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U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2025

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ________ to ________

Commission file number 001-38758

Renovaro Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 45-2259340
(State or other jurisdiction of |  | (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization) |  | Identification Number)
2080 Century Park East, Suite 906 Los Angeles, CA |  | 90067
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code)

+1(305) 918-1980

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

N/A

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class |  | Trading Symbol |  | Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share |  | RENB |  | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☐ | Accelerated filer | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☒ | Smaller reporting company | ☒
| Emerging growth company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of May 13, 2025, the number of shares of the registrant’s Common Stock outstanding was 172,118,569.

RENOVARO INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

- INDEX -

|  | Page
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION: | 1
Item 1. | Financial Statements (Unaudited): | 1
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2025 (Unaudited) and June 30, 2024 | 2
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Nine Months Ended March 31, 2025, and 2024 (Unaudited) | 3
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the Three and Nine Months Ended March 31, 2025, and 2024 (Unaudited) | 4
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Nine Months Ended March 31, 2025, and 2024 (Unaudited) | 5
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended March 31, 2025, and 2024 (Unaudited) | 7
| Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 8
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 24
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 36
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 36
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION: | 37
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 37
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 40
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 40
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 40
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 40
Item 5. | Other Information | 40
Item 6. | Exhibits | 41
Signatures | 42

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information and in accordance with the instructions for Form 10-Q. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements.

In the opinion of management, the financial statements contain all material adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows of the Company for the interim periods presented.

The results for the period ended March 31, 2025, are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations for the full year. These financial statements and related footnotes should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company’s Form 10-K/A for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 19, 2025.

1

RENOVARO INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

|  | March 31, |  | June 30,
|  | 2025 |  | 2024
|  | (Unaudited) |  |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CURRENT ASSETS: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash |  | $ | 923,002 |  |  | $ | 220,467 |
Other receivable |  |  | 964,389 |  |  |  | — |
Investment in equity securities |  |  | 710,281 |  |  |  | — |
Insurance receivable |  |  | 127,080 |  |  |  | 1,108,247 |
Prepaids and other assets |  |  | 943,302 |  |  |  | 668,929 |
Total Current Assets |  |  | 3,668,054 |  |  |  | 1,997,643 |
Property and equipment, net |  |  | 393,119 |  |  |  | 482,121 |
OTHER ASSETS: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Definite life intangible assets, net |  |  | 16,172 |  |  |  | 30,043 |
Goodwill |  |  | 112,642,272 |  |  |  | 159,330,161 |
Deposits and other assets |  |  | 14,146 |  |  |  | 19,849 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets |  |  | 992,357 |  |  |  | 1,269,633 |
Total Other Assets |  |  | 113,664,947 |  |  |  | 160,649,686 |
TOTAL ASSETS |  | $ | 117,726,120 |  |  | $ | 163,129,450 |
LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CURRENT LIABILITIES: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable – trade |  | $ | 11,726,058 |  |  | $ | 9,448,683 |
Accrued expenses |  |  | 5,715,737 |  |  |  | 5,311,324 |
Other current liabilities |  |  | 546,265 |  |  |  | 295,361 |
Contingent consideration liability |  |  | 1,320,000 |  |  |  | 12,310,000 |
Convertible notes payable |  |  | 245,000 |  |  |  | 245,000 |
Current portion of operating lease liabilities |  |  | 547,683 |  |  |  | 493,553 |
Stock subscription payable |  |  | 3,000,000 |  |  |  | — |
Notes payable – related parties, net |  |  | 5,740,897 |  |  |  | 2,205,996 |
Total Current Liabilities |  |  | 28,841,640 |  |  |  | 30,309,917 |
NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion |  |  | 497,629 |  |  |  | 842,389 |
Total Non-Current Liabilities |  |  | 497,629 |  |  |  | 842,389 |
Total Liabilities |  |  | 29,339,269 |  |  |  | 31,152,306 |
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 7) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Common Stock, par value $0.0001, 350,000,000 shares authorized, 162,392,907 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2025, and 158,452,644 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2024 |  |  | 16,241 |  |  |  | 15,847 |
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | 471,325,333 |  |  |  | 464,587,224 |
Accumulated deficit |  |  | (383,730,334 | ) |  |  | (332,455,081 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | 775,611 |  |  |  | (170,846 | )
Total Stockholders’ Equity |  |  | 88,386,851 |  |  |  | 131,977,144 |
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  | $ | 117,726,120 |  |  | $ | 163,129,450 |

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

2

RENOVARO INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(UNAUDITED)

|  | For the Three Months Ended |  | For the Nine Months Ended
|  | March 31, |  | March 31,
|  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Operating Expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
General and administrative |  | $ | 4,224,590 |  |  | $ | 7,652,379 |  |  | $ | 13,878,963 |  |  | $ | 19,558,981 |
Research and development |  |  | (94,073 | ) |  |  | 1,087,156 |  |  |  | 457,200 |  |  |  | 2,274,321 |
Goodwill impairment |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 47,614,729 |  |  |  | — |
Intangible asset impairment |  |  | — |  |  |  | 42,611,000 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 42,611,000 |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 31,975 |  |  |  | 30,305 |  |  |  | 96,469 |  |  |  | 90,727 |
Total Operating Expenses |  |  | 4,162,492 |  |  |  | 51,380,840 |  |  |  | 62,047,361 |  |  |  | 64,535,029 |
LOSS FROM OPERATIONS |  |  | (4,162,492 | ) |  |  | (51,380,840 | ) |  |  | (62,047,361 | ) |  |  | (64,535,029 | )
Other Income (Expenses) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Change in fair value of contingent consideration |  |  | 4,330,000 |  |  |  | (7,289,156 | ) |  |  | 10,990,000 |  |  |  | (7,289,156 | )
Change in fair value of equity securities |  |  | 210,281 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 210,281 |  |  |  | — |
Loss on extinguishment of debt |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (120,018 | )
Interest expense |  |  | (188,685 | ) |  |  | (303,802 | ) |  |  | (537,656 | ) |  |  | (758,057 | )
Interest and other income |  |  | 72 |  |  |  | (16,272 | ) |  |  | 109,483 |  |  |  | 8,041 |
Total Other Income (Expense) |  |  | 4,351,668 |  |  |  | (7,609,230 | ) |  |  | 10,772,108 |  |  |  | (8,159,190 | )
NET INCOME (LOSS) |  | $ | 189,176 |  |  | $ | (58,990,070 | ) |  | $ | (51,275,253 | ) |  | $ | (72,694,219 | )
BASIC INCOME (LOSS PER SHARE) |  | $ | 0.00 |  |  | $ | (0.54 | ) |  | $ | (0.32 | ) |  | $ | (0.91 | )
DILUTED INCOME (LOSS PER SHARE) |  | $ | 0.00 |  |  | $ | (0.54 | ) |  | $ | (0.32 | ) |  | $ | (0.91 | )
WEIGHTED AVERAGE NUMBER OF SHARES OF COMMON STOCK OUTSTANDING - BASIC |  |  | 162,334,574 |  |  |  | 109,249,637 |  |  |  | 161,377,448 |  |  |  | 79,754,095 |
WEIGHTED AVERAGE NUMBER OF SHARES OF COMMON STOCK OUTSTANDING - DILUTED |  |  | 163,930,470 |  |  |  | 109,249,637 |  |  |  | 161,377,448 |  |  |  | 79,754,095 |

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

RENOVARO INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(UNAUDITED)

|  | For the Three Months Ended |  | For the Nine Months Ended
|  | March 31, |  | March 31,
|  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Net Income (Loss) |  | $ | 189,176 |  |  | $ | (58,990,070 | ) |  | $ | (51,275,253 | ) |  | $ | (72,694,219 | )
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign Currency Translation, net of taxes |  |  | 4,623,214 |  |  |  | 1,061,201 |  |  |  | 946,457 |  |  |  | 1,063,852 |
Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | $ | 4,812,390 |  |  | $ | (57,928,869 | ) |  | $ | (50,328,796 | ) |  | $ | (71,630,367 | )

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

RENOVARO INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(UNAUDITED)

|  | # of Series A Preferred Shares |  | Series A Preferred Shares Amount |  | # of common Shares |  | Common Shares |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Accumulated Deficit |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income |  | Total
June 30, 2023 |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 63,698,144 |  |  | $ | 6,371 |  |  | $ | 290,554,875 |  |  | $ | (244,029,253 | ) |  | $ | (29,882 | ) |  | $ | 46,502,111 |
Issuance of preferred stock and warrants in private placement |  |  | 280,505 |  |  |  | 28 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,999,972 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,000,000 |
Issuance of preferred stock and warrants for conversion of Note Payable |  |  | 280,505 |  |  |  | 28 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,999,973 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,000,001 |
Restricted shares issued for services rendered |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,000,000 |  |  |  | 200 |  |  |  | 4,469,800 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,470,000 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 983,829 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 983,829 |
Net loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (9,175,028 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (9,175,028 | )
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (34,601 | ) |  |  | (34,601 | )
September 30, 2023 |  |  | 561,010 |  |  |  | 56 |  |  |  | 65,698,144 |  |  |  | 6,571 |  |  |  | 300,008,449 |  |  |  | (253,204,281 | ) |  |  | (64,483 | ) |  |  | 46,746,312 |
Stock issued pursuant to warrants exercised |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 525,945 |  |  |  | 53 |  |  |  | 341,812 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 341,865 |
Restricted shares issued for advisory services |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,000,000 |  |  |  | 100 |  |  |  | (100 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 999,228 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 999,228 |
Net loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (4,529,121 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (4,529,121 | )
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 37,252 |  |  |  | 37,252 |
December 31, 2023 |  |  | 561,010 |  |  |  | 56 |  |  |  | 67,224,089 |  |  |  | 6,724 |  |  |  | 301,349,389 |  |  |  | (257,733,402 | ) |  |  | (27,231 | ) |  |  | 43,595,536 |
Non-cash exercise of warrants |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,425,399 |  |  |  | 343 |  |  |  | 1,999,657 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,000,000 |
Restricted shares issued for services rendered |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 50,000 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 99,995 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100,000 |
Issuance of common stock under private placement offering |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 344,827 |  |  |  | 34 |  |  |  | 999,966 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,000,000 |
Issuance of common stock pursuant to acquisition of GEDi Cube (Note 12) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 70,834,183 |  |  |  | 7,083 |  |  |  | 135,994,548 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 136,001,631 |
Preferred stock converted to common stock pursuant to acquisition of GEDi Cube (Note 12) |  |  | (561,010 | ) |  |  | (56 | ) |  |  | 5,610,100 |  |  |  | 561 |  |  |  | (505 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Shares issuable for settlement of contingent consideration |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,425,399 |  |  |  | 343 |  |  |  | 7,775,313 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,775,313 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,861,601 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,861,601 |
Net loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (58,990,070 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (58,990,070 | )
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,061,201 |  |  |  | 1,061,201 |
March 31, 2024 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | 150,913,997 |  |  | $ | 15,093 |  |  | $ | 450,079,965 |  |  | $ | (316,723,472 | ) |  | $ | 1,033,970 |  |  | $ | 134,405,556 |

5

|  | # of Series A Preferred Shares |  | Series A Preferred Shares Amount |  | # of Shares |  | Common Shares |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Accumulated Deficit |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income |  | Total
June 30, 2024 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | 158,452,644 |  |  | $ | 15,847 |  |  | $ | 464,587,224 |  |  | $ | (332,455,081 | ) |  | $ | (170,846 | ) |  | $ | 131,977,144 |
Issuance of common stock under private placement offering |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,423,456 |  |  |  | 142 |  |  |  | 2,096,039 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,096,181 |
Restricted shares issued for services rendered |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,000,000 |  |  |  | 200 |  |  |  | 1,399,800 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,400,000 |
Forfeited shares of common stock |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (833,333 | ) |  |  | (83 | ) |  |  | 83 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 357,648 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 357,648 |
Net loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (44,212,035 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (44,212,035 | )
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6,468,061 |  |  |  | 6,468,061 |
September 30, 2024 |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 161,042,767 |  |  |  | 16,106 |  |  |  | 468,440,794 |  |  |  | (376,667,116 | ) |  |  | 6,297,215 |  |  |  | 98,086,999 |
Issuance of common stock under private placement offering |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 190,140 |  |  |  | 19 |  |  |  | 279,981 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 280,000 |
Restricted shares issued for services rendered |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 660,000 |  |  |  | 66 |  |  |  | 393,334 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 393,400 |
Restricted shares issued for executive compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 250,000 |  |  |  | 25 |  |  |  | 137,475 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 137,500 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 558,631 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 558,631 |
Net loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (7,252,394 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (7,252,394 | )
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (10,144,818 | ) |  |  | (10,144,818 | )
December 31, 2024 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | 162,142,907 |  |  | $ | 16,216 |  |  | $ | 469,810,215 |  |  | $ | (383,919,510 | ) |  | $ | (3,847,603 | ) |  | $ | 82,059,318 |
Restricted shares issued for executive compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 250,000 |  |  |  | 25 |  |  |  | 15,919 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 15,944 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,499,199 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,499,199 |
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 189,176 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 189,176 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,623,214 |  |  |  | 4,623,214 |
March 31, 2025 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | 162,392,907 |  |  | $ | 16,241 |  |  | $ | 471,325,333 |  |  | $ | (383,730,334 | ) |  | $ | 775,611 |  |  | $ | 88,386,851 |

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

6

RENOVARO INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)

|  | For the Nine Months Ended
|  | March 31,
|  | 2025 |  | 2024
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss |  | $ | (51,275,253 | ) |  | $ | (72,694,219 | )
ADJUSTMENTS TO RECONCILE NET LOSS TO NET CASH USED IN OPERATING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 96,469 |  |  |  | 90,727 |
Loss on extinguishment of debt |  |  | — |  |  |  | 120,018 |
Change in value of contingent consideration |  |  | (10,990,000 | ) |  |  | 7,289,156 |
Change in value of equity securities |  |  | (210,281 | ) |  |  | — |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  | 2,415,478 |  |  |  | 3,844,658 |
Restricted shares for services rendered (including $153,444 of compensation expense) |  |  | 1,946,844 |  |  |  | 4,570,000 |
Goodwill impairment |  |  | 47,614,729 |  |  |  | — |
Intangible asset impairment |  |  | — |  |  |  | 42,611,000 |
Amortization of discount of notes payable |  |  | 32,024 |  |  |  | 494,809 |
Changes in assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other receivables |  |  | 986,870 |  |  |  | — |
Prepaid expenses/deposits |  |  | 744,557 |  |  |  | 798,741 |
Accounts payable |  |  | 2,277,375 |  |  |  | 2,110,232 |
Accrued expenses |  |  | 379,468 |  |  |  | 2,194,293 |
Other current liabilities |  |  | (68,437 | ) |  |  | — |
Operating leases, net |  |  | (13,354 | ) |  |  | 12,936 |
NET CASH USED IN OPERATING ACTIVITIES |  |  | (6,063,511 | ) |  |  | (8,557,649 | )
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Notes receivable prior to acquisition |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,225,779 | )
Investment in equity securities |  |  | (1,464,389 | ) |  |  | — |
Cash received from acquisition |  |  | — |  |  |  | 65,851 |
Purchase of property and equipment |  |  | — |  |  |  | (46,878 | )
NET CASH USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES |  |  | (1,464,389 | ) |  |  | (1,206,806 | )
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from issuance of promissory notes |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,645,000 |
Repayment of finance agreement |  |  | (699,588 | ) |  |  | (646,128 | )
Proceeds from private placement |  |  | 2,376,181 |  |  |  | 3,000,000 |
Stock subscription payable |  |  | 3,000,000 |  |  |  | — |
Proceeds from notes payable |  |  | 3,527,822 |  |  |  | 1,710,000 |
Proceeds from exercise of warrants |  |  | — |  |  |  | 341,865 |
NET CASH PROVIDED BY FINANCING ACTIVITIES |  |  | 8,204,415 |  |  |  | 8,050,737 |
Effect of exchange rates on cash |  |  | 26,020 |  |  |  | 151,935 |
NET CHANGE IN CASH |  |  | 702,535 |  |  |  | (1,561,783 | )
CASH, BEGINNING OF PERIOD |  |  | 220,467 |  |  |  | 1,874,480 |
CASH, END OF PERIOD |  | $ | 923,002 |  |  | $ | 312,697 |
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid during the period for: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest |  | $ | 15,995 |  |  | $ | 12,692 |
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF NON-CASH FINANCING ACTIVITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Finance agreement entered into in exchange for prepaid assets |  | $ | 1,018,930 |  |  | $ | 906,834 |
Conversion of note payable for issuance of preferred stock |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,000,001 |
Common shares issued upon acquisition |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 136,001,631 |
Contingent consideration issued upon acquisition |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 20,557,500 |
Earn out shares issued in settlement of contingent liability |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,775,656 |
Note payable settled through non-cash exercise of warrants |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,000,000 |
Debt discount related to convertible promissory notes |  | $ | 24,954 |  |  | $ | — |
Debt discount related to notes payable |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 301,841 |
Cancellation of restricted stock awards |  | $ | 83 |  |  | $ | — |

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

7

RENOVARO INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 1 — ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Business – On February 13, 2024, the Company changed its corporate name from Renovaro Biosciences Inc. to Renovaro Inc. (“Renovaro”, and together with its subsidiaries, the “Company”, “we” or “us”). Renovaro Inc. operates through two subsidiaries, Renovaro Biosciences and Renovaro Cube. Renovaro Cube refers to Renovaro Cube Intl Ltd. (formerly known as GediCube Intl. Ltd.) and its wholly owned subsidiaries GediCube, B.V. and Grace Systems B.V., which were acquired on February 13, 2024.

