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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation, Big 5 Corp. and Big 5 Services Corp. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Reporting Period

Reporting Period

The Company follows the concept of a 52-53 week fiscal year, which ends on the Sunday nearest December 31. Fiscal 2016 and 2017 each included 52 weeks and fiscal 2015 included 53 weeks.

Recently Adopted Accounting Updates

Recently Adopted Accounting Updates

In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-09, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which includes multiple provisions intended to simplify various aspects of the accounting for share-based payments, including treatment of excess tax benefits and forfeitures, as well as consideration of minimum statutory tax withholding requirements. The ASU took effect for public companies for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2016, with early application permitted as of the beginning of an interim or annual reporting period. The Company adopted this standard in the first quarter of fiscal 2017, coinciding with the standard’s effective date, and has applied the effects of the adoption from the beginning of fiscal 2017, as follows:

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Excess tax benefits or deficiencies are applied prospectively and recorded as a component of the income tax provision in the fiscal 2017 consolidated statement of operations. Such amounts were previously recognized in additional paid-in capital, to the extent that there was a sufficient additional paid-in capital pool related to previously-recognized tax benefits, on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. No prior periods have been adjusted.

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The Company had no unrecognized tax benefits related to its share-based payment awards at the adoption date. Therefore, no cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings was required as of the adoption date.

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Earnings per share amounts presented in the fiscal 2017 consolidated statement of operations have been adjusted prospectively, and exclude the impact of assumed proceeds from tax benefits under the treasury stock method, since such amounts are now included as a component of the income tax provision and are no longer recognized in additional paid-in capital on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. No prior periods have been adjusted.

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Excess tax benefits no longer represent financing activities since they are recognized in the fiscal 2017 consolidated statement of operations; therefore, excess tax benefits have been classified as operating activities in the fiscal 2017 consolidated statement of cash flows. The ASU eliminated the requirement to reclassify excess tax benefits from operating activities to financing activities. The Company elected to apply the change in presentation prospectively, and no prior periods have been adjusted.

•

The Company elected to continue to estimate the total number of awards for which the service period will not be rendered, which resulted in no change to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

•

The Company currently presents cash payments to taxing authorities in connection with shares withheld to meet statutory tax withholding requirements as a financing activity, which resulted in no change to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, which eliminates the second step of the goodwill impairment test. The new ASU requires application of a one-step quantitative test, and recognition of the amount of goodwill impairment as the excess of a reporting unit’s carrying amount over its fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. The new guidance does not amend the optional qualitative assessment of goodwill impairment. The ASU will take effect for public companies for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019, and shall be applied prospectively. Early adoption of ASU No. 2017-04 is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company early-adopted this new standard in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017. In performing the annual test of goodwill impairment as of December 31, 2017, management identified an impairment of goodwill and applied the guidance of ASU 2017-04, resulting in the full impairment of the carrying value of goodwill. See Note 4 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a further discussion on goodwill.

