9. FAIR VALUE

FASB guidance on fair value measurements, which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements for our financial assets and liabilities, as well as for other assets and liabilities that are carried at fair value on a recurring basis in our condensed consolidated financial statements.

FASB guidance establishes a three-level fair value hierarchy based upon the assumptions (inputs) used to price assets or liabilities. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows:

Level 1—Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

Level 2—Observable inputs other than those included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in inactive markets; and

Level 3—Unobservable inputs reflecting our own assumptions and best estimate of what inputs market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.

Common Stock Warrant Liabilities.

Certain of our issued and outstanding warrants to purchase shares of common stock do not qualify to be treated as equity and, accordingly, are recorded as a liability. We are required to record these instruments at fair value at each reporting date and changes are recorded as a non-cash adjustment to earnings. The gains or losses included in earnings are reported in other income (expense) in our condensed consolidated statement of operations.

2016 Warrant Liability

The Company assumed the 2016 Warrant Liability in the Merger and it represents the fair value of warrants issued in January 2016, of which, 357 warrants remain outstanding as of March 31, 2019.

In March 2018, a portion of the 2016 Warrant Liability was part of a settlement agreement pursuant to a lawsuit that was filed against the Company by one of the warrant holders. As such, approximately $0.4 million of the warrant liability, representing 1,347 warrants, was canceled on the date of the settlement agreement and replaced by and amounts now recorded as other current liabilities or other long-term liabilities. For further detail, see discussion of the Crede Agreement in Note 5 – Accrued Expenses And Other Current Liabilities.

The 2016 Warrant Liability is considered a Level 3 financial instrument and was valued using the Monte Carlo methodology. As of March 31, 2019, assumptions and inputs used in the valuation of the 2016 Warrant Liability include: remaining life to maturity of 1.75 years; annual volatility of 142%; and a risk-free interest rate of 2.27%. As of December 31, 2018, assumptions and inputs used in the valuation of the 2016 Warrant Liability include: remaining life to maturity of two years; annual volatility of 176%; and a risk-free interest rate of 2.48%.

2018 Warrant Liabilities

During 2018, the Company issued 243,223 of April 2018 Warrants, 15,466 of Advisor Warrants, 196,337 of Q3 2018 Warrants and 300,114 of Q4 2018 Warrants. All of these warrants issuances were classified as warrant liabilities (the “2018 Warrant Liabilities”). See Note 4 - Convertible Notes for further discussion of each warrant.

The 2018 Warrant Liabilities are considered Level 3 financial instruments and were valued using the Black Scholes model. As of March 31, 2019, assumptions used in the valuation of the 2018 Warrant Liabilities include: remaining life to maturity of 0.05 to 4.76 years; annual volatility of 97% to 163%; and risk free rate of 2.21% to 2.44%.

During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the change in the fair value of the warrant liabilities measured using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) were comprised of the following:


Dollars in Thousands
	Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
	2016 Warrant		2018 Warrant		Total Warrant
	Liability		Liabilities		Liabilities
Beginning balance at January 1	$	116	$	1,016	$	1,132
Total gain:
Revaluation recognized in earnings		(23)		(217)		(240)
Balance at March 31	$	93	$	799	$	892

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
	2016 Warrant		2018 Warrant		Total Warrant
	Liability		Liabilities		Liabilities
Beginning balance at January 1	$	841	$	–	$	841
Total gain:
Revaluation recognized in earnings		(261)		–		(261)
Deductions – warrant liability settlement		(456)		–		(456)
Balance at March 31	$	124	$	–	$	124

Derivative Liabilities.

Certain of our issued and outstanding convertible notes contain features that are considered derivative instruments and are required to bifurcated from the debt host and accounted for separately as derivative liabilities. The estimated fair value of the derivatives will be remeasured at each reporting date and any change in estimated fair value of the derivatives will be recorded as non-cash adjustments to earnings. The gains or losses included in earnings are reported in other income (expense) in our condensed consolidated statement of operations.

Bridge Notes Redemption Feature

At the time of the Bridge Note issuances, the Company recorded derivative instruments as liabilities with an initial fair value of approximately $0.3 million. The valuations were performed using the “with and without” approach, whereby the Bridge Notes were valued both with the embedded derivative and without, and the difference in values was recorded as the derivative liability. See Note 4 - Convertible Notes for further discussion.

Conversion Option

The Company recorded derivative liabilities related to the Conversion Option of the Exchange Notes issued during 2018 with an initial fair value of approximately $0.4 million. The valuations were performed using the Monte Carlo methodology. See Note 4 - Convertible Notes for further discussion.

During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the change in the fair value of the derivative liabilities measured using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) was comprised of the following:


(Dollars in thousands)	Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
	Bridge Notes
	Redemption		Conversion		Total Derivative
	Feature		Option		Liabilities
Beginning balance at January 1	$	30	$	32	$	62
Deductions:		—		(39)		(39)
Total (gain) loss:
Revaluation recognized in earnings		(30)		7		(23)
Balance at March 31	$	—	$	—	$	—

There were no derivative liabilities in the first quarter of 2018.