12. FAIR VALUE

FASB guidance on fair value measurements, which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements for our financial assets and liabilities, as well as for other assets and liabilities that are carried at fair value on a recurring basis in our consolidated financial statements.

FASB guidance establishes a three-level fair value hierarchy based upon the assumptions (inputs) used to price assets or liabilities. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows:

Level 1—Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

Level 2—Observable inputs other than those included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in inactive markets; and

Level 3—Unobservable inputs reflecting our own assumptions and best estimate of what inputs market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.

Common Stock Warrant Liabilities.

Certain of our issued and outstanding warrants to purchase shares of common stock do not qualify to be treated as equity and, accordingly, are recorded as a liability.

2016 Warrant Liability

The Company assumed the 2016 Warrant Liability in the Merger and it represents the fair value of Transgenomic warrants issued in January 2016, of which, 25,584 warrants remain outstanding as of December 31, 2017. We are required to record these instruments at fair value at each reporting date and changes are recorded as a non-cash adjustment to earnings. The gains or losses included in earnings are reported in other income (expense) in our consolidated Statement of Operations.

The 2016 Warrant Liability is considered a Level 3 financial instrument and was valued using the Monte Carlo methodology. Assumptions and inputs used in the valuation of the common stock warrants include: remaining life to maturity of three years; annual volatility of 136%; and a risk-free interest rate of 1.98%.

During the year ended December 31, 2017, the change in the fair value of the liability measured using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) were comprised of the following:


Dollars in Thousands
	For the Year Ended
	December 31, 2017
Beginning balance at January 1	$	—
Additions - liability assumed in the Merger	615
Total (gains) or losses:
Recognized in earnings	226
Balance at December 31	$	841