<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001641172-25-008301.txt : 20250618
<SEC-HEADER>0001641172-25-008301.hdr.sgml : 20250618
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20250502144559
<PRIVATE-TO-PUBLIC>
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001641172-25-008301
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	DRS
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		5
FILED AS OF DATE:		20250502
<PUBLIC-REL-DATE>20250618
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20250502

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			LIXTE BIOTECHNOLOGY HOLDINGS, INC.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001335105
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS [2834]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	03 Life Sciences
		EIN:				202903526
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		DRS
		SEC ACT:		1933 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	377-07971
		FILM NUMBER:		25907702

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		248 ROUTE 25A
		STREET 2:		NO. 2
		CITY:			EAST SETAUKET
		STATE:			NY
		ZIP:			11733
		BUSINESS PHONE:		310 203 2902

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		248 ROUTE 25A
		STREET 2:		NO. 2
		CITY:			EAST SETAUKET
		STATE:			NY
		ZIP:			11733

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	SRKP 7 INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20050803
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>DRS
<SEQUENCE>1
<FILENAME>filename1.htm
<TEXT>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><div style="width: 100%"><div style="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 4pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</div></div><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>As Confidentially Submitted to the Securities and
Exchange Commission on ___, 2025</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>This draft Registration Statement has not been filed
publicly with the Securities and Exchange Commission and all information contained herein remains strictly confidential.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: right"><b>Registration No. 333-</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 18pt"><b>UNITED
STATES</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 18pt"><b>SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 12pt"><b>Washington,
D.C. 20549</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 18pt"><b>FORM
S-1</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT
OF 1933</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 18pt"><b>LIXTE
    BIOTECHNOLOGY HOLDINGS, INC.</b></font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 10pt">(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)</font></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 32%; text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Delaware</b></font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 32%; text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><b>2834</b></font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 32%; text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><b>20-2903526</b></font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">(State or other jurisdiction of</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">incorporation or organization)</p></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Primary standard industrial</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">classification code number)</p></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">(I.R.S. employer</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">identification number)</p></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>680 East Colorado Boulevard, Suite 180</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Pasadena, CA 91101</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>(631) 830-7092</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Address, including zip code, and telephone number,
including area code, of registrant&rsquo;s principal executive offices)</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Bastiaan van der Baan</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Chief Executive Officer</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>680 East Colorado Boulevard, Suite 180</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Pasadena, CA 91101</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>(631) 830-7092</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number,
including area code, of agent for service)</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">Copies to:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%">
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>David L. Ficksman, Esq.</b></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>TroyGould PC</b></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>1801 Century Park East, 16<sup>th</sup> Floor</b></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Los Angeles, CA 90067</b></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Tel: (310) 789-1290</b></p></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%">
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Anthony W. Basch, Esq.</b></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Kaufman &amp; Canoles</b></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Two James Center, 14<sup>th</sup> Floor</b></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Richmond, VA 23219</b></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Tel: (804) 771-5700</b></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><b></b></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b></b></p></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt"><b>Approximate date of commencement
of proposed sale to the public:</b> As soon as practicable after the effective date of this registration statement.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt">If any of the securities being
registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933 check
the following box. <font style="font-family: Segoe UI Symbol,sans-serif">&#9744;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt">If this Form is filed to register
additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities
Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. <font style="font-family: Segoe UI Symbol,sans-serif">&#9744;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt">If this Form is a post-effective
amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement
number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. <font style="font-family: Segoe UI Symbol,sans-serif">&#9744;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt">If this Form is a post-effective
amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement
number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. <font style="font-family: Segoe UI Symbol,sans-serif">&#9744;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt">Indicate by check mark whether
the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging
growth company. See the definitions of &ldquo;large accelerated filer&rdquo;, &ldquo;accelerated filer&rdquo;, &ldquo;smaller reporting
company&rdquo;, and &ldquo;emerging growth company&rdquo; in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 33%; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Large accelerated filer</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 17%; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Segoe UI Symbol,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9744;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 40%; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Accelerated filer</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Segoe UI Symbol,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9744;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Non-accelerated filer</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Segoe UI Symbol,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9746;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Smaller reporting company</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Segoe UI Symbol,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9746;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Emerging growth company</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Segoe UI Symbol,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9744;</font></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt">If an emerging growth company,
indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial
accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. <font style="font-family: Segoe UI Symbol,sans-serif">&#9744;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt"><b>The registrant hereby amends
this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further
amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a)
of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission,
acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The information in this prospectus
is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities
in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; color: red"><b>The information in this prospectus
is not complete and may be changed. The securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the SEC is declared effective.
This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where
the offer or sale is not permitted.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; color: red"><b>Subject to Completion, dated May &nbsp;&nbsp;, 2025</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&nbsp;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1.5pt"><b>PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>____ Common Units, each consisting of one share
of Common Stock, and one Common Warrant and/or</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>____ Pre-Funded Units consisting of one Pre-Funded
Warrant, and one Common Warrant</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>(and ___ shares of Common Stock underlying the Pre-Funded
Warrants)</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Up to ___ shares of Common Stock underlying the
Common Warrants</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>LIXTE BIOTECHNOLOGY HOLDINGS, INC.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This is a firm commitment public
offering of ___ common units (&ldquo;Common Units&rdquo;) at an assumed public offering price of $___ per Common Unit, which is last reported
sales price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market (&ldquo;Nasdaq&rdquo;) on May __, 2025. Each Common Unit consists of (a)
one share of our common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (&ldquo;common stock&rdquo;), and (b) one Warrant to purchase one share of
our common stock at an exercise price of $[ ] per share (or [ ]% of the price of each Common Unit sold in the offering), which Warrant
will expire on the five year anniversary of the issuance thereof (the &ldquo;Common Warrants&rdquo;).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The public offering price per
Common Unit will be determined between us and the underwriter based on market conditions at the time of pricing, and may be at a discount
to the then current market price of our common stock. Therefore, the recent market price of our common stock referenced throughout this
preliminary prospectus may not be indicative of the final offering price per Common Unit. The Common Units have no stand-alone rights
and will not be certified or issued as stand-alone securities. The common stock or Pre-Funded Units (as defined below) and the Common
Warrants are immediately separable and will be issued separately in this offering.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our common stock is listed on
Nasdaq under the symbol &ldquo;LIXT&rdquo;. The closing price of our common stock on Nasdaq on May [ &nbsp;&nbsp;], 2025 was $[&nbsp;&nbsp; ] per share.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We are also offering to investors
in Common Units that would otherwise result in the investor&rsquo;s beneficial ownership exceeding 4.99% (or, at the election of the purchaser,
9.99%) of our outstanding shares of common stock immediately following the consummation of this offering the opportunity to purchase pre-funded
units (&ldquo;Prefunded Units&rdquo; and together with the Common Units, &ldquo;Units&rdquo;) in lieu of Common Units. Each Pre-Funded
Unit consists of one pre-funded warrant (&ldquo;Pre-Funded Warrant&rdquo;) to purchase one share of our common stock and one Common Warrant.
The purchase price of each Pre-Funded Unit is $[&nbsp;&nbsp; ] (which is equal to the assumed public offering price per Common Unit minus $0.00001).
Subject to limited exceptions, a holder of Pre-Funded Warrants will not have the right to exercise any portion of its Pre-Funded Warrants
if the holder, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% (or, at the election of the holder, such limit
may be increased to up to 9.99%) of the common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to such exercise. The Pre-Funded Warrants
will be immediately exercisable (subject to the beneficial ownership cap) and may be exercised at any time until all of the Pre-Funded
Warrants are exercised in full. For each Pre-Funded Unit purchased, the number of Units including a share of common stock we are offering
will be decreased on a one-for-one basis. The Pre-Funded Units have no stand-alone rights and will not be certificated or issued as stand-alone
securities.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We have engaged Spartan Capital
Securities, LLC (the &ldquo;underwriter&rdquo; or &ldquo;Spartan&rdquo;), to act as our exclusive underwriter in connection with this
offering.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">There is no established trading
market for the Pre-Funded Units, the Pre-Funded Warrants or the Common Warrants and we do not expect an active trading market to develop.
We do not intend to list the Pre-Funded Warrants or the Common Warrants on any securities exchange or other trading market. Without an
active trading market, the liquidity of these securities will be limited.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><b>Investing in
our securities is speculative and involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risk factors beginning on page
14 of this prospectus before purchasing our securities.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><b>Neither the Securities and
Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus
is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Per
    Common Unit<sup>(1)</sup></b></font></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Total</b></font></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Public
    offering price</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Underwriter
    discounts <sup>(2)</sup></font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Proceeds
    to us, before expenses</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">(1)</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Assumes all Units consist of one share of common stock and one Common Warrant.</font></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">(2)</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">We have agreed to pay the underwriter a cash fee equal to 9.0% of the aggregate gross proceeds raised in this offering, and to reimburse the underwriter for certain of its offering-related expenses, including its legal fees, up to a maximum of $125,000. We have agreed to provide the underwrite with a 1.0% non-accountable expense allowance.&nbsp;&nbsp;We have also agreed to issue to the underwriter five-year warrants (the &ldquo;Underwriter Warrants&rdquo;) to purchase up to 7.5% of the number of shares of Common Stock included in the Units and the over-allotment option at an exercise price of 125% of the offering price per Unit. See &ldquo;Underwriting&rdquo; for a description of the compensation to be received by the underwriter.</font></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We have granted the underwriter
a 45-day option to purchase up to ____ Units, representing 15% of the Common Units sold in the offering (at an assumed public offering
price of $___ per Common Unit, which is the last reported sales price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market on ___, 2025) and/or
up to ____ additional Pre-Funded Warrants, representing 15% of the Pre-Funded Warrants sold in the offering, and any combination thereof.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The underwriter is expected to
deliver the Common Units (and Pre-Funded Units, if any) on or about ______, 2025, subject to the satisfaction of customary closing conditions.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><i>Sole Underwriter</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 18pt"><b>Spartan
Capital Securities, LLC</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">The date of this prospectus is May [__], 2025.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>TABLE OF CONTENTS</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Page No.</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_001">ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS</a></font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.1in"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.6in; text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 10pt">1</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_002">PROSPECTUS SUMMARY</a></font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 10pt">2</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_003">THE OFFERING</a></font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 10pt">12</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_004">RISK FACTORS</a></font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 10pt">14</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_005">CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS</a></font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 10pt">21</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_006">USE OF PROCEEDS</a></font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 10pt">24</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_007">CAPITALIZATION</a></font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 10pt">25</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_008">SELECTED HISTORICAL FINANCIAL DATA</a></font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 10pt">28</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_009">DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES</a></font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 10pt">29</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_010">UNDERWRITING</a></font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 10pt">34</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_011">LEGAL MATTERS</a></font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">40</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_012">EXPERTS</a></font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 10pt">40</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_013">INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE</a></font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 10pt">40</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_014">WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION</a></font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 10pt">40</font></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b><a name="a_001"></a>ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">You should rely only on the information
contained in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus and in any free writing prospectus. We have not authorized anyone to provide
you with information different from that contained in this prospectus. The sale of our securities will only be made in jurisdictions where
offers and sales are permitted. The information in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus, and any information
we have incorporated by reference is accurate only as of the date of the document incorporated by reference, regardless of the time of
delivery of this prospectus or any sale of our securities.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We have not done anything that
would permit this offering or possession or distribution of this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required,
other than in the United States. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus must inform themselves
about, and observe any restrictions relating to, the offering of our securities and the distribution of this prospectus outside of the
United States.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We own or have rights to trademarks
or trade names that we use in connection with the operation of our business, including our corporate names, logos and website names. In
addition, we own or have the rights to copyrights, trade secrets and other proprietary rights that protect the content of our products.
This prospectus may also contain trademarks, service marks and trade names of other companies, which are the property of their respective
owners. Our use or display of third parties&rsquo; trademarks, service marks, trade names or products in this prospectus is not intended
to, and should not be read to, imply a relationship with or endorsement or sponsorship of us. Solely for convenience, some of the copyrights,
trade names and trademarks referred to in this prospectus are listed without their &copy;, &reg; and <sup>TM</sup> symbols, but we will
assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights to our copyrights, trade names and trademarks. All other trademarks are
the property of their respective owners.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b><a name="a_002"></a>PROSPECTUS SUMMARY</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>The following summary highlights
information contained or incorporated by reference elsewhere in this prospectus and does not contain all of the information that you should
consider in making your investment decision. Before investing in our securities, you should carefully read this entire prospectus, including
our consolidated financial statements and the related notes and other documents incorporated by reference herein, as well as the information
under the caption &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo; herein and under similar headings in the other documents that are incorporated by reference
into this prospectus including documents that are filed after the date hereof. Some of the statements in this prospectus constitute forward-looking
statements that involve risks and uncertainties. See &ldquo;Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements&rdquo;. Our actual results
could differ materially from those anticipated in such forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including those discussed
in the &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo; and other sections included in or incorporated by reference herein. In this prospectus, unless otherwise
stated or the context otherwise requires, references to &ldquo;Lixte&rdquo;, the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;, &ldquo;we&rdquo;, &ldquo;us&rdquo;,
&ldquo;our&rdquo;, or similar references mean Lixte Biotechnology Holdings, Inc.</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><b>Company Overview</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We are a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical
company focused on identifying new targets for cancer drug development and developing and commercializing cancer therapies. Our product
pipeline is primarily focused on inhibitors of protein phosphatase 2A, which are used to enhance cytotoxic agents, radiation, immune checkpoint
blockers and other cancer therapies. We believe that inhibitors of protein phosphatases have significant therapeutic potential for a broad
range of cancers. We are focusing on the clinical development of a specific protein phosphatase inhibitor, referred to as LB-100, which
has been shown to have clinical anti-cancer activity.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We believe that the mechanism
by which LB-100 affects cancer cell growth is different from cancer agents currently approved for clinical use. LB-100 is currently being
tested in clinical trials in Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma, Metastatic Micro Satellite Stable (MSS) Colon Cancer, and Advanced Soft Tissue
Sarcoma. LB-100 has shown anti-cancer activity in animal models of glioblastoma multiforme, neuroblastoma, and medulloblastoma, all cancers
of neural tissue. LB-100 has also been shown to enhance the effectiveness of commonly used anti-cancer drugs in animal models of melanoma,
breast cancer and sarcoma. The enhancement of anti-cancer activity of these anti-cancer drugs occurs at doses of LB-100 that do not significantly
increase toxicity in animals. It is therefore hoped that, when combined with standard anti-cancer regimens against many tumor types, LB-100
will improve therapeutic benefit.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">As a compound moves through the
FDA-approval process, it becomes an increasingly valuable property, but at a cost of additional investment at each stage. As the potential
effectiveness of LB-100 has been documented at the clinical trial level, we have allocated resources to expand the breadth and depth of
its patent portfolio. Our approach has been to operate with a minimum of overhead, moving compounds forward as efficiently and inexpensively
as possible, and to raise funds to support each of these stages as certain milestones are reached. Our longer-term objective is to secure
one or more strategic partnerships or licensing agreements with pharmaceutical companies with major programs in cancer.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our activities are subject to
significant risks and uncertainties, including the need for additional capital. We have not yet commenced any revenue-generating operations,
does not have positive cash flows from operations, relies on stock-based compensation for a substantial portion of employee and consultant
compensation, and is dependent on periodic access to equity capital to fund its operating requirements.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><b>Description of Business</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Most cancer patients are treated
with either chemotherapy or immunotherapy or both. These therapies often have limited benefit and there is a high unmet medical need to
enhance their effects. In many preclinical models we have shown that LB-100 enhances the effect of both chemotherapy and Immunotherapy</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><img src="drs_001.jpg" alt="" ></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">LB-100, a small molecule potent
inhibitor of PP2A, was designed and developed by us. Numerous preclinical studies have documented that LB-100 potentiates most if not
all anti-cancer drugs that damage DNA. LB-100 is not associated with any increase in cytotoxicity when given with cytotoxic drugs. This
synergy involves transient interruption of several DNA damage repair pathways by LB-100 and an increase in cell division rate. LB-100
has FDA Investigational New Drug status in the US and Investigational Medicinal Product Dossier approval in the European Union.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In its initial Phase 1 clinical
trial, LB-100 given alone daily for 3 days was non-toxic, except for a transient increase in serum creatinine believed to be caused by
inhibition of PP2A in the renal tubules. In the Phase 1 clinical trial, the Maximum Tolerated Dose (&ldquo;MTD&rdquo;) was 2.33mg/m2 daily
for 3 days every 3 weeks. Of the 25 patients with heavily-treated advanced solid tumors with measurable disease, 3 patients had stable
disease for 2 cycles, 3 patients had stable disease for 4 cycles, and 3 patients had stable disease for 6 cycles. One patient with pancreatic
cancer had a partial response after 12 cycles lasting 534 days.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Low doses of LB-100 have now been
shown to enhance immune checkpoint inhibition (&ldquo;ICI&rdquo;) by several different mechanisms affecting the tumor compartment and
immune T-cell compartment. LB-100 increases CD8+T-cell infiltration and CD8-Treg ratio, CD8+T-cell proliferation, and cytokine production
induces microsatellite instability, neoantigen production and immune responsiveness, converting immunologically &ldquo;cold&rdquo; to
&ldquo;hot&rdquo; cancers.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><img src="drs_002.jpg" alt="" ></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Ovarian clear cell carcinoma patients
with inactivating mutations in PPP2R1A, a gene coding for a scaffold component of PP2A, and treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors,
were recently found to have markedly longer survival than patients without the mutation in their cancers. Retrospective reviews of patients
with a variety of cancers treated with ICI or chemotherapy show much longer survival of ICI-treated patients with a PPP2R1A mutation in
their tumors.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; color: Red"><img src="drs_003.jpg" alt="" ></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; color: Red"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Based on the observations in ovarian
clear cell carcinoma, we have initiated a clinical trial in this disease combining LB-100 with a monoclonal antibody blocking PD-1, a
protein found on T-cells (NCT06065462).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Given these preclinical and clinical
observations, it is likely that LB-100 may be a general way to enhance immunotherapy responses.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;<img src="drs_004.jpg" alt="" ></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; color: Red"><b></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The research on the LB-100 series
was initiated in 2006 under a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (&ldquo;CRADA&rdquo;) with the National Institute of Neurologic
Disorders and Stroke or NINDS of the National Institutes of Health or NIH dated March 22, 2006 that was subsequently extended through
a series of amendments until it terminated on April 1, 2013.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We have also designed and developed
the LB-200 series, which consists of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi). LB-200 has not advanced to the clinical stage and would require
additional capital to fund further development. Accordingly, because of our focus on the clinical development of LB-100 and analogs for
cancer therapy as described below in more detail, we have decided not to actively pursue the preclinical development of our LB-200 series
of compounds at this time.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><b>Clinical Trial Agreements</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Spanish Sarcoma Group Collaboration
Agreement</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Effective
July 31, 2019, we entered into a Collaboration Agreement for an Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trial with the Spanish Sarcoma Group (Grupo
Espa&ntilde;ol de Investigaci&oacute;n en Sarcomas or &ldquo;GEIS&rdquo;), Madrid, Spain, to carry out a study entitled &ldquo;Randomized
phase I/II trial of LB-100 plus doxorubicin vs. doxorubicin alone in first line of advanced soft tissue sarcoma&rdquo;. The purpose of
this clinical trial is to obtain information with respect to the efficacy and safety of LB-100 combined with doxorubicin in soft tissue
sarcomas. Doxorubicin is the global standard for initial treatment of advanced soft tissue sarcomas (&ldquo;ASTS&rdquo;). Doxorubicin
alone has been the mainstay of first line treatment of ASTS for over 40 years, with little improvement in survival from adding cytotoxic
compounds to or substituting other cytotoxic compounds for doxorubicin. In animal models, LB-100 consistently enhances the anti-tumor
activity of doxorubicin without apparent increases in toxicity.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">GEIS
has a network of referral centers in Spain and across Europe that have an impressive track record of efficiently conducting innovative
studies in ASTS. We agreed to provide GEIS with a supply of LB-100 to be utilized in the conduct of this clinical trial, as well as to
provide funding for the clinical trial. The goal is to enter approximately 150 to 170 patients in this clinical trial over a period of
two to four years. The Phase 1 portion of the study began in the quarter ended June 30, 2023 to determine the recommended Phase 2 dose
of the combination of doxorubicin and LB-100. As advanced sarcoma is a very aggressive disease, the design of the Phase 2 portion of the
study assumes a median progression-free survival (&ldquo;PFS&rdquo;), no evidence of disease progression or death from any cause) of 4.5
months in the doxorubicin arm and an alternative median PFS of 7.5 months in the doxorubicin plus LB-100 arm to demonstrate a statistically
significant decrease in relative risk of progression or death by adding LB-100. There is a planned interim analysis of the primary endpoint
when approximately 50% of the 102 events required for final analysis is reached.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">On October
13, 2022, we announced that the Spanish Agency for Medicines and Health Products (Agencia Espa&ntilde;ola de Medicamentos y Productos
Sanitarios or &ldquo;AEMPS&rdquo;) had authorized a Phase 1b/randomized Phase 2 study of LB-100, our lead clinical compound, plus doxorubicin,
versus doxorubicin alone, the global standard for initial treatment of advanced soft tissue sarcomas (ASTS). Consequently, this clinical
trial commenced during the quarter ended June 30, 2023 and to be completed and a report prepared by December 31, 2026. In April 2023,
GEIS completed its first site initiation visit in preparation for the clinical trial at Fundaci&oacute;n Jim&eacute;nez D&iacute;az University
Hospital (Madrid). Up to 170 patents will be entered into the clinical trial. The recruitment phase of the Phase 1b portion of the protocol
was completed during the quarter ended September 30, 2024. We expect to have data on toxicity and preliminary efficacy from this portion
of the clinical trial during the quarter ending December 31, 2025.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Given
the focus on the combination of LB-100 with immunotherapy in ovarian clear cell carcinoma and colorectal cancer and the availability of
capital resources, we entered into Amendment No. 1 to the Collaboration Agreement effective March 11, 2025 that relieved us of the financial
obligation to support the randomized Phase 2 portion of the clinical trial contemplated in the Collaboration Agreement of approximately
$3,095,000. As a result, it is uncertain as to whether the Phase 2 portion of this clinical trial will proceed.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Clinical Research Support Agreement
Relating to Small Cell Lung Cancer</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We had executed a Clinical Research
Support Agreement with the City of Hope National Medical Center to carry out a Phase 1b clinical trial of LB-100 combined with an FDA-approved
standard regiment for treatment of untreated extensive-stage disease small cell lung cancer. The clinical trial was initiated on March
9, 2021. However, due to the lack of patient accrual, the Company provided notice to the City of Hope National Medical Center of our intent
to terminate the Clinical Research Support Agreement effective as of July 8, 2024.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">MD Anderson Cancer Center Clinical
Trial</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">On September 20, 2023, we announced
an investigator-initiated Phase 1b/2 collaborative clinical trial to assess whether adding LB-100 to a human programmed death receptor-1
(&ldquo;PD-1&rdquo;) blocking antibody of GSK plc (&ldquo;GSK&rdquo;), dostarlimab-gxly, may enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapy
in the treatment of ovarian clear cell carcinoma (&ldquo;OCCC&rdquo;). The clinical trial is being sponsored by The University of Texas
MD Anderson Cancer Center (&ldquo;MD Anderson&rdquo;) and is being conducted at The University of Texas &ndash; MD Anderson Cancer Center.