Renovaro Biosciences is a biotechnology company intending to develop advanced allogeneic cell and gene therapies to promote stronger immune system responses potentially for long-term or life-long cancer remission in some of the deadliest cancers, and potentially to treat or cure serious infectious diseases such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infections. Renovaro Cube is an AI-driven healthcare technology company focusing on the earliest possible detection of cancer and its recurrence. Renovaro Cube has developed a proprietary AI platform that analyzes genetics using Explainable AI to provide earlier and more accurate cancer diagnosis.

Basis of Presentation – The Company prepares consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and follows the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The accompanying financial statements are unaudited. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (which include only normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations and cash flows at March 31, 2025, and 2024 and for the periods then ended have been made. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s June 30, 2024 audited financial statements. The results of operations for the period ended March 31, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full year.

Consolidation – For the three and nine months ended March 31, 2025, and 2024, the condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts and operations of the Company and its subsidiaries. All material inter-company transactions and accounts have been eliminated in the consolidation.

Accounting Estimates – The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimated. Significant estimates include the fair value of assets acquired in a business acquisition, contingent consideration, and equity instruments issued for goods or services.

Loss Per Share –Basic earnings per common share (EPS) are based on the weighted average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding during each period. Diluted earnings per common share are based on shares outstanding (computed as under basic EPS) and potentially dilutive shares of Common Stock. Potential shares of Common Stock included in the diluted earnings per share calculation include in-the-money stock options that have been granted but have not been exercised and shares issuable upon conversion of convertible preferred stock and convertible notes. Because of the net loss for the nine months ended March 31, 2025, and 2024, the dilutive shares for all periods were excluded from the Diluted EPS calculation as the effect of these potential shares of Common Stock is anti-dilutive. The Company had 12,850,390 and 9,522,967 potential shares of Common Stock excluded from the Diluted EPS calculation as of March 31, 2025, and 2024, respectively.

8

Functional Currency & Foreign Currency Translation – The functional currency of Renovaro Biosciences Denmark ApS is the Danish Kroner (“DKK”) and the functional currency of Renovaro Cube is the Euro (“EUR”). The Company’s reporting currency is the U.S. Dollar for the purpose of these financial statements. The Company’s balance sheet accounts are translated into U.S. dollars at the period-end exchange rates and all revenue and expenses are translated into U.S. dollars at the average exchange rates prevailing during the periods ended March 31, 2025, and 2024. Translation gains and losses are deferred and accumulated as a component of other comprehensive income in stockholders’ equity. Transaction gains and losses that arise from exchange rate fluctuations from transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are included in the statement of operations as incurred.

Investment in Equity Securities – The Company accounts for investments in equity securities in accordance with ASC 321, Investments—Equity Securities. Equity securities with readily determinable fair values are measured at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in net income or loss. Equity securities without readily determinable fair values are measured at cost, less impairment, if any, and adjusted for observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. The Company evaluates such investments at each reporting period for impairment or other observable transactions that would require adjustment. On February 28, 2025, the Company purchased $500,000 of equity securities. During the period ended March 31, 2025, the Company recorded a change in fair value of equity securities for $210,281 (see note 3). The investment in equity securities balance at March 31, 2025, was $710,281.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements – In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures,” which requires a public entity to disclose significant segment expenses and other segment items on an annual and interim basis and to provide in interim periods all disclosures about reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets that are currently required annually. ASU 2023-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted this ASU on July 1, 2024. The adoption of this ASU had no impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures,” which enhances the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures by requiring; (1) consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation and (2) income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. It also includes certain other amendments to improve the effectiveness of income tax disclosures. ASU 2023-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025, with early adoption permitted. These amendments are to be applied prospectively, with retrospective application permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this standard will have on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

The Company currently believes there are no other issued and not yet effective accounting standards that are materially relevant to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 2 — GOING CONCERN

The Company’s consolidated financial statements are prepared using the generally accepted accounting principles applicable to a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and liquidation of liabilities in the normal course of business. However, the Company has incurred substantial recurring losses from continuing operations, has used cash in the Company’s continuing operations, and is dependent on additional financing to fund operations. The Company incurred a net income (loss) of $189,176 and $(51,275,253) for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2025, respectively. As of March 31, 2025, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $923,002 and an accumulated deficit of $383,730,334 and a working capital deficit of $25,173,586. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for one year after the date the financial statements are issued. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue in existence.

9

Management has reduced overhead and administrative costs by streamlining the organization to focus around the development and validation of its AI-driven cancer diagnostics platform. The Company has tailored its workforce to focus on these activities. In addition, the Company intends to secure additional required funding through equity or debt financing. However, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to obtain any sources of funding. Such additional funding may not be available or may not be available on reasonable terms, and, in the case of equity financing transactions, could result in significant additional dilution to our stockholders. If we do not obtain required additional equity or debt funding, our cash resources will be depleted and we could be required to materially reduce or suspend operations, which would likely have a material adverse effect on our business, stock price and our relationships with third parties with whom we have business relationships, at least until additional funding is obtained. If we do not have sufficient funds to continue operations, we could be required to seek bankruptcy protection or other alternatives that could result in our stockholders losing some or all of their investment in us.

Funding that we may receive during the fiscal year 2025 is expected to be used to satisfy existing and future obligations and liabilities and working capital needs, to support commercialization of our products, to conduct the clinical and regulatory work to develop our product candidates, and to begin building working capital reserves.

NOTE 3 — FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The Company accounts for fair value measurements for financial assets and financial liabilities in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements”. The authoritative guidance among other things, defines fair value, establishes a consistent framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosure for each major asset and liability category measured at fair value on either a recurring or nonrecurring basis. Fair value is defined as the exit price, representing the amount that would either be received to sell an asset or be paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, the guidance establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

| ● | Level 1. Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

| ● | Level 2. Inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and

| ● | Level 3. Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.

There were no Level 2 and 3 assets, or any Level 1 or 2 liabilities as of March 31, 2025.

Unless otherwise disclosed, the fair value of the Company’s financial instruments including cash, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses, accounts payable, accrued expenses, lease obligations and notes payable approximate their recorded values due to their short-term maturities.

Level 1 assets held as of March 31, 2025, consisted of an investment in equity securities related to an extension agreement entered on February 28, 2024. The Company purchased 467,290 shares of common stock at a purchase price of $1.07 per share. The investment in equity securities was recorded at a fair value of $500,000 at the time of purchase and is subsequently remeasured to fair value at the end of each reporting period. As of March 31, 2025, the Company held 467,290 shares of common stock in connection with the investment in equity securities.

Level 3 liabilities held as of March 31, 2025, consisted of a contingent consideration liability related to the February 13, 2024 acquisition of Renovaro Cube, (the “Acquisition”). As consideration for the Acquisition, the stockholders of Renovaro Cube received (i) 70,834,183 shares of Common Stock, and (ii) the right to receive up to 11,899,545 contingent shares pro rata upon the exercise of convertible notes, options, and warrants, which were outstanding at closing. The contingent consideration liability was recorded at fair value of $20,557,500 at the time of the Acquisition and is subsequently remeasured to fair value at the end of each reporting period. As of March 31, 2025, there were 2,775,650 contingent shares issuable in connection with the Acquisition.

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The Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on recurring bases as of March 31, 2025 were as follows:

Schedule of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on recurring bases |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
|  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment in equity securities |  |  | 710,281 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total assets at fair value |  | $ | 710,281 |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contingent consideration |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,320,000 |
Total liabilities at fair value |  | $ | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 1,320,000 |

The fair value of the contingent consideration liability is estimated using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model and a Monte-Carlo option pricing model. The key inputs to the model are all contractual or observable with the exception being volatility, which is computed based on the volatility of the Company’s underlying stock. The key inputs to valuing the contingent consideration liability as of March 31, 2025, were:

Schedule of contingent consideration liability |  |  |  |
Stock Price |  | $ | 0.54 |
Exercise Price |  |  | $0.46 - $8.23 |
Volatility |  |  | 123.1% - 157.4% |
Risk Free Rate |  |  | 3.82% - 4.09% |
Expected Dividends |  |  | 0 | %
Expected Term (years) |  |  | 2.91 – 8.75 |

The following table sets forth the Level 3 liability at March 31, 2025, which is recorded on the consolidated balance sheet at fair value on a recurring basis. As required, this liability is classified based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The roll forward of contingent consideration liability is as follows:

Schedule of contingent consideration liability |  |  |  |  |
Balance June 30, 2024 |  |  | $ | 12,310,000 |
|  |  |  | — |
Fair value adjustment |  |  |  | (10,990,000 | )
Fair Value at March 31, 2025 |  |  | $ | 1,320,000 |

NOTE 4 — INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND GOODWILL

On February 13, 2024, the Company acquired Renovaro Cube as a wholly owned subsidiary pursuant to a stock purchase agreement. As part of the acquisition of Renovaro Cube, the Company acquired goodwill valued at $159,464,039.

Impairment – During the nine months ended March 31, 2025, the results of the assessment indicated that the carrying value of the RENC reporting unit exceeded its fair value, due to the decline in the estimated fair value of the reporting unit based on the Company’s market capitalization. Management concluded the significant driver for the change in the economic benefits was due to the Company’s continued inability to raise capital for the further development of the technologies within this reporting unit. Therefore, an impairment adjustment of $47,614,729 was recorded for the period ended March 31, 2025.

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At March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024, definite-life and indefinite-life intangible assets consisted of the following:

Schedule of definite-life and indefinite-life intangible assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Useful Life |  | June 30, 2024 |  | Additions |  | Amortization |  | Impairment |  | Translation Adjustment |  | March 31, 2025
Definite Life Intangible Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Patents |  | 20 Years |  | $ | 284,977 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,103 |  |  | $ | 287,080 |
Less Accumulated Amortization |  |  |  |  | (254,934 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (7,326 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (8,648 | ) |  |  | (270,908 | )
Net Definite-Life Intangible Assets |  |  |  | $ | 30,043 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (7,326 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (6,545 | ) |  | $ | 16,172 |
Goodwill |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Goodwill |  |  |  |  | 159,330,161 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (47,614,729 | ) |  |  | 926,840 |  |  |  | 112,642,272 |
Total Goodwill |  |  |  | $ | 159,330,161 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (47,614,729 | ) |  | $ | 926,840 |  |  | $ | 112,642,272 |

Expected future amortization expense is as follows:

Schedule of expected future amortization expense |  |  |  |  |
Years ended June 30, |  |
2025 |  |  | $ | 4,043 |
2026 |  |  |  | 4,043 |
2027 |  |  |  | 4,043 |
2028 |  |  |  | 4,043 |
Total |  |  | $ | 16,172 |

NOTE 5 — DEBT

Convertible Notes Payable —

The January 2024 Note — On January 12, 2024, the Company entered into Subscription Agreements with an investor to issue a Convertible Promissory Note for an aggregate principal amount of $125,000 (the “January 2024 Note”). The Company received a total of $125,000 in gross proceeds. The January 2024 Note bears an interest rate of 12% per annum and matured on December 29, 2024. The Company is required to pay interest quarterly, in arrears, in cash, on the first day of each quarter of each year following the issue date prior to the maturity of the January 2024 Note. The January 2024 Note is convertible either at the option of the holder or automatically upon maturity into shares of the Company’s Common Stock at the Note Conversion Price of $3.38.

December 2023 Notes — On December 20, 2023, the Company entered into Subscription Agreements to purchase Convertible Promissory Notes for an aggregate principal amount of $120,000 (the “December 2023 Notes”). The Company received a total of $120,000 from the private placement between December 2023 and January 2024. The December 2023 Notes bear an interest rate of 12% per annum and matured one year after their respective dates of issuance (the “Maturity Date”). The Company is required to pay interest quarterly, in arrears, in cash, on the first day of each quarter of each year following the issue date prior to the maturity of the December 2023 Notes. Notwithstanding the immediately foregoing, at the option of the holder, interest may accrue on the December Notes on a quarterly basis. The December 2023 Notes are convertible into shares of the Company’s Common Stock in whole or in part at any time and from time to time, after the original issue date and prior to the Maturity Date, at a conversion price of $3.38 per share.

The January 2024 Note and December 2023 Notes balance at March 31, 2025 was $245,000.

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Notes Payable —

Bridge Loans — From October 21, 2024 to January 24, 2025, the Company entered into agreements with Paseco ApS, a Danish entity controlled by a shareholder (“Paseco ApS”), to issue Promissory Notes for the principal amount of $2,650,000. The Company received $2,650,000 in gross proceeds. The notes bear an interest rate of 10% per annum and mature from December 31, 2024 to December 31, 2025. Approximately $700,000 matured on December 31, 2024, $900,000 matured on December 31, 2025 and $1,050,000 matured on January 31, 2025. On February 24, 2025, Paseco ApS assigned 50% of its ownership rights to Laksya Ventures Inc. with all terms remaining unchanged. The note balance at March 31, 2025, was $2,650,000 with Paseco ApS and Laksya Ventures Inc. each holding $1,325,000.

