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Accounting Policies, by Policy (Policies) | 3 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2024
Basis of Presentation [Abstract] |
Principles of Consolidation | Principles of Consolidation - The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, Frankfort First, and its wholly-owned banking subsidiaries, First Federal of Hazard and First Federal of Kentucky (collectively hereinafter “the Banks”). All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company is a majority-owned subsidiary of First Federal MHC. The accounts of First Federal MHC are not consolidated in the accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates | Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates Investments – Management determines the classification of debt securities at purchase as held-to-maturity, trading, or available-for-sale. Held-to-maturity securities are those we have both the intent and ability to hold to maturity and are reported at amortized cost. Securities that are not considered held-to-maturity are considered either trading or available-for-sale securities in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 320, Investments – Debt Securities, and are reported at fair value in the statement of financial position. We have no trading securities. The adjustment to fair value for available-for-sale securities for unrealized gains and losses is included as a separate component of shareholders’ equity, net of tax. Loans – Loans for which we have the ability and intent to hold until maturity and/or payoff are reported at the carrying value of the unpaid principal reduced by unearned interest, an allowance for credit losses and unamortized deferred fees and costs and premiums. Interest income is accrued on a level yield basis. In circumstances where management believes that collection of interest income is uncollectible on specific loans, after considering economic and business conditions, collateral value and collection efforts, interest accrual is discontinued. Interest income may be recognized on the cash basis when received unless a determination has been made by management to apply all of the payment against principal. Allowance for Credit Losses – We account for the allowance for credit losses under ASC 326, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which is commonly known as CECL. We measure expected credit losses of financial assets on a weighted average remaining maturity (WARM) basis. We maintain an allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) at a level that is appropriate to cover estimated credit losses on individually evaluated loans, as well as estimated credit losses inherent in the estimated life of the loan portfolio. Credit losses are charged to and recoveries are credited to the ACL. Loans with similar risk characteristics are evaluated on a collective basis within homogeneous loan pools under ASC 326. Our homogeneous loan pools are primarily determined by loan purpose and collateral type. Pools include residential real estate (composed of one-to four-family, multi-family, and construction), land, farm, nonresidential real estate, commercial and industrial, and consumer loans (composed of Loans on deposit, home equity, automobile, and unsecured). Credits that are nonaccrual status are subject to individual evaluation. Historical loss rates for loans are adjusted for significant factors that, in management’s judgment, reflect the impact of any current conditions on loss recognition. Qualitative factors used to derive our ACL include delinquency trends, current economic conditions and trends, strength of supervision and administration of the loan portfolio, levels of underperforming loans, trends in loan losses and underwriting exceptions. Reasonable and supportable economic forecasts that may offset collectibility are also included as factors in our ACL model. Management continually reevaluates the other subjective factors included in its ACL analysis. Income Taxes – Income tax expense is based on the taxes due on the consolidated tax return plus deferred taxes on the expected future tax benefits and consequences of temporary differences between carrying amounts and tax bases of assets and liabilities, using enacted tax rates.
