetings of Stockholders</i>.
Our bylaws provide that special meetings of stockholders may be called at any time by only the President or the majority of the board
of directors.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>&#160;</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>Amendment of Bylaws</i>.
Our Articles of Organization provide that the directors may make, amend, or repeal the bylaws in whole or in part, except with respect
to any provision thereof which requires action by the stockholders. Our stockholders may amend any provisions of our bylaws by obtaining
the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of each class of issued and outstanding shares of our voting securities, at any annual
meeting of the stockholders or at a meeting of the board of directors, called for the purpose of amending and/or restating our bylaws.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Anti-Takeover Provisions under Massachusetts
Law</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Provisions Regarding Business Combinations</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Precision Optics is subject
to the provisions of Chapter 110F of the MBCA. In general, Chapter 110F prohibits a publicly held Massachusetts corporation from engaging
in a &#8220;business combination&#8221; with an &#8220;interested stockholder&#8221; for a three-year period following the time that the
stockholder becomes an interested stockholder, unless the business combination is approved in a prescribed manner. A &#8220;business combination&#8221;
includes, among other things, a merger, asset or stock sale or other transaction resulting in a financial benefit to the interested stockholder.
An &#8220;interested stockholder&#8221; is a person who, together with affiliates and associates, owns, or did own within three years
prior to the determination of interested stockholder status, five percent or more of the corporation&#8217;s voting stock.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Under Chapter 110F, a business
combination between a corporation and an interested stockholder is prohibited unless it satisfies one of the following conditions: (a)
prior to such date the board of directors of the corporation approved either the business combination or the transaction which resulted
in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder; (b) upon consummation of the transaction which resulted in the stockholder becoming
an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at least 90% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time
the transaction commenced, excluding for purposes of determining the voting stock outstanding, shares owned by persons who are directors
and also officers, and employee stock plans, employee stock plans in which employee participants do not have the right to determine confidentially
whether shares held subject to the plan will be tendered in a tender or exchange offer; or (c) on or subsequent to such date the business
combination is approved by the board of directors and authorized at an annual or special meeting of stockholders, and not by written consent,
by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the outstanding voting stock which is not owned by the interested stockholder..</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">A Massachusetts corporation
may &#8220;opt out&#8221; of these provisions with an express provision in its original articles of organization or an express provision
in its articles of organization or bylaws resulting from a stockholders&#8217; amendment approved by at least a majority of the outstanding
voting shares. We have not opted out of these provisions. As a result, mergers or other takeover or change in control attempts of us may
be discouraged or prevented.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Provisions Regarding a Classified Board
of Directors</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 8.06(b) of the MBCA
provides that, unless a company opts out of such provision, the terms of directors of a public Massachusetts company shall be staggered
by dividing the directors into three groups, as nearly equal in number as possible, with only one group of directors being elected each
year. We have opted out of this default requirement for a classified board of directors.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Pursuant to Section 8.06(c)(2)
of the MBCA, however, our board of directors may unilaterally opt back into default requirements under Section 8.06(b) of the MBCA and
become a classified board of directors without the approval of our stockholders. Sections 8.06(d) and (e) of the MBCA provide that when
a board of directors is so classified, (i) stockholders may remove directors only for cause, (ii) the number of directors shall be fixed
only by the vote of the board of directors, (iii) vacancies and newly created directorships shall be filled solely by the affirmative
vote of a majority of the remaining directors and (iv) a decrease in the number of directors will not shorten the term of any incumbent
director. If our board of directors opts into this classified structure in the future, these provisions are likely to increase the time
required for stockholders to change the composition of our board of directors. For example, at least two annual meetings would generally
be necessary for stockholders to effect a change in a majority of the members of our board of directors. As a result, the ability of our
board of directors to adopt a classified structure in the future without the approval of our stockholders could have the effect of discouraging
a potential acquirer from making a tender offer for a majority of the outstanding voting interest of our capital stock or otherwise attempting
to obtain control of Precision Optics.&#160;&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Quotation</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our common stock is listed
on The NASDAQ Capital Market and traded under the symbol &#8220;POCI&#8221;.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Transfer Agent</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The transfer agent for our
common stock is Computershare Trust Company, N.A.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b><span id="a_008"></span>DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>General</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The following description
sets forth general terms that will apply to the debt securities. We will describe the particular terms of any debt securities that we
offer in the prospectus supplement relating to those debt securities.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The debt securities will be
either our senior debt securities or our subordinated debt securities. The senior debt securities will be issued under an indenture between
us and the trustee named in the indenture. We refer to this indenture as the &#8220;senior indenture.&#8221; The subordinated debt securities
will be issued under a separate Subordinated Indenture between us and the trustee named in the indenture. We refer to this indenture as
the &#8220;subordinated indenture&#8221; and, together with the senior indenture, as the &#8220;indentures.&#8221; Except as permitted
by applicable law, the indentures have been or will be qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We have filed the forms of
the indentures as exhibits to the registration statement. For your convenience, we have included references to specific sections of the
indentures in the descriptions below. Capitalized terms not otherwise defined in this prospectus will have the meanings given in the indenture
to which they relate.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The following summaries of
provisions of the debt securities and the indentures are not complete and are qualified in their entirety by reference to the provisions
of the indentures and the debt securities.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Neither of the indentures
limits the principal amount of debt securities that we may issue. Each indenture provides that debt securities may be issued in one or
more series up to the principal amount that we may authorize from time to time. Each indenture also provides that the debt securities
may be denominated in any currency or currency unit that we designate. In addition, each series of debt securities may be reopened in
order to issue additional debt securities of that series in the future without the consent of the holders of debt securities of that series.
