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Share-Based Compensation | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract] |
Share-Based Compensation | Share-Based Compensation 2018 Stock Plan On November 27, 2018, the Legacy Xos’ board of directors and stockholders adopted the 2018 Stock Plan. There are no shares available for issuance under the 2018 Stock Plan; however, the 2018 Stock Plan continues to govern the terms and conditions of the outstanding awards granted under the 2018 Stock Plan. Options As of March 31, 2023, there were 1,569,996 Options outstanding under the 2018 Stock Plan. The amount and terms of Option grants were determined by the board of directors of Legacy Xos. The Options granted under the 2018 Stock Plan generally expire within 10 years from the date of grant and generally vest over 4 years, at the rate of 25% on the first anniversary of the date of grant and ratably on a monthly basis over the remaining 36-month period thereafter based on continued service. Stock option activity during the three months ended March 31, 2023 consisted of the following:
| Options |  | Weighted Average Fair Value |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price |  | Weighted Average Remaining Years |  | Intrinsic Value
December 31, 2022 — Options outstanding | 1,572,451 |  |  | $ | 0.02 |  |  | $ | 0.02 |  |  | 7.14 |  | $ | 670,451 |
Granted | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Exercised | 1,647 |  |  | 0.02 |  |  | 0.02 |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited | 808 |  |  | 0.02 |  |  | 0.02 |  |  |  |  |
March 31, 2023 — Options outstanding | 1,569,996 |  |  | $ | 0.02 |  |  | $ | 0.02 |  |  | 6.90 |  | $ | 798,297 |
March 31, 2023 — Options vested and exercisable | 1,105,080 |  |  | $ | 0.02 |  |  | $ | 0.02 |  |  | 6.74 |  | $ | 562,066 |
Aggregate intrinsic value represents the difference between the exercise price of the options and the fair value of the Company’s common stock. The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were approxi mately $800 a nd $1,000, respectively. The Company estimates the fair value of options utilizing the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which is dependent upon several variables, including expected option term, expected volatility of the Company's share price over the expected term, expected risk-free rate and expected dividend yield rate. There were no option grants during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. 2021 Equity Incentive Plan On August 19, 2021 the Company’s stockholders approved the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2021 Equity Plan”), which was ratified by the Company’s board of directors on August 20, 2021. The 2021 Equity Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options (“ISOs”), within the meaning of Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) to employees, including employees of any parent or subsidiary, and for the grant of no statutory stock options (“NSOs”), stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, RSUs, performance awards and other forms of awards to employees, directors and consultants, including employees and consultants of Xos’ affiliates. As of March 31, 2023, there were 20,701,956 shares of Common Stock available for issuance under the 2021 Equity Plan. RSU activity during the three months ended March 31, 2023 consisted of the following:
| RSUs |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value |  | Weighted Average Fair Value
December 31, 2022 — RSUs outstanding | 10,308,272 |  |  | $ | 1.45 |  |  | $ | 4,565,534 |
Granted | 1,156,455 |  |  | $ | 0.83 |  |  | $ | 969,652 |
Vested | 1,590,991 |  |  | $ | 1.02 |  |  | $ | 1,089,668 |
Forfeited | 650,204 |  |  | $ | 1.21 |  |  | $ | 514,189 |
March 31, 2023 — RSUs outstanding | 9,223,532 |  |  | $ | 1.47 |  |  | $ | 4,842,354 |
The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense (including earn-out RSUs) in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss during the three months ended March 31, 2023, and 2022 totaling approximately $2.0 million and $1.4 million, respectively, which consisted of the following (in thousands):
|  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  | 2023 |  | 2022
Cost of goods sold |  | $ | 129 |  |  | $ | 29 |
Research and development |  | 501 |  |  | 261 |
Sales and marketing |  | 267 |  |  | 58 |
General and administrative |  | 1,115 |  |  | 1,043 |
Total stock-based compensation expense |  | $ | 2,012 |  |  | $ | 1,391 |
The unamortized stock-based compensation expense was $12.1 million as of March 31, 2023, and weighted average remaining amortization period as of March 31, 2023 was 2.53 years. The aggregate fair value of RSUs that vested was $1.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

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