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STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2019
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract] |
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY | 11. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY Common Stock Pursuant to our Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, we currently have 150,000,000 shares of common stock authorized for issuance. On December 20, 2018, the Company’s shareholders approved the proposal to authorize the Company’s Board of Directors to, in its discretion, to amend the Company’s Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation to increase the total number of authorized shares of common stock from 150,000,000 shares to 250,000,000 shares. The Company has not yet affected this increase. On February 12, 2018, the Company issued 120,983 shares of its common stock in exchange for approximately $1.9 million of debt obligations. See Note 6 – Convertible Notes. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company issued 208,000 shares of its common stock in connection with conversions of its Series B Preferred Stock and 223,022 shares of its common stock in connection with conversions of its Series C Preferred Stock. Aside from 4,000 shares of common stock issued in connection with conversions of its Series C Preferred Stock, all of the shares of common stock issued for the year ended December 31, 2018 in connection with conversions of its Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock (together the “Preferred Stock”) were issued after the Company induced the holders of its Preferred Stock to convert their shares of Preferred Stock to shares of the company’s common stock (see below - Preferred Stock induced conversions). During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company issued 310,200 and 252,486 shares of its common stock, respectively, in connection with the exercise of 310,200 and 252,486 warrants, respectively. The warrant exercises resulted in net cash proceeds to the Company of approximately $1.6 million and $1.3 million during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Also during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company issued 2,511,173 and 384,896 shares of its common stock, respectively, in connection with the conversion of convertible notes, plus interest, totaling $7.6 million and $2.4 million, respectively. See Note 6 – Convertible Notes. 2018 Purchase Agreement On February 8, 2018 the Company entered into an equity purchase agreement (the “2018 Purchase Agreement”) with Leviston for the purchase of up to $8,000,000 (the “Aggregate Amount”) of shares (the “Shares”) of the Company’s common stock from time to time, at the Company’s option. Shares offered and sold prior to February 13, 2018 were issued pursuant to the Company’s shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (and the related prospectus) that the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and which was declared effective by the SEC on February 13, 2015 (the “Shelf Registration Statement”). Leviston purchased 48,076 shares (the “Investor Shares”) of the Company’s common stock following the close of business on February 9, 2018, subject to customary closing conditions, at a price per share of $15.60 for approximately $750,000. The shares were sold pursuant to the Shelf Registration Statement. The Company incurred approximately $132,000 in costs which have been treated as issuance costs within additional paid-in capital in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. As required by the terms of the 2018 Purchase Agreement, the Company timely filed an S-1 on April 16, 2018. The S-1 Registration Statement was not declared effective by the SEC and on August 10, 2018 the Company filed a withdrawal request with the SEC. No securities had been issued or sold under this Registration Statement. The Company determined not to proceed with the offering as the Company sought to re-negotiate the terms of the equity purchase agreement in order to comply with the requirements of the SEC pursuant to a letter from the SEC dated August 7, 2018. In consideration of Leviston’s agreement to enter into the 2018 Purchase Agreement, the Company agreed to pay to Leviston a commitment fee in shares of the Company’s common stock equal in value to 5.25% of the total Aggregate Amount (the “Leviston Commitment Shares”), payable in three installments upon achieving certain milestones. The first installment of 1.75% was due on or before February 12, 2018 and this amount, of $140,000, was paid to Leviston through the issuance of 11,381 shares of the Company’s common stock on February 12, 2018. In accordance with the terms of the 2018 Purchase Agreement, the Company provided Leviston with a price protection provision, if the Company issues any warrants in connection with issuances, sales or an agreement in writing to issue common stock or common stock equivalents of the Company, Leviston will have the right to receive a proportionate amount of such warrants, cash or shares, at Leviston’s sole election, valued using the Black Scholes formula. As a result of 2018 Note Agreement and the April 2018 Warrants issued, the Company was required to provide Leviston with a proportionate and equivalent coverage in the form of warrants, stock or cash in the amount of approximately $460,000. As Leviston has the ability to elect the form of compensation, the Company has recorded the $460,000 as a liability as of December 31, 2018, within the other current liabilities line of the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. As of December 31, 2018, the Company had a total of $0.7 million in accruals (see Note 7 – Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities) for potential obligations to Leviston, but had not