From November 12, 2024 to December 3, 2024, Renovaro Cube entered into an agreement with Paseco ApS, a Danish entity controlled by a shareholder (“Paseco ApS”), to issue Promissory Notes for the principal amount of €500,000. The note bears an interest rate of 10% per annum and matures on December 1, 2025. During the period ended March 31, 2025 approximately €50,000 was reclassed to accounts payable. On February 24, 2025 Paseco ApS assigned 50% of its ownership rights to Laksya Ventures Inc. with all terms remaining unchanged. The note balance at March 31, 2025 was approximately $490,000 with Paseco ApS and Laksya Ventures Inc. each holding $245,000.

On November 1, 2024, Renovaro Cube entered into an agreement with Yalla Yalla Limited, an investor to issue a Promissory Note for the amount of approximately €230,000. The note bears an interest rate of 10% per annum and matured on February 24, 2025. The note balance at March 31, 2025 was approximately $238,000.

On September 16, 2024, the Company entered into an agreement with RS Bio ApS, a Danish entity controlled by a shareholder (“RS Bio”), to issue a Promissory Note for the principal amount of $100,000 (the “September 2024 Note”). The Company received $100,000 in gross proceeds. The note bears an interest rate of 12% per annum and matured on December 31, 2024. On February 24, 2025 RS Bio assigned its ownership rights to Rene Sindlev with all terms remaining unchanged. The note balance at March 31, 2025 was $100,000.

On September 6, 2024, Renovaro Cube entered into an agreement with Paseco ApS, a Danish entity controlled by a shareholder (“Paseco ApS”), to issue a Promissory Note for the principal amount of €50,000. The note bears an interest rate of 12% per annum and matures on September 9, 2025. On February 24, 2025 Paseco ApS assigned 50% of its ownership rights to Laksya Ventures Inc. with all terms remaining unchanged. The note balance at March 31, 2025 was approximately $57,000 with Paseco ApS and Laksya Ventures Inc. each holding $28,500.

On February 5, 2024, the Company entered into an agreement with RS Bio to issue a 5% Original Issue Discount Secured Promissory Note for the principal amount of $105,263 (the “February 2024 Note”). The Company received $100,000 in gross proceeds after taking into account the 5% original issue discount. The note bears an interest rate of 12% per annum and matured on December 31, 2024. On February 24, 2025 RS Bio assigned its ownership rights to Rene Sindlev with all terms remaining unchanged. The note balance, net of discount at March 31, 2025 was $105,263.

On January 2, 2024, the Company entered into an agreement with RS Bio to issue a 5% Original Issue Discount Secured Promissory Note for the principal amount of $526,315. The Company received a total of $500,000 in gross proceeds after taking into account the 5% original issue discount. The note bears an interest rate of 12% per annum and matured on December 31, 2024. On February 24, 2025 RS Bio assigned its ownership rights to Rene Sindlev with all terms remaining unchanged. The note balance, net of discount at March 31, 2025 was $526,315.

On November 3, 2023, the Company entered into an agreement with RS Bio to issue a 5% Original Issue Discount Promissory Note for the principal amount of $1,000,000. The Company received a total of $950,000 in gross proceeds after taking into account the 5% original issue discount. The discount of $50,000 will be accreted over the life of the note. The note bears an interest rate of 12% per annum and matured on December 31, 2024. On February 24, 2025 RS Bio assigned its ownership rights to Rene Sindlev with all terms remaining unchanged. The note balance, net of discount at March 31, 2025 was $750,000.

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Promissory Note — On March 30, 2020 (the “Issuance Date”), the Company issued a Promissory Note in the principal amount of $5,000,000 (the “Promissory Note”) to Paseco ApS. There have been eight amendments to the Promissory Note since the issuance date, the most recent of which is dated August 1, 2024. The principal amount of the Promissory Note, as amended, was payable on November 1, 2024 (the “Maturity Date”). The Promissory Note, as amended, bears interest at a fixed rate of 12% per annum. On February 24, 2025 Paseco ApS assigned its ownership rights to Rene Sindlev with all terms remaining unchanged. The Promissory Note balance at March 31, 2025 is $831,497.

The Company’s obligations under the Promissory Note, November 2023 Note, January 2024 Note, February 2024 Note and the September 2024 Note are secured by a Security Agreement. To secure the Company’s obligations under the Promissory Note, the Company entered into a Security Agreement with the Holder, pursuant to which the Company granted a lien on all assets of the Company (the “Collateral”) for the benefit of Paseco ApS. Upon an Event of Default (as defined in the notes, respectively) Paseco ApS may, among other things, collect or take possession of the Collateral, proceed with the foreclosure of the security interest in the Collateral or sell, lease, or dispose of the Collateral.

NOTE 6 — STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park Capital

On June 20, 2023, the Company entered into a purchase agreement (the “2023 Purchase Agreement”) with Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC (“Lincoln Park”), pursuant to which the Company may sell and issue to Lincoln Park, and Lincoln Park is obligated to purchase, up to $20,000,000 of shares of Common Stock over the 36-month term of the 2023 Purchase Agreement. Concurrently with entering into the 2023 Purchase Agreement, the Company also entered into a registration rights agreement with Lincoln Park, pursuant to which it agreed to provide Lincoln Park with certain registration rights related to the shares issued under the 2023 Purchase Agreement.

In consideration for entering into the 2023 Purchase Agreement, the Company issued 696,021 shares of Common Stock to Lincoln Park as a commitment fee on June 20, 2023.

During the quarter ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, no shares of Common Stock to Lincoln Park were sold under the Purchase Agreement.

Common Stock Issuances

On June 14, 2024, Renovaro Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”) closed a private placement of 5,315,215 of the Company’s units, each such Unit consisting of (i) one share of the Company’s Common Stock and (ii) one common stock purchase warrant to purchase one-tenth of a share of Common Stock, with certain investors (the “June 2024 Private Placement”). Related to the June 2024 Private Placement, ranging from July 3, 2024, to October 10, 2024, the Company sold 1,613,596 Units at a price per Unit equal to $1.4726 to a certain investor who paid in cash an aggregate amount of $2,376,181 in consideration of the Units.

On August 1, 2024, the Company issued 2,000,000 shares of Common Stock for consulting services valued at $1,400,000.

On October 14, 2024, the Company issued 250,000 shares of Common Stock to its Chief Executive Officer valued at $137,500.

On October 14, 2024, the Company issued 500,000 shares of Common Stock for consulting services valued at $275,000.

On October 17, 2024, the Company issued 160,000 shares of Common Stock for consulting services valued at $118,400.

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On January 21, 2025, the Company issued 250,000 shares of Common Stock to its Chief Executive Officer of Renovaro Cube valued at $177,500.

Beginning February 24, 2025, the Company entered into a public equity offering. (see Note 7 – Commitment and Contingencies).

Stock-based Compensation

The Company recognizes compensation costs for stock option awards to employees and directors based on their grant-date fair value. The value of each stock option is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The weighted-average assumptions used to estimate the fair values of the stock options granted using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model are as follows in the nine months ended March 31, 2025:

Schedule of weighted-average assumptions used to estimate the fair values of the stock options granted |  |  |  |
|  | Renovaro Inc.
Expected term (in years) |  |  | 5.5 - 7.5 |
Volatility |  |  | 109.45% - 118.99 | %
Risk free interest rate |  |  | 3.86% - 4.40 | %
Dividend yield |  |  | 0 | %

On August 23, 2024, Avram Miller, a former member of the Company’s board of directors (the “Board of Directors”), forfeited 833,333 shares of Common Stock from the original 1,000,000 shares of Common Stock for advisory services originally granted to him on October 11, 2023. As consideration for such forfeiture, the Company granted to Mr. Miller, an option to purchase 978,261 shares of Common Stock of the Company with a per-share exercise price of, $0.69. The Company determined that this transaction represented a modification of the original award. The Company measured the fair value of the options issued as compared to the fair value of the original issuance and determined that there was no incremental compensation to recognize as the fair value of the options was less than the fair value of the Common Stock. Therefore, the Company will recognize the remaining fair value of the original award over the remaining vesting period, which is one year. The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense of $847,082 related to the vesting of the stocks options during the period ended March 31, 2025. At March 31, 2025, the Company had $497,761 of unrecognized compensation cost related to the options which vest at August 23, 2025.

On October 14, 2024, the Company issued 1,600,000 stock options to its Chief Executive Officer. The options had a fair value of $731,200, fully vest on January 1, 2027 and expire on October 14, 2034.

On November 4, 2024, the Company issued 362,904 stock options to its board of directors. The options had a fair value of $190,525 on the grant date, fully vest on October 14, 2025 and expire on November 4, 2034.

On November 4, 2024, the Company issued 58,500 stock options to its former interim Chief Financial Officer. The options had a fair value of $31,005 on the grant date, fully vest on January 6, 2025 and expire on November 4, 2034. Subsequently, during the period ended March 31, 2025, pursuant to the Company’s executive officer compensation claw back policy, the board of directors directed the Company to claw back and cancel the 58,500 options which were issued on November 4, 2024.

On January 21, 2025, the Company issued 250,000 stock options to the Chief Financial Officer of Renovaro Cube. The options had a fair value of $151,750 on the grant date, fully vest on January 6, 2027, and expire on January 21, 2035.

On January 21, 2025, the Company issued 1,000,000 stock options to its board of directors. The options had a fair value of $593,000 on the grant date, fully vest on December 30, 2029, and expire on January 21, 2035.

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In total, the Company recognized stock-based compensation expense related to options of $263,631 and $1,179,940 for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2025, respectively. The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense related to options of $1,326,592 and $2,775,793 for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2024, respectively. At March 31, 2025, the Company had approximately $1,338,933 of unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested options.

Warrants

The Company recognizes compensation costs for warrants non-employees based on their grant-date fair value. The value of each warrant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The weighted-average assumptions used to estimate the fair values of the warrants granted using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model are as follows in the nine months ended March 31, 2025:

Schedule of Black-Scholes option-pricing model |  |
|  | Renovaro Inc.
Expected term (in years) |  |  | 0.50 |
Volatility |  |  | 162.35 | %
Risk free interest rate |  |  | 4.40 | %
Dividend yield |  |  | 0 | %

On February 24, 2025, the Company issued 3,175,000 warrants to Paseco ApS. The company recognized stock-based compensation related to warrants of $1,235,538 in the period ended March 31, 2025. At March 31, 2025, the Company had zero unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested warrants.

NOTE 7 — COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Commitments

On January 31, 2020, the Company entered into a Statement of Work and License Agreement (the “HBV License Agreement”) by and among the Company, G Tech Bio, LLC, a California limited liability company (“G Tech”), and G Health Research Foundation, a not-for-profit entity organized under the laws of California doing business as Seraph Research Institute (“SRI”) (collectively the “Licensors”), whereby the Company acquired a perpetual, sublicensable, exclusive license (the “HBV License”) for a treatment under development (the “Treatment”) aimed to treat Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infections.

The HBV License Agreement states that in consideration for the HBV License, the Company shall provide cash funding for research costs and equipment and certain other in-kind funding related to the Treatment over a 24-month period, and provides for an up-front payment of $1.2 million within 7 days of January 31, 2020, along with additional payments upon the occurrence of certain benchmarks in the development of the technology set forth in the HBV License Agreement, in each case subject to the terms of the HBV License Agreement. Additionally, the HBV License Agreement provides for cooperation related to the development of intellectual property related to the Treatment and for a 2% royalty to G Tech on any net sales that may occur under the HBV License. On February 6, 2020, the Company paid the $1.2 million up-front payment. The HBV License Agreement contains customary representations, warranties, and covenants of the parties with respect to the development of the Treatment and the HBV License.

The cash funding for research costs pursuant to the HBV License Agreement consisted of monthly payments amounting to $144,500 that covered scientific staffing resources to complete the project as well as periodic payments for materials and equipment needed to complete the project. There were no payments made after January 31, 2022. The Company paid zero under the HBV License Agreement during the quarters ending March 31, 2025, and 2024. The Company has filed a claim against the Licensors, which includes certain payments it made related to this license (see Contingencies sub-section below).

On April 18, 2021, the Company entered into a Statement of Work and License Agreement (the “License Development Agreement”), by and among the Company, G Tech and SRI (collectively, the “Licensors”), whereby the Company acquired a perpetual sublicensable, exclusive license (the “Development License”) to research, develop, and commercialize certain formulations which were aimed at preventing and treating pan-coronavirus or the potential combination of the pan-coronavirus and pan-influenza, including the SARS-coronavirus that causes COVID-19 and pan-influenza (the “Prevention and Treatment”).

The Development License Agreement was entered into pursuant to the existing Framework Agreement between the parties dated November 15, 2019. The Development License Agreement states that in consideration for the Development License, the Company shall provide cash funding for research costs and equipment and certain other in-kind funding related to the Prevention and Treatment over a 24-month period. Additionally, the Development License Agreement provides for an up-front payment of $10,000,000 and a $760,000 payment for expenditures to date prior to the effective date related to research towards the Prevention and Treatment within 60 days of April 18, 2021. The Development License Agreement provides for additional payments upon the occurrence of certain benchmarks in the development of the technology set forth in the Development License Agreement, in each case subject to the terms of the Development License Agreement.

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The Development License Agreement provides for (i) cooperation related to the development of intellectual property related to the Prevention and Treatment and (ii) a 3% royalty to G Tech on any net sales that may occur under the Development License Agreement. The Company is no longer pursuing any product candidates that relate to this license. The Company has filed a claim against the Licensors to recover all monies it paid related to this license (see Contingencies below).

On August 25, 2021, the Company entered into an ALC Patent License and Research Funding Agreement in the HIV Field (the “ALC License Agreement”) with Serhat Gümrükcü and SRI (collectively, the “Licensors”) whereby the Licensors granted the Company an exclusive, worldwide, perpetual, fully paid-up, royalty-free license, with the right to sublicense, proprietary technology subject to a U.S. patent application, to make, use, offer to sell, sell or import products for use solely for the prevention, treatment, amelioration of or therapy exclusively for HIV in humans, and research and development exclusively relating to HIV in humans; provided the Licensors retained the right to conduct HIV research in the field. Pursuant to the ALC License Agreement, the Company granted a non-exclusive license back to the Licensors, under any patents or other intellectual property owned or controlled by the Company, to the extent arising from the ALC License, to make, use, offer to sell, sell or import products for use in the diagnosis, prevention, treatment, amelioration or therapy of any (i) HIV Comorbidities and (ii) any other diseases or conditions outside the HIV Field. The Company made an initial payment to SRI of $600,000 and agreed to fund future HIV research conducted by the Licensors, as mutually agreed to by the parties. On September 10, 2021, pursuant to the ALC License Agreement, the Company paid the initial payment of $600,000.

G Tech and SRI are controlled by Anderson Wittekind, a stockholder of the Company.

Service Agreements –The Company maintains employment agreements with certain senior staff in the ordinary course of business.

Contingencies

Securities Class Action Litigation. On July 26, 2022 and July 28, 2022, securities class action complaints (the former, the “Chow Action” and the latter, the “Manici Action”) and together, the “Securities Class Action Litigation”) were filed by purported stockholders of the Company in the United States District Court for the Central District of California against the Company and certain of the Company’s current and former officers and directors. The complaints allege, among other things, that the defendants violated Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Rule 10b-5 thereunder, by making false and misleading statements and omissions of material fact in connection with the Company’s relationship with Serhat Gümrükcü and its commercial prospects. The complaints seek unspecified damages, interest, fees, and costs. On November 22, 2022, the Manici Action was voluntarily dismissed without prejudice, but the Chow action remains pending. On October 22, 2023, the Court appointed a lead plaintiff in the Chow Action. The lead plaintiff filed an amended complaint on December 15, 2023. The Company filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint on March 15, 2024. The Court denied the Company’s motion to dismiss on June 28, 2024. A mediation was held on September 17, 2024, after which the parties signed a stipulation of settlement, dated November 8, 2024. The plaintiff filed their motion for preliminary approval of the settlement on December 9, 2024. On December 18, 2024, the Company filed a notice of non-opposition to the motion for preliminary approval of the settlement. On January 7, 2025, the Court took the plaintiff’s motion for preliminary approval of the settlement under consideration without oral argument.

