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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2020
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES [Abstract] |
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Principles of Consolidation. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Precipio, Inc. and our wholly owned subsidiaries, and the Joint Venture which is a VIE in which we are the primary beneficiary. Refer to the section titled “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities” for further information related to our accounting for the Joint Venture. All inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Use of Estimates. The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of net sales and expenses during the reporting period. The most significant estimates and assumptions with regard to these consolidated financial statements relate to the allowance for doubtful accounts, assumptions used within the fair value of debt and equity transactions, contractual allowances and related impairments. These assumptions require considerable judgment by management. Actual results could differ from the estimates and assumptions used in preparing these consolidated financial statements. Risks and Uncertainties. Certain risks and uncertainties are inherent in our day-to-day operations and in the process of preparing our financial statements. The risks and uncertainties may be heightened by the COVID-19 pandemic and any worsening of the global business and economic environment as a result. The more significant of those risks are presented below and throughout the notes to the consolidated financial statements. The Company operates in the healthcare industry which is subject to numerous laws and regulations of federal, state and local governments. These laws and regulations include, but are not necessarily limited to, matters such as licensure, accreditation, government healthcare program participation requirements, reimbursement for patient services, and Medicare and Medicaid fraud and abuse. Government activity has increased with respect to investigations and allegations concerning possible violations of fraud and abuse statutes and regulations by healthcare providers. Violations of these laws and regulations could result in expulsion from government healthcare programs together with the imposition of significant fines and penalties, as well as significant repayments for patient services previously billed. Management believes that the Company is in compliance with fraud and abuse regulations, as well as other applicable government laws and regulations. While no material regulatory inquiries have been made, compliance with such laws and regulations can be subject to future government review and interpretation as well as regulatory actions unknown or unasserted at this time. Fair Value. Unless otherwise specified, book value approximates fair value. The common stock warrant liabilities are recorded at fair value. See Note 12 - Fair Value for additional information. Other Current Assets. Other current assets of $0.3 million as of December 31, 2020 include prepaid insurance of approximately $0.3 million and prepaid assets and other receivables of less than $0.1 million. Other current assets of $0.3 million as of December 31, 2019 include prepaid assets of less than $0.1 million, prepaid insurance of $0.2 million and other receivables of less than $0.1 million. Concentrations of Risk. From time to time, we may maintain a cash position with financial institutions in amounts that exceed Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insured limits of up to $250,000 per depositor per financial institution. We have not experienced any losses on such accounts as of December 31, 2020. Service companies in the health care industry typically grant credit without collateral to patients. The majority of these patients are insured under third-party insurance agreements. The services provided by the Company are routinely billed utilizing the Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code set designed to communicate uniform information about medical services and procedures among physicians, coders, patients, accreditation organizations, and payers for administrative, financial, and analytical purposes. CPT codes are currently identified by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services and third-party payers. The Company utilizes CPT codes for Pathology and Laboratory Services contained within codes 80000‑89398. Inventories. Inventories consist of laboratory supplies and are valued at cost (determined on an average cost basis, which approximates the first-in, first-out method) or net realizable value, whichever is lower. We evaluate inventory for items that are slow moving or obsolete and record an appropriate reserve for obsolescence if needed. We determined that no allowance for slow moving or obsolete inventory was necessary at December 31, 2020 and 2019. Property and Equipment, net. Property and equipment are carried at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Depreciation and amortization are computed by the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets as follows:
Furniture and fixtures |  | 5 to 7 | years
Laboratory equipment |  | 3 to 10 | years
Computer equipment and software |  | 3 to 7 | years
For assets sold or otherwise disposed of, the cost and related accumulated depreciation and amortization are removed from the accounts, and any related gain or loss is reflected in operations for the period. Expenditures for major betterments that extend the useful lives of property and equipment are capitalized. Intangible Assets. We review our amortizable long-lived assets for impairment annually or whenever events indicate that the carrying amount of the asset (group) may not be recoverable. An impairment loss may be needed if the sum of the future undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset (group). The amount of the loss would be determined by comparing the fair value of the asset to the carrying amount of the asset (group). There were no impairment charges on our amortizable long-lived assets during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. In-process research and development (“IPR&D”) represents the fair value assigned to research and development assets that were not fully developed when acquired. Until the IPR&D projects are completed, the assets are accounted for as indefinite-lived intangible assets and subject to impairment testing. The IPR&D principally related to research projects that were not related to IV-Cell, HemeScreen or ICP. During 2019, the Company made a determination to suspend further research and analysis of these projects, and, as a result, it was more likely than not that the IPR&D was fully impaired, resulting in an impairment charge of $1.6 million in 2019. There was zero IPR&D within the accompanying consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Debt Issuance Costs, Debt Discounts and Debt Premiums. Debt issuance costs, debt discounts and debt premiums are being amortized or accreted over the lives of the related financings on a basis that approximates the effective interest method. Costs and discounts are presented as a reduction of the related debt and premiums are presented as an increase to the related debt in the accompanying balance sheets. The amortization amount recorded was expense, net of income, of $0.3 million and $0.