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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires Management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.

Cash and cash equivalents

For purposes of reporting cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash, money market accounts, and investments with original maturities of three months or less.

Accounts receivable

The Company records trade receivables when revenue is recognized. No product has been consigned to customers. The Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts is primarily determined by review of specific trade receivables. Those accounts that are doubtful of collection are included in the allowance. This provision is reviewed to determine the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts. Trade receivables are charged off when there is certainty as to their being uncollectible. Trade receivables are considered delinquent when payment has not been made within contract terms.

The Company requires certain customers to make a prepayment prior to beginning production or shipment of their order. Customers may apply such prepayments to their outstanding invoices or pay the invoice and continue to carry forward the deposit for future orders. Such amounts are included in Other accrued liabilities on the Balance Sheets and are shown in Note 7, Other Accrued Liabilities.

The Company records an allowance for estimated returns as a reduction to Accounts receivable and Gross sales. Historically, returns have been immaterial.

Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost being determined using actual average cost. The Company compares the average cost to the net realizable value and records the lower value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. Management considers such factors as the amount of inventory on hand and in the distribution channel, estimated time to sell such inventory, the shelf life of inventory, and current market conditions when determining excess or obsolete inventories. A reserve is established for any excess or obsolete inventories or they may be written off.

Investments - Held-to-Maturity Securities

Investments – Held-to-Maturity Securities

The Company holds high-grade debt securities. Since Management has the intent and ability to hold these securities until they mature, these investments have been accounted for as held-to-maturity investments. The investments are carried at amortized cost. Premiums and discounts on investments in debt securities are amortized over the contractual lives of these securities. The method of amortization results in a constant effective yield on these securities.

Property, plant, and equipment

Property, plant, and equipment are stated at cost. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to operations as incurred. Cost includes major expenditures for improvements and replacements which extend useful lives or increase capacity and interest cost associated with significant capital additions. Gains or losses from property disposals are included in operations.

The Company's property, plant, and equipment primarily consist of buildings, land, assembly equipment, molding machines, molds, office equipment, furniture, and fixtures. Depreciation and amortization are calculated using the straight-line method over the following useful lives:


Production equipment		3 to 13 years
Office furniture, fixtures, and equipment		3 to 10 years
Buildings		39 years
Building improvements		15 years

Long-lived assets

The Company assesses the recoverability of long-lived assets using an assessment of the estimated undiscounted future cash flows related to such assets. In the event that assets are found to be carried at amounts which are in excess of estimated gross future cash flows, the assets will be adjusted for impairment to a level commensurate with fair value determined using a discounted cash flow analysis or appraised values of the underlying assets.

During 2016, the Company recognized an impairment charge of $456,119 associated with its Patient Safe(R) production equipment. The Company determined it was more cost effective to outsource this production through an overseas manufacturer, and thus the Company’s Patient Safe® production equipment was taken out of service. Minimal cash flows were expected to be generated by this equipment. Accordingly, the Company reduced the carrying value of the Patient Safe® production equipment to an estimated fair value of zero.

Fair Value Measurements

For assets and liabilities that are measured using quoted prices in active markets, total fair value is the published market price per unit multiplied by the number of units held without consideration of transaction costs. Assets and liabilities that are measured using significant other observable inputs are valued by reference to similar assets or liabilities, adjusted for contract restrictions and other terms specific to that asset or liability. For these items, a significant portion of fair value is derived by reference to quoted prices of similar assets or liabilities in active markets. For all remaining assets and liabilities, fair value is derived using a fair value model, such as a discounted cash flow model or Black-Scholes model.

Financial instruments

Short-term financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, certificates of deposit, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and other liabilities, consist primarily of instruments without extended maturities, the fair value of which, based on Management’s estimates, equals their recorded values. Investments in U.S. Treasury Notes are classified as held-to-maturity and are presented at their amortized cost, net of discounts and premiums. The fair value of long-term liabilities, based on Management’s estimates, approximates their reported values.

