10-K 1 trt10kjune302012.htm FORM 10-K

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
R ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2012
OR
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Transition Period from ___ to ___
Commission File Number 1-14523
TRIO-TECH INTERNATIONAL
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its Charter)

California |  | 95-2086631
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
16139 Wyandotte Street |  |
Van Nuys, California |  | 91406
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code)

Registrant's Telephone Number: 818-787-7000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

|  | Name of each exchange
Title of each class |  | On which registered
Common Stock, no par value |  | NYSE MKT

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes [ ] No [X]
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes [ ] No [X]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [ ]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes [X] No [ ]
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant’s knowledge, in a definitive proxy statement or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. [X]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large Accelerated Filer | [ ] | Accelerated Filer | [ ]
Non-Accelerated Filer | [ ] | Smaller Reporting Company | [X]

(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes [ ] No [X]
The aggregate market value of voting stock held by non-affiliates of Registrant, based upon the closing price of $2.39 for shares of the registrant’s Common Stock on December 31, 2011, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter as reported by the NYSE MKT, was approximately $4.2 million. In calculating such aggregate market value, shares of Common Stock held by each officer, director and holder of 5% or more of the outstanding Common Stock (including shares with respect to which a holder has the right to acquire beneficial ownership within 60 days) were excluded because such persons may be deemed to be affiliates. This determination of affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes.
The number of shares of Common Stock outstanding as of September 21, 2012 was 3,321,555.
Documents Incorporated by Reference
Part III of this Form 10-K incorporates by reference information from Registrant’s Proxy Statement for its 2012 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed with the Commission under Regulation 14A within 120 days of the end of the fiscal year covered by this Form 10-K.

TRIO-TECH INTERNATIONAL
INDEX

|  | Page
| Part I |
Item 1 | Business | 1
Item 1A | Risk factors | 6
Item 1B | Unresolved staff comments | 6
Item 2 | Properties | 6
Item 3 | Legal proceedings | 8
Item 4 | Mine safety disclosures | 8
| Part II |
Item 5 | Market for registrant’s common equity, related stockholder matters and issuer purchases of equity securities | 8
Item 6 | Selected financial data | 9
Item 7 | Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations | 9
Item 7A | Quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk | 25
Item 8 | Financial statements and supplementary data | 25
Item 9 | Changes in and disagreements with accountants on accounting and financial disclosure | 25
Item 9A | Controls and procedures | 25
Item 9B | Other information | 26
| Part III |
Item 10 | Directors, executive officers and corporate governance | 26
Item 11 | Executive compensation | 26
Item 12 | Security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management and related stockholder matters | 26
Item 13 | Certain relationships and related transactions, and director independence | 26
Item 14 | Principal accountant fees and services | 26
| Part IV |
Item 15 | Exhibits and financial statement schedules | 26
Exhibits |  |
Signatures |  |
| Report of independent registered public accounting firm | F-1
| Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2012 and 2011 | F-2
| Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended June 30, 2012 and 2011 | F-3
| Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the Years Ended June 30, 2012 and 2011 | F-4
| Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended June 30, 2012 and 2011 | F-5
| Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | F-6

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TRIO-TECH INTERNATIONAL
PART I
ITEM 1 – BUSINESS (IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PERCENTAGES AND SHARE AMOUNTS)
Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
The discussions of Trio-Tech International’s (the “Company”) business and activities set forth in this Form 10-K and in other past and future reports and announcements by the Company may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and assumptions regarding future activities and results of operations of the Company. In light of the “safe harbor” provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, the following factors, among others, could cause actual results to differ materially from those reflected in any forward-looking statements made by or on behalf of the Company: market acceptance of Company products and services; changing business conditions or technologies and volatility in the semiconductor industry, which could affect demand for the Company’s products and services; the impact of competition; problems with technology; product development schedules; delivery schedules; changes in military or commercial testing specifications which could affect the market for the Company’s products and services; difficulties in profitably integrating acquired businesses, if any, into the Company; risks associated with conducting business internationally and especially in Southeast Asia, including currency fluctuations and devaluation, currency restrictions, local laws and restrictions and possible social, political and economic instability; credit risks in the Chinese real estate industry; risks related with political and economic turmoil in Indonesia which could impact our fabrication services segment; changes in macroeconomic conditions and credit market conditions; and other economic, financial and regulatory factors beyond the Company’s control. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by the use of terminology such as “may,” “will,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “potential,” “believes,” “can impact,” “continue,” or the negative thereof or other comparable terminology.
Unless otherwise required by law, we undertake no obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent events, changed circumstances, or the occurrence of unanticipated events. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements.
General
Trio-Tech International was incorporated in 1958 under the laws of the State of California. As used herein, the term "Trio-Tech" or "Company” or “we” or “us” or “Registrant” includes Trio-Tech International and its subsidiaries unless the context otherwise indicates. Our mailing address and executive offices are located at 16139 Wyandotte Street, Van Nuys, California 91406, and our telephone number is (818) 787-7000.
We operate our business in five segments: manufacturing, testing services, distribution, real estate and fabrication services. Geographically, we operate in the U.S., Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, China and Indonesia. We operate six testing services facilities; one in the United States and five in Southeast Asia. We operate two manufacturing facilities: one is located in the United States and the other one is in Southeast Asia. Our distribution segment, the real estate segment and fabrication services operate primarily in Southeast Asia. Our major customers are concentrated in Southeast Asia and they are either semiconductor chip manufacturers or testing facilities that purchase testing equipment. For information relating to revenues, profit and loss and total assets for each of our segments, see Note 22 - Business Segments contained in our consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K.
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Company History (5 years)

2008 | Trio-Tech (Suzhou) achieved ISO 9001:2000 certification. Universal (Far East) Pte. Ltd. achieved ISO/IEC 17025:2005 accreditation under SAC-SINGLAS for the field of Calibration and Measurement. Universal (Far East) Pte. Ltd. achieved ISO 9001:2000 certification. Trio-Tech Singapore scaled down its facility in Singapore due to the loss of one of its major customers.
2009 | Trio-Tech Singapore, Trio-Tech Malaysia, Trio-Tech (Suzhou) and Trio-Tech (Bangkok) were re-certified to ISO 9001-2008 standards. Trio-Tech Singapore was recertified to ISP 14001:2004 standards. Trio-Tech Singapore established a subsidiary, SHI International Pte. Ltd. in Singapore.
2010 | SHI International Pte. Ltd. acquired 100% interest in PT SHI Indonesia, located in Indonesia. Trio-Tech Singapore achieved biz SAFE Level 3 workplace safety and health standard. Trio-Tech Singapore established a subsidiary, Trio-Tech (Tianjin) Co., Ltd. in China. Trio-Tech (Tianjin) Co., Ltd. achieved ISO 9001-2008 certification.
2011 | SHI International Pte. Ltd. achieved ISO 9001:2008 certification. Universal (Far East) Pte. Ltd. was recertified to ISO 9001:2008 standards. Trio-Tech (Tianjin) Co., Ltd. was certified for ISO/TS 16949:2009 standards.
2012 | Trio-Tech Tianjin acquired TS16949 certification.

Overall Business Strategies
Our core business is and historically has been in the semiconductor industry (testing services, manufacturing and distribution). Revenue from this industry accounted for 90.5% and 94.5% of our revenue for fiscal year 2012 and fiscal year 2011, respectively. The semiconductor industry has experienced periods of rapid growth, but has also experienced downturns, often in connection with, or in anticipation of, maturing product cycles of both semiconductor companies’ and their customers’ products and declines in general economic conditions. To reduce our risks associated with sole industry focus and customer concentration, the Company expanded its business into real estate investment and oil and gas equipment fabrication businesses in 2007 and 2009, respectively.
Our strategic plan related with our semiconductor business assumes growth targets will be achieved by pursuing and winning new business in the following areas:
• Primary markets – Focusing to capture additional market share within our primary markets by offering superior products and services to address the needs of our major customers.
• Focus on growing markets – Expanding our geographic reach in areas of the world with significant growth potential.
• New markets –Developing new products and technologies that serve wholly new markets.
• Pursue complementary strategic relationships- Complementary acquisitions or similar arrangements can expand our markets and strengthen our competitive position. As part of our growth strategy, the Company continues to selectively assess opportunities to develop strategic relationships, including acquisitions, investments and joint development projects with key partners and other businesses.
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Business Segments
Testing Services
Our Testing services are rendered to manufacturers and purchasers of semiconductors and other entities who either lack testing capabilities or whose in-house screening facilities are insufficient for testing devices in order for them to make sure that these products meet military or certain commercial specifications. Customers outsource their test services either to accommodate fluctuations in output or to benefit from economies that can be offered by third party service providers.
Our laboratories perform a variety of tests, including stabilization bake, thermal shock, temperature cycling, mechanical shock, constant acceleration, gross and fine leak tests, electrical testing, microprocessor equipment contract cleaning services, static and dynamic burn-in tests, reliability lab services and vibration testing. We also perform qualification testing, consisting of intense tests conducted on small samples of output from manufacturers who require qualification of their processes and devices.
We use our own proprietary equipment for certain burn-in, centrifugal and leak tests, and commercially available equipment for various other environmental tests. We conduct the majority of our testing operations in Southeast Asia with facilities in Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand and China, which have been certified to the relevant ISO quality management standards.
Manufacturing
We manufacture both front-end and back-end semiconductor test equipment and related peripherals at our facilities in Singapore and the United States.
Front-End Products
Artic Temperature Controlled Wafer Chucks
Artic Temperature Controlled Chucks are used for test, characterization and failure analysis of semiconductor wafers and such other components at accurately controlled cold and hot temperatures. These systems provide excellent performance to meet the most demanding customer applications. Several unique mechanical design features provide excellent mechanical stability under high probing forces and across temperature ranges.
Wet Process Stations
Wet Process Stations are used for cleaning, rinsing and drying semiconductor wafers, flat panel displays magnetic disks, and other microelectronic substrates. After the etching or deposition of integrated circuits, wafers are typically sent through a series of 100 to 300 additional processing steps. At many of these processing steps, the wafer is washed and dried using Wet Process Stations.
Back-End Products
Autoclaves and HAST (Highly Accelerated Stress Test) Equipment
We manufacture autoclaves, HAST systems and specialized test fixtures. Autoclaves provide pressurized, saturated vapor (100% relative humidity) test environments for fast and easy monitoring of integrated circuit manufacturing processes. HAST systems provide a fast and cost-effective alternative to conventional non-pressurized temperature and humidity testing.
Burn-in Equipment and Boards
We manufacture burn-in systems, burn-in boards and burn-in board test systems. Burn-in equipment is used to subject semiconductor devices to elevated temperatures while testing them electrically to identify early product failures and to assure long-term reliability. Burn-in boards are used to mount devices during high temperature environmental stressing tests.
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We provide integrated burn-in automation solutions to improve products’ yield, reduce processing downtime and improve efficiency. In addition, we develop cooling solution, which is used to cool or maintain the temperature of high power heat dissipation semiconductor devices.
Component Centrifuges and Leak Detection Equipment
We manufacture centrifuges and leak detection equipment which are used to test the mechanical integrity of ceramic and other hermetically sealed semiconductor devices and electronic parts for high reliability and aerospace applications. Leak detection equipment is designed to detect leaks in hermetic packaging. The bubble tester is used for gross leak detection. A visual bubble trail will indicate when a device is defective.
Distribution
In addition to marketing our proprietary products, we distribute complementary products made by manufacturers mainly from the United States, Europe and Japan. The products include environmental chambers, handlers, interface systems, vibration systems, shaker systems, solderability testers and other semiconductor equipment. Besides equipment, we also distribute a wide range of components such as connectors, sockets and touch-screen panels.
Real Estate
Our real estate segment generates investment income from the investment made and rental revenue from real estate we purchased in Chongqing, China.
Fabrication
We fabricate equipment and structures used in the oil and gas industry at our subsidiary, PT SHI Indonesia, in Indonesia. Indonesia is one of the largest oil and gas producers in Southeast Asia, as well as a major exporter of liquefied natural gas in Asia. Our Fabrication segment suffered continued operating losses since it commenced operation in fiscal year 2009. Subsequent to the year end, management determined to terminate the lease of the its fabrication and, pursuant to the terms of the lease, gave the landlord the notice of termination. Going forward, management intends to outsource fabrication project to a service providers who have the facilities to undertake such projects. Management expects to achieve the benefits of operating with lower fixed costs.
Product Research and Development
We focus our research and development activities on improving and enhancing both product design and process technology. We conduct product and system research and development activities for our products in Singapore and the United States Research and development expenses were $295 and $250 in fiscal 2012 and 2011, respectively. Our Singapore operation increased efforts into research and development in fiscal year 2012 to provide solutions for our customers and development of equipment to assist in the troubleshooting and repair process, the cost of which was not borne directly by our customers.
Marketing, Distribution and Services
We market our products and services worldwide, directly and through independent sales representatives and our own marketing sales team. We have approximately seven independent sales representatives operating in the United States and another eighteen in various foreign countries. Of the twenty-five sales representatives, seven are representing the distribution segment and eighteen are representing the testing services and the manufacturing segment for various products and services produced and provided from our facilities in different locations.
In fiscal 2012 and 2011, combined sales of equipment and services to our three largest customers accounted for approximately 65.4% and 75.5%, respectively, of our total net revenue. We had sales of $17,481 (51.1%) and $23,811 (67.0%) to Customer A for fiscal years 2012 and 2011, respectively. Although the top customer mentioned above is a U.S. company, the revenue generated from them was from their facilities located outside of the U.S. The majority of our sales and services in fiscal years 2012 and 2011 were to customers outside of the United States.
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Backlog
The following table sets forth the Company's backlog at the dates indicated (amounts in thousands):