We are providing LB-100 and GSK is providing dostarlimab-gxly and financial support for the clinical trial. On January 29, 2024, we announced
the entry of the first patient into this clinical trial. We currently expect that this clinical trial will be completed by December 31,
2027.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">On February 25, 2025, we announced
that we had added the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center (Lurie Cancer Center) of Northwestern University as a second site in
a clinical trial combining the Company&rsquo;s proprietary compound LB-100 with GSK&rsquo;s dostarlimab to treat ovarian clear cell cancer.
Patient recruitment is underway, and the first patient has been dosed.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Netherlands Cancer Institute Clinical
Trial</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Effective June 10, 2024, we entered
into a Clinical Trial Agreement with the Netherlands Cancer Institute (&ldquo;NKI&rdquo;) to conduct a Phase 1b clinical trial of the
Company&rsquo;s protein phosphatase inhibitor, LB-100, combined with atezolizumab, a PD-L1 inhibitor, the proprietary molecule of F. Hoffman-La
Roche Ltd. (&ldquo;Roche&rdquo;), for patients with microsatellite stable metastatic colon cancer. Under the agreement, we will provide
our lead clinical compound, LB-100, and under a separate agreement between NKI and Roche, Roche will provide atezolizumab and financial
support for the clinical trial. We have no obligation to and will not provide any reimbursement of clinical trial costs. Pursuant to the
agreement and the protocol set forth in the agreement, the clinical trial will be conducted by NKI at NKI&rsquo;s site in Amsterdam by
principal investigator Neeltje Steeghs, MD, PhD, and NKI will be responsible for the recruitment of patients. The agreement provides for
the protection of the respective intellectual property rights of each of Lixte, NKI and Roche.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This Phase 1b clinical trial will
evaluate safety, optimal dose and preliminary efficacy of LB-100 combined with atezolizumab for the treatment of patients with metastatic
microsatellite stable colorectal cancer. Immunotherapy using monoclonal antibodies like atezolizumab can enhance the body&rsquo;s immune
response against cancer and hinder tumor growth and spread. LB-100 has been found to improve the effectiveness of anticancer drugs in
killing cancer cells by inhibiting a protein called PP2A on cell surfaces. Blocking PP2A increases stress signals in tumor cells expressing
the PP2A protein. Accordingly, combining atezolizumab with LB-100 may enhance treatment efficacy for metastatic colorectal cancer, as
cancer cells with heightened stress signals are more vulnerable to immunotherapy.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This study comprises a dose escalation
phase and a dose expansion phase. The objective of the dose escalation phase is to determine the recommended Phase 2 dose (RP2D) of LB-100
when combined with the standard dosage of atezolizumab. The dose expansion phase will further investigate the preliminary efficacy, safety,
tolerability, and pharmacokinetics/dynamics of the LB-100 and atezolizumab combination. The clinical trial opened in August 2024 with
the enrollment of the first patient. Patient accrual is expected to take up to 24 months, with a maximum of 37 patients with advanced
colorectal cancer to be enrolled in this study.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The principal investigator of
the colorectal study testing LB-100 in combination with atezolizumab is currently investigating two Serious Adverse Events (&ldquo;SAEs&rdquo;)
observed in the clinical trial that was launched in August 2024. The Investigational Review Board (IRB) of the Netherlands Cancer Institute
has requested additional information with respect to these SAEs and the study has been paused for enrollment until the IRB&rsquo;s questions
have been, as more fully discussed at &ldquo;Item 7. Management&rsquo;s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations &ndash; Specific Risks Associated with the Company&rsquo;s Business Activities &ndash; Serious Adverse Events&rdquo;.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">National Cancer Institute Pharmacologic
Clinical Trial</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In May 2019, the National Cancer
Institute (NCI) initiated a glioblastoma (GBM) pharmacologic clinical trial. This study was being conducted and funded by the NCI under
a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement, with the Company being required to provide the LB-100 clinical compound.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Primary malignant brain tumors
(gliomas) are very challenging to treat. Radiation combined with the chemotherapeutic drug temozolomide has been the mainstay of therapy
of the most aggressive gliomas (glioblastoma multiforme or GBM) for decades, with little further benefit gained by the addition of one
or more anti-cancer drugs, but without major advances in overall survival for the majority of patients. In animal models of GBM, the Company&rsquo;s
novel protein phosphatase inhibitor, LB-100, has been found to enhance the effectiveness of radiation, temozolomide chemotherapy treatments
and immunotherapy, raising the possibility that LB-100 may improve outcomes of standard GBM treatment in the clinic. Although LB-100 has
proven safe in patients at doses associated with apparent anti-tumor activity against several human cancers arising outside the brain,
the ability of LB-100 to penetrate tumor tissue arising in the brain was not known. Many drugs potentially useful for GBM treatment do
not enter the brain in amounts necessary for anti-cancer action.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The NCI study was designed to
determine the extent to which LB-100 enters recurrent malignant gliomas. Patients having surgery to remove one or more tumors received
one dose of LB-100 prior to surgery and had blood and tumor tissue analyzed to determine the amount of LB-100 present and to determine
whether the cells in the tumors showed the biochemical changes expected to be present if LB-100 reached its molecular target. As a result
of the innovative design of the NCI study, it was believed that data from a few patients would be sufficient to provide a sound rationale
for conducting a larger clinical trial to determine the effectiveness of adding LB-100 to the standard treatment regimen for GBMs. Blood
and brain tumor tissue were analyzed from seven patients after intravenous infusion of a single dose of LB-100. Results of the investigation
demonstrated that there was virtually no entry of LB-100 into the brain tumor tissue. Accordingly, alternative methods of drug delivery
will be required to determine if LB-100 has meaningful clinical anti-cancer activity against glioblastoma multiforme and other aggressive
brain tumors.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><b>Patent and License Agreements</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">National Institute of Health</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Effective February 23, 2024, we
entered into a Patent License Agreement (the &ldquo;License Agreement&rdquo;) with the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and
Stroke (&ldquo;NINDS&rdquo;) and the National Cancer Institute (&ldquo;NCI&rdquo;), each an institute or center of the National Institute
of Health (&ldquo;NIH&rdquo;). Pursuant to the License Agreement, we have licensed exclusively NIH&rsquo;s intellectual property rights
claimed for a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (&ldquo;CRADA&rdquo;) subject invention co-developed with the Company, and
the licensed field of use, which focuses on promoting anti-cancer activity alone, or in combination with standard anti-cancer drugs. The
scope of this clinical research extends to checkpoint inhibitors, immunotherapy, and radiation for the treatment of cancer. The License
Agreement is effective, and shall extend, on a licensed product, licensed process, and country basis, until the expiration of the last-to-expire
valid claim of the jointly owned licensed patent rights in each such country in the licensed territory, unless sooner terminated.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The License Agreement contemplates
that we will seek to work with pharmaceutical companies and clinical trial sites (including comprehensive cancer centers) to initiate
clinical trials within timeframes that will meet certain benchmarks. Data from the clinical trials will be the subject of various regulatory
filings for marketing approval in applicable countries in the licensed territories. Subject to the receipt of marketing approval, we would
be expected to commercialize the licensed products in markets where regulatory approval has been obtained.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><b>Other Significant Agreements and Contracts</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Netherlands Cancer Institute</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">On October 8, 2021, we entered
into a Development Collaboration Agreement with the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (&ldquo;NKI&rdquo;), one of the world&rsquo;s
leading comprehensive cancer centers, and Oncode Institute, Utrecht, a major independent cancer research center, for a term of three years.
The Development Collaboration Agreement was subsequently modified by Amendment No. 1 thereto.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Development Collaboration
Agreement is a preclinical study intended to identify the most promising drugs to be combined with LB-100, and potentially LB-100 analogues,
to be used to treat a range of cancers, as well as to identify the specific molecular mechanisms underlying the identified combinations.
We agreed to fund the preclinical study, at an approximate cost of 391,000 Euros and provide a sufficient supply of LB-100 to conduct
the preclinical study.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">On October 3, 2023, we entered
into Amendment No. 2 to the Development Collaboration Agreement with NKI, which provides for additional research activities, extends the
termination date of the Development Collaboration Agreement by two years to October 8, 2026, and added 500,000 Euros to the operating
budget being funded by us.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">On October 4, 2024, we entered
into Amendment No. 3 to the Development Collaboration Agreement with NKI, which suspended Amendment No. 2 and provided for a new study
term of one year and starts upon the dosing of the first patient in the clinical trial at a project cost of 100,000 Euros.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Effective as of June 15, 2022,
Dr. Ren&eacute; Bernards was appointed to our Board of Directors as an independent director. Dr. Bernards is a leader in the field of
molecular carcinogenesis and is employed by NKI.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><b>Intellectual Property</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our intellectual property includes
proprietary know-how, proprietary methodologies and extensive clinical validation data and publications. To provide legal protection of
our intellectual property, we rely on a combination of patents, licenses, trade secrets, trademarks, confidentiality and non-disclosure
clauses and agreements, and other forms of intellectual property protection to define and protect our rights to our products.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our products are expected to be
covered by our patents. These patents now cover sole rights to the composition and synthesis of our LB-100 series of drugs, which is the
Company&rsquo;s lead clinical compound in development. Lixte has filed patent applications covering the treatment of cancer with LB-100.
Lixte has also filed joint patent applications with the NIH and the Netherlands Cancer Institute for the treatment of cancer using LB-100
in combination with other drugs like immune checkpoint inhibitors and WEE1 inhibitors (a class of drugs that target and inhibit the WEE1
kinase enzyme that plays a crucial role in regulating cell division).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Patent applications for the LB-100
series (oxabicycloheptanes and oxabicycloheptenes) have been filed in the United States and internationally under the Patent Cooperation
Treaty. Patents for composition of matter and for several uses of the LB-100 series have been issued in the United States, Mexico, Australia,
Japan, China, Hong Kong, Canada, and by the European Patent Office</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We strive to protect and enhance
the proprietary technology, inventions, and improvements that are commercially important to the development of our business, including
seeking, maintaining, and defending its patent rights, which are owned solely by our wholly-owned Delaware subsidiary, Lixte Biotechnology,
Inc., except in several instances jointly with one of many of our collaborators. We also rely on trade secrets relating to its proprietary
pipeline of product candidates and on know-how and continuing technological innovation to develop and strengthen its pipeline. We intend
to rely on regulatory protection afforded by regulatory agencies through data exclusivity, market exclusivity, and patent term extensions,
where available.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our success will depend in large
part on its ability to obtain and maintain patent and other proprietary protection for commercially important technology, inventions and
know-how related to its business; defend and enforce its patents; preserve the confidentiality of its trade secrets; and operate without
infringing valid and enforceable patents or proprietary rights of third parties. Our ability to stop third parties from making, using,
selling, offering to sell, or importing our technology may depend on the extent to which we have rights under valid and enforceable licenses,
patents, or trade secrets that cover these activities. In some cases, enforcement of these rights may depend on cooperation of the joint
owners of our jointly owned patents and patent applications.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">With respect to both our solely
and jointly owned intellectual property, we cannot be sure that patents will be granted on any of its pending patent applications or on
any patent applications filed solely or jointly by us in the future; we cannot be sure that any of our existing patents or any patents
that may be granted to us in the future will be commercially useful in protecting our intended commercial products or therapeutic methods;
and we cannot be sure that an agency or court would determine that the our solely or jointly owned patents are valid and enforceable.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><b>Nasdaq Compliance</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">On August 19, 2024, we received
a letter from the Listing Qualifications Department (the &ldquo;Staff&rdquo;) of the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (&ldquo;Nasdaq&rdquo;) indicating
that we were not in compliance with the minimum stockholders&rsquo; equity requirement of $2,500,000 for continued listing on the Nasdaq
Capital Market under Listing Rule 5550(b) (the &ldquo;Equity Rule&rdquo;).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">On October 3, 2024, we submitted
a plan to the Staff to regain compliance with the Equity Rule, which outlined our proposed initiatives to regain compliance by raising
equity capital through various registered equity offerings.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">On October 21, 2024, the Staff
provided notice to us that it had granted an extension through February 18, 2025 to regain compliance with the Equity Rule.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">As of February 18, 2025, we had
not regained compliance with the Equity Rule. Accordingly, on February 19, 2025, we received a Staff determination letter from the Staff
stating that we did not meet the terms of the extension because we did not complete our proposed financing initiatives to regain compliance.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We timely requested a Hearing
before a Nasdaq Hearings Panel (the &ldquo;Panel&rdquo;), which automatically stayed Nasdaq&rsquo;s suspension or delisting of our common
shares and public warrants pending the Panel&rsquo;s decision. On April 17, 2025, we received notice that the Panel had granted us an
extension in which to gain compliance with all continued listing rules of the Nasdaq Capital Market. The Panel&rsquo;s determination followed
a hearing on April 3, 2025, at which the Panel considered our plan to gain compliance with the Equity Rule. As a result of the extension,
the Panel granted our request for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market provided we demonstrate compliance with the Equity Rule
and all other continued listing requirements for the Nasdaq Capital Market by July 3, 2025. This offering is being conducted in order
for us to satisfy the decision of the Panel. However, there can be no assurance that we will be able to regain compliance during the extension
period. During the extension period, our common shares and public warrants will continue to trade on the Nasdaq Capital Market.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><b>Corporate Information</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We were incorporated as a Delaware
Corporation on May 24, 2005 under the name SRKP7, Inc. On June 30, 2006, pursuant to a share exchange agreement, we acquired all of the
outstanding shares of Lixte Biotechnology, Inc. which then became a wholly owned subsidiary. On December 7, 2006, we changed our name
to Lixte Biotechnology Holdings, Inc. Effective September 26, 2023, Bastiaan van der Baan, a director of the Company since June 17, 2022,
replaced our founder, John S. Kovach, as President and Chief Executive Officer. Dr. Kovach passed away on October 5, 2023. Effective October
6, 2023, Mr. van der Baan was appointed as Chairman of our Board of Directors. Our common stock and Public Warrants are traded on Nasdaq
under the symbols &ldquo;LIXT&rdquo; and &ldquo;LIXTW&rdquo;, respectively. On June 2, 2023, we effected a one-for-ten reverse split of
our outstanding shares of common stock in order to remain in compliance with the $1.00 minimum closing bid price requirement of Nasdaq.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our principal address is 680 East
Colorado Boulevard, Suite 180, Pasadena, CA 91101. Our telephone number is (631) 830-7092. We maintain a website at <u>https://lixte.com</u>.