Concentration risks

The Company’s financial instruments exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents, certificates of deposit, U.S. Treasury Notes, and accounts receivable. Cash balances, some of which exceed federally insured limits, are maintained in financial institutions; however, Management believes the institutions are of high credit quality. The majority of accounts receivable are due from companies which are well-established entities. As a consequence, Management considers any exposure from concentrations of credit risks to be limited.

The following table reflects our significant customers in 2018, 2017, and 2016:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2018			2017			2016
Number of significant customers		2			2			1
Aggregate dollar amount of net sales to significant customers	$	13.1 million		$	14.0 million		$	9.4 million
Percentage of net sales to significant customers		39.2	%		40.5	%		31.4	%

The Company increased its allowance for doubtful accounts by approximately $48 thousand in 2018 due to additional potential nonpayment.

The Company manufactures some of its products in Little Elm, Texas, as well as utilizing manufacturers in China. There are multiple sources of these materials. The Company obtained roughly 85.3% of its products in 2018 from its Chinese manufacturers. Purchases from Chinese manufacturers aggregated 82.9% and 78.4% of products in 2017 and 2016, respectively. In the event that the Company becomes unable to purchase products from its Chinese manufacturers, the Company would need to find an alternate manufacturer for its blood collection set, IV catheter, Patient Safe® syringe, 0.5mL insulin syringe, 0.5mL autodisable syringe, and 2mL, 5mL, and 10mL syringes and would increase domestic production for the 1mL and 3mL syringes and EasyPoint® needles.

Revenue recognition

The Company recognizes revenue when it has satisfied all performance obligations to the customer, generally when title and risk of loss pass to the customer. Payments from customers with approved credit terms are typically due 30 days from the invoice date. Under certain contracts, revenue is recorded on the basis of sales price to distributors, less contractual pricing allowances. Contractual pricing allowances consist of: (i) rebates granted to distributors who provide tracking reports which show, among other things, the facility that purchased the products, and (ii) a provision for estimated contractual pricing allowances for products for which the Company has not received tracking reports. Rebates are recorded when issued and are applied against the customer’s receivable balance. Distributors receive a rebate for the difference between the Wholesale Acquisition Cost and the appropriate contract price as reflected on a tracking report provided by the distributor to the Company. If product is sold by a distributor to an entity that has no contract, there is a standard rebate (lower than a contracted rebate) given to the distributor. One of the purposes of the rebate is to encourage distributors to submit tracking reports to the Company. The provision for contractual pricing allowances is recognized in the period the related sales are recognized and is reviewed at the end of each quarter and adjusted for changes in levels of products for which there is no tracking report. Additionally, if it becomes clear that tracking reports will not be provided by individual distributors, the provision is further adjusted. The estimated contractual allowance is included in Accounts payable in the Balance Sheets and deducted from revenues in the Statements of Operations. Accounts payable included estimated contractual allowances for $3,896,341 and $4,115,628 as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The terms and conditions of contractual pricing allowances are governed by contracts between the Company and its distributors. Revenue for shipments directly to end-users is recognized when title and risk of ownership pass from the Company. End-users do not receive any contractual allowances on their purchases. Any product shipped or distributed for evaluation purposes is expensed.

The Company provides product warranties that: i) the products are fit for medical use as generally defined within the boundaries of United States FDA approval; ii) the products are not defective; and iii) the products will conform to the descriptions set forth in their respective labeling, provided that they are used in accordance with such labeling and the Company’s written directions for use. The Company has historically not incurred significant warranty claims.

The Company’s domestic return policy provides that a customer may return incorrect shipments within 10 days following arrival at the distributor’s facility. In all such cases, the distributor must obtain an authorization code from the Company and affix the code to the returned product.

The Company’s domestic return policy also generally provides that a customer may return product that is overstocked. Overstocking returns are limited to two times in each 12-month period up to 1% of distributor’s total purchase of products for the prior 12-month period. All product overstocks and returns are subject to inspection and acceptance by the Company.