|  | June 30, |  |  | June 30, |
|  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |
Manufacturing backlog |  | $ | 4,321 |  |  | $ | 2,079 |
Testing services backlog |  |  | 2,292 |  |  |  | 870 |
Distribution backlog |  |  | 290 |  |  |  | 317 |
Real estate backlog* |  |  | 127 |  |  |  | 223 |
Fabrication services backlog |  |  | 247 |  |  |  | 1,935 |
|  | $ | 7,277 |  |  | $ | 5,424 |

*Real estate backlog is based on the rental income from non-cancellable lease.
Based upon our past experience, we do not anticipate any significant cancellations or re-negotiation of sales. The purchase orders for the manufacturing, testing services and distribution businesses generally require delivery within 12 months from the date of the purchase order and certain costs are incurred before delivery. In the event of a cancellation of a confirmed purchase order, we require our customers to reimburse us for all costs incurred. We do not anticipate any difficulties in meeting delivery schedules.
Materials and Supplies
Our products are designed by our engineers and are assembled and tested at our facilities in California, China and Singapore. We purchase all parts and certain components from outside vendors for assembly purposes. We have no written contracts with any of our key suppliers. As these parts and components are available from a variety of sources, we believe that the loss of any one of our suppliers would not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations taken as a whole.
Competition
Our ability to compete depends on our ability to develop, introduce and sell new products or enhanced versions of existing products on a timely basis and at competitive prices, while reducing our costs.
There are numerous testing laboratories in the areas where we operate that perform a range of testing services similar to those offered. However, due to recent severe competition in the Southeast Asia testing and burn-in services industry there has been a reduction in the total number of competitors. The existence of competing laboratories and the purchase of testing equipment by semiconductor manufacturers and users are potential threats to our future testing services revenue and earnings. Although these laboratories and new competitors may challenge us at any time, we believe that other factors, including reputation, long service history and strong customer relationships, are instrumental in determining our position in the market.
The distribution segment sells a wide range of equipment to be used for testing products. As the semiconductor equipment industry is highly competitive, we offer a one-stop service alternative to customers by complementing our products with design consultancy and other value-added services.
The principal competitive factors in the manufacturing industry include product performance, reliability, service and technical support, product improvements, price, established relationships with customers and product familiarity. We make every effort to compete favorably with respect to each of these factors. Although we have competitors for our various products, we believe that our products compete favorably with respect to each of the above factors. We have been in business for more than 54 years and have operation facilities mostly located in Southeast Asia. Those factors combined have helped us to establish and nurture long-term relationships with customers and will allow us to continue doing business with our existing customers upon their relocation to other regions where we have a local presence or are able to reach.
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The real estate industry in China has grown dramatically over the last two decades. The real estate market in China presents not only huge business opportunities but also various special characteristics at both industrial and business levels. We cooperate closely with our joint venture partner, JiaSheng Property Development Co. Ltd. (“JiaSheng”), who has many years’ experience in the real estate business in China. We believe the experience from our partner combined with our investment experience helps us to be more competent.
Our fabrication services segment is located in Indonesia. Indonesia is one of the largest oil and gas producers in Southeast Asia, as well as a major exporter of liquefied natural gas in Asia. In addition, as offshore oil and gas exploration moves into more challenging deep waters and locations where infrastructure is lacking, larger and more complex equipment may be needed to support the production facility. This segment suffered continued operating losses since it commenced operation in fiscal year 2009. Subsequent to the year end, management determined to terminate the lease of its fabrication yard and, pursuant to the terms of the lease, gave the landlord the notice of termination. Going forward, management intends to outsource fabrication project to a service providers who have the facilities to undertake such projects. Management expects to achieve the benefits of operating with lower fixed costs.
Patents
The manufacturing segment holds a United States patent granted in 1994 on certain aspects of its Artic temperature test systems. In 2001, we registered a new United States patent (for 22 years) for several aspects of a new range of Artic Temperature Controlled Chucks. As these patents are not significant for our manufacturing segment due to the change in our products portfolio, the capitalized cost of the patents was written off in fiscal 2002 because of the impairment assessed by our management. In fiscal 2012 and 2011 we did not register any patents within the U.S.
It is typical in the semiconductor industry to receive notices from time to time alleging infringement of patents or other intellectual property rights of others. We do not believe that we infringe on the intellectual property rights of any others. However, should any claims be brought against us, the cost of litigating such claims and any damages could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Employees
As of June 30, 2012, we had approximately 392 employees. Geographically, approximately 7 full time employees were located in the United States and approximately 385 full time employees in Southeast Asia. None of our employees are represented by a labor union.
There were approximately 72 employees in the manufacturing segment, 262 employees in the testing services segment, 22 employees in the fabrication services segment, 4 employees in the real estate segment and 32 employees in general administration, logistics and others.
ITEM 1A – RISK FACTORS
As a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, we are not required to provide the information required by this item.
ITEM 1B – UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Not applicable.
ITEM 2 – PROPERTIES
As of the date of filing of this Form 10-K, we believe that we are utilizing approximately 95% of our fixed property capacity. We also believe that our existing facilities are adequate and suitable to cover any sudden increase in our needs in the foreseeable future.
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The following table presents the relevant information regarding the location and general character of our principal manufacturing and testing facilities:

|  |  |  |  | Owned (O)
|  |  | Approx. |  | or Leased (L)
|  |  | Sq. Ft. |  | & Expiration
Location | Segment |  | Occupied |  | Date
16139 Wyandotte Street, Van Nuys, CA 91406, United States of America | Corporate Testing Services/ Manufacturing |  | 5,200 |  | (L) Dec. 2014
1004, Toa Payoh North, Singapore |  |  |  |  |
Unit No. HEX 07-01/07, | Testing Services |  | 6,864 |  | (L) Sept. 2017
Unit No. HEX 07-01/07, (ancillary site) | Testing Services |  | 2,339 |  | (L) Sept. 2017
Unit No. HEX 03-01/02/03, | Testing Services /Manufacturing |  | 2,959 |  | (L) Sept. 2017
Unit No. HEX 01-08/15, | Testing Services /Manufacturing |  | 6,864 |  | (L) Jan. 2017
Unit No. HEX 01-08/15, (ancillary site) | Testing Services /Manufacturing |  | 1,980 |  | (L) Jan. 2017
Unit No. HEX 01-16/17, | Testing Services |  | 1,983 |  | (L) Jan. 2017
Unit No. HEX 03-08/10, | Manufacturing |  | 2,959 |  | (L) May 2013*1
1008, Toa Payoh North, Singapore |  |  |  |  |
Unit No. HEX 03-09/17, | Manufacturing |  | 6,099 |  | (L) Jan. 2017
Unit No. HEX 03-09/17, (ancillary site) | Manufacturing |  | 70 |  | (L) Jan. 2017
Unit No. HEX 07-17/18, | Testing Services |  | 4,315 |  | (L) Nov. 2012*1
Unit No. HEX 07-17/18, (ancillary site) | Testing Services |  | 25 |  | (L) Nov. 2012*1
Unit No. HEX 02-17 | Manufacturing |  | 832 |  | (L) Jun. 2013*1
Unit No. HEX 02-15/16 | Manufacturing |  | 1,400 |  | (L) Jul. 2013
Unit No. HEX 01-09/10/11 | Manufacturing |  | 2,202 |  | (L) Nov. 2017
Unit No. HEX 01-15/16 | Manufacturing |  | 1,400 |  | (L) Sept. 2014*4
Unit No. HEX 01-08 | Manufacturing |  | 603 |  | (L) Jun. 2017
Unit No. HEX 01-12/14 | Manufacturing |  | 1664 |  | (L) Jul. 2016
Plot 1A, Phase 1 | Manufacturing |  | 42,013 |  | (O)*2
Bayan Lepas Free Trade Zone |  |  |  |  |
11900 Penang |  |  |  |  |
Lot No. 11A, Jalan SS8/2, | Testing Services |  | 78,706 |  | (O)
Sungai Way Free Industrial Zone, |  |  |  |  |
47300 Petaling Jaya, |  |  |  |  |
Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia |  |  |  |  |
Lot No. 4, Kawasan MIEL | Testing Services |  | 37,457 |  | (L) Nov. 2013*3
Sungai Way Baru Free Industrial Zone, |  |  |  |  |
Phsdr Phase III, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia |  |  |  |  |
327, Chalongkrung Road, | Testing Services |  | 34,433 |  | (O)
Lamplathew, Lat Krabang, |  |  |  |  |
Bangkok 10520, Thailand |  |  |  |  |
No. 5, Xing Han Street, Block A | Testing Services |  | 932 |  | (L) Dec 2012*1
#04-15/16, Suzhou Industrial Park |  |  |  |  |
China 215021 |  |  |  |  |
27-05, Huang Jin Fu Pan. | Real Estate |  | 970 |  | (L) Aug. 2015
No. 26 Huang Jin Qiao Street |  |  |  |  |
Hechuan District Chongqing China 401520 |  |  |  |  |
Jl Brigjen Katamso Km.5 | Fabrication Services |  | 597,096 |  | (L) Aug 2013
Tanjung Uncang, Sekupang |  |  |  |  |
Batam 29400, Indonesia |  |  |  |  |
B7-2, Xiqing Economic Development | Testing Services |  | 45,949 |  | (L) April 2021
Area International Industrial Park |  |  |  |  |
Tianjin City, China 300385. |  |  |  |  |

*1 | With respect to the various leases that expire during fiscal 2013, the Company anticipates that the landlord will offer similar terms on each such lease at renewal and does not believe that material expenses will be incurred.

