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SCHEDULE I CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT - RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands | 9 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended
--- | --- | ---
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2019 | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017
Sales |  |  |  |  |
Net sales | [1] |  | $ 65,623 | $ 115,944 | $ 98,292
Cost of net sales |  |  |  |  |
Cost of net sales |  |  | 41,466 | 83,676 | 65,146
Gross profit |  |  | 24,157 | 32,268 | 33,146
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative | [2] |  | 15,827 | 15,156 | 16,777
Research and development |  |  | 14,467 | 12,745 | 9,853
Total operating expenses |  |  | 30,294 | 27,901 | 26,630
Operating income (loss) |  |  | (6,137) | 4,367 | 6,516
Interest income |  |  | 1,337 | 1,749 | 1,177
Interest expense |  |  | (16) | (47) | (48)
Other income, net |  |  | 872 | (644) | 2,976
Equity in net income (loss) of affiliated companies |  | $ (400) |  | (613) | (687)
Income tax benefit (expense) |  |  | 31 | 378 | (1,263)
Net income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | (3,913) | 4,820 | 6,981
UTSTARCOM HOLDINGS CORP |  |  |  |  |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative |  |  | 633 | 697 | 852
Total operating expenses |  |  | 633 | 697 | 852
Operating income (loss) |  |  | (633) | (697) | (852)
Loss before income taxes and equity in loss of affiliated companies |  |  | (633) | (697) | (852)
Equity in net income (loss) of affiliated companies |  |  | (3,281) | 5,517 | 7,833
Net income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | $ (3,914) | $ 4,820 | $ 6,981
[1] | The revenue recognized in the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 that was included in deferred revenue (including current and non-current) and customer advances as of the beginning of each respective period were $2.8 million, $4.0 million and $2.7 million, respectively.
[2] | Allowances for doubtful accounts of $4.4 million, $0.8 million and reversal $0.06 million were recognized in the selling expenses in 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

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