The information contained on our website is not, and should not be interpreted to be, incorporated into this prospectus.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><b>July 2023 Financing</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">On July 20, 2023, we sold 583,334
shares of common stock at a price of $6.00 per share to an institutional investor and raised gross proceeds of approximately $3,500,000.
As part of this financing, we sold warrants to the institutional investor to purchase 583,334 shares of common stock (the &ldquo;2023
Warrants&rdquo;). The 2023 Warrants had an initial exercise price of $6.00 per share, were immediately exercisable upon issuance, and
expire five years thereafter on July 20, 2028. We also issued warrants to the placement agent to purchase 35,000 shares of common stock
at an exercise price of $6.60 per share and expiring on July 20, 2028 (the &ldquo;2023 Placement Agent Warrants&rdquo;).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The exercise prices of the warrants
issued to the institutional investor and to the placement agent are subject to customary adjustments for stock splits, stock dividends,
stock combinations, reclassifications, reorganizations, or similar events affecting our common stock. In addition, the warrants issued
to the institutional investor contain a &ldquo;fundamental transaction&rdquo; provision whereby in the event of a fundamental transaction
(including a sale or transfer of assets or ownership of the Company as defined in the warrant agreement) within our control, the holder
of the unexercised common stock warrants would be entitled to receive, in exchange for extinguishment of the warrants, cash consideration
equal to a Black-Scholes valuation, as defined in the warrant agreement. If such fundamental transaction is not within our control, the
warrant holder would only be entitled to receive the same form of consideration (and in the same proportion) as the holders of our common
stock.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Accordingly, in the event of a
change in control of the Company or a sale or transfer of all or substantially all of our assets, as defined in the 2023 Warrants, to
the extent that the warrants issued to the institutional investor are outstanding at the effective date that such a transaction is closed,
this &ldquo;fundamental transaction&rdquo; provision would entitle the holder to substantial cash consideration, thus reducing the amounts
to be retained by us or potentially distributable to our stockholders.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><b>February 2025 Financing</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">On February 11, 2025, we entered
into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the &ldquo;Purchase Agreement&rdquo;) with two institutional investors (the &ldquo;Selling Stockholders&rdquo;).
Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, on February 13, 2025, we sold 434,784 shares of common stock at a price of $2.415 per share and raised
gross proceeds of approximately $1,050,000. As part of this financing, we sold warrants to the institutional investors to purchase 434,784
shares of common stock (the &ldquo;2025 Warrants&rdquo;). Such Warrants had an initial exercise price of $2.29 per share, were immediately
exercisable upon issuance, and expire five years thereafter on February 13, 2030. We also issued warrants to the placement agent to purchase
32,609 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $3.0188 per share and expiring on February 13, 2030 (the &ldquo;2025 Placement Agent
Warrants&rdquo;).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The exercise prices of the warrants
issued to the institutional investors and to the placement agent are subject to customary adjustments for stock splits, stock dividends,
stock combinations, reclassifications, reorganizations, or similar events affecting our common stock. In addition, the warrants issued
to the institutional investors contain a &ldquo;fundamental transaction&rdquo; provision whereby in the event of a fundamental transaction
(including a sale or transfer of assets or ownership of the Company as defined in the warrant agreement) within our control, the holders
of the unexercised common stock warrants would be entitled to receive, in exchange for extinguishment of the warrants, cash consideration
equal to a Black-Scholes valuation, as defined in the warrant agreement. If such fundamental transaction is not within our control, the
warrant holders would only be entitled to receive the same form of consideration (and in the same proportion) as the holders of our common
stock.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Accordingly, in the event of a
change in control of the Company or a sale or transfer of all or substantially all of our assets, as defined in the 2025 Warrants, to
the extent that the warrants issued to the institutional investors are outstanding at the effective date that such a transaction is closed,
this &ldquo;fundamental transaction&rdquo; provision would entitle the holders to substantial cash consideration, thus reducing the amounts
to be retained by us or potentially distributable to our stockholders.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b><a name="a_003"></a>THE OFFERING</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 30%"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><i>Issuer:</i></font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 68%; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Lixte Biotechnology Holdings, Inc. </font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><i>Securities offered by us:</i></font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">______ Common Units, each Common Unit consisting of
    one share of our common stock, and one Common Warrant to purchase one share of our common stock.</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We are also offering to investors in Common Units
    that would otherwise result in the investor&rsquo;s beneficial ownership exceeding 4.99% (or, at the election of the purchaser, 9.99%)
    of our outstanding shares of common stock immediately following the consummation of this offering the opportunity to purchase Prefunded
    Units in lieu of Common Units. Each Pre-Funded Unit consists of one pre-funded warrant (&ldquo;Pre-Funded Warrant&rdquo;) to purchase
    one share of our common stock, and one Common Warrant. The purchase price of each Pre-Funded Unit is $____ (which is equal to the assumed
    public offering price per Common Unit minus $0.00001). Subject to limited exceptions, a holder of Pre-Funded Warrants will not have the
    right to exercise any portion of its Pre-Funded Warrants if the holder, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own in excess
    of 4.99% (or, at the election of the holder, such limit may be increased to up to 9.99%) of the common stock outstanding immediately after
    giving effect to such exercise. The Pre-Funded Warrants will be immediately exercisable (subject to the beneficial ownership cap) and
    may be exercised at any time until all of the Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised in full. For each Pre-Funded Unit purchased, the number
    of Units including a share of common stock we are offering will be decreased on a one-for-one basis. The Pre-Funded Units have no stand-alone
    rights and will not be certificated or issued as stand-alone securities.</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Common Units will not be certificated or issued
    in stand-alone form. The shares of our common stock (or Pre-Funded Warrants) and the Common Warrants comprising the Common Units are immediately
    separable upon issuance and will be issued separately in this offering.</p></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><i>Over-Allotment Option; </i></font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">The offering is being underwritten on a firm commitment basis. We have granted the underwriter a 45-day option to purchase up to ___ additional shares of common stock, representing 15% of the Units sold in the offering (at an assumed public offering price of $___ per Common Unit, which is the last reported sales price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market on ______, 2025 less $0.00001 attributable to each whole Common Warrant) and/or up to ____ additional Common Warrants (at a purchase price equal to $0.00001 per option Common Warrant, representing 15% of the Units sold in the offering. The underwriter may exercise the over-allotment option with respect to shares of common stock only, Common Warrants only, or any combination thereof. .</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><i>Underwriter Warrants:</i></font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We have also granted the underwriter five-year warrants
    to purchase up to 7.5% of the shares of our common stock and pre-funded warrants included in the Units and in the over-allotment option
    at an exercise price of 125% of the offering price per Common Unit. The underwriter warrants may not be exercised, sold, transferred,
    assigned, pledged or hypothecated, or be the subject of any hedging, short sale, derivative, put, or call transaction that would result
    in the effective economic disposition of such securities for a period of one hundred eighty (180) days beginning on the commencement of
    sales of the offering.</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><i>Assumed public offering price:</i></font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">_____ per Common Unit, which is the closing price of our common stock on Nasdaq on _______, 2025.</font></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 30%"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><i>Common stock outstanding immediately prior to this offering:</i></font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 2%"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify; width: 68%"><font style="font-size: 10pt">____ shares of common stock. </font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><i>Common stock to be outstanding immediately after this offering:</i></font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">_____ shares<sup>(1)</sup> of our common stock (or ______ shares of common Stock if the over-allotment option is exercised in full) assuming no issuance of Pre-Funded Units, and no exercise of any of the Common&nbsp;&nbsp;Warrants or Underwriter Warrants issued in this offering).</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><i>Use of proceeds:</i></font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">We currently intend to use the net proceeds from this offering for working capital and general corporate purposes. See &ldquo;Use of Proceeds&rdquo;.</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><i>Description of Common Warrants:</i></font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Common Warrants</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Each Common Warrant will have an exercise price of
    $[ ] per share (or ___% of the price of each Common Unit) and will expire on the five year anniversary of the date of issuance.</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Each holder of Common Warrants will be prohibited
    from exercising its Common Warrant for shares of our common stock if, as a result of such exercise, the holder, together with its affiliates,
    would own more than 4.99% of the total number of shares of our common stock then issued and outstanding. However, any holder may increase
    such percentage to any other percentage not in excess of 9.99%. [The Common Warrants will be issued in certificated form.]</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This offering also relates to the offering of the
    shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the Common Warrants. For more information regarding the Common Warrants, you should
    carefully read the section titled &ldquo;Description of Securities We Are Offering &mdash; Common Warrants&rdquo; in this prospectus</p></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><i>Underwriting:</i></font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Spartan proposes to offer the Units purchased pursuant to the underwriting agreement between us and Spartan to the public at the public offering price set forth on the cover page of this prospectus. In addition, we will reimburse Spartan for certain out-of-pocket expenses, including legal fees, related to the offering up to a maximum of $125,000. See &ldquo;Underwriting&rdquo;.</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><i>Nasdaq trading symbol:</i></font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Our common stock currently trades on Nasdaq under the symbol &ldquo;LIXT&rdquo;. We do not intend to list the Pre-Funded Warrants or Common Warrants offered hereunder on any stock exchange.</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><i>Transfer agent, [Common Warrant agent] and registrar:</i></font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is Computershare Trust Company, N.A.</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><i>Risk factors:</i></font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">The securities offered by this prospectus are speculative and involve a high degree of risk. Investors purchasing securities should not purchase the securities unless they can afford the loss of their entire investment. See &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo; beginning on page 14.</font></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">
  <th style="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><sup>(1)</sup></font></th>
  <th style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Immediately
  after this offering, the Company will have _______ shares of common stock outstanding as set forth above and will exclude:</font></th></tr>
</table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">72,917 shares of our common stock issuable upon the conversion of 350,000 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock outstanding at a conversion rate of 0.2083 common shares per preferred share, reflecting a conversion price of $48.00 per common share;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">662,078 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of common stock options issued to members of management, consultants, and directors at a weighted average exercise price of $11.526 per share; </font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">1,275,758 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding common stock warrants at an average exercise price of $11.254 per common share, including 434,784 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of 434,784 common stock warrants exercisable at $2.29 per share issued in our February 13, 2025 offering, 32,609 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of 32,609 common stock warrants exercisable at $3.1088 per share issued to the placement agent in our February 13, 2025 offering, and 137,700 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of 137,700 publicly traded warrants at $57.00 per common share through November 30, 2025;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">133,339 shares of common stock reserved for future grants pursuant to our 2020 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended (the &ldquo;2020 Plan&rdquo;);</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">__________ shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of common stock warrants at an exercise price of $_____ per common share issuable to investors in this Common Unit offering; and</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">__________ shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of common stock warrants at an exercise price of $_______ per common share issuable the underwriter in this Common Unit offering.</font></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b><a name="a_004"></a>RISK FACTORS</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>Investing in our common stock
is highly speculative and involves a significant degree of risk. You should carefully consider the following risks and uncertainties as
well as the risks and uncertainties described in the section entitled &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo; contained in our Annual Report on Form
10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, which filings are incorporated in
this prospectus by reference in their entirety, as well as in any prospectus supplement hereto. These risk factors could materially and
adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition. Our business faces significant risks and the risks described
below or incorporated by reference herein may not be the only risks we face. Additional risks not presently known to us or that we currently
believe are immaterial may materially affect our business, results of operations, or financial condition. If any of these risks occur,
the trading price of our common stock could decline and you may lose all or part of your investment.</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Risks Related to the Development and Regulatory
Approval of Our Product Candidates</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>A clinical trial hold due to serious adverse
events could delay or halt the development of our product candidate. </i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt">Our lead drug candidate, LB-100,
is currently undergoing various clinical trials, and there is a risk that one or more of these trials could be placed on hold by regulatory
authorities due to serious adverse events (SAEs) related to our drug candidate or to another company&rsquo;s drug used in combination
in one of our clinical trials. It is possible that the SAEs could be attributable to our drug candidate and could include, but not be
limited to, unexpected severe side effects, treatment-related deaths, or long-term health complications. A dose given could result in
non-tolerable adverse events defined as dose-limiting toxicity (DLT). When two DLTs occur at the same dose-level that dose-level is considered
too high and unsafe. Further treatment is only allowed at lower dose-levels that have previously been found safe.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt">If an SAE or a pattern of SAEs
is observed during the course of a clinical trial involving our drug candidate, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), European
Medicines Agency (EMA), or other regulatory authorities may issue a clinical hold, requiring us to pause or discontinue further enrollment
and dosing in our clinical trial. It is also possible that the clinical trial could be terminated. Any of these actions could delay or
halt the development of our drug candidate, increase development costs, and negatively impact our ability to ultimately achieve regulatory
approval. Additionally, if an SAE is confirmed to be drug-related, we may be required to conduct additional studies, modify the study
design, or abandon further development of the drug candidate altogether, which could materially impact our business, financial condition,
and prospects.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt">The occurrence of an SAE and
any resulting clinical hold could also harm our reputation with patients, physicians, health institutions, and investors, diminish our
ability to attract clinical trial participants, and damage our ability to interest investors and obtain financing in the future. There
can be no assurance that we will not experience such SAEs in the future or that any related clinical hold will be lifted in a timely manner,
or at all.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt">The principal investigator of
the colorectal study testing LB-100 in combination with atezolizumab (Roche PD-L1 inhibitor) is currently investigating two SAEs observed
in the clinical trial that was launched in August 2024. The Institutional Review Board (the &ldquo;IRB&rdquo;) of the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (&ldquo;NKI&rdquo;) has put the colorectal cancer study on hold. The adverse reactions that developed in the two patients were
dyspnea (shortness of breath) due to lung toxicity possibly or probably related to the combination of LB-100 and atezolizumab in one patient
and fever and aphasia possibly or probably related to the combination of LB-100 and atezolizumab in the second patient. The patient who
developed lung toxicity deceased due to the combination of lung metastases of colorectal cancer and dyspnea. The patient with fever and
aphasia fully recovered from the adverse events with supportive medication.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt">Given the identified adverse
events in the two patients in the clinical trial, the IRB requested from the principal investigator of the study at the NKI information
as to whether the adverse events could have been caused by the combination of LB-100 and atezolizumab and information about the mode of
action of the combination of LB-100 and atezolizumab. The principal investigator is preparing a response to the IRB detailing the safety
experience with LB-100 given alone and in combination with other cancer drugs, especially doxorubicin and dostarlimab. Doxorubicin is
a well-known chemotherapy, and dostarlimab is a well-known immunotherapy of which the mode of action is closely related to that of atezolizumab.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt">The reported adverse events
in the colorectal cancer study have not been seen in any other patients thus far treated with LB-100 alone or in combination with other
cancer drugs. Through March 2025, a total of 78 patient have received or are receiving experimental treatment with LB-100. It is expected
that it will take at least two months to prepare a detailed response to the IRB, during which time the Company intends to update the safety
overview of LB-100.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Risks Related to this Offering and Ownership of
our Securities</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>We have a history of losses, expect to continue
to incur losses in the near term and may not achieve or sustain profitability in the future, and as a result, our management has identified,
and our auditors agreed that there is a substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt">We have incurred significant
losses since our inception. We experienced net losses of $3,585,965 and $5,087,029 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
We expect our operating losses will continue, or even increase, at least through the near term. You should not rely upon our past results
as indicative of future performance. We will not reach profitability in the near future or at any specific time in the future.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt">The report of our independent
registered public accounting firm that accompanies our audited consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for
the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 contains an explanatory paragraph regarding substantial doubt about our ability to continue as
a going concern. Our consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result if we are unable to continue as
a going concern. If we are unable to continue as a going concern, holders of our securities might lose their entire investment.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>We are currently not in compliance with the
Nasdaq continued listing requirements. If we are unable to regain compliance with Nasdaq&rsquo;s listing requirements, our securities
could be delisted, which could affect our common stock&rsquo;s market price and liquidity and reduce our ability to raise capital.</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">On August 19, 2024, we received
a letter from the Listing Qualifications Department (the &ldquo;Staff&rdquo;) of the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (&ldquo;Nasdaq&rdquo;) indicating
that we were not in compliance with the minimum stockholders&rsquo; equity requirement of $2,500,000 for continued listing on the Nasdaq
Capital Market under Listing Rule 5550(b) (the &ldquo;Equity Rule&rdquo;).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">On October 3, 2024, we submitted
a plan to the Staff to regain compliance with the Equity Rule, which outlined our proposed initiatives to regain compliance by raising
equity capital through various registered equity offerings.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">On October 21, 2024, the Staff
provided notice to us that it had granted an extension through February 18, 2025 to regain compliance with the Equity Rule.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">As of February 18, 2025, we had
not regained compliance with the Equity Rule. Accordingly, on February 19, 2025, we received a Staff determination letter from the Staff
stating that we did not meet the terms of the extension because we did not complete our proposed financing initiatives to regain compliance.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We timely requested a Hearing
before a Nasdaq Hearings Panel (the &ldquo;Panel&rdquo;), which automatically stayed Nasdaq&rsquo;s suspension or delisting of our common
shares and warrants pending the Panel&rsquo;s decision. On April 17, 2025, we received notice that the Panel had granted us an extension
in which to gain compliance with all continued listing rules of the Nasdaq Capital Market. The Panel&rsquo;s determination followed a
hearing on April 3, 2025, at which the Panel considered our plan to gain compliance with the Equity Rule. As a result of the extension,
the Panel granted our request for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market provided we demonstrate compliance with the Equity Rule
and all other continued listing requirements for the Nasdaq Capital Market by July 3, 2025. This offering is being conducted in order
for us to satisfy the decision of the Panel. However, there can be no assurance that we will be able to regain compliance during the extension
period. During the extension period, our common shares and public warrants will continue to trade on the Nasdaq Capital Market.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We cannot assure you that we will
be able to regain compliance with Nasdaq listing standards. Our failure to continue to meet these requirements would result in our common
stock being delisted from Nasdaq, and if our common stock is delisted, the warrants issued in our public offering would also be delisted.