Recently Issued Accounting Updates

Recently Issued Accounting Updates

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which was further clarified and amended in 2015 and 2016, and supersedes most preexisting revenue recognition guidance with a comprehensive new revenue recognition model. The core principle is that an entity recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The guidance also requires disclosures regarding the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. ASU No. 2014-09 will become effective for annual reporting periods (including interim reporting periods within those periods) beginning after December 15, 2017, with early application permitted. The Company plans to adopt this standard using the modified retrospective method with the cumulative effect of initially applying this ASU recognized in the first quarter of fiscal 2018, coinciding with the standard’s effective date. The Company has determined that the new standard will primarily impact the following areas: gift card breakage will be recognized based on actual customer redemptions, rather than when redemption is considered remote, and the Company expects to record a net pre-tax increase to retained earnings of approximately $0.7 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2018 related to the cumulative effect of initially applying this ASU; recognize estimated merchandise inventory cost of $1.3 million related to sales returns will be recorded in merchandise inventory, with the sales return reserve grossed up by the same amount; and, revenues related to online sales will be recognized upon shipment rather than delivery to the customer, with the cumulative effect related to this change expected to be immaterial. When adopted, this ASU results in minor modifications to the Company’s current processes and internal controls over financial reporting with no system modifications. The Company continues to analyze the disclosure requirements which will be effective in the first quarter of fiscal 2018 upon adoption of this ASU.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which requires lessees to recognize on the balance sheet assets and liabilities for leases with lease terms of more than 12 months. Consistent with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”), the recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease by a lessee will depend primarily on its classification as a finance or operating lease. However, unlike current GAAP—which requires only capital leases to be recognized on the balance sheet—the new ASU will require both types of leases to be recognized on the balance sheet, along with enhanced qualitative and quantitative disclosures. The ASU will take effect for public companies for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. This ASU shall be applied at the beginning of the earliest period presented using the modified retrospective approach, which includes a number of practical expedients that an entity may elect to apply. Early application of ASU No. 2016-02 is permitted. The Company plans to adopt this standard in the first quarter of fiscal 2019, coinciding with the standard’s effective date. While the Company is still evaluating this ASU, the Company has determined that the primary impact will be to recognize on the balance sheet all operating leases with lease terms greater than 12 months. It is expected that this standard will have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Company has formed a project team that is evaluating the pronouncement along with the practical expedients offered in the ASU as well as the enhanced disclosures, developing requirements for a lease accounting system, selecting a lease accounting software vendor and evaluating existing contracts for lease elements, among other activities, to account for this standard upon adoption.

Other recently issued accounting updates are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

Management has made a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reporting of assets, liabilities and stockholders’ equity and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and reported amounts of revenue and expense during the reporting period to prepare these consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP. Certain items subject to such estimates and assumptions include the carrying amount of merchandise inventories, property and equipment, and goodwill; valuation allowances for receivables, sales returns and deferred income tax assets; estimates related to gift card breakage and the valuation of share-based compensation awards; and obligations related to litigation, self-insurance liabilities and employee benefits. Actual results could differ significantly from these estimates under different assumptions and conditions.

Segment Reporting

Segment Reporting

The Company operates solely as a sporting goods retailer, which includes both retail stores and an e-commerce platform, that offers a broad range of products in the western United States and online, and whose Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) is the Chief Executive Officer. The CODM reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis, for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. The Company’s stores typically have similar square footage, with the stores and e-commerce platform offering a similar general product mix. The Company’s core customer demographic remains similar across all sales channels, as does the Company’s process for the procurement and marketing of its product mix. Furthermore, the Company distributes its product mix for both the stores and e-commerce platform from a single distribution center. Given the consolidated level of review by the CODM, the Company operates as one reportable segment as defined by Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 280, Segment Reporting.

The approximate net sales attributable to hard goods, athletic and sport apparel, athletic and sport footwear and other for the periods presented are set forth as follows:

		Fiscal Year
		2017				2016				2015
		(In thousands)
Hard goods		$	509,618			$	529,869			$	534,864
Athletic and sport apparel			206,816				200,476				199,109
Athletic and sport footwear			288,536				287,399				291,325
Other sales			4,665				3,491				3,800
Net sales		$	1,009,635			$	1,021,235			$	1,029,098

The Company launched its e-commerce platform in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2014 and e-commerce net sales for fiscal 2017, 2016 and 2015 were not material.

Earnings Per Share

Earnings Per Share

The Company calculates earnings per share in accordance with ASC 260, Earnings Per Share, which requires a dual presentation of basic and diluted earnings per share. Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding, reduced by shares repurchased and held in treasury, during the period. Diluted earnings per share represents basic earnings per share adjusted to include the potentially dilutive effect of outstanding share option awards, nonvested share awards and nonvested share unit awards.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue from retail sales at the point of sale through its retail stores. For e-commerce sales, revenue is recognized when the merchandise is delivered to the customer. Shipping and handling fees, when billed to customers for e-commerce sales, are included in net sales and the related shipping and handling costs are included in cost of sales. Sublease income is recognized ratably into revenue over the remaining lease term. Allowances for sales returns are estimated based upon historical experience and recorded as a reduction in sales in the relevant period, and are included in accrued expenses in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

Cash received from the sale of gift cards is recorded as a liability, and revenue is recognized upon the redemption of the gift card or when it is determined that the likelihood of redemption is remote (“gift card breakage”) and no liability to relevant jurisdictions exists. The Company determines the gift card breakage rate based upon historical redemption patterns and recognizes gift card breakage on a straight-line basis over the estimated gift card redemption period (20 quarters as of the end of fiscal 2017). The Company recognized approximately $0.4 million of gift card breakage revenue in each fiscal year presented. The Company had outstanding gift card liabilities of $5.7 million and $5.3 million as of December 31, 2017 and January 1, 2017, respectively, which are included in accrued expenses in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

The Company records sales tax collected from its customers on a net basis, and therefore excludes it from revenue as defined in ASC 605, Revenue Recognition.