Federal Derivative Litigation. On September 22, 2022, Samuel E. Koenig filed a shareholder derivative action in the United States District Court for the Central District of California (the “Koenig Matter”). On January 19, 2023, John Solak filed a substantially similar shareholder derivative action in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware (the “Solak Matter”). Both derivative actions recite similar underlying facts as those alleged in the Securities Class Action Litigation. The actions, filed on behalf of the Company, name Serhat Gümrükcü and certain of the Company’s former directors as defendants. The actions also name the Company as a nominal defendant. The actions allege violations of Sections 14(a) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and also set out claims for breach of fiduciary duty, contribution and indemnification, aiding and abetting, and gross mismanagement. Plaintiffs do not quantify any alleged injury, but seek damages, disgorgement, restitution, and other costs and expenses. On January 24, 2023, the United States District Court for the Central District of California stayed the Koenig Matter pending resolution of the defendants’ anticipated motion to dismiss in the Securities Class Action Litigation. On April 4, 2023, the United States District Court for the District of Delaware stayed the Solak Matter pending resolution of the defendants’ anticipated motion to dismiss in the Securities Class Action Litigation. On June 28, 2024,

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the United States District Court for the Central District of California denied the defendants’ motion to dismiss the Securities Class Action Litigation. The Koenig Matter is currently stayed and the parties’ deadline to file a joint status report is July 11, 2025. On April 30, 2025, the court stayed the Solak Matter for ninety (90) days and the deadline for the parties to file a joint status report or further stay of the action is July 29, 2025. The defendants have not yet responded to the Koenig or Solak complaints. The Company intends to contest these matters but expresses no opinion as to the likelihood of favorable outcomes. Management is unable to determine the likelihood of a loss, including a possible range of losses, if any, arising from this matter as of the reporting date.

State Derivative Litigation. On October 20, 2022, Susan Midler filed a shareholder derivative action in the Superior Court of California, Los Angeles County, reciting similar underlying facts as those alleged in the Securities Class Action Litigation (the “Midler Matter”). The action, filed on behalf of the Company, names Serhat Gümrükcü and certain of the Company’s current and former directors as defendants. The action also names the Company as a nominal defendant. The action sets out claims for breaches of fiduciary duty, contribution and indemnification, aiding and abetting, and gross mismanagement. Plaintiff does not quantify any alleged injury, but seeks damages, disgorgement, restitution, and other costs and expenses. On January 20, 2023, the Court stayed the Midler matter pending resolution of the defendants’ anticipated motion to dismiss in the Securities Class Action Litigation. On June 28, 2024, the United States District Court for the Central District of California denied the defendants’ motion to dismiss the Securities Class Action Litigation. On April 29, 2025, the court stayed the Midler Matter for ninety (90) days. The parties’ deadline to file a joint status report in the Midler action is July 28, 2025. The defendants have not yet responded to the complaint. The Company intends to contest this matter but expresses no opinion as to the likelihood of a favorable outcome. Management is unable to determine the likelihood of a loss, including a possible range of losses, if any, arising from this matter as of the reporting date.

On October 21, 2022, the Company filed a Complaint in the Superior Court of the State of California for the County of Los Angeles against Serhat Gümrükcü, William Anderson Wittekind (“Wittekind”), G Tech Bio, SG & AW Holdings, LLC, and SRI (collectively, the “Defendants”). The Complaint alleges that the Defendants engaged in a “concerted, deliberate scheme to alter, falsify, and misrepresent to the Company the results of multiple studies supporting its Hepatitis B and SARS-CoV-2/influenza pipelines.” Specifically, “Defendants manipulated negative results to reflect positive outcomes from various studies, and even fabricated studies out of whole cloth.” As a result of the Defendants’ conduct, the Company claims that it “paid approximately $25 million to Defendants and third-parties that it would not otherwise have paid.” On April 21, 2023, defendants Wittekind, G Tech, SG & AW Holdings, LLC, and SRI filed a demurrer with respect to some, but not all, of the Company’s claims, as well as a motion to strike. On September 6, 2023, the court denied in part and granted in part the pending motions.

On December 4, 2023, the Defendants answered the Company’s First Amended Complaint and G Tech and SRI filed a Cross-Complaint. In the Cross-Complaint, G Tech and SRI seek declaratory and injunctive relief related to certain agreements between G Tech, SRI, and the Company, including, inter alia, a declaration that the Framework Agreement, effective as of November 15, 2019, the Statement of Work & License Agreement, effective as of January 31, 2020, and the Statement of Work and License Agreement for Influenza and Coronavirus Indications, effective as of April 18, 2021, have been terminated and the Company has no rights to any license under such agreements.

Trial was scheduled to begin on March 3, 2025. On November 14, 2024, the court vacated the March 3, 2025 trial date and set a trial setting conference for May 1, 2025. At the May 1, 2025 trial setting conference, the court reset the trial to begin on November 30, 2026. Discovery remains ongoing. The Company denies the allegations in Defendants’ cross claims and intends to vigorously defend against them while pursuing its claims against the Defendants.

On March 1, 2021, the Company’s former Chief Financial Officer, Robert Wolfe and his company, Crossfield, Inc., filed a Complaint in the U.S. District Court for the District of Vermont against the Company, Renovaro Biosciences Denmark ApS, and certain directors and officers. In the Complaint, Mr. Wolfe and Crossfield, Inc. asserted claims for abuse of process and malicious prosecution, alleging, inter alia, that the Company lacked probable cause to file and prosecute an earlier action, and sought millions of dollars of compensatory damages, as well as punitive damages. The allegations in the Complaint relate to an earlier action filed by the Company and Renovaro Biosciences Denmark ApS in the Vermont Superior Court, Orange Civil Division. On March 3, 2022, the court partially granted the Company’s motion to dismiss, dismissing the abuse of process claim against all defendants and all claims against Mark Dybul and Henrik Grønfeldt-Sørensen, the Company’s former Chief Executive Officer and former member of the Board of Directors, respectively. On November 29, 2022, the Company filed a motion for summary judgment with respect to the sole remaining claim of malicious prosecution. On August 24, 2023, the court denied the motion for summary judgment.

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On or about April 16, 2025, the parties entered into a confidential settlement agreement. The confidential settlement agreement requires certain events to occur within 45 days and 60 days and, accordingly, the court has entered a 65-day dismissal nisi. Unless a party moves to reopen within the 65-day period, the action will be dismissed with prejudice.

On June 7, 2023, Weird Science LLC (“Weird Science”), Wittekind, the William Anderson Wittekind 2020 Annuity Trust, the William Anderson Wittekind 2021 Annuity Trust, the Dybul 2020 Angel Annuity Trust, and the Ty Mabry 2021 Annuity Trust (collectively, the “Trusts”) (collectively, “Plaintiffs”) filed a Verified Complaint against the Company in the Court of Chancery of Delaware. In the Verified Complaint, Plaintiffs alleged that the Company breached the February 16, 2018 Investor Rights Agreement between the Company, Weird Science, and RS Group ApS (the “Investor Rights Agreement”). According to the Verified Complaint, the Investor Rights Agreement required the Company to (i) notify all “Holders” of “Registrable Securities” at least 30 days prior to filing a registration statement and (ii) afford such Holders an opportunity to have their Registrable Securities included in such registration statement. Plaintiffs alleged that the Company breached these registration rights by failing to provide the required notice in connection with S-3 registration statements filed by the Company on July 13, 2020 and February 11, 2022. The Company moved to dismiss the Verified Complaint on September 15, 2023.

On December 4, 2023, in lieu of opposing the motion to dismiss, Plaintiffs filed a Verified First Amended Complaint (“FAC”). In the FAC, Plaintiffs assert claims against the Company and others for purported breaches of the Investor Rights Agreement, fraud, tortious interference with a contract, and several other torts. Plaintiffs seek compensatory, exemplary, and punitive damages, as well as certain declaratory relief, specific performance, and pre- and post-judgment interest, costs, and attorneys’ fees. The Company filed a motion to dismiss the FAC on December 18, 2023 and the court held a hearing on November 15, 2024. At the hearing, the court dismissed (1) all claims brought on behalf of Wittekind and the Trusts, (2) the fraudulent concealment claim against the Company and others (without prejudice), and (3) the breach of contract claim against the Company related to a registration statement that was not filed in 2023. At the hearing, the court also found that punitive damages were not available to Plaintiffs. The court took the remaining issues briefed on the Company’s motion to dismiss under advisement. On February 26, 2025, the court ruled on the balance of the claims against the Company and (1) denied the Company’s motion to dismiss Weird Science’s breach of contract claims related to registration statements filed in 2020 and 2022; (2) dismissed the fraudulent inducement claim as time barred; and (3) dismissed the declaratory judgment claim. The Company denies Plaintiffs’ allegations and remaining claims and intends to vigorously defend against these claims.

On August 24, 2023, counsel on behalf of Weird Science, Wittekind, individually, and Wittekind, as trustee of the Trusts served a demand to inspect the Company’s books and records (the “Demand”) pursuant to Delaware General Corporation Law, § 220 (“Section 220”). The Demand seeks the Company’s books and records in connection with various issues identified in the Demand. The Company takes its obligations under Section 220 seriously and, to the extent that the requests are proper under Section 220, intends to comply with those obligations.

On January 19, 2024, Weird Science and Wittekind sent the Board of Directors a letter demanding it take corrective actions with respect to twenty-one issues identified therein. On February 27, 2024, Weird Science and Wittekind sent the Board of Directors a supplemental letter that expanded their demand for corrective actions to twenty-six issues. In response to these demand letters, the Board of Directors initially formed a Special Committee (“Special Committee”) of independent directors on February 29, 2024. The Special Committee retained Stradling Yocca Carlson & Rauth LLP as its counsel to investigate the issues identified in the demand letters. The Special Committee’s investigation is ongoing.

On January 23, 2024, Weird Science and Wittekind filed a shareholder derivative action in the United States District Court for the Central District of California against certain officers, directors, and investors of the Company, as well as other defendants, in connection with, inter alia, Weird Science and Wittekind’s demand for corrective action. Plaintiffs filed an amended complaint on June 21, 2024. The First Amended Verified Stockholder Derivative Complaint (“Derivative Complaint”) alleges, among other claims, violations of Section 13(d) and 14(a) and Rules 10b-5(a), 10b-5(c) and 14a-9 of the Exchange Act of 1934. The Derivative Complaint also includes claims of breach of fiduciary duty, corporate waste, unjust enrichment, and contribution/indemnification. Weird Science and Wittekind seek unspecified compensatory, exemplary, and punitive damages and certain injunctive relief. The Derivative Complaint names the Company as a nominal defendant. On July 19, 2024, certain of the director defendants, who had agreed to waive service of the summons and Derivative Complaint, filed a motion to dismiss the Derivative Complaint on a variety of procedural and substantive grounds. A hearing on the motion dismiss was held on October 3, 2024 and the court subsequently took the motion under submission. On October 22, 2024, the plaintiffs filed a notice of certain subsequent events that they allege relate to their pending motion to dismiss. On October 29, 2024, the court granted the director defendants’ motion to dismiss and dismissed the Derivative Complaint without prejudice, but also without leave to amend.

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On November 27, 2024, Weird Science and Wittekind filed a notice of appeal of the court’s decision granting the director defendants’ motion to dismiss. The appeal remains pending.

On June 21, 2024, the Company filed suit against Weird Science, Wittekind, and certain trusts in connection with the February 16, 2018 merger involving the Company and two companies closely associated with Gumrukcu. In the complaint, the Company alleges that Gumrukcu and others deliberately and fraudulently concealed a murder-for-hire scheme from the Company in order to induce the Company to enter into the merger agreement, which resulted in the defendants receiving shares and compensation. The Company asserts claims for fraudulent concealment, equitable fraud, unjust enrichment, and civil conspiracy and seeks, inter alia, equitable relief, including, but not limited to, return to the Company any shares received in connection with the merger, and damages. On October 1, 2024, the defendants moved to dismiss the complaint and a hearing has been scheduled for June 25, 2025.

Equity Contingencies

Between February 24, 2025 and March 25, 2025, the Company received gross proceeds of $3,000,000 from an investor participating in the equity offering of up to $15,000,000 made to a group of investors whereby each investor is to receive one Common Stock and one Warrant for every dollar invested. As of March 31, 2025, the equity offering had not yet closed. Pursuant to the terms of the offering, the investors retain the right to require the return of their funds in the event the offering does not close.

Because the closing of the offering has not occurred yet as of March 31, 2025, and the return of proceeds remains within the control of the investor, the Company has classified the $3,000,000 as a liability on its condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2025. The Company will reassess the classification of this amount in future periods based on the status of the offering and any changes to the related rights or obligations.

NOTE 8 — RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

As of March 31, 2025, the Company has accrued $384,949 of compensation related expenses for the Company’s former Chief Executive Officer, Mark Dybul, related to budget constraints.

On August 23, 2024, Avram Miller, a former member of the Board of Directors, forfeited 833,333 shares of Common Stock from the original 1,000,000 shares of Common Stock for advisory services originally granted to him on October 11, 2023. As consideration for such forfeiture, the Company granted to Mr. Miller, an option to purchase 978,261 shares of Common Stock of the Company with a per-share exercise price of $0.69. The Company determined that this transaction represented a modification of the original award. The Company measured the fair value of the options issued as compared to the fair value of the original issuance and determined that there was no incremental compensation to recognize as the fair value of the options was less than the fair value of the Common Stock. Therefore, the Company will recognize the remaining fair value of the original award over the remaining vesting period, which is one year. The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense of $847,082 related to the vesting of the stocks options during the period ended March 31, 2025. At March 31, 2025, the Company had $497,761 of unrecognized compensation cost related to the options which vest at August 23, 2025.

NOTE 9 — SEGMENT REPORTING

For the period ending March 31, 2025, the Company had two reportable segments. These segments have different strategic and economic goals and are managed separately because they require different technology and marketing strategies.

Reportable Segment |  | Description
RENB (United States) |  | Developing new immunotherapies to combat cancer
RENC (Netherlands) |  | Developing a predicative artificial intelligence based diagnostic methodology for the use of earlier cancer detection

The Company’s chief executive officer is the chief operating decision maker and reviews the internal management reports for each segment at least quarterly. During the period ending March 31, 2025, there were no significant inter-company revenues or expenses. The chief operating decision maker assesses performance for each segment and decides how to allocate resources based on segment operating losses that also is reported on the consolidated statement of operations. The measure of segment assets is reported on the balance sheet as total consolidated assets. The accounting policies of each segment are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies.

Schedule of segment operating loss and asset information |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Operating loss |  | Assets
United States |  | $ | 12,230,368 |  |  | $ | 4,506,640 |
Netherlands |  |  | 49,816,993 |  |  |  | 113,219,480 |
|  | $ | 62,047,361 |  |  | $ | 117,726,120 |

The chief operating decision maker uses loss from operations to evaluate the performance of each segment’s assets in deciding how to allocate available capital between segments. The chief operating decision maker also uses loss from operations in their competitive analysis by benchmarking the Company’s competitors. The competitive analysis along with the monitoring of budgeted versus actual results are used in assessing the performance of the segment.

