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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation – The consolidated financial statements of the Company presented herein include all of the accounts of Sotherly Hotels Inc., the Operating Partnership, MHI TRS and subsidiaries. All significant inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. The consolidated financial statements of the Operating Partnership presented herein include all of the accounts of Sotherly Hotels LP, MHI TRS and subsidiaries. All significant inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated. Additionally, all administrative expenses of the Company and those expenditures made by the Company on behalf of the Operating Partnership are reflected as the administrative expenses, expenditures and obligations thereto of the Operating Partnership, pursuant to the terms of the Partnership Agreement. Investment in Hotel Properties – Investments in hotel properties include investments in operating properties which are recorded at acquisition cost and allocated to land, property and equipment and identifiable intangible assets. Replacements and improvements are capitalized, while repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Upon the sale or retirement of a fixed asset, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from our accounts and any resulting gain or loss is included in the statements of operations. Expenditures under a renovation project, which constitute additions or improvements that extend the life of the property, are capitalized. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, generally 7 to 39 years for buildings and building improvements and 3 to 10 years for furniture, fixtures and equipment. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the lease term or the useful lives of the related assets. We review our investments in hotel properties for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the hotel properties may not be recoverable. Events or circumstances that may cause a review include, but are not limited to, adverse permanent changes in the demand for lodging at the properties due to declining national or local economic conditions and/or new hotel construction in markets where the hotels are located. When such conditions exist, management performs an analysis to determine if the estimated undiscounted future cash flows from operations and the proceeds from the ultimate disposition of a hotel property exceed its carrying value. If the estimated undiscounted future cash flows are found to be less than the carrying amount of the asset, an adjustment to reduce the carrying amount to the related hotel property’s estimated fair market value would be recorded and an impairment loss recognized. Assets Held For Sale – We record assets as held for sale when management has committed to a plan to sell the assets, actively seeks a buyer for the assets, and the consummation of the sale is considered probable and is expected within one year. Cash and Cash Equivalents – We consider all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Concentration of Credit Risk – We hold cash accounts at several institutions in excess of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”) protection limits of $250,000. Our exposure to credit loss in the event of the failure of these institutions is represented by the difference between the FDIC protection limit and the total amounts on deposit. Management monitors, on a regular basis, the financial condition of the financial institutions along with the balances there on deposit to minimize our potential risk. Restricted Cash – Restricted cash includes real estate tax escrows, insurance escrows and reserves for replacements of furniture, fixtures and equipment pursuant to certain requirements in our various mortgage agreements. Accounts Receivable – Accounts receivable consists primarily of hotel guest and banqueting receivables. Ongoing evaluations of collectability are performed and an allowance for potential credit losses is provided against the portion of accounts receivable that is estimated to be uncollectible. Inventories – Inventories, consisting primarily of food and beverages, are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost determined on a method that approximates first-in, first-out basis. Franchise License Fees – Fees expended to obtain or renew a franchise license are amortized over the life of the license or renewal. The unamortized franchise fees as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were $516,601 and $532,070, respectively. Amortization expense for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 totaled $17,032 and $31,452, respectively. Deferred Financing and Offering Costs – Deferred financing costs are recorded at cost and consist of loan fees and other costs incurred in issuing debt and are reflected in mortgage loans, net on the consolidated balance sheets. Deferred offering costs are recorded at cost and consist of offering fees and other costs incurred in issuing equity and are reflected in prepaid expenses, inventory and other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. Amortization of deferred financing costs is computed using a method that approximates the effective interest method over the term of the related debt and is included in interest expense in the consolidated statements of operations. Deferred offering costs are netted against our equity offerings when the offering is complete, whereby the costs are offset against the equity funds raised in the future and included in additional paid-in capital on the consolidated balance sheets, or if the offering expires and the offering costs exceed the funds raised in the offering then the excess will be included in corporate general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. Derivative Instruments – Our derivative instruments are reflected as assets or liabilities on the balance sheet and measured at fair value. Derivative instruments used to hedge the exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset, liability, or firm commitment attributable to a particular risk, such as an interest rate risk, are considered fair value hedges. Derivative instruments used to hedge exposure to variability in expected future cash flows, or other types of forecasted transactions, are considered cash flow hedges. For a derivative instrument designated as a cash flow hedge, the change in fair value each period is reported in accumulated other comprehensive income in stockholders’ equity and partners’ capital to the extent the hedge is effective. For a derivative instrument designated as a fair value hedge, the change in fair value each period is reported in earnings along with the change in fair value of the hedged item attributable to the risk being hedged. For a derivative instrument that does not qualify for hedge accounting or is not designated as a hedge, the change in fair value each period is reported in earnings. We use derivative instruments to add stability to interest expense and to manage our exposure to interest-rate movements. To accomplish this objective, we currently use an interest rate cap which acts as a cash flow hedge and is not designated as a hedge. We value our interest-rate cap at fair value, which we define as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price). We also have used derivative instruments in the Company’s stock to obtain more favorable terms on our financing. We do not enter into contracts to purchase or sell derivative instruments for speculative trading purposes. Fair Value Measurements – We classify the inputs used to measure fair value into the following hierarchy:
| Level 1 | Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
| Level 2 | Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, or unadjusted quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability.
| Level 3 | Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.