Cost of Sales

Cost of sales includes the cost of merchandise, net of discounts or allowances earned, freight (including e-commerce shipping and handling costs), inventory reserves, buying, distribution center expense, including depreciation, and store occupancy expense. Store occupancy expense includes rent, amortization of leasehold improvements, common area maintenance, property taxes and insurance.

Selling and Administrative Expense

Selling and Administrative Expense

Selling and administrative expense includes store-related expense, other than store occupancy expense, as well as advertising, depreciation and amortization, expense associated with operating the Company’s corporate headquarters and impairment charges, if any.

Vendor Allowances

Vendor Allowances

The Company receives allowances for co-operative advertising and volume purchase rebates earned through programs with certain vendors. The Company records a receivable for these allowances which are earned but not yet received when it is determined the amounts are probable and reasonably estimable, in accordance with ASC 605. Amounts relating to the purchase of merchandise are treated as a reduction of inventory cost and reduce cost of goods sold as the merchandise is sold. Amounts that represent a reimbursement of costs incurred, such as advertising, are recorded as a reduction in selling and administrative expense. The Company performs detailed analyses to determine the appropriate amount of vendor allowances to be applied as a reduction of merchandise cost and selling and administrative expense.

Advertising Expense

Advertising Expense

Advertising is expensed when the advertising first occurs. Advertising expense, net of co-operative advertising allowances, amounted to $37.9 million, $38.2 million and $39.8 million for fiscal 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Advertising expense is included in selling and administrative expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The Company receives co-operative advertising allowances from certain product vendors in order to subsidize qualifying advertising and similar promotional expenditures made relating to vendors’ products. These advertising allowances are recognized as a reduction to selling and administrative expense when the Company incurs the advertising expense eligible for the credit. Co-operative advertising allowances recognized as a reduction to selling and administrative expense amounted to $5.6 million, $5.9 million and $6.0 million for fiscal 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Share-Based Compensation

Share-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for its share-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation. The Company recognizes compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period using the fair-value method for share option awards, nonvested share awards and nonvested share unit awards granted with service-only conditions. See Note 16 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a further discussion on share-based compensation.

Pre-opening Costs

Pre-opening Costs

Pre-opening costs for new stores, which are not material, consist primarily of payroll and recruiting expense, training, marketing, rent, travel and supplies, and are expensed as incurred.

Cash

Cash consists of cash on hand, and the Company has no cash equivalents. Book overdrafts are classified as current liabilities.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable consist primarily of third party purchasing card receivables, amounts due from inventory vendors for returned products, volume purchase rebates or co-operative advertising, amounts due from lessors for tenant improvement allowances and insurance recovery receivables. Accounts receivable have not historically resulted in any material credit losses. An allowance for doubtful accounts is provided when accounts are determined to be uncollectible.

Valuation of Merchandise Inventories, Net

Valuation of Merchandise Inventories, Net

The Company’s merchandise inventories are made up of finished goods and are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value using the weighted-average cost method that approximates the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) method. Average cost includes the direct purchase price of merchandise inventory, net of vendor allowances and cash discounts, in-bound freight-related expense and allocated overhead expense associated with the Company’s distribution center.

Management regularly reviews inventories and records valuation reserves for damaged and defective merchandise, merchandise items with slow-moving or obsolescence exposure and merchandise that has a carrying value that exceeds net realizable value. Because of its merchandise mix, the Company has not historically experienced significant occurrences of obsolescence.

Inventory shrinkage is accrued as a percentage of merchandise sales based on historical inventory shrinkage trends. The Company performs physical inventories of its stores at least once per year and cycle counts inventories at its distribution center throughout the year. The reserve for inventory shrinkage primarily represents an estimate for inventory shrinkage for each store since the last physical inventory date through the reporting date.