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Information regarding each reportable segment for the three months ended March 31, 2025, is as follows:

Schedule of information regarding segment reporting |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | RENB |  | RENC |  | Total
General and administrative |  | $ | 3,560,642 |  |  | $ | 663,948 |  |  | $ | 4,224,590 |
Research and development |  |  | (94,073 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (94,073 | )
Goodwill impairment |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 30,497 |  |  |  | 1,478 |  |  |  | 31,975 |
Segment operating loss |  | $ | 3,497,066 |  |  | $ | 665,426 |  |  | $ | 4,162,492 |

Information regarding each reportable segment for the nine months ended March 31, 2025, is as follows:

|  | RENB |  | RENC |  | Total
General and administrative |  | $ | 11,690,043 |  |  | $ | 2,188,920 |  |  | $ | 13,878,963 |
Research and development |  |  | 448,697 |  |  |  | 8,503 |  |  |  | 457,200 |
Goodwill impairment |  |  | — |  |  |  | 47,614,729 |  |  |  | 47,614,729 |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 91,628 |  |  |  | 4,841 |  |  |  | 96,469 |
Segment operating loss |  | $ | 12,230,368 |  |  | $ | 49,816,993 |  |  | $ | 62,047,361 |

Geographic information:

RENB and RENC are managed on a worldwide basis but operate in offices located in the United Stated and the Netherlands, respectively. The geographic information analyses the Company’s operations and assets based on the country in which each segment operates. In presenting this geographic information, segment operating results have been based on the geographic location in which the services were provided to the segment and segment assets were based on the geographic location of the assets.

NOTE 10 — ACQUISITION

On September 28, 2023, the Company, entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with GEDi Cube Intl Ltd., a private company formed under the laws of England and Wales (“GEDi Cube”) to acquire 100% of the equity interests of GEDi Cube from its equity holders (the “Sellers”). On September 28, 2023, the Board of Directors of the Company, and the board of managers of GEDi Cube unanimously approved the Purchase Agreement and on January 25, 2024, the shareholders of the Company approved the issuance of the shares of Common Stock pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. On February 13, 2024 (the “Closing Date”), the Company consummated the acquisition of GEDi Cube and the other transactions contemplated by the Stock Purchase Agreement (collectively, the “Transaction”). As a result of the Transaction, GEDi Cube became a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company.

Pursuant to the Stock Purchase Agreement, as of the Closing Date, the Company acquired all the issued and outstanding equity interests of GEDi Cube owned by the Sellers as of the Closing Date (each, a “GEDi Cube Share” and, collectively, the “GEDi Cube Shares”) in exchange for which each Seller was entitled to receive (i) as of the Closing Date, such Seller’s pro rata percentage of an aggregate of 70,834,183 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of the Company (“Common Stock”), which represents the 67,224,089 shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding as of the Closing Date (minus (a) 1 million shares of Common Stock previously issued to a consultant assisting with the Transaction and (b) 1 million shares of Common Stock previously issued to Avram Miller, a director of the Company, pursuant to his Advisory Agreement, dated October 11, 2023, by and between Mr. Miller and the Company) (the “Closing Consideration”) plus 5,610,100 shares of Common Stock representing the Seller’s Earnout Shares (defined below) resulting from the automatic conversion of the Company’s Series A Convertible Preferred and, (ii) following the Closing Date, such Seller’s pro rata percentage of the shares of Common Stock (the “Earnout Shares” and, together with the Closing Consideration, the “Exchange Consideration”) to be issued to the Sellers upon the exercise or conversion of any of the Company’s derivative securities (subject to certain exceptions) that are outstanding at the Closing Date (the “Closing Derivative Securities”). Each Seller’s pro rata percentage of the Exchange Consideration is equal to the ratio of the aggregate number of GEDi Cube Shares owned by such Seller divided by the aggregate number of GEDi Cube Shares issued and outstanding, in each case, as of the Closing Date.

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The transaction was accounted for in accordance with the provisions of ASC 805-10 - Business Combinations. As a result of the issuance of the Closing Consideration on the Closing Date and based on the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding as of the Closing Date, the Sellers held approximately 49% of the issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock immediately following the closing of the Transaction and the conversion of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock.

The assets acquired and liabilities assumed were initially recognized provisionally in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets at their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date. The fair values as of the acquisition date are based on information that existed as of the acquisition date. The Company completed its accounting for this acquisition during the period ended June 30, 2024. As a result of the completion of the Company’s analysis, the amount of provisional in-process research and development was determined to have a value of nil. Accordingly, the amount of goodwill recognized was increased to include the previously recognized provisional amount of in-process research and development. There was no impact to the Company’s consolidated statement of operations as a result of this change to the provisional allocation.

The acquisition-date fair value of the consideration transferred totaled approximately $156.6 million, which consisted of the following:

Schedule of acquisition date fair value |  |  |  |
Common stock |  | $ | 136,001,631 |
Contingent consideration |  |  | 20,557,500 |
Total consideration transferred |  | $ | 156,559,131 |

The fair value of the Company’s common shares issued as consideration was based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock as of the Acquisition Date. The fair value of the contingent consideration was based on the Sellers’ right to receive additional shares of common, pro rata, upon the exercise or conversion of warrants, options and convertible notes payables outstanding as of the Closing Date.

The following table details the provisional fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date:

Schedule of fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed |  |  |  |
Cash |  | $ | 65,851 |
Prepaid & Other Assets |  |  | 151,544 |
Fixed Assets |  |  | 16,243 |
Operating lease ROU |  |  | 624,366 |
Total Assets Acquired: |  |  | 858,004 |
Accounts Payable |  |  | 583,577 |
Accrued Expenses |  |  | 722,509 |
Operating Lease liability |  |  | 624,367 |
Notes Payable |  |  | 1,832,460 |
Total Liabilities Assumed |  |  | 3,762,913 |
Net Assets Acquired |  |  | (2,904,909 | )
Goodwill |  |  | 159,464,040 |
Total Consideration |  | $ | 156,559,131 |

The goodwill recognized is attributable primarily to expected synergies and the assembled workforce of Gedi Cube. None of the goodwill is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.

The fair values of the acquired tangible and intangible assets were determined using variations of the income approach. The income approach valuation methodology used for the intangible assets acquired makes use of Level 3 inputs.

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Consolidated unaudited pro forma information:

The following consolidated pro forma information assumes that the acquisition of Renovaro Cube took place on July 1, 2023 for the statement of operations for the nine month period ended March 31, 2024. These amounts have been estimated after applying the Company’s accounting policies:

Schedule of consolidated proforma information |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Three months ended March 31, 2024 |  | Nine months ended March 31, 2024
Revenues |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Net loss |  | $ | (15,842,575 | ) |  | $ | (67,967,173 | )

The unaudited pro forma results are presented for informational purposes only and are not necessarily indicative of what the actual results of operations would have been if the acquisition had occurred at the beginning of the period presented, nor are they indicative of future results of operations.

NOTE 11 — SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On February 26, 2025, Renovaro, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Renovaro”), entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with Renovaro Acquisition Sub, a Delaware corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of Renovaro (“Merger Sub”), and Biosymetrics, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Biosymetrics”), pursuant to which Renovaro agreed to acquire Biosymetrics pursuant to the merger of Merger Sub with and into Biosymetrics, with Biosymetrics as the surviving corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of Renovaro (the “Transaction”). On April 8, 2025, Renovaro consummated the Transaction and issued 15.0 million shares of Renovaro’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Shares”), to the former stockholders of Biosymetrics in accordance with the terms of the Merger Agreement.

The offer and sale of the Shares have not been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), in reliance on the exemption from registration requirements thereunder provided by Section 4(a)(2) thereof. Renovaro relied in part upon representations contained in the Merger Agreement that all those receiving Shares in connection with the Transaction are “accredited investors” as defined in Rule 501(a) under the Securities Act.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Forward-Looking Statement Notice

Certain statements made in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are “forward-looking statements” (within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995) regarding the plans and objectives of management for future operations. Such statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results, performance, or achievements of Renovaro Inc. (“Renovaro,” and together with its subsidiaries, the “Company”, “we” or “us”) to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements included herein are based on current expectations that involve numerous risks and uncertainties. Our actual future results and trends may differ materially depending on a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, the risks and uncertainties discussed in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K/A as filed with the SEC on February 19, 2025. The Company’s plans and objectives are based, in part, on assumptions involving the continued expansion of the business. Assumptions relating to the foregoing involve judgments with respect to, among other things, future economic, competitive and market conditions and future business decisions, all of which are difficult or impossible to predict accurately and many of which are beyond the control of the Company. Although the Company believes its assumptions underlying the forward-looking statements are reasonable, any of the assumptions could prove inaccurate and, therefore, there can be no assurance the forward-looking statements included in this Quarterly Report will prove to be accurate. In light of the significant uncertainties inherent in the forward-looking statements included herein, the inclusion of such information should not be regarded as a representation by the Company or any other person that the objectives and plans of the Company will be achieved.

Our Business

Renovaro Inc. operates through two subsidiaries, Renovaro Biosciences and Renovaro Cube. Renovaro Cube refers to Renovaro Cube Intl. Ltd. (formerly known as GediCube Intl. Ltd.) and its wholly owned subsidiaries GediCube, B.V. and Grace Systems B.V., which were acquired on February 13, 2024.

Renovaro Biosciences Overview

Renovaro Biosciences is a biotechnology company intending, if the necessary funding is obtained, to develop advanced allogeneic cell and gene therapies to promote stronger immune system responses potentially for long-term or life-long cancer remission in some of the deadliest cancers, and potentially to treat or cure serious infectious diseases such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infections. As a result of our acquisition of GEDi Cube Intl Ltd. on February 13, 2024, we have shifted the Company’s primary focus and resources to the development of the Renovaro Cube technologies.

Therapeutic Technologies

Renovaro Biosciences aims to train the immune system to allow a person to better fight diseases through allogeneic cell and/or gene therapy. Our vision is for a world with healthy longevity, and free from toxic chemotherapy, for those with cancer and other serious diseases. Renovaro Biosciences will seek to leverage general principles and advances in the knowledge of the immune response to engineer cells with enhanced attributes to promote the recognition and elimination of disease cells.

Allogeneic Cell Therapy

The strategic benefit of the allogeneic cell therapy technologies is to potentially allow for the manufacture of large, “off-the-shelf” banks of therapeutic cells that are readily available on demand by healthcare professionals, to potentially decrease the time between diagnosis and treatment.

In certain treatments (e.g., HIV and cancer), cells taken from healthy donors are engineered to introduce signaling molecules that are designed to enhance the ability of specific immune cells to recognize diseased cells, and to help recruit other cells that will destroy cancer or virus infected cells.

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Gene Therapy

Renovaro Biosciences may also seek to explore various approaches for gene therapy design elements to potentially eliminate virus-infected or cancer cells by the modulation of the patient’s immune system. Upon injecting into the patients, these genetically engineered allogeneic cells have little to no risk of passing those modifications to the patient since they are terminally differentiated with locked functionality to activate the host immune system. Gene modified allogeneic cells are expected to be rejected naturally once they activate the patient’s immune system therefore will have a very short survival time.

Renovaro Biosciences Focus Areas:

Oncology:

RENB-DC11: Genetically modified Allogeneic Dendritic Cell Therapeutic Vaccine as Potential Product for Long-term Remission of Solid Tumors; specifically Pancreatic tumors

Allogeneic Cell Therapy Platform – Completed pre-IND, IND-enabling phase.

Based on learnings from our internal research, literature reviews of ongoing clinical development for solid tumors, and recent advances in immune modulation, we have designed an innovative therapeutic vaccination platform that could potentially be used to induce life-long remission from some of the deadliest solid tumors such as pancreatic, liver, triple negative breast and head & neck cancers.

The platform may one day enable broad immune enhancements that are combined with cancer specific antigens that could be applicable to a wide range of solid tumors. This approach allows us to quickly adapt our approach to any patient solid tumor using the same banked allogenic drug substance.

RENB-DC20: Genetically modified Allogeneic Dendritic Cell Therapeutic Vaccine as Potential Treatment Product for Long-term Remission of Triple Negative Breast Cancer

Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer that is negative for estrogens receptor (ER) negative, progesterone receptor (PR) negative and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). TNBC is characterized by its unique molecular profile, aggressive nature, and distinct metastatic patterns that lack targeted therapies. TNBC is well known for its aggressive behavior and is characterized by onset at a younger age, high mean tumor size, and higher-grade tumors.

Based upon our internal research, literature reviews of ongoing clinical development for solid tumors, and recent advances in immune modulation, we believe we may have the ability to design an innovative therapeutic vaccination platform that could potentially be used to treat some of the deadliest and hard-to-treat solid tumors that include triple negative breast cancer.

Infectious Diseases:

RENB-HV12: Genetically Modified Allogeneic Dendritic Cell Therapeutic Vaccine as Potential Treatment Product for Long-term Remission of HIV; A Chronic Infectious Disease

The oncology therapeutic vaccine technology could potentially be adapted to target infectious disease antigens and be a viable therapeutic approach in difficult to treat chronic infectious diseases. As described above, the engineered allogenic dendritic cell drug substance is thought to be able to be loaded with various cancer antigens for specific solid tumors but could or may be loaded with infectious disease antigens to elicit a more robust immune response to viruses and other difficult to treat infections.

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Renovaro Cube Overview

Renovaro Cube is an AI-driven healthcare technology company focusing on the earliest possible detection of cancer and its recurrence. Renovaro Cube has developed a proprietary AI platform that analyzes genetics using Explainable AI (as defined below) to provide earlier and more accurate cancer diagnosis. This platform uses a multi-omics approach to search for individual biomarkers that are present even in asymptomatic patients. This approach is combined with differential molecular capabilities that are designed to identify, differentiate and pinpoint the exact source. Renovaro Cube’s process also involves the mining of biomarker panels, which are integrated into a machine learning library referred to as “RenovaroCube” to further enhance diagnosis.

Renovaro Cube also aims to utilize its proprietary AI platform in the development of commercial products to support clinical, research and pharmaceutical organizations that are trying to improve patient care through precision diagnosis, prediction of success of therapy, new drug discovery, treatment protocols or clinical trials. Specifically, Renovaro Cube is focused on developing products and services aimed at (i) early cancer characterization, (ii) personalized treatment selection, (iii) prediction and tracking response to therapies, (iv) recurrence detection and efficacy monitoring, and (v) ultimately, drug discovery.

Renovaro Cube was initially incorporated as Grace Systems B.V. (“Grace Systems”) in 2013 under the laws of the Netherlands to develop unique data mining algorithms to enable banking, finance and government entities to extract business insights from data. Grace Systems began applying its algorithms to biological data in 2018 to uncover cancer-associated patterns. Beginning in 2018, Grace Systems pivoted its platform to focus only on healthcare. Renovaro Cube has focused on developing its AI technology for early cancer detection.

Renovaro Cube has now focused on commercialization of its AI technology. Renovaro Cube believes that it has developed a unique approach to the early detection and diagnosis of cancer and its recurrence and, in time, other rare diseases through the systematic analysis of data using AI technologies, data mining procedures and algorithms for health technology.