We and holders of our securities could be materially adversely impacted if our securities are delisted from Nasdaq. In particular:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">we may be unable to raise equity capital on acceptable terms or at all;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">we may lose the confidence of our clinical partners, which would jeopardize our ability to continue our clinical trials as currently conducted;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">the price of our common stock will likely decrease as a result of the loss of market efficiencies associated with Nasdaq and the loss of federal pre-emption of state securities laws;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">holders may be unable to sell or purchase our securities when they wish to do so;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">we may become subject to stockholder litigation;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">we may be unable to attract, or we may lose the interest of, institutional investors in our common stock;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">we may lose media and analyst coverage;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">our common stock could be considered a &ldquo;penny stock&rdquo;, which would likely limit the level of trading activity in the secondary market for our common stock; and</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">we would likely lose any active trading market for our common stock, as it may only be traded on one of the over-the-counter markets, if at all.</font></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>We will have to seek to raise additional funds
to fund our operations, including the various clinical trials being currently conducted or will be conducted in the future. Depending
on the terms available to us, if these fund raising activities result in significant dilution, they may negatively impact the trading
price of our common stock.</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Any additional financing that
we secure may require the granting of rights, preferences or privileges senior to, or <i>pari passu </i>with, those of our common stock.
Any issuances by us of equity securities may be at or below the prevailing market price of our common stock and in any event may have
a dilutive impact on your ownership interest, which could cause the market price of our common stock to decline. We may also raise additional
funds through the incurrence of debt or the issuance or sale of other securities or instruments senior to our shares of common stock,
which may be highly dilutive. The holders of any securities or instruments we may issue may have rights superior to the rights of our
common stockholders. If we experience dilution from the issuance of additional securities and we grant superior rights to new securities
over holders of our common stock, it may negatively impact the trading price of our common stock and you may lose all or part of your
investment.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.35pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>As part of the Company&rsquo;s ongoing process
of evaluating various alternatives to obtain the capital required to fund its operations and maintain its listing on Nasdaq, management
may decide to consider a wide variety of strategic alternatives, and there can be no assurances that any such transaction, if implemented,
would enhance stockholder value, and could be highly dilutive to existing stockholders.</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company is evaluating various
alternatives to obtain the capital required to fund its operations and maintain its listing on Nasdaq, including merger or acquisition
opportunities (including reverse mergers) and funding transactions involving a change in control. There can be no assurances that the
evaluation process will result in the identification of an appropriate transaction, the negotiation and execution of a definitive agreement
to effect such a transaction, or that any such transaction will ultimately be approved by the Company&rsquo;s stockholders and then be
consummated. Depending on various factors, many of which are outside the control of the Company, our failure to enter into and consummate
a strategic transaction could have a material adverse effect on our ability to continue to operate and finance our business, and on the
market price of our common stock. Even if such a strategic transaction is consummated, there can be no assurances that it will enhance
stockholder value, and it may result in substantial dilution to existing stockholders. Any potential transaction would be dependent on
a number of factors that may be outside of our control, including, among other things, market conditions, industry trends, the interest
of third parties in a potential transaction with the Company, and the availability of appropriate financing for such a transaction. If
we are unable to raise the required capital to fund our operations, or to enter into a strategic transaction in the near future, we may
not be able to maintain our listing on Nasdaq, and we may need to curtail or cease operations, which could result in a total loss of stockholders&rsquo;
investment.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b><i>&nbsp;</i></b></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><b><i></i></b>&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>The price of our common stock or warrants might
fluctuate substantially.</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">You should consider an investment
in our common stock and Common Warrants to be risky. Some factors that might cause the market price of our common stock or warrants to
fluctuate, in addition to the other risks mentioned in this &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo;, are:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">sale of our common stock by our stockholders, executives, and directors and our stockholders;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">volatility and limitations in trading volumes of our shares of common stock;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">our ability to obtain financings to conduct and complete research and development activities including, but not limited to, our clinical trials, and other business activities;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">the timing and success of introductions of new products by us or our competitors or any other change in the competitive dynamics of our industry, including consolidation among competitors, customers or strategic partners;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">network outages or security breaches;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">our ability to secure resources and the necessary personnel to conduct clinical trials on our desired schedule;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">commencement, enrollment or results of our clinical trials for our lead product candidate or any future clinical trials we might conduct;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">changes in the development status of our lead product candidate;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">any delays or adverse developments or perceived adverse developments with respect to the FDA&rsquo;s review of our planned preclinical and clinical trials;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">any delay in our submission for studies or product approvals or adverse regulatory decisions, including failure to receive regulatory approval for our lead product candidate;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">unanticipated safety concerns related to the use of our lead product candidate;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">failures to meet external expectations or management guidance;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">changes in our capital structure or dividend policy, future issuances of securities, sales of large blocks of common stock by our stockholders;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">our cash position;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">announcements and events surrounding financing efforts, including debt and equity securities;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">our inability to enter into new markets or develop new products;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">reputational issues;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">competition from existing technologies and products or new technologies and products that might emerge;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">announcements of acquisitions, partnerships, collaborations, joint ventures, new products, capital commitments, or other events by us or our competitors;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">changes in general economic, political and market conditions in or any of the regions in which we conduct our business;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">changes in industry conditions or perceptions;</font></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">changes in valuations of similar companies or groups of companies;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">analyst research reports, recommendations and changes in recommendations, price targets, and withdrawals of coverage;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">departures and additions of key personnel;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">disputes and litigations related to intellectual properties, proprietary rights, and contractual obligations;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">changes in applicable laws, rules, regulations, or accounting practices and other dynamics; and</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">other events or factors, many of which might be out of our control.</font></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24pt">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In addition, if the market for
stocks in our industry or industries related to our industry, or the stock market in general, experiences a loss of investor confidence,
the trading price of our common stock could decline for reasons unrelated to our business, financial condition and results of operations.
If any of the foregoing occurs, it could cause our stock price to fall and might expose us to lawsuits that, even if unsuccessful, could
be costly to defend and a distraction to management.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.35pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.35pt; text-align: justify"><b><i>Provisions of the Warrants issued
in the 2023 Financing and 2025 Financing could discourage an acquisition of us by a third party.</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.35pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Certain provisions of the 2023
Warrants and 2025 Warrants could make it more difficult or expensive for a third party to acquire us. Such Warrants prohibit us from engaging
in certain transactions constituting &ldquo;fundamental transactions&rdquo; unless, among other things, the surviving entity assumes our
obligations under such Warrants. These and other provisions of the Common Warrants offered by this prospectus could prevent or deter a
third party from acquiring us even where the acquisition could be beneficial to you. Also, we may be required to redeem these Warrants
for a cash payment calculated pursuant to the Black-Scholes option-pricing model.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>An active, liquid and orderly trading market
for our common stock may not develop, the price of our stock may be volatile, and you could lose all or part of your investment.</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt">Even though our common stock
is currently listed on Nasdaq, we cannot predict the extent to which investor interest in our Company will lead to the development of
an active trading market in our securities or how liquid that market might become. If such a market does not develop or is not sustained,
it may be difficult for you to sell your shares of common stock at the time you wish to sell them, at a price that is attractive to you,
or at all. There could be extreme fluctuations in the price of our common stock if there are a limited number of shares in our public
float.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt">The trading price of our common
stock may be highly volatile and could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors, some of which are beyond our control.
Our stock price could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to a variety of factors, which include:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">whether we achieve our anticipated corporate objectives;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">actual or anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly or annual operating results;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">changes in our financial or operational estimates;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">our ability to implement our operational plans;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">changes in the economic performance or market valuations of companies similar to ours; and</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">general economic or political conditions in the United States or elsewhere.</font></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt">In addition, broad market and
industry factors may seriously affect the market price of companies&rsquo; stock, including ours, regardless of actual operating performance.
In the past, following periods of volatility in the overall market and the market price of a particular company&rsquo;s securities, securities
class action litigation has often been instituted against these companies. This litigation, if instituted against us, could result in
substantial costs and a diversion of our management&rsquo;s attention and resources.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Our outstanding Warrants may cause the trading
price of our common stock to decrease.</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Depending on the price of our
common stock, the number of shares of common stock issuable pursuant to the exercise of the Warrants issued in the 2023 Financing, the
2025 Financing and Common Warrants, could result in an immediate decrease in the trading price of our common stock. If the bid price of
our common stock falls below $1.00 per share for thirty (30) consecutive business days, we would no longer meet Nasdaq&rsquo;s minimum
bid price requirement and our common stock would be subject to delisting. We cannot predict the effect, if any, that the availability
of shares for future sale represented by such Warrants will have on the trading price of our common stock from time to time.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>If our shares of common stock become subject
to the penny stock rules, it would become more difficult to trade our shares.</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt">The Securities and Exchange
Commission has adopted rules that regulate broker-dealer practices in connection with transactions in penny stocks. Penny stocks are generally
equity securities with a price of less than $5.00, other than securities registered on certain national securities exchanges or authorized
for quotation on certain automated quotation systems, provided that current price and volume information with respect to transactions
in such securities is provided by the exchange or system. If we do not retain a listing on Nasdaq and if the price of our common stock
is less than $5.00, our common stock will be deemed a penny stock. The penny stock rules require a broker-dealer, before a transaction
in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from those rules, to deliver a standardized risk disclosure document containing specified information.
In addition, the penny stock rules require that before effecting any transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from those rules,
a broker-dealer must make a special written determination that the penny stock is a suitable investment for the purchaser and receive
(i) the purchaser&rsquo;s written acknowledgment of the receipt of a risk disclosure statement; (ii) a written agreement to transactions
involving penny stocks; and (iii) a signed and dated copy of a written suitability statement. These disclosure requirements may have the
effect of reducing the trading activity in the secondary market for our common stock, and therefore stockholders may have difficulty selling
their shares.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>If we were to dissolve, the holders of our securities
may lose all or substantial amounts of their investments.</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt">If we were to dissolve as a
corporation, as part of ceasing to do business or otherwise, we will be required to pay all amounts owed to any creditors before distributing
any assets to holders of our capital stock. There is a risk that in the event of such a dissolution, there will be insufficient funds
to repay amounts owed to holders of any of our indebtedness and insufficient assets to distribute to our capital stockholders, in which
case investors could lose their entire investment.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>If securities or industry analysts do not publish
or cease publishing research or reports about us, our business or our market, or if they change their recommendations regarding our securities
adversely, our stock price and trading volume could decline.</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt">The trading market for our common
stock is influenced by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts may publish about us, our business, our market or
our competitors. If any of the analysts who may cover us change their recommendation regarding our common stock adversely, or provide
more favorable relative recommendations about our competitors, our stock price would likely decline. If any of the analysts who may cover
us were to cease coverage of our Company or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets,
which in turn could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>In making your investment decision, you should
understand that we have not authorized any other party to provide you with information concerning us or this offering.</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt">You should carefully evaluate
all of the information in this prospectus before investing in our company. We may receive media coverage regarding our company, including
coverage that is not directly attributable to statements made by our officers, that incorrectly reports on statements made by our officers
or employees, or that is misleading as a result of omitting information provided by us, our officers or employees. We and the underwriter
have not authorized any other party to provide you with information concerning us or this offering, and you should not rely on unauthorized
information in making an investment decision.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>The Common Stock and Pre-Funded Warrants (which
are exercisable for common stock) sold in this offering will increase the number of our shares of common stock from approximately ____
shares to ____ shares. If all the Common Warrants sold in this offering and the Underwriter Warrants are exercised, the number of our
shares of common stock will increase by an additional _____ shares. The sales of these securities could depress the market price of our
shares of common stock and/or increase the volatility of our trading.</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">A substantial number of shares
of common stock, Pre-Funded Warrants, and Common Warrants are being offered by this prospectus. Sales of a substantial number of our shares
of common stock in the public markets pursuant to the terms of this offering could depress the market price of our shares of common stock
and impair our ability to raise capital to the sale of additional equity securities. Additionally, such sales could also greatly increase
the volatility associated with the trading of our common stock. We cannot predict the number of shares that might be sold, nor the effect
future sales of shares would have on the market price of our shares.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>The Common Warrants and the Pre-Funded Warrants
are speculative in nature and there is not expected to be an active trading market for the Common Warrants.</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">There is no established trading
market for the Common Warrants or Pre-Funded Warrants and we do not expect an active trading market to develop. Without an active trading
market, the liquidity of the Common Warrants and Pre-Funded Warrants will be limited.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Holders of the Common Warrants or Pre-Funded
Warrants will have no rights as a common stockholder until they acquire our common stock.</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Common Warrants and the Pre-Funded
Warrants offered in this offering do not confer any rights of common stock ownership on their holders, such as voting rights or the right
to receive dividends, but rather merely represent the right to acquire shares of our common stock at a fixed price for a limited period
of time. Specifically, commencing on the date of issuance, holders of the Common Warrants may exercise their right to acquire the common
stock and pay an exercise price of $[*] per share (____% of the public offering price of a Unit, subject to adjustment), prior to six
months from the date of issuance, after which date any unexercised Common Warrants will expire and have no further value. In the case
of Pre-Funded Warrants, holders may exercise their right to acquire the common stock and pay an exercise price of $0.00001 per share.