issued any additional shares or made any payments to Leviston. On January 29, 2019, the Company entered into the Leviston Settlement pursuant to which the Company issued to Leviston the Note in full satisfaction of all obligations owed to Leviston. See Note 6 – Convertible Notes for further details of the Leviston Note. LP Purchase Agreement On September 7, 2018, the Company entered the LP Purchase Agreement, pursuant to which Lincoln Park has agreed to purchase from the Company up to an aggregate of $10,000,000 of common stock of the Company (subject to certain limitations) from time to time over the term of the LP Purchase Agreement. Pursuant to the terms of the LP Purchase Agreement, on the agreement date, the Company issued 40,000 shares of its common stock to Lincoln Park as consideration for its commitment to purchase shares of common stock of the Company under the LP Purchase Agreement (the “LP Commitment Shares”). Also on September 7, 2018, the Company entered into a registration rights agreement with Lincoln Park (the “LP Registration Rights Agreement”), pursuant to which on September 14, 2018, the Company filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-1 to register for resale under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, 466,667 shares of common stock, which includes the LP Commitment Shares, that have been or may be issued to Lincoln Park under the LP Purchase Agreement. The Form S-1 was declared effective by the SEC on September 28, 2018. As of January 16, 2019, all shares registered under this S-1 had been sold and/or issued to Lincoln Park. On February 1, 2019, the Company filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-1 to register for resale under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, an additional 1,000,000 shares of common stock that have been or may be issued to Lincoln Park under the LP Purchase Agreement. The Form S-1 was declared effective by the SEC on February 12, 2019. As of August 5, 2019, all shares registered under this S-1 had been sold and/or issued to Lincoln Park. On August 9, 2019, the Company filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-1 to register for resale under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, an additional 1,800,000 shares of common stock that have been or may be issued to Lincoln Park under the LP Purchase Agreement. As of December 31, 2019, 1,680,000 shares registered under this S-1 had been sold and/or issued to Lincoln Park and 120,000 were sold and/or issued to Lincoln Park in January 2020. On January 14, 2020, the Company filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-1 to register for resale under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, an additional 920,654 shares of common stock that have been or may be issued to Lincoln Park under the LP Purchase Agreement. From January 1, 2020 through the date the consolidated financial statements were issued, 780,012 shares registered under this S-1 had been sold and/or issued to Lincoln Park. Under the LP Purchase Agreement, the Company may, from time to time and at its sole discretion, on any single business day on which the closing price of its common stock is not less than the Floor Price, defined as the lower of (i) $1.50 per share (subject to adjustment for any reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash dividend, stock split, reverse stock split or other similar transaction as provided in the LP Purchase Agreement) and (ii) $0.10 per share, direct Lincoln Park to purchase shares of its common stock in amounts up to 30,000 shares, which amounts may be increased to up to 36,666 shares depending on the market price of its common stock at the time of sale and subject to a maximum commitment by Lincoln Park of $1,000,000 per single purchase, which the Company refers to as “regular purchases”, plus other “accelerated amounts” and/or “additional accelerated amounts” under certain circumstances. The Company will control the timing and amount of any sales of its common stock to Lincoln Park. The purchase price of the shares that may be sold to Lincoln Park in regular purchases under the LP Purchase Agreement will be based on the market price of the common stock of the Company preceding the time of sale as computed under the LP Purchase Agreement. The purchase price per share will be equitably adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash dividend, stock split, or other similar transaction occurring during the business days used to compute such price. The Company may at any time in its sole discretion terminate the LP Purchase Agreement without fee, penalty or cost upon one business day notice. There are no restrictions on future financings, rights of first refusal, participation rights, penalties or liquidated damages in the LP Purchase Agreement or LP Registration Rights Agreement, other than a prohibition on the Company entering into certain types of transactions that are defined in the LP Purchase Agreement as “Variable Rate Transactions”. Lincoln Park may not assign or transfer its rights and obligations under the Purchase Agreement. Under applicable rules of The Nasdaq Capital Market, in no event may the Company issue or sell to Lincoln Park under the LP Purchase Agreement more than 19.99% of the shares of its common stock outstanding immediately prior to the execution of the LP Purchase Agreement (which is 308,590 shares based on 1,543,724 shares outstanding immediately prior to the execution of the LP Purchase Agreement), which limitation the Company refers to as the Exchange Cap, unless (i) the Company obtains stockholder approval to issue shares of common stock in excess of the Exchange Cap or (ii) the average price of all applicable sales of the Company’s common stock to Lincoln Park under the LP Purchase Agreement equals or exceeds $7.05 (which represents the closing consolidated bid price of the Company’s common stock on September 7, 2018, plus an incremental amount to account for the issuance of the LP Commitment Shares to Lincoln Park), such that issuances and sales of the Company’s common stock to Lincoln Park under the LP Purchase Agreement would be exempt from the Exchange Cap limitation under applicable NASDAQ rules. In any event, the LP Purchase Agreement specifically provides that the Company may not issue or sell any shares of its common stock under the LP Purchase Agreement if such issuance or sale would breach any applicable NASDAQ rules. The Company received shareholder approval on December 20, 2018. The LP Purchase Agreement also prohibits the Company from directing Lincoln Park to purchase any shares of common stock if those shares, when aggregated with all other shares of the Company’s common stock then beneficially owned by Lincoln Park and its affiliates, would result in Lincoln Park and its affiliates having beneficial ownership, at any single point in time, of more than 4.99% of the then total outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock, as calculated pursuant to Section 13(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, and Rule 13d-3 thereunder, which limitation the Company refers to as the Beneficial Ownership Cap as defined in the LP Agreement. As of the date the consolidated financial statements were issued, we have already received $9.3 million in aggregate, including approximately $1.4 million from the sale of 328,590 shares of common stock to Lincoln Park during 2018, $6.6 million from the sale of 2,778,077 shares of common stock to Lincoln Park during 2019, and $1.3 million from the sale of 900,012 shares of common stock to Lincoln Park from January 1, 2020 through the date the consolidated financial statements were issued. Preferred Stock The Company’s Board of Directors is authorized to issue up to 15,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more series, from time to time, with such designations, powers, preferences and rights and such qualifications, limitations and restrictions as may be provided in a resolution or resolutions adopted by the Board of Directors. The authority of the Board of Directors includes, but is not limited to, the determination or fixing of the following with respect to shares of such class or any series thereof: (i) the number of shares; (ii) the dividend rate, whether dividends shall be cumulative and, if so, from which date; (iii) whether shares are to be redeemable and, if so, the terms and amount of any sinking fund providing for the purchase or redemption of such shares; (iv) whether shares shall be convertible and, if so, the terms and provisions thereof; (v) what restrictions are to apply, if any, on the issue or reissue of any additional preferred stock; and (vi) whether shares have voting rights. The preferred stock may be issued with a preference over the common stock as to the payment of dividends. We have no current plans to issue any additional preferred stock. Classes of stock such as the preferred stock may be used, in certain circumstances, to create voting impediments on extraordinary corporate transactions or to frustrate persons seeking to effect a merger or otherwise to gain control of the Company. For the foregoing reasons, any additional preferred stock issued by the Company could have an adverse effect on the rights of the holders of the common stock. Series B Preferred Stock The Company filed a Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock (“Series B Preferred Stock”) with the State of Delaware which designates 6,900 shares of our preferred stock as Series B Preferred Stock. The Series B Preferred Stock has a stated value of $1,000 per share and a par value of $0.01 per share. The Series B Preferred Stock includes a beneficial ownership blocker but has no dividend rights (except to the extent dividends are also paid on the common stock). On August 28, 2017, the Company completed an underwritten public offering (the “August 2017 Offering”) consisting of the Company’s Series B Preferred Stock and warrants. The conversion price of the Series B Preferred Stock contains a down round feature. The Company will recognize the effect of the down round feature when it is triggered. At that time, the effect would be treated as a deemed dividend and as a reduction of income available to common shareholders in our basic earnings per share calculation. The 2018 Purchase Agreement triggered the down round feature of the Series B Preferred Stock and, as a result, the conversion price of the Company’s Series B Convertible Preferred Stock was automatically adjusted to $15.60 per share. In connection with the down round adjustment, the Company calculated an incremental beneficial conversion feature of approximately $1.4 million which was recognized as a deemed dividend at time of the down round adjustment (“Deemed Dividend A”). The 2018 Inducement Agreement, discussed below, triggered the down round feature of the Series B Preferred Stock and, as a result, the conversion price of the Company’s Series B Convertible Preferred Stock was automatically adjusted from $15.60 per share to $11.25 per share. In connection with the down round adjustment, the Company calculated an incremental beneficial conversion feature of approximately $40,000 which was recognized as a deemed dividend at time of the down round adjustment (“Deemed Dividend B”). The 2018 Note Agreement, see Note 6 – Convertible Notes, triggered the down round feature of the Series B Preferred Stock and, as a result, the conversion price of the Company’s Series B Convertible Preferred Stock was automatically adjusted from $11.25 per share to $4.50 per share. In connection with the down round adjustment, the Company calculated an incremental beneficial conversion feature of approximately $0.2 million which was recognized as a deemed dividend at time of the down round adjustment (“Deemed Dividend C”). On November 29, 2018, the Amendment Agreement triggered the down round feature of the Series B Preferred Stock and, as a result, the conversion price of the Company’s Series B Convertible Preferred Stock was automatically adjusted from $4.50 per share to $2.25 per share. In connection with the down round adjustment, the Company calculated an incremental beneficial conversion feature of approximately $0.3 million which was recognized as a deemed dividend at time of the down round adjustment (“Deemed Dividend D”). During the year ended December 31, 2018, 2,340 shares of Series B Preferred Stock, that were outstanding, were converted into 208,000 shares of our common stock. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had 6,900 shares of Series B designated and issued and 47 shares of Series B outstanding. Series C Preferred Stock The Company filed a Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock (“Series C Preferred Stock”) with the State of Delaware which designates 2,748 shares of our preferred stock as Series C Preferred Stock. The Series C Preferred Stock has a stated value of $1,000 per share and a par value of $0.01 per share. On November 2, 2017, the Company completed a registered direct offering consisting of the Company’s Series C Preferred Stock and warrants (the “Series C Preferred Offering”). The conversion price of the Series C Preferred Stock contains a down round feature. The 2018 Purchase Agreement triggered the down round feature of the Series C Preferred Stock and, as a result, the conversion price of the Company’s Series C Convertible Preferred Stock was automatically adjusted from $21.00 per share to $15.60 per share. In connection with the down round adjustment, the Company calculated an incremental beneficial conversion feature of approximately $0.8 million which was recognized as a deemed dividend at time of the down round adjustment (“Deemed Dividend E”). There were no further adjustments to the conversion price of the Series C Preferred stock because all of the Series C Preferred Stock was converted in 2018. During the year ended December 31, 2018, 2,548 shares of Series C Preferred Stock were converted into 223,022 shares of our common stock. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had 2,748 shares of Series C designated and issued and zero shares of Series C outstanding. Liquidation Preferences The following is the liquidation preferences for the Company’s preferred stock; The Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock have identical terms regarding liquidation preferences. Upon any liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Corporation, whether voluntary or involuntary, the holders shall be entitled to receive out of the assets of the Corporation an amount equal to the par value, plus any accrued and unpaid dividends thereon, for each share of Preferred Stock before any distribution or payment shall be made to the holders of the Common Stock, and if the assets of the Corporation shall be insufficient to pay in full such amounts, then the entire assets to be distributed to the holders shall be ratably distributed among the holders in accordance with the respective amounts that would be payable on such shares. If all amounts were paid in full; and thereafter, the holders shall be entitled to receive out of the assets, whether capital or surplus, of the Corporation the same amount that a holder of Common Stock would receive if the Preferred Stock were fully converted to Common Stock which amount shall be paid pari passu with all holders of Common Stock. Preferred Stock induced conversions On March 21, 2018, the Company entered into a letter agreement (the “2018 Inducement Agreement”) with certain holders of shares of the Company’s Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock (together the “Preferred Stock”), and warrants (the “Warrants”) to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock, issued in the Company’s public offering in August 2017 and registered direct offering in November 2017. Pursuant to the 2018 Inducement Agreement, the Company and the Investors agreed that, as a result of the issuance of shares of common stock pursuant to that Purchase Agreement, dated February 8, 2018, by and between the Company and the investor named therein, and effective as of the time of execution of the 2018 Inducement Agreement, the exercise price of the Warrants was reduced to $11.25 per share (the “Exercise Price Reduction”) and the conversion price of the Preferred Stock was reduced to $11.25 (the “Conversion Price Reduction”). As consideration for the Company’s agreement to the Exercise Price Reduction and the Conversion Price Reduction, (i) each investor agreed to convert the shares of Preferred Stock held by such investor into shares of Common Stock in increments of up to 4.99% of the shares of common stock outstanding as of the date of the 2018 Inducement Agreement and (ii) one investor agreed to exercise 44,444 Warrants and another investor agreed to exercise 33,333 Warrants in increments of up to 4.99% of the shares of common stock outstanding as of the date of the 2018 Inducement Agreement, in each case in accordance with the beneficial ownership limitations set forth in the Company’s Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, the Company’s Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock and the Warrants. As discussed above, as of December 31, 2019, all shares of Preferred Stock, except 47 shares of Series B Preferred Stock, were converted to shares of our common stock pursuant to the terms of the 2018 Inducement Agreement and 20,000 Warrants were exercised at the $11.25 exercise price. The 