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Changes in liabilities from financing activities
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Changes in liabilities from financing activities

29. Changes in liabilities from financing activities

  

                     
   Year ended December 31, 2025 
    Short-term loans    

Long-term loans

(including

current portion)

     Lease liabilities    

Total liabilities

from financing

activities

 
January 1  $8,999,751   $1,037,768   $163,775   $10,201,294 
Net cash flow from financing activities   -    -    (180,327)   (180,327)
Proceeds from short-term loans from a related party   8,249,052    -    -    8,249,052 
Payments on short-term loans   (5,868,457)   -    -    (5,868,457)
Proceeds from long-term loans   -    1,070,449    -    1,070,449 
Repayments for long-term loans   -    (411,018)   -    (411,018)
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes   (389,742)   (44,941)   (7,092)   (441,775)
Interest expense   -    -    105,722    105,722 
December 31  $10,990,604   $1,652,258   $82,078   $12,724,940 

 

                     
   Year ended December 31, 2024 
    Short-term loans    

Long-term loans

(including

current portion)

     Lease liabilities    

Total liabilities

from financing

activities

 
January 1  $6,964,927   $980,200   $105,745   $8,050,872 
Net cash flow from financing activities   2,034,824    -    (205,321)   1,829,503 
Proceeds from long-term loans   -    482,284    -    482,284 
Payments on long-term loans   -    (421,063)   -    (421,063)
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes   -    (3,653)   (26,426)   (30,079)
Interest expense   -    -    289,777    289,777 
December 31  $8,999,751   $1,037,768   $163,775   $10,201,294 

 

                     
   Year ended December 31, 2023 
   Short-term loans  

Long-term loans

(including

current portion)

    Lease liabilities  

Total liabilities

from financing

activities

 
January 1  $6,328,892   $1,223,636   $4,491,496   $12,044,024 
Net cash flow from financing activities   -    (176,487)   (4,261,578)   (4,438,065)
Proceeds from long-term loans   636,035    -    (206,147)   429,888 
Payments on long-term loans   -    642,467    -    642,467 
Exchange adjustment   -    -    81,974    81,974 
Changes from other activities   -    (709,416)   -    (709,416)
December 31  $6,964,927   $980,200   $105,745   $8,050,872 

 

a) Net cash flow of lease liabilities represents the payment of lease rentals.

 

b) Changes in lease liabilities are due from non-cash effect right-of-use assets.