<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001493152-22-035118.txt : 20221212
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<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20221212080518
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001493152-22-035118
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		14
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20221212
ITEM INFORMATION:		Regulation FD Disclosure
ITEM INFORMATION:		Other Events
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20221212
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20221212

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			Dare Bioscience, Inc.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001401914
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS [2834]
		IRS NUMBER:				204139823
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-36395
		FILM NUMBER:		221456198

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		3655 NOBEL DRIVE
		STREET 2:		SUITE 260
		CITY:			SAN DIEGO
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			92122
		BUSINESS PHONE:		858-926-7655

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		3655 NOBEL DRIVE
		STREET 2:		SUITE 260
		CITY:			SAN DIEGO
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			92122

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	Cerulean Pharma Inc.
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20090714

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	Tempo Pharmaceuticals Inc
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20070604
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<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"></p>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><div style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><div style="border-top: Black 4pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 1pt">&#160;</div></div><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 18pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 18pt"><b>UNITED
STATES</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 18pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 18pt"><b>SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 12pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt"><b>Washington,
D.C. 20549</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 18pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 18pt"><b>FORM
<span id="xdx_90A_edei--DocumentType_c20221212__20221212_zcYQAwRn5Fci"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-12-12to2022-12-12" name="dei:DocumentType">8-K</ix:nonNumeric></span></b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>CURRENT
REPORT</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Pursuant
to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">Date
of Report (Date of earliest event reported): <span id="xdx_90E_edei--DocumentPeriodEndDate_c20221212__20221212_z15BGGeuJLv6"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-12-12to2022-12-12" format="ixt:datemonthdayyearen" name="dei:DocumentPeriodEndDate">December 12, 2022</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 18pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 18pt"><b>DAR&#201;
BIOSCIENCE, INC.</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Exact
name of registrant as specified in its charter)</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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or other jurisdiction</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">of
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Employer</span></p>
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<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="xdx_900_edei--EntityAddressAddressLine1_c20221212__20221212_zKe20VPGA4Nc"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-12-12to2022-12-12" name="dei:EntityAddressAddressLine1">3655
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<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="xdx_905_edei--EntityAddressCityOrTown_c20221212__20221212_zvfwDOjQ46Pj"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-12-12to2022-12-12" name="dei:EntityAddressCityOrTown">San
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<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Address
of Principal Executive Offices and Zip Code)</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">Registrant&#8217;s
telephone number, including area code: <b><span id="xdx_90D_edei--CityAreaCode_c20221212__20221212_zTnY6zxpyZz6"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-12-12to2022-12-12" name="dei:CityAreaCode">(858)</ix:nonNumeric></span> <span id="xdx_904_edei--LocalPhoneNumber_c20221212__20221212_zcz4dcYXgBx6"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-12-12to2022-12-12" name="dei:LocalPhoneNumber">926-7655</ix:nonNumeric></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="xdx_902_edei--EntityInformationFormerLegalOrRegisteredName_c20221212__20221212_zRzVj2FMso8h"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-12-12to2022-12-12" name="dei:EntityInformationFormerLegalOrRegisteredName">Not
Applicable</ix:nonNumeric></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Former
name or former address, if changed since last report.)</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">Check
the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under
any of the following provisions (<i>see</i> General Instruction A.2. below):</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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    communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_906_edei--SolicitingMaterial_c20221212__20221212_z8NQPzZItdU6"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-12-12to2022-12-12" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:SolicitingMaterial">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></td>
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    material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)</span></td></tr>
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    communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pre-commencement
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<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">Securities
registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

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    Symbol(s)</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; width: 2%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (&#167;230.405
of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (&#167;240.12b-2 of this chapter).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">Emerging
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<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying
with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. &#9744;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"></p>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><div style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><div style="border-top: Black 1.5pt solid; border-bottom: Black 4pt solid; font-size: 1pt">&#160;</div></div><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"></p>

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    <div style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; margin-bottom: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="width: 100%">&#160;</td></tr></table></div>
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<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; width: 0.75in"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Item
    7.01</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Regulation
    FD Disclosure.</b></span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span>On
December 12, 2022, Dar&#233; Bioscience, Inc. (&#8220;Dar&#233;&#8221;) issued a press release announcing a new development program,
DARE-PDM1, and reviewing portfolio accomplishments in 2022 and anticipated milestones in 2023. A copy of the press release is attached
as Exhibit 99.1 to this report.</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
information contained in this Item 7.01, including in Exhibit 99.1 hereto, is being &#8220;furnished&#8221; and shall not be deemed &#8220;filed&#8221;
for the purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that Section
or Sections 11 and 12(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The information contained in this Item 7.01 and in Exhibit 99.1
shall not be incorporated by reference into any filing with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (&#8220;SEC&#8221;) made by Dar&#233;,
whether made before or after the date hereof, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; width: 0.75in"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Item
    8.01</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Other
    Events.</b></span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
December 12, 2022, Dar&#233; issued a press release announcing development of a new product candidate, DARE-PDM1, an investigational,
proprietary hydrogel formulated with diclofenac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, for vaginal administration as a treatment for
primary dysmenorrhea. A Phase 1 clinical study of DARE-PDM1 is targeted for 2023.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the press release, Dar&#233; also reviewed that other anticipated 2023 portfolio milestones include: (1) the first commercial sale
of XACIATO&#8482; (clindamycin phosphate) vaginal gel, 2%, expected in the first half of 2023 in the United States; (2) announcement
of topline data from the exploratory Phase 2b RESPOND clinical study of Sildenafil Cream, 3.6%, targeted for the second quarter of 2023;
and (3) initiation of participant recruitment for the pivotal Phase 3 clinical study of Ovaprene<sup>&#174;</sup>, targeted for mid-2023.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Forward-Looking
Statements</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dar&#233;
cautions you that all statements, other than statements of historical facts, contained in this report, are forward-looking statements.