The Pre-Funded Warrants do not expire. Until holders of the Common Warrants or Pre-Funded Warrants acquire shares of our common stock
upon exercise of the Common Warrants or Pre-Funded Warrants, the holders will have no rights with respect to shares of our common stock
issuable upon exercise of the Common Warrants or Pre-Funded Warrants. Upon exercise of the Common Warrants or Pre-Funded Warrants, the
holder will be entitled to exercise the rights of a common stockholder as to the security exercised only as to matters for which the record
date occurs after the exercise.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&nbsp;</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Investors in this offering will experience immediate
and substantial dilution in the book value of their investment.</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The public offering price will
be substantially higher than the net tangible book value per share of our outstanding shares of common stock. As a result, investors in
this offering will incur immediate dilution of $[ ] per share based on the assumed public offering price of $[ ] per Unit. Investors in
this offering will pay a price per Unit that substantially exceeds the book value of our assets after subtracting our liabilities. See
&ldquo;Dilution&rdquo; for a more complete description of how the value of your investment will be diluted upon the completion of this
offering.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.35pt; text-align: justify"><b><i>Provisions of the Common Warrants
could discourage an acquisition of us by a third party.</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.35pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Certain provisions of the Common
Warrants could make it more difficult or expensive for a third party to acquire us. The Common Warrants prohibit us from engaging in certain
transactions constituting &ldquo;fundamental transactions&rdquo; unless, among other things, the surviving entity assumes our obligations
under the Common Warrants. These and other provisions of the Common Warrants offered by this prospectus could prevent or deter a third
party from acquiring us even where the acquisition could be beneficial to you.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>A possible &ldquo;short squeeze&rdquo; due to
a sudden increase in demand of our shares of common stock that largely exceeds supply may lead to price volatility in our shares of common
stock.</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Following this offering, investors
may purchase our shares of common stock to hedge existing exposure in our shares of common stock or to speculate on the price of our shares
of common stock. Speculation on the price of our shares of common stock may involve long and short exposures. To the extent aggregate
short exposure exceeds the number of shares of our common stock available for purchase in the open market, investors with short exposure
may have to pay a premium to repurchase our shares of common stock for delivery to lenders of our shares of common stock. Those repurchases
may in turn, dramatically increase the price of our shares of common stock until investors with short exposure are able to purchase additional
common shares to cover their short position. This is often referred to as a &ldquo;short squeeze&rdquo;. A short squeeze could lead to
volatile price movements in our shares of common stock that are not directly correlated to the performance or prospects of our company
and once investors purchase the shares of common stock necessary to cover their short position the price of our common stock may decline.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b><a name="a_005"></a>CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This prospectus, and the documents
incorporated by reference herein may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933,
as amended (the &ldquo;Securities Act&rdquo;), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &ldquo;Exchange
Act&rdquo;). All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this prospectus, including statements regarding our
future results of operations and financial position, business strategy and plans and our objectives for future operations, are forward-looking
statements. The words &ldquo;anticipate&rdquo;, &ldquo;believe&rdquo;, &ldquo;could&rdquo;, &ldquo;estimate&rdquo;, &ldquo;expect&rdquo;,
&ldquo;forecast&rdquo;, &ldquo;intend&rdquo;, &ldquo;may&rdquo;, &ldquo;plan&rdquo;, &ldquo;potential&rdquo;, &ldquo;should&rdquo;, &ldquo;will&rdquo;,
&ldquo;would&rdquo;, &ldquo;might&rdquo;, and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking
statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from historical results
or anticipated results, including:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">We are engaged in early-stage research and as such might not be successful in our efforts to develop a portfolio of commercially viable products;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">We have incurred substantial losses since our inception and anticipate that we will continue to incur substantial and increasing losses for the foreseeable future;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Our independent registered public accounting firm has expressed substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">We need significant additional financing to fund our operations and complete the development and, if approved, the commercialization of our lead product candidate, LB-100. If we are unable to raise capital when needed, we could be forced to delay, reduce or eliminate our product development programs or commercialization efforts;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">We currently have no source of revenues. We might never generate revenues or achieve profitability;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Our ability to use net operating losses to offset future taxable income might be subject to limitations;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Clinical-stage biopharmaceutical companies with product candidates in clinical development face a wide range of challenging activities which might entail substantial risk;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">We might find it difficult to enroll patients in our clinical trials which could delay or prevent the start of clinical trials for our product candidate;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">The results of preclinical studies or earlier clinical trials are not necessarily predictive of future results. Our lead product candidate in clinical trials, and any other product candidates that might advance into clinical trials, might not have favorable results in later clinical trials or receive regulatory approval;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Clinical drug development involves a lengthy and expensive process with an uncertain outcome;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">There is a risk that one or more of our clinical trials could be placed on hold by regulatory authorities due to serious adverse events (SAEs) related to our drug candidate or to another company&rsquo;s drug used in combination in one of our clinical trials.&nbsp;&nbsp;It is possible that the SAEs could be attributable to our drug candidate and could include, but not be limited to, unexpected severe side effects, treatment-related deaths, or long-term health complications. A dose given could result in non-tolerable adverse events defined as dose-limiting toxicity (DLT). When two DLTs occur at the same dose-level that dose-level is considered too high and unsafe.&nbsp;&nbsp;Further treatment is only allowed at lower dose-levels that have previously been found safe.</font></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Risks associated with operating in foreign countries could materially adversely affect our product development;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Our current and future product candidates, the methods used to deliver them or their dosage levels may cause undesirable side effects or have other properties that could delay or prevent their regulatory approval, limit the commercial profile of an approved label or result in significant negative consequences following any regulatory approval;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Our product development program might not uncover all possible adverse events that patients who take our lead product candidate may experience. The number of subjects exposed to our lead product candidate and the average exposure time in the clinical development program might be inadequate to detect rare adverse events or chance findings that might only be detected once the product is administered to more patients and for greater periods of time;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Our future success is dependent on the regulatory approval of our lead product candidate;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Our lead product candidate and future product candidates could fail to receive regulatory approval from the FDA;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Failure to obtain regulatory approval in international jurisdictions would prevent our lead product candidate from being marketed abroad;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Even if our current primary product candidate received regulatory approval, it might still face future development and regulatory difficulties;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">We depend on certain key scientific personnel for our success who do not work full time for us. The loss of any such personnel could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">We expect to rely heavily on third parties for the conduct of clinical trials of our product candidates. If these clinical trials are not successful, or if we or our collaborators are not able to obtain the necessary regulatory approvals, we will not be able to commercialize our product candidates;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Business interruptions could adversely affect future operations, revenues, and financial conditions, and might increase our costs and expenses;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Our failure to find third party collaborators to assist or share in the costs of product development could materially harm our business, financial condition or results of operations;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">We might be subject to claims by third parties asserting that our employees, consultants, collaborators contractors or we have misappropriated their intellectual property, or claiming ownership of what we regard as our own intellectual property;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">We cannot be certain we will be able to obtain patent protection to protect our product candidates and technology;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">If we do not obtain patent term extension in the United States under the Hatch-Waxman Act or in foreign countries under similar legislation, our business might be materially harmed;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">If we fail to comply with our obligations in agreements under which we have licensed or, might license, intellectual property rights from third parties, or if we otherwise experience disruptions to our business relationships with our licensors, we could lose rights that are important to our business;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">We might infringe the intellectual property rights of others, which may prevent or delay our product development efforts and stop us from commercializing or increase the costs of commercializing our product candidates;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">We might be subject to claims that our employees, consultants or independent contractors have wrongfully used or disclosed alleged trade secrets of one or more third parties;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Our intellectual property might not be sufficient to protect our intended products from competition, which might negatively affect our business as well as limit our partnership or acquisition appeal;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">If we are not able to protect and control our unpatented trade secrets, know-how and other technological innovation, we might suffer competitive harm;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">We might incur substantial costs prosecuting our patent applications, maintaining our patents and patent applications, enforcing our patents, defending against third party patent infringement suits, seeking invalidation of third party patents or in-licensing third party intellectual property, as a result of litigation or other proceedings relating to patent and other intellectual property rights;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">If we are unable to protect our intellectual property rights, our competitors might develop and market products with similar or identical features that might reduce demand for our potential products;</font></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Our commercial success depends upon attaining significant market acceptance of our current product candidate and future product candidates, if approved, among physicians, patients, healthcare payors and cancer treatment centers;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Even if we are able to commercialize our lead product candidate or any future product candidates, the products might not receive coverage or adequate reimbursement from third party payors in the United States and in other countries in which we seek to commercialize our intended products, which could harm our business;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Healthcare legislative measures aimed at reducing healthcare costs might have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Price controls might be imposed in foreign markets, which might adversely affect our future profitability;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Our relationships with customers and third party payors will be subject to applicable anti-kickback, fraud and abuse and other healthcare laws and regulations, which could expose us to criminal sanctions, civil penalties, contractual damages, reputational harm and diminished profits and future earnings. If we or they are unable to comply with these provisions, we might become subject to civil and criminal investigations and proceedings that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and prospects;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Our employees might engage in misconduct or other improper activities, including noncompliance with regulatory standards and requirements, which could cause significant liability for us and harm our reputation;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Product liability lawsuits against us could cause us to incur substantial liabilities and to limit commercialization of any products that we might develop;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">We face substantial competition, which might result in others discovering, developing or commercializing products before or more successfully than we do;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Significant disruptions of information technology systems, computer system failures or breaches of information and cyber security could adversely affect our business;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">We might need to grow the size of our organization in the future, and we might experience difficulties in managing this growth;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Inadequate funding for the FDA, the SEC and other government agencies could hinder their ability to hire and retain key leadership and other personnel, prevent new products and services from being developed or commercialized in a timely manner or otherwise prevent those agencies from performing normal business functions on which the operation of our business might rely, which could negatively impact our business;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Unstable market and economic conditions and adverse developments with respect to financial institutions and associated liquidity risk may have serious adverse consequences on our business, financial condition and stock price;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">We are a &ldquo;smaller reporting company&rdquo; and we have elected to comply with certain reduced reporting and disclosure requirements which could make its common stock less attractive to investors;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">The price of our common stock might fluctuate substantially;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">A sale or perceived sale of a substantial number of shares of our common stock might cause the price of our common stock to decline;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Market and economic conditions might negatively impact our business, financial condition and share price;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports, or publish unfavorable research or reports about our business, our stock price and trading volume might decline;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Future sales and issuances of our common stock could result in additional dilution of the percentage ownership of our stockholders and could cause our share price to fall;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">We do not intend to pay cash dividends on our shares of common stock so any returns will be limited to the value of our shares;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">We might be at risk of securities class action litigation;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Our Certificate of Incorporation and our Amended and Restated Bylaws, and Delaware law might have anti-takeover effects that could discourage, delay or prevent a change in control, which might cause our stock price to decline;</font></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Financial reporting obligations of being a public company in the United States are expensive and time-consuming, and our management will be required to devote substantial time to compliance matters; and</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">If we fail to comply with the rules under Sarbanes-Oxley related to accounting controls and procedures in the future, or, if we discover material weaknesses and other deficiencies in our internal control and accounting procedures, our stock price could decline significantly and raising capital could be more difficult.</font></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We caution you that the foregoing
list may not contain all of the forward-looking statements made in this prospectus. We have based these forward-looking statements largely
on our current expectations about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations,
business strategy, short term and long-term business operations and objectives, and financial needs. These forward-looking statements
are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including those described in &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo;. Moreover, we
operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for our management
to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of
factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. In light of
these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking events and circumstances discussed in this prospectus may not occur and
actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">You should not rely upon forward-looking
statements as predictions of future events. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are
reasonable, we cannot guarantee that the future results, levels of activity, performance or events and circumstances reflected in the
forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur. We undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements for
any reason after the date of this prospectus to conform these statements to actual results or to changes in our expectations.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">You should read this prospectus
and the documents that we reference in this prospectus and have filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as exhibits to the registration
statement of which this prospectus is a part with the understanding that our actual future results, levels of activity, performance and
events and circumstances may be materially different from what we expect.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b><a name="a_006"></a>USE OF PROCEEDS</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We estimate that the net proceeds
from this offering will be approximately $____ (or approximately $____ if the over-allotment option is exercised in full) after deducting
underwriter discounts and commissions, and estimated offering expenses payable by us, and excluding the proceeds, if any, from the cash
exercise of the Common Warrants.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We will only receive additional
proceeds from the exercise of the Common Warrants and the Underwriter Warrants if such Warrants are exercised and the holders of such
Warrants pay the exercise price in cash.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We currently intend to use the
net proceeds of this offering as working capital and for general corporate purposes.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The actual allocation of proceeds
realized from this offering will depend upon our cash position and our working capital requirements. We cannot currently allocate specific
percentages of the net proceeds to us from this offering that we may use for these purposes. Therefore, as of the date of this prospectus,
we cannot specify with certainty all of the particular uses for the net proceeds to be received upon the completion of this offering.
Accordingly, we will have discretion in the application of the net proceeds, and investors will be relying on our judgment regarding the
application of the proceeds of this offering. Pending our use of the net proceeds from this offering, we intend to invest the net proceeds
in a variety of capital preservation investments, including short-term, investment-grade, interest-bearing instruments and U.S. government
securities.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b><a name="a_007"></a>CAPITALIZATION</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt">The following table sets forth
our capitalization as of December 31, 2024 as follows:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">on an actual basis; </font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: white">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">on an as adjusted basis, to reflect the issuance and sale of 434,784 shares of common stock on February 13, 2025 at an offering price of $2.415 per share after deducting placement agent fees and offering expenses of $135,775 and the receipt of the proceeds of such sale; and</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: white">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">On an as further adjusted basis, to reflect the issuance and sale of ________ Units, consisting of ________ shares of common stock and __________ common stock warrants, in the offering as described herein at the public offering price of $_____ per Unit after deducting underwriter&rsquo;s fees and estimated offering expenses and the receipt of the proceeds of such sale.</font></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The information below is illustrative
only. Our capitalization following the closing of this Common Unit offering will change based on the actual public offering price and
other terms of this offering determined at pricing. You should read this table in conjunction with &ldquo;Management&rsquo;s Discussion
and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations&rdquo; and the consolidated financial statements and related notes in our
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 and subsequent Exchange Act reports.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&nbsp;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="10" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">As of December 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&nbsp;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Actual</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>As</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Adjusted</b></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>As</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Further</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Adjusted</b></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center">(unaudited)</td><td style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center">(unaudited)</td><td style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 55%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Cash</td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 11%; border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">1,038,952</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 11%; border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">1,953,180</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="width: 11%; border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 10pt">$</font></td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Stockholders&rsquo; equity:</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value per share, 10,000,000 shares authorized, issued and outstanding 350,000 shares</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">3,500,000</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">3,500,000</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 10pt">$</font></td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Common stock, $0.0001 par value per share; 100,000,000 shares authorized, 2,249,290 issued and outstanding shares actual, 2,684,074 shares on an as adjusted basis, and _______ shares on an as further adjusted basis</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">225</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">268</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Additional paid-in capital</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">49,394,687</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">50,308,872</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Accumulated deficit</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(52,067,693</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(52,067,693</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total stockholders&rsquo; equity</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">827,219</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">1,741,447</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total capitalization</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">827,219</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">1,741,447</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 10pt">$</font></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The number of shares of our common
stock outstanding as set forth above excludes:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">72,917 shares of our common stock issuable upon the conversion of 350,000 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock outstanding at a conversion rate of 0.2083 common shares per preferred share, reflecting a conversion price of $48.00 per common share;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">662,078 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of common stock options issued to members of management, consultants, and directors at a weighted average exercise price of $11.526 per share; </font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">1,275,758 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding common stock warrants at an average exercise price of $11.254 per common share, including 434,784 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of 434,784 common stock warrants exercisable at $2.29 per share issued in our February 13, 2025 offering, 32,609 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of 32,609 common stock warrants exercisable at $3.1088 per share issued to the placement agent in our February 13, 2025 offering, and 137,700 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of 137,700 publicly traded warrants at $57.00 per common share through November 30, 2025;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">133,339 shares of common stock reserved for future grants pursuant to our 2020 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended (the &ldquo;2020 Plan&rdquo;);</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">__________ shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of common stock warrants at an exercise price of $_____ per common share issuable to investors in this Common Unit offering; and</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">__________ shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of common stock warrants at an exercise price of $_______ per common share issuable the underwriter in this Common Unit offering.</font></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>DILUTION</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If you invest in our Common Units
in this offering, your investment will be immediately and substantially diluted to the extent of the difference between the public offering
price per share of our common stock that is part of the Common Unit and the as adjusted net tangible book value per share of our common
stock after giving effect to the offering.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our net tangible book value (deficit)
as of December 31, 2024 was $___, or $_____ per share. Net tangible book value per share represents our total tangible assets less total
liabilities, divided by the number of shares of common stock outstanding.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">As adjusted net tangible book
value dilution per share of common stock to new investors represents the difference between the amount per share of common stock that
is part of the Common Unit paid by investors in the offering and the net tangible book value per share of common stock immediately after
completion of the offering. After giving effect to the offering and our sale of the Common Units in the offering at an assumed public
offering price of $[ ] per Common Unit, and after deduction of underwriter fees from gross proceeds raised in the offering and estimated
offering expenses payable by us, our as adjusted net tangible book value as of December 31, 2024 would have been $[ ] or $[ ] per share
of common stock. This represents an immediate increase in net tangible book value of $[ ] per share of common stock to existing stockholders
and an immediate dilution in net tangible book value of $[ ] per share of common stock to investors in the offering, as illustrated in
the following table, based on common shares outstanding as of December 31, 2024.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The information below is illustrative
only and assumes the maximum offering amount is sold. The dilution caused by this offering will change based on the actual public offering
amount and price and other terms of this offering determined at pricing. You should read this table in conjunction with &ldquo;Management&rsquo;s
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations&rdquo; and the financial statements and related notes included
in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 and subsequent Exchange Act reports.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" align="center" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 68%; text-align: left">Assumed offering price per share of common stock (with no value attributed to Common Stock Warrants)</td><td style="width: 2%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="width: 2%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Actual net tangible book value per share of common stock before this offering<sup>(1)</sup></font></td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right"></td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right"></td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Increase in net tangible book value per share attributable to new investors<sup>(2)</sup></font></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Net tangible book value per share after this offering<sup>(3)</sup></font></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Immediate dilution in net tangible book value per share to new investors</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">(1)</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Determined by dividing (i) net tangible book value (total assets less intangible assets) less total liabilities by (ii) the total number of shares of common stock issued and outstanding prior to the offering.</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">(2)</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Represents the difference between (i) as adjusted net tangible book value per share after this offering and (ii) net tangible book value per share as of December 31, 2024.</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">(3)</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Determined by dividing (i) as adjusted net tangible book value, which is our net tangible book value plus the cash proceeds of this offering, after deducting the estimated offering expenses payable by us, by (ii) the total number of shares of common stock to be outstanding following this offering.</font></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt">An increase of $0.25 in the
assumed public offering price of $____ per Common Unit would increase the net tangible book value per share after this offering by $____
per share and the dilution to new investors purchasing Common Units in this offering by $____ per share, assuming the number of Common
Units offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same, and after deducting placement agent fees and
estimated offering expenses payable by us.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt">A decrease of $0.25 in the assumed
public offering price of $____ per Common Unit would decrease the net tangible book value per share after this offering by $____ per share
and the dilution to new investors purchasing Common Units in this offering by $____ per share, assuming the number of Common Units offered
by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same, and after deducting placement agent fees and estimated offering
expenses payable by us.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If we only sell 75%, 50% or 25%
of the maximum offering amount, our net tangible book value per share after this offering would be $____, $____ or $____, respectively,
and the immediate dilution in net tangible book value per share to new investors purchasing Common Units in this offering would be $____,
$____ or $____, respectively, assuming no Pre-Funded Warrants are issued and no Common Warrants are exercised, and after deducting placement
agent fees and estimated offering expenses payable by us.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If the underwriter exercises its
option to purchase an additional [____] Common Units in full, our as adjusted net tangible book value after giving effect to this offering,
would have been approximately$[ ] per share, representing an increase in net tangible book value of approximately $[ ] per share to existing
stockholders and immediate dilution in net tangible book value of approximately $[ ] per share to new investors purchasing shares in this
offering.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The information discussed above
is illustrative only and will adjust based on the actual public offering price, the actual number of Common Units that we offer in this
offering, and other terms of this offering determined at the time of pricing. The foregoing discussion and table assume no issuance of
Pre-Funded Warrants, which if sold, would reduce the number of Common Units that we are offering on a one-for-one basis. In addition,
we may choose to raise additional capital due to market conditions or strategic considerations. To the extent that additional capital
is raised through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, the issuance of these securities could result in further dilution
to our stockholders.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The number of shares of our common
stock outstanding as set forth above excludes:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">72,917 shares of our common stock issuable upon the conversion of 350,000 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock outstanding at a conversion rate of 0.2083 common shares per preferred share, reflecting a conversion price of $48.00 per common share;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">662,078 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of common stock options issued to members of management, consultants, and directors at a weighted average exercise price of $11.526 per share; </font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">1,275,758 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding common stock warrants at an average exercise price of $11.254 per common share, including 434,784 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of 434,784 common stock warrants exercisable at $2.29 per share issued in our February 13, 2025 offering, 32,609 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of 32,609 common stock warrants exercisable at $3.1088 per share issued to the placement agent in our February 13, 2025 offering, and 137,700 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of 137,700 publicly traded warrants at $57.00 per common share through November 30, 2025;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">133,339 shares of common stock reserved for future grants pursuant to our 2020 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended (the &ldquo;2020 Plan&rdquo;);</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">__________ shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of common stock warrants at an exercise price of $_____ per common share issuable to investors in this Common Unit offering; and</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">__________ shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of common stock warrants at an exercise price of $_______ per common share issuable the underwriter in this Common Unit offering.</font></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b><a name="a_008"></a>SELECTED HISTORICAL FINANCIAL DATA</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><b>Consolidated Statements of Operations Data</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&nbsp;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="6" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Years Ended December 31,</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&nbsp;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">Revenues</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&mdash;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&mdash;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Costs and expenses:</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="width: 64%; text-align: left">Research and development costs</td><td style="width: 2%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="width: 14%; text-align: right">726,232</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="width: 2%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="width: 14%; text-align: right">898,100</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">General and administrative costs</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">2,846,557</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">4,192,136</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Total costs and expenses</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">3,572,789</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">5,090,236</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Loss from operations</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">(3,572,789</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">(5,090,236</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Interest income</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">7,048</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">17,486</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Interest expense</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">(16,821</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">(16,233</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Foreign currency gain (loss)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(3,403</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">1,954</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Net loss</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">(3,585,965</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">(5,087,029</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Net loss per common share &ndash; basic and diluted</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">(1.59</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">(2.66</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Weighted average common shares outstanding &ndash; basic and diluted</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">2,249,290</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">1,915,838</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5pt"><b>Consolidated Balance Sheet Data</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&nbsp;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="6" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">December 31,</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&nbsp;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 64%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total current assets</td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 14%; border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">1,145,503</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 14%; border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">4,308,620</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total assets</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">1,145,503</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">4,308,620</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total current liabilities</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">318,824</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">313,858</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total liabilities</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">318,824</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">313,858</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Stockholders&rsquo; equity:</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Preferred Stock, $0.0001 par value; authorized &ndash; 10,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding &ndash; 350,000 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, $10.00 per share stated value, liquidation preference based on assumed conversion into common shares &ndash; 72,917 shares</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">3,500,000</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">3,500,000</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Common stock, $0.0001 par value; authorized &ndash; 100,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding &ndash; 2,249,290 shares at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">225</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">225</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Additional paid-in capital</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">49,394,687</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">48,976,265</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Accumulated deficit</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(52,067,693</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(48,481,728</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total stockholders&rsquo; equity</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">827,219</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">3,994,762</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><b>&nbsp;</b></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><b>&nbsp;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b><a name="a_009"></a>DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><b>General</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our certificate of incorporation,
as amended, authorizes the issuance of up to 100,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, and up to 10,000,000 shares
of preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share. As of March 31, 2025, there were 2,684,074 shares of common stock outstanding, which
were held by 46 stockholders of record, and 350,000 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock outstanding convertible into 72,917
shares of common stock.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">On June 2, 2023, we effected a
reverse stock split of our common stock at a ratio of 1-for-10. All share and per share information presented in this prospectus reflects
the effect of the reverse stock split.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><b>Common Stock</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Each holder of common stock is
entitled to one vote for each share of common stock held on all matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders, including the election
of directors. Our certificate of incorporation, as amended and bylaws do not provide for cumulative voting rights.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Subject to preferences that may
be applicable to any then outstanding preferred stock, the holders of our outstanding shares of common stock are entitled to receive dividends,
if any, as may be declared from time to time by our Board of Directors out of legally available funds. In the event of our liquidation,
dissolution or winding up, holders of common stock will be entitled to share ratably in the net assets legally available for distribution
to stockholders after the payment of all of our debts and other liabilities, subject to the satisfaction of any liquidation preference
granted to the holders of any outstanding shares of preferred stock.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Holders of our common stock have
no pre-emptive, conversion or subscription rights, and there are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to the common stock.
