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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
 3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Accounting Policies [Abstract]    
Nature of Business

Nature of Business -Sigma Labs, Inc., formerly named Framewaves, Inc., a Nevada corporation, was founded by a group of scientists, engineers and businessmen to develop and commercialize novel and unique manufacturing and materials technologies. Sigma believes that some of these technologies will fundamentally redefine conventional quality assurance and process control practices by embedding them into the manufacturing processes in real time, enabling process intervention and ultimately leading to closed loop process control. The Company anticipates that its core technologies will allow its clientele to combine advanced manufacturing quality assurance and process control protocols with novel materials to achieve breakthrough product potential in many industries including aerospace, defense, oil and gas, bio-medical, and power generation. The terms the “Company,” “Sigma,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Sigma Labs, Inc.

Nature of Business –Sigma Labs, Inc., formerly named Framewaves, Inc., a Nevada corporation, was founded by a group of scientists, engineers and businessmen to develop and commercialize novel and unique manufacturing and materials technologies. Sigma believes that some of these technologies will fundamentally redefine conventional quality assurance and process control practices by embedding them into the manufacturing processes in real time, enabling process intervention and ultimately leading to closed loop process control. The Company anticipates that its core technologies will allow its clientele to combine advanced manufacturing quality assurance and process control protocols with novel materials to achieve breakthrough product potential in many industries including aerospace, defense, oil and gas, bio-medical, and power generation. The terms the “Company,” “Sigma,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Sigma Labs, Inc.
Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation - The accompanying financial statements have been prepared by the Company in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”) in the United States of America. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (which include only normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations and cash flows at March 31, 2018 and 2017 and for the periods then ended have been made. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles have been condensed or omitted. The Company suggests these condensed financial statements be read in conjunction with the December 31, 2017 audited financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Form 10-K. The results of operations for the periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full year.

Basis of Presentation – The accompanying financial statements have been prepared by the Company in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”) in the United States of America. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (which include only normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations and cash flows at December 31, 2017 and 2016 and for the periods then ended have been made.
Reclassification

Reclassification - Certain amounts in prior-period financial statements have been reclassified for comparative purposes to conform to presentation in the current-period financial statements.

Reclassification – Certain amounts in prior-period financial statements have been reclassified for comparative purposes to conform to presentation in the current-period financial statements.
Continuing Operations

Continuing Operations - The Company has sustained losses and had negative cash flows from operating activities since its inception. The Company has raised significant equity capital and is developing new products with commercial applications that may increase future revenues. On February 21, 2017, the Company closed an underwritten public offering of equity securities resulting in net proceeds of approximately $5.25 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses payable by the Company. The Company was able to fund operations for 2017 with these funds and end the year with a cash balance of $1,515,674. On March 28, 2018, Sigma received $535,000 in full payment of the Morf 3D note and related accrued interest balance. In addition, on April 6, 2018, the Company closed a private placement offering of equity securities resulting in net proceeds of approximately $840,000, after deducting commissions and other offering expenses payable by the Company. As a result, the Company currently has sufficient cash and working capital to fund operations through 2018 and is anticipating that significant sales contracts may be closed in the second half of fiscal 2018 generating material additional cash flow in the near term.

  
Loss Per Share

Loss Per Share - The computation of loss per share is based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period in accordance with ASC Topic No. 260, “Earnings Per Share.” Shares underlying the Companies outstanding warrants, options or note conversion features were excluded due to the anti-dilutive effect they would have on the computation. At March 31, 2018 the Company had 1,645,500 warrants, 493,626 stock options and a $100,000 Convertible Note Payable outstanding. The total number of shares of common stock underlying these instruments is 2,139,126.