Unless otherwise described in the prospectus supplement relating to a particular offering, neither the indentures nor the debt securities
will contain any provisions to afford holders of any debt securities protection in the event of a takeover, recapitalization or similar
restructuring of our business.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Unless otherwise described
in the prospectus supplement relating to a particular offering, the senior debt securities will rank equally with all of our other unsecured
and unsubordinated debt. The subordinated debt securities will be subordinated to the prior payment in full of our senior debt securities.
We will describe the particular terms of the subordinated debt securities that we offer in the prospectus supplement relating to those
subordinated debt securities.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We will describe the specific
terms relating to each particular series of debt securities in the prospectus supplement relating to the offering of those debt securities.
The terms we will describe in the prospectus supplement will include some or all of the following:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">the title and type of the debt
securities;</span></td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 20pt"/><td style="width: 20pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">the total principal amount or initial
offering price of the debt securities;</span></td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 20pt"/><td style="width: 20pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">the date or dates when the principal
of the debt securities will be payable;</span></td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 20pt"/><td style="width: 20pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">whether we will have the right
to extend the stated maturity of the debt securities;</span></td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 20pt"/><td style="width: 20pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">whether the debt securities will
bear interest and, if so, the rate or rates, or the method for calculating the rate or rates, of interest;</span></td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 20pt"/><td style="width: 20pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">if the debt securities will bear
interest, the date from which interest will accrue, the dates when interest will be payable and the regular record dates for these interest
payment dates;</span></td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 20pt"/><td style="width: 20pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">the place where the principal,
premium, if any, and interest, if any, on the debt securities will be paid, registered debt securities may be surrendered for registration
of transfer, and debt securities may be surrendered for exchange;</span></td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 20pt"/><td style="width: 20pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">any sinking fund or other provisions
that would obligate us to repurchase or otherwise redeem the debt securities;</span></td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 20pt"/><td style="width: 20pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">the terms and conditions upon which
we will have the option or the obligation to redeem the debt securities;</span></td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 20pt"/><td style="width: 20pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">the denominations in which any
registered debt securities will be issuable;</span></td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 20pt"/><td style="width: 20pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">the identity of each security registrar
and paying agent, and the designation of the exchange rate agent, if any, if other than the trustee;</span></td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 20pt"/><td style="width: 20pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">the portion of the principal amount
of debt securities that will be payable upon acceleration of the maturity of the debt securities;</span></td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 20pt"/><td style="width: 20pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">the currency used to pay principal,
premium, if any, and interest, if any, on the debt securities, if other than U.S. dollars, and whether you or we may elect to have principal,
premium and interest paid in a currency other than the currency in which the debt securities are denominated;</span></td>
</tr></table>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">any index, formula or other method
used to determine the amount of principal, premium or interest on the debt securities;</span></td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 20pt"/><td style="width: 20pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">any changes or additions to the
events of default, defaults or our covenants made in the applicable indenture;</span></td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 20pt"/><td style="width: 20pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">whether the debt securities are
issuable as registered debt securities or bearer debt securities, whether there are any restrictions relating to the form in which they
are issued and whether bearer and registered debt securities may be exchanged for each other;</span></td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 20pt"/><td style="width: 20pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">to whom interest will be payable</span></td>
</tr><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.75in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">if other than the registered holder
(for registered debt securities),</span></td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 20pt"/><td style="width: 20pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.75in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">if other than upon presentation
and surrender of the related coupons (for bearer debt securities), or</span></td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 20pt"/><td style="width: 20pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.75in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">if other than as specified in the
indentures (for global debt securities);</span></td>
</tr></table>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></p>

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<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">whether the debt securities are
to be convertible or exchangeable for other securities and, if so, the terms of conversion or exchange;</span></td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 20pt"/><td style="width: 20pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">particular terms of subordination
with respect to subordinated debt securities; and</span></td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 20pt"/><td style="width: 20pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">any other terms of the debt securities
consistent with the provisions of the applicable indenture.</span></td>
</tr></table>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We may issue debt securities
as original issue discount securities to be sold at a substantial discount below their principal amount. If we issue original issue discount
securities, then we will describe the material U.S. federal income tax consequences that apply to those debt securities in the applicable
prospectus supplement.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Registration and Transfer</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We presently plan to issue
each series of debt securities only as registered securities. However, we may issue a series of debt securities as bearer securities,
or a combination of both registered securities and bearer securities. If we issue senior debt securities as bearer securities, they will
have interest coupons attached unless we elect to issue them as zero coupon securities. If we issue bearer securities, we may describe
material U.S. federal income tax consequences and other material considerations, procedures and limitations in the applicable prospectus
supplement.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Holders of registered debt
securities may present the debt securities for exchange for different authorized amounts of other debt securities of the same series and
in the same aggregate principal amount at the corporate trust office of the trustee or at the office of any other transfer agent we may
designate for the purpose and describe in the applicable prospectus supplement. The registered securities must be duly endorsed or accompanied
by a written instrument of transfer. The agent will not impose a service charge on you for the transfer or exchange. We may, however,
require that you pay any applicable tax or other governmental charge. If we issue bearer securities, we will describe any procedures for
exchanging those bearer securities for other senior debt securities of the same series in the applicable prospectus supplement. Generally,
we will not allow you to exchange registered securities for bearer securities.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In general, unless otherwise
specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will issue registered securities without coupons and in denominations of $1,000
or integral multiples, and bearer securities in denominations of $5,000. We may issue both registered and bearer securities in global
form.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Conversion and Exchange</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If any debt securities will
be convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock, or other securities, the applicable prospectus supplement will set forth the
terms and conditions of the conversion or exchange, including:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.5in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">the conversion price or exchange ratio;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">the conversion or exchange period;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">whether the conversion or exchange will be mandatory or at the option of the holder or us;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">provisions for adjustment of the conversion price or exchange ratio; and</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Redemption</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Unless otherwise indicated
in the applicable prospectus supplement, we may, at our option, redeem any series of debt securities in whole at any time or in part from
time to time. If any series of debt securities are redeemable only on or after a certain date or only upon satisfaction of additional
conditions, the applicable prospectus supplement will specify the date or the additional conditions. Unless otherwise specified in the
applicable prospectus supplement, the redemption price for debt securities will equal 100% of the principal amount plus any accrued and
unpaid interest on those debt securities.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 17 -->