These reserves are estimates, which could vary significantly, either favorably or unfavorably, from actual results if future economic conditions, consumer demand and competitive environments differ from expectations.

Prepaid Expenses

Prepaid Expenses

Prepaid expenses include the prepayment of various operating expenses such as insurance, rent, income and property taxes, software maintenance and supplies, which are expensed when the operating cost is realized.

Property and Equipment, Net

Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment are stated at cost and are being depreciated or amortized utilizing the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives:

Leasehold improvements		Shorter of estimated useful life or term of lease
Furniture and equipment		3 – 10 years
Internal-use software		3 – 7 years

Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred.

The Company incurs costs to purchase and develop software for internal use. Costs related to the application development stage are capitalized and amortized over the estimated useful life of the software. Costs related to the design or maintenance of internal-use software are expensed as incurred.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price over fair value of net assets acquired. Under ASC 350, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other, goodwill is not amortized but evaluated for impairment annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the value may not be recoverable.

The Company performed an annual impairment test as of the end of fiscal 2017, 2016 and 2015, and determined that goodwill was impaired in fiscal 2017. See Note 4 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a further discussion on goodwill.

Valuation of Long-Lived Assets

Valuation of Long-Lived Assets

The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable.

Long-lived assets are reviewed for recoverability at the lowest level in which there are identifiable cash flows (“asset group”), usually at the store level. Each store typically requires net investments of approximately $0.5 million in long-lived assets to be held and used, subject to recoverability testing. The carrying amount of an asset group is not considered recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset group. If the asset group is determined not to be recoverable, then an impairment charge will be recognized in the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset group exceeds its fair value, determined using discounted cash flow valuation techniques, as defined in ASC 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment.

The Company determines the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the asset group by projecting future revenue, gross margin and operating expense for each store under evaluation for impairment. The estimates of future cash flows involve management judgment and are based upon assumptions about expected future operating performance. Assumptions used in these forecasts are consistent with internal planning, and include assumptions about sales growth rates, gross margins and operating expense in relation to the current economic environment and future expectations, competitive factors in various markets and inflation. The actual cash flows could differ from management’s estimates due to changes in business conditions, operating performance and economic conditions.

In fiscal 2017 and 2015, the Company recognized non-cash impairment charges of $0.6 million and $0.2 million, respectively, related to certain underperforming stores. These impairment charges are included in selling and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations. In fiscal 2016, the Company did not recognize any impairment charges.

Leases and Deferred Rent

Leases and Deferred Rent

The Company accounts for its leases under the provisions of ASC 840, Leases.

The Company evaluates and classifies its leases as either operating or capital leases for financial reporting purposes. Operating lease commitments consist principally of leases for the Company’s retail store facilities, distribution center, corporate office, information technology hardware and distribution center delivery tractors. Capital lease obligations consist principally of leases for some of the Company’s information technology systems hardware.

Certain of the leases for the Company’s retail store facilities provide for payments based on future sales volumes at the leased location, which are not measurable at the inception of the lease. These contingent rents are expensed as they accrue.

Deferred rent represents the difference between rent paid and the amounts expensed for operating leases. Certain leases have scheduled rent increases, and certain leases include an initial period of free or reduced rent as an inducement to enter into the lease agreement (“rent holidays”). The Company recognizes rent expense for rent increases and rent holidays on a straight-line basis over the term of the underlying leases, without regard to when rent payments are made. The calculation of straight-line rent begins on the possession date and extends through the “reasonably assured” lease term as defined in ASC 840 and may exceed the initial non-cancelable lease term.

Landlord allowances for tenant improvements, or lease incentives, are recorded as deferred rent and amortized on a straight-line basis over the “reasonably assured” lease term as a component of rent expense.

The Company evaluates its leases relative to asset retirement obligations, and determined these amounts to be immaterial.