*2 | The property was held as assets held for sale pursuant to the Sales and Purchase agreement entered in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2011, which sale remains pending as of the date of the filing of this Form 10-K.

*3 | The premises are sublet to third party.

*4 The premises have been returned and the lease terminated as at the date of this report.
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ITEM 3 – LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The Company is, from time to time, the subject of litigation claims and assessments arising out of matters occurring in its normal business operations. In the opinion of management, resolution of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on our financial statements.
There are no material proceedings to which any director, officer or affiliate of the Company, any beneficial owner of more than five percent of the Company’s Common Stock, or any associate of such person is a party that is adverse to the Company or its properties.
ITEM 4 – MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
PART II

ITEM 5 – MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Market Information
Our Common Stock is traded on the NYSE MKT under the symbol “TRT.” The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the range of high and low sales prices of our Common Stock as quoted by the NYSE MKT:

|  | High |  |  | Low |
Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2011 |  |  |  |  |  |
Quarter ended September 30, 2010 |  | $ | 4.72 |  |  | $ | 3.50 |
Quarter ended December 31, 2010 |  | $ | 6.27 |  |  | $ | 4.17 |
Quarter ended March 31, 2011 |  | $ | 5.15 |  |  | $ | 4.16 |
Quarter ended June 30, 2011 |  | $ | 4.71 |  |  | $ | 3.29 |
Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2012 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Quarter ended September 30, 2011 |  | $ | 3.90 |  |  | $ | 2.70 |
Quarter ended December 31, 2011 |  | $ | 2.99 |  |  | $ | 2.19 |
Quarter ended March 31, 2012 |  | $ | 2.56 |  |  | $ | 2.00 |
Quarter ended June 30, 2012 |  | $ | 2.25 |  |  | $ | 1.40 |

Stockholders
As of September 21, 2012, there were 3,321,555 shares of our Common Stock issued and outstanding, and the Company had approximately 66 record holders of Common Stock. The number of holders of record does not include the number of persons whose stock is in nominee or “street name” accounts through brokers.
Dividend Policy
We did not declare any cash dividend in fiscal 2012 or fiscal 2011.
The determination as to whether to pay any future cash dividends will depend upon our earnings and financial position at that time and other factors as the Board of Directors may deem appropriate. California law prohibits the payment of dividends if a corporation does not have sufficient retained earnings or cannot meet certain asset to liability ratios. There is no assurance that dividends will be paid to holders of Common Stock in the foreseeable future.
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ITEM 6 - SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
As a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, we are not required to provide the information required by this item.
ITEM 7 – MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PERCENTAGES AND SHARE AMOUNTS)
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our disclaimer on “Forward-Looking Statements,” “Item 1. Business,” and Consolidated Financial Statements, the notes to those statements and other financial information contained elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Trio-Tech International operates in five distinct segments: manufacturing, testing services, distribution, real estate and fabrication. In fiscal year 2012, revenue from our manufacturing, testing services, distribution, real estate and fabrication services segments represented 49.6%, 37.8%, 3.1%, 0.4% and 9.1% of our revenue, respectively, compared to 54.9%, 36.9%, 2.7%, 3.0% and 2.5%, respectively, in fiscal year 2011.
Semi-conductor testing and manufacturing of test equipments is our core business. We provide third-party semiconductor testing and burn-in services primarily through our laboratories in Southeast Asia. At or from our facilities in California and Southeast Asia we also design, manufacture and market equipment and systems to be used in the testing and production of semiconductors, and distribute semiconductor processing and testing equipment manufactured by other vendors.
We plan to continue expanding our market share in the semiconductor testing segment. In the third quarter of 2011, Trio-Tech (Tianjin) Co. Ltd. (“TTTJ”), located in the Xiqing Economic Development Area International Industrial Park in Tianjin City, People’s Republic of China, commenced operating activities. It provides testing services for one of our major customers. During fiscal year 2012, TTTJ obtained the ISO/TS 16949: 2009 certification, which enables this operation to provide burn-in services to the automotive industry.
Our testing operation in Malaysia substantially completed its expansion in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2012, which was commenced in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2010 with the objective to meet the increasing demands of one of our major customers.
Our Shanghai operation, as a component of the testing services segment, suffered continued operating losses from fiscal year 2007 to fiscal year 2010 and the cash flow was minimal for those years. In the fourth quarter of 2010, we established a restructuring plan to close the testing operation in Shanghai, China. Based on the restructuring plan and in accordance with ASC Topic 205-20, Presentation of Financial Statement of Discontinued Operations, we presented the operation results from Shanghai as a discontinued operation, from fiscal year 2011. In management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operation below, the amounts used in comparison have been reclassified to exclude the amounts from discontinued operations, which have been discussed as a separate line item listed on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
Our distribution segment operates primarily in Southeast Asia. This segment markets and supports distribution of its own manufactured equipment in addition to distributing complementary products supplied by other manufacturers that are used by its customers and other semiconductor and electronics manufacturers. We believe this will help us to reduce our exposure to multiple risks arising from being a mere distributor of manufactured products from others.
Our real estate segment generates investment income from the investments made and rental revenue from real estate property purchased in Chongqing, China.
During the second quarter of fiscal 2011, the Company entered into a joint-venture agreement with JiaSheng to develop real estate projects in China. Prior to the first quarter of fiscal 2012, the Company had 10% ownership in this China affiliate, and this investment was recorded on the equity basis. Pursuant to the joint-venture agreement, the Company has the option of purchasing 15% of investment from its joint venture within a period of 24 months from the commencement of the joint venture. In the first quarter of fiscal 2012, due to the resignation of two directors representing Trio-Tech on the board of the joint venture, we concluded that we could no longer exert significant influence on the operating and financial activities of the joint venture. Therefore, we began accounting for this investment using cost method effective September 29, 2011. The carrying value of this investment at June 30, 2012 was $765, which approximates our pro rate share of the underlying value of the joint venture. Based on ASC Topic 323 – Investment – Other, Cost Method Investments, the existing cost, after evaluating for impairment, the carrying value of the investment has been considered to be the cost of investment. The Company disposed the option of purchasing 15% of the investment from its joint venture during September 2011 for RMB 500 or approximately $79.
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In fiscal 2010, the TTCQ entered into a Memorandum Agreement with Chongqing Fu Li Real Estate Development Co. Ltd. (“Fu Li Real Estate”), to purchase two commercial properties totaling 311.99 square meters (“office space”) located in Jiang Bei District Chongqing. The total purchase price committed and paid was RMB 4,025, or approximately $633 based on the exchange rate as of June 30, 2012. The construction has been completed and the property was handed over to TTCQ during April 2012 and the documentation of the change of title is in process. We rented this property to a third-party during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2012 and generated a rental income of RMB 21, or approximately $3, for the fiscal year 2012.
Our fabrication services segment, SHI International Pte. Ltd (“SHI”), provides fabrication of large and complex offshore structures employed to process oil and gas and for temporary storage of the oil prior to shipment, and related services for the offshore oil and gas industries. This segment suffered continued operating losses since it commenced operation in fiscal year 2009. The scale of this operation is not adequate to cover its fixed costs which mainly consist of yard rental cost and direct labor cost. Subsequent to the year end, management determined to terminate the lease of the its fabrication and, pursuant to the terms of the lease, gave the landlord the notice of termination. Going forward, management intends to outsource fabrication project to a service providers who have the facilities to undertake such projects. In the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2012, management performed an assessment of the carrying value of this operation’s fixed assets. As we expect very little future cash flow from the assets in this segment, the Company recorded an impairment loss of $216 on these assets based on its examination of future undiscounted cash flows.
Subsequent Event
In October 2012, PT SHI Indonesia a 100% owned subsidiary of SHI International Pte. Ltd. in which Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd. holds a 55% equity interest, has communicated the notice of termination of the lease of the fabrication yard in Batam Indonesia. Going forward, fabrication projects contracted by SHI International Pte. Ltd. will be subcontracted to service providers who have the facility to undertake such projects.
Fiscal 2012 Highlights (in Thousands)

· | Total revenue decreased by $1,324, or 3.7 %, to $34,211 in fiscal 2012 compared to $35,535 in fiscal 2011.

· | Manufacturing segment revenue decreased by $2,537, or 13%, to $16,955 in fiscal 2012 compared to $19,492 in fiscal 2011.

· | Testing services segment revenue decreased by $204, or 1.6%, to $12,922 in fiscal 2012 compared to $13,126 in fiscal 2011.

· | Distribution segment revenue increased by $120, or 12.6%, to $1,075 in fiscal 2012 compared to $955 in fiscal 2011.

· | Real estate segment revenue decreased by $914, or 86.1%, to $148 in fiscal 2012 compared to $1,062 in fiscal 2011.

· | Fabrication services segment revenue increased by $2,211, or 245.7%, to $3,111 in fiscal 2012 compared to $900 in fiscal 2011.

· | Gross profit margins decreased by 10.0% to 13.4% in fiscal 2012 compared to 23.4% in fiscal 2011.

· | General and administrative expenses decreased by $482, or 5.9%, to $7,737 in fiscal 2012 compared to $8,219 in fiscal 2011.

· | Impairment loss increased by $144 to $216 in fiscal 2012 compared to $72 in fiscal 2011.

· | Research and Development expenses increased by $45, or 18%, to $295 in fiscal 2012 from $250 in fiscal 2011.

· | Stock option expense decreased by $426 to $204 in fiscal 2012 as compared to $630 in fiscal 2011.

· | Loss from operations increased by $ 3,714 to $4,300 in fiscal 2012 compared to $586 in fiscal 2011.

· | Losses from continuing operations before income tax increased by $4,298, to $4,425 in fiscal 2012 compared to $127 in fiscal 2011.

· | Total assets increased by $1,694 or 4.7%, to $38,050 as of June 30, 2012 compared to $36,356 as of June 30, 2011.

· | Working capital decreased by $2,060, or 28.4%, to $ 5,196 as of June 30, 2012 compared to $7,256 as of June 30, 2011.

