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Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2020
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies | NOTE 2 – BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Basis of Presentation and Use of Estimates The Management of the Company is responsible for the selection and use of appropriate accounting policies and the appropriateness of accounting policies and their application. Critical accounting policies and practices are those that are both most important to the portrayal of the Company’s financial condition and results and require management’s most difficult, subjective, or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effects of matters that are inherently uncertain. The Company’s significant and critical accounting policies and practices are disclosed below as required by generally accepted accounting principles. Basis of Presentation The accompanying consolidated financial statements and related notes have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). Fiscal Year-End The Company elected September 30 as its fiscal year-end date. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Such estimates include, but are not limited to, provisions for doubtful accounts receivable, net realizable value of inventory, warranty obligations, income tax accruals, deferred tax valuation and assessments of the recoverability of the Company’s long-lived assets. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Cemtrex Advanced Technologies Inc., Cemtrex Ltd., Cemtrex Technologies Pvt. Ltd., and Advanced Industrial Services, Inc. and the Company’s majority-owned subsidiary Vicon Industries, Inc. and its subsidiaries, Telesite USA, Vicon Industries Ltd., Vicon Deutschland GmbH, and Vicon Systems, Ltd. All inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Carrying Value, Recoverability and Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company’s long-lived assets, which include property and equipment and intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The Company assesses the recoverability of its long-lived assets by comparing the projected undiscounted net cash flows associated with the related long-lived asset or group of long-lived assets over their remaining estimated useful lives against their respective carrying amounts. Impairment, if any, is based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of those assets. Fair value is generally determined using the asset’s expected future discounted cash flows or market value, if readily determinable. When long-lived assets are determined to be recoverable, but the newly determined remaining estimated useful lives are shorter than originally estimated, the net book values of the long-lived assets are depreciated over the newly determined remaining estimated useful lives. The impairment charges, if any, is included in operating expenses in the accompanying statements of operations. Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company performs on-going credit evaluations of its customers and adjusts credit limits based upon payment history and the customer’s current credit worthiness, as determined by the review of their current credit information; and determines the allowance for doubtful accounts based on historical write-off experience, customer specific facts and general economic conditions that may affect a client’s ability to pay. Account balances are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. The Company determines when receivables are past due or delinquent based on how recently payments have been received. The Company has $340,848 and $606,051 allowance for doubtful accounts at September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company does not have any off-balance-sheet credit exposure to its customers at September 30, 2020 or 2019. Inventory and Cost of Goods Sold The Company values inventory, consisting of finished goods, at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined on the first-in and first- out (“FIFO”) method. The Company reduces inventory for the diminution of value, resulting from product obsolescence, damage or other issues affecting marketability, equal to the difference between the cost of the inventory and its estimated market value. Factors utilized in the determination of estimated market value include (i) current sales data and historical return rates, (ii) estimates of future demand, and (iii) competitive pricing pressures. The Company classifies inventory markdowns in the income statement as a component of cost of goods sold. These markdowns are estimates, which could vary significantly from actual requirements if future economic conditions, customer demand or competition differ from expectations. There was $4,575,193 and $3,938,212 in inventory obsolescence at September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The increase in inventory obsolescence is due to the addition of slow moving and out of date products. Property and Equipment Property and equipment is recorded at cost. Expenditures for major additions and betterments are capitalized. Maintenance and repairs are charged to operations as incurred. Depreciation of property and equipment is computed by the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, shown in the table below;
|  | Estimated Useful Life |
|  | (Years) |
Building |  |  | 30 |
Furniture and office equipment |  |  | 5 |
Computer software |  |  | 7 |
Machinery and equipment |  |  | 7 |
Upon sale or retirement of property and equipment, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any gain or loss is reflected in statements of operations. Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the fair value of net assets of businesses acquired. The Company accounts for goodwill under the guidance of the ASC Topic 350, “Intangibles: Goodwill and Other”. Goodwill acquired in a purchase business combination and determined to have an indefinite useful life is not amortized, but instead tested for impairment, at least annually, in accordance with this guidance. The recoverability of goodwill is subject to an annual impairment test or whenever an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not result in an impairment. The Company tests goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level on an annual basis as of September 30 and between annual tests when an event occurs or circumstances change that could indicate that the asset might be impaired. In accordance with the FASB revised guidance on “Testing of Goodwill for Impairment,” a company first has the option to assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If the company decides, as a result of its qualitative assessment, that it is more-likely-than- not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the quantitative impairment test is mandatory. Otherwise, no further testing is required. The quantitative impairment test consists of a two-step goodwill impairment test. The first step compares the fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying amount. If the fair value of each reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill is not considered to be impaired and the second step will not be required. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the second step compares the implied fair value of goodwill to the carrying value of a reporting unit’s goodwill. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined in a manner similar to accounting for a business combination with the allocation of the assessed fair value determined in the first step to the assets and liabilities of the reporting unit. The excess of the fair value of the reporting unit over the amounts assigned to the assets and liabilities is the implied fair value of goodwill. This allocation process is only performed for purposes of evaluating goodwill impairment and does not result in an entry to adjust the value of any assets or liabilities. An impairment loss is recognized for any excess in the carrying value of goodwill over the implied fair value of goodwill. For the years ended September 30, 2020, and 2019, there was no impairment of the Company’s goodwill. Leases On October 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU 2016-02 (Topic 842), “Leases”. ASU 2016-02 requires that a lessee recognize the assets and liabilities that arise from operating leases. A lessee should recognize in the statement of financial position a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. For leases with a term of 12 months or less, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election by class of underlying asset not to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. In transition, lessees and lessors may use the effective date method and elected certain practical expedients allowing the Company not to reassess:
| ● | whether expired or existing contracts contain leases under the new definition of a lease;
| ● | lease classification for expired or existing leases; and
| ● | whether previously capitalized initial direct costs would qualify for capitalization under Topic 842.
The Company also made the accounting policy decision not to recognize lease assets and liabilities for leases with a term of 12 months or less. Related Parties The financial statements shall include disclosures of material related party transactions, other than compensation arrangements, expense allowances, and other similar items in the ordinary course of business. However, disclosure of transactions that are eliminated in the preparation of consolidated or combined financial statements is not required in those statements. The disclosures shall include: a. the nature of the relationship(s) involved b. description of the transactions, including transactions to which no amounts or nominal amounts were ascribed, for each of the periods for which income statements are presented, and such other information deemed necessary to an understanding of the effects of the transactions on the financial statements; c. the dollar amounts of transactions for each of the periods for which income statements are presented and the effects of any change in the method of establishing the terms from that used in the preceding period; and d. amounts due from or to related parties as of the date of each balance sheet presented and, if not otherwise apparent, the terms and manner of settlement. Commitment and Contingencies The Company follows subtopic 450-20 of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification to report accounting for contingencies. Certain conditions may exist as of the date the consolidated financial statements are issued, which may result in a loss to the Company, but which will only be resolved when one or more future events occur or fail to occur. The Company assesses such contingent liabilities, and such assessment inherently involves an exercise of judgment. In assessing loss contingencies related to legal proceedings that are pending against the Company or unasserted claims that may result in such proceedings, the Company evaluates the perceived merits of any legal proceedings or unasserted claims as well as the perceived merits of the amount of relief sought or expected to be sought therein. If the assessment of a contingency indicates that it is probable that a material loss has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be estimated, then the estimated liability would be accrued in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. If the assessment indicates that a potential material loss contingency is not probable but is reasonably possible, or is probable but cannot be estimated, then the nature of the contingent liability, and an estimate of the range of possible losses, if determinable and material, would be disclosed. Loss contingencies considered remote are generally not disclosed unless they involve guarantees, in which case the guarantees would be disclosed. Management does not believe, based upon information available at this time, that these matters will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows. However, there is no assurance that such matters will not materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, financial position, and results of operations or cash flows. Revenue Recognition On October 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), using the modified retrospective transition method. Management determined that there was no cumulative effect adjustment to the consolidated financial statements and the adoption of the standard did not require any adjustments to the consolidated financial statements for prior periods. Under the guidance of the standard, revenue represents the amount received or receivable for goods and services supplied by the Company to its customers. Company recognizes revenue at the time a good or service is transferred to a customer and the customer obtains control of that good or receives the service performed. Most of the Company’s sales arrangements with customers are short-term in nature involving single performance obligations related to the delivery of goods or repair of equipment and generally provide for transfer of control at the time of shipment to the customer. The Company generally permits returns of product or repaired equipment due to defects; however, returns are historically insignificant. In accordance with the authoritative guidance issued by the FASB on revenue recognition, the Company recognizes revenue from cost reimbursable contracts based on the services provided, typically represented by man-hours worked, and is measured by reference to agreed charge-out rates or to the estimated total contract revenue. Revenue from long-term fixed price contracts is recognized using the percentage-of-completion