The Company’s international distribution agreements generally do not provide for any returns.

The Company requires certain customers to pay in advance of product shipment. Such prepayments from customers are recorded in Other accrued liabilities and are generally recognized as revenue within 30 to 60 days of receipt at the time product is shipped.

Disaggregated information of revenue recognized from contracts with customers is as follows:


	For the year ended December 31, 2018:
			Blood
			Collection		EasyPoint®		Other		Total Product
Geographic Segment	Syringes		Products		Needles		Products		Sales
U.S. sales	$	23,803,483	$	1,365,936	$	3,401,389	$	75,766	$	28,646,574
North and South America sales (excluding U.S.)		3,521,823		8,805		252		66,564		3,597,444
Other international sales		940,740		48,101		11,768		30,075		1,030,684
Total	$	28,266,046	$	1,422,842	$	3,413,409	$	172,405	$	33,274,702


	For the year ended December 31, 2017:
			Blood
			Collection		EasyPoint®		Other		Total Product
Geographic Segment	Syringes		Products		Needles		Products		Sales
U.S. sales	$	23,794,258	$	1,098,667	$	2,065,777	$	57,010	$	27,015,712
North and South America sales (excluding U.S.)		6,182,952		3,859		—		193,934		6,380,745
Other international sales		1,032,508		43,473		—		21,400		1,097,381
Total	$	31,009,718	$	1,145,999	$	2,065,777	$	272,344	$	34,493,838


	For the year ended December 31, 2016:
			Blood
			Collection		EasyPoint®		Other		Total Product
Geographic Segment	Syringes		Products		Needles		Products		Sales
U.S. sales	$	24,349,061	$	571,242	$	1,339,386	$	48,557	$	26,308,246
North and South America sales (excluding U.S.)		2,643,366		2,778		—		95,374		2,741,518
Other international sales		744,636		16,834		—		15,402		776,872
Total	$	27,737,063	$	590,854	$	1,339,386	$	159,333	$	29,826,636

Income taxes

The Tax Cuts and Job Act ("the Act") was enacted on December 22, 2017, and the U.S. federal corporate tax rate was reduced from 35% to 21%. U.S. generally accepted accounting principles require companies to account for the effects of changes in income tax rates and laws in the period the change is enacted. Financial results, including provisional amounts, have been calculated for the income tax effects of the change. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission issued Staff Accounting Bulletin 118 (SAB 118) allowing companies to use provisional estimates to record the effects of the Act. SAB 118, as codified by Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2018-05 “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (SEC Update),” allows companies to complete accounting for these effects no later than one year from the enactment date of the Act. During 2018, the Company completed its analysis of the provisional estimates made to record the effects of the Act. On January 14, 2019, the IRS issued a statement saying that alternative minimum tax (“AMT”) refunds for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017 will not be subject to sequestration. Prior to this statement from the IRS, refundable AMT credits under Section 53(e) were subject to sequestration, as required by the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, as amended. The previously recorded AMT receivable was reduced in anticipation of sequestration. Based upon this development, the Company recorded an additional tax benefit of approximately $13 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2018 to reflect the full amount of refundable AMT credits.

The Company evaluates tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return for recognition in the financial statements based on whether it is “more-likely-than-not” that a tax position will be sustained based upon the technical merits of the position. Measurement of the tax position is based upon the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement.

The Company provides for deferred income taxes through utilizing an asset and liability approach for financial accounting and reporting based on the tax effects of differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities, based on enacted rates expected to be in effect when such differences reverse in future periods. Deferred tax assets are periodically reviewed for realizability. The Company has established a valuation allowance for its net deferred tax asset as future taxable income cannot be reasonably assured. Penalties and interest related to income tax are classified as General and administrative expense and Interest expense, respectively, in the Statements of Operations.