We endeavor to utilize the best available information in measuring fair value. Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The following table represents our assets and liabilities measured at fair value and the basis for that measurement (our interest rate cap is the only asset or liability measured at fair value on a recurring basis and there were no non-recurring asset and liability fair value measurements as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively):
|  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |
December 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest Rate Cap (1) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,213 |  |  | $ | — |
Mortgage loans (2) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (292,368,370 | ) |  | $ | — |
March 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest Rate Cap (1) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 17,942 |  |  | $ | — |
Mortgage loans (2) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (352,396,367 | ) |  | $ | — |
Unsecured notes (3) |  | $ | (26,000,000 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
(1) | Interest rate cap, which caps a 1-month LIBOR rate at 2.5%.
(2) | Mortgage loans are reflected at outstanding principal balance, net of deferred financing costs on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
(3) | Unsecured notes are recorded at outstanding principal balance, net of deferred financing costs on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2018.
Noncontrolling Interest in Operating Partnership – Certain hotel properties were acquired, in part, by the Operating Partnership through the issuance of limited partnership units of the Operating Partnership. The noncontrolling interest in the Operating Partnership is: (i) increased or decreased by the limited partners’ pro-rata share of the Operating Partnership’s net income or net loss, respectively; (ii) decreased by distributions; (iii) decreased by redemption of partnership units for the Company’s common stock; and (iv) adjusted to equal the net equity of the Operating Partnership multiplied by the limited partners’ ownership percentage immediately after each issuance of units of the Operating Partnership and/or the Company’s common stock through an adjustment to additional paid-in capital. Net income or net loss is allocated to the noncontrolling interest in the Operating Partnership based on the weighted average percentage ownership throughout the period. Revenue Recognition – Revenues from operations of the hotels and condominium hotel are recognized when the services are provided. Revenues consist of room sales, food and beverage sales, and other hotel department revenues, such as; telephone, parking, gift shop sales, rentals from restaurant tenants, rooftop leases, fees earned on the management of the condominium rental program at the Hyde Resort & Residences and insurance proceeds of business interruption coverage. Revenues are reported net of occupancy and other taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities. Refer to “New Accounting Pronouncements - ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606),” below for further discussion of revenue recognition. Lease Revenue – Several of our properties generate revenue from leasing commercial space adjacent to the hotel, the restaurant space within the hotel, apartment units and space on the roofs of our hotels for antennas and satellite dishes. We account for the lease income as revenue from other operating departments within the statement of operations pursuant to the terms of each lease. Lease revenue was approximately $0.5 million, for each of the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017. A schedule of minimum future lease payments receivable for the remaining nine and twelve-month lease periods is as follows:
For the remaining nine months ending: December 31, 2018 |  | $ | 1,040,432 |
December 31, 2019 |  |  | 997,511 |
December 31, 2020 |  |  | 991,550 |
December 31, 2021 |  |  | 928,223 |
December 31, 2022 |  |  | 810,364 |
December 31, 2023 and thereafter |  |  | 4,266,894 |
Total |  | $ | 9,034,974 |
Variable Interest Entities – The Operating Partnership is a variable interest entity. The Company’s only significant asset is its investment in the Operating Partnership, and consequently, substantially all of the Company’s assets and liabilities represent those assets and liabilities of the Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries. All of the Company’s debt is an obligation of the Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries. Income Taxes – The Company has elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. As a REIT, the Company generally will not be subject to federal income tax. MHI TRS, our wholly owned taxable REIT subsidiary which leases our hotels from subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership, is subject to federal and state income taxes. We account for income taxes using the asset and liability method under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, deferred tax assets totaled approximately $5.2 million and $5.5 million, respectively, of which approximately $4.6 million and $4.9 million relate to net operating losses of our TRS Lessee. A valuation allowance is required for deferred tax assets if, based on all available evidence, it is “more-likely-than-not” that all or a portion of the deferred tax asset will or will not be realized due to the inability to generate sufficient taxable income in certain financial statement periods. The “more-likely-than-not” analysis means the likelihood of realization is greater than 50%, that we will or will not be able to fully utilize the deferred tax assets against future taxable income. The net amount of deferred tax assets that are recorded on the financial statements must reflect the tax benefits that are expected to be realized using these criteria. We perform this analysis by evaluating future hotel revenues and expenses accounting for certain non-recurring costs and expenses during the current and prior two fiscal years as well as anticipated changes in the lease rental payments from the TRS Lessee to subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership. We have determined that it is more-likely-than-not that we will be able to fully utilize our deferred tax assets for future tax consequences, therefore no valuation allowance is required. As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, we had no uncertain tax positions. Our policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. As of March 31, 2018, the tax years that remain subject to examination by the major tax jurisdictions to which the Company is subject generally include 2010 through 2017. In addition, as of March 31, 