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The applicable prospectus
supplement will contain the specific terms on which we may redeem a series of debt securities prior to its stated maturity. Unless otherwise
described in the prospectus supplement relating to a particular offering, we will send a notice of redemption to holders at least 30 days
but not more than 60 days prior to the redemption date. The notice will state:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.5in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">the redemption date;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">the redemption price;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">if less than all of the debt securities of the series are being redeemed, the particular debt securities to be redeemed (and the principal amounts, in the case of a partial redemption);</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">that on the redemption date, the redemption price will become due and payable and any applicable interest will cease to accrue on and after that date;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">On or before any redemption
date, we will deposit an amount of money with the trustee or with a paying agent sufficient to pay the redemption price.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Unless otherwise described
in the prospectus supplement relating to a particular offering, if we are redeeming less than all the debt securities, the trustee will
select the debt securities to be redeemed using a method it considers fair and appropriate. After the redemption date, holders of redeemed
debt securities will have no rights with respect to the debt securities except the right to receive the redemption price and any unpaid
interest to the redemption date.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Events of Default</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Unless otherwise described
in the prospectus supplement relating to a particular offering, an &#8220;event of default&#8221; regarding any series of debt securities
is any one of the following events:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">default in the making of any sinking fund payment when due;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">default in the payment of principal or premium (if any) when due at its stated maturity, by declaration, when called for redemption or otherwise;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">any other event of default provided with respect to that series of debt securities.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We are required to file every
year with each trustee an officers&#8217; certificate stating whether any default exists and specifying any default that exists.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Acceleration of Maturity</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Unless otherwise described
in the prospectus supplement relating to a particular offering, if an event of default has occurred and is continuing with respect to
debt securities of a particular series (except, in the case of subordinated debt securities, defaults relating to bankruptcy events),
the trustee or the holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of outstanding debt securities of that series may declare the principal
amount of outstanding debt securities of that series due and payable immediately.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Unless otherwise described
in the prospectus supplement relating to a particular offering, at any time after a declaration of acceleration of maturity with respect
to debt securities of any series has been made and before a judgment or decree for payment of the money due has been obtained by the trustee,
the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series by written notice to us and the trustee,
may rescind and annul the declaration and its consequences if:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">we have paid or deposited with the trustee a sum sufficient to pay:</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%">
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    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">all overdue interest on all outstanding debt securities of that series and any related coupons,</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">all unpaid principal of and premium, if any, on any of the debt securities which has become due otherwise than by the declaration of acceleration, and interest on the unpaid principal at the rate or rates prescribed in the debt securities,</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">to the extent lawful, interest on overdue interest at the rate or rates prescribed in the debt securities, and</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">all sums paid or advanced by the trustee and the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the trustee, its agents and counsel; and</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.25in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.5in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">all events of default with respect to debt securities of that series, other than the non-payment of amounts of principal, interest or any premium on the debt securities which have become due solely by the declaration of acceleration, have been cured or waived.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">No rescission will affect any subsequent default
or impair any right consequent thereon.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Waiver of Defaults</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Unless otherwise described
in the prospectus supplement relating to a particular offering, the holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the outstanding
debt securities of any series may, on behalf of the holders of all the debt securities of the series and any related coupons, waive any
past default under the applicable indenture with respect to the series and its consequences, except a default:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">in the payment of the principal of or premium, if any, or interest on any debt security of the series or any related coupon, or</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">in respect of a covenant or provision that cannot be modified or amended without the consent of the holder of each outstanding debt security of the series affected thereby.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If an event of default with
respect to debt securities of a particular series occurs and is continuing, the trustee will not be obligated to exercise any of its rights
or powers under the applicable indenture at the request or direction of any of the holders of debt securities of the series, unless the
holders have offered to the trustee reasonable indemnity and security against the costs, expenses and liabilities that might be incurred
by it in compliance with the request.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The holders of a majority
in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting
any proceeding for any remedy available to the trustee under the applicable indenture, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the
trustee with respect to the debt securities of that series. The trustee may refuse to follow directions in conflict with law or the indenture
that may expose the trustee to personal liability or may be unduly prejudicial to the other, non-directing holders. Additionally, the
trustee may take any other action the trustee deems proper which is not inconsistent with the direction.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Modification of Indenture</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We and the trustee may, without the consent of
any holders of debt securities, enter into supplemental indentures for various purposes, including:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.5in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">to evidence the succession of another entity to us and the assumption by the successor of our covenants and obligations under the debt securities and the indenture;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">establishing the form or terms of any series of debt securities issued under the supplemental indentures;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">adding to our covenants for the benefit of the holders or to surrender any of our rights or powers under the indenture;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">adding additional events of default for the benefit of the holders;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">to change or eliminate any provisions of the indenture provided that the change or elimination becomes effective only when there is no debt security outstanding entitled to the benefit of any changed or eliminated provision;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">to secure the debt securities;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">to cure any ambiguities or correct defective or inconsistent provisions of the indenture, provided that holders of debt securities are not materially affected by the change;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">to evidence and provide for acceptance of a successor trustee; and</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">to comply with the requirements of the Trust Indenture Act.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We and the trustee may, with
the consent of the holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of all affected series acting
as one class, execute supplemental indentures adding any provisions to or changing or eliminating any of the provisions of the indenture
or modifying the rights of the holders of the debt securities of the series. Without the consent of the holders of all the outstanding
debt securities affected thereby, no supplemental indenture may:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.5in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">change the stated maturity of the principal of, or any installment of principal of or interest on, any debt security;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">reduce the principal amount of, the rate of interest on or any premium payable upon the redemption of, or change the manner of calculating the rate of interest on, any debt security;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">reduce the amount of the principal of any original issue discount security that would be due and payable upon acceleration of the maturity of the debt security;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">change the place of payment where, or the currency in which, principal or interest on any debt security is payable;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">impair the right to institute suit for enforcement of payments;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">reduce the percentage in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series, the holders of which must consent to a supplemental indenture or any waiver of compliance with various provisions of, or defaults and covenants under, the indenture; or</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">modify any of the provisions described in this section.</span></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Consolidation, Merger and Sale of Assets</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Unless otherwise described in the prospectus supplement