Forward-looking statements, in some cases, can be identified by terms such as &#8220;believe,&#8221; &#8220;may,&#8221; &#8220;will,&#8221;
&#8220;estimate,&#8221; &#8220;continue,&#8221; &#8220;anticipate,&#8221; &#8220;design,&#8221; &#8220;intend,&#8221; &#8220;expect,&#8221;
&#8220;could,&#8221; &#8220;plan,&#8221; &#8220;potential,&#8221; &#8220;predict,&#8221; &#8220;seek,&#8221; &#8220;should,&#8221; &#8220;would,&#8221;
&#8220;contemplate,&#8221; &#8220;project,&#8221; &#8220;target,&#8221; &#8220;objective,&#8221; or the negative version of these words
and similar expressions. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements relating to plans and expectations with
respect to Dar&#233;&#8217;s product candidates, including anticipated timing for commencement and conduct of clinical trials and clinical
trial data readouts, potential regulatory approval pathways, potential for FDA approval based on a single pivotal clinical study, and
potential to be first-line and/or first-in-category products, expectations regarding the commercial launch of XACIATO in the U.S., expectations
regarding commercial collaborations and potential payments under commercial collaboration agreements, expectations regarding market potential
for women&#8217;s health products outside of oncology, expectations regarding potential for investment in women&#8217;s health product
candidates to be efficient and disproportionately impactful in terms of translating dollars invested in research and development to sales
revenue, and expectations regarding Dar&#233;&#8217;s business model. Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties
and other factors that may cause Dar&#233;&#8217;s actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those
expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements, including, without limitation: Dar&#233;&#8217;s ability to develop, obtain
FDA or foreign regulatory approval for, and commercialize its product candidates and to do so on communicated timelines; failure or delay
in starting, conducting and completing clinical trials of a product candidate; Dar&#233;&#8217;s ability to design and conduct successful
clinical trials, to enroll a sufficient number of patients, to meet established clinical endpoints, to avoid undesirable side effects
and other safety concerns, and to demonstrate sufficient safety and efficacy of its product candidates; Dar&#233;&#8217;s dependence
on third parties to conduct clinical trials and manufacture and supply clinical trial material and commercial product; Dar&#233;&#8217;s
ability to raise additional capital when and as needed to advance its product candidates, execute its business strategy and continue
as a going concern; the loss of, or inability to attract, key personnel; the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, macroeconomic conditions
and geopolitical events on Dar&#233;&#8217;s operations, financial results and condition, and ability to achieve current plans and
objectives, including the potential impact of the pandemic on Dar&#233;&#8217;s ability to timely enroll, conduct and report results
of its clinical trials and on the ability of third parties on which Dar&#233; relies to assist in the conduct of its business to fulfill
their contractual obligations to Dar&#233;; the risk that positive findings in early clinical and/or nonclinical studies of a product
candidate may not be predictive of success in subsequent clinical and/or nonclinical studies of that candidate; the risk that developments
by competitors make Dar&#233;&#8217;s product or product candidates less competitive or obsolete; difficulties establishing and sustaining
relationships with development and/or commercial collaborators; failure of Dar&#233;&#8217;s product or product candidates, if approved,
to gain market acceptance or obtain adequate coverage or reimbursement from third-party payers; Dar&#233;&#8217;s ability to retain
its licensed rights to develop and commercialize a product or product candidate; Dar&#233;&#8217;s ability to satisfy the monetary
obligations and other requirements in connection with its exclusive, in-license agreements covering the critical patents and related
intellectual property related to its product and product candidates; Dar&#233;&#8217;s ability to adequately protect or enforce its,
or its licensor&#8217;s, intellectual property rights; the lack of patent protection for the active ingredients in certain of Dar&#233;&#8217;s
product candidates which could expose its products to competition from other formulations using the same active ingredients; product
liability claims; governmental investigations or actions relating to Dar&#233;&#8217;s product or product candidates or the business
activities of Dar&#233;, its commercial collaborators or other third parties on which Dar&#233; relies; the impact of pharmaceutical
industry regulation and health care legislation in the United States and internationally; global trends toward health care cost containment;
cyber attacks, security breaches or similar events that compromise Dar&#233;&#8217;s technology systems or those of third parties on
which it relies and/or significantly disrupt Dar&#233;&#8217;s business; and disputes or other developments concerning Dar&#233;&#8217;s
intellectual property rights. Dar&#233;&#8217;s forward-looking statements are based upon its current expectations and involve assumptions
that may never materialize or may prove to be incorrect. All forward-looking statements are expressly qualified in their entirety by
these cautionary statements. For a detailed description of Dar&#233;&#8217;s risks and uncertainties, you are encouraged to review
its documents filed with the SEC including Dar&#233;&#8217;s recent filings on Form 8-K, Form 10-K and Form 10-Q. You are cautioned
not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date on which they were made. Dar&#233; undertakes
no obligation to update such statements to reflect events that occur or circumstances that exist after the date on which they were made,
except as required by law.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; width: 0.75in"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Item
    9.01</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Financial