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Debt discounts and debt premiums are amortized or accreted to interest expense and interest income on the consolidated statement of operations, respectively. See Note 5 – Long Term Debt and Note 6 – Convertible Notes for further discussion. Stock-Based Compensation. All stock-based awards to date have exercise prices equal to the market price of our common stock on the date of grant and have ten-year contractual terms. Stock-based compensation cost is based on the fair value of the portion of stock-based awards that is ultimately expected to vest. The Company utilizes the Black-Scholes option pricing model for determining the estimated fair value for stock-based awards. Unvested awards as of December 31, 2020 had vesting periods of up to four years from the date of grant. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, 53,334 unvested awards outstanding are subject to performance vesting conditions, respectively. No awards outstanding at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, are subject to market-based vesting. Net Sales Recognition. Revenue recognition occurs when a customer obtains control of the promised goods and service. Revenue assigned to the goods and services reflects the consideration which the Company expects to receive in exchange for those goods and services. The Company derives its revenues from diagnostic testing - histology, flow cytometry, cytology and molecular testing; clinical research from bio-pharma customers, state and federal grant programs; biomarker testing from bio-pharma customers and from other product sales. All sources of revenue are recorded net of accruals for estimated chargebacks, rebates, cash discounts, other allowances, and returns. Due to differences in the substance of these revenue types, the transactions require, and the Company utilizes, different revenue recognition policies for each. See more detailed information on revenue in Note 14 – Sales Service Revenue, Net And Accounts Receivable. The Company recognizes revenue utilizing the five-step framework of ASC 606. Control of the laboratory testing services is transferred to the customer at a point in time. As such, the Company recognizes revenue for diagnostic testing at a point in time based on the delivery method (web-portal access or fax) for a patient’s laboratory report. Diagnostic testing service revenue is reported at the estimated net realizable amounts from patients, third-party payers and others for services rendered, including retroactive adjustment under reimbursement agreements with third-party payers. Provisions for third-party payer settlements are provided in the period in which the related services are rendered and adjusted in the future periods, as final settlements are determined. For clinical research and biomarker services, the Company utilizes an “effort based” method of assessing performance and measures progress towards satisfaction of the performance obligation based upon the delivery of results per the contract. When we receive payment in advance, we initially defer the revenue and recognize it when we deliver the service. Deferred net sales included in the balance sheet as deferred revenue was less than $0.1 million as of December 31, 2020 and 2019. Taxes collected from customers and remitted to government agencies for specific net sales producing transactions are recorded net with no effect on the income statement. Accounts Receivable Accounts Receivable result from diagnostic services provided to self-pay and insured patients, project based testing services and clinical research. The payment for services provided by the Company are generally due within 30 days from the invoice date. Accounts receivable are reduced by an allowance for doubtful accounts. In evaluating the collectability of accounts receivable, the Company analyzes and identifies trends for each of its sources of revenue to estimate the appropriate allowance for doubtful accounts. For receivables associated with self-pay patients, including patients with insurance and a deductible and copayment, the Company records an allowance for doubtful accounts in the period of services on the basis of past experience of patients unable or unwilling to pay for service fee for which they are financially responsible. For receivables associated with services provided to patients with third-party coverage, the Company analyzes contractually due amounts and provides an allowance, if necessary. The difference between the standard rates and the amounts actually collected after all reasonable collection efforts have been exhausted is charged against the allowance for doubtful accounts. Presentation of Insurance Claims and Related Insurance Recoveries. The Company accounts for its insurance claims and related insurance recoveries at their gross values as standards for health care entities do not allow the Company to net insurance recoveries against the related claim liabilities. There were no insurance claims or insurance recoveries recorded during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. Advertising Costs. Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and are included in operating expenses on the consolidated statement of operations. Advertising costs charged to operations totaled approximately $0.1 million in 2020 and 2019, respectively. Research and Development Costs. All costs associated with internal research and development are expensed as incurred. These costs include salaries and employee related expenses, operating supplies and facility-related expenses. Research and development costs charged to operations totaled $1.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Income Taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities at each balance sheet date using tax rates expected to be in effect in the year the differences are expected to reverse. The effect on the deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the period when the change in tax rates is enacted. A valuation allowance is established when it is determined that it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. A full valuation allowance has been applied against the Company’s net deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, due to projected losses and because it is not more likely than not that the Company will realize future benefits associated with these deferred tax assets. Management’s conclusions regarding uncertain tax positions may be subject to review and adjustment at a later date based upon ongoing analysis of, or changes in tax laws, regulations and interpretations thereof as well as other factors. The Company’s policy is to record interest and penalties directly related to income taxes as income tax expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations, of which there was none for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. Common Stock Warrants. The Company classifies the issuance of common stock warrants as equity any contracts that (i) require physical settlement or net-stock settlement or (ii) gives the Company a choice of net-cash settlement or settlement in its own stocks (physical settlement or net-stock settlement). The Company classifies as assets or liabilities any contracts that (i) require net-cash settlement (including a requirement to net-cash settle the contract if an event occurs and if that event is outside of the Company’s control), or (ii) gives the counterparty a choice of net-cash settlement