2018, the tax years that remain subject to examination by the major tax jurisdictions to which MHI TRS is subject include the years 2009 and 2014 through 2016. The Operating Partnership is generally not subject to federal and state income taxes as the unit holders of the Partnership are subject to tax on their respective shares of the Partnership’s taxable income. Stock-based Compensation – The Company’s 2004 Long Term Incentive Plan (the “2004 Plan”) and its 2013 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “2013 Plan”), which the Company’s stockholders approved in April 2013, permit the grant of stock options, restricted stock, unrestricted stock and performance share compensation awards to its employees for up to 350,000 and 750,000 shares of common stock, respectively. The Company believes that such awards better align the interests of its employees with those of its stockholders. Under the 2004 Plan, the Company made stock awards totaling 337,438 shares, including 255,938 shares issued to certain executives and employees and 81,500 restricted shares issued to its independent directors. All of the 255,938 shares issued to certain of our executives and employees have vested. All of the 81,500 restricted shares issued to the Company’s independent directors have vested. The 2004 Plan was terminated in 2013. Under the 2013 Plan, the Company has made stock awards totaling 163,350 shares, including 77,600 non-restricted shares to certain executives and employees and 85,750 restricted shares issued to its independent directors. All awards have vested except for 25,000 shares issued to one employee, which will vest over 5 years and 15,000 shares issued to the Company’s independent directors in February 2018, which will vest by December 31, 2018. Previously, under the 2004 Plan, and currently, under the 2013 Plan, the Company may issue a variety of performance-based stock awards, including nonqualified stock options. The value of the awards is charged to compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting or service period based on the value of the award as determined by the Company’s stock price on the date of grant or issuance. As of March 31, 2018, no performance-based stock awards have been granted. Total compensation cost recognized under the 2004 Plan and the 2013 Plan for each of the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 was $8,025 and $4,980, respectively. Additionally, the Company sponsors and maintains an Employee Stock Ownership Plan (“ESOP”) and related trust for the benefit of its eligible employees. We reflect unearned ESOP shares as a reduction of stockholders’ equity. Dividends on unearned ESOP shares, when paid, are considered compensation expense. The Company recognizes compensation expense equal to the fair value of the Company’s ESOP shares during the periods in which they are committed to be released. To the extent that the fair value of the Company’s ESOP shares differs from the cost of such shares, the differential is recognized as additional paid in capital. Because the ESOP is internally leveraged through a loan from the Company to the ESOP, the loan receivable by the Company from the ESOP is not reported as an asset nor is the debt of the ESOP shown as a liability in the consolidated financial statements. On February 15, 2017, the NCGC Committee approved the suspension of the Company’s Long Term Stock Bonus Program (the “LTSBP”), a stock-based compensation program approved by the board on April 16, 2013 and implemented in conjunction with and aligned with the duration of the Company’s 2013 Plan. Advertising – Advertising costs were $98,313 and $65,010 for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Involuntary Conversion of Assets – We record gains or losses on involuntary conversions of assets due to recovered insurance proceeds to the extent the undepreciated cost of a nonmonetary asset differs from the amount of monetary proceeds received. During the three-month periods ending March 31, 2018 and 2017, we recognized approximately $0.9 and $1.0 million gain on involuntary conversion of assets, respectively, which is reflected in the consolidated statements of operations. Comprehensive Income – Comprehensive income as defined, includes all changes in equity during a period from non-owner sources. We do not have any items of comprehensive income other than net income. Segment Information – We have determined that our business is conducted in one reportable segment: hotel ownership. Reclassifications - Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior period’s financial statements to conform to the current year presentation. We have adopted ASU 2016-18 Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash, whereby the restricted cash balances are reflected in the total Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash for both current and prior year presentation. Use of Estimates – The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. New Accounting Pronouncements – In August 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities, which improves the financial reporting of hedging relationships to better portray the economic results of an entity’s risk management activities in its financial statements and simplifies the application of hedge accounting. This standard will be effective for the first annual period beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those periods. Early adoption is permitted. We adopted this standard on January 1, 2018 and aside from minor presentation changes in our disclosure on derivative and hedging activities it did not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements. In February 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-05, Other Income-Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (Subtopic 610-20). The FASB issued this update to clarify the scope of Subtopic 610-20, Other Income—Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets, and to add guidance for partial sales of nonfinancial assets. Subtopic 610-20, which was issued in May 2014 as a part of Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), provides guidance for recognizing gains and losses from the transfer of nonfinancial assets in contracts with noncustomers. The amendments in this update also simplify GAAP by eliminating several accounting differences between transactions involving assets and transactions involving businesses in many transactions related to: a partial sale of real estate; a transfer of a nonfinancial asset within the scope of FASB ASC Topic 845, Nonmonetary Transactions; a contribution of a nonfinancial asset to form a joint venture; and a transfer of a nonfinancial asset to an equity method investee. The amendments in this ASU are effective for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. We adopted this ASU as of January 1, 2018. This ASU did not have a material impact on our current consolidated balance sheets, statements of operations or cash flows, however this ASU may have a significant impact on future transactions. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, Business Combinations – Clarifying the Definition of a Business (Topic 805). This ASU clarifies the definition of a business and adds further guidance in evaluating whether a transaction should be accounted for as an acquisition of an asset or a business. This standard will be effective for the first annual period beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those periods. We adopted this standard on January 1, 2018 and the majority of future hotel acquisitions are considered asset purchases instead of business combinations. The effects are primarily related to the treatment of acquisition costs, which in the case of asset purchases, are capitalized on the consolidated balance sheets, and in the case of business combinations are typically expensed into the consolidated statements of operations. In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash. This ASU addresses the diversity within entities that have restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents and are required to present a statement of cash flows under Topic 230. The amendments in this ASU are effective for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. We adopted this standard on January 1, 2018 and aside from minor presentation changes in its disclosure on restricted cash, it did not have a material effect on our consolidated balance sheets, statements of operations or cash flows. In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. Current GAAP either is unclear or does not include specific guidance on the eight cash flow classification issues included in the amendments in this update. The amendments are an improvement to GAAP because they provide guidance for each of the eight issues, thereby reducing the current and potential future diversity in practice. The amendments in this ASU are effective for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. We adopted this ASU as of January 1, 2018. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on our current consolidated balance sheets, statements of operations or cash flows. In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-12, Revenue from Contracts with Customers – Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients (Topic 606). The amendments in this ASU provide clarification to certain core recognition principles related to ASU No. 2014-09 including collectability, sales tax presentation, noncash consideration, contract modifications and completed contracts at transition and disclosures no longer required if the full retrospective transition method is adopted. The amendments do not change the core principle of the guidance. We adopted this ASU as of January 1, 2018. We evaluated all of our revenue related to contracts with customers and determined how to transition these requirements into our consolidated financial statements. Refer to “New Accounting Pronouncements - ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606),” below for further discussion of revenue recognition. In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers – Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing (Topic 606). This update clarifies guidance related to identifying performance obligations and licensing implementation contained in ASU No. 2014-09. The amendments do not change the core principle of the guidance. We have analyzed all of our revenue related to contracts with customers and have determined how to transition these requirements into our consolidated financial statements. We adopted this ASU as of January 1, 2018. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on our consolidated balance sheets, statements of operations or cash flows. Refer to “New Accounting Pronouncements - ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606),” below for further discussion of revenue recognition. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The FASB issued this ASU to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases under current GAAP and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. The amendments in this ASU are effective for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2018. Early application of this ASU is permitted for all entities. We are creating an inventory of our leases and are analyzing our current ground lease, office lease, other right-of-use assets and lease liabilities. The standard requires a modified retrospective approach for leases that exist or are entered into after the beginning of the earliest comparative period in the financial statements. We will adopt this ASU as of January 1, 2019. In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. ASU No. 2014-09 will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in GAAP when it becomes effective. The new standard is effective for us on January 1, 2018. The standard permits the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. By working in conjunction with our hotel operators, we completed our evaluation of the effect that ASU No. 2014-09 will have on our consolidated financial statements and our evaluation of each of our revenue streams under the new standard. Because of the short-term, day-to-day nature of our hotel revenues, we determined that the pattern of revenue recognition will not change significantly. Under ASU No. 2014-09, there will be a recharacterization of certain revenue streams affecting both gross and net revenue reporting due to changes in principal versus agent guidance, which presentation is deemed immaterial for us and will not affect net income. Additionally, we do not sell hotel properties to customers as defined by FASB, but have historically disposed of hotel properties for cash sales with no contingencies and no future involvement in the hotel operations, and therefore, ASU No. 2014-09 will not impact the recognition of hotel sales. We finalized our expanded disclosure for the notes to the consolidated financial statements pursuant to the new requirements. We adopted this standard on our effective date of January 1, 2018 under the cumulative effect transition method. No adjustment was recorded to our opening balance of retained earnings on January 1, 2018 as there was no impact to net income for us. Additionally, comparative information beginning in 2018 will not be restated and will continue to be reported under Revenue Recognition (Topic 605). We also expect that the effect of ASU No. 2014-09 will be immaterial on an on-going basis.

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