The rights, preferences and privileges of the holders of common stock are subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of
the holders of shares of any series of our preferred stock that are outstanding or that we may designate and issue in the future.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><b>Preferred Stock</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our Board of Directors is authorized,
without vote or action by our stockholders, to issue from time to time up to an aggregate of 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one
or more series and to fix or alter the designations, preferences, rights and any qualifications, limitations or restrictions of the shares
of each of these series, including, if applicable, the dividend rights and preferences, conversion rights, voting rights, terms and rights
of redemption, including without limitation sinking fund provisions, redemption price or prices, liquidation rights and preferences, and
the number of shares constituting any series. The issuance of preferred stock may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing
a change in control of us without further action by our stockholders and may adversely affect the dividend, liquidation and voting and
other rights of the holders of common stock. The issuance of preferred stock with voting and conversion rights may adversely affect the
voting power of the holders of common stock, including the loss of voting control to others. We currently have no plans to issue any additional
shares of preferred stock.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We believe that the ability to
issue preferred stock without the expense and delay of a special stockholders&rsquo; meeting provides us with increased flexibility in
structuring possible future financings and acquisitions, and in meeting other corporate needs that might arise. This also permits the
Board of Directors of the Company to issue preferred stock containing terms which could impede the completion of a takeover attempt. This
could discourage an acquisition attempt or other transaction which stockholders might believe to be in their best interests or in which
they might receive a premium for their stock over the then market price of the stock.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><b>Warrants</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In connection with the 2023 Financing
and 2025 Financing, we issued warrants to purchase a total of 1,085,727 shares to the investors and placement agents, including Warrants
to purchase 583,334 shares of common stock exercisable at $6.00 per share to the investor in the 2023 Financing and Warrants to purchase
434,784 shares of common stock exercisable at $2.29 per share to the investors in the 2025 Financing.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The exercise prices of the Warrants
are subject to customary adjustments for stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations, reclassifications, reorganizations, or similar
events affecting our common stock. In addition, the Warrants contain a &ldquo;fundamental transaction&rdquo; provision which provides
that if any defined fundamental transactions are within our control and are consummated, the holder of the unexercised common stock Warrants
would be entitled to receive, at its option, in exchange for extinguishment of such Warrants, cash consideration equal to a Black-Scholes
valuation amount, as defined in the Warrant agreement. The fundamental transaction provision includes (i) a sale, lease, assignment, transfer,
conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of assets in one or a series of related transactions, or (ii) a change in
control of the Company by which it, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions, consummates a stock or share purchase
agreement or other business combination with another person or group, whereby such other person or group acquires more than 50% of the
voting power of our common equity.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If such fundamental transaction
is not within our control, including not being approved by our Board of Directors, the Warrant holder would only be entitled to receive
the same type or form of consideration (and in the same proportion) equal to the Black-Scholes valuation amount of the remaining unexercised
portion of the Warrant on the date of consummation of such fundamental transaction as the holders of our common stock receive. Accordingly,
these Warrants are classified as a component of permanent stockholders&rsquo; equity. We will account for any cash payment for a Warrant
redemption as a distribution from stockholders&rsquo; equity, as and when a fundamental transaction is consummated and such cash payment
is required to be made.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Anti-Takeover Effects of Certain Provisions in
our Certificate and Bylaws</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.35pt"><b><i>Exclusive Forum</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.35pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The certificate of
incorporation provides that, unless we consent to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware
shall be the sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (ii) any action asserting a claim
of breach of fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors, officers, or other employee to us or to our stockholders, (iii) any action asserting
a claim against us arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law, the certificate of incorporation or the
bylaws or (iv) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine. However, this provision does not apply to suits
brought to enforce a duty or liability created by the Exchange Act. In addition, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware and the
federal district courts will have concurrent jurisdiction for the resolution of any suit brought to enforce any duty or liability created
by the Securities Act. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the inclusion of such provisions in the certificate of incorporation will not be
deemed to be a waiver by us or our stockholders of the obligation to comply with federal securities laws, rules and regulations.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Although we believe
these provisions benefit the Company by providing increased consistency in the application of Delaware law in the types of lawsuits to
which it applies, these provisions may have the effect of discouraging lawsuits against the Company&rsquo;s directors and officers. Furthermore,
the enforceability of choice of forum provisions in other companies&rsquo; certificates of incorporation has been challenged in legal
proceedings, and it is possible that a court could find these types of provisions to be inapplicable or unenforceable.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.35pt; text-align: justify"><b><i>Advance Notice of Stockholder Proposals
and Nominations</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.35pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our bylaws include an
advance notice procedure for stockholders to nominate candidates for election as directors or to bring other business before any meeting
of our stockholders. The stockholder notice procedure provides that only persons who are nominated by, or at the direction of, the Board
of Directors, or by a stockholder who has given timely written notice prior to the meeting at which directors are to be elected, will
be eligible for election as directors and that, at a stockholders&rsquo; meeting, only such business may be conducted as has been brought
before the meeting by, or at the direction of, the Board of Directors or by a stockholder who has given timely written notice of such
stockholder&rsquo;s intention to bring such business before such meeting.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Under the stockholder
notice procedure, for notice of stockholder nominations or other business to be made at a stockholders&rsquo; meeting to be timely, such
notice must be received by us not earlier than the close of business on the 120th calendar day and not later than the close of business
on the 90th calendar day prior to the one-year anniversary of the immediately preceding year&rsquo;s annual meeting or as otherwise provided
in the bylaws.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">A stockholder&rsquo;s
notice to us proposing to nominate a person for election as a director or proposing other business must contain certain information specified
in the bylaws, including the identity and address of the nominating stockholder, a representation that the stockholder is a record holder
of our stock entitled to vote at the meeting and information regarding each proposed nominee or each proposed matter of business that
would be required under the federal securities laws to be included in a proxy statement soliciting proxies for the proposed nominee or
the proposed matter of business.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The stockholder notice
procedure may have the effect of precluding a contest for the election of directors or the consideration of stockholder proposals if the
proper procedures are not followed, and of discouraging or deterring a third party from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect
its own slate of directors or to approve its own proposal, without regard to whether consideration of such nominees or proposals might
be harmful or beneficial to us and our stockholder.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.35pt"><b><i>Restrictions on Call of Special Meetings</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.35pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our bylaws provide
that special meetings of stockholders can only be called by the Board of Directors, Chief Executive Officer or President (in the absence
of a Chief Executive Officer), but not by our stockholders or any other person or persons.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.35pt"><b><i>No Cumulative Voting</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.35pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The certificate of incorporation
does not authorize cumulative voting for the election of directors.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.35pt"><b><i>Preferred Stock Authorization</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.35pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our Board of Directors, without
stockholder approval, has the authority under our certificate of incorporation to issue preferred stock with rights superior to the rights
of the holders of common stock. As a result, preferred stock, while not intended as a defensive measure against takeovers, could be issued
quickly and easily, could adversely affect the rights of holders of common stock and could be issued with terms calculated to delay or
prevent a change of control of the Company or make removal of management more difficult.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES WE ARE OFFERING</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Common Stock</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The material terms and provisions
of our common stock are described under the caption &ldquo;Description of Securities&rdquo;.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Common Warrants</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>Overview. </i>The following
summary of certain terms and provisions of the Common Warrants offered hereby is not complete and is subject to, and qualified in its
entirety by, the provisions of the Common Warrant agent agreement between us the Common Warrant Agent, and the form of Common Warrant
which is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Each Common Warrant will have
an exercise price of $[ ] per share (or ___% of the price of each Common Unit) and will expire on the five year anniversary of the date
of issuance.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This offering also relates to
the offering of the shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the Common Warrants. For more information regarding the Common
Warrants, you should carefully read the section titled &ldquo;Description of Securities We Are Offering &mdash; Common Warrants&rdquo;
in this prospectus.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>Exercise Limitation</i>.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">A holder (together
with its affiliates) may not exercise any portion of the Common Warrants to the extent that the holder would own more than 4.99% (or,
at the election of the holder, 9.99%) of the outstanding common stock immediately after exercise, except that upon at least sixty-one
(61) days prior notice from the holder to us, the holder may increase the amount of ownership of outstanding stock after exercising the
holder&rsquo;s Common Warrants up to 9.99% of the number of shares of our common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to
the exercise, as such percentage ownership is determined in accordance with the terms of the Common Warrants.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>Fractional Shares</i>.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">No fractional shares
of common stock will be issued upon exercise of the Common Warrants. If, upon exercise of the Common Warrant, a holder would be entitled
to receive a fractional interest in a share, we will, in our discretion and upon exercise, either pay a cash adjustment in respect of
such final fraction in an amount equal to such fraction multiplied by the exercise price or round up to the next whole share.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>Transferability</i>.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Subject to applicable
laws, the Common Warrants may be offered for sale, sold, transferred or assigned at the option of the holder without our consent.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>Exchange Listing</i>.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">There is no established public
trading market for the Common Warrants, and we do not expect a market to develop. In addition, we do not intend to list the Common Warrants
on any securities exchange or nationally recognized trading system.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>Fundamental Transaction</i>.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In the event of a &ldquo;fundamental
transaction&rdquo;, as described in the Common Warrants and generally including any reorganization, recapitalization or reclassification
of our common stock, the sale, transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all of our properties or assets, our consolidation
or merger with or into another person, the acquisition of more than 50% of our outstanding common stock, or any person or group becoming
the beneficial owner of 50% of the voting power represented by our outstanding common stock, the holders of the Common Warrants will be
entitled to receive upon exercise of the Common Warrants the kind and amount of securities, cash or other property that the holders would
have received had they exercised the Common Warrants immediately prior to such fundamental transaction. Additionally, as more fully described
in the Common Warrants, in the event of certain fundamental transactions, the holders of the Common Warrants will be entitled to receive
consideration in an amount equal to the Black Scholes value of the Common Warrants.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>Rights as a Stockholder</i>.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Except by virtue of
such holder&rsquo;s ownership of shares of our common stock, the holder of a Common Warrant does not have the rights or privileges of
a holder of our common stock, including any voting rights, until the holder exercises the Common Warrant.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Pre-Funded Warrants</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The following description of the
Pre-Funded Warrants we are offering is a summary and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the provisions of the Pre-Funded Warrants,
the form of which is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Each Pre-Funded Warrant is exercisable
for one share of our common stock, with an exercise price equal to $0.00001 per share, at any time that the Pre-Funded Warrant is outstanding.
There is no expiration date for the Pre-Funded Warrants. The holder of a Pre-Funded Warrant will not be deemed a holder of our underlying
common stock until the Pre-Funded Warrant is exercised.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The exercise price and the number
of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants is subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of recapitalization
events, stock dividends, stock splits, stock combinations, reclassifications, reorganizations or similar events affecting our common stock.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The term &ldquo;pre-funded&rdquo;
refers to the fact that the purchase price of our common stock in this offering includes almost the entire exercise price that will be
paid under the Pre-Funded Warrants, except for a nominal remaining exercise price of $0.00001. The purpose of the Pre-Funded Warrants
is to enable investors that may have restrictions on their ability to beneficially own more than 4.99% (or, upon election of the holder,
9.99%) of our outstanding common stock following the consummation of this offering the opportunity to make an investment in us without
triggering their ownership restrictions, by receiving Pre-Funded Warrants in lieu of our common stock which would result in such ownership
of more than 4.99% (or 9.99%), and receive the ability to exercise their option to purchase the shares underlying the Pre-Funded Warrants
at such nominal price at a later date.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Pre-Funded Warrants are exercisable,
at the option of the holder, in whole or in part, by delivering to us a duly executed exercise notice accompanied by payment in full for
the number of shares of common stock purchased upon such exercise (except in the case of a cashless exercise, as discussed below). A holder
(together with its affiliates) may not exercise any portion of the Pre-Funded Warrants to the extent that the holder would own more than
4.99% (or, at the election of the holder, 9.99%) of the outstanding shares of common stock immediately after exercise. However, upon notice
from the holder to us, the holder may decrease or increase the holder&rsquo;s beneficial ownership limitation, which may not exceed 9.99%
of the number of outstanding shares of common stock immediately after giving effect to the exercise, as such percentage ownership is determined
in accordance with the terms of the Pre-Funded Warrants, provided that any increase in the beneficial ownership limitation will not take
effect until sixty-one (61) days following notice to us. Purchasers in this offering may also elect, prior to the issuance of the Pre-Funded
Warrants, to have the initial exercise limitation set at 9.99% of our outstanding shares of common stock. No fractional shares will be
issued in connection with the exercise of a Pre-Funded Warrant. In lieu of fractional shares, we will either pay the holder an amount
in cash equal to the fractional amount multiplied by the exercise price or round up to the next whole share.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If at the time a holder exercises
its Pre-Funded Warrants, a registration statement registering the issuance of the shares of common stock underlying the Pre-Funded Warrants
under the Securities Act is not then effective or available and an exemption from registration under the Securities Act is not available
for the issuance of such shares, then in lieu of making the cash payment otherwise contemplated to be made to us upon such exercise in
payment of the aggregate exercise price, the holder may elect instead to receive upon such exercise (either in whole or in part) the net
number of shares of common stock determined according to a formula set forth in the Pre-Funded Warrants.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Subject to applicable laws, a
Pre-Funded Warrant may be transferred at the option of the holder upon surrender of the Pre-Funded Warrant to us together with the appropriate
instruments of transfer.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>Exchange Listing</i>.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">There is no trading market available
for the Pre-Funded Warrants on any securities exchange or nationally recognized trading system. We do not intend to list the Pre-Funded
Warrants on any securities exchange or nationally recognized trading system.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>Right as a Stockholder</i>.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Except as otherwise provided in
the Pre-Funded Warrants or by virtue of such holder&rsquo;s ownership of our shares of common stock, the holders of the Pre-Funded Warrants
do not have the rights or privileges of holders of our shares of common stock, including any voting rights, until the holder exercises
their Pre-Funded Warrants.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>Fundamental Transaction.</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In the event of a fundamental
transaction, as described in the Pre-Funded Warrants and generally including any reorganization, recapitalization or reclassification
of our shares of common stock, the sale, transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all of our properties or assets, our consolidation
or merger with or into another person, the acquisition of more than 50% of our outstanding shares of common stock, or any person or group
becoming the beneficial owner of more than 50% of the voting power represented by our outstanding shares of common stock, the holders
of the Pre-Funded Warrants will be entitled to receive upon exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants the kind and amount of securities, cash
or other property that the holders would have received had they exercised the Pre-Funded Warrants immediately prior to such fundamental
transaction.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b><a name="a_010"></a>UNDERWRITING</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We will enter into an underwriting
agreement with Spartan Capital Securities, LLC in connection with this offering. Spartan is acting as the sole book-running manager. The
underwriting agreement provides for the purchase of a specific number of units. The underwriter has agreed to purchase the number of units
set forth opposite its name below:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Underwriter</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Number of</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Units</b></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 78%; text-align: left">Spartan Capital Securities, LLC</td><td style="width: 2%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="width: 18%; text-align: right"></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The underwriting agreement provides
that the underwriter&rsquo;s obligation to purchase Units depends on the satisfaction of the conditions contained in the underwriting
agreement including:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">the representations and warranties made by us to the underwriter are true;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">there is no material change in our business or the financial markets; and</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">we deliver customary closing documents to the underwriter.</font></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The underwriter has agreed to
purchase all of the units offered by this prospectus (other than those covered by the over-allotment option described below), if any are
purchased under the underwriting agreement.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The underwriter is offering the
units subject to various conditions and may reject all or part of any order. The underwriter has advised us that the underwriter proposes
to offer the units directly to the public at the public offering price per unit that appears on the cover page of this prospectus. In
addition, the underwriter may offer some of the units to other securities dealers at such price less a concession of&thinsp;$[_____] per
unit. After the units are released for sale to the public, the underwriter may change the offering price and other selling terms at various
times.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We have granted the underwriter
an over-allotment option to purchase up to ____ additional shares of common stock, representing 15% of the Units sold in the offering
(at an assumed public offering price of $___ per Common Unit, which is the last reported sales price of our common stock on the Nasdaq
Capital Market on ______, 2025 less $0.00001 attributable to each whole Common Warrant)), and/or up to ______ Common Warrants (at a purchase
price equal to $0.00001 per option Common Warrant), representing 15% of the Units sold in the offering. The underwriter may exercise the
over-allotment option with respect to shares of common stock only, Common Warrants only, or any combination thereof on the same terms
and conditions set forth above solely to cover over-allotments. The underwriter may exercise this option in whole or in part at any time
within forty-five (45) calendar days after the date of the offering.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If the underwriter exercises all
or part of this option, Spartan will units covered by the option at the public offering price that appears on the cover page of this prospectus,
less the underwriting discount. The underwriter has agreed that, to the extent the over-allotment option is exercised, they will purchase
the additional shares, warrants or units reflected in the foregoing table.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We have also granted the underwriter
five-year warrants to purchase up to 7.5% of shares included in the Units and the over-allotment option at an exercise price of 125% of