Renovaro Cube’s technology has been trained on complex heterogeneous cancer data and appears to find patterns associated with cancer in public and private data resources. With the help of Renovaro Cube’s algorithms, discovered patterns may be translated into biomarkers that can be used in a clinical setting to target various aspects of cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Renovaro Cube’s Strategy

Renovaro Cube’s product development focuses on four core areas:

| ● | Early Detection. Multi-cancer early detection (“MCED”) blood tests are advanced diagnostic tools that analyze cell-derived molecules present in the bloodstream. These tests specifically look for abnormal genetic, epigenetic or proteomic patterns of these cell-derived molecules, which can indicate the presence of cancer cells. By examining the molecules shed from various cells, including cancer cells, MCED tests aim to detect cancer at an early stage. This approach holds promise for improving cancer detection and potentially saving lives.

| ● | Recurrence of cancer. A recurrence refers to the return of cancer after a period of remission. A cancer recurrence happens because, in spite of the efforts to kill the cancer, some cells may remain, which grow and eventually cause symptoms. In rare instances, a patient may develop a new cancer that’s completely unrelated to the originally diagnosed cancer, which is referred to as a second primary cancer. An early warning system could help to identify a recurrence as early as possible, thereby helping to accelerate any treatment and diagnosis. The different types of recurrence include:

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| o | Local recurrence, meaning that the cancer has returned in the same place it first started;

| o | Regional recurrence, meaning that the cancer has returned to the lymph nodes near the place it first started; and

| o | Distant recurrence, meaning the cancer has returned in another part of the body.

| ● | Response to treatment. At Renovaro Cube we aim to develop a new array of diagnostic products that can accurately identify patients that are going to respond or fail to a certain drug. In highly toxic therapies it will not only increase survival but will also reduce unnecessary exposure to chemotherapy. Furthermore, the costs for cancer drugs are usually very high. Providing the right therapy to the right patient will therefore significantly reduce the costs of medicine in cancer.

| ● | Clinical trials. Clinical trials involve a type of research that studies new tests and treatments and evaluates their effects on human health outcomes. People volunteer to take part in clinical trials to test medical interventions including drugs, cells and other biological products, surgical procedures, radiological procedures, devices, behavioral treatments and preventive care. Clinical trials are carefully designed, reviewed and completed, and need to be approved before they can start.

In response to these four core areas, the key components of Renovaro Cube’s product development are to build a software and hardware platform that:

| ● | Uses data science to develop novel insights into the characterization of diseases such as cancer. Renovaro Cube intends to apply its proprietary technology to biological data from multiple sources to enable the typification (or classification) of disease entities and sub-entities to provide insights about the nature and behavior of diseases to payers, providers, pharmaceutical companies and patients.

| ● | Enables more accurate diagnosis and earlier detection of cancer and other diseases with the goal of maximizing outcomes and minimizing the costs of treatment. Renovaro Cube intends to develop a system to understand the smallest fragments of cancer in the blood of the patient. Presently, Renovaro Cube is developing a product to analyze results from liquid biopsy run through an Oxford Nanopore Sequencer. We expect the Renovaro Cube product will subsequently identify, train and validate explainable biomarkers, panels and models on different molecular layers. Multiple models will be individually trained for optimal stratification through the entire health journey, ensuring the right accuracy for a therapeutic decision in every stage. Renovaro Cube will integrate different modalities and molecular data sources into a differential diagnostic report. Diagnostics and prognosis will be explainable with quality control reports and biomarker insights for different disciplines ensuring maximum trust and insight in medical decision making.

| ● | Assists in clinical trials with patient cohort selection and response tracking, to be used by companies like Renovaro Biosciences in their patient cohort selection for their clinical trials, by looking at which patients are reacting positively, negatively and have no reaction. This data becomes more important through the progression of the different phases of drug development, as more and more patients are added. Renovaro Cube will provide multi-omic data analysis, looking for specific changes in the patients that might indicate a change in their molecular make-up. This can then be used for the next phase of a clinical trial to look for the specific molecular data that has showed a positive reaction in the previous phase. It also provides insights for more effective response tracking, which Renovaro Cube believes is important to the providers of care as well as the development and evaluation of new pharmaceuticals and immune therapies in clinical trials. Patient response to treatment can be used to focus the target audience for drugs in development and in subsequent clinical practice. As Renovaro Cube collects more data, longitudinal about treatment and response, it will have the ability to train prognostic models to give an insight in disease progression and treatment response, both critical for enrolling in clinical trials and eventually every treatment. Because Renovaro Cube consists of many independently trained and validated models, it will have the ability to assist in virtually every therapeutic decision, for different subtypes and groups (stratifications). The multi-omics and multi-modal pipelines could allow the use of multiple combinations of tissue samples and diagnostic platforms. The detailed diagnostic reports will allow and support insights for multiple disciplines such as cancer biology, genomics and pathology to look at underpinning biomarkers, pathways and clinical annotations.

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| ● | Provides insight into patients who have had cancer previously. These insights will provide for more effective recurrence monitoring, which Renovaro Cube believes is important to the providers of care and patients during follow-up monitoring of remissions. Renovaro Cube anticipates that payers want to detect and re-treat recurrences at the earliest possible stage to maximize patients’ outcomes in terms of time and cost and that, similarly, patients with a recurrence are keen to re-engage with effective treatment at the earliest opportunity. A key aspect of this will be taking blood from the patients, sequencing this blood and running it through the Renovaro Cube platform which will identify if the patient has any indication of the recurrence of the same or a new cancer. For recurrence monitoring, Renovaro Cube will focus on a highly sensitive combination of lab and information technology. Lab protocols, sequence post processing and machine learning will all be designed, trained and validated to get the best signal with the highest sensitivity to catch early signals of recurrence. This will be done on a regular basis allowing surveillance analysis over time.

| ● | Includes biomarker panels that will be extended to include as many layers of genetic information (multi-omics) as possible including mutation, gene expression, methylation status, fragmentomics, nucleosome mapping, collectively named multi-omics, with the goal to reach the highest accuracy possible, both in terms of sensitivity and specificity of each individual biomarker panel. This provides a non-invasive alternative for the current complex, expensive and cumbersome procedures.

| ● | Create value through advancing more sophisticated typification of diseases in an effort to address some of the pressing problems faced by modern healthcare, including healthcare costs, an aging population and developments in medical technology that produce a stream of increasingly sophisticated treatments requiring more precise targeting.

One additional key focus of Renovaro Cube is its multi-modal, data analysis. Multi-modal data encompasses the whole aspect of data from a patient perspective, whether genomics, imaging, phenotypic or even wearable data, which can be cross analyzed to produce data that could not be previously produced. Renovaro Cube intends to use multi-modal data to bring new insights to the clinical and research teams trying to understand what to do next with the patient.

Renovaro Cube’s Technology and Techniques

Renovaro Cube is dedicated to the development of early cancer detection blood tests and expects to develop partnerships with third-party laboratories across the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and the rest of Europe and will also expand to the United States. Renovaro Cube is focused on developing diagnostic tests and test kits that would analyze samples derived from non-invasive liquid biopsy samples and intends to perform these tests from Renovaro’s dedicated fully certified service laboratory and engage third-party laboratories to perform these tests for end-users.

For this purpose, Renovaro Cube has developed an AI platform that aims to leverage expertise in both biological and computational sciences and to go beyond traditional tumor signals by detecting the body’s early warning signs of cancer. Renovaro Cube’s goal is to provide accurate and reliable tests that can aid in the early diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Renovaro Cube’s AI technology is created to detect a wide range of biological signs to enhance the accuracy and sensitivity of early cancer detection and, thereby, enable earlier intervention and potentially improved patient outcomes.

Renovaro Cube’s AI technology aims to address three critical facets of medical needs within the domain of cancer diagnosis (as illustrated below):

| ● | type-specific cancer detection;

| ● | pan-cancer detection; and

| ● | patient stratification.

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Moreover, the versatility of Renovaro Cube’s AI technology extends to encompass the realm of rare cancers, including cases such as cancer of unknown primary.

Leveraging DNA methylation data, Renovaro Cube has identified and validated biomarker panels tailored for the detection of a wide range of cancers, including bladder, breast, colon, prostate, thyroid, head and neck, liver, kidney and lung cancer.

The foundational architecture of Renovaro Cube’s AI technology is engineered to facilitate comprehensive pan-cancer analysis through its extensive record of informative biomarkers discovered across a diverse array of cancer types. This comprehensive repository empowers Renovaro Cube’s AI technology to swiftly cross-reference biomarkers and explore molecular commonalities and distinctions that span multiple tumor categories.

For example, the capabilities of Renovaro Cube’s AI technology have unearthed biomarkers capable of pinpointing a specific subgroup of thyroid cancer patients characterized by a distinct genomic alteration, the neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (“NTRK”) gene fusion. Identification of these NTRK-positive patients provides an actionable therapeutic target.

Uses of Renovaro Cube’s AI Technology

Renovaro Cube has developed its AI platform to support:

| ● | AI-assisted patient diagnostics;

| ● | multi-omic data analysis;

| ● | genome-wide or targeted analysis;

| ● | pan-cancer analysis;

| ● | different technology platforms (sequence or array);

| ● | tracking of each sample;

| ● | AI-guided biomarker discovery for single or multiple cancer types; and

| ● | logs of analysis steps and outcomes (data preparation, discovery, validation).

Renovaro Cube’s AI platform is an enterprise software platform that is distinguished from its competitors’ technology by its core attributes encompassing AI-guided analysis and meticulous record-keeping of data handling procedures within audit trails, logs, and data discoveries. Renovaro Cube designed this technology to support and validate every phase of the process, from the initial handling of raw data to the creation of essential biomarker panels. Renovaro Cube’s AI platform also facilitates the integration of data originating from diverse sources, including public databases and collaborative partnership data.

Illustrated below is the three-phase workflow behind Renovaro Cube’s AI platform for biomarker discovery using DNA methylation data. This workflow commences with the identification of pertinent single- and multi-omic data best suited to address the specific inquiries of Renovaro Cube’s clients, and the subsequent stages involve the meticulous pre-processing and loading of this data into the platform. This process culminates in the availability of a dashboard offering the client insights into the data’s characteristics, such as data quality, the technology employed, and associated metadata.

| ● | Phase I of the workflow behind Renovaro Cube’s AI platform primarily centers on the pivotal process of biomarker discovery. This intricate procedure unfolds through the application of data mining algorithms and statistical methodologies integrated into the AI platform. The paramount objective of Phase I is to reduce the plethora of genomic features displaying variations across samples, which is accomplished by systematically eliminating extraneous or inconsequential features while preserving those features that exhibit the greatest potential for accurately detecting cancer.

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| ● | Phase II of the workflow builds upon the foundation of selected biomarkers by focusing on understanding the dynamic interplay among these chosen biomarkers, culminating in the creation of composite panels. The goal of Phase II is to pinpoint biomarker combinations that not only demonstrate robustness in detecting cancer but also maintain their efficacy across diverse contexts. Renovaro Cube believes that its AI algorithms are adept at uncovering multiple combinations across a spectrum of panels, which is supported by Renovaro Cube’s AI-guided panel mining, a proprietary combinatorial optimization technique used by Renovaro Cube’s AI technology. This approach, coupled with the capacity to explore numerous panels, significantly enhances the likelihood of discovering panels that align with specific metric criteria, such as sensitivity, specificity, precision, and recall and allows for tailoring criteria to align with clients’ unique needs, such as the number of biomarkers included per panel, or the inclusion of biomarkers associated with the expression of specific genes. The performance of the top-tier panels is further fine-tuned through the application of machine learning models. Subsequently, the efficacy of these biomarker panels in detecting cancer is validated through independent data sets.

| ● | Phase III of the workflow involves Renovaro Cube’s collaboration with its clinical partners to validate the performance of the biomarker panels. Through this collaboration, Renovaro Cube can confirm the utility and accuracy of its biomarker panels in real-world clinical contexts.

AI-Assisted Diagnostics

The process of biomarker discovery facilitated by Renovaro Cube’s AI technology has yielded a set of data that enables scrutiny of the genomic distinctions and commonalities inherent in diverse cancer types. This data set can support the diagnosis of cancers when their type or origin remains unidentified.

In addition to this role in biomarker discovery and the development of diagnostic tests, Renovaro Cube’s AI technology also integrates AI-guided molecular profiling of patient samples and furnishes diagnostic patient reports. These diagnostic reports reflect the outcomes of molecular profiling, coupled with interpretations provided by Renovaro Cube’s team, to facilitate the process of cancer diagnostics by a qualified healthcare provider, who can consider these reports in the context of a patient’s medical history, clinical signs, and symptoms, among other factors.

Quality Control Process

Renovaro Cube undertakes post-processing of data generated from sequence and arrays to ensure accurate and meaningful results. These post-processing steps for omic data include:

| 1. | Quality Control: Quality control is performed to assess the overall data quality and to identify any technical issues or anomalies.

| 2. | Normalization: arrays can introduce various sources of technical variation, such as batch effects, intensity variations, and probe-specific biases.

| 3. | Quality Filtering: After genotype calling, additional quality filtering may be performed to remove low-quality SNPs based on criteria like call rates, minor allele frequency, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium p-values, and linkage disequilibrium.

Other post-processing steps may include genotype calling, population stratification and association analysis. Specific post-processing steps may vary depending on the type of array used, the study design, and the analytical goals.

Planning for Commercialization

Partnerships in Development

To enhance multi-omic and multi-modal capacity, and to work to validate those capabilities with human samples including liquid-biopsy-based tests/test kits, Renovaro Cube is actively pursuing relationships with leading academic cancer centers, pathology and imagery centers in Europe, the USA and the Middle East. In certain cases, scopes of work are in process. This is a very attractive model for partners to be involved with Renovaro Cube to perform multi-omics genetic analysis using liquid biopsies.

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Resources

Renovaro Cube intends to hire additional staff to increase the speed and velocity of its organization, including the development of the AI platform and the opportunities to deploy the AI platform for research perspective and ultimately for clinical practice and into clinical trials.

In addition, Renovaro Cube intends to build out its infrastructure by leasing space for storage, networking and hosting facilities.

Target Market

Renovaro Cube’s intended customers will be hospitals, clinics, insurance companies, pharmaceutical companies, biotech companies, research centers, physicians and individual patients.

Renovaro Cube aims to utilize its AI technology to commercialize products and test kits for healthcare providers, hospitals, clinics and doctors that will expedite diagnosis and the selection of appropriate treatment for various types of cancer. Renovaro Cube intends to differentiate its products based on the following factors:

| ● | Proprietary and unique panel mining algorithms to create multiple biomarker stratifications per cancer;

| ● | Explainable AI, offering traceability between the prediction and the exact biomarkers, panels and genes;

| ● | Differential diagnosis, inclusion and exclusion of cancer types based on facts; and

| ● | Precision diagnosis, with a high accuracy percentage with machine-learning tuning.

The multi-omic design of Renovaro Cube’s AI platform enables the use of different molecular layers, such as epigenomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics, together with genomics and clinical data.

Panel Mining

The unique panel mining technique in Renovaro Cube’s technology repeatedly investigates genes to identify relevant biomarkers. The proprietary technique in Renovaro Cube’s technology not only searches for individual biomarkers, but also integrates validated panels for different cancer types into the “RenovaroCube” machine learning library. This process enables precision diagnosis, by including one cancer and excluding others based on statistically, scientifically and clinically validated machine-learning panels.