    Statements and Exhibits.</b></span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)
Exhibits</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; width: 0.75in"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">Exhibit
    No. </span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; width: 0.1in"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">Description</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">99.1</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; text-align: justify"><a href="ex99-1.htm"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">Press release issued on December 12, 2022</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">104</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cover
    Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"></p>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 2; Options: NewSection; Value: 2 -->
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<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>SIGNATURES</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by
the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>DAR&#201;
    BIOSCIENCE, INC.</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 50%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dated:
    December 12, 2022</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 5%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 45%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>/s/
    Sabrina Martucci Johnson</i></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">Sabrina
    Martucci Johnson</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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<TYPE>EX-99.1
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<FILENAME>ex99-1.htm
<TEXT>
<HTML>
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     <TITLE></TITLE>
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<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Exhibit
99.1</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><IMG SRC="ex99-1_001.jpg" ALT=""></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Dar&eacute;
Bioscience Announces New Development Program, DARE-PDM1, as a Potential First-in-Category Treatment for Primary Dysmenorrhea</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>DARE-PDM1
Utilizes Proprietary Hydrogel Technology for Vaginal Delivery of Diclofenac, a Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory; Phase 1 Study Targeted
for 2023</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>2022
Dar&eacute; Portfolio Accomplishments Include</I></B><I>:</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Two
Additional Portfolio Programs (DARE-GML and grant-funded DARE-LBT);</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>License
Agreement with Organon to Commercialize XACIATO<SUP>TM</SUP>;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Ovaprene<SUP>&reg;
</SUP>IDE Approval for Pivotal Contraceptive Efficacy Study;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Positive
Phase 1/2 Data for both DARE-HRT1 and DARE-VVA1</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>2023
Anticipated Milestones Include:</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>XACIATO
First Commercial Sale;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Sildenafil
Cream, 3.6% for Female Sexual Arousal Disorder Phase 2b Topline Data;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Ovaprene
Pivotal Study Recruitment; DARE-PDM1 Phase 1 Study</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">SAN
DIEGO, December 12, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) &mdash; Dar&eacute; Bioscience, Inc. (NASDAQ: DARE), a leader in women&rsquo;s health innovation,
today announced a new development program targeted at treating primary dysmenorrhea by delivering the active pharmaceutical ingredient
diclofenac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), in a novel way. Dar&eacute;&rsquo;s new investigational product, DARE-PDM1,
will deliver diclofenac vaginally via the Company&rsquo;s proprietary hydrogel technology. A Phase 1 study of DARE-PDM1 is targeted for
2023. Because there are currently no FDA-approved vaginal diclofenac treatment options for primary dysmenorrhea, DARE-PDM1 has the potential
to be a first-in-category product. Following clinical development, Dar&eacute; intends to leverage the existing safety and efficacy data
for diclofenac to utilize the U.S. Food and Drug Administration&rsquo;s (FDA) 505(b)(2) pathway to obtain marketing approval of DARE-PDM1
in the U.S.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;Calendar
2022 has been an incredibly successful year for our portfolio in terms of:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">1)
expanding our portfolio with additional differentiated product candidates that we believe further our leadership as an accelerator of
innovative products in women&rsquo;s health;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">2)
securing a global commercialization collaboration for our first FDA-approved product, XACIATO (clindamycin phosphate) vaginal gel, 2%,
a single-dose prescription medication for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis in females 12 years of age and older, which is the second
commercial collaboration agreement for our portfolio (the first was entered into with Bayer in 2020 for Ovaprene); and</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">3)
demonstrating clinical success (such as with DARE-HRT1 and DARE-VVA1) and advancing regulatory and clinical development to enable important
2023 milestones (such as the Sildenafil Cream Phase 2b topline data targeted for 2Q-2023 and Ovaprene pivotal study recruitment initiation
targeted for mid-2023),&rdquo; said Sabrina Martucci Johnson, President and CEO of Dar&eacute; Bioscience.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;As
a company, we are committed to addressing unmet needs in women&rsquo;s health. We believe that we have assembled a robust portfolio in
women&rsquo;s health and that all of our programs have the opportunity to be either first-line or first-in-category, or both,&rdquo;