The highlights above are intended to identify some of our most significant events and transactions during our fiscal year 2012. However, these highlights are not intended to be a full discussion of our results for the year. These highlights should be read in conjunction with the discussion in this Item 7 and with our consolidated financial statements and footnotes accompanying this Annual Report.
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General Financial Information
During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2012, total assets increased by $ 1,694 from $36,356 in fiscal 2011 to $38,050 in fiscal 2012. The increase was primarily due to an increase in short term deposits, trade accounts receivables, other receivables, prepaid expenses and investment property which was partially offset by a decrease in cash and cash equivalents, inventory, property, plant and equipment, restricted term deposits and other assets.
Cash and cash equivalents at June 30, 2012 were $1,572, a decrease of $1,539, or 49.5%, compared to a total of $3,111 as of June 30, 2011. The decrease in cash was primarily due to capital expenditure in cash of $1,603 during fiscal year 2012 primarily for the purchase of machinery and equipment for the testing services segment in the Tianjin and Malaysia operation.
Trade accounts receivables at June 30, 2012 were $11,311, representing an increase of $4,499, or 66.0 %, compared to $6,812 at June 30, 2011. The increase was attributable to an increase in sales in Singapore operations mainly in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2012 as a result of an increase in sale of equipment and systems used in the testing of semiconductors from one of our major customers. Total sales from all of the segments in fiscal 2012 were $34,211, a decrease of $1,324, or 3.7%, compared to total sales of $35,535 in fiscal 2011. The turnover of accounts receivables was 95 days for fiscal 2012, a decrease of 2 days compared to 97 days for fiscal 2011.
Other receivables at June 30, 2012 were $962, an increase of $653 from $309 at June 30, 2011. Such increase was mainly due to an increase in the goods and services tax (“GST”) refund claimable from Singapore by the Singapore operations in fiscal year 2012 as a result of increased purchases to satisfy the expected orders from our customers. Singapore’s GST is a broad-based consumption tax levied on import of goods, as well as nearly all supplies of goods and services. GST is refunded for business purchases and expenses. The backlog in our manufacturing segment was $4,321 at June 30, 2012, representing an increase of $2,242 from $2,079 at June 30, 2011. Singapore’s GST is a broad-based consumption tax levied on import of goods, as well as nearly all supplies of goods and services, deferred revenue in the two projects of the fabrication segment in Indonesia and advance payments to suppliers in the Singapore operations.
Inventory in our manufacturing and distribution segments at June 30, 2012 was $2,324, a decrease of $106, or 4.4%, compared to $2,430 at June 30, 2011. The turnover of inventory was 56 days for fiscal 2012, reflecting a decrease of 5 days compared with a turnover rate of 61 days for fiscal 2011. The increase in the inventory turnover rate and the decrease in inventory balance at June 30, 2012 was due to higher usage of inventory to meet the increase in revenue in our manufacturing segment in the third and fourth quarter of fiscal 2012 as compared to the same period of last fiscal year.
Prepaid expenses at June 30, 2012 were $406, an increase of $58 from $348 at June 30, 2011. The increase was primarily due to increased prepayments to suppliers by our Tianjin operation and Malaysia operation during the normal course of business.
Loan receivables from investment in property development projects at June 30, 2012 were $1,101, an increase of $18 from $1,083 as at June 30, 2011. The increase in loan receivables from property development projects was primarily due to currency translation effect. The loan receivable from property development projects was RMB 5,000 and RMB 2,000, or approximately $787 and $314 based on the exchange rate published by the Monetary Authority of Singapore as of June 30, 2012, from JiaSheng and JiangHuai, respectively. The investment was classified as a loan based on ASC Topic 310-10-25 Receivables.
Investment properties in China at June 30, 2012 were $1,815, an increase of $577, from $1,238 as at June 30, 2011. The increase was due to a reclassification of balance from long-term deposits to investment account relating to a transfer of property from Fu Li Real Estate to our China subsidiary, Trio Tech Chongqing.
Property, plant and equipment at June 30, 2012 were $13,193, a decrease of $1,758, compared to $14,951 at June 30, 2011. The decrease was mainly due to depreciation charged during fiscal year 2012 during the normal course of business. In addition, there was an impairment loss of $216 arising from our fabrication segment, as discussed in this 10-K report. Depreciation for property, plant and equipment was $2,606 and $2,511 for fiscal years 2012 and 2011, respectively.
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Other assets at June 30, 2012 were $776, a decrease of $636, compared to $1,412 as at June 30, 2011. The decrease was mainly due to a decrease in down-payment for fixed assets, which was partially offset by the increase in rental deposit in Singapore operations. An amount of $673 was transferred from down payment to investment property in China and in property, plant and equipment as the assets were put to use during fiscal year 2012.
Restricted cash at June 30, 2012 decreased by $117 to $3,445, compared to $3,562 at June 30, 2011. The decrease was mainly due to the currency translation effect.
Total liabilities at June 30, 2012 were $17,494, an increase of $6,115, compared to $11,379 at June 30, 2011.
The total of our lines of credit at June 30, 2012 was $3,605, representing an increase of $2,272, compared to $1,333 at June 30, 2011. We increased utilization of the lines of credit in fiscal year 2012 to finance the working capital needs of the Singapore, Indonesia and Tianjin operations. These lines of credit are collateralized by restricted deposits held in a financial institution in Singapore.
Accounts payable at June 30, 2012 was $4,834, an increase of $2,960, compared to $1,874 at June 30, 2011. The increase in accounts payable was due to an increase in material purchases during the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2012 in the Singapore operation as a result of a major order from one of the customers.
Accrued expenses at June 30, 2012 were $3,011, a decrease of $168, compared to $3,179 at June 30, 2011. The decrease in accrued expenses was mainly due to a decrease in provision for bonus as a result of the current year performance. There was no need for additional provision to be made and a decrease in payroll related accruals.
As of June 30, 2012, the outstanding bank loans payable was $4,139, with interest rates ranging from 4.55% to 5.10% per annum compared to the bank loans payable of $2,915 with interest rates of 4.55% per annum as of June 30, 2011. During the second quarter of fiscal 2012 we established a line of credit with a financial institution primarily for the working capital needs of our Singapore operation. These loans were collateralized by property, plant and equipment.
Critical Accounting Estimates & Policies
The discussion and analysis of the Company’s financial condition presented in this section are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States. During the preparation of the consolidated financial statements, we are required to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to sales, returns, pricing concessions, bad debts, inventories, investments, fixed assets, intangible assets, income taxes and other contingencies. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under current conditions. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
In response to the SEC’s Release No. 33-8040, Cautionary Advice Regarding Disclosure about Critical Accounting Policy, we have identified the most critical accounting policies upon which our financial status depends. We determined that those critical accounting policies are related to the inventory valuation, allowance for doubtful accounts, revenue recognition, impairment of property, plant and equipment and investment property and income tax. These accounting policies are discussed in the relevant sections in this management’s discussion and analysis, including the Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements discussed below.
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
During the normal course of business, we extend unsecured credit to our customers in all segments. Typically, credit terms require payment to be made between 30 to 90 days from the date of the sale. We generally do not require collateral from customers. We maintain our cash accounts at credit worthy financial institutions.
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The Company’s management considers the following factors when determining the collectability of specific customer accounts: customer credit-worthiness, past transaction history with the customer, current economic industry trends, and changes in customer payment terms. The Company includes any account balances that are determined to be uncollectible, along with a general reserve, in the overall allowance for doubtful accounts. After all attempts to collect a receivable have failed, the receivable is written off against the allowance. Based on the information available to management, the Company believed that its allowance for doubtful accounts was adequate as of June 30, 2012.
Inventory Valuation
Inventories of our manufacturing and distribution segments consisting principally of raw materials, works in progress, and finished goods are stated at the lower of cost, using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method, or market value. The semiconductor industry is characterized by rapid technological change, short-term customer commitments and rapid changes in demand. Provisions for estimated excess and obsolete inventory are based on regular reviews of inventory quantities on hand and the latest forecasts of product demand and production requirements from our customers. Inventories are written down for not saleable, excess or obsolete raw materials, works-in-process and finished goods by charging such write-downs to cost of sales. In addition to write-downs based on newly introduced parts, statistics and judgments are used for assessing provisions of the remaining inventory based on salability and obsolescence.
Property, Plant and Equipment & Investment Property
Property, plant and equipment and investment property in China are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is provided for over the estimated useful lives of the assets using the straight-line method. Amortization of leasehold improvements is provided for over the lease terms or the estimated useful lives of the assets, whichever is shorter, using the straight-line method.
Maintenance, repairs and minor renewals are charged directly to expense as incurred. Additions and improvements to property and equipment are capitalized. When assets are disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation thereon are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is included in the statement of operations.
Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions
The U.S. dollar is the functional currency of the U.S. parent company. The Singapore dollar, the national currency of Singapore, is the primary currency of the economic environment in which the operations in Singapore are conducted. We also operate in Malaysia, Thailand, China and Indonesia, of which the Malaysian ringgit, Thai baht, Chinese remimbi and Indonesian rupiah, respectively, are the national currencies. The Company uses the United States dollar (“U.S. dollars”) for financial reporting purposes.
The Company translates assets and liabilities of its subsidiaries outside the U.S. into U.S. dollars using the rate of exchange prevailing at the balance sheet date, and the statement of operations is measured using average rates in effect for the reporting period. Adjustments resulting from the translation of the subsidiaries’ financial statements from foreign currencies into U.S. dollars are recorded in shareholders' equity as part of accumulated comprehensive loss - translation adjustments. Gains or losses resulting from transactions denominated in currencies other than functional currencies of the Company’s subsidiaries are reflected in income for the reporting period.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue derived from testing services is recognized when testing services are rendered. Revenues generated from sales of products in the manufacturing and distribution segments are recognized when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery of the products has occurred, customer acceptance has been obtained (which means the significant risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred to the customer), the price is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. Certain products sold in the manufacturing segment require installation and training to be performed.
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Revenue from product sales is also recorded in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 605 (Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) Statement 00-21), Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables and Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) 104 Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements, which generally require revenue earned on product sales involving multiple-elements to be allocated to each element based on the relative fair values of those elements. Accordingly, the Company allocates revenue to each element in a multiple-element arrangement based on the element’s respective fair value, with the fair value determined by the price charged when that element is sold and specifically defined in a quotation or contract. The Company allocates a portion of the invoice value to products sold and the remaining portion of invoice value to installation work in proportion to the fair value of products sold and installation work to be performed. Training elements are valued based on hourly rates, which the Company charges for these services when sold apart from product sales. The fair value determination of products sold and the installation and training work is also based on our specific historical experience of the relative fair values of the elements if there is no easily observable market price to be considered. In fiscal 2012 and 2011, the installation revenues generated in connection with product sales were immaterial and were included in the product sales revenue line on the consolidated statements of operations.
Revenue derived from the fabrication services segment, which fabricates large and complex structures employed to process oil and gas and for temporary storage, is recognized from long-term, fixed-price contracts using the percentage-of-completion method of accounting: (1) Input measures - measured by multiplying the estimated total contract value by the ratio of actual contract costs incurred to date to the estimated total contract costs, and (2) Output measures – measured based on completion of contract of milestones. The Company makes significant estimates involving its usage of percentage-of-completion accounting to recognize contract revenues. The Company periodically reviews contracts in process for estimates-to-completion, and revises estimated gross profit accordingly. While the Company believes its estimated gross profit on contracts in process is reasonable, unforeseen events and changes in circumstances can take place in a subsequent accounting period that may cause the Company to revise its estimated gross profit on one or more of its contracts in process. Accordingly, the ultimate gross profit realized upon completion of such contracts can vary significantly from estimated amounts between accounting periods.
In the real estate segment: (1) revenue from property development is earned and recognized on the earlier of the dates when the underlying property is sold or upon the maturity of the agreement. If this amount is uncollectible, the agreement empowers the repossession of the property, and (2) rental revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the respective leases. This means that, with respect to a particular lease, actual amounts billed in accordance with the lease during any given period may be higher or lower than the amount of rental revenue recognized for the period. Straight-line rental revenue is commenced when the tenant assumes possession of the leased premises. Accrued straight-line rents receivable represents the amount by which straight-line rental revenue exceeds rents currently billed in accordance with lease agreements.
Joint Venture
The Company analyzes its investments in joint ventures to determine if the joint venture is a variable interest entity (a “VIE”) and would require consolidation. The Company (a) evaluates the sufficiency of the total equity at risk, (b) reviews the voting rights and decision-making authority of the equity investment holders as a group, and whether there are any guaranteed returns, protection against losses, or capping of residual returns within the group and (c) establishes whether activities within the venture are on behalf of an investor with disproportionately few voting rights in making this VIE determination. The Company would consolidate a venture that is determined to be a VIE if it was the primary beneficiary. Beginning January 1, 2010, a new accounting standard became effective and changed the method by which the primary beneficiary of a VIE is determined a primarily qualitative approach whereby the variable interest holder, if any, has the power to direct the VIE’s most significant activities and is the primary beneficiary. To the extent that the joint venture does not qualify as VIE, the Company further assesses the existence of a controlling financial interest under a voting interest model to determine whether the venture should be consolidated.
Equity Method
The Company analyzes its investments in joint ventures to determine if the joint venture should be accounted for using the equity method. Management evaluates both Common Stock and in-substance Common Stock whether they give the Company the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies of the joint venture even though the Company holds less than 50% of the Common Stock and in-substance Common Stock. The net income of the joint venture will be reported as “Equity in earnings of unconsolidated joint ventures, net of tax” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
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Cost Method
Investee companies not accounted for under the consolidation or the equity method of accounting are accounted for under the cost method of accounting. Under this method, the Company’s share of the earnings or losses of such Investee companies is not included in the Consolidated Balance Sheet or Statement of Operations. However, impairment charges are recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. If circumstances suggest that the value of the Investee company has subsequently recovered, such recovery is not recorded.
Long-Lived Assets & Impairment
Our business requires heavy investment in manufacturing facilities and equipment that are technologically advanced but can quickly become significantly under-utilized or rendered obsolete by rapid changes in demand. In addition, we have recorded intangible assets with finite lives related to our acquisitions.
We evaluate our long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipment and purchased intangible assets with finite lives, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of such assets may not be recoverable. Factors considered important that could result in an impairment review include significant underperformance relative to expected historical or projected future operating results, significant changes in the manner of use of the assets or the strategy for our business, significant negative industry or economic trends, and a significant decline in our stick price for a sustained period of time. Impairment is recognized based on the difference between the fair value of the asset and its carrying value, and fair is generally measured based on discounted cash flow analysis, if there is significant adverse change.
We apply the provisions of ASC Topic 360, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, to property, plant and equipment, and other intangible assets such as customer relationships. ASC Topic 360 requires that long-lived assets be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable through the estimated undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the assets. Whenever any such impairment exists, an impairment loss will be recognized for the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value.
In our business in the future, we may be required to record impairment charges on our long-lived assets. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2012 and fiscal 2011, we performed an impairment analysis at entity level for long-lived assets and determined that there was $216 and $72 of impairment loss, respectively.
Fair Value Measurements
Under the standard ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements, fair value refers to the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between participants in the market in which the reporting entity transacts its business. ASC Topic 820 clarifies the principle that fair value should be based on the assumptions market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability. In support of this principle, ASC Topic 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the information used to develop those assumptions. Under the standard, fair value measurements would be separately disclosed by level within the fair value hierarchy.
Income Tax
We account for income taxes using the liability method in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 740, Accounting for Income Taxes. ASC Topic 740 requires an entity to recognize deferred tax liabilities and assets. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequence attributable to the difference between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements, which will result in taxable or deductible amounts in future years. Further, the effects of enacted tax laws or rate changes are included as part of deferred tax expenses or benefits in the period that covers the enactment date. Management believed that it was more likely than not that the future benefits from these timing differences would not be realized. Accordingly, a full valuation allowance was provided as of June 30, 2012 and 2011.
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The calculation of tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex global tax regulations. We recognize potential liabilities for anticipated tax audit issues in the United States and other tax jurisdictions based on our estimate of whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes will be due. If payment of these amounts ultimately proves to be unnecessary, the reversal of the liabilities would result in tax benefits being recognized in the period when we determine that the liabilities are no longer necessary. If the estimate of tax liabilities proves to be less than the ultimate assessment, a further charge to expense would result.
Stock Based Compensation
We adopted the fair value recognition provisions under ASC Topic 718, Share Based Payments, using the modified prospective application method. Under this transition method, compensation cost recognized during the twelve months ended June 30, 2012 included the applicable amounts of: (a) compensation cost of all share-based payments granted prior to, but not yet vested as of, July 1, 2005 (based on the grant-date fair value estimated in accordance with the original provisions of ASC Topic 718 and (b) compensation cost for all share-based payments granted subsequent to June 30, 2005.
Non-controlling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements
On July 1, 2009, we adopted new guidance ASC Topic 810, Consolidation, regarding non-controlling interests issued by the FASB related to the accounting for non-controlling interests in consolidated financial statements. This guidance establishes accounting and reporting standards for the non-controlling interest in a subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. This guidance requires that non-controlling interests in subsidiaries be reported in the equity section of the controlling company’s balance sheet. It also changes the manner in which the net income of the subsidiary is reported and disclosed in the controlling company’s income statement. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Loan Receivables
The loan receivables are classified as current assets carried at face value and are individually evaluated for impairment. The allowance for loan losses reflects management’s best estimate of probable losses determined principally on the basis of historical experience and specific allowances for known loan accounts. All loans or portions thereof deemed to be uncollectible or to require an excessive collection cost are written off to the allowance for losses.
Interest Income
Interest income on loans is recognized on an accrual basis. Discounts and premiums on loans are amortized to income using the interest method over the remaining period to contractual maturity. The amortization of discounts into income is discontinued on loans that are contractually 90 days past due or when collection of interest appears doubtful.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2011, the FASB has issued ASU No. 2011-12, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Deferral of the Effective Date for Amendments to the Presentation of Reclassifications of Items Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income in Accounting Standards Update No. 2011-05. The amendments are effective for public entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2011. Entities will not be required to comply with the presentation requirements in ASU No. 2011-05 that ASU No. 2011-12 is deferring. In order to defer only those changes in ASU No. 2011-05 that relate to the presentation of reclassification adjustments, the paragraphs in ASU No. 2011-12 supersede certain pending paragraphs in ASU No. 2011-05. The amendments are being made to allow the FASB time to re-deliberate whether to present on the face of the financial statements the effects of reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income on the components of net income and other comprehensive income for all periods presented. While the FASB is considering the operational concerns about the presentation requirements for reclassification adjustments and the needs of financial statement users for additional information about reclassification adjustments, entities should continue to report reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income consistent with the presentation requirements in effect before ASU No. 2011-05. All other requirements in ASU No. 2011-05 are not affected by ASU No. 2011-12, including the requirement to report comprehensive income either in a single continuous financial statement or in two separate but consecutive financial statements. Public entities should apply these requirements for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2011. This update did not have an impact on the Company for presentation of Comprehensive Income commencing with the year ended June 30, 2012.
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In September 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-08, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Testing Goodwill for Impairment. ASU 2011-08 is intended to simplify how entities test goodwill for impairment. ASU 2011-08 permits an entity to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is "more likely than not" that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform the two-step goodwill impairment test described in Topic 350, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other. The more-likely-than-not threshold is defined as having a likelihood of more than 50%. ASU 2011-08 is effective for annual and interim goodwill impairment tests performed for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2011. The adoption of this update did not have an impact on our results of operations or financial position, as the Company has fully impaired goodwill in prior fiscal years.
Other new pronouncements issued but not yet effective until after June 30, 2012 are not expected to have a significant effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations.
Comparison of Operating Results
The following table presents certain data from the consolidated statements of operations as a percentage of net sales for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2012 and 2011:

|  | Year Ended June 30, |
|  | 2012 |  |  | 2011
Net Sales |  |  | 100 | % |  |  | 100 | %
Cost of sales |  |  | 86.6 | % |  |  | 76.6 | %
Gross Margin |  |  | 13.4 | % |  |  | 23.4 | %
Operating expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
General and administrative |  |  | 22.6 | % |  |  | 23.1 | %
Selling |  |  | 1.9 | % |  |  | 1.4 | %
Research and development |  |  | 0.9 | % |  |  | 0.7 | %
Impairment loss |  |  | 0.6 | % |  |  | 0.2 | %
Gain on disposal of PP&E |  |  | 0.0 | % |  |  | (0.4 | %)
Total operating expenses |  |  | 26.0 | % |  |  | 25.0 | %
Loss from Operations |  |  | (12.6 | %) |  |  | (1.6 | %)

Overall Revenue
The overall revenue is composed of the revenues from the manufacturing, testing services, distribution, real estate and fabrication services segments. The following table presents the components of the overall revenue realized in fiscal 2012 and 2011 in percentage format, respectively.

|  | Year Ended June 30, |
|  | 2012 |  | 2011
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |
Manufacturing |  |  | 49.6 | % |  |  | 54.9 | %
Testing |  |  | 37.8 | % |  |  | 36.9 | %
Distribution |  |  | 3.1 | % |  |  | 2.7 | %
Real Estate |  |  | 0.4 | % |  |  | 3.0 | %
Fabrication Services |  |  | 9.1 | % |  |  | 2.5 | %
Total |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  | 100.0 | %