or settlement in stock (physical settlement or net-stock settlement). Certain of our issued and outstanding warrants to purchase common stock do not qualify to be treated as equity and accordingly, are recorded as a liability (“Common Stock Warrant Liability”). We are required to present these instruments at fair value at each reporting date and any changes in fair values are recorded as an adjustment to earnings. Beneficial Conversion Features. The intrinsic value of a beneficial conversion feature (“BCF”) inherent to a convertible note payable, which is not bifurcated and accounted for separately from the convertible note payable and may not be settled in cash upon conversion, is treated as a discount to the convertible note payable. This discount is amortized over the period from the date of issuance to the first conversion date using the effective interest method. If the note payable is retired prior to the end of its contractual term, the unamortized discount is expensed in the period of retirement to interest expense. In general, the BCF is measured by comparing the effective conversion price, after considering the relative fair value of detachable instruments included in the financing transaction, if any, to the fair value of the common shares at the commitment date to be received upon conversion. Deemed dividends are also recorded for the intrinsic value of conversion options embedded in preferred shares based upon the differences between the fair value of the underlying common stock at the commitment date of the transaction and the effective conversion price embedded in the preferred shares. When the preferred shares are non-redeemable the BCF is fully amortized into additional paid-in capital and preferred discount. If the preferred shares are redeemable, the discount is amortized from the commitment date to the first conversion date. Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities. We evaluate any entity in which we are involved to determine if the entity is a VIE and if so, whether we hold a variable interest and are the primary beneficiary. We consolidate VIEs that are subject to assessment when we are deemed to be the primary beneficiary of the VIE. The process for determining whether we are the primary beneficiary of the VIE is to conclude whether we are a party to the VIE holding a variable interest that meets both of the following criteria: (1) has the power to make decisions that most significantly affect the economic performance of the VIE, and (2) has the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that in either case could potentially be significant to the VIE. We have determined that we hold a variable interest in the Joint Venture, have the power to make significant operational decisions on behalf of the VIE and also have the obligation to absorb the majority of the losses from the VIE. As such we have also determined that we are the primary beneficiary of the VIE. The following table presents information about the carrying value of the assets and liabilities of the Joint Venture which we consolidate and which are included on our consolidated balance sheets. Intercompany balances are eliminated in consolidation and not reflected in the following table.
(dollars in thousands) |  | December 31, 2020
Assets: |  |  |
Accounts receivable, net |  | $ | 538
Total assets |  | $ | 538
Liabilities: |  |  |
Accrued expenses |  | $ | 27
Total liabilities |  | $ | 27
Noncontrolling interest in Joint Venture |  | $ | 27
The Company entered into the Joint Venture during 2020 and, as such, there are no assets or liabilities of the Joint Venture as of December 31, 2019. Loss Per Share. Basic loss per share is calculated based on the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during each period. Diluted loss per share includes shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding stock options, warrants or conversion rights that have exercise or conversion prices below the market value of our common stock. Options, warrants and conversion rights pertaining to 1,846,989 and 2,281,701 shares of our common stock have been excluded from the computation of diluted loss per share at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, because the effect is anti-dilutive due to the net loss. The following table summarizes the outstanding securities not included in the computation of diluted net loss per share:
|  | December 31,
|  | 2020 |  | 2019
Stock options |  | 822,992 |  | 490,330
Warrants |  | 906,497 |  | 909,189
Preferred stock |  | 117,500 |  | 20,888
Convertible notes |  | — |  | 861,294
Total |  | 1,846,989 |  | 2,281,701
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements. In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2018-13 “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820)”, which modifies certain disclosure requirements in Topic 820, such as the removal of the need to disclose the amount of and reason for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, and several changes related to Level 3 fair value measurements. The Company adopted this guidance on January 1, 2020. The adoption of this guidance was not material to our consolidated financial statements. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15 “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal Use Software (Subtopic 350-40)”, which aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a cloud computing hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal use software. The Company adopted this guidance on January 1, 2020. The adoption of this guidance was not material to our consolidated financial statements. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted. In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06 “Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity.” This ASU amends the guidance on convertible instruments and the derivatives scope exception for contracts in an entity’s own equity and improves and amends the related EPS guidance for both Subtopics. The ASU will be effective for annual reporting periods after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within those annual periods and early adoption is permitted in annual reporting periods ending after December 15, 2020. The Company is currently assessing the potential impact that the adoption of this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements. In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12 “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes”, which is intended to improve consistent application and simplify the accounting for income taxes. This ASU removes certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740 and clarifies and amends existing guidance. This standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adoption of this ASU and does not expect the adoption of this new standard to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13 “Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”, which replaces current methods for evaluating impairment of financial instruments not measured at fair value, including trade accounts receivable and certain debt securities, with a current expected credit loss model. This ASU, as amended, is effective for the Company for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company is currently assessing the potential impact that the adoption of this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements.

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