Johnson added. &ldquo;It is our belief that prioritizing women&rsquo;s health is not only good for the many women lacking effective or
convenient therapeutic choices, but also for a broad set of stakeholders, because contraception, fertility, and vaginal and sexual health,
our areas of focus, are compelling markets impacting millions of women and we have seen that innovation in these areas has led to commercially
successful brands. Specifically, we find these market research statistics compelling: Only approximately 1% of healthcare research is
invested in female-specific conditions beyond oncology, and women&rsquo;s health conditions outside of oncology comprise less than 2%
of the current healthcare pipeline. Yet, women&rsquo;s health products outside of oncology make up 27% of the total number of blockbuster
products (products that each have over $500 million in annual sales) and contribute 35% of the total sales dollars generated by blockbuster
products. This is why we believe investment in women&rsquo;s health will be efficient and disproportionately impactful in terms of translating
dollars invested in R&amp;D to ultimate revenue generated, and therefore, not only good for the 50% of the population to whom these products
are targeted, but also a good business model.&rdquo;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>About
Primary Dysmenorrhea and DARE-PDM1</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">Primary
dysmenorrhea is defined as painful menstruation in women with normal pelvic anatomy, typically described as cramping pain in the lower
abdomen before or during the menstrual period. Primary dysmenorrhea usually begins during adolescence and is a leading cause of recurrent
short-term school absence in adolescent girls and a common problem in women of reproductive age. Recent market research suggests that
the global market for dysmenorrhea treatment is estimated to be valued at USD $11 billion and that the size of this market is expected
to increase to USD $25 billion by the year 2028. According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists&rsquo; Committee
on Adolescent Health Care, dysmenorrhea is the most common menstrual symptom among adolescent girls and young women, and most adolescents
experiencing dysmenorrhea have primary dysmenorrhea. Prevalence rates of dysmenorrhea vary but range from 50% to 90%. A prospective study
of college students found that 72% of monitored periods were painful, most commonly during the first day of menses, and 60% of the women
studied reported at least one episode of severe pain.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;Utilizing
the same hydrogel technology found in XACIATO, and consistent with our portfolio of differentiated and novel product candidates, we are
developing DARE-PDM1 to address a critical unmet medical need in women&rsquo;s health,&rdquo; said Dr. Annie Thurman, Medical Director
of Dar&eacute; Bioscience. &ldquo;The most common interventions for primary dysmenorrhea include oral NSAIDs and hormonal contraceptives
which often can produce undesirable side effects. By incorporating diclofenac into our proprietary hydrogel for vaginal administration,
we believe we can provide a treatment option that addresses the pain-related symptoms of the condition while minimizing side effects
commonly seen with use of oral NSAIDs,&rdquo; continued Dr. Thurman.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><U>Portfolio
Updates Previously Announced in 2022:</U></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>XACIATO&trade;
(clindamycin phosphate) vaginal gel, 2%, FDA-approved for treatment of bacterial vaginosis in females 12 years of age and older</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">Bacterial
vaginosis is the most common cause of vaginitis worldwide and is estimated to affect approximately 21 million women in the U.S. The condition
results from an overgrowth of bacteria, which upsets the balance of the natural vaginal microbiome and can lead to symptoms of odor and
discharge.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
June, Dar&eacute; <U>announced</U> that the exclusive license agreement entered into in March 2022 with Organon (NYSE: OGN), a global
women&rsquo;s healthcare company, became fully effective. Under the agreement, Organon licensed global rights to XACIATO. Under the license
agreement Dar&eacute; received a $10 million cash payment from Organon after the license became effective. Dar&eacute; is eligible to
receive potential milestone payments of up to $182.5 million as well as tiered double-digit royalties based on net sales. Launch preparation
activities are ongoing and the first commercial sale of XACIATO is anticipated in the first half of 2023 in the U.S.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Ovaprene&reg;
- investigational hormone-free monthly intravaginal contraceptive</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
October, Dar&eacute; <U>announced</U> that the FDA approved an Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) application allowing Dar&eacute;
to proceed with a single arm, open-label pivotal contraceptive efficacy study of Ovaprene. The multi-center, single arm, non-comparative,
pivotal Phase 3 study will evaluate Ovaprene&rsquo;s effectiveness as a contraceptive device along with its safety and usability. If
successful, Dar&eacute; expects the pivotal study to support marketing approvals of Ovaprene in the U.S. and other countries. The Ovaprene
investigator meeting for the pivotal study took place in December and initiation of recruitment for the study is targeted for mid-2023.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
January 2020, Dar&eacute; and Bayer <U>announced</U> an exclusive licensing agreement for U.S. commercial rights to Ovaprene. Under the
agreement, Dar&eacute; received an upfront payment and access to Bayer&rsquo;s extensive clinical, regulatory, manufacturing and commercial
expertise while retaining control over Ovaprene&rsquo;s development and regulatory approval process. Bayer received the right to obtain
exclusive rights to commercialize the product in the U.S. following completion of the pivotal clinical trial being undertaken by Dar&eacute;.