Net sales in fiscal 2012 were $34,211 a decrease of $1,324, or 3.7%, compared to $35,535 in fiscal 2011. The decrease in net sales was primarily due to a decrease in sales from our manufacturing and distribution segments in the first two quarters of fiscal year 2012 as compared to the same period of last fiscal year.
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As a percentage of total revenue, the revenue generated by the manufacturing segment in fiscal 2012 accounted for 49.6% of total sales, representing a decrease of 5.3%, compared to 54.9% in fiscal 2011. In terms of dollar amount, the revenue generated by the manufacturing segment in fiscal 2012 was $16,955, reflecting a decrease of $2,537, or 13.0%, compared to $19,492 in fiscal 2011. The decrease in revenue generated by the manufacturing segment is attributable mainly to the decrease in manufacturing revenue from TTI Singapore in the first and second quarter of fiscal year 2012 as compared to the same period of last fiscal year. We believe that this decrease was triggered by the economic slowdown and the demand for our customers’ products which affected sales from the third quarter of fiscal year 2011 and continued until the second quarter of 2012. We believe the economy started to pick up from the third quarter of fiscal year 2012 and in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2012 our manufacturing revenue was $6,972, an increase of $ 4,197 from $2,775 for the same period in the previous fiscal year.
The backlog in the manufacturing segment was $4,321 at June 30, 2012, representing an increase of $2,242 from $2,079 at June 30, 2011. We expect the orders for our products to increase at the beginning of fiscal 2013 based on our belief that the demand for our customers’ products is increasing.
As a percentage of total revenue, the revenue generated by the testing services segment in fiscal 2012 accounted for 37.8% of total sales, an increase of 0.9 % compared to 36.9% in fiscal year 2011. However, in terms of absolute dollar amount, the revenue generated by the testing services segment for fiscal year 2012 was $12,922, reflecting a decrease of $204, or 1.6%, compared to $13,126 for fiscal 2011. The decrease in revenue generated by the testing segment was primarily due to the drop in testing revenue from our Malaysian operations, which was offset by an increase in sales volume in our Tianjin, Suzhou and Singapore operations. It is difficult to accurately forecast fluctuations in the market. We believe it is necessary to maintain testing facilities in close proximity to our customers in order to make it convenient for them to send us their newly manufactured parts for testing and to enable us to maintain a share of the market.
Backlog in the testing services segment at June 30, 2012 was $2,292, an increase of $1,422 compared to $870 at June 30, 2011. The increase in backlog was mainly from our Malaysia and Tianjin operations. We received orders from one of our major customer as the demand for their products increased.
As a percentage of total revenue, the revenue generated by the distribution segment in fiscal years 2012 and 2011 accounted for 3.1% and 2.7% of total sales, respectively. In terms of dollar amount, revenue generated by the distribution segment for fiscal year 2012 was $1,075, an increase of $120, or 12.6%, compared to $955 for fiscal year 2011. The increase in revenue was mainly attributable to the increase in revenue from a major customer and a few new customers.
The backlog in the distribution segment at June 30, 2012 was $290, reflecting a decrease of $27, compared to the backlog of $317 at June 30, 2011. The decrease in backlog was mainly due to the orders from our customers which are highly dependent on the demand for the customer’s products. Product volume for the distribution segment depends on sales activities such as placing orders, queries on products and backlog. Equipment and electronic component sales are very competitive, as the products are readily available in the market.
As a percentage of total revenue, the revenue generated by the real estate segment in fiscal year 2012 accounted for 0.4% of total sales, a decrease of 2.6% compared to 3.0% for fiscal year 2011. In terms of dollar value, revenue for fiscal year 2012 was $148, a decrease of $914 compared to $1,062 for fiscal year 2011. This revenue was generated solely by one of our China subsidiaries. The reduction in revenue was due to the loss of rental revenue caused by the disposal of four commercial units in the third quarter of fiscal 2011.
As a percentage of total revenue, the revenue generated by the fabrication services segment in fiscal year 2012 accounted for 9.1% an increase of 6.6% compared to 2.5% for fiscal 2011. In terms of dollar amount, revenue from the fabrication segment for fiscal year 2012 was $3,111, an increase of $2,211, or 245.7%, compared to $900 for fiscal year 2011. The revenue increased significantly due to four major projects carried out in fiscal year 2012 which were of a higher value compared to smaller projects carried out in fiscal 2011.
The backlog in the fabrication services segment at June 30, 2012 was $247, reflecting a decrease of $1,688, compared to a backlog of $1,935 at June 30, 2011. Our Fabrication segment suffered continued operating losses since it commenced operation in fiscal year 2009. Subsequent to the year end, management determined to terminate the lease of the its fabrication and, pursuant to the terms of the lease, gave the landlord the notice of termination. Going forward, management intends to outsource fabrication project to a service providers who have the facilities to undertake such projects. Management expects to achieve the benefits of operating with lower fixed costs.
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Overall Gross Margin
Overall gross margin as a percentage of revenue was 13.4% in fiscal 2012, a decrease of 10% compared to 23.4% in fiscal 2011. The decrease in gross margin as a percentage of revenue was due to a decrease in gross margin mainly in the testing service and real estate segments, which was partially offset by the decrease in gross losses in the fabrication segments. In terms of dollar value, the overall gross profit for fiscal 2012 was $4,585, a decrease of $3,734, or 44.9%, compared to $8,319 for fiscal 2011.
The gross profit margin as a percentage of revenue in the manufacturing segment was 15.8% in fiscal 2012, an increase of 2.0% compared to 13.8% in fiscal 2011. As our manufacturing volume increased, the utilization of our manufacturing facilities in fiscal year 2012 compared with the prior year was higher, so the fixed costs were spread over the increased output, which caused the improvement in profit margin. In terms of dollar amount, gross profits for the manufacturing segment in fiscal 2012 were $2,674, a decrease of $17, or 0.6%, compared to $2,691 in fiscal 2011.
The gross profit margin as a percentage of revenue in the testing services segment was 17.5% in fiscal 2012, a decrease of 19.0% compared to 36.5% in fiscal 2011. In terms of dollar amounts, gross profit in the testing services segment in fiscal 2012 was $2,263, a decrease of $2,524, or 52.7%, compared to $4,787 in fiscal 2011. The decrease in gross profit margin was primarily due to a decrease in testing volume, which resulted in under utilization of our facilities. Significant portions of our operating costs are fixed in the testing services segment, thus as service demands drop and factory utilization decreases, the fixed costs are spread over the decreased output, which reduces the absolute dollar value of profit margin.
The gross margin as a percentage of revenue in the distribution segment was 15.3% in fiscal 2012, a decrease of 7.1% compared to 22.4% in fiscal 2011. In terms of dollar amount, gross profit in the distribution segment was $164 in fiscal 2012, a decrease of $50 compared to $214 in fiscal 2011. This decrease was mainly due to a decrease in revenue especially in the area of customized technical support and component sales to our customers, which generates a higher margin compared to other products produced by other manufactures. The gross margin of the distribution segment was not only affected by the market price of our products, but also our product mix, which changes frequently as a result of changes in market demand.
The gross margin as a percentage of revenue in the real estate segment was 25.7% in fiscal 2012, a decrease of 56.1% compared to 81.8% in fiscal 2011. In absolute dollar amount, gross profit in the real estate segment was $38 in fiscal 2012, a decrease of $831, or 95.6%, compared to $869 in fiscal 2011. The decrease in the gross profit margin as a percentage of revenue in the real estate segment was due to the absence of investment income in fiscal 2012, since the property development project was completed in fiscal 2011 and there was lower rental income in fiscal 2012 due to the disposal of rental property investment in fiscal year 2011, as mentioned previously,
The gross margin as a percentage of revenue in the fabrication services segment was negative 17.8% in fiscal 2012, an improvement of 9.1% compared to negative 26.9 % in fiscal 2011. In absolute dollar amount, gross loss in the fabrication services segment in fiscal 2012 was $554, an increase of $312, compared to $242 in fiscal 2011, mainly due to the increase in cost of the fabrication projects and impairment of fixed assets amounting to $216. The cost of sales of this operation mainly consisted of rental expenses of the yard, depreciation expenses, material cost and direct labor cost of fabrication projects. With the increase in revenue, the gross loss decreased as the fixed costs were absorbed by the increased revenue.
Operating Expenses
Operating expenses for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2012 and 2011 were as follows:

|  | Year Ended June 30, |
(In Thousands) |  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |
General and administrative |  | $ | 7,737 |  |  | $ | 8,219 |
Selling |  |  | 633 |  |  |  | 511 |
Research and development |  |  | 295 |  |  |  | 250 |
Impairment loss |  |  | 216 |  |  |  | 72 |
Gain (loss) on disposal of PP&E |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | (147 | )
Total operating expenses |  | $ | 8,885 |  |  | $ | 8,905 |

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General and administrative expenses decreased by $482, or 5.9%, from $8,219 in fiscal 2011 as compared to $7,737 in fiscal year 2012. The decrease in general and administrative expenses was mainly due to the decrease in payroll related expenses in the Singapore operation as a result of reduction in headcount.
Selling expenses increased by $122, or 23.9%, to $633 in fiscal year 2012 from $511 in fiscal 2011, mainly due to an increase in travel expenses in the testing services segment in an effort to increase sales.
Research and development increased by $45, or 18.0%, from $250 for fiscal year 2011 to $295 for fiscal year 2012, mainly due to the increase in researching and developing efforts in the Singapore manufacturing operations.
Impairment loss increased by $144, or 200%, to $216 in fiscal 2012 from $72 in fiscal 2011. We performed an assessment of the carrying value of our property, plant and equipment balance during the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2012. As we expect very little future cash flows from the assets in the fabrication services segment, the Company recorded an impairment loss of $216 on these assets based on its examination of future undiscounted cash flows. The impairment loss of $72 in fiscal year 2011 was for one intangible asset, the Welder Performance Qualification Test (“WPQT”), for the fabrication services segment in the Indonesia operations. The WPQT is related to the qualification required for certain fabrication jobs. With the new project secured in June 2011, the operation management team assessed the existing WPQT during the fourth quarter when the new projects were received and, in accordance with ASC Topic 350, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other, and concluded the WPQT is not the most up to date qualification that meets the requirement of the specific project, and no future cash flow will be generated by this intangible asset. Therefore, the WPQT was fully impaired in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2011.
Loss from Operations
Loss from operations increased by $3,714 to $4,300 in fiscal 2012 compared to $586 in fiscal 2011, mainly due to a decrease in revenue and gross margin, which was partially offset by a decrease in operating expenses, as previously discussed.
Interest Expenses
The interest expenses for fiscal years 2012 and 2011 were as follows:

|  | Year Ended June 30, |
(In Thousands) |  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |
Interest expenses |  | $ | 301 |  |  | $ | 243 |

Interest expenses increased by $58, or 23.9%, to $301 in fiscal year 2012 from $243 in fiscal 2011. The increase in interest expenses was mainly due to an increase in capital leases for machinery and equipment in the Malaysia operation and increased utilization of the line of credit for working capital needs by the Singapore operations.
Other Income, Net
Other income, net for fiscal years 2012 and 2011 was as follows:

| Year Ended June 30, |
(In Thousands) | 2012 |  | 2011 |
Interest income | $ | 291 |  | $ | 187 |
Other rental income |  | 39 |  |  | 51 |
Exchange (loss) gain |  | (431 | ) |  | 83 |
Other miscellaneous income |  | 277 |  |  | 381 |
Total | $ | 176 |  | $ | 702 |

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The other miscellaneous income of $277 as at June 30, 2012 mainly included an allowance for obsolete stocks amounting to $32 charged to statement of comprehensive income in fiscal year 2011 which has been utilized during fiscal year 2012 and hence was classified under other income, an amount of $38 charged to a customer for the usage of utility as a one-time order and hence classified as other income, an amount of $79 received for the disposal of the option to purchase 15% of the investment in the joint venture and disposal of scrap amounted to $19 was classified as other incomes . The other miscellaneous income of $381 as at June 30, 2011 included reversal of contingent liability of $111 relating to the termination of a performance bond securing a contract, which bond is no longer required as the contract has been fulfilled, an allowance for stock obsolescence amounting to $110 charged to statement of comprehensive income in fiscal year 2010 which was utilized during fiscal year 2011 and hence was classified under other income, and an amount of $80 charged to a customer for the usage of utility as a one-time order and hence classified as other income. Interest income included approximately $291 for fiscal 2012 as compared to $170 in fiscal 2011, which represented the income from investment, which was reclassified as a loan receivable based on ASC Topic 325.
Income Tax
Income tax benefit for fiscal year 2012 was $65, a decrease of $260 compared to income tax expense of $195 for fiscal 2011. The decrease in income tax expenses was mainly due to a decrease in deferred tax liability as a result of the disposal of certain idle fixed assets for the Singapore operations. It was partially offset by an increase in tax expenses in the Chongqing operation as a result of an increase in net income from our real estate segment.
As at June 30, 2012, we had net operating expense loss carry forwards of approximately $443 and $1,005 for federal and state tax purposes, respectively, expiring through 2022. We also had tax credit carry forwards of approximately $834 for federal income tax purposes, expiring through 2032. We are uncertain whether these tax benefits will be realized. Accordingly, no impact of this tax position was recognized in the statement of operations for fiscal 2012. We did not include any potential income tax position in federal and state income tax returns currently filed.
Loss from Discontinued Operations
Loss from discontinued operations was $4 in both fiscal 2012 and 2011.
Non-controlling Interest
As of June 30, 2012, we held a 55% interest in Trio-Tech (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd., Trio-Tech (Kuala Lumpur) Sdn. Bhd., SHI International Pte. Ltd., Singapore, PTSHI Indonesia, SHI Singapore. The non-controlling interest in the net loss for fiscal 2012 was $1,271, an increase of $1,624 compared to the non-controlling interest in the net income of $353 for fiscal 2011. The increase in the non-controlling interest in the net loss of the subsidiaries was attributable to the loss generated by the Malaysia operation and an increase in loss generated by the Indonesia operation, as compared to last fiscal year. SHI International Pte. Ltd., Singapore is an investment holding company of PT SHI Indonesia.
Net Loss
Net loss for fiscal 2012 was $3,104, an increase of $2,416 compared to $688 for fiscal 2011. The increase in net loss was mainly due to a decrease in revenue and gross margin, as previously discussed.
Loss per Share
Basic and diluted loss per share from continuing operations for fiscal 2012 increased by $0.73 to $0.94 from basic and diluted loss per share from continuing operations of $0.21 in the prior year.
Basic and diluted loss per share from discontinued operations for fiscal 2012 and fiscal 2011 was nil.
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Segment Information
The revenue, gross margin and income (loss) from each segment for fiscal 2012 and fiscal 2011 are presented below. As the segment revenue and gross margin for each segment have been discussed in the previous section, only the comparison of income (loss) from operations is discussed below.
Manufacturing Segment
The revenue, gross margin and loss from operations for the manufacturing segment for fiscal years 2012 and 2011 were as follows:

|  | Year Ended June 30,
(In Thousands) |  | 2012 |  |  |  | 2011 |
Revenue | $ | 16,955 |  |  | $ | 19,492 |
Gross margin |  | 15.8 | % |  |  | 13.8 | %
Loss from operations | $ | (390 | ) |  | $ | (953 | )