2018 Inducement Agreement represented an inducement by the Company to convert shares of the Preferred Stock. The conversion price of the Preferred Stock and the exercise price of the Warrants were reduced from $15.60 per share to $11.25 per share, respectively. The Company calculated the fair value of the additional securities and consideration to be approximately $1.2 million (“Deemed Dividend F”). During the year ended December 31, 2018, this amount was recorded as a charge to additional paid-in-capital and as a deemed dividend resulting in a reduction of income available to common shareholders in our basic earnings per share calculation. The $1.2 million is comprised of two components: 1) $1.1 million related to the fair value of the additional common shares issued upon conversion of the Preferred Stock due to the reduced conversion price and 2) $0.1 million in incremental fair value of the Warrants resulting from the reduction of the exercise price. Common Stock Warrants. The following represents a summary of the warrants outstanding as of December 31, 2019:
|  |  |  |  |  | Underlying |  | Exercise
|  | Issue Year |  | Expiration |  | Shares |  | Price
Warrants |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(1) |  | 2014 |  | April 2020 |  | 832 |  | $ | 1,800.00
(2) |  | 2015 |  | February 2020 |  | 1,588 |  | $ | 1,008.00
(3) |  | 2015 |  | December 2020 |  | 272 |  | $ | 747.00
(4) |  | 2016 |  | January 2021 |  | 596 |  | $ | 544.50
(5) |  | 2017 |  | June 2022 |  | 2,540 |  | $ | 41.25
(5) |  | 2017 |  | June 2022 |  | 500 |  | $ | 7.50
(6) |  | 2017 |  | June 2022 |  | 6,095 |  | $ | 105.00
(7) |  | 2017 |  | August 2022 |  | 25,201 |  | $ | 2.25
(8) |  | 2017 |  | August 2022 |  | 4,000 |  | $ | 46.88
(9) |  | 2017 |  | August 2022 |  | 47,995 |  | $ | 150.00
(9) |  | 2017 |  | August 2022 |  | 9,101 |  | $ | 7.50
(10) |  | 2017 |  | August 2022 |  | 16,664 |  | $ | 2.25
(10) |  | 2017 |  | August 2022 |  | 7,335 |  | $ | 2.25
(11) |  | 2017 |  | October 2022 |  | 666 |  | $ | 2.25
(12) |  | 2017 |  | May 2023 |  | — |  | $ | 2.25
(13) |  | 2018 |  | October 2022 |  | 7,207 |  | $ | 112.50
(14) |  | 2018 |  | April 2023 |  | 69,964 |  | $ | 5.40
(14) |  | 2018 |  | April 2023 |  | 121,552 |  | $ | 5.40
(15) |  | 2018 |  | October 2022 |  | 15,466 |  | $ | 11.25
(16) |  | 2018 |  | July 2023 |  | 14,671 |  | $ | 5.40
(16) |  | 2018 |  | July 2023 |  | 14,672 |  | $ | 5.40
(16) |  | 2018 |  | August 2023 |  | 36,334 |  | $ | 5.40
(16) |  | 2018 |  | August 2023 |  | 36,334 |  | $ | 5.40
(16) |  | 2018 |  | September 2023 |  | 19,816 |  | $ | 5.40
(16) |  | 2018 |  | September 2023 |  | 20,903 |  | $ | 5.40
(17) |  | 2018 |  | November 2023 |  | 75,788 |  | $ | 5.40
(17) |  | 2018 |  | December 2023 |  | 51,282 |  | $ | 5.40
(18) |  | 2019 |  | April 2024 |  | 147,472 |  | $ | 5.40
(19) |  | 2019 |  | May 2024 |  | 154,343 |  | $ | 9.56
|  |  |  |  |  | 909,189 |  |  |
| (1) |  | These warrants were issued in connection with a private placement which was completed in October 2014.
| (2) |  | These warrants were issued in connection with an offering which was completed in February 2015.
| (3) |  | These warrants were issued in connection with an offering which was completed in July 2015.
| (4) |  | These warrants were issued in connection with an offering which was completed in January 2016. Of the remaining outstanding warrants as of December 31, 2019, 357 warrants are recorded as liability, See Note 12 – Fair Value for further discussion, and 239 warrants are treated as equity.
| (5) |  | These warrants were issued in connection with a June 2017 merger transaction (the “Merger”) and are the 2017 New Bridge Warrants.
| (6) |  | These warrants were issued in connection with the Merger and are considered the Side Warrants.
| (7) |  | These warrants were issued in connection with an underwritten public offering consisting of the Company’s Series B Preferred Stock and warrants (the “August 2017 Offering”) and are the August 2017 Offering Warrants discussed below.
| (8) |  | These warrants were issued in connection with the August 2017 Offering and are the Representative Warrants discussed below.
| (9) |  | These warrants were issued 2017 and are the Series A Conversion Warrants discussed below.
| (10) |  | These warrants were issued in connection with the conversion of convertible bridge notes, at the time of the closing of the August 2017 Offering, and are the Note Conversion Warrants discussed below.
| (11) |  | These warrants were issued in connection with a waiver of default the Company received in the fourth quarter of 2017 in connection with certain convertible promissory notes and are the Convertible Promissory Note Warrants discussed below.
| (12) |  | These warrants (the “Series C Warrants’) were issued in connection with the Series C Preferred Offering and are discussed below.
| (13) |  | These warrants were issued in connection with the Settlement Agreements and are the Creditor Warrants discussed below.
| (14) |  | These warrants were issued in connection with the 2018 Note Agreement and are the April 2018 Warrants discussed below.
| (15) |  | These warrants were issued in connection with the 2018 Note Agreement and are the Advisor Warrants discussed below.
| (16) |  | These warrants were issued in connection with the 2018 Note Agreement and are the Q3 2018 Warrants discussed below.
| (17) |  | These warrants were issued in connection with the 2018 Note Agreement, and subsequent Amendment Agreement, and are the Q4 2018 Warrants discussed below.
| (18) |  | These warrants were issued in connection with the 2018 Note Agreement and subsequent Amendment No. 2 Agreement and are the April 2019 Warrants discussed below.
| (19) |  | These warrants were issued in connection with the May 2019 Bridge Notes and are the May 2019 Warrants discussed below.