If Bayer, in its sole discretion, makes payment to Dar&eacute; of $20 million, which Dar&eacute; intends to apply to reimbursement of
clinical study costs, then the exclusive license to commercialize Ovaprene in the U.S. will become effective. Dar&eacute; will also be
entitled to receive commercial milestone payments potentially totaling $310 million, in addition to double digit tiered royalties on
net sales.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
Ovaprene is approved by the FDA, it could be the first monthly non-hormonal contraceptive product for women and a first-in-category option
for women seeking a hormone-free, self-administered and monthly birth control method.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Sildenafil
Cream, 3.6% - investigational treatment for female sexual arousal disorder</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
a joint communication released in November of this year, Dar&eacute; and its development partner, Strategic Science and Technologies,
LLC, <U>reported</U> that subject screening for the exploratory Phase 2b RESPOND clinical study of Sildenafil Cream, 3.6% had completed,
allowing for a topline data announcement target of 2Q-2023. The Phase 2b RESPOND clinical study is a multi-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled
study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Sildenafil Cream, 3.6% in premenopausal patients with female sexual arousal disorder (FSAD).
Approximately 160 to 170 subjects in total are expected to complete the study for inclusion in the topline data assessment targeted for
2Q-2023.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">Sildenafil
Cream is a proprietary topical formulation of sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitor, being developed as a first-in-category
option for the treatment of FSAD. FSAD is the inability to reach or maintain a sufficient physical response to sexual stimulation and,
of the various types of female sexual dysfunction disorders, FSAD is most analogous to erectile dysfunction (ED) in men. Sildenafil is
the active ingredient in a tablet for oral administration currently marketed under the brand name Viagra&reg; for the treatment of ED
in men. Market research suggests that 16% of women in the U.S. ages 21 to 60, or approximately 10 million women, are distressed from
experiencing symptoms associated with FSAD, including lack of or low sexual arousal, and are actively seeking solutions to improve their
condition. For context on the potential market opportunity for an FDA-approved treatment for FSAD, the prevalence of complete ED in men
is estimated to be about 5% of men at age 40, increasing to about 15% at age 70.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
clinical development is successful, Sildenafil Cream, 3.6% has the potential to be the first FDA-approved FSAD treatment option.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>DARE-HRT1
&amp; DARE-VVA1 Phase 1/2 data</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
April, Dar&eacute; <U>announced</U> the initiation of a Phase 1/2 clinical study of DARE-HRT1, a novel, investigational intravaginal
ring (IVR) designed to deliver bio-identical 17&beta;-estradiol and bio-identical progesterone continuously over a 28-day period as part
of a hormone therapy (HT) regimen following menopause. HT is used to treat the vasomotor symptoms (VMS) and genitourinary syndrome associated
with menopause. Positive efficacy results from this study were <U>announced</U> in October, including statistically significant results
for improvement in both the vasomotor and vaginal symptoms of menopause. Dar&eacute; anticipates that the topline pharmacokinetics (PK)
data from the study will be available and reported later in the fourth quarter of 2022.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;The
levels of estradiol released from both the lower and higher dose formulations of DARE-HRT1 achieved statistically significant improvement
in VMS as well as the genitourinary symptoms of menopause, and vaginal pH and maturation index,&rdquo; said David Friend PhD, Chief Scientific
Officer of Dar&eacute; Bioscience. &ldquo;DARE-HRT1 also had a high level of acceptability in the study, with 100% of subjects reporting
that the IVR was comfortable to wear and no reports of expulsion during use and over 95% of subjects stated they would be either somewhat
or very likely to use the IVR for a women&rsquo;s health condition or unrelated disease if needed.&rdquo;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
North American Menopause Society&rsquo;s (NAMS) guidance on hormone therapy states that dosing estrogen and progestogen in combination
may offer important benefits to women, and NAMS observed that non-oral routes of administration may offer advantages over orally administered
therapies.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">DARE-HRT1
has the potential to be the first FDA-approved monthly IVR delivering both estrogen and progestogen hormone therapy.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">Positive
topline results from a Phase 1/2 clinical study of DARE-VVA1 were also <U>announced</U> this year, in November. The Phase 1/2 study evaluated
different doses of DARE-VVA1, a tamoxifen vaginal insert, in 17 postmenopausal women with vulvar and vaginal atrophy (VVA). DARE-VVA1
is an investigational, proprietary formulation of tamoxifen for intravaginal administration with the potential to be a first-in-category
treatment of VVA for women with or at-risk of hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer. Tamoxifen is a well-known and well-characterized
selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that has been prescribed by oncologists for decades for the treatment of breast cancer.