Panel mining is designed to combine biomarkers into panels in such a way that the final panel meets:

| ● | performance metric criteria;

| ● | technical criteria, such as a minimum or maximum number of biomarkers for the selected assay;

| ● | biological criteria, non-annotated genes inclusion; and

| ● | stratification criteria.

Explainable AI

The term “Explainable AI” refers to the ability of an AI system or model to provide human-understandable explanations for its decision-making process or predictions. This feature aims to bridge the gap between the “black box” nature of many AI algorithms and the need for transparency, interpretability, and accountability in AI applications.

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In traditional machine learning approaches, such as deep neural networks, the internal workings of the model can be complex and difficult to interpret. This lack of interpretability poses challenges in critical domains where decisions have significant implications, such as healthcare.

Renovaro Cube believes that Explainable AI is crucial for ensuring transparency, fairness, and accountability in AI systems. Renovaro Cube’s AI platform includes Explainable AI by design. All data points, calculations and results are traceable, and all calculations are verifiable and reproducible with the same result.

Disease prognosis is one of the diagnostic capabilities of the Explainable AI feature of Renovaro Cube’s technology. Disease prognosis gives more insight for a specific patient that empowers healthcare providers, patients, and their families to make well-informed decisions about treatment, care, and future planning, thereby enhancing patient-centered care, optimizing resource utilization, and contributing to improved patient outcomes and quality of life.

Differential Diagnosis

Renovaro Cube’s AI platform offers differential diagnosis by design due to its approach with a multitude of models for different diseases and the ability to include and exclude diseases.

Diseases like cancer are very homogenous, meaning that markers like TP53 or BRCA are expressed with multiple cancers. To address this homogeneity, differential diagnosis distinguishes between two or more conditions or diseases that share similar signs, symptoms or characteristics. The goal of differential diagnosis is to consider and evaluate all possible diagnoses for the patient’s symptoms to determine the most likely cause. Differential diagnosis therefore aims to identify the underlying condition accurately and guide appropriate treatment and management strategies.

Corporate History

We were incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware on January 18, 2011, under the name Putnam Hills Corp. and in 2014 we merged with and changed our name to DanDrit Biotech USA, Inc. In 2018, we acquired Enochian Biopharma and changed our name to Enochian BioSciences Inc. In August 2023, the Company changed its corporate name to Renovaro Biosciences Inc. On February 13, 2024, the Company changed its corporate name to Renovaro Inc. On February 13, 2024, Renovaro Inc. acquired Renovaro Cube Intl Ltd and its subsidiaries, in which Renovaro Cube became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Renovaro Inc.

Going Concern and Management’s Plans

The Company’s consolidated financial statements are prepared using the generally accepted accounting principles applicable to a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and liquidation of liabilities in the normal course of business. However, the Company has incurred substantial recurring losses from continuing operations, has used cash in the Company’s continuing operations, and is dependent on additional financing to fund operations. The Company incurred a net income (loss) of $189,176 and $(51,275,253) for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2025, respectively. As of March 31, 2025, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $923,002 and an accumulated deficit of $383,730,334 and a working capital deficit of $25,173,586. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for one year after the date the financial statements are issued. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue in existence.

Management has reduced overhead and administrative costs by streamlining the organization to focus around the development and validation of its AI-driven cancer diagnostics platform. The Company has tailored its workforce to focus on these activities. In addition, the Company intends to secure additional required funding through equity or debt financing. However, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to obtain any sources of funding. Such additional funding may not be available or may not be available on reasonable terms, and, in the case of equity financing transactions, could result in significant additional dilution to our stockholders. If we do not obtain required additional equity or debt funding, our cash resources will be depleted and we could be required to materially reduce or suspend operations, which would likely have a material adverse effect on our business, stock price and our relationships with third parties with whom we have business relationships, at least until additional funding is obtained. If we do not have sufficient funds to continue operations, we could be required to seek bankruptcy protection or other alternatives that could result in our stockholders losing some or all of their investment in us.

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Funding that we may receive during the fiscal year 2025 is expected to be used to satisfy existing and future obligations and liabilities and working capital needs, to support commercialization of our products, to conduct the clinical and regulatory work to develop our product candidates, and to begin building working capital reserves.

Results of Operations for the Three and Nine Months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024

The following table sets forth our revenues, expenses and net loss for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. The financial information below is derived from our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

|  | For the Three Months Ended |  |  |  |  |  | For the Nine Months Ended |  |  |  |
|  | March 31, |  | Increase/(Decrease) |  | March 31, |  | Increase/(Decrease)
|  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | $ |  | % |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | $ |  | %
Operating Expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
General and administrative |  | $ | 4,224,590 |  |  | $ | 7,652,379 |  |  | $ | (3,427,789 | ) |  |  | (45 | )% |  | $ | 13,878,963 |  |  | $ | 19,558,981 |  |  | $ | (5,680,018 | ) |  |  | (29 | )%
Research and development |  |  | (94,073 | ) |  |  | 1,087,156 |  |  |  | (1,181,229 | ) |  |  | (109 | )% |  |  | 457,200 |  |  |  | 2,274,321 |  |  |  | (1,817,121 | ) |  |  | (80 | )%
Goodwill impairment |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 47,614,729 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 47,614,729 |  |  |  | 100 | %
Intangible asset impairment |  |  | — |  |  |  | 42,611,000 |  |  |  | (42,611,000 | ) |  |  | (100 | )% |  |  | — |  |  |  | 42,611,000 |  |  |  | (42,611,000 | ) |  |  | (100 | )%
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 31,975 |  |  |  | 30,305 |  |  |  | 1,670 |  |  |  | 6 | % |  |  | 96,469 |  |  |  | 90,727 |  |  |  | 5,742 |  |  |  | 6 | %
Total Operating Expenses |  |  | 4,162,492 |  |  |  | 51,380,840 |  |  |  | (47,218,348 | ) |  |  | (92 | )% |  |  | 62,325,381 |  |  |  | 64,535,029 |  |  |  | (2,487,668 | ) |  |  | (4 | )%
LOSS FROM OPERATIONS |  |  | (4,162,492 | ) |  |  | (51,380,840 | ) |  |  | 47,218,348 |  |  |  | (92 | )% |  |  | (62,325,381 | ) |  |  | (64,535,029 | ) |  |  | 2,487,668 |  |  |  | 4 | %
Other Income (Expenses) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Change in fair value of contingent consideration |  |  | 4,330,000 |  |  |  | (7,289,156 | ) |  |  | 11,619,156 |  |  |  | (159 | )% |  |  | 10,990,000 |  |  |  | (7,289,156 | ) |  |  | 18,279,156 |  |  |  | (251 | )%
Change in fair value of equity securities |  |  | 210,281 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 210,281 |  |  |  | 100 | % |  |  | 210,281 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 210,281 |  |  |  | 100 | %
Loss on extinguishment of debt |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (120,018 | ) |  |  | 120,018 |  |  |  | (100 | )%
Interest expense |  |  | (188,685 | ) |  |  | (303,802 | ) |  |  | 115,117 |  |  |  | (38 | )% |  |  | (537,656 | ) |  |  | (758,057 | ) |  |  | 220,401 |  |  |  | (29 | )%
Interest and other income |  |  | 72 |  |  |  | (16,272 | ) |  |  | 16,344 |  |  |  | (100 | )% |  |  | 109,483 |  |  |  | 8,041 |  |  |  | 101,442 |  |  |  | 1,262 | %
Total Other Income (Expense) |  |  | 4,351,668 |  |  |  | (7,609,230 | ) |  |  | 11,960,898 |  |  |  | (157 | )% |  |  | 10,772,108 |  |  |  | (8,159,190 | ) |  |  | 18,931,298 |  |  |  | (232 | )%
NET INCOME (LOSS) |  | $ | 189,176 |  |  | $ | (58,990,070 | ) |  | $ | 59,179,246 |  |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | (51,275,253 | ) |  | $ | (72,694,219 | ) |  | $ | 21,418,966 |  |  |  | (29 | )%

Revenues

We are a pre-revenue, pre-clinical biotechnology and artificial intelligence driven healthcare technology company. We have never generated revenues and have incurred losses since inception. We do not anticipate earning any revenue until our therapies or products are approved for marketing and sale.

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Expenses

Our operating expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, were $4,162,492 and $51,380,840 respectively, representing a decrease of $47,218,348 or approximately 92%. The decrease in operating expenses primarily relates to the decrease of intangible asset impairment of $42,611,000, general and administrative expenses of $3,427,789 and the decrease in research and development expenses of $1,181,229.

Our operating expenses for the nine months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, were $62,047,361 and $64,535,029 respectively, representing a decrease of $2,487,668, or approximately 4%. The decrease in operating expenses primarily relates to the decrease in intangible asset impairment of $42,611,000, general and administrative expenses of $5,680,018 and research and development expenses of $1,817,121, partially offset by the increase in goodwill impairment of $47,614,729.

General and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2025, and 2024, were $4,224,590 and $7,652,379, respectively, representing a decrease of $3,427,789 or approximately 45%. The variance is related to decreases in legal expenses of $1,915,126, consulting fees expense of $453,294, non-cash stock-based compensation expense of $362,402, marketing expenses of $137,516, investor relations expenses of $109,831 and board of director compensation of $107,718.

General and administrative expenses for the nine months ended March 31, 2025, and 2024, were $13,878,963 and $19,558,981, respectively, representing a decrease of $5,680,018 or approximately 29%. The variance is related to decreases in legal expenses of $1,722,555, consulting fees expense of $2,552,211, non-cash stock-based compensation expense of $1,429,180, marketing expenses of $280,412, investor relations expenses of $186,646 and board of director compensation of $203,968, partially offset by an increase in compensation related expenses of $856,873.

Research and development expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2025, and 2024, were $(94,073) and $1,087,156, respectively, representing a decrease of $1,181,229 or approximately 109%. The variance is primarily driven by decreases of $632,102 in collaborating partner expenses with CDMO and CROs, consulting expenses of $339,505 and consumables and reagents related expenses of $205,985.

Research and development expenses for the nine months ended March 31, 2025, and 2024, were $457,200 and $2,274,321, respectively, representing a decrease of $1,817,121 or approximately 80%. The variance is primarily driven by decreases of $1,130,193 in collaborating partner expenses with CDMO and CROs, consulting expenses of $446,938 and consumables and reagents related expenses of $231,281.

The Company recorded other income of $4,351,668 for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to other expense of $7,609,230 for the three months ended March 31, 2024, representing an decrease in other expense of $11,960,898 or 157%. The variance is primarily due to the change in fair value of contingent consideration liability of $11,619,156.

The Company recorded other income of $10,772,108 for the nine months ended March 31, 2025, compared to other expense of $8,159,190 for the nine months ended March 31, 2024, representing a decrease in other expense of $18,931,298 or 232%. The variance is primarily due to the change in fair value of contingent consideration liability of $18,279,156.

Net Loss

Net income (loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2025, and 2024, was $189,176 and $(58,990,070), respectively, representing a change in net income (loss) of $59,179,246 or approximately 100%. The decrease in net loss was primarily due to a decrease in intangible asset impairment of $42,611,000 and the change in fair value of contingent consideration of $11,619,156.

Net loss for the nine months ended March 31, 2025, and 2024, was $51,275,253 and $72,694,219, respectively, representing a decrease in net loss of $21,418,966 or approximately 29%. The decrease in net loss was primarily due to decreases in intangible asset impairment of $42,611,000, general and administrative expenses of $5,680,018, research development expenses of $1,817,121 and change in fair value of contingent consideration of $18,931,298, partially offset by the increase in goodwill impairment of $47,614,729.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

We have historically satisfied our capital and liquidity requirements through funding from stockholders, the sale of our Common Stock and warrants, and debt financing. We have never generated any sales revenue to support our operations, and we expect this to continue until our therapies or products are approved for marketing in the United States and/or Europe. Even if we are successful in having our therapies or products approved for sale in the United States and/or Europe, we cannot guarantee that a market for the therapies or products will develop. We may never be profitable.

As noted above under the heading “Going Concern and Management’s Plans,” through March 31, 2025, we have incurred substantial losses. We will need additional funds both in the next twelve months and beyond for (a) research and development, (b) increases in personnel, (c) the purchase of equipment, and investment in the development and validation of our technology. The availability of any required additional funding cannot be assured. In addition, an adverse outcome in legal or regulatory proceedings in which we are currently involved or in the future may be involved could adversely affect our liquidity and financial position. We may raise such funds from time to time through public or private sales of our equity or debt securities. Such financing may not be available on acceptable terms, or at all, and our failure to raise capital when needed could materially adversely affect our growth plans and our financial condition and results of operations.

As of March 31, 2025, the Company had $923,002 in cash and working capital deficit of $25,173,586 as compared to $220,467 in cash and working capital deficit of $28,312,274 as of June 30, 2024, an increase of 319% and decrease of 22%, respectively.

Assets

Total assets at March 31, 2025, were $117,726,120 compared to $163,129,450 as of June 30, 2024. The decrease in assets is primarily due to goodwill impairment of $47,614,729 in the current period.

Liabilities

Total liabilities at March 31, 2025, were $29,339,269 compared to $31,152,306 as of June 30, 2024. The decrease in total liabilities was primarily related to the decrease of $10,990,000 in contingent consideration liability, partially offset by an increases of $3,534,901 in notes payable – related parties, net, $2,277,375 in accounts payable and $3,000,000 in Stock subscription payable.

The following is a summary of the Company’s cash flows (used in) or provided by operating, investing, and financing activities:

|  | Nine Months Ended March 31, 2025 |  | Nine Months Ended March 31, 2024
Net Cash Used in Operating Activities |  | $ | (6,063,511 | ) |  | $ | (8,557,649 | )
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities |  |  | (1,464,389 | ) |  |  | (1,206,806 | )
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities |  |  | 8,204,415 |  |  |  | 8,050,737 |
Effect of exchange rates on cash |  |  | 26,020 |  |  |  | 151,935 |
Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents |  | $ | 702,535 |  |  | $ | (1,561,783 | )

Cash Flows

The decrease in our cash used in operating activities is primarily related to the changes in our operating assets and liabilities. The change is primarily driven by our net loss offset by significant non-cash charges such as stock based compensation, impairments and change in fair value of contingent consideration. Additionally, our operating cash flow was positively impacted by changes in our operating assets and liabilities, primarily other receivables, prepaid expenses and accounts payable.

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Cash used in investing activities during the period related to the investment in equity securities of $1,464,389. Cash used in investing activities in the prior period primarily related to the issuance of notes receivable prior to the acquisition of Renovaro Cube totaling $1,206,806.

Cash provided by financing activities during the period primarily related to net proceeds of $3,527,822 from issuance of notes payable and $5,376,181 from private placements that were partially offset by $699,588 in repayment of a finance agreement.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on the Company’s financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that is material to investors.

Significant Accounting Policies and Critical Accounting Estimates

The methods, estimates, and judgments that we use in applying our accounting policies have a significant impact on the results that we report in our financial statements. Some of our accounting policies require us to make difficult and subjective judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates regarding matters that are inherently uncertain.

For a summary of our accounting policies, see Note 1 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

As a “smaller reporting company” as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Company is not required to provide the information required by this Item.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer (the “Certifying Officers”) are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures for the Company. The Certifying Officers have designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that material information is made known to them, particularly during the period in which this Report was prepared.

