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Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2013
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]

NOTE 1 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES


Business and Basis of Presentation


The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of LiqTech International, Inc. (“Parent”) and its subsidiaries. The terms "Company", “us", "we" and "our" as used in this report refer to Parent and its subsidiaries, which are set forth below. The Company engages in the development, design, production, marketing and sale of liquid filters, diesel particulate air filters and kiln furniture in United States, Canada, Europe, Asia and South America. Set forth below is a description of Parent and each of its subsidiaries:


LiqTech International, Inc., a Nevada corporation organized in July 2004, formerly known as Blue Moose Media, Inc.


LiqTech USA, a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Parent formed in May 2011.


LiqTech A/S, (“LiqTech AS“), a Danish corporation, incorporated on March 15, 1999, a 100% owned subsidiary of LiqTech USA, engages in the development, design, production, marketing and sale of ceramic diesel particulate filters and kiln furniture in Europe, Asia and South America. On August 23, 2012, LiqTech AS was merged into LiqTech International A/S, a Danish corporation (“LiqTech International AS”) and all activities of LiqTech AS are hereafter combined with LiqTech International AS.


LiqTech International AS, a Danish corporation, incorporated on January 15, 2000 (also herein after referred to as “LiqTech Int. DK”), a 100% owned subsidiary of LiqTech USA, engages in development, design, application, marketing and sales of membranes on ceramic diesel particulate and liquid filters and catalytic converters in Europe, Asia and South America.


LiqTech NA, Inc. (“LiqTech NA”) a 100% owned subsidiary of LiqTech Int. DK and LiqTech USA, incorporated in Delaware on July 1, 2005, engages in the production, marketing and sale of ceramic diesel particulate and liquid filters and kiln furniture in United States and Canada.


LiqTech Asia, (“LiqTech Asia”) a 60% owned subsidiary of LiqTech Int. DK, incorporated in South Korea on July 20, 2006, is currently a dormant subsidiary.


LiqTech Germany, (“LiqTech Germany“) a 100% owned subsidiary of LiqTech Int. DK, incorporated in Germany on December 9, 2011, engages in marketing and sale of liquid filters in Germany.


LiqTech PTE Ltd, (“LiqTech Singapore”) a 95% owned subsidiary of LiqTech Int. DK, incorporated in Singapore on January 19, 2012, engages in marketing and sale of liquid filters in Singapore and other countries in the area.


The accompanying financial statements are unaudited. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (which include only normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations and cash flows at September 30, 2013 and 2012 and for the periods then ended have been made. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America have been condensed or omitted. It is suggested that these condensed financial statements be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s December 31, 2012 audited financial statements. The results of operations for the periods ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full year.


Consolidation -- The consolidated financial statements include the accounts and operations of the Company. The non-controlling interests in the net assets of the subsidiaries are recorded in equity. The non-controlling interests of the results of operations of the subsidiaries are included in the results of operations and recorded as the non-controlling interest in subsidiaries. All material inter-company transactions and accounts have been eliminated in the consolidation. 


Functional Currency / Foreign Currency Translation -- The functional currency of LiqTech International, Inc., LiqTech USA, Inc. and LiqTech NA is the U.S. Dollar. The Functional Currency of LiqTech Int. DK and LiqTech AS is the Danish Krone (“DKK”), the functional currency of LiqTech Germany is the Euro, the functional currency of LiqTech Singapore is the Singapore Dollar and the functional currency of LiqTech Asia is the South Korean Won. The Company’s reporting currency is the U.S. Dollar for the purpose of these financial statements. The foreign subsidiaries balance sheet accounts are translated into U.S. Dollars at the period-end exchange rates and all revenue and expenses are translated into U.S. Dollars at the average exchange rates prevailing during the period ending September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Translation gains and losses are deferred and accumulated as a component of other comprehensive income in stockholders’ equity. Transaction gains and losses that arose from exchange rate fluctuations from transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are included in the statement of operations as incurred.


Cash and Cash Equivalents -- The Company considers all highly liquid debt instruments purchased with a maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company had no balances held in financial institution in the United States in excess of federally insured amounts at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012.


Accounts Receivable -- Accounts receivable consist of trade receivables arising in the normal course of business. The Company establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts which reflects the Company’s best estimate of probable losses inherent in the accounts receivable balance. The Company determines the allowance based on known troubled accounts, historical experience, and other currently available evidence.


The roll forward of the allowance for doubtful accounts for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and the year ended December 31, 2012 is as follows:


   

2013

   

2012

 

Allowance for doubtful accounts at the beginning of the period

  $ 1,243,500     $ 389,032  

Bad debt expense

    45,425       1,078,365  

Amount of receivables written off

    (112,101 )     (248,895

)

Effect of currency translation

    33,559       24,998  

Allowance for doubtful accounts at the end of the period

  $ 1,210,383     $ 1,243,500  

Inventory -- Inventory is carried at the lower of cost or market, as determined on the first-in, first-out method.   


Property and Equipment -- Property and equipment are stated at cost. Expenditures for major renewals and betterments that extend the useful lives of property and equipment are capitalized, upon being placed in service. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Depreciation is computed for financial statement purposes on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets which range from three to ten years (See Note 3).  