the offering price per Common Unit.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The following table provides information
regarding the amount of the discount to be paid to the underwriter by us, before expenses (these amounts are shown assuming both no exercise
and full exercise of the underwriter&rsquo;s over-allotment option in the offering):</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Per Unit</b></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Total Without</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Exercise of</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Underwriter&rsquo;s</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Option</b></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Total With</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Full Exercise</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>of Underwriter&rsquo;s</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Option</b></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 46%">Public offering price</td><td style="width: 2%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 14%; text-align: right"></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="width: 2%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 14%; text-align: right"></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="width: 2%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 14%; text-align: right"></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Underwriting discount (9.0%)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">$</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">$</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">$</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Non-accountable expense allowance (1.0%)<sup>(1)</sup></font></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">Proceeds to us (before expenses)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(1) We have agreed to pay a non-accountable expense
allowance to Spartan equal to 1.0% of the gross proceeds received in this offering. We have also agreed to reimburse Spartan for up to
$125,000 of out-of-pocket fees and expenses, including, but not limited to, legal fees and disbursements for the underwriter&rsquo;s counsel.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">From time to time, Spartan or
its affiliates have in the past or may in the future engage in investment banking and/or other services with us and our affiliates for
which it has received or may in the future receive customary fees and expenses.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Lock-Up Agreements</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our directors , executive officers
and 10% stockholders have agreed that, for a period of one hundred eighty (180) days from the closing date of the offering, subject to
certain limited exceptions, they will not directly or indirectly, without the prior written consent of Spartan, (a) offer, sell, or otherwise
transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of capital stock of the Company or any securities convertible into or exercisable
or exchangeable for shares of capital stock of the Company; or (b) file or caused to be filed any registration statement with the Commission
relating to the offering of any shares of capital stock of the Company or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable
for shares of capital stock of the Company.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our directors, executive officers
and 10% stockholders have agreed not to offer, sell, dispose of or hedge any shares of our common stock, subject to specified limited
exceptions, for a period of ninety (90) days after the date of this offering.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Spartan, in its sole discretion,
may release the common stock and other securities subject to the lock-up agreements described above in whole or in part at any time. When
determining whether or not to release common stock and other securities from lock-up agreements, Spartan will consider, among other factors,
the holder&rsquo;s reasons for requesting the release, the number of shares of common stock and other securities for which the release
is being requested and market conditions at the time.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Company Standstill</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&nbsp;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We have agreed, for a period of
sixty (60) days after the closing date of the offering (the &ldquo;Standstill Period&rdquo;), that without the prior written consent of
Spartan, we will not (a) offer, sell, issue, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any equity of our Company or
any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for equity of our Company; (b) file or caused to be filed any registration
statement with the Commission relating to the offering of any equity of our Company or any securities convertible into or exercisable
or exchangeable for equity of our Company; or (c) enter into any agreement or announce the intention to effect any of the actions described
in subsections (a) or (b) hereof (all of such matters, the &ldquo;Standstill Restrictions&rdquo;). So long as none of such equity securities
shall be saleable in the public market until the expiration of the Standstill Period, the following matters shall not be prohibited by
the Standstill Restrictions: (i) the adoption of an equity incentive plan and the grant of awards or equity pursuant to any equity incentive
plan, and the filing of a registration statement on Form S-8; and (ii) securities issued pursuant to acquisitions or strategic transactions
approved by a majority of the disinterested directors of our Company, provided that such securities are issued as &ldquo;restricted securities&rdquo;
(as defined in Rule 144) and carry no registration rights that require or permit the filing of any registration statement in connection
therewith during the Standstill Period, and provided that any such issuance shall only be to a person or entity (or to the equityholders
of an entity) which is, itself or through its subsidiaries, an operating company or an owner of an asset in a business synergistic with
the business of our Company and shall provide to our Company additional benefits in addition to the investment of funds, but shall not
include a transaction in which our Company is issuing securities primarily for the purpose of raising capital or to an entity whose primary
business is investing in securities. In no event should any equity transaction during the Standstill Period result in the sale of equity
at an offering price to the public less than that of this offering.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Underwriter&rsquo;s Warrants </b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&nbsp;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">As additional compensation to
Spartans, upon consummation of the offering, we will issue to Spartan or its designees warrants to purchase an aggregate number of shares
of common stock equal to 7.5% of the number of Units issued in the offering, at an exercise price per share equal to 125.0% of the public
offering price (the &ldquo;Underwriter Warrants&rdquo;). The Underwriter Warrants and the underlying shares of common stock will not be
sold, transferred, assigned, pledged, or hypothecated, or be the subject of any hedging, short sale, derivative, put, or call transaction
that would result in the effective economic disposition of the Underwriter Warrants by any person for a period of one hundred eighty (180)
Calendar Days beginning on the date of commencement of sales of the offering in compliance with FINRA Rule 5110(e)(1).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Underwriter Warrants will
be exercisable from the date that is six months from the commencement of the sales of the offering, and will expire five (5) years from
the commencement of sales of the offering in compliance with FINRA Rule 5110(g)(8)(A). In addition, such Underwriter Warrants shall be
exercisable on a cash basis, provided that if a registration statement registering the Common Stock underlying the Underwriter&rsquo;s
Warrants is not effective, the Underwriter&rsquo;s Warrants may be exercised on a cashless basis. Furthermore, (i) the Underwriter Warrants
do not have more than one demand registration right at our Company&rsquo;s expense in compliance with FINRA Rule 5110(g)(8)(B); (ii) the
Underwriter Warrants do not have a demand registration right with a duration of more than five years from the commencement of sales of
the public offering in compliance with FINRA Rule 5110(g)(8)(C); (iii) the Underwriter Warrants do not have piggyback registration rights
with a duration of more than seven years from the commencement of sales of the public offering in compliance with FINRA Rule 5110(g)(8)(D);
and (iv) the Underwriter Warrants have anti-dilution terms that are consistent with FINRA Rule 5110(g)(8)(E) and (F).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&nbsp;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Right of First Refusal</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&nbsp;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">During the Right of First Refusal
Period and subject to any Senior Right of First Refusal (as defined below), if we or any of our subsidiaries (a) decides to dispose of
or acquire business units or acquire any of its outstanding securities or make any exchange or tender offer or enter into a merger, consolidation
or other business combination or any recapitalization, reorganization, restructuring or other similar transaction, including, without
limitation, an extraordinary dividend or distributions or a spin-off or split-off, and the Company decides to retain a financial advisor
for such transaction, Spartan (or any affiliate designated by Spartan) shall have the right to act as the Company&rsquo;s exclusive financial
advisor for any such transaction; or (b) decides to finance or refinance any indebtedness, Spartan (or any affiliate designated by Spartan)
shall have the right to act as sole book-runner, sole manager, sole placement agent or sole agent with respect to such financing or refinancing;
or (b) decides to raise funds by means of a public offering (including at-the-market facility) or a private placement or any other capital
raising financing of equity, equity-linked or debt securities, Spartan (or any affiliate designated by Spartan) shall have the right to
act as sole book-running manager, sole underwriter or sole placement agent for such financing. If Spartan or one of its affiliates decides
to accept any such engagement, the agreement governing such engagement will contain, among other things, provisions for customary fees
and terms for transactions of similar size and nature, including indemnification, which are appropriate to such a transaction. The Right
of First Refusal Period shall be the period beginning on the date hereof and ending on the date that is the earlier of (i) six (6) months
after the expiration or earlier termination of any senior right of first refusal (&ldquo;Senior Right of First Refusal&rdquo;) existing
on the date hereof with respect to any transactions described in (a) &ndash; (c) above, or (ii) the date that is the three (3) year anniversary
of the commencement of sales in the Offering.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Notwithstanding the foregoing,
the decision to accept our engagement shall be made by Spartan or one of its affiliates, by a written notice to us, within ten (10) Business
Days after the receipt of our notification of financing needs, including a detailed term sheet. Spartan&rsquo;s determination of whether
in any case to exercise its right of first refusal will be strictly limited to the terms on such term sheet, and any waiver of such right
of first refusal shall apply only to such specific terms. If Spartan waives its right of first refusal, any deviation from such terms
shall void the waiver and require us to seek a new waiver from the right of first refusal.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&nbsp;</b></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><b>&nbsp;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Tail Financing</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Spartan shall be entitled to compensation
with respect to any public or private offering or other financing or capital raising transaction of any kind to the extent that such financing
or capital is provided to us by funds whom Spartan had contacted during the engagement period or introduced to us during the engagement
period, if such tail financing is consummated at any time within the 12 month period following the closing of the offering or the expiration
or termination of the letter of engagement between Spartan and us dated April 23, 2025, as may be amended from time to time.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Stabilization</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In accordance with Regulation
M under the Exchange Act, the underwriter may engage in activities that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of our common
stock, including short sales and purchases to cover positions created by short positions, stabilizing transactions, syndicate covering
transactions, penalty bids and passive market making.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#9679; Short
positions involve sales by the underwriter of shares of common stock in excess of the number of shares the underwriter is obligated
to purchase, which creates a syndicate short position. The short position may be either a covered short position or a naked short
position. In a covered short position, the number of shares involved in the sales made by the underwriter in excess of the number of
shares they are obligated to purchase is not greater than the number of shares that they may purchase by exercising their option to
purchase additional shares. In a naked short position, the number of shares involved is greater than the number of shares in their
option to purchase additional shares. The underwriter may close out any short position by either exercising their option to purchase
additional shares or purchasing shares in the open market.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#9679;
Stabilizing transactions permit bids to purchase the underlying security as long as the stabilizing bids do not exceed a specific
maximum price.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#9679;
Syndicate covering transactions involve purchases of our shares of common stock in the open market after the distribution has been
completed to cover syndicate short positions. In determining the source of shares to close out the short position, the underwriter
will consider, among other things, the price of shares available for purchase in the open market as compared to the price at which
they may purchase shares through the underwriter&rsquo;s option to purchase additional shares. If the underwriter sells more shares
than could be covered by the underwriter&rsquo;s option to purchase additional shares, thereby creating a naked short position, the
position can only be closed out by buying shares in the open market. A naked short position is more likely to be created if the
underwriter is concerned that there could be downward pressure on the price of the shares in the open market after pricing that
could adversely affect investors who purchase in the offering.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#9679; Penalty
bids permit the representative to reclaim a selling concession from a syndicate member when the shares of Common Stock originally
sold by the syndicate member is purchased in a stabilizing or syndicate covering transaction to cover syndicate short positions.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#9679; In
passive market making, market makers in our common stock who are underwriters or prospective underwriters may, subject to
limitations, make bids for or purchase our common stock until the time, if any, at which a stabilizing bid is made.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">These activities may have the
effect of raising or maintaining the market price of our common stock or preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of our
Common Stock. As a result of these activities, the price of our common stock may be higher than the price that might otherwise exist in
the open market. These transactions may be effected on NASDAQ or otherwise and, if commenced, may be discontinued at any time.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Neither we nor the underwriter
makes any representation or prediction as to the direction or magnitude of any effect that the transactions described above may have on
the price of our Common stock. In addition, neither we nor the underwriter makes any representation that Spartan will engage in these
stabilizing transactions or that any transaction, once commenced, will not be discontinued without notice.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Discretionary Accounts</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&nbsp;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The underwriter has informed us
that they do not expect to make sales to accounts over which they exercise discretionary authority in excess of five percent (5%) of the
securities being offered in this offering.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Other Relationships </b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&nbsp;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The underwriter is a full service
financial institution engaged in various activities, which may include sales and trading, commercial and investment banking, advisory,
investment management, investment research, principal investment, hedging, market making, brokerage and other financial and non-financial
activities and services. The underwriter may in the future provide various investment banking, commercial banking and other financial
services for us and our affiliates for which they may in the future receive customary fees.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In the ordinary course of its
business activities, the underwriter and its affiliates, officers, directors and employees may purchase, sell or hold a broad array of
investments and actively traded securities, derivatives, loans, commodities, currencies, credit default swaps and other financial instruments
for their own account and for the accounts of their customers, and such investment and trading activities may involve or relate to assets,
securities and/or instruments of the issuer (directly, as collateral securing other obligation or otherwise) publish or express independent
research views in respect of such assets, securities or instruments and may at any time hold, or recommend to clients that they should
acquire, long and/or short positions in such assets, securities and instruments.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Electronic Offer, Sale and Distribution of Shares</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&nbsp;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">A prospectus in electronic format
may be made available on the websites maintained by the underwriter, if any, participating in this offering and the underwriter participating
in this offering may distribute prospectuses electronically. The underwriter may agree to allocate a number of Common Units and Pre-funded
Units for sale to its online brokerage account holders. Internet distributions will be allocated by the underwriter that will make internet
distributions on the same basis as other allocations. Other than the prospectus in electronic format, the information on these websites
is not part of, nor incorporated by reference into, this prospectus or the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part,
has not been approved or endorsed by us or the underwriter in its capacity as underwriter, and should not be relied upon by investors.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Offer Restrictions Outside the United States</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&nbsp;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Other than in the United States,
no action has been taken by us or the underwriter that would permit a public offering of the securities offered by this prospectus in
any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required. The securities offered by this prospectus may not be offered or sold, directly
or indirectly, nor may this prospectus or any other offering material or advertisements in connection with the offer and sale of any such
securities be distributed or published in any jurisdiction, except under circumstances that will result in compliance with the applicable
rules and regulations of that jurisdiction. Persons who come into possession of this prospectus are advised to inform themselves about
and to observe any restrictions relating to the offering and the distribution of this prospectus. This prospectus does not constitute
an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any securities offered by this prospectus in any jurisdiction in which such an offer
or a solicitation is unlawful.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Indemnification</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We have agreed to indemnify the
underwriter against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Rules of the Securities and Exchange
Commission may limit the ability of the underwriter to bid for or purchase shares before the distribution of the shares is completed.
However, the underwriter may engage in the following activities in accordance with the rules:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#9679; Stabilizing transactions
The underwriter may make bids or purchases for the purpose of pegging, fixing or maintaining the price of the shares, so long as stabilizing
bids do not exceed a specified maximum.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#9679; Over-allotments and syndicate
covering transactions. The underwriter may sell more shares of our common stock in connection with this offering than the number of shares
that they have committed to purchase. This over-allotment creates a short position for the underwriter. This short sales position may
involve either &ldquo;covered&rdquo; short sales or &ldquo;naked&rdquo; short sales. Covered short sales are short sales made in an amount
not greater than the underwriter&rsquo;s over-allotment option to purchase additional shares in this offering described above. The underwriter
may close out any covered short position either by exercising their over-allotment option or by purchasing shares in the open market.
To determine how they will close the covered short position, the underwriter will consider, among other things, the price of shares available
for purchase in the open market, as compared to the price at which they may purchase shares through the over-allotment option. Naked short
sales are short sales in excess of the over-allotment option. The underwriter must close out any naked short position by purchasing shares
in the open market. A naked short position is more likely to be created if the underwriter is concerned that, in the open market after
pricing, there may be downward pressure on the price of the shares that could adversely affect investors who purchase shares in this offering.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#9679; Penalty bids &mdash; If
the representative purchases shares in the open market in a stabilizing transaction or syndicate covering transaction, it may reclaim
a selling concession from the underwriter and selling group members who sold those shares as part of this offering.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#9679; Passive market making
&mdash; Market makers in the shares who is the underwriter may make bids for or purchases of shares, subject to limitations, until the
time, if ever, at which a stabilizing bid is made.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Similar to other purchase transactions,
the underwriter&rsquo;s purchases to cover the syndicate short sales or to stabilize the market price of our common stock may have the
effect of raising or maintaining the market price of our common stock or preventing or mitigating a decline in the market price of our
common stock. As a result, the price of the shares of our common stock may be higher than the price that might otherwise exist in the
open market. The imposition of a penalty bid might also have an effect on the price of the shares if it discourages resales of the shares.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Neither we nor the underwriter
make any representation or prediction as to the effect that the transactions described above may have on the price of the shares. These
transactions may occur on the Nasdaq Capital Market or otherwise. If such transactions are commenced, they may be discontinued without
notice at any time.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Electronic Delivery of Preliminary
Prospectus: A preliminary prospectus in electronic format may be delivered to potential investors by one or more of the underwriters participating
in this offering. The preliminary prospectus supplement in electronic format will be identical to the paper version of such preliminary
prospectus. Other than the preliminary prospectus in electronic format, the information on any underwriter&rsquo;s website and any information
contained in any other website maintained by an underwriter is not part of this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus or
the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The underwriter and its affiliates
may provide from time to time in the future certain commercial banking, financial advisory, investment banking and other services for
us and our affiliates in the ordinary course of their business, for which they may receive customary fees and commissions. In addition,
from time to time, the underwriter and their affiliates may effect transactions for their own account or the accounts of customers, and
hold on behalf of itself or its customers, long or short positions in our debt or equity securities or loans, and may do so in the future.