Loss from operations in the manufacturing segment decreased by $563 to $390 in fiscal 2012 from $953 in fiscal 2011. The decrease in operating loss was attributable to a decrease in gross loss of $18 and a decrease in operating expenses of $580. Operating expenses for the manufacturing segment were $3,064 and $3,644 for fiscal years 2012 and 2011, respectively. The decrease in operating expense was mainly due to a decrease in headcount and the related payroll expenses and lower material costs.
Testing Services Segment
The revenue, gross margin and (loss) income from operations for the testing services segment for fiscal years 2012 and 2011 were as follows:

|  | Year End June 30, |
(In Thousands) |  | 2012 |  |  |  | 2011 |
Revenue | $ | 12,922 |  |  | $ | 13,126 |
Gross margin |  | 17.5 | % |  |  | 36.5 | %
(Loss) / Income from operations | $ | (1,664 | ) |  | $ | 978 |

Loss from operations in the testing services segment in fiscal 2012 was $1,664 compared to income of $978 in fiscal 2011. The operating loss was attributable to a lower sales volume in one of our testing operations resulting in the decrease in gross profits of $2,523 and an increase in operating expenses of $118. Operating expenses were $3,927 and $3,809 for fiscal years 2012 and 2011, respectively. The increase in operating expenses was mainly due to an increase in equipment and machinery maintenance fees and travel expenses in the Tianjin testing operations, which commenced operation in the third quarter of fiscal year 2011.
Distribution Segment
The revenue, gross margin and income from operations for the distribution segment for fiscal years 2012 and 2011 were as follows:

|  | Year Ended June 30, |
(In Thousands) |  | 2012 |  |  |  | 2011 |
Revenue | $ | 1,075 |  |  | $ | 955 |
Gross margin |  | 15.3 | % |  |  | 22.4 | %
Income from operations | $ | 89 |  |  | $ | 138 |

Income from operations in the distribution segment decreased by $49 to $89 in fiscal 2012, compared to $138 in fiscal 2011. The decrease in operating income was mainly due to a decrease in gross margin of $50, which was caused by a change in the product mix year over year. The operating expenses were $75 in fiscal 2012 as compared to $76 in fiscal 2011.
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Real Estate
The revenue, gross margin and (loss) income from operations for the real estate segment for fiscal years 2012 and 2011 were as follows:

|  | Year Ended June 30, |
(In Thousands) |  | 2012 |  |  |  | 2011 |
Revenue | $ | 1488 |  |  | $ | 1,062 |
Gross margin |  | 25.7 | % |  |  | 81.8 | %
(Loss) / Income from operations | $ | (129 | ) |  | $ | 761 |

Loss from operations in the real estate segment was $129 in fiscal 2012, compared to an income of $761 in fiscal 2011. In the absence of the investment income in fiscal 2012 which was in existence in fiscal 2011 and due to the disposal of certain property in China which generated rental income in fiscal 2011, the revenue from the real estate segment was lower in fiscal 2012. The operating loss was attributable to a decrease in gross profits of $831 and an increase in operating expenses of $59. Operating expenses were $167 for fiscal 2012 compared to $108 for fiscal 2011. In the fiscal 2011 the operating expenses were lower due to a disposal gain of four commercial units amounting to $153 and due to less frequent travel in fiscal 2012 as the investment in the joint venture was treated as a passive investment and did not require constant traveling to China.
Fabrication Services
The revenue, gross margin and loss from operations for the fabrication services segment for fiscal years 2012 and 2011 were as follows:

|  | Year Ended June 30, |
(In Thousands) | 2012 |  |  | 2011
Revenue | $ | 3,111 |  |  | $ | 900 |
Gross margin |  | (17.8% | ) |  |  | (26.9% | )
Loss from operations | $ | (1,704 | ) |  | $ | (987 | )

Loss from operations in the fabrication services segment increased by $717 to $1,704 in fiscal 2012, as compared to $987 in fiscal 2011. The increase in operating loss was attributable to an increase in gross loss of $312 and an increase in operating expenses of $405. Operating expenses were $1,150 in fiscal 2012 as compared to $745 in fiscal 2011. The increase in the operating expense was mainly because of the increase in the scale of operations and an increase in impairment expenses of $144 in fiscal year 2012 as compared to fiscal year 2011. As this segment suffered continued operating losses since it commenced operation in fiscal year 2009, subsequent to the year end, management determined to terminate the lease of the its fabrication yard and, pursuant to the terms of the lease, gave the landlord the notice of termination. Going forward, management intends to outsource fabrication project to a service providers who have the facilities to undertake such projects. Management expects to achieve the benefits of operating with lower fixed costs.
Corporate
The following table presents the loss from operations for Corporate for fiscal years 2012 and 2011, respectively:

|  | Year Ended June 30, |
(In Thousands) | 2012 |  |  | 2011
Loss from operations | $ | (502 | ) |  | $ | (523 | )

Corporate operating loss decreased by $21 to $502 in fiscal 2012, as compared to $523 in fiscal 2011. The decrease in operating loss was mainly due to the lower stock option expenses for fiscal year 2012 of $ 204 as compared to $630 for last fiscal year, resulting in a decrease of $ 426, which was offset by a decrease in recharge of corporate expenses allocated to subsidiaries. Corporate expenses are recharged based on revenues generated by the subsidiaries, and because the revenue generated by the subsidiaries was lower for fiscal year 2012 as compared to the same period of last fiscal year, the corporate expenses allocated to subsidiaries were lower.
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Liquidity
The Company’s core businesses, testing services, manufacturing and distribution, operate in a volatile industry, whereby its average selling prices and product costs are influenced by competitive factors. These factors create pressures on sales, costs, earnings and cash flows, which impact liquidity.
Net cash used by operating activities during fiscal 2012 was $3,660, an increase of $8,211 from cash provided in operating activities of $4,551 in fiscal 2011. The increase in net cash usage by operating activities for fiscal year 2012 was primarily due to an increase in net loss of $4,040. In addition, there was a cash outflow of $12,320 from change in account receivables and other receivables in fiscal year 2012 as compared to fiscal year 2011, which was partially offset by an increase in cash inflow of $10,224 from changes in accounts payable and accrued expenses in fiscal 2012 as compared to fiscal 2011. Due to the increase in revenue in the fourth quarter of 2012, trade receivables increased as most of which are not yet due for collection, resulting in higher cash outflow from the change in account receivables. .
Net cash used in investing activities was $1,614 in fiscal year 2012, a decrease of $1,394, compared to $3,008 for fiscal 2011. The decrease in net cash used in investing activities was mainly due to a decrease of $2,393 in capital expenditure. The capital expenditure in cash was $1,603 and $3,996 for fiscal year 2012 and fiscal year 2011, respectively. The capital expenditure in fiscal 2012 was primarily for the purchase of machinery and equipment for the testing services segment in the Tianjin and Malaysia operations, whereas the capital expenditure in fiscal 2011 was primarily for the Tianjin operation, which started operation in the third quarter of fiscal 2011.
Net cash provided by financing activities for fiscal year 2012 was $3,692, representing an increase of $5,123 compared to the net cash used by financing activities of $1,431 for fiscal 2011. Our Singapore operation had cash inflows from lines of credit of $2,492 and proceeds from a bank loan of $2,081 of which the short-term loan of $881 was repaid during the first quarter of fiscal 2012.
We believe our liquidity position was able to sustain the operating activities with less cash used in investing and financing activities.
Capital Resources
Our working capital (defined as current assets minus current liabilities) has historically been generated primarily from the following sources: operating cash flow, availability under our revolving line of credit and short-term loans. The working capital was $5,196 as of June 30, 2012, representing a decrease of $2,060, or 28.4%, compared to working capital of $7,256 as of June 30, 2011. The decrease was mainly due to a decrease in cash and cash equivalents and an increase in line of credit and accounts payable, which was partially offset by an increase in trade accounts receivables and other receivables, as discussed above.
The majority of our capital expenditures are based on demands from our customers, as we are operating in a capital intensive industry. Our capital expenditures were $1,603 and $3,996 for fiscal 2012 and fiscal 2011 respectively. The decrease in capital expenditure was mainly due to the completion of construction of our Tianjin facility, which commenced operation in the third quarter of fiscal year 2011.
Our credit rating provides us with ready and adequate access to funds in the global market. At June 30, 2012, we had available unused lines of credit totaling $3,068.

Entity with | Type of | Interest |  | Expiration |  |  | Credit |  |  | Unused |
Facility | Facility | Rate |  | Date |  |  | Limitation |  |  | Credit |
Trio-Tech Singapore | Line of credit | with interest rates ranging from 1.77% to 6.04% |  |  | -- |  |  |  | 6,673 |  |  |  | 3,068 |
Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 6,673 |  |  | $ | 3,068 |

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We believe that projected cash flow from operations, borrowing availability under our revolving lines of credit, cash on hand, and trade credit will provide the necessary capital to meet our projected cash requirements for at least the next 12 months. Should we find attractive capital investment, we may seek additional debt or equity financing in order to fund the transaction, in the form of bank financing, convertible debt, or the issuance of Common Stock.
Corporate Guarantee Arrangement
We did not provide any corporate guarantee during fiscal 2012 or fiscal 2011.
Off Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not consider the Company to have any off balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.
ITEM 7A – QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
As a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, we are not required to provide the information required by this item.
ITEM 8 - FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
The information called for by this item is included in the Company's consolidated financial statements beginning on page F-1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
ITEM 9 – CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
ITEM 9A – CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
An evaluation was carried out by the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer (the principal executive and principal financial officers, respectively, of the Company) of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of June 30, 2012, the end of the period covered by this Form 10-K. Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, 2012.
Additionally, management has the responsibility for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for the Company and thus also assessed the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting as of June 30, 2012. Management used the framework set forth in the report entitled “Internal Control – Integrated Framework” published by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission to evaluate the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Internal control over financial reporting refers to the process designed by, or under the supervision of, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, and effected by our Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purpose in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, and includes those policies and procedures that:

1. | Pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company;

2. | Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorization of management and directors of the Company; and

3. | Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

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Internal control over financial reporting cannot provide absolute assurance of achieving financial reporting objectives because of its inherent limitations. Internal control over financial reporting is a process that involves human diligence and compliance and is subject to lapses in judgment and breakdowns resulting from human failures. Internal control over financial reporting also can be circumvented by collusion or improper management override. Because of such limitations, there is a risk that material misstatements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial reporting. However, these inherent limitations are known features of the financial reporting process. Therefore, it is possible to design into the process safeguards to reduce, though not eliminate, the risk.
Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting were effective as of June 30, 2012.
ITEM 9B – OTHER INFORMATION
None.
PART III
The information required by Items 10 through 14 of Part III of this Form 10-K (information regarding our directors and executive officers, executive compensation, security ownership of certain beneficial owners, management, related stockholder matters, and certain relationships and related transactions and principal accountant fees and services, respectively) is hereby incorporated by reference from the Company's Proxy Statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of fiscal 2012.
PART IV
ITEM 15 – EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a) (1 and 2) FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SCHEDULES:

| The following financial statements, including notes thereto and the independent auditors' report with respect thereto, are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, starting on page F-1 hereof:

1. Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
2 Report of Independent Public Accounting Firm
3 Consolidated Balance Sheets
4. Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income
5. Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity
6. Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
7. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
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b) EXHIBITS:
Number Description

3.1 | Articles of Incorporation, as currently in effect. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 1988.]

3.2 | Bylaws, as currently in effect. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 1988.]

10.1 | Credit Facility Letter dated January 4, 2001, between Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd. and Standard Chartered Bank. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2001.]

10.2 | 1998 Stock Option Plan. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1 to the Company’s proxy statement filed under regulation 14A on October 27, 1997.] **

10.3 | Directors Stock Option Plan. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2 to the Company’s proxy statement filed under regulation 14A on October 27, 1997.] **

10.4 | Real Estate Lease dated February 1, 1999 between Martinvale Development Company and Universal Systems. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 1999.]

10.5 | Real Estate Lease dated February 16, 2001 between JTC Corporation and Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd. for Block 1004 Toa Payoh North #07-01/07 and #03-01/03. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2001.]

10.6 | Real Estate Lease dated May 13, 1999 between JTC Corporation and Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd. for Block 1004 Toa Payoh North #03-16/17. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2001.]

10.7 | Real Estate Lease dated October 13, 1999 between JTC Corporation and Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd. for Block 1004 Toa Payoh North #01-08/15. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2001.]

10.8 | Real Estate Lease dated December 7, 2000 between JTC Corporation and Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd. for Block 1004 Toa Payoh North #01-16/17. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2001.]

10.9 | Real Estate Lease dated January 3, 2000 between JTC Corporation and Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd. for Block 1008 Toa Payoh North #03-01/06. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2001.]

10.10 | Real Estate Lease dated October 13, 1999 between JTC Corporation and Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd. for Block 1008 Toa Payoh North #03-09/15 and #03-16/18. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2001.]

10.11 | Real Estate Lease dated May 2, 2000 between JTC Corporation and Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd. for Block 1008 Toa Payoh North #01-08. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2001.]

10.12 | Real Estate Lease dated September 12, 2000 between JTC Corporation and Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd. for Block 1008 Toa Payoh North #07-17/18. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2001.]

10.13 | Real Estate Lease dated October 30, 2000 between JTC Corporation and Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd. for Block 1008 Toa Payoh North #07-01. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2001.]

10.14 | Real Estate Lease dated February 26, 2002 between JTC Corporation and Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd. for Block 1004 Toa Payoh North #02-11/15. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2002.]

10.15 | Real Estate Lease dated June 10, 2002 between JTC Corporation and Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd. for Block 1004 Toa Payoh North #02-08/10. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2002.]

10.16 | Credit Facility Letter dated November 16, 2001 and June 24, 2002, between Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd. and Standard Chartered Bank. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2002.]

10.17 | Credit Facility Letter dated July 24, 2002, between Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd. and OCBC Bank. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2002.]

10.18 | Credit Facility Letter dated May 21, 2002, between Trio-Tech (M) Sdn Bhd and HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2002.]

10.19 | Credit Facility Letter dated January 22, 2002, between Trio-Tech (KL) Sdn Bhd and Public Bank Berhad. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2002.]

10.20 | Real Estate Lease dated November 8, 2001 between Elbar Investments, L.P. and Trio-Tech International for 14731 Califa Street, Van Nuys. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 23.1 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2002.]

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10.21 | Amendment to the Directors Stock Option Plan [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2002.] **

10.22 | Credit Facility Letter dated January 28, 2003, between Trio-Tech (M) Sdn Bhd and HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2003.]

10.23 | Credit Facility Letter dated September 20, 2002, between KTS Incorporated and Bank of America. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2003.]

10.24 | Real Estate Lease dated January 12, 2001 between JTC Corporation and Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd. for Toa Payoh North #01-S3/S4. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.24 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2003.]

10.25 | Sales and Purchase Agreement, dated March 29, 2004 between TS Matrix BHD. and Trio Tech (Malaysia) SDN BHD. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on July 15, 2004.]

10.26 | Real Estate Sublease, dated July 1, 2004 between TS Matrix BHD. and Trio Tech (Malaysia) SDN. BHD. for factory lot no. 11A Kawansan MIEL Sungai Way Baru (FTZ), Phase III Selangor Darul Ehsan. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Amended Form 8-K filed on August 20, 2004.]

10.27 | Real Estate Lease dated April 28, 2004 between JTC Corporation and Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd. for Block 1004 Toa Payoh North #04-14/16 and #04-17.[Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.27 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2004.]

10.28 | Real Estate Lease dated April 28, 2004 between JTC Corporation and Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd. for Block 1004 Toa Payoh North #03-08/10.[Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.28 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2004.]

10.29 | Real Estate Lease dated April 19, 2004 between JTC Corporation and Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd. for Block 1008 Toa Payoh North #02-17.[Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.29 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2004.]

10.30 | Real Estate Lease dated May 26, 2004 between JTC Corporation and Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd. for Block 1008 Toa Payoh North #02-15/16.[Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.30 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2004.]

10.31 | Credit Facility Letter dated July 7, 2003, between Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd. and Hong Leong Finance Limited.[Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.31 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2004.]

10.32 | Credit Facility Letter dated October 2, 2003, between Trio-Tech Bangkok and Kasikornbank Public Company Limited. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.32 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2004.]

10.33 | Credit Facility Letter dated October 7, 2003, between Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd, and DBS Bank Ltd. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.33 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2004.]

10.34 | Credit Facility Letter dated August 11, 2003 between Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd. and Standard Chartered Bank. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.34 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2004.]

10.35 | Letter of Offer, dated June 3, 2005 between Globetronics Technology BHD. and Trio Tech International PTE. LTD. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on June 8, 2005.]

10.36 | Real Estate Lease, dated December 1, 2003 between Trio Tech (Malaysia) SDN. BHD. and Amphenol Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. for factory plot no. 1A Phase 1, Bayan Lepas Free Trade Zone, 11900 Pulau Pinang. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.36 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2005.]

10.37 | Real Estate Lease dated December 6, 2004 between Malaysian Industrial Estates Berhad and Trio Tech (Malaysia) SDN. BHD. for factory lot no. 4 Kawansan MIEL Sungai Way Baru (FTZ), Phase III Selangor Darul Ehsan. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.37 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2005.]

10.38 | Real Estate Lease dated September 28, 2004 between Ascendas-Xinsu Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. and Trio Tech (SIP) Co., Ltd. for Block B #05-01/02 room 6 in Suzhou Industrial Park, China 215021. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.38 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2005.]

10.39 | Real Estate Lease, dated November 8, 2004 between JTC Corporation and Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd. for Block 1008 Toa Payoh North #03-07/08. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.39 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2005.]

10.40 | Real Estate Lease, dated September 10, 2003 between JTC Corporation and Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd. for Block 1008 Toa Payoh North #01-09/11. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.40 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2005.]

10.41 | Credit Facility Letter dated May 10, 2005, between Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd. and DBS Bank Ltd. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10. 41 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2006.]

10.42 | Real Estate Lease, dated July 5, 2005 between JTC Corporation and Universal (Far East) Pte. Ltd. for Block 1008 Toa Payoh North #01-15/16. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10. 42 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2006.]

10.43 | Credit Facility Letter dated September 15, 2005 between Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd. and Standard Chartered Bank. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10. 43 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2006.]

10.44 | Real Estate Lease, dated November 11, 2005 between JTC Corporation and Trio-Tech International Pte Ltd. for Block 1004 Toa Payoh North #03-06/07. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10. 44 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2006.]

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10.45 | Real Estate Lease, dated March 10, 2006 between JTC Corporation and Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd. for Block 1004 Toa Payoh North #04-05/07. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10. 45 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2006.]

10.46 | Credit Facility Letter dated April 6, 2006, between Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd. and Standard Chartered Bank. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10. 46 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2006.]

10.47 | Credit Facility Letter dated April 6, 2006, between Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd, and Standard Chartered Bank. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10. 47 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2006.]

10.48 | Credit Facility Letter dated July 26, 2006, between Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd. and DBS Bank Ltd. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10. 48 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2006.]

10.49 | Credit Facility Letter dated April 19, 2007, between Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd. and Standard Chartered Bank. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10. 49 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2007.]

10.50 | Real Estate Lease, dated February 20, 2006 between JTC Corporation and Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd. for Block 1004 Toa Payoh North #01-08/09/10/11/12/13/14/15 (Ancillary). [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10. 50 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2007.]

10.51 | Real Estate Lease, dated July 31, 2006 between JTC Corporation and Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd. for Block 1004 Toa Payoh North #03-06/07 (Ancillary). [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10. 51 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2007.]

10.52 | Real Estate Lease, dated September 26, 2006 between JTC Corporation and Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd. for Block 1004 Toa Payoh North #03-01/02/03. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10. 52 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2007.]

10.53 | Real Estate Lease, dated September 26, 2006 between JTC Corporation and Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd. for Block 1004 Toa Payoh North #03-16.

10.54 | Real Estate Lease, dated October 11, 2006 between JTC Corporation and Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd. for Block 1004 Toa Payoh North #04-08/09/10. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10. 54 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2007.]

10.55 | Real Estate Lease, dated October 26, 2006 between JTC Corporation and Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd. for Block 1004 Toa Payoh North #07-01/02/03/04/08/06/07 and its ancillary sites. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10. 55 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2007.]

10.56 | Real Estate Lease, dated May 2, 2007 between JTC Corporation and Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd. for Block 1004 Toa Payoh North #04-17, #04-14/15/16 and #03-08/09/10. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10. 56 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2007.]

10.57 | Real Estate Lease, dated December 20, 2005 between JTC Corporation and Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd. for Block 1008 Toa Payoh North #03-07/08 (Ancillary). [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10. 57 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2007.]

10.58 | Real Estate Lease, dated May 9, 2006 between JTC Corporation and Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd. for Block 1008 Toa Payoh North #03-09/10/11/12/14/15/16/17.[Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10. 58 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2007.]

10.59 | Real Estate Lease, dated July 20, 2006 between JTC Corporation and Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd. for Block 1008 Toa Payoh North #01-08. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10. 59 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2007.]

10.60 | Real Estate Lease, dated September 22, 2006 between JTC Corporation and Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd. for Block 1008 Toa Payoh North #02-03/04/05/06. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10. 60 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2007.]

10.61 | Real Estate Lease, dated September 22, 2006 between JTC Corporation and Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd. for Block 1008 Toa Payoh North #02-18. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10. 61 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2007.]

10.62 | Real Estate Lease, dated January 18, 2007 between JTC Corporation and Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd. for Block 1008 Toa Payoh North #07-01. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10. 62 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2007.]

10.63 | Real Estate Lease, dated January 29, 2007 between JTC Corporation and Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd. for Block 1008 Toa Payoh North #07-17/18 and its ancillary site. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10. 63 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2007.]