2017 New Bridge Warrants The initial exercise price of the 2017 New Bridge Warrants was $112.50 (subject to adjustments). These warrants had a one-time down round provision. As a result of the August 2017 Offering, the exercise price of the 2017 New Bridge Warrants was adjusted to $41.25 per share, and the down round provision for these warrants no longer exists after this adjustment. At the time of the Amendment Agreement in 2018, the exercise price of 500 of the 2017 New Bridge Warrants was modified so that the exercise price became $7.50 per share. The fair value of this warrant modification was calculated to be less than $1,000 which was recorded as a debt discount in conjunction with the issuance of the Q4 2018 Bridge Notes with an offset to additional paid-in-capital. Side Warrants The Company issued warrants to purchase an aggregate of 6,095 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $105.00 per share (subject to adjustment). The warrants (“Side Warrants”) have a term of 5 years. August 2017 Offering Warrants In connection with the August 2017 Offering, the Company issued 178,667 warrants at an exercise price of $45.00, which contain a down round provision. The August 2017 Offering Warrants were exercisable immediately and expire 5 years from date of issuance. In February 2018, as a result of 2018 Purchase Agreement, the exercise price of the August 2017 Offering Warrants was adjusted to $15.60. At the time the exercise price was adjusted, the Company calculated the fair value of the down round provision on the warrants to be approximately $62,000 and recorded this as a deemed dividend (“Deemed Dividend G”) during 2018. In addition, as a result of the 2018 Inducement Agreement, the exercise price of the August 2017 Offering Warrants was further adjusted to $11.25 as a result of the Exercise Price Reduction discussed above. In April 2018, as a result of the 2018 Note Agreement, the exercise price of the August 2017 Offering Warrants was adjusted to $4.50. At the time the exercise price was adjusted, the Company calculated the fair value of the down round provision on the warrants to be approximately $63,000 and recorded this as a deemed dividend (“Deemed Dividend H”). In November 2018, as a result of the Amendment Agreement, the exercise price of the August 2017 Offering Warrants was adjusted to $2.25. At the time the exercise price was adjusted, the Company calculated the fair value of the down round provision on the warrants to be approximately $5,000 and recorded this as a deemed dividend (“Deemed Dividend I”). There were 6,800 and 146,666 August 2017 Offering Warrants exercised during the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, for proceeds to the Company of approximately $15,000 and $795,000, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the intrinsic value of the August 2017 Offering Warrants exercised was approximately $36,000 and $420,000. Representative Warrants The Representative Warrants are exercisable beginning one year after the date of the prospectus for the August 2017 Offering and expiring on a date which is no more than five years from the date of the prospectus for the August 2017 Offering. Series A Conversion Warrants These warrants were issued in connection with the conversion of our Series A Senior stock, at the time of the closing of the August 2017 Offering, and have a term of 5 years. At the time of the Amendment Agreement in 2018, the exercise price of 9,101 of the Series A Conversion Warrants was modified so that the exercise price became $7.50 per share. The fair value of this warrant modification was calculated to be approximately $10,000 which was recorded as a debt discount in conjunction with the issuance of the Q4 2018 Bridge Notes with an offset to additional paid-in-capital. Note Conversion Warrants Upon the closing of the August 2017 Offering, the Company issued 23,999 warrants to purchase the Company's common stock (the “Note Conversion Warrants”). The Note Conversion Warrants have an exercise price of $45.00 per share, a five year term and contain a down round provision. As a result of the Series C Preferred Offering in 2017, the exercise price of the Note Conversion Warrants was adjusted to $21.00 per share. In February 2018, as a result of 2018 Purchase Agreement, the exercise price of the Note Conversion Warrants was adjusted to $15.60 per share. At the time the exercise price was adjusted, the Company calculated the fair value of the down round provision on the warrants to be approximately $8,000 and recorded this as a deemed dividend (“Deemed Dividend J”). In addition, as a result of the 2018 Inducement Agreement, the exercise price of the Note Conversion Warrants was further adjusted to $11.25. At the time the exercise price was adjusted, the Company calculated the fair value of the down round provision on the warrants to be approximately $5,000 and recorded this as a deemed dividend (“Deemed Dividend K”). In April 2018, as a result of the 2018 Note Agreement, the exercise price of the Note Conversion Warrants was adjusted to $4.50. At the time the exercise price was adjusted, the Company calculated the fair value of the down round provision on the warrants to be approximately $10,000 and recorded this as a deemed dividend (“Deemed Dividend L”). In November 2018, as a result of the Amendment Agreement, the exercise price of the Note Conversion Warrants was adjusted to $2.25. At the time the exercise price was adjusted, the Company calculated the fair value of the down round provision on the warrants to be