New Accounting Standards | New Accounting Standards FASB ASC 326 - In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. This standard requires credit losses on most financial assets and certain other instruments to be measured using an expected loss model, which is referred to as the current expected credit loss (CECL) model. Under this model entities estimate credit losses over the entire contractual term of the instrument (considering estimated prepayments, but not expected extensions or modifications) from the date of initial recognition of that instrument. The ASU replaces the current accounting model for purchased credit impaired and debt securities. The allowance for credit losses for purchased financial assets with a more-than-insignificant amount of credit deterioration since origination (referred to as “PCD assets”), should be determined in a similar manner to other financial assets measured on an amortized cost basis. However, upon initial recognition, the allowance for credit losses is added to the purchase price to determine the initial amortized cost basis. The subsequent accounting for PCD financial assets is the same expected loss model described herein. The Company will now use forward-looking information to enhance its credit loss estimates. The amendment requires enhanced disclosures to aid investors and other users of financial statements to better understand significant estimates and judgments used in estimating credit losses, as well as the credit quality and underwriting standards of our portfolio. The largest impact to the Company was on its allowance for loan and lease losses, although the ASU also amends the accounting for credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities, held-to-maturity securities, and purchased financial assets with credit deterioration. ASU 2016-13 was applied through a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings (modified-retrospective approach). In addition, ASC 326 made changes to the accounting for available-for-sale (“AFS”) debt securities. One such change requires credit losses to be presented as an allowance rather than as a write-down on AFS securities. Management does not intend to sell or believes that it is more likely than not that they will be required to sell. We adopted ASC 326 effective July 1, 2023, using the modified retrospective method for all financial assets measured at amortized cost and off-balance sheet (“OBS”) credit exposures. Upon adoption of the ASU we recorded an increase in the allowance for credit loss (“ACL”) for loans which represented a $497,000 increase from the Allowance for Loan Losses (“ALLL”) at June 30, 2023. This transaction further resulted in an increase of $54,000 to the ACL for unfunded commitments, a decrease of $414,000 to retained earnings and a deferred tax asset of $137,000. A liability of $57,000 is in place at September 30, 2024 to account for off-balance sheet unfunded commitments compared to $54,000 at September 30, 2023. Management considers contractual commitments, most of which are commitments to complete construction projects or the balance of unfunded lines of credit. These totaled approximately $23.6 million at September 30, 2024 and $26.1 million at September 30, 2023. To calculate the liability, management applied a loss criteria similar to that used for funded loans to calculate the ACL. The following table illustrates the impact of ASC 326 at July 1, 2023:
|  | As Reported |  |  | Pre-ASC |  |  | Impact of |
|  | Under |  |  | 326 |  |  | ASC 326 |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | ASC 326 |  |  | Adoption |  |  | Adoption |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
One- to four-family |  | $ | 1,597 |  |  | $ | 857 |  |  | $ | 740 |
Multi-family |  |  | 133 |  |  |  | 278 |  |  |  | (145 | )
Construction |  |  | 138 |  |  |  | 41 |  |  |  | 97 |
Land |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 14 |
Farm |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 2 |
Nonresidential real estate |  |  | 184 |  |  |  | 405 |  |  |  | (221 | )
Commercial and industrial |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 23 |  |  |  | (18 | )
Consumer and other: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | - |
Loans on deposits |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | (1 | )
Home equity |  |  | 51 |  |  |  | 23 |  |  |  | 28 |
Automobile |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1 |
Unsecured |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | - |
Allowance for credit losses on loans |  | $ | 2,131 |  |  |  | 1,634 |  |  |  | 497 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for credit losses on unfunded credit exposures |  | $ | 54 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 54 |
ASU 2019-05, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses, Targeted Transition Relief, allows entities to irrevocably elect, upon adoption of ASU 2016-13, the fair value option on financial instruments that (1) were previously recorded at amortized cost and (2) are within the scope of ASC 326-20, if the instruments are eligible for the fair value option under ASC 825-10. The fair value option election does not apply to held-to-maturity debt securities. Entities are required to make this election on an instrument-by-instrument basis. ASU 2019-05 has the same effective date as ASU 2016-13. We adopted ASU 2019-05 on July 1, 2023, and did not elect the fair value option on any financial instruments. ASU No. 2022-02, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures, eliminates the accounting guidance for troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) by creditors in Subtopic 310-40, Receivables-Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors, for entities that have adopted the current expected credit loss model introduced by ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. ASU 2022-02 also requires disclosure by public business entities of current-period gross write-offs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investments in leases within the scope of Subtopic 326-20, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses-Measured at Amortized Cost. The Company adopted the standard on July 1, 2023. Other accounting standards that have been issued or proposed by the FASB or other standards-setting bodies are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

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