Fair Value of Financial Instruments

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2013

12. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Our financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, convertible notes payable, notes payable, and warrant liability. We do not believe that we are exposed to significant interest, currency, or credit risks arising from these financial instruments. With the exception of the warrant liability, the fair values of these financial instruments approximates their carrying values using Level 3 inputs, based on their short maturities or for long-term debt based on borrowing rates currently available to us for loans with similar terms and maturities. Gains and losses recognized on changes in fair value of convertible notes and warrant liability are reported in other income (expense).

Our initial warrant valuation of the warrants issued in 2012 as described more fully in Note 9 was measured at fair value by applying the Black-Scholes-Merton option valuation model, which utilizes Level 3 inputs. The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes-Merton option valuation for the warrants are as follows: volatility of 66%; risk free interest rate of 1%; expected term of five years; and expected dividend yield of 0%. The grant date fair value of the initial warrant valuation described above was $2.56 per warrant. The risk free interest rate is based on U.S. Treasury rates with maturity dates approximating the expected term of the warrants. At the time of the initial warrant valuation, we were a private company and common stock transactions were too infrequent. Therefore, we could not practicably estimate the expected volatility of our own stock. Accordingly, we have substituted the historical volatility of a relevant sector index, which we have generated from companies that are publicly traded and do business within the industry we operate.

The March 29, 2013 and December 31, 2012 warrant valuations were measured at fair value by utilizing the quoted market price for our common stock and the valuation for the cashless exercise of Warrant 1-1, Warrant 1-5, and Warrant 1-6 in March 2013, which are Level 1 and Level 2 inputs. These inputs of (i) an observable warrant exercise transaction and (ii) publicly traded market price provided a reasonable basis for valuation for the warrants as of March 29, 2013 and December 31, 2012. Based on that valuation using the $3.00 closing market price and exercisable rights in total to purchase 6,905,576 shares of our common stock at $0.37 per share, Warrant 1-1 and Warrant 1-5 had a value of $20,233,338. Using the same valuation method, Warrant 1-6 had a value of $1,465,000 upon issuance on March 29, 2013. All three warrants were exercised on March 29, 2013. See Note 9 regarding the exercise of these warrants.

The following table summarizes the warrant liability valuation for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012:


Description	Fair Value Measurements Warrant Liability
Beginning balance, December 31, 2011	$	—
Issuances (Level 3)		18,742,526
Total (gains) or losses (Level 1 and 2)		1,490,812

Ending balance, December 31, 2012	$	20,233,338
Issuances (Level 3)		1,465,000
Warrant conversion (Level 1 and 2)		(21,698,338	)

Ending balance, December 31, 2013	$	—

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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