relating to a particular offering, as provided in the indentures, we may not consolidate with or merge into any other person, or convey,
transfer or lease all or substantially all of our assets to any other person, unless:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%">
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    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">the person surviving or formed by the transaction is organized and validly existing under the laws of any United States jurisdiction and expressly assumes our obligations under the debt securities and the indentures;</span></td></tr>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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    <td><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">immediately after giving effect to the transaction, no event of default will have occurred and be continuing under the indentures; and</span></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Satisfaction and Discharge</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We may terminate our obligations with respect to
debt securities of any series not previously delivered to the trustee for cancellation when those debt securities:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%">
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We may terminate our obligations
with respect to the debt securities of a series by depositing with the trustee, as trust funds in trust dedicated solely for that purpose,
an amount sufficient to pay and discharge the entire indebtedness on the debt securities of that series. In that case, the applicable
indenture will cease to be of further effect, and our obligations will be satisfied and discharged with respect to that series (except
our obligations to pay all other amounts due under the indenture and to provide certain officers&#8217; certificates and opinions of counsel
to the trustee). At our expense, the trustee will execute proper instruments acknowledging the satisfaction and discharge.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>The Trustees</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Any trustee may be deemed
to have a conflicting interest for purposes of the Trust Indenture Act and may be required to resign as trustee if there is an event of
default under the applicable indenture and, as more fully described in Section&#160;310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act, one or more of
the following occurs:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

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    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">the trustee is a trustee under another indenture under which our securities are outstanding;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">the trustee is a trustee for more than one outstanding series of debt securities under a single indenture;</span></td></tr>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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    <td><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">we or our affiliates or underwriters hold certain threshold ownership beneficial ownership interest in the trustee;</span></td></tr>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">the trustee holds certain threshold beneficial ownership interests in us or in securities of ours that are in default;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We may appoint an alternative
trustee for any series of debt securities. The appointment of an alternative trustee would be described in the applicable prospectus supplement.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We and our affiliates may
engage in transactions with the trustee and its affiliates in the ordinary course of business.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Governing Law</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Each of the indentures are,
and the related senior debt securities and subordinated debt securities will be, governed by and construed under the internal laws of
the State of New York.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b><span id="a_009"></span>DESCRIPTION OF THE WARRANTS</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We may issue warrants to purchase
debt securities or common stock. We may offer warrants separately or together with one or more additional warrants, debt securities, shares
of common stock, or any combination of those securities in the form of units, as described in the applicable prospectus supplement. If
we issue warrants as part of a unit, the prospectus supplement will specify whether those warrants may be separated from the other securities
in the unit prior to the warrants&#8217; expiration date. We may issue the warrants under warrant agreements to be entered into between
us and a bank or trust company, as warrant agent, all as described in the prospectus supplement. If we issue the warrants under warrant
agreements, the warrant agent will act solely as our agent in connection with the warrants and will not assume any obligation or relationship
of agency or trust for or with any holders or beneficial owners of warrants.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We will describe the particular
terms of any warrants that we offer in the prospectus supplement relating to those warrants. Those terms may include the following:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">the specific designation and aggregate number of warrants, and the price at which we will issue the warrants;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">the currency or currency units in which the offering price, if any, and the exercise price are payable;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">the date on which the right to exercise the warrants will begin and the date on which the right will expire or, if the warrants are not continuously exercisable throughout that period, the specific date or dates on which they are exercisable;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">whether the warrants will be issued in fully registered form or bearer form, in definitive or global form or in any combination of these forms;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">any applicable material United States federal income tax considerations;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">the identity of the warrant agent, if any, for the warrants and of any other depositaries, execution or paying agents, transfer agents, registrars or other agents;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">the designation, aggregate principal amount, currency, denomination and terms of any debt securities that may be purchased upon exercise of the warrants;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">the designation, amount, currency, denominations, and terms of any common stock purchasable upon exercise of the warrants;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">if applicable, the designation and terms of the debt securities or common stock with which the warrants are issued and the number of warrants issued with each security;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">if applicable, the date from and after which the warrants and the related debt securities or common stock will be separately transferable;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">the principal amount of debt securities or the number of shares of common stock purchasable upon exercise of any warrant and the price at which those shares may be purchased;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">provisions for changes to or adjustments in the exercise price;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">if applicable, the minimum or maximum number of warrants that may be exercised at any one time;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">information with respect to any book-entry procedures;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">any anti-dilution provision of the warrants;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
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  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 48px">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">any additional terms of the warrants, including terms, procedures and limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of the warrants.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"></p>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 22 -->
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Each warrant will entitle
the holder thereof to purchase such number of shares of common stock or other securities at the exercise price as will in each case be
set forth in, or be determinable as set forth in, the applicable prospectus supplement. Warrants may be exercised at any time up to the
close of business on the expiration date set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. After the close of business on the expiration
date, unexercised warrants will become void. Warrants may be exercised as set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to
the warrants offered thereby. Upon receipt of payment and the warrant certificate properly completed and duly executed at the corporate
trust office of the warrant agent or any other office indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will, as soon as practicable,
forward the purchased securities. If less than all of the warrants represented by the warrant certificate are exercised, a new warrant
certificate will be issued for the remaining warrants.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b><span id="a_010"></span>DESCRIPTION OF PURCHASE CONTRACTS</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We may issue purchase contracts
for the purchase or sale of:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
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</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="text-align: justify; width: 20pt"/><td style="width: 20pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
</tr></table>

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<td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify">or any combination of the above as specified in the applicable
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="text-align: justify; width: 20pt"/><td style="width: 20pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
</tr></table>

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<td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify">currencies&#894; or</td>
</tr></table>

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<td style="text-align: justify; width: 20pt"/><td style="width: 20pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify">commodities.</td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Each purchase contract will
entitle the holder thereof to purchase or sell, and obligate us to sell or purchase, on specified dates, such securities, currencies or
commodities at a specified purchase price, which may be based on a formula, all as set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.