approximately $4,000 and recorded this as a deemed dividend (“Deemed Dividend M”). Convertible Promissory Note Warrants The Convertible Promissory Note Warrants had an original exercise price of $45.00 per share and contain a down round provision. As a result of the Series C Preferred Offering, the exercise price of the Convertible Promissory Note Warrants was adjusted to $21.00 per share. In February 2018, as a result of 2018 Purchase Agreement, the exercise price of the Convertible Promissory Note Warrants was adjusted to $15.60. At the time the exercise price was adjusted, the Company calculated the fair value of the down round provision on the warrants to be less than $1,000 and recorded this as a deemed dividend (“Deemed Dividend N”). In addition, as a result of the 2018 Inducement Agreement, the exercise price of the Convertible Promissory Note Warrants was further adjusted to $11.25. At the time the exercise price was adjusted, the Company calculated the fair value of the down round provision on the warrants to be less than $1,000 and recorded this as a deemed dividend (“Deemed Dividend O”). In April 2018, as a result of the 2018 Note Agreement, the exercise price of the Convertible Promissory Note Warrants was adjusted to $4.50. At the time the exercise price was adjusted, the Company calculated the fair value of the down round provision on the warrants to be less than $1,000 and recorded this as a deemed dividend (“Deemed Dividend P”). In November 2018, as a result of the Amendment Agreement, the exercise price of the Convertible Promissory Note Warrants was adjusted to $2.25. At the time the exercise price was adjusted, the Company calculated the fair value of the down round provision on the warrants to be less than $1,000 and recorded this as a deemed dividend (“Deemed Dividend Q”). Series C Warrants In connection with the Series C Preferred Offering, the Company issued 130,857 warrants at an exercise price of $24.45, which contain a down round provision. Series C Warrants are exercisable on the six-month anniversary of the date of issuance and expire 5 years from date they are initially exercisable. The terms of the Series C Warrants prohibit a holder from exercising its Series C Warrants if doing so would result in such holder (together with its affiliates) beneficially owning more than 4.99% of the Company’s outstanding shares of common stock after giving effect to such exercise, provided that, at the election of a holder and notice to the Company, such beneficial ownership limitation may be increased to 9.99% of the Company’s outstanding shares of common stock after giving effect to such exercise. In February 2018, as a result of 2018 Purchase Agreement, the exercise price of the Series C Warrants was adjusted to $15.60. At the time the exercise price was adjusted, the Company calculated the fair value of the down round provision on the warrants to be approximately $58,000 and recorded this as a deemed dividend (“Deemed Dividend R”). In addition, as a result of the 2018 Inducement Agreement, the exercise price of the Series C Warrants was further adjusted to $11.25 as a result of the Exercise Price Reduction discussed above. In April 2018, as a result of the 2018 Note Agreement, the exercise price of the Series C Warrants was adjusted to $4.50. At the time the exercise price was adjusted, the Company calculated the fair value of the down round provision on the warrants to be approximately $45,000 and recorded this as a deemed dividend (“Deemed Dividend S”). In November 2018, as a result of the Amendment Agreement, the exercise price of the Series C Warrants was adjusted to $2.25. At the time the exercise price was adjusted, the Company calculated the fair value of the down round provision on the warrants to be approximately $4,000 and recorded this as a deemed dividend (“Deemed Dividend T”). There were 25,037 and 105,820 Series C Warrants exercised during the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, for proceeds to the Company of approximately $56,000 and $476,000, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the intrinsic value of the Series C Warrants exercised was approximately $443,000 and $294,000, respectively. Creditor Warrants In the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company entered into Settlement Agreements with the Creditors pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue, to certain of its Creditors, warrants to purchase 7,207 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $112.50 per share. The warrants were issued in February 2018. See Note 5 – Long-Term Debt. April 2018 Warrants In connection with the issuance of the April 2018 Bridge Notes, the Company issued 243,224 warrants at an exercise price of $11.25 at time of issuance. At issuance, half of these April 2018 Warrants had a five-year term and half had a one-year term. In September 2018, the exercise price was amended to $7.50. At the time of issuance, as discussed in Note 7 - Convertible Notes, the April 2018 Warrants had a fair value of approximately $1.1 million and were recorded as a liability with an offset to debt discount. In April 2019, as a result of the Amendment No.2 Agreement, the exercise price of the April 2018 Warrants was adjusted to $5.40 and all April 2018 Warrants that had a one-year term were amended to have a five-year term. Due to these modifications, the change in fair value of the April 2018 Warrants was calculated to be an expense of approximately $0.7 million which is included in loss on modification of warrants in the consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2019. During the year ended December 31, 2019, 51,708 April 2018 Warrants were exercised for proceeds to the Company of $279,000. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the intrinsic value of the April 2018 Warrants exercised was approximately $128,000. Advisor Warrants At the time of the 2018 Note Agreement, the Company issued 15,466 warrants with an exercise price of $11.25 to a financial advisor. At the time of issuance, as discussed in Note 7 - Convertible Notes, the Advisor Warrants had a fair value of approximately $0.1 million and were recorded as a liability with an offset to debt discount. Q3 2018 Warrants In connection with the issuance of the Q3 2018 Bridge Notes, the Company issued 196,340 warrants with an exercise price of $11.25 at time of issuance. Half of these Q3 2018 Warrants were issued with a five-year term and half with a one-year term. At the time of issuance, as discussed in Note 7 - Convertible Notes, the Q3 2018 Warrants had a fair value of approximately $0.7 million and were recorded as a liability with an offset to debt discount. In September 2018, the exercise price was modified to $7.50. The Company calculated the change in fair value due to repricing to be an expense of approximately $0.1 million which is included in warrant revaluation in the consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2018. In April 2019, as a result of the Amendment No.2 Agreement, the exercise price of the Q3 2018 Warrants was adjusted to $5.40 and all Q3 2018 Warrants that had a one-year term were amended to have a five-year term. Due to these modifications, the change in fair value of the Q3 2018 Warrants was calculated to be an expense of approximately $0.4 million which is included in loss on modification of warrants in the consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2019. There were 53,610 Q3 2018 Warrants exercised during the year ended December 31, 2019 for proceeds to the Company of $289,000. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the intrinsic value of the Q3 2018 Warrants exercised was approximately $133,382. Q4 2018 Warrants In connection with the issuance of the Q4 2018 Bridge Notes, the Company issued 300,115 warrants with an exercise price of $5.40 at time of issuance and a five-year term. At the time of issuance, as discussed in Note 7 - Convertible Notes, the Q4 2018 Warrants had a fair value of approximately $0.7 million and were recorded as a liability with an offset to debt discount. There were 173,045 Q4 2018 Warrants exercised during the year ended December 31, 2019 for proceeds to the Company of $934,000. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the intrinsic value of the Q4 2018 Warrants exercised was approximately $489,000. April 2019 Warrants In connection with the issuance of the April 2019 Bridge Notes, the Company issued 147,472 warrants with an exercise price of $5.40 and a five-year term. At the time of issuance, as discussed in Note 7 - Convertible Notes, the April 2019 Warrants had a fair value of approximately $1.0 million and were recorded as a liability with an offset to debt discount. May 2019 Warrants In connection with the issuance of the May 2019 Bridge Notes, the Company issued 154,343 warrants with an exercise price of $5.40 and a five-year term. At the time of issuance, as discussed in Note 7 - Convertible Notes, the May 2019 Warrants had a fair value of approximately $0.9 million and were recorded as a liability with an offset to debt discount. Deemed Dividends As discussed above, certain of our preferred stock and warrant issuances contain down round provisions which require us to recognize the effect of the down round feature when it is triggered. That effect is treated as a dividend and as a reduction of income available to common shareholders in basic EPS. There were no dividends recorded in 2019. The following represents a summary of the dividends recorded for the year ended December 31, 2018:
|  | Amount Recorded
Deemed Dividends |  | (in thousands)
Dividends resulting from the 2018 Purchase Agreement |  |  |
Deemed Dividend A |  | $ | 1,358
Deemed Dividend E |  |  | 829
Deemed Dividend G |  |  | 62
Deemed Dividend J |  |  | 8
Deemed Dividend N |  |  | *
Deemed Dividend R |  |  | 58
Dividends resulting from the 2018 Inducement Agreement |  |  |
Deemed Dividend B |  |  | 40
Deemed Dividend F |  |  | 1,154
Deemed Dividend K |  |  | 5
Deemed Dividend O |  |  | *
Dividends resulting from the 2018 Note Agreement |  |  |
Deemed Dividend C |  |  | 216
Deemed Dividend H |  |  | 63
Deemed Dividend L |  |  | 10
Deemed Dividend P |  |  | *
Deemed Dividend S |  |  | 45
Dividends resulting from the Amendment Agreement |  |  |
Deemed Dividend D |  |  | 361
Deemed Dividend I |  |  | 5
Deemed Dividend M |  |  | 4
Deemed Dividend Q |  |  | *
Deemed Dividend T |  |  | 4
Total 2018 Deemed Dividends |  | $ | 4,222
* Represents less than one thousand dollars

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- Definition The entire disclosure for shareholders' equity comprised of portions attributable to the parent entity and noncontrolling interest, including other comprehensive income. Includes, but is not limited to, balances of common stock, preferred stock, additional paid-in capital, other capital and retained earnings, accumulated balance for each classification of other comprehensive income and amount of comprehensive income. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2208762 + Details
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