In breast tissue, tamoxifen acts as an estrogen antagonist. In contrast, in other tissues such as vaginal tissues, tamoxifen has been
reported to exert an estrogen-like response on vaginal cytology.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
DARE-VVA1 study was a randomized, multi-center, double-blind, parallel-arm, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study that evaluated the
safety, tolerability, plasma PK and pharmacodynamics (PD) of DARE-VVA1. Eligible participants were randomly allocated to one of five
treatment groups (approximately 4 participants per group) that evaluated four dose levels (1 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, and 20 mg) and a placebo.
Following a screening visit, DARE-VVA1 was self-administered intravaginally once a day for the first two weeks, and then twice a week
for the following six weeks for a total treatment period of 56 days. Intravaginal administration of DARE-VVA1 was well tolerated and
all treatment emergent adverse events were mild or moderate and equally distributed between participants randomized to study drug treatment
versus placebo. DARE-VVA1 demonstrated improvements in vaginal cytology parameters and self-assessed most bothersome symptoms of VVA
(vaginal dryness or pain with intercourse) that support ongoing development.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">VVA
is a common condition in postmenopausal women as well as women diagnosed with, or with a history of, HR+ breast cancer, who often report
VVA as one of the most unpleasant side effects of their cancer treatment. The prevalence of VVA in postmenopausal breast cancer patients
is estimated to be between 42 and 70 percent. Products containing estrogen are commonly used to treat VVA. However, the use of estrogen-containing
products for the treatment of VVA is often contraindicated for HR+ breast cancer patients and survivors because of the concern that estrogen
use will promote recurrence of disease.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">There
are currently no FDA-approved products labeled for VVA treatment for patients with or at risk of recurrence of HR+ breast cancer.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>New
Portfolio Candidates &ndash; DARE-LBT and DARE-GML</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>DARE-LBT
- novel hydrogel formulation for delivery of live biotherapeutics</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
November, Dar&eacute; <U>announced</U> it received a grant of $584,986 to support activities related to development of a vaginal thermosetting
gel formulation that can be reconstituted at the point of care for the delivery of live biotherapeutics to support vaginal health, such
as for administration following effective primary infection treatment to rebalance the vaginal microbiota disrupted by the infection.
If successful, the formulation could be carried forward for further development as a delivery vehicle with potential to enhance the availability
of novel therapeutics for vaginal health in the United States and worldwide, including in countries with varying climatic conditions
or where extended storage may be required. There are currently no FDA approved live biotherapeutics for vaginal health.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>DARE-GML
- novel antimicrobial glycerol monolaurate</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
August, Dar&eacute; <U>announced</U> it entered into a license agreement with Hennepin Life Sciences LLC under which Dar&eacute; acquired
the exclusive global rights to develop and commercialize treatments delivering the novel antimicrobial glycerol monolaurate (GML) intravaginally
for a variety of vaginal health conditions including bacterial, fungal, and viral infections. GML is a naturally occurring fatty acid
monoester that has shown broad antimicrobial activity, killing bacteria, fungi, and viruses, and represents a new class of antimicrobials.
GML has the potential to be a first-in-category multi-target antimicrobial agent.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>About
Dar&eacute; Bioscience</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dar&eacute;
Bioscience is a biopharmaceutical company committed to advancing innovative products for women&rsquo;s health. The company&rsquo;s mission
is to identify, develop and bring to market a diverse portfolio of differentiated therapies that prioritize women&rsquo;s health and
well-being, expand treatment options, and improve outcomes, primarily in the areas of contraception, fertility, and vaginal and sexual
health.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dar&eacute;&rsquo;s
first FDA-approved product, XACIATO<SUP>TM</SUP> (clindamycin phosphate) vaginal gel, 2% is a lincosamide antibacterial indicated for
the treatment of bacterial vaginosis in female patients 12 years of age and older, which is under a global license agreement with Organon.