We may, however, satisfy our obligations, if any, with respect to any purchase contract by delivering the cash value of such purchase
contract or the cash value of the property otherwise deliverable or, in the case of purchase contracts on underlying currencies, by delivering
the underlying currencies, as set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. The applicable prospectus supplement will also specify
the methods by which the holders may purchase or sell such securities, currencies or commodities and any acceleration, cancellation or
termination provisions or other provisions relating to the settlement of a purchase contract.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The purchase contracts may
require us to make periodic payments to the holders thereof or vice versa, which payments may be deferred to the extent set forth in the
applicable prospectus supplement, and those payments may be unsecured or prefunded on some basis. The purchase contracts may require the
holders thereof to secure their obligations in a specified manner to be described in the applicable prospectus supplement. Alternatively,
purchase contracts may require holders to satisfy their obligations thereunder when the purchase contracts are issued. Our obligation
to settle such pre-paid purchase contracts on the relevant settlement date may constitute indebtedness. Accordingly, pre-paid purchase
contracts will be issued under the applicable indenture.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b><span id="a_011"></span>DESCRIPTION OF UNITS</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We may issue, in one or more
series, units comprised of shares of our common stock, warrants to purchase common stock, debt securities or any combination of those
securities. Each unit will be issued so that the holder of the unit is also the holder of each security included in the unit. Thus, the
holder of a unit will have the rights and obligations of a holder of each included security.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We may evidence units by unit
certificates that we issue under a separate agreement. We may issue the units under a unit agreement between us and one or more unit agents.
If we elect to enter into a unit agreement with a unit agent, the unit agent will act solely as our agent in connection with the units
and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust for or with any registered holders of units or beneficial owners
of units. We will indicate the name and address and other information regarding the unit agent in the applicable prospectus supplement
relating to a particular series of units if we elect to use a unit agent.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We will describe in the applicable
prospectus supplement the terms of the series of units being offered, including: (i) the designation and terms of the units and of the
securities comprising the units, including whether and under what circumstances those securities may be held or transferred separately;
(ii) any provisions of the governing unit agreement that differ from those described herein; and (iii) any provisions for the issuance,
payment, settlement, transfer or exchange of the units or of the securities comprising the units.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The other provisions regarding
our common stock, warrants and debt securities as described in this section will apply to each unit to the extent such unit consists of
shares of our common stock, warrants and/or debt securities.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b><span id="a_012"></span>PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We may sell the securities covered by this prospectus
in one or more of the following ways from time to time:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%">
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In addition, we may enter
into derivative or other hedging transactions with third parties, or sell securities not covered by this prospectus to third parties in
privately negotiated transactions. The applicable prospectus supplement may indicate that third parties may sell securities covered by
this prospectus and the prospectus supplement, including in short sale transactions, in connection with those derivatives. If so, the
third party may use securities we pledge or that are borrowed from us or others to settle those sales or to close out any related open
borrowings of stock, and may use securities received from us in settlement of those derivatives to close out any related open borrowings
of stock. The third party in those sale transactions will be an underwriter and, if applicable, will be identified in the prospectus supplement
(or a post-effective amendment thereto).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">A prospectus supplement with respect to each series
of securities will include, to the extent applicable:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.5in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183; </span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">the public offering price or purchase price of the securities and an estimate of the net proceeds to be received by us from any such sale, as applicable;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183; </span></td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">the anticipated delivery date of the securities, including any delayed delivery arrangements, and any commissions we may pay for solicitation of any such delayed delivery contracts;</span></td></tr>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">any discounts or concessions to be allowed or reallowed or to be paid to agents or dealers;&#160;and</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
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  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Any offer and sale of the
securities described in this prospectus by us, any underwriters, or other third parties described above may be effected from time to time
in one or more transactions, including, without limitation, privately negotiated transactions, either:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Offerings of securities covered
by this prospectus also may be made into an existing trading market for those securities in transactions at other than a fixed price,
either:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.5in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">on or through the facilities of the NASDAQ Capital Market or any other securities exchange or quotation or trading service on which those securities may be listed, quoted, or traded at the time of sale; and/or</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Those at-the-market offerings,
if any, will be conducted by underwriters acting as our principal or agent, who may also be third-party sellers of securities as described
above.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In addition, we may sell some
or all of the securities covered by this prospectus through:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
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  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Any dealer may be deemed to
be an underwriter, as that term is defined in the Securities Act of 1933 of the securities so offered and sold.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In connection with offerings
made through underwriters or agents, we may enter into agreements with those underwriters or agents pursuant to which we receive our outstanding
securities in consideration for the securities being offered to the public for cash. In connection with these arrangements, the underwriters
or agents also may sell securities covered by this prospectus to hedge their positions in any such outstanding securities, including in
short sale transactions. If so, the underwriters or agents may use the securities received from us under those arrangements to close out
any related open borrowings of securities.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We may loan or pledge securities
to a financial institution or other third party that in turn may sell the loaned securities or, in any event of default in the case of
a pledge, sell the pledged securities using this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement. That financial institution or third
party may transfer its short position to investors in our securities or in connection with a simultaneous offering of other securities
covered by this prospectus.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We may solicit offers to purchase
the securities covered by this prospectus directly from, and we may make sales of such securities directly to, institutional investors
or others, who may be deemed to be underwriters within the meaning of the Securities Act with respect to any resale of such securities.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The securities may also be
offered and sold, if so indicated in a prospectus supplement, in connection with a remarketing upon their purchase, in accordance with
a redemption or repayment pursuant to their terms, or otherwise, by one or more remarketing firms acting as principals for their own accounts
or as agents for us.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If indicated in the applicable
prospectus supplement, we may sell the securities through agents from time to time. We generally expect that any agent will be acting
on a &#8220;best efforts&#8221; basis for the period of its appointment.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If underwriters are used in
any sale of any securities, the securities may be either offered to the public through underwriting syndicates represented by managing
underwriters, or directly by underwriters. Unless otherwise stated in a prospectus supplement, the obligations of the underwriters to
purchase any securities will be conditioned on customary closing conditions, and the underwriters will be obligated to purchase all of
that series of securities, if any are purchased.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Underwriters, dealers, agents,
and remarketing firms may at the time of any offering of securities be entitled under agreements entered into with us to indemnification