method, measured by reference to physical completion or the ratio of costs incurred to total estimated contract costs. If the outcome of a contract cannot be estimated reliably, as may be the case in the initial stages of completion of the contract, revenue is recognized only to the extent of the costs incurred that are expected to be recoverable. If a contract is expected to be loss-making, the expected amount of the loss is recognized immediately in the income statement. Revenue from short-term contracts is recognized when delivery has occurred, and collection of the resulting receivable is deemed probable. Timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers. The Company records a liability when receiving cash in advance of delivering goods or services to the customer. This liability is reversed against the receivable recognized when those goods or services are delivered Warranties The Company provides for the estimated cost of product warranties at the time revenue is recognized. While the Company engages in product quality programs and processes, including monitoring and evaluating the quality of its component suppliers, its warranty obligation is affected by product failure rates, material usage and service delivery costs incurred in correcting a product failure. Should actual product failure rates, material usage or service delivery costs differ from its estimates, revisions to the estimated warranty liability may be required. Shipping and Handling Costs The Company accounts for shipping and handling fees in accordance with paragraph 605-45 of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification. Amounts charged to customers for shipping products are included in revenues, the related costs are classified in cost of goods sold as incurred. Income Tax Provision The Company accounts for income taxes under ASC 740-10, which requires recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are based on the differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance to the extent management concludes it is more likely than not that the assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company may recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position should be measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty (50) percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The Company will accrue for interest and penalties on income taxes when there is a likelihood that they will occur and can be reasonably estimated. The estimated future tax effects of temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities are reported in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, as well as tax credit carrybacks and carry-forwards. The Company periodically reviews the recoverability of deferred tax assets recorded on its consolidated balance sheets and provides valuation allowances as management deems necessary. Management makes judgments as to the interpretation of the tax laws that might be challenged upon an audit and cause changes to previous estimates of tax liability. In addition, the Company operates within multiple taxing jurisdictions including the United States, India, and The United Kingdom, and is subject to audit in these jurisdictions. In management’s opinion, adequate provisions for income taxes have been made for all years. If actual taxable income by tax jurisdiction varies from estimates, additional allowances or reversals of reserves may be necessary. Uncertain Tax Positions For the years ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company did not take any uncertain tax positions and had no adjustments to its income tax liabilities or benefits. The Company will record any interest and/or penalties arising from uncertain tax provisions when they are likely to occur and reasonably estimable. Accounting for Share-Based Compensation The Company follows ASC 718 (“Share-Based Payment”), which requires that all share-based payments to employees, including stock options, stock appreciation rights (SARs) and common stock share awards, be recognized as compensation expense in the consolidated financial statements based on their fair values and over the requisite service period. The fair value for options granted was determined at the date of grant using a Black-Scholes valuation model and the straight-line attribution approach using the following weighted average assumptions: The risk-free interest rate used in the Black-Scholes valuation method is based on the implied yield currently available in U.S. Treasury securities at maturity with an equivalent term. Other than a one-time dividend paid in fiscal year 2017, the Company never declared or paid any cash dividends and does not currently expect to do so in the future. Expected volatility is based on the annualized daily historical volatility of the Company’s stock over a representative period. The weighted-average expected life represents the period over which stock-based awards are expected to be outstanding and was determined based on a number of factors, including historical weighted average and projected holding periods for the remaining unexercised shares, the contractual terms of the Company’s stock-based awards, vesting schedules and expectations of future employee behavior. Net Income (Loss) per Common Share Basic net income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per common share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares of common stock and potentially dilutive outstanding shares of common stock during the period to reflect the potential dilution that could occur from common shares issuable through contingent share arrangements, stock options and warrants. As of September 30, 2020, and 2019, the following items were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per common share as their effect is anti-dilutive:
|  | For the years ended |
|  | September 30, |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Warrants to purchase shares |  |  | 945,833 |  |  |  | 1,050,000 |
Options |  |  | 433,965 |  |  |  | 433,965 |
Foreign Currency Translation Gain and Comprehensive Income (Loss) In countries in which the Company operates, and the functional currency is other than the U.S. dollar, assets and liabilities are translated using published exchange rates in effect at the consolidated balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses and cash flows are translated using an approximate weighted average exchange rate for the period. Resulting translation adjustments are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. For the years ending September 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019, comprehensive loss includes a gain of $22,295 and a gain of $1,279,301, respectively, which were entirely from foreign currency translation. As of and for the year ended September 30, 2020 the Company used the following exchange rates.