XACIATO is a clear, colorless, viscous gel, to be administered once intravaginally as a single dose. Dar&eacute;&rsquo;s portfolio also
includes potential first-in-category candidates in clinical development: Ovaprene&reg;, a novel, hormone-free monthly intravaginal contraceptive
whose U.S. commercial rights are under a license agreement with Bayer; Sildenafil Cream, 3.6%, a novel cream formulation of sildenafil
to treat female sexual arousal disorder utilizing the active ingredient in Viagra&reg;; and DARE-HRT1, a combination bio-identical estradiol
and progesterone intravaginal ring for hormone therapy following menopause. To learn more about XACIATO, Dar&eacute;&rsquo;s full portfolio
of women&rsquo;s health product candidates, and Dar&eacute;&rsquo;s mission to deliver differentiated therapies for women, please visit
<U>www.darebioscience.com.</U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dar&eacute;
may announce material information about its finances, product and product candidates, clinical trials and other matters using the Investors
section of its website (<U>http://ir.darebioscience.com</U>), SEC filings, press releases, public conference calls and webcasts. Dar&eacute;
will use these channels to distribute material information about the company, and may also use social media to communicate important
information about the company, its finances, product and product candidates, clinical trials and other matters. The information Dar&eacute;
posts on its investor relations website or through social media channels may be deemed to be material information. Dar&eacute; encourages
investors, the media, and others interested in the company to review the information Dar&eacute; posts in the Investors section of its
website and to follow these Twitter accounts: @SabrinaDareCEO and @DareBioscience. Any updates to the list of social media channels the
company may use to communicate information will be posted in the Investors section of Dar&eacute;&rsquo;s website.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Forward-Looking
Statements</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Dar&eacute;
cautions you that all statements, other than statements of historical facts, contained in this press release, are forward-looking statements.
Forward-looking statements, in some cases, can be identified by terms such as &ldquo;believe,&rdquo; &ldquo;may,&rdquo; &ldquo;will,&rdquo;
&ldquo;estimate,&rdquo; &ldquo;continue,&rdquo; &ldquo;anticipate,&rdquo; &ldquo;design,&rdquo; &ldquo;intend,&rdquo; &ldquo;expect,&rdquo;
&ldquo;could,&rdquo; &ldquo;plan,&rdquo; &ldquo;potential,&rdquo; &ldquo;predict,&rdquo; &ldquo;seek,&rdquo; &ldquo;should,&rdquo; &ldquo;would,&rdquo;
&ldquo;contemplate,&rdquo; &ldquo;project,&rdquo; &ldquo;target,&rdquo; &ldquo;objective,&rdquo; or the negative version of these words
and similar expressions. In this press release, forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements relating to plans
and expectations with respect to Dar&eacute;&rsquo;s product candidates, including anticipated timing for commencement and conduct of
clinical trials and clinical trial data readouts, potential regulatory approval pathways, potential for FDA approval based on a single
pivotal clinical study, and potential to be first-line and/or first-in-category products, expectations regarding the commercial launch
of XACIATO in the U.S., expectations regarding commercial collaborations and potential payments under commercial collaboration agreements,
expectations regarding market potential for women&rsquo;s health products outside of oncology, expectations regarding potential for investment
in women&rsquo;s health product candidates to be efficient and disproportionately impactful in terms of translating dollars invested
in research and development to sales revenue, and expectations regarding Dar&eacute;&rsquo;s business model. Forward-looking statements
involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause Dar&eacute;&rsquo;s actual results, performance or achievements
to be materially different from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements in this press release, including, without
limitation: Dar&eacute;&rsquo;s ability to develop, obtain FDA or foreign regulatory approval for, and commercialize its product candidates
and to do so on communicated timelines; failure or delay in starting, conducting and completing clinical trials of a product candidate;
Dar&eacute;&rsquo;s ability to design and conduct successful clinical trials, to enroll a sufficient number of patients, to meet established
clinical endpoints, to avoid undesirable side effects and other safety concerns, and to demonstrate sufficient safety and efficacy of
its product candidates; Dar&eacute;&rsquo;s dependence on third parties to conduct clinical trials and manufacture and supply clinical
trial material and commercial product; Dar&eacute;&rsquo;s ability to raise additional capital when and as needed to advance its product
candidates, execute its business strategy and continue as a going concern; the loss of, or inability to attract, key personnel; the effects
of the COVID-19 pandemic, macroeconomic conditions and geopolitical events on Dar&eacute;&rsquo;s operations, financial results and condition,
and ability to achieve current plans and objectives, including the potential impact of the pandemic on Dar&eacute;&rsquo;s ability to
timely enroll, conduct and report results of its clinical trials and on the ability of third parties on which Dar&eacute; relies to assist
in the conduct of its business to fulfill their contractual obligations to Dar&eacute;; the risk that positive findings in early clinical
and/or nonclinical studies of a product candidate may not be predictive of success in subsequent clinical and/or nonclinical studies
of that candidate; the risk that developments by competitors make Dar&eacute;&rsquo;s product or product candidates less competitive
or obsolete; difficulties establishing and sustaining relationships with development and/or commercial collaborators; failure of Dar&eacute;&rsquo;s
product or product candidates, if approved, to gain market acceptance or obtain adequate coverage or reimbursement from third-party payers;
Dar&eacute;&rsquo;s ability to retain its licensed rights to develop and commercialize a product or product candidate; Dar&eacute;&rsquo;s
ability to satisfy the monetary obligations and other requirements in connection with its exclusive, in-license agreements covering the
critical patents and related intellectual property related to its product and product candidates; Dar&eacute;&rsquo;s ability to adequately
protect or enforce its, or its licensor&rsquo;s, intellectual property rights; the lack of patent protection for the active ingredients
in certain of Dar&eacute;&rsquo;s product candidates which could expose its products to competition from other formulations using the
same active ingredients; product liability claims; governmental investigations or actions relating to Dar&eacute;&rsquo;s product or
product candidates or the business activities of Dar&eacute;, its commercial collaborators or other third parties on which Dar&eacute;
relies; the impact of pharmaceutical industry regulation and health care legislation in the United States and internationally; global
trends toward health care cost containment; cyber attacks, security breaches or similar events that compromise Dar&eacute;&rsquo;s technology
systems or those of third parties on which it relies and/or significantly disrupt Dar&eacute;&rsquo;s business; and disputes or other
developments concerning Dar&eacute;&rsquo;s intellectual property rights. Dar&eacute;&rsquo;s forward-looking statements are based upon
its current expectations and involve assumptions that may never materialize or may prove to be incorrect. All forward-looking statements
are expressly qualified in their entirety by these cautionary statements. For a detailed description of Dar&eacute;&rsquo;s risks and
uncertainties, you are encouraged to review its documents filed with the SEC including Dar&eacute;&rsquo;s recent filings on Form 8-K,
Form 10-K and Form 10-Q. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date
on which they were made. Dar&eacute; undertakes no obligation to update such statements to reflect events that occur or circumstances
that exist after the date on which they were made, except as required by law.</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Contacts:</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">Investors
on behalf of Dar&eacute; Bioscience, Inc.:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">Lee
Roth</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">Burns
McClellan</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>lroth@burnsmc.com</U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">212.213.0006</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">OR</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">Media
on behalf of Dar&eacute; Bioscience, Inc.:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><BR>
Jake Robison<BR>
Evoke Canale<BR>
<U>jake.robison@evokegroup.com</U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">619.849.5383</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">Source:
Dar&eacute; Bioscience, Inc.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period Start Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period End Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Period Focus</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Year Focus</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:to="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Current Fiscal Year End Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity File Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:to="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Registrant Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Central Index Key</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Primary SIC Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Tax Identification Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line One</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Two</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Three</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, City or Town</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Country</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_CountryRegion" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CountryRegion" xlink:to="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Country Region</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:to="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">City Area Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:to="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Local Phone Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_Extension" xlink:label="dei_Extension" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Extension" xlink:to="dei_Extension_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Extension_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Extension</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:to="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Written Communications</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:to="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Soliciting Material</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(b) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:to="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">No Trading Symbol Flag</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trading Symbol</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:to="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(g) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:to="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Reporting Obligation</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:to="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Annual Information Form</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:to="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Audited Annual Financial Statements</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:to="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:label="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:to="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Voluntary Filers</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:label="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:to="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Current Reporting Status</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xlink:label="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xlink:to="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Interactive Data Current</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:label="dei_EntityFilerCategory" />
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>6
<FILENAME>dare-20221212_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL PRESENTATION FILE
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>7
<FILENAME>R1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.22.2.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140600442536368">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 12, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Dec. 12,  2022<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">001-36395<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">Dare Bioscience, Inc.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001401914<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">20-4139823<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">DE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">3655
Nobel Drive<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2', window );">Entity Address, Address Line Two</a></td>
<td class="text">Suite 260<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">San
Diego<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">CA<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">92122<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">(858)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">926-7655<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Common
    stock<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">DARE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NASDAQ<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityInformationFormerLegalOrRegisteredName', window );">Entity Information, Former Legal or Registered Name</a></td>
<td class="text">Not
Applicable<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period.  The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 2 such as Street or Suite number</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityInformationFormerLegalOrRegisteredName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Former Legal or Registered Name of an entity</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityInformationFormerLegalOrRegisteredName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Section 14a<br> -Number 240<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