by us against certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or to contribution with respect to payments that
the underwriters, dealers, agents, and remarketing firms may be required to make. Underwriters, dealers, agents, and remarketing agents
may be customers of, engage in transactions with, or perform services in the ordinary course of business for us and/or our affiliates.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Any underwriters to whom securities
covered by this prospectus are sold by us for public offering and sale, if any, may make a market in the securities, but those underwriters
will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time without notice.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b><span id="a_013"></span>LEGAL MATTERS</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">ArentFox Schiff LLP, Boston,
Massachusetts, will pass upon the validity of the securities offered by this prospectus for us. Legal matters will be passed upon for
any underwriters, dealers or agents by counsel named in the applicable prospectus supplement.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b><span id="a_014"></span>EXPERTS</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The audited financial statements
incorporated by reference in this prospectus and elsewhere in the registration statement have been so incorporated by reference in reliance
upon the report of Stowe &amp; Degon LLC, independent registered public accountants, upon the authority of said firm as experts in accounting
and auditing.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b><span id="a_015"></span>WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION</b></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We have filed with the SEC
a registration statement on Form S-3 under the Securities Act with respect to the securities offered in this offering. We file annual,
quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission. You may read and copy
the registration statement and any other documents we have filed at the Securities and Exchange Commission&#8217;s Public Reference Room
100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the Securities and Exchange Commission at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information
on the Public Reference Room. Our Securities and Exchange Commission filings are also available to the public at the Securities and Exchange
Commission&#8217;s Internet site at www.sec.gov.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This prospectus is part of
the registration statement and does not contain all of the information included in the registration statement. Whenever a reference is
made in this prospectus to any of our contracts or other documents, the reference may not be complete and, for a copy of the contract
or document, you should refer to the exhibits that are a part of the registration statement.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b><span id="a_016"></span>INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The SEC allows us to &#8220;incorporate
by reference&#8221; into this prospectus the information we file with it, which means that we can disclose important information to you
by referring you to those documents. Later information filed with the SEC will update and supersede this information.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We incorporate by reference
the documents listed below, all filings filed by us pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act after the date
of the initial registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part prior to effectiveness of such registration statement, and
any future filings we make with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act prior to the time that all securities
covered by this prospectus have been sold or the offering is otherwise terminated; provided, however, that we are not incorporating any
information furnished under either Item&#160;2.02 or Item&#160;7.01 of any current report on Form 8-K:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
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<tr style="vertical-align: top">
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<tr style="vertical-align: top">
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<tr style="vertical-align: top">
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<tr style="vertical-align: top">
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    <td>&#160;</td>
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<tr style="vertical-align: top">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">An updated description of
our capital stock is included in this prospectus under &#8220;<a href="#a_007">Description of Common Stock</a>&#8221;.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We will provide to each person,
including any beneficial owner, to whom this prospectus is delivered, upon written or oral request, at no cost to the requester, a copy
of any and all of the information that is incorporated by reference in this prospectus. You may request a copy of these filings, at no
cost, by contacting us at:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 47pt; text-align: justify">Precision Optics Corporation, Inc.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 47pt; text-align: justify">Attn: Corporate Secretary</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 47pt; text-align: justify">22 East Broadway</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 47pt; text-align: justify">Gardner, Massachusetts 01440</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>PART II</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The following table sets forth
the estimated costs and expenses, other than the underwriting discounts and commissions, payable by the registrant in connection with
the offering of the securities being registered. All the amounts shown are estimates, except for the registration fee.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">These fees are calculated
based on the number of issuances and amount of securities offered and accordingly cannot be estimated at this time. An estimate of the
aggregate expenses in connection with the issuance and distribution of the securities being offered will be included in the applicable
prospectus supplement.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
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    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">Printing fees and expenses</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">* Estimated expenses are not
presently known. The foregoing sets forth the general categories of expenses that we anticipate we will incur in connection with the offering
of securities under this registration statement. An estimate of the aggregate expenses in connection with the issuance and distribution
of the securities being offered will be included in the applicable prospectus supplement, information incorporated by reference or related
free writing prospectus.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Item 15. Indemnification of Directors and Officers</b></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We are organized under the
laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Our officers and directors are indemnified as provided by the Massachusetts Business Corporation
Act as set forth in Chapter 156D of the General Laws of Massachusetts, our Articles of Organization, as amended, and our Bylaws.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 2.02(b)(4) of the
Massachusetts Business Corporation Act (the &#8220;MBCA&#8221;) provides that a corporation may, in its articles of organization, eliminate
or limit a director&#8217;s personal liability to the corporation for monetary damages for breaches of fiduciary duty, except in circumstances
involving (1) a breach of the director&#8217;s duty of loyalty to the corporation or its shareholders, (2) acts or omissions not in good
faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, (3) improper distributions, and (4) transactions from which
the director derived an improper personal benefit.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 8.52 of the MBCA provides
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was a party because he was a director of our Company against reasonable expenses incurred by him in connection with the proceeding.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In addition, under Section
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(1)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;(i)
he conducted himself in good faith; (ii) he reasonably believed that his conduct was in the best interests of our Company or that his
conduct was at least not opposed to the best interests of our Company; and (iii) in the case of any criminal proceeding, he had no reasonable
cause to believe his conduct was unlawful; or</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(2)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;he
engaged in conduct for which he shall not be liable as provided in our Articles of Organization, as amended, which may limit personal
liability of a director as provided in the General Laws of Massachusetts.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The termination of a proceeding
by judgment, order, settlement, or conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, is not, of itself, determinative that
the director did not meet the relevant standard of conduct described in Section 8.51 of the MBCA.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 8.56 of the MBCA permits
a corporation to indemnify an officer (1) under those circumstances in which the corporation would be allowed to indemnify a director
and (2) if such officer is not a director of the corporation, to such further extent as the corporation chooses provided that the liability
does not arise out of acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law. Section
8.56 of the MBCA further requires that a corporation indemnify an officer who was wholly successful on the merits or otherwise in the
