2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Accounting estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires Management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.

Cash and cash equivalents

For purposes of reporting cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash, money market accounts, and investments with original maturities of three months or less.

Accounts receivable

The Company records trade receivables when revenue is recognized. No product has been consigned to customers. The Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts is primarily determined by review of specific trade receivables. Those accounts that are doubtful of collection are included in the allowance. This provision is reviewed to determine the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts. Trade receivables are charged off when there is certainty as to their being uncollectible. Trade receivables are considered delinquent when payment has not been made within contract terms. The Allowance for bad debt was $146 thousand and $150 thousand as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

The Company requires certain customers to make a prepayment prior to beginning production or shipment of their order. Customers may apply such prepayments to their outstanding invoices or pay the invoice and continue to carry forward the deposit for future orders. Such amounts are included in Other accrued liabilities on the Condensed Balance Sheets and are shown in Note 6, Other Accrued Liabilities.

The Company records an allowance for estimated returns as a reduction to Accounts receivable and Gross sales. Historically, returns have been immaterial.

Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost being determined using actual average cost. The Company compares the average cost to the net realizable value and records the lower value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. Management considers such factors as the amount of inventory on hand and in the distribution channel, estimated time to sell such inventory, the shelf life of inventory, and current market conditions when determining excess or obsolete inventories. A reserve is established for any excess or obsolete inventories or they may be written off.

Investments in Debt and Equity Securities

The Company holds high-grade exchange-traded and closed-end funds (ETFs), mutual funds, and debt securities as investments. These assets are readily marketable and are carried at fair value as of the date of the Balance Sheets. Net unrealized and realized gains or losses on investments in debt and equity securities are reflected as a component of interest and other income. Realized gains or losses on investments in debt and equity securities are recognized using the specific identification method.

Property, plant, and equipment

Property, plant, and equipment are stated at cost. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to operations as incurred. Cost includes major expenditures for improvements and replacements which extend useful lives or increase capacity and interest cost associated with significant capital additions. Gains or losses from property disposals are included in operations.

The Company's property, plant, and equipment primarily consist of buildings, land, assembly equipment, molding machines, molds, office equipment, furniture, and fixtures. Depreciation and amortization are calculated using the straight-line method over the following useful lives:


Production equipment		3 to 13 years
Office furniture and equipment		3 to 10 years
Buildings		39 years
Building improvements		15 years

Long-lived assets

The Company assesses the recoverability of long-lived assets using an assessment of the estimated undiscounted future cash flows related to such assets. In the event that assets are found to be carried at amounts which are in excess of estimated gross future cash flows, the assets will be adjusted for impairment to a level commensurate with fair value determined using a discounted cash flow analysis or appraised values of the underlying assets.

Fair Value Measurements

For assets and liabilities that are measured using quoted prices in active markets, total fair value is the published market price per unit multiplied by the number of units held without consideration of transaction costs. Assets and liabilities that are measured using significant other observable inputs are valued by reference to similar assets or liabilities, adjusted for contract restrictions and other terms specific to that asset or liability. For these items, a significant portion of fair value is derived by reference to quoted prices of similar assets or liabilities in active markets. For all remaining assets and liabilities, fair value is derived using a fair value model, such as a discounted cash flow model or Black-Scholes model.

Financial instruments

The Company estimates the fair value of financial instruments through the use of public market prices, quotes from financial institutions, and other available information. Judgment is required in interpreting data to develop estimates of fair value and, accordingly, amounts are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that could be realized in a current market exchange. Short-term financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and other liabilities, consist primarily of instruments without extended maturities, the fair value of which, based on Management's estimates, equals their recorded values. Investments in equity securities consist primarily of exchange-traded and closed-end funds and mutual funds and are reported at their fair value based upon quoted prices in active markets. Investments in U.S. Treasury Notes are reported at their fair value based upon quoted prices in active markets. Investments in certificates of deposit (CD) with original maturities of greater than three months are reported at their estimated fair value based upon the duration of the CD and the interest rate earned on the CD versus current interest rates of similar duration CDs. The fair value of long-term liabilities, based on Management’s estimates, approximates their reported values.

Concentration risks

The Company’s financial instruments exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents, certificates of deposit, U.S. Treasury Notes, exchange-traded and closed-end funds, mutual funds, and accounts receivable. Cash balances, some of which exceed federally insured limits, are maintained in financial institutions; however, Management believes the institutions are of high credit quality. The Company assesses market risk in debt and equity securities through consultation with its outside investment advisors. Management is responsible for directing the investing activity based on current economic conditions. The majority of accounts receivable are due from companies which are well-established entities. As a consequence, Management considers any exposure from concentrations of credit risks to be limited.

The following table reflects our significant customers for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:


	Three Months ended			Three Months ended			Nine Months ended			Nine Months ended
	September 30, 2019			September 30, 2018			September 30, 2019			September 30, 2018
Number of significant customers		3			3			3			2
Aggregate dollar amount of net sales to significant customers	$	5.0 million		$	5.4 million		$	12.6 million		$	10.0 million
Percentage of net sales to significant customers		43.2	%		55.2	%		43.3	%		39.9	%

The Company manufactures some of its products in Little Elm, Texas as well as utilizing manufacturers in China. The Company obtained roughly 82.1% and 85.1% of its products in the first nine months of 2019 and 2018, respectively, from its Chinese manufacturers. Purchases from Chinese manufacturers aggregated 84.2% and 79.9% of products in the three month periods ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. In the event that the Company becomes unable to purchase products from its Chinese manufacturers, the Company would need to find an alternate manufacturer for its blood collection set, IV catheter, Patient Safe® syringe, 0.5mL insulin syringe, 0.5mL autodisable syringe, and 2mL, 5mL, and 10mL syringes and would increase domestic production for the 1mL and 3mL syringes and EasyPoint® needles.

Revenue recognition

The Company recognizes revenue when it has satisfied all performance obligations to the customer, generally when title and risk of loss pass to the customer. Payments from customers with approved credit terms are typically due 30 days from the invoice date. Under certain contracts, revenue is recorded on the basis of sales price to distributors, less contractual pricing allowances. Contractual pricing allowances consist of: (i) rebates granted to distributors who provide tracking reports which show, among other things, the facility that purchased the products, and (ii) a provision for estimated contractual pricing allowances for products for which the Company has not received tracking reports. Rebates are recorded when issued and are applied against the customer’s receivable balance. Distributors receive a rebate for the difference between the Wholesale Acquisition Cost and the appropriate contract price as reflected on a tracking report provided by the distributor to the Company. If product is sold by a distributor to an entity that has no contract, there is a standard rebate (lower than a contracted rebate) given to the distributor. One of the purposes of the rebate is to encourage distributors to submit tracking reports to the Company. The provision for contractual pricing allowances is recognized in the period the related sales are recognized and is reviewed at the end of each quarter and adjusted for changes in levels of products for which there is no tracking report. Additionally, if it becomes clear that tracking reports will not be provided by individual distributors, the provision is further adjusted. The estimated contractual allowance is included in Accounts payable in the Condensed Balance Sheets and deducted from Revenues in the Condensed Statements of Operations. Accounts payable included estimated contractual allowances for $4,916,590 and $3,896,341 as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. The terms and conditions of contractual pricing allowances are governed by contracts between the Company and its distributors. Revenue for shipments directly to end-users is recognized when title and risk of ownership pass from the Company. End-users do not receive any contractual allowances on their purchases. Any product shipped or distributed for evaluation purposes is expensed.

The Company provides product warranties that: i) the products are fit for medical use as generally defined within the boundaries of United States FDA approval; ii) the products are not defective; and iii) the products will conform to the descriptions set forth in their respective labeling, provided that they are used in accordance with such labeling and the Company’s written directions for use. The Company has historically not incurred significant warranty claims.

The Company’s domestic return policy provides that a customer may return incorrect shipments within 10 days following arrival at the distributor’s facility. In all such cases, the distributor must obtain an authorization code from the Company and affix the code to the returned product. The Company’s domestic return policy also generally provides that a customer may return product that is overstocked. Overstocking returns are limited to two times in each 12-month period up to 1% of distributor’s total purchase of products for the prior 12-month period. All product overstocks and returns are subject to inspection and acceptance by the Company.

The Company’s international distribution agreements generally do not provide for any returns.

The Company requires certain customers to pay in advance of product shipment. Such prepayments from customers are recorded in Other accrued liabilities and are generally recognized as revenue within 30 to 60 days of receipt at the time product is shipped.

The Company recognizes revenue from licensing agreements when collection of such amounts from third parties is reasonably assured. If the Company licenses its products for sale, the Company is obligated to pay Thomas J. Shaw, the owner of certain patented technology, a certain percentage of such revenue pursuant to the terms of the Technology License Agreement between the Company and Mr. Shaw.

Disaggregated information of revenue recognized from contracts with customers and licensing fees recognized are as follows:


	For the three months ended September 30, 2019:
			Blood						Total
			Collection		EasyPoint®		Other		Product
Geographic Segment	Syringes		Products		Needles		Products		Sales
U.S. sales	$	7,356,305	$	462,096	$	1,197,176	$	23,631	$	9,039,208
North and South America sales (excluding U.S.)		2,344,956		1,150		528		86,100		2,432,734
Other international sales		162,296		2,006		396		2,946		167,644
Total	$	9,863,557	$	465,252	$	1,198,100	$	112,677	$	11,639,586


	For the three months ended September 30, 2018:
			Blood						Total
			Collection		EasyPoint®		Other		Product
Geographic Segment	Syringes		Products		Needles		Products		Sales
U.S. sales	$	6,454,432	$	466,392	$	1,803,904	$	22,968	$	8,747,696
North and South America sales (excluding U.S.)		803,414		240		—		—		803,654
Other international sales		290,760		12,490		—		8,672		311,922
Total	$	7,548,606	$	479,122	$	1,803,904	$	31,640	$	9,863,272


	For the nine months ended September 30, 2019:
			Blood						Total
			Collection		EasyPoint®		Other		Product
Geographic Segment	Syringes		Products		Needles		Products		Sales
U.S. sales	$	19,150,535	$	1,389,943	$	2,439,139	$	51,605	$	23,031,222
North and South America sales (excluding U.S.)		4,867,104		5,313		1,044		87,025		4,960,486
Other international sales		622,945		374,498		543		178,256		1,176,242
Total	$	24,640,584	$	1,769,754	$	2,440,726	$	316,886	$	29,167,950


	For the nine months ended September 30, 2018:
			Blood						Total
			Collection		EasyPoint®		Other		Product
Geographic Segment	Syringes		Products		Needles		Products		Sales
U.S. sales	$	18,097,760	$	991,318	$	2,519,973	$	55,988	$	21,665,039
North and South America sales (excluding U.S.)		2,595,634		8,805		252		900		2,605,591
Other international sales		682,134		36,024		456		21,825		740,436
Total	$	21,375,528	$	1,036,147	$	2,520,681	$	78,713	$	25,011,066

Income taxes

The Company evaluates tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return for recognition in the financial statements based on whether it is “more-likely-than-not” that a tax position will be sustained based upon the technical merits of the position. Measurement of the tax position is based upon the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement.

The Company provides for deferred income taxes through utilizing an asset and liability approach for financial accounting and reporting based on the tax effects of differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities, based on enacted rates expected to be in effect when such differences reverse in future periods. Deferred tax assets are periodically reviewed for realizability. The Company has established a valuation allowance for its net deferred tax asset as future taxable income cannot be reasonably assured. Penalties and interest related to income taxes are classified as General and administrative expense and Interest expense, respectively, in the Condensed Statements of Operations.

Earnings per share

The Company computes basic earnings per share (“EPS”) by dividing net earnings for the period (adjusted for any cumulative dividends for the period) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS includes the determinants of basic EPS and, in addition, reflects the dilutive effect, if any, of the common stock deliverable pursuant to stock options or common stock issuable upon the conversion of convertible preferred stock. The calculation of diluted EPS excluded shares of Common Stock underlying issued and outstanding stock options for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, as the exercise prices of the stock options were below the average stock price for the periods. The calculation of diluted EPS excluded shares of Common Stock underlying issued and outstanding stock options for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, as their effect was antidilutive. The calculation of diluted EPS also excludes the impact of the conversion of convertible preferred stock as the impact was antidilutive for all periods presented. The potential dilution, if any, is shown on the following schedule:


	Three Months Ended		Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2019		September 30, 2018		September 30, 2019		September 30, 2018
Net income (loss)	$	1,024,434	$	(63,417)	$	1,286,965	$	(1,190,407)
Preferred stock dividend requirements		(175,456)		(176,249)		(527,162)		(528,747)
Income (loss )applicable to common shareholders	$	848,978	$	(239,666)	$	759,803	$	(1,719,154)
Average common shares outstanding		32,674,954		32,666,454		32,671,648		32,666,454
Average common and common equivalent shares outstanding — assuming dilution		32,674,954		32,666,454		32,671,648		32,666,454
Basic income (loss) per share	$	0.03	$	(0.01)	$	0.02	$	(0.05)
Diluted income (loss) per share	$	0.03	$	(0.01)	$	0.02	$	(0.05)

Shipping and handling costs

The Company classifies shipping and handling costs as part of Cost of sales in the Condensed Statements of Operations.

Self-insured employee benefit costs

The Company self-insures health insurance benefits for its employees under certain policy limits. The Company has additional coverage provided by an insurance company. The Company accrues for the cost of such benefits based on known claims and an estimate of incurred but not reported claims.

Research and development costs

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

Leases

The Company adopted ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), as amended, on January 1, 2019 effective for the quarter ended March 31, 2019. The Company adopted the standard under the modified retrospective approach, which provides a method for recording existing leases at adoption and in comparative periods that approximates the results of a full retrospective approach.

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating and finance leases are included in Other assets, Other accrued liabilities, and Other long-term liabilities on the Condensed Balance Sheets. Right-of-use (“ROU”) assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the incremental borrowing rate based on information available at the commencement date was used in determining the present value of lease payments.

The operating lease ROU asset also includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives. Lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Leases with an initial term of twelve months or less are not recorded on the Condensed Balance Sheets; however, rent expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company did not elect to separate lease and non-lease components at the transition date. The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance, which among other things, allows the Company to carry forward the historical lease classification and elect hindsight to determine certain lease terms for existing leases.

Recently Adopted Pronouncements

In August 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) adopted amendments to certain disclosure requirements in Securities Act Release No. 33-10532, “Disclosure Update and Simplification”. The amendments were effective November 5, 2018. The amendments eliminate or revise several redundant or duplicative requirements between SEC rules and GAAP, including the elimination of the disclosure of the ratio of earnings to fixed charges and the presentation of dividends per share on the face of the statement of operations for interim periods. Among the amendments is the requirement to present the changes in shareholders’ equity in the interim financial statements (either in a separate statement or footnote) in quarterly reports on Form 10-Q. The amendments are effective for all filings made on or after November 5, 2018. In light of the timing of effectiveness of the amendments and proximity of effectiveness to the filing date for most filers’ quarterly reports, the SEC staff indicated that it would not object if the filer’s first presentation of the changes in shareholders’ equity is included in its Form 10-Q for the quarter that begins after the effective date of the amendments. The Company elected to adopt the provisions of Securities Act Release No. 33-10532 for the quarter ended September 30, 2018.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)”, as well as several subsequently issued clarifying amendments. Under the ASU, as amended, lessees will be required to recognize the following for all leases (with the exception of short-term leases) at the commencement date: (1) a lease liability, which is a lessee‘s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis; and (2) a right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. Under the guidance, lessor accounting is largely unchanged. The lease guidance simplified the accounting for sale and leaseback transactions primarily because lessees must recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-10, “Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases”. This amendment clarifies Topic 842 and corrected unintended application of guidance and is effective concurrent with Topic 842 or upon issuance if Topic 842 was early adopted. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, “Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements”. This amendment provides additional transition options allowing entities to recognize a cumulative effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption rather than the earliest period presented and provides a practical expedient to lessors to elect, by class of underlying assets, to account for non-lease and lease components as a single arrangement. The Company adopted the provisions of ASU 2018-11 through a cumulative effect adjustment. Topic 842, and its subsequent amendments, was effective for the Company’s quarter ended March 31, 2019. The Company has completed evaluating the various accounting policy elections associated with this ASU, as amended, including transition methods and practical expedients, identifying contracts for evaluation, and reviewing contracts to determine if they contain leases. The Company completed evaluating the timing and impact of adopting ASU 2016-02, as amended, and recorded lease assets and liabilities of $163,007 on its Balance Sheets in the quarter ended March 31, 2019, with no impact to its accumulated deficit.

Recently Issued Pronouncements

In June 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2016-13, “Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” as well as subsequent clarifying amendments. Among other things, these amendments require the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Many of the loss estimation techniques applied today will still be permitted, although the inputs to those techniques will change to reflect the full amount of expected credit losses. This ASU is effective for the Company’s quarter ending March 31, 2020 with early application permitted. The Company has considered the potential impact from adoption of ASU 2016-13, as well as the Targeted Transition Relief as provided by ASU 2019-05, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326) – Targeted Transition Relief.” The Company expects that the adoption of ASU 2016-13, along with the provisions of ASU 2019-05, will not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements, but may require expanded disclosure.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That is a Service Contract (a Consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force)”. This amendment requires that implemented costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract should be accounted for in accordance with ASC 350-40. Accordingly, costs incurred during the preliminary project and post-implementation stages are expensed and costs associated with the application development phase are capitalized. The amendment also requires that capitalized costs be amortized over the term of the hosting arrangement and that capitalized costs should be evaluated for impairment. The amendment is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019 and interim periods within those annual periods. The Company has completed its assessment of the standard and does not anticipate a material impact on its financial statements or disclosures.