Earnings per share

The Company computes basic earnings per share (“EPS”) by dividing net earnings or loss for the period (adjusted for any cumulative dividends for the period) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS includes the determinants of basic EPS and, in addition, reflects the dilutive effect, if any, of the common stock deliverable pursuant to stock options or common stock issuable upon the conversion of convertible preferred stock. The calculation of diluted EPS excluded 79,441 shares of Common Stock underlying issued and outstanding stock options at December 31, 2017, as their effect was antidilutive. The potential dilution, if any, is shown on the following schedule:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
Net loss	$	(1,339,943)	$	(3,736,038)	$	(3,694,907)
Preferred dividend requirements		(704,996)		(704,996)		(704,996)
Loss applicable to common shareholders	$	(2,044,939)	$	(4,441,034)	$	(4,399,903)

Weighted average common shares outstanding		32,666,454		31,958,121		29,354,437
Weighted average common and common equivalent shares outstanding - assuming dilution		32,666,454		31,958,121		29,354,437
Basic loss per share	$	(0.06)	$	(0.14)	$	(0.15)
Diluted loss per share	$	(0.06)	$	(0.14)	$	(0.15)

Shipping and handling costs

The Company classifies shipping and handling costs as part of Cost of sales in the Statements of Operations.

Research and development costs

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

Share-based compensation

The Company’s share-based payments are accounted for using the fair value method. The Company records share-based compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. The Company incurred the following share-based compensation costs:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
Cost of sales	$	—	$	272,811	$	141,782
Sales and marketing		—		143,255		77,583
Research and development		—		45,174		23,623
General and administrative		—		210,983		144,738
	$	—	$	672,223	$	387,726

Options awarded to employees in 2016 were amortized over twelve months. The Company amortized four months’ expense for options granted in September 2016 and amortized the remainder in 2017. Non-employee Directors’ option expense was all expensed in the fourth quarter of 2016.

The Company early-adopted FASB Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-09, “Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting” for its annual period ended December 31, 2016. This ASU addresses several aspects of the accounting for share-based compensation transactions including: (a) income tax consequences when awards vest or are settled, (b) classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, (c) a policy election to account for forfeitures as they occur rather than on an estimated basis and (d) classification of excess tax impacts on the statement of cash flows.

As a result of adoption, excess tax benefits in 2016 resulting from the exercise of non-qualified stock options were recognized in the income tax provision rather than in additional-paid-in capital. As there were previously no excess income tax benefits recognized in additional-paid-in capital or other material changes to the Company’s accounting for share based compensation resulting from adoption of this ASU, no cumulative effect adjustments were required.

Insurance Proceeds

Receipts from insurance up to the amount of any loss recognized by the Company are considered recoveries. Any such recoveries are recorded when they are received. Insurance proceeds are not recognized as a component of earnings (loss) from operations until all repairs are made.

Recently Adopted Pronouncements and Recently Issued Pronouncements

Recently Adopted Pronouncements

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash”. These amendments require that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. As a result, amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The amendments do not provide a definition of restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. The updated guidance was effective for the Company’s quarter ended March 31, 2018. The adoption of ASU 2016-18 did not have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements as the Company currently holds no restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230), Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Payments” (ASU 2016-15), clarifying guidance on the classification of certain cash receipts and payments in the statement of cash flows. This ASU was effective for the Company’s quarter ended March 31, 2018. The adoption of ASU 2016-15 did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, as well as several subsequently issued clarifying amendments, which provides guidance for revenue recognition. This ASU’s core principle is that a company will recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The ASU, as amended, also requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments, and assets recognized from costs incurred to obtain or fulfill a contract. ASU No. 2014-09 allows for either full retrospective or modified retrospective adoption. The ASU, as amended, was effective commencing with the Company’s quarter ended March 31, 2018. The Company adopted this amended guidance on a Modified Retrospective basis in the first quarter of 2018. The adoption of the ASU, as amended, had no impact on the opening balance of retained earnings. The Company applied the guidance of ASU No. 2014-09, as amended, to those contracts that were not completed as of January 1, 2018. In implementing the guidance of ASU 2014-09, as amended, the Company applied the practical expedients of FASB ASU No. 2016-12 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients.” Under ASU 2016-12, the Company applies the guidance of ASU 2014-09, as amended, to a portfolio of contracts with similar characteristics, as opposed to individual contracts, as applying the guidance to the portfolio does not materially differ from applying the guidance to individual contracts. In addition, the Company accounts for shipping and handling as activities to fulfill the promise to transfer goods to a customer as opposed to a performance obligation. Historically, freight and handling activities billed to customers have not been material.

