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Inventories, Net
 12 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2025
Inventories, Net [Abstract]  
Inventories, net

(6) Inventories, net

 

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is determined on the first-in, first-out basis and, in the case of work in progress and finished goods, comprises direct materials, direct labour and an appropriate proportion of overheads. Net realizable value is based on estimated selling prices less any estimated costs to be incurred to completion and disposal.

 

The components of inventories were as follows:

 

   As of June 30, 
   2025   2024 
   $   $ 
Raw materials   767,064    2,983,737 
Work in progress   239,209    663,644 
Finished goods   1,163,898    1,331,848 
Total inventories, gross   2,170,171    4,979,229 
Inventories impairment   (631,355)   (1,263,735)
Total inventories, net   1,538,816    3,715,494 

 

Inventories impairment consists of the following:

 

   For the years ended June 30, 
   2025   2024   2023 
   $   $   $ 
Beginning balance   (1,263,735)   (732,897)   (655,783)
Addition   (24,116)   (564,020)   (133,218)
Write-offs   669,919    27,596    - 
Foreign currency exchange effect   (13,423)   5,586    56,104 
Ending balance   (631,355)   (1,263,735)   (732,897)