defense of any proceeding to which such officer was a party because he was a director of the corporation.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Prior to the final disposition
of a proceeding involving a director or officer, Sections 8.53 and 8.56 of the MBCA allow us to pay for or reimburse reasonable expenses.
As a condition, the director or officer must deliver a written undertaking to repay the funds if the individual is determined not to have
met the relevant standard of conduct, which determination is made in the same manner as the determination of whether an individual is
entitled to indemnification. This undertaking may be accepted without security and without regard to the individual&#8217;s financial
ability to make repayment. Another condition to advancement of expenses is that the individual submit a written affirmation of his or
her good faith that he or she has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification (or that the matter involved conduct for which
liability has been eliminated pursuant to the charter exculpation provision referred to above). Furthermore, Section 8.54 of the MBCA
provides that a court may direct a corporation to indemnify a director or officer under certain circumstances.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 8.58 of the MBCA allows
a corporation to obligate itself in advance of the act or omission giving rise to a proceeding to provide indemnification to a director
or officer or to advance funds or reimburse expenses. Such a commitment may be made in the corporation&#8217;s articles of organization
or bylaws or in a resolution adopted or a contract approved by the board of directors or the shareholders.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Under Section 8.51(b) of the
MBCA, a director&#8217;s conduct with respect to an employee benefit plan for a purpose he reasonably believed to be in the interests
of the participants in, and the beneficiaries of, the plan is conduct that satisfies the requirement that his conduct was at least not
opposed to the best interests of the corporation. Unless ordered by a court as provided in the statute, we may not indemnify a director
if his conduct did not satisfy the standards set forth above.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our Articles of Organization,
as amended, provide that our directors shall not be liable to us or our stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty
as a director, except to the extent that the exculpation from liabilities is not permitted under the MBCA, or Massachusetts Business Corporation
Act, as in effect at the time such liability is determined. Our Bylaws provide that we shall indemnify our directors and officers (including
persons who serve at our request as directors, officers, or trustees of another organization, or in any capacity with respect to any employee
benefit plan) to the full extent permitted by the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts against all liabilities and expenses, including
amounts paid in satisfaction of judgments, in compromise, or as fines and penalties, and counsel fees, reasonably incurred by him or her
in connection with the defense or disposition of any action, suit, or other proceeding, whether civil or criminal, in which he or she
may be involved or with which he or she may be threatened while in office or thereafter, by reason of his or her being or having been
such a director or officer, except with respect to any matter as to which he or she shall have been adjudicated in any proceeding not
to have acted in good faith in the reasonable belief that his or her action was in the best interest of our Company (any person serving
another organization in one or more of the indicated capacities at the request of the corporation who shall have acted in good faith in
the reasonable belief that his or her action was in the best interest of such other organization to be deemed as having acted in such
manner with respect to the corporation), or, to the extent that such matter relates to service with respect to any employee benefit plan,
in the best interests of the participants or beneficiaries of an employee benefit plan. In addition, we hold a Director and Officer Liability
and Corporate Indemnification Policy.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Item 16. Exhibits</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; width: 7%; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Exhibit No.</b></span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; width: 92%; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>DESCRIPTION OF DOCUMENT</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">1.1</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">Form of Underwriting Agreement +</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">4.1</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/867840/000168316824004056/poci_ex0401.htm">Form of Unsubordinated Indenture</a></span> *</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">4.2</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/867840/000168316824004056/poci_ex0402.htm">Form of Subordinated Indenture</a></span> *</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">4.3</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">Form of Warrant Certificate+</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">4.4</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">Form of Warrant Agreement+</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">4.5</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">Form of Unit Agreement and Certificate+</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">5</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/867840/000168316824004056/poci_ex0500.htm">Opinion of ArentFox Schiff LLP</a> *</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">23.1</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/867840/000168316824004056/poci_ex2301.htm">Consent of Stowe &amp; Degon LLC</a> *</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">23.2</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">Consent of ArentFox Schiff LLP (included in <a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/867840/000168316824004056/poci_ex0500.htm">Exhibit 5</a>)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">24.1</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/867840/000168316824004056/poci_s3.htm#a_017">Power of Attorney</a> (previously included on signature page)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">25.1</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">Form T-1 Statement of Eligibility of Trustee under the Unsubordinated Indenture#</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">25.2</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">Form T-1 Statement of Eligibility of Trustee under the Subordinated Indenture#</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">107</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/867840/000168316824004056/poci_ex107.htm">Filing Fee Table</a> *</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">____________________</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">* Previously filed </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><sup>+</sup> As applicable, to be filed by amendment or by a report
filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and incorporated herein by reference</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"># As applicable, to be incorporated herein by reference from a subsequent
filing in accordance with Section 305(b)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Item 17. Undertakings</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(a) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(1) To file, during any period
in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 49pt">(i) To include any prospectus
required by Section&#160;10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 49pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 49pt">(ii) To reflect in the prospectus
any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof)
which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding
the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed
that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the
form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no
more than a 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the &#8220;Calculation of Registration Fee&#8221; table
in the effective registration statement; and</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 49pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 49pt">(iii) To include any material
information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to
such information in the registration statement; provided, however, that paragraphs (1)(i), (1)(ii)&#160;and (1)(iii)&#160;do not apply
if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished
to the Commission by the registrant pursuant to Section&#160;13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated
by reference in the registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the
registration statement.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(2) That, for the purpose
of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration
statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial
bona fide offering thereof.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(3) To remove from registration
by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(4) That, for the purpose
of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 49pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 49pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 49pt"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 49pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 49pt">(i) Each prospectus filed by
the Registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of this Registration Statement as of the date the filed prospectus
was deemed part of and included in this Registration Statement; and</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 49pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 49pt">(ii) Each prospectus required
to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) (&#223; 230.424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) of this chapter) as part of a registration
statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) (&#223; 230.415(a)(1)(i),
(vii), or (x) of this chapter) for the purpose of providing the information required by section 10(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 shall
be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used
after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in
Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a
new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates,
and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial <i>bona fide</i> offering thereof. <i>Provided, however,</i>
that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated
or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as
to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration
statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt">(5) That, for the purpose of
determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities,
in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting
method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following
communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to
such purchaser:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 48pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 48pt">(i) Any preliminary prospectus
or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 48pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 48pt">(ii) Any free writing prospectus
relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 48pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 48pt">(iii) The portion of any other
free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided
by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 48pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 48pt">(iv) Any other communication
that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 48pt">&#160;&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(b) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes
that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the registrant&#8217;s annual report
pursuant to Section&#160;13(a) or Section&#160;15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an
employee benefit plan&#8217;s annual report pursuant to section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by
reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein,
and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(c) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities
arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing
provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy
as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities
(other than a payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in
the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with
the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling
precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed
in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(d) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes
that:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(1) For purposes of determining
any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration
statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b) (1) or (4)
or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective.</p>

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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAnnualReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Annual Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Quarterly Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentTransitionReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentTransitionReport" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentTransitionReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentTransitionReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentTransitionReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Transition Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Shell Company Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Shell Company Event Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period Start Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period End Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Period Focus</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Year Focus</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:to="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Current Fiscal Year End Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity File Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:to="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Registrant Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Central Index Key</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Primary SIC Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Tax Identification Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line One</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Two</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Three</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, City or Town</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Country</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_CountryRegion" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CountryRegion" xlink:to="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Country Region</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:to="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">City Area Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:to="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Local Phone Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_Extension" xlink:label="dei_Extension" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Extension" xlink:to="dei_Extension_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Extension_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Extension</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:to="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Written Communications</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:to="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Soliciting Material</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(b) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:to="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">No Trading Symbol Flag</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trading Symbol</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:to="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(g) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:to="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Reporting Obligation</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:to="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Annual Information Form</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:to="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>poci-20240611_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL PRESENTATION FILE
<TEXT>
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<xbrl
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  xmlns:dei="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024"
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    <dei:EntityRegistrantName contextRef="AsOf2024-06-11" id="Fact000012">Precision Optics Corporation, Inc.</dei:EntityRegistrantName>
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.1.u2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm139873595176768">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jun. 11, 2024</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">S-3/A<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentDescription', window );">Amendment Description</a></td>
<td class="text">Client made edits<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">Precision Optics Corporation, Inc.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0000867840<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">04-2795294<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">MA<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">2 East Broadway<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Gardner<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">MA<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">01440<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">(978)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">630-1800<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFilerCategory', window );">Entity Filer Category</a></td>
<td class="text">Non-accelerated Filer<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntitySmallBusiness', window );">Entity Small Business</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentCreationDate', window );">Document Creation Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Jun. 11,  2024<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentDescription">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Description of changes contained within amended document.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentDescription</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The date the document was made available and submitted, in YYYY-MM-DD format. The date of submission, date of acceptance by the recipient, and the document effective date are all potentially different.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFilerCategory">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate whether the registrant is one of the following: Large Accelerated Filer, Accelerated Filer, Non-accelerated Filer. Definitions of these categories are stated in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. This information should be based on the registrant's current or most recent filing containing the related disclosure.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFilerCategory</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:filerCategoryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntitySmallBusiness">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicates that the company is a Smaller Reporting Company (SRC).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntitySmallBusiness</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