In August 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) adopted amendments to certain disclosure requirements in Securities Act Release No. 33-10532, “Disclosure Update and Simplification”. The amendments were effective November 5, 2018. The amendments eliminate or revise several redundant or duplicative requirements between SEC rules and GAAP, including the elimination of the disclosure of the ratio of earnings to fixed charges and the presentation of dividends per share on the face of the statement of operations for interim periods. Among the amendments is the requirement to present the changes in shareholders’ equity in the interim financial statements (either in a separate statement or footnote) in quarterly reports on Form 10-Q. The amendments are effective for all filings made on or after November 5, 2018. In light of the timing of effectiveness of the amendments and proximity of effectiveness to the filing date for most filers’ quarterly reports, the SEC staff has indicated that it would not object if the filer’s first presentation of the changes in shareholders’ equity is included in its Form 10-Q for the quarter that begins after the effective date of the amendments. The Company elected to adopt the provisions of Securities Act Release No. 33-10532 for the quarter ended September 30, 2018.

Recently Issued Pronouncements

In June 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2016-13, “Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments ,” as well as subsequent clarifying amendments. Among other things, these amendments require the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Many of the loss estimation techniques applied today will still be permitted, although the inputs to those techniques will change to reflect the full amount of expected credit losses. This ASU is effective for the Company’s quarter ending March 31, 2020 with early application permitted for the Company’s quarter ending March 31, 2019. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adoption of this guidance will have on its financial statements and related disclosures.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)”, as well as several subsequently issued clarifying amendments. Under the ASU, as amended, lessees will be required to recognize the following for all leases (with the exception of short-term leases) at the commencement date: (1) a lease liability, which is a lessee‘s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis; and (2) a right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. Under the guidance, lessor accounting is largely unchanged. The lease guidance simplified the accounting for sale and leaseback transactions primarily because lessees must recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-10, “Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases”. This amendment clarifies Topic 842 and corrected unintended application of guidance and is effective concurrent with Topic 842 or upon issuance if Topic 842 was early adopted. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, “Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements”. This amendment provides additional transition options allowing entities to recognize a cumulative effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption rather than the earliest period presented and provides a practical expedient to lessors to elect, by class of underlying assets, to account for non-lease and lease components as a single arrangement. The Company intends to adopt the provisions of ASU 2018-11 through a cumulative effect adjustment. Topic 842, and its subsequent amendments, is effective for the Company’s quarter ending March 31, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company has completed evaluating the various accounting policy elections associated with this ASU, as amended, including transition methods and practical expedients, identifying contracts for evaluation, and reviewing contracts to determine if they contain leases. The Company has completed evaluating the timing and impact of adopting ASU 2016-02, as amended, and anticipates recording lease assets and liabilities currently comprising less than $250,000 on its Balance Sheets, with no material impact to its Statements of Operations or to its accumulated deficit.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That is a Service Contract (a Consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force)”. This amendment requires that implemented costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract should be accounted for in accordance with ASC 350-40. Accordingly, costs incurred during the preliminary project and post-implementation stages are expensed and costs associated with the application development phase are capitalized. The amendment also requires that capitalized costs be amortized over the term of the hosting arrangement and that capitalized costs should be evaluated for impairment. The amendment is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019 and interim periods within those annual periods. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adoption of this ASU will have on its financial statements and related disclosures.