Long-Term Investments -- Investments in non-consolidated companies are included in long-term investments in the consolidated balance sheet and are accounted for under the cost method and equity method. For these non-quoted investments, we regularly review the assumptions underlying the operating performance and cash flow forecasts based on information requested from these privately held companies. Generally, this information may be more limited, may not be as timely as and may be less accurate than information available from publicly traded companies. Assessing each investment's carrying value requires significant judgment by management. If it is determined that there is an other-than-temporary decline in the fair value of a non-public equity security, we write-down the investment to its fair value and record the related write-down as an investment loss in the consolidated statement of operations.


Intangible Assets -- Definite life intangible assets include patents. The Company accounts for definite life intangible assets in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board, (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification, (“ASC”) Topic 350, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” and amortized the patents on a straight line basis over the estimated useful life of two to ten years. 


Revenue Recognition and Sales Incentives -- The Company's accounts for revenue recognition in accordance with the Securities and Exchange Commission Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 101, “Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements” (SAB 101), FASB ASC 605 Revenue Recognition. The Company recognizes revenue when rights and risk of ownership have passed to the customer, when there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement, product has been shipped or delivered to the customer, the price and terms are finalized, and collections of resulting receivable is reasonably assured. Products are primarily shipped FOB shipping point at which time title passes to the customer. In some instances the Company uses common carriers for the delivery of products. In these arrangements, sales are recognized upon delivery to the customer. The Company's revenue arrangements with its customers often include early payment discounts and such sales incentives are recorded against sales.


The Company has received various grants from government entities for development and use of silicon carbide membranes in various water filtration and treatment applications. Revenues from grants are recognized on the percentage-of-completion method, measured by the percentage of project costs incurred to date to estimated total project costs for each grant multiplied by the grant income on a project by project basis. This method is used because management considers costs incurred to be the best available measure of progress on contracts in process.


Project costs of the grants include all direct material and labor costs and those indirect costs related to the project. Project costs are capitalized and accreted into cost of sales based on the percentage of the project completed. Should a loss be estimated on an incomplete project it would be recorded in the period in which such a loss is determined. Changes in estimated profitability of a project are recognized in the period in which the revisions are determined. The aggregate of costs incurred and income recognized on incomplete projects are recorded as costs in excess of billings and are shown as a current asset. The aggregate of billings in excess of related costs incurred and income recognized on projects is shown as a current liability.


In Denmark, Value Added Tax (“VAT”) of 25% of the invoice amount is collected in respect of the sales of goods on behalf of tax authorities. The VAT collected is not revenue of the Company; instead, the amount is recorded as a liability on the balance sheet until such VAT is paid to the authorities.


Advertising Cost -- Costs incurred in connection with advertising of the Company’s products is expensed as incurred. Such costs amounted to $30,556 and $64,821 for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively.


Research and Development Cost -- The Company expenses research and development costs for the development of new products as incurred. Included in operating expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 were $350,515 and $470,502, respectively, of research and development costs.


Income Taxes -- The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 740 Accounting for Income Taxes. This statement requires an asset and liability approach for accounting for income taxes.


Earnings / (Loss) Per Share -- The Company calculates earnings per share in accordance with FASB ASC 260 Earnings Per Share. Basic earnings per common share (EPS) are based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during each period. Diluted earnings per common share are based on shares outstanding (computed as under basic EPS) and potentially dilutive common shares. Potential common shares included in the diluted earnings per share calculation include in-the-money stock options that have been granted but have not been exercised.


Stock Options -- The Company has granted stock options to certain key employees (See Note 10). During the periods presented in the accompanying consolidated financial statements, the Company has granted options. The Company accounts for options in accordance with the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation. Non-cash compensation costs of $1,051,857 and $97,805 have been recognized for the vesting of options granted to employees with an associated recognized tax benefit of $0 for each of the periods ended September 30, 2013 and 2012.


Fair Value of Financial Instruments -- The Company accounts for fair value measurements for financial assets and financial liabilities in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 820. The authoritative guidance, which, among other things, defines fair value, establishes a consistent framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosure for each major asset and liability category measured at fair value on either a recurring or nonrecurring basis. Fair value is defined as the exit price, representing the amount that would either be received to sell an asset or be paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, the guidance establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:


 

● 

Level 1. Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;


  

● 

Level 2. Inputs, other than the quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and


  

● 

Level 3. Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.


Unless otherwise disclosed, the fair value of the Company’s financial instruments including cash, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses, investments, accounts payable, accrued expenses, capital lease obligations and notes payable approximates their recorded values due to their short-term maturities.


Accounting Estimates -- The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimated.


Recent Accounting Pronouncements


In February 2013, the FASB issued an accounting standard update to require reclassification adjustments from other comprehensive income to be presented either in the financial statements or in the notes to the financial statements. This accounting standard update will be effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2014, at which time the Company will include the required disclosures.


In March 2013, the FASB issued an accounting standard update requiring an entity to release into net income the entire amount of a cumulative translation adjustment related to its investment in a foreign entity when as a parent it either sells a part or all of its investment in a foreign entity or no longer holds a controlling financial interest in a subsidiary or group of assets within a foreign entity. This accounting standard update will be effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2015. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this accounting standard update on its Consolidated Financial Statements.


Other recent accounting pronouncements issued by the FASB did not or are not believed by management to have a material impact on the Company’s present or future financial statements.