Spartan may release, or authorize us to release, as the case may be, the common stock and other securities subject to the lock-up agreements
described above in whole or in part at any time with or without notice.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><b>Listing</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our common stock is currently
listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol &ldquo;LIXT&rdquo;. The warrants issued in our November 2020 public offering are
currently listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol &ldquo;LIXTW&rdquo;.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><b>Transfer Agent and Registrar</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The transfer agent and registrar
for our common stock and the warrants issued in our November 2020 public offering is Computershare Trust Company, N.A.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b><a name="a_011"></a>LEGAL MATTERS</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The validity of the securities
offered by this prospectus will be passed upon by TroyGould PC, Los Angeles, California. Kaufman &amp; Canoles, Richmond, Virginia is
acting as counsel to the Underwriter.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b><a name="a_012"></a>EXPERTS</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Weinberg &amp; Company, P.A.,
our independent, registered public accounting firm, has audited our consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2024 and 2023
and for the years then ended included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, which is incorporated
by reference into this prospectus and elsewhere in the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. Our financial statements
are incorporated by reference in reliance on Weinberg &amp; Company P.A.&rsquo;s report, which includes an explanatory paragraph regarding
substantial doubt about the Company&rsquo;s ability to continue as a going concern, given on their authority as experts in accounting
and auditing.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b><a name="a_013"></a>INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The SEC allows us to incorporate
by reference into this prospectus certain information we file with it, which means that we can disclose important information by referring
you to those documents. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus. Because we are incorporating
by reference future filings with the SEC, this prospectus is continually updated and those future filings may modify or supersede some
of the information included or incorporated in this prospectus. We incorporate by reference the documents listed below and all documents
subsequently filed with the SEC (excluding any portions of any Form 8-K that are not deemed &ldquo;filed&rdquo; pursuant to the General
Instructions of Form 8-K) pursuant to Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, after the date of this prospectus and prior
to the date this offering is terminated or we issue all of the securities under this prospectus:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">our Annual Report on <a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1335105/000164117225000208/form10-k.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form 10-K</a> for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on March 24, 2025;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on <a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1335105/000149315225001069/form8-k.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">January 6, 2025,</a> <a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1335105/000149315225006285/form8-k.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">February 13, 2025,</a> <a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1335105/000149315225007865/form8-k.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">February 21, 2025,</a> <a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1335105/000149315225008203/form8-k.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">February 25, 2025,</a> <a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1335105/000149315225009782/form8-k.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">March 11, 2025,</a> <a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1335105/000149315225009786/form8-k.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">March 11, 2025,</a> <a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1335105/000149315225010282/form8-k.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">March 14, 2025,</a> <a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1335105/000164117225000971/form8-k.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">March 27, 2025,</a> <a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1335105/000164117225001763/form8-k.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">March 31, 2025,</a> and <a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1335105/000164117225005466/form8-k.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">April 18, 2025;</a> and</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">the description of our common stock contained in the registration statement on <a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1335105/000149315220021857/form8-a12b.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form 8-A,</a> filed with the SEC on November 17, 2020, and any amendment or report filed for the purpose of updating such description (including <a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1335105/000149315220004697/ex4-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Exhibit 4.1</a> to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023).</font></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">To obtain copies of these filings,
see &ldquo;Where You Can Find More Information&rdquo; in this prospectus. Nothing in this prospectus shall be deemed to incorporate information
furnished, but not filed, with the SEC, including pursuant to Item 2.02 or Item 7.01 of Form 8-K and any corresponding information or
exhibit furnished under Item 9.01 of Form 8-K.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Information in this prospectus
supersedes related information in the documents listed above and information in subsequently filed documents supersedes related information
in both this prospectus and the incorporated documents.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b><a name="a_014"></a>WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We are subject to the periodic
reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, and we will file periodic reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. These
periodic reports, proxy statements and other information are available at www.sec.gov. We maintain a website at https://lixte.com. We
have not incorporated by reference into this prospectus the information contained in, or that can be accessed through, our website, and
you should not consider it to be a part of this prospectus. You may access our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form
10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange
Act with the SEC free of charge at our website as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with, or
furnished to, the SEC. You may also request a copy of these filings (other than exhibits to these documents unless the exhibits are specifically
incorporated by reference into these documents or referred to in this prospectus), at no cost, by writing us at 680 East Colorado Boulevard,
Suite 180, Pasadena, California 91101 or contacting us at (631) 830-7092.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We have filed with
the SEC a registration statement under the Securities Act relating to the offering of these securities. The registration statement, including
the attached exhibits, contains additional relevant information about us and the securities. This prospectus does not contain all of
the information set forth in the registration statement. You may review a copy of the registration statement and the documents incorporated
by reference herein through the SEC&rsquo;s website at www.sec.gov.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"></p>


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<p style="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&nbsp;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>LIXTE BIOTECHNOLOGY HOLDINGS, INC.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>PROSPECTUS</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">May &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;, 2025</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"></p>

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    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="text-align: center; width: 100%">&nbsp;</td></tr></table></div>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>PART II</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Item 13. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The following table sets forth
the various expenses, all of which will be borne by the registrant, in connection with the sale and distribution of the securities being
registered, other than the underwriter fees. All amounts shown are estimates except for the SEC registration fee and the FINRA filing
fee.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">SEC registration fee</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">&mdash;</td><td style="text-align: left">*</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">FINRA fees</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&mdash;</td><td style="text-align: left">*</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 80%; text-align: left">Transfer agent and registrar fees</td><td style="width: 2%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right">10,000.00</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Accounting fees and expenses</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">40,000.00</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Legal fees and expenses</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">75,000.00</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Underwriter&rsquo;s expense allowance</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">125,000.00</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">Miscellaneous</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">30,000.00</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">280,000.00</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">*To be filed by amendment.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Item 14. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 102(b)(7) of the Delaware
General Corporation Law (&ldquo;DGCL&rdquo;) provides that a Delaware corporation, in its certificate of incorporation, may limit the
personal liability of a director to the corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duties as a director,
except for liability for any:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">act or omission not in good faith or that involved intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">unlawful payment of dividends or redemption of shares; or</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">breach of the director&rsquo;s duty of loyalty to the corporation or its stockholders.</font></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Under Section 145 of the DGCL,
we can indemnify our directors and officers against liabilities they may incur in such capacities, including liabilities under the Securities
Act of 1933, as amended (the &ldquo;Securities Act&rdquo;). Our certificate of incorporation (Exhibit 3.1 to this registration statement)
provides that we must indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by law and requires us to pay expenses incurred
in defending or other participating in any proceeding in advance of its final disposition upon our receipt of an undertaking by the director
or officer to repay such advances if it is ultimately determined that the director or officer is not entitled to indemnification. Our
certificate of incorporation further provides that rights conferred under such certificate of incorporation do not exclude any other right
such persons may have or acquire under the certificate of incorporation, the bylaws, any statute, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested
directors or otherwise.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The certificate of incorporation
also provides that, pursuant to Delaware law, our directors shall not be liable for monetary damages for breach of the directors&rsquo;
fiduciary duty of care to us and our stockholders. This provision in the certificate of incorporation does not eliminate the duty of care,
and in appropriate circumstances equitable remedies such as injunctive or other forms of non-monetary relief will remain available under
Delaware law. In addition, each director will continue to be subject to liability for breach of the director&rsquo;s duty of loyalty to
us for acts or omissions not in good faith or involving intentional misconduct, or knowing violations of law, for actions leading to improper
personal benefit to the director, and for payment of dividends or approval of stock repurchases or redemptions that are unlawful under
Delaware law. The provision also does not affect a director&rsquo;s responsibilities under any other law, such as the federal securities
laws or state or federal environmental laws. We also intend to obtain directors&rsquo; and officers&rsquo; liability insurance pursuant
to which our directors and officers are insured against liability for actions taken in their capacities as directors and officers.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In addition, we have entered into
agreements to indemnify our directors and certain of our officers in addition to the indemnification provided for in the certificate of
incorporation. These agreements, among other things, indemnify our directors and some of our officers for certain expenses (including
attorney&rsquo;s fees), judgments, fines and settlement amounts incurred by such person in any action or proceeding, including any action
by or in our right, on account of services by that person as a director or officer of our company or as a director or officer of our subsidiary,
or as a director or officer of any other company or enterprise that the person provides services to at our request.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><b>Item 15. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The information below lists all
of the securities sold by us during the past three years which were not registered under the Securities Act: None.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><b>Item 16. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">A list of exhibits to this registration
statement is set forth in the Index to Exhibits as presented below.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>INDEX TO EXHIBITS</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.75in"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Exhibit<br />
Number</b></font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.1in"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Description of Document</b></font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">1.1</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Form of Underwriting Agreement**</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">2.1</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1335105/000114420406027818/v047035_ex2-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Share Exchange Agreement dated as of June 8, 2006 among the Company, John S. Kovach and Lixte Biotechnology, Inc., filed as Exhibit 2.1 to the Company&rsquo;s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 7, 2006 and incorporated herein by reference.</a></font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">3.1</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1335105/000114420405023652/v022460_ex3-1.txt" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Certificate of Incorporation, as filed with the Delaware Secretary of State on May 24, 2005, filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company&rsquo;s Registration Statement on Form 10-SB, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 3, 2005 and incorporated herein by reference.</a></font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">3.2</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1335105/000114420406039012/v053105_pre14c.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation, filed as Appendix A to the Company&rsquo;s Information Statement, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 19, 2006 and incorporated herein by reference.</a></font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">3.3</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1335105/000149315215000869/ex4-01.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Certificate of Designations for the Company&rsquo;s Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, filed as Exhibit 4.01 to the Company&rsquo;s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 18, 2015 and incorporated herein by reference.</a></font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">3.4</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1335105/000149315216008321/ex3-4.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Designations of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, filed as Exhibit 3.4 to the Company&rsquo;s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 28, 2016 and incorporated herein by reference.</a></font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">3.5</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1335105/000149315222031348/ex3-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Amended and Restated Bylaws, filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company&rsquo;s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 10, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.</a></font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">3.6</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1335105/000149315220022628/ex3-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation, filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company&rsquo;s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 27, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference.</a></font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">3.7</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1335105/000149315223020163/ex3-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of Lixte Biotechnology Holdings, Inc., filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company&rsquo;s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 6, 2023 and incorporated herein by reference.</a></font></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>


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    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">4.1</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1335105/000149315220004697/ex4-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Description of Registrant&rsquo;s Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Company&rsquo;s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 25, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference.</a></font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">4.2</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1335105/000149315220022628/ex4-2.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form of Public Common Warrant included in Unit, filed as Exhibit 4.2 to the Company&rsquo;s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 27, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference.</a></font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">4.3</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1335105/000149315223025013/ex4-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form of Common Stock Purchase Common Warrant, filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Company&rsquo;s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 20, 2023 and incorporated herein by reference.</a></font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><font style="font-size: 10pt">4.4</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 0.1in; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1335105/000149315223025013/ex4-3.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form of Placement Agent Common Warrant, filed as Exhibit 4.3 to the Company&rsquo;s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 20, 2023 and incorporated herein by reference.</a></font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">4.5</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1335105/000149315225006285/ex4-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form of Common Stock Purchase Warrant, filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Company&rsquo;s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 13, 2025 and incorporated herein by reference.</a></font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">4.6</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1335105/000149315225006285/ex4-2.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form of Placement Agent Warrant, filed as Exhibit 4.2 to the Company&rsquo;s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 13, 2025 and incorporated herein by reference.</a></font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">5.1</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Opinion of TroyGould PC**</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">10.1</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1335105/000114420413015451/v336103_ex10-15.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Master Agreement between Lixte Biotechnology Holdings, Inc. and Theradex Systems, Inc. dated January 12, 2010, filed as Exhibit 10.15 to the Company&rsquo;s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 15, 2013 and incorporated herein by reference.</a></font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">10.2</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1335105/000114420414017092/v369493_ex10-16.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Materials Cooperative Research and Development Agreement between Lixte Biotechnology Holdings, Inc. and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke dated October 18, 2013, filed as Exhibit 10.16 to the Company&rsquo;s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 21, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference.</a></font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">10.3</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1335105/000149315215004422/ex10-01.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Collaboration Agreement between Lixte Biotechnology Holdings, Inc. and BioPharmaWorks LLC effective September 14, 2015, filed as Exhibit 10.01 to the Company&rsquo;s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 18, 2015 and incorporated herein by reference.</a></font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">10.4</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1335105/000149315219011717/ex10-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Collaboration Agreement for an Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trial between Lixte Biotechnology Holdings, Inc. and the Spanish Sarcoma Group as of July 31, 2019 (certain portions of this exhibit have been omitted based on a request for confidential treatment filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission that was granted on September 19, 2019), filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company&rsquo;s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 6, 2019 and incorporated herein by reference.</a></font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">10.5</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1335105/000149315220016207/ex10-02.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Employment Agreement Between the Company and Robert N. Weingarten, filed as Exhibit 10.02 to the Company&rsquo;s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 18, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference.+</a></font></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">10.6</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1335105/000149315220013560/ex10-2.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Employment Agreement Between the Company and Eric Forman, filed as Exhibit 10.02 to the Company&rsquo;s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 17, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference.+</a></font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">10.7</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1335105/000149315221006882/ex10-21.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Amendment to Employment Agreement between the Company and Eric Forman, filed as Exhibit 10.21 to the Company&rsquo;s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 26, 2021.+</a></font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">10.8</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1335105/000149315223009386/ex10-15.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Second Amendment to Employment Agreement between the Company and Eric Forman, filed as Exhibit 10.15 to the Company&rsquo;s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 29, 2023 and incorporated herein by reference.+</a></font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">10.9</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1335105/000149315220013545/ex10-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Lixte Biotechnology Holdings, Inc. 2020 Stock Incentive Plan, filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 17, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference.+</a></font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">10.10</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1335105/000149315223042954/ex10-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Lixte Biotechnology Holdings, Inc. 2020 Stock Incentive Plan (as amended), filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company&rsquo;s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 28, 2023 and incorporated herein by reference.+</a></font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><font style="font-size: 10pt">10.11</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 0.1in; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1335105/000149315221027755/ex10-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Development Collaboration Agreement by and between Lixte Biotechnology Holdings, Inc. and the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, and Oncode Institute, Utrecht, entered into on October 8, 2021 (certain portions of this Exhibit have been omitted), filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company&rsquo;s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2021, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 10, 2021 and incorporated herein by reference.</a></font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">10.12</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1335105/000149315223009386/ex10-21.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Insider Trading Policy, filed as Exhibit 10.21 to the Company&rsquo;s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 29, 2023 and incorporated herein by reference.</a></font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">10.13</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1335105/000149315224010427/ex10-16.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Compensation Clawback Policy, filed as Exhibit 10.16 to the Company&rsquo;s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 19, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference.+</a></font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">10.14</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1335105/000149315223016069/ex10-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Amendment to Contract between Lixte Biotechnology Holdings, Inc. and MRI Global effective April 17, 2022, filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company&rsquo;s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 10, 2023 and incorporated herein by reference.</a></font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">10.15</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1335105/000149315223025013/ex10-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Securities Purchase Agreement, filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company&rsquo;s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 20, 2023 and incorporated herein by reference.</a></font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">10.16</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1335105/000149315223033825/ex10-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Employment Agreement between the Company and Bastiaan van der Baan effective September 26, 2023, filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company&rsquo;s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 27, 2023 and incorporated herein by reference.</a></font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">10.17</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1335105/000149315223040115/ex10-3.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Amendment No. 1 to Development Collaboration Agreement by and between Lixte Biotechnology Holdings, Inc. and the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, and the Oncode Institute, Utrecht, entered into on October 8, 2021, filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the Company&rsquo;s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 9, 2023 and incorporated herein by reference.</a></font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">10.18</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1335105/000149315223037533/ex10-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Amendment No. 2 to Development Collaboration Agreement by and between Lixte Biotechnology Holdings, Inc. and the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, and the Oncode Institute, Utrecht, entered into on October 13, 2023 (certain portions of this Exhibit have been omitted), filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company&rsquo;s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 17, 2023 and incorporated herein by reference.</a></font></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">10.19</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1335105/000149315223040115/ex10-5.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Termination letter between H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Inc. and the Company dated October 4, 2023 and effective as of September 30, 2023, filed as Exhibit 10.5 to the Company&rsquo;s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 9, 2023 and incorporated herein by reference.</a></font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">10.20</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1335105/000149315224007784/ex10-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Exclusive Patent License Agreement between Lixte Biotechnology, Inc. and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and the National Cancer Institute, each a component of the National Institute of Health, effective as of February 23, 2024, filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company&rsquo;s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 26, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference.</a></font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">10.21</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1335105/000149315224022709/ex10-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Consulting Agreement between the Company and Dr. Jan Schellens dated as of May 31, 2024, filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company&rsquo;s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 5, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference.+</a></font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><font style="font-size: 10pt">10.22</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 0.1in; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1335105/000149315224023798/ex10-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Clinical Trial Agreement between the Company and the Netherlands Cancer Institute dated as of June 10, 2024, filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company&rsquo;s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 14, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference.</a></font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">10.23</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1335105/000149315225006285/ex10-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Securities Purchase Agreement filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company&rsquo;s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 13, 2025 and incorporated herein by reference.</a></font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">10.24</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Form of Registered Common Warrant to Purchase Common Stock**</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">10.25</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Form of Registered Pre-Funded Warrant to Purchase Common Stock**</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">10.26</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Form of Lock-Up Agreement**</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">10.27</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Form of Underwriter Warrant to Purchase Common Stock**</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">21.1</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1335105/000149315223009386/ex21-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Subsidiaries of the Registrant, filed as Exhibit 21.1 to the Company&rsquo;s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 29, 2023 and incorporated herein by reference.</a></font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">23.1</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Consent of Weinberg &amp; Company, P.A., Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm**</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">23.2</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Consent of TroyGould PC (included in Exhibit 5.1)</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">24.1</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="#p_001">Power of Attorney (included on the signature line)*</a></font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">107</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Filing
    Fee Table** </font></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 10pt">*</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Filed herewith.</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">**</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">To be filed by amendment. </font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">+</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Indicates a management contract or any compensatory plan, contract or arrangement.</font></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><b>Item 17. Undertakings.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">(a)(1)</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:</font></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.75in; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">(i)</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">To include any prospectus required by section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">(ii)</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the &ldquo;Calculation of Registration Fee&rdquo; table in the effective registration statement; and</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">(iii)</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;</font></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">provided, however, that the undertakings set forth
in paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (a)(1)(ii) and (a)(1)(iii) above do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective
amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the SEC by the registrant pursuant to section 13 or section
15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in this registration statement or are contained in a form
of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of this registration statement.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">(2)</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">That, for the purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">(3)</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">(4)</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">That in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:</font></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.75in; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">(i)</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">(ii)</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">(iii)</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">(iv)</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.</font></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">(b)</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that, for the purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the registrant&rsquo;s annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan&rsquo;s annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">(c)</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">(d)</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">That,</font></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.75in; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">(1)</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective.</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">(2)</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 10pt">For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.</font></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>SIGNATURES</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Pursuant to the requirements of
the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned,
thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Pasadena, State of California, on May 2, 2025.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Lixte Biotechnology Holdings, Inc.</b></font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 45%"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">By: </font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><i>/s/ Bastiaan van der Baan</i></font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Name: </font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Bastiaan van der Baan</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Title: </font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">President and Chief Executive Officer</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">(Principal Executive Officer)</font></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b><a name="p_001"></a>POWER OF ATTORNEY</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Each person whose signature appears
below appoints Bastiaan van der Baan and Robert Weingarten, and each of them, each of whom may act without the joinder of the other, as
their true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution for them and in their name, place
and stead, in any and all capacities to sign any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this registration statement
(and to any registration statement filed pursuant to Rule 462 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended), and to file the same, with
all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact
and agents full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully to all
intents and purposes as they might or would do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents or
any of them or their substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Pursuant to the requirements of
the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 28%"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Signature</b></font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Title(s)</b></font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 18%"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Date</b></font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><i>/s/ Bastiaan van der Baan</i></font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">President and Chief Executive Officer, and Chairman of the Board of Directors</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">May 2, 2025</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: white">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Bastiaan van der Baan</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">(Principal Executive Officer)</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><i>/s/ Robert Weingarten</i></font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Vice President and Chief Financial Officer</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">May 2, 2025</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: white">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Robert Weingarten</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><font style="font-size: 10pt">(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><i>*</i></font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Director</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">May 2, 2025</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Stephen Forman</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><i>*</i></font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Director</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">May 2, 2025</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Yun Yen</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><i>*</i></font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Director</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">May 2, 2025</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Rene Bernards</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><i>*</i></font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Director</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">May 2, 2025</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Regina Brown</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">*By: <i>/s/ Robert Weingarten,</i> Attorney-in-Fact</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>


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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