Currency |  | Exchange rate at December 31, 2019 |  |  | Approximate weighted average exchange rate For the three months ended December 31, 2019 |  |  | Exchange rate at September 30, 2020 |  |  | Approximate weighted average exchange rate For the year ended September 30, 2020 |
Indian Rupee |  |  | 0.001 |  |  |  | 0.014 |  |  |  | 0.014 |  |  |  | 0.014 |
Great Britain Pound |  |  | 1.320 |  |  |  | 1.290 |  |  |  | 1.287 |  |  |  | 1.248 |
Cash Flows Reporting The Company adopted uses the indirect or reconciliation method (“Indirect method”) as to report net cash flow from operating activities by adjusting net income to reconcile it to net cash flow from operating activities by removing the effects of (a) all deferrals of past operating cash receipts and payments and all accruals of expected future operating cash receipts and payments and (b) all items that are included in net income that do not affect operating cash receipts and payments. The Company reports the reporting currency equivalent of foreign currency cash flows, using the current exchange rate at the time of the cash flows and the effect of exchange rate changes on cash held in foreign currencies is reported as a separate item in the reconciliation of beginning and ending balances of cash and cash equivalents and separately provides information about investing and financing activities not resulting in cash receipts or payments in the period. Subsequent Events The Company will evaluate subsequent events through the date when the financial statements were issued. It is the Company’s policy to disclose subsequent information that it feels is important to the context of the financial statements. Reclassifications Certain reclassifications have been made to prior period amounts to conform to the current period presentation. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Effective Intangibles – Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software In August 2018, the FASB issued No. ASU 2018-15, which addresses a customer’s accounting for implementation costs incurred in a cloud computing arrangement that is a service contract. Under the new standard, customers will apply the same criteria for capitalizing implementation costs as they would for an arrangement that has a software license. ASU 2018-15 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those annual reporting periods, with early adoption permitted. As of September 30, 2020, the Company does not have significant implementation costs incurred in a cloud computing arrangement that is a service contract and therefore upon adoption the impact of the new standard on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures is not expected to be material. All future implementation costs in such arrangements will be capitalized and amortized over the life of the arrangement, which may have a material impact in those future periods if such costs are material. Fair Value In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, which changes the fair value measurement disclosure requirements of ASC 820. ASU 2018-13 will be effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those annual reporting periods, with early adoption permitted for any eliminated or modified disclosures upon issuance of this ASU. Upon adoption, the new standard will eliminate certain disclosure requirements in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Financial Instruments – Credit Losses In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326), which requires entities to measure all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. This replaces the existing incurred loss model and is applicable to the measurement of credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost. ASU 2016-13 is effective for smaller reporting companies for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those annual reporting periods, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the new standard on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. All other Accounting Standards Updates issued but not yet effective are not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s future consolidated financial statements or related disclosures.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the basis of presentation and significant accounting policies concepts. Basis of presentation describes the underlying basis used to prepare the financial statements (for example, US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, Other Comprehensive Basis of Accounting, IFRS). Accounting policies describe all significant accounting policies of the reporting entity. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2122369 + Details
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