Self-Insurance Liabilities

Self-Insurance Liabilities

The Company maintains self-insurance programs for its commercial general liability risk and, in certain states, its estimated workers’ compensation liability risk. The Company also has a self-funded insurance program for a portion of its employee medical benefits. Under these programs, the Company maintains insurance coverage for losses in excess of specified per-occurrence amounts. Estimated expenses incurred under the self-insured workers’ compensation and medical benefits programs, including incurred but not reported claims, are recorded as expense based upon historical experience, trends of paid and incurred claims, and other actuarial assumptions. If actual claims trends under these programs, including the severity or frequency of claims, differ from the Company’s estimates, its financial results may be significantly impacted. The Company’s estimated self-insurance liabilities, which are reported gross of expected workers’ compensation insurance reimbursements, are classified on the balance sheet as accrued expenses or other long-term liabilities based upon whether they are expected to be paid during or beyond the normal operating cycle of 12 months from the date of the consolidated financial statements. Self-insurance liabilities totaled $11.6 million and $11.6 million as of December 31, 2017 and January 1, 2017, respectively, of which $4.6 million and $4.7 million were recorded as a component of accrued expenses as of December 31, 2017 and January 1, 2017, respectively, and $7.0 million and $6.9 million were recorded as a component of other long-term liabilities as of December 31, 2017 and January 1, 2017, respectively, in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

Income Taxes

Under the asset and liability method prescribed within ASC 740, Income Taxes, the Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between financial statement carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be realized or settled. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The realizability of deferred tax assets is assessed throughout the year and a valuation allowance is recorded if necessary to reduce net deferred tax assets to the amount more likely than not to be realized. Certain prior period deferred tax disclosures were reclassified to conform with current period presentation.

ASC 740 provides that a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position may be recognized when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including resolutions of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. ASC 740 also provides guidance on measurement, derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition.

The Company’s practice is to recognize interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in interest expense and penalties in selling and administrative expense. As of December 31, 2017 and January 1, 2017, the Company had no accrued interest or penalties.

Concentration of Risk

Concentration of Risk

The Company maintains its cash accounts in financial institutions, and accounts at these institutions are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation up to $250,000.

The Company primarily operates traditional sporting goods retail stores located in the western United States. Because of this, the Company is subject to regional risks, such as the economy, including downturns in the housing market, state financial conditions, unemployment and gas prices. Other regional risks include weather conditions, fires, droughts, earthquakes, power outages and other natural disasters specific to the states in which the Company operates.

The Company relies on a single distribution center located in Riverside, California, which services all of its stores and e-commerce platform. Any natural disaster or other serious disruption to the distribution center due to fire, earthquake or any other cause could damage a significant portion of inventory and could materially impair the Company’s ability to adequately stock its stores and fulfill its e-commerce business.

A substantial amount of the Company’s inventory is manufactured abroad. From time to time, shipping ports experience capacity constraints, labor strikes, work stoppages or other disruptions that may delay the delivery of imported products. A contract dispute, such as the one the Company experienced in the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach in 2015, may lead to protracted delays in the movement of the Company’s products, which could further delay the delivery of products to the Company’s stores and impact net sales and profitability. In addition, other conditions outside of the Company’s control, such as adverse weather conditions or acts of terrorism, could significantly disrupt operations at shipping ports or otherwise impact transportation of the imported merchandise we sell.

The Company purchases merchandise from over 700 suppliers, and the Company’s 20 largest suppliers accounted for 40.9% of total purchases in fiscal 2017. One vendor represented greater than 5% of total purchases, at 11.0%, in fiscal 2017. A significant portion of the Company’s inventory is manufactured abroad in China and other countries. Foreign imports subject us to the risks of changes in, or the imposition of new, import tariffs, duties or quotas, new restrictions on imports, loss of “most favored nation” status with the United States for a particular foreign country, antidumping or countervailing duty orders, retaliatory actions in response to illegal trade practices, work stoppages, delays in shipment, freight expense increases, product cost increases due to foreign currency fluctuations or revaluations and economic uncertainties. If a disruption of trade were to occur from the countries in which the suppliers of the Company’s vendors are located, the Company may be unable to obtain sufficient quantities of products to satisfy its requirements, or the cost of obtaining products may increase.

The Company could be exposed to credit risk in the event of nonperformance by any lender under its revolving credit facility. Instability in the financial and capital markets could bring additional potential risks to the Company, including higher costs of credit, potential lender defaults, and potential commercial bank failures. The Company has received no indication that any such events will negatively impact the lenders under its current revolving credit facility; however, the possibility does exist.