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INCOME TAXES
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2014
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Tax Disclosure
INCOME TAXES
We file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, various U.S. state jurisdictions and various foreign jurisdictions. We have statutes of limitation open for federal income tax returns related to tax years 2010 through 2013. We have state income tax returns subject to examination primarily for tax years 2010 through 2013. Open tax years related to foreign jurisdictions, primarily the United Kingdom, remain subject to examination for tax years 2010 through 2013.
Income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2014 was $0.5 million. Income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2013 was $0.1 million. Our effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2014 was 13.76%, which is primarily the result of valuation allowances against the net operating losses for the U.S., which results in us not recording net deferred tax assets in the U.S.
Our goodwill is an indefinite-lived asset which is not amortized for financial reporting purposes. However, goodwill is tax deductible and therefore amortized for tax purposes. As such, deferred income tax expense and a deferred tax liability arise as a result of the tax-deductibility of the goodwill. The resulting deferred tax liability, which is expected to increase over time, will have an indefinite life, resulting in what is referred to as a “naked tax credit.” This deferred tax liability could remain on our balance sheet indefinitely unless there is an impairment of the goodwill (for financial reporting purposes), or there is a disposal of the business to which the goodwill relates. During the three months ended March 31, 2014, the amount of income tax expense related to the tax amortization of goodwill was $0.5 million. Of this amount, $0.4 million related to prior periods.
During each of the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, there were no material changes to the liability for uncertain tax positions.