The Certifying Officers are responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for the Company and used the “Internal Control over Financial Reporting Integrated Framework” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (“COSO”) to conduct an extensive review of the Company’s “disclosure controls and procedures” (as defined in the Exchange Act, Rules 13a-15(e) and 15-d-15(e)) as of the end of each of the periods covered by this Report (the “Evaluation Date”). Based upon that evaluation, the Certifying Officers concluded that, as of March 31, 2025, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective in ensuring that the information we were required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms. The deficiency is attributed to the Company not having adequate resources to address complex accounting matters. This control deficiency will be monitored, and attention will be given to this matter as we grow.

The Certifying Officers based their conclusion on the fact that the Company has identified a material weakness in controls over financial reporting, detailed above. We expect to be deficient in our disclosure controls and procedures until sufficient capital is available to hire the appropriate internal accounting staff.

Changes in Internal Controls

There have been no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting during the nine months ended March 31, 2025, that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal controls.

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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

Securities Class Action Litigation. On July 26, 2022 and July 28, 2022, securities class action complaints (the former, the “Chow Action” and the latter, the “Manici Action”) and together, the “Securities Class Action Litigation”) were filed by purported stockholders of the Company in the United States District Court for the Central District of California against the Company and certain of the Company’s current and former officers and directors. The complaints allege, among other things, that the defendants violated Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Rule 10b-5 thereunder, by making false and misleading statements and omissions of material fact in connection with the Company’s relationship with Serhat Gümrükcü and its commercial prospects. The complaints seek unspecified damages, interest, fees, and costs. On November 22, 2022, the Manici Action was voluntarily dismissed without prejudice, but the Chow action remains pending. On October 22, 2023, the Court appointed a lead plaintiff in the Chow Action. The lead plaintiff filed an amended complaint on December 15, 2023. The Company filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint on March 15, 2024. The Court denied the Company’s motion to dismiss on June 28, 2024. A mediation was held on September 17, 2024, after which the parties signed a stipulation of settlement, dated November 8, 2024. The plaintiff filed their motion for preliminary approval of the settlement on December 9, 2024. On December 18, 2024, the Company filed a notice of non-opposition to the motion for preliminary approval of the settlement. On January 7, 2025, the Court took the plaintiff’s motion for preliminary approval of the settlement under consideration without oral argument.

Federal Derivative Litigation. On September 22, 2022, Samuel E. Koenig filed a shareholder derivative action in the United States District Court for the Central District of California (the “Koenig Matter”). On January 19, 2023, John Solak filed a substantially similar shareholder derivative action in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware (the “Solak Matter”). Both derivative actions recite similar underlying facts as those alleged in the Securities Class Action Litigation. The actions, filed on behalf of the Company, name Serhat Gümrükcü and certain of the Company’s former directors as defendants. The actions also name the Company as a nominal defendant. The actions allege violations of Sections 14(a) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and also set out claims for breach of fiduciary duty, contribution and indemnification, aiding and abetting, and gross mismanagement. Plaintiffs do not quantify any alleged injury, but seek damages, disgorgement, restitution, and other costs and expenses. On January 24, 2023, the United States District Court for the Central District of California stayed the Koenig Matter pending resolution of the defendants’ anticipated motion to dismiss in the Securities Class Action Litigation. On April 4, 2023, the United States District Court for the District of Delaware stayed the Solak Matter pending resolution of the defendants’ anticipated motion to dismiss in the Securities Class Action Litigation. On June 28, 2024, the United States District Court for the Central District of California denied the defendants’ motion to dismiss the Securities Class Action Litigation. The Koenig Matter is currently stayed and the parties’ deadline to file a joint status report is July 11, 2025. On April 30, 2025, the court stayed the Solak Matter for ninety (90) days and the deadline for the parties to file a joint status report or further stay of the action is July 29, 2025. The defendants have not yet responded to the Koenig or Solak complaints. The Company intends to contest these matters but expresses no opinion as to the likelihood of favorable outcomes. Management is unable to determine the likelihood of a loss, including a possible range of losses, if any, arising from this matter as of the reporting date.

State Derivative Litigation. On October 20, 2022, Susan Midler filed a shareholder derivative action in the Superior Court of California, Los Angeles County, reciting similar underlying facts as those alleged in the Securities Class Action Litigation (the “Midler Matter”). The action, filed on behalf of the Company, names Serhat Gümrükcü and certain of the Company’s current and former directors as defendants. The action also names the Company as a nominal defendant. The action sets out claims for breaches of fiduciary duty, contribution and indemnification, aiding and abetting, and gross mismanagement. Plaintiff does not quantify any alleged injury, but seeks damages, disgorgement, restitution, and other costs and expenses. On January 20, 2023, the Court stayed the Midler matter pending resolution of the defendants’ anticipated motion to dismiss in the Securities Class Action Litigation. On June 28, 2024, the United States District Court for the Central District of California denied the defendants’ motion to dismiss the Securities Class Action Litigation. On April 29, 2025, the court stayed the Midler Matter for ninety (90) days. The parties’ deadline to file a joint status report in the Midler action is July 28, 2025. The defendants have not yet responded to the complaint. The Company intends to contest this matter but expresses no opinion as to the likelihood of a favorable outcome. Management is unable to determine the likelihood of a loss, including a possible range of losses, if any, arising from this matter as of the reporting date.

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On October 21, 2022, the Company filed a Complaint in the Superior Court of the State of California for the County of Los Angeles against Serhat Gümrükcü, William Anderson Wittekind (“Wittekind”), G Tech Bio, SG & AW Holdings, LLC, and SRI (collectively, the “Defendants”). The Complaint alleges that the Defendants engaged in a “concerted, deliberate scheme to alter, falsify, and misrepresent to the Company the results of multiple studies supporting its Hepatitis B and SARS-CoV-2/influenza pipelines.” Specifically, “Defendants manipulated negative results to reflect positive outcomes from various studies, and even fabricated studies out of whole cloth.” As a result of the Defendants’ conduct, the Company claims that it “paid approximately $25 million to Defendants and third-parties that it would not otherwise have paid.” On April 21, 2023, defendants Wittekind, G Tech, SG & AW Holdings, LLC, and SRI filed a demurrer with respect to some, but not all, of the Company’s claims, as well as a motion to strike. On September 6, 2023, the court denied in part and granted in part the pending motions.

On December 4, 2023, the Defendants answered the Company’s First Amended Complaint and G Tech and SRI filed a Cross-Complaint. In the Cross-Complaint, G Tech and SRI seek declaratory and injunctive relief related to certain agreements between G Tech, SRI, and the Company, including, inter alia, a declaration that the Framework Agreement, effective as of November 15, 2019, the Statement of Work & License Agreement, effective as of January 31, 2020, and the Statement of Work and License Agreement for Influenza and Coronavirus Indications, effective as of April 18, 2021, have been terminated and the Company has no rights to any license under such agreements.

Trial was scheduled to begin on March 3, 2025. On November 14, 2024, the court vacated the March 3, 2025 trial date and set a trial setting conference for May 1, 2025. At the May 1, 2025 trial setting conference, the court reset the trial to begin on November 30, 2026. Discovery remains ongoing. The Company denies the allegations in Defendants’ cross claims and intends to vigorously defend against them while pursuing its claims against the Defendants.

On March 1, 2021, the Company’s former Chief Financial Officer, Robert Wolfe and his company, Crossfield, Inc., filed a Complaint in the U.S. District Court for the District of Vermont against the Company, Renovaro Biosciences Denmark ApS, and certain directors and officers. In the Complaint, Mr. Wolfe and Crossfield, Inc. asserted claims for abuse of process and malicious prosecution, alleging, inter alia, that the Company lacked probable cause to file and prosecute an earlier action, and sought millions of dollars of compensatory damages, as well as punitive damages. The allegations in the Complaint relate to an earlier action filed by the Company and Renovaro Biosciences Denmark ApS in the Vermont Superior Court, Orange Civil Division. On March 3, 2022, the court partially granted the Company’s motion to dismiss, dismissing the abuse of process claim against all defendants and all claims against Mark Dybul and Henrik Grønfeldt-Sørensen, the Company’s former Chief Executive Officer and former member of the Board of Directors, respectively. On November 29, 2022, the Company filed a motion for summary judgment with respect to the sole remaining claim of malicious prosecution. On August 24, 2023, the court denied the motion for summary judgment.

On or about April 16, 2025, the parties entered into a confidential settlement agreement. The confidential settlement agreement requires certain events to occur within 45 days and 60 days and, accordingly, the court has entered a 65-day dismissal nisi. Unless a party moves to reopen within the 65-day period, the action will be dismissed with prejudice.

On June 7, 2023, Weird Science LLC (“Weird Science”), Wittekind, the William Anderson Wittekind 2020 Annuity Trust, the William Anderson Wittekind 2021 Annuity Trust, the Dybul 2020 Angel Annuity Trust, and the Ty Mabry 2021 Annuity Trust (collectively, the “Trusts”) (collectively, “Plaintiffs”) filed a Verified Complaint against the Company in the Court of Chancery of Delaware. In the Verified Complaint, Plaintiffs alleged that the Company breached the February 16, 2018 Investor Rights Agreement between the Company, Weird Science, and RS Group ApS (the “Investor Rights Agreement”). According to the Verified Complaint, the Investor Rights Agreement required the Company to (i) notify all “Holders” of “Registrable Securities” at least 30 days prior to filing a registration statement and (ii) afford such Holders an opportunity to have their Registrable Securities included in such registration statement. Plaintiffs alleged that the Company breached these registration rights by failing to provide the required notice in connection with S-3 registration statements filed by the Company on July 13, 2020 and February 11, 2022. The Company moved to dismiss the Verified Complaint on September 15, 2023.

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On December 4, 2023, in lieu of opposing the motion to dismiss, Plaintiffs filed a Verified First Amended Complaint (“FAC”). In the FAC, Plaintiffs assert claims against the Company and others for purported breaches of the Investor Rights Agreement, fraud, tortious interference with a contract, and several other torts. Plaintiffs seek compensatory, exemplary, and punitive damages, as well as certain declaratory relief, specific performance, and pre- and post-judgment interest, costs, and attorneys’ fees. The Company filed a motion to dismiss the FAC on December 18, 2023 and the court held a hearing on November 15, 2024. At the hearing, the court dismissed (1) all claims brought on behalf of Wittekind and the Trusts, (2) the fraudulent concealment claim against the Company and others (without prejudice), and (3) the breach of contract claim against the Company related to a registration statement that was not filed in 2023. At the hearing, the court also found that punitive damages were not available to Plaintiffs. The court took the remaining issues briefed on the Company’s motion to dismiss under advisement. On February 26, 2025, the court ruled on the balance of the claims against the Company and (1) denied the Company’s motion to dismiss Weird Science’s breach of contract claims related to registration statements filed in 2020 and 2022; (2) dismissed the fraudulent inducement claim as time barred; and (3) dismissed the declaratory judgment claim. The Company denies Plaintiffs’ allegations and remaining claims and intends to vigorously defend against these claims.

On August 24, 2023, counsel on behalf of Weird Science, Wittekind, individually, and Wittekind, as trustee of the Trusts served a demand to inspect the Company’s books and records (the “Demand”) pursuant to Delaware General Corporation Law, § 220 (“Section 220”). The Demand seeks the Company’s books and records in connection with various issues identified in the Demand. The Company takes its obligations under Section 220 seriously and, to the extent that the requests are proper under Section 220, intends to comply with those obligations.

On January 19, 2024, Weird Science and Wittekind sent the Board of Directors a letter demanding it take corrective actions with respect to twenty-one issues identified therein. On February 27, 2024, Weird Science and Wittekind sent the Board of Directors a supplemental letter that expanded their demand for corrective actions to twenty-six issues. In response to these demand letters, the Board of Directors initially formed a Special Committee (“Special Committee”) of independent directors on February 29, 2024. The Special Committee retained Stradling Yocca Carlson & Rauth LLP as its counsel to investigate the issues identified in the demand letters. The Special Committee’s investigation is ongoing.

On January 23, 2024, Weird Science and Wittekind filed a shareholder derivative action in the United States District Court for the Central District of California against certain officers, directors, and investors of the Company, as well as other defendants, in connection with, inter alia, Weird Science and Wittekind’s demand for corrective action. Plaintiffs filed an amended complaint on June 21, 2024. The First Amended Verified Stockholder Derivative Complaint (“Derivative Complaint”) alleges, among other claims, violations of Section 13(d) and 14(a) and Rules 10b-5(a), 10b-5(c) and 14a-9 of the Exchange Act of 1934. The Derivative Complaint also includes claims of breach of fiduciary duty, corporate waste, unjust enrichment, and contribution/indemnification. Weird Science and Wittekind seek unspecified compensatory, exemplary, and punitive damages and certain injunctive relief. The Derivative Complaint names the Company as a nominal defendant. On July 19, 2024, certain of the director defendants, who had agreed to waive service of the summons and Derivative Complaint, filed a motion to dismiss the Derivative Complaint on a variety of procedural and substantive grounds. A hearing on the motion dismiss was held on October 3, 2024 and the court subsequently took the motion under submission. On October 22, 2024, the plaintiffs filed a notice of certain subsequent events that they allege relate to their pending motion to dismiss. On October 29, 2024, the court granted the director defendants’ motion to dismiss and dismissed the Derivative Complaint without prejudice, but also without leave to amend.

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On November 27, 2024, Weird Science and Wittekind filed a notice of appeal of the court’s decision granting the director defendants’ motion to dismiss. The appeal remains pending.

On June 21, 2024, the Company filed suit against Weird Science, Wittekind, and certain trusts in connection with the February 16, 2018 merger involving the Company and two companies closely associated with Gumrukcu. In the complaint, the Company alleges that Gumrukcu and others deliberately and fraudulently concealed a murder-for-hire scheme from the Company in order to induce the Company to enter into the merger agreement, which resulted in the defendants receiving shares and compensation. The Company asserts claims for fraudulent concealment, equitable fraud, unjust enrichment, and civil conspiracy and seeks, inter alia, equitable relief, including, but not limited to, return to the Company any shares received in connection with the merger, and damages. On October 1, 2024, the defendants moved to dismiss the complaint and a hearing has been scheduled for June 25, 2025.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

As a “smaller reporting company” as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Company is not required to provide the information required by this Item.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information.

Insider Trading Plans

During the quarter ended December 31, 2024, no director or Section 16 officer adopted, modified, or terminated any “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” (in each case, as defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K).

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Item 6. Exhibits.

Exhibits required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K:

Exhibit No. |  | Description
2.1 |  | Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated February 26, 2025, by and among Renovaro, Inc, Renovaro Acquisition Sub and Biosymetrics, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 28, 2025)
3.1 |  | Certificate of Incorporation, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on February 14, 2024)
3.2 |  | Amended and Restated Bylaws (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 24, 2024)
10.1† |  | Employment Agreement by and between Nathen Fuentes and Renovaro Inc., dated as of January 6, 2025. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on February 19, 2025)
10.2† |  | Amended and Restated Employment Agreement by and between Maurice van Tilburg and GEDI CUBE B.V., dated as of February 4, 2025. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on February 19, 2025)
31.1** |  | Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
31.2** |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
32.1*** |  | Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350
32.2*** |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350
101.INS |  | XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.DEF |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
101.LAB |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase

** | Filed herewith.
*** | Furnished herewith.
† | Denotes a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Date: May 15, 2025 | RENOVARO INC.
| By: | /s/ David Weinstein
|  | David Weinstein
|  | Chief Executive Officer
|  | (Principal Executive Officer)
| By: | /s/ Nathen Fuentes
|  | Nathen Fuentes
|  | Chief Financial Officer
|  | (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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