 

The following data shows the amounts used in computing loss per share and the effect on income and the weighted average number of shares of dilutive potential common stock for the periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017:

  

    Three Months Ended March 31  
    2018     2017  
Net Loss per Common Share – Basic and Diluted   $ (.23 )   $ (.26 )
Loss from continuing                
Operations available to                
Common stockholders (numerator)   $ (1,170,876 )   $ (943,965 )
                 
Weighted average number of common shares Outstanding used in loss per share during the Period (denominator)     4,997,534       3,835,875  

Loss Per Share – The computation of loss per share is based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period in accordance with ASC Topic No. 260, “Earnings Per Share.” Shares underlying the Companies outstanding warrants, options or note conversion features were excluded due to the anti-dilutive effect they would have on the computation. At December 31, 2017 the Company had 1,434,000 warrants, 299,938 stock options and a $100,000 Convertible Note Payable outstanding. The total number of shares of common stock underlying these instruments is 1,783,938.
Recently Enacted Accounting Standards

Recently Enacted Accounting Standards – The FASB established the Accounting Standards Codification (“Codification” or “ASC”) as the source of authoritative accounting principles recognized by the FASB to be applied by nongovernmental entities in the preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”). Rules and interpretive releases of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) issued under authority of federal securities laws are also sources of GAAP for SEC registrants.

 

Recent Accounting Standards Updates (“ASU”) through ASU No. 2018-05 contain technical corrections to existing guidance or affects guidance to specialized industries or situations. The Company has evaluated recently issued technical pronouncements and has determined that, other than ASU 2014-09 (Topic 606), addressed below, these updates have no current applicability to the Company or their effect on the financial statements would not have been significant.

 

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09 (Topic 606) “Revenue from Contracts with Customers.” Topic 606 supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in Topic 605, “Revenue Recognition” (Topic 605), and requires entities to recognize revenue when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to customers at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. On January 1, 2018, we adopted Topic 606 and all related amendments (“new revenue standard”) to those contracts which were not completed as of January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method. The comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods. There is no adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings due to the cumulative effect of initially applying the new revenue standard determined to be immaterial. We expect the impact of the adoption of the new revenue standard to be immaterial to our net income on an ongoing basis. 

  
Accounting Estimates

Accounting Estimates - The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect certain reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimated by management. Significant accounting estimates that may materially change in the near future are impairment of long-lived assets, values of stock compensation awards and stock equivalents granted as offering costs, and allowance for bad debts and inventory obsolescence.

Accounting Estimates - The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect certain reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimated by management. Significant accounting estimates that may materially change in the near future are impairment of long-lived assets, values of stock compensation awards and stock equivalents granted as offering costs, and allowance for bad debts and inventory obsolescence.
Property and Equipment  

Property and Equipment – Property and equipment are stated at cost. Expenditures for major renewals and betterments that extend the useful lives of property and equipment are capitalized upon being placed in service. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The estimated life has been determined to be five years unless a unique circumstance exists, which is then fully documented as an exception to the policy.

 

In accordance with its policy, the Company reviews the estimated useful lives of its fixed assets on an ongoing basis. This review indicated that the actual useful life of the leasehold improvements the Company made to the leased facilities at 3900 Paseo del Sol, Santa Fe, New Mexico in 2014, is less than the fifteen year estimated useful life that was being used for amortization purposes in the Company’s financial statements. As a result, effective January 1, 2017, the Company changed the estimated useful life of these improvements to seven years. The effect of this change in estimate was to increase 2017 amortization expense by $12,291 and increase 2017 net loss by $8,509.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments  

Fair Value of Financial Instruments - The Company applies ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements.” This guidance defines fair value, establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosures of fair value measurement and enhances disclosure requirements for fair value measures. The three levels are defined as follows:

 

  ● Level 1 inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

 

  ● Level 2 inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.

 

  ● Level 3 inputs to valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair measurement.

   

The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheets for the cash and cash equivalents, prepaid stock compensation, receivables, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities each qualify as financial instruments and are a reasonable estimate of fair value because on the short period of time between the origination of such instruments and their expected realization and their current market rate of interest.

 

Fair value of financial instruments is as follows:

 

    December 31, 2017   December 31, 2016
    Fair Value    

Input

Level

   Fair Value    

Input

Level

                     
Derivative liability –Notes & Warrants   $ -     Level 3   $ 93,206     Level 3
                         

  

The derivative liability was the result of the original $1 million of Notes, and the 80,000 warrants (post reverse stock split), that were issued in October 2016, both of which contain anti-dilution provisions in the event the Company engages in specified transactions which occurred in February 2017. As a result, the instruments no longer required derivative treatment and were written off in February 2017. The following table presents a reconciliation of the derivative liability measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable input (Level 3):

 

    Notes & Warrants  
Balance December 31, 2016   $ 93,206  
Change in fair value     186,908  
Write-off of derivative     (280,114 )
Balance December 31, 2017   $ -  
Income Taxes  

Income Taxes – The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC Topic No. 740, “Accounting for Income Taxes.”

 

The Company has no tax positions at December 31, 2017 and 2016 for which the ultimate deductibility is highly certain but for which there is uncertainty about the timing of such deductibility.

 

The Company recognizes interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in interest expense and penalties in operating expenses. During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company recognized no interest and penalties. All tax years starting with 2014 are open for examination.
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts  

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts - Trade accounts receivable are carried at original invoice amount less an estimate made for doubtful accounts. We determine the allowance for doubtful accounts by identifying potential troubled accounts and by using historical experience and future expectations applied to an aging of accounts. Trade accounts receivable are written off when deemed uncollectible. Recoveries of trade accounts receivable previously written off are recorded as income when received. There was no allowance for doubtful accounts at December 31, 2017 or 2016.
Long-Lived and Intangible Assets  

Long-Lived and Intangible Assets – Long-lived assets and certain identifiable definite life intangibles to be held and used by the Company are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The Company continuously evaluates the recoverability of its long-lived assets based on estimated future cash flows and the estimated liquidation value of such long-lived assets, and provides for impairment if such undiscounted cash flows are insufficient to recover the carrying amount of the long-lived assets. If impairment exists, an adjustment is made to write the asset down to its fair value, and a loss is recorded as the difference between the carrying value and fair value. Fair values are determined based on quoted market values, discounted cash flows or internal and external appraisals, as applicable. Assets to be disposed of are carried at the lower of carrying value or estimated net realizable value. No impairment was recorded in the years ended December 31, 2017 or 2016.
Cash Equivalents  

Cash Equivalents - The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less at date of purchase to be cash equivalents.
Concentration of Credit Risk  

Concentration of Credit Risk - The Company maintains its cash in bank deposit accounts, which, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk on cash and cash equivalents.
Stock Based Compensation  

Stock Based Compensation – The Company recognizes compensation costs to employees under ASC Topic No. 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation.” Under ASC Topic No. 718, companies are required to measure the compensation costs of share-based compensation arrangements based on the grant-date fair value and recognize the costs in the financial statements over the period during which employees are required to provide services. Share based compensation arrangements may include stock options, grants of shares of common stock with and without restrictions, performance-based awards, share appreciation rights and employee share purchase plans. As such, compensation cost is measured on the date of grant at its fair value. Such compensation amounts, if any, are amortized over the respective vesting periods of the option or stock grants.

 

Equity instruments issued to non-employees are recorded on the basis of the fair value of the instruments, as required by ASC Topic No. 505, “Equity Based Payments to Non-Employees.” In general, the measurement date is either (a) when a performance commitment, as defined, is reached or (b) the earlier of the date that (i) the non-employee performance requirement is complete or (ii) the instruments are vested. The measured value related to the instruments is recognized over a period based on the facts and circumstances of each particular grant as defined in the FASB Accounting Standards Codification.
Amortization  

Amortization - Utility patents are amortized over a 17 year period. Patents which are pending are not amortized.
Revenue Recognition  

Revenue Recognition – The Company’s revenue is derived primarily from sales of our software and related hardware suite and from providing engineering services under contracts. The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC Topic No. 605 based on the following criteria: Persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, services have been rendered, the price is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured. In general, the Company recognizes service revenue as significant services under the relevant arrangement have been performed.
Deferred Stock Offering Costs  

Deferred Stock Offering Costs – Costs related to stock offerings (if any) are deferred and will be offset against the proceeds of the offering in additional paid-in capital. In the event a stock offering is unsuccessful, the costs relating to the offering will be written-off directly to expense.
Inventory  

Inventory – Inventories consisting of raw materials used in the production of customized parts totaled $192,705 and $187,241, as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and nominal work-in-process components which will be sold to customers. Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market, using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method.
Research and Development  

Research and Development – Research and development costs are expensed as they are incurred. Research and development costs for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 were $302,043 and $120,638, respectively.