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Expenses by nature

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

22. Expenses by nature

a) The Group’s total expenses of cost of goods sold and operating expenses are as follows:

Schedule of Expenses

b) The Group’s total expenses by nature are as follows:

Schedule of Expenses by Nature

	Year ended December 31, 2025		Year ended December 31, 2024			Year ended December 31, 2023
Purchase and sale of merchandise inventory	$	4,540,840	$	11,921,857		$	8,387,054
Raw materials and supplies used		-		-			5,840,152
Change in inventory of finished goods and work in process		-		-			1,561,187
Processing cost		-		-			422,862
Loss on inventory valuation		19,513		11,324			55,137
Employee benefit expenses (Note 23)		2,778,852		2,396,499			3,951,664
Fuel and utility expense		48,610		39,991			354,419
Freight expenses		143,693		191,934			335,441
Professional service expenses		1,047,580		451,050			633,648
Provision (reversal) for expected credit losses for accounts receivable		331,761		(8,365	)		81,842
Provision for expected credit losses for receivables due from related parties		18,915,508		-			-
Depreciation expenses		183,776		135,686			250,228
Depreciation expenses-right-of-use assets (Note 11)		184,816		203,138			718,635
Amortization expenses		20,898		16,122			17,655
Other expenses		2,332,790		1,092,311			2,055,688
Total expenses by nature	$	30,548,637	$	16,451,547		$	24,665,612

a) Other expenses primarily consist of advertising and promotional expenses, as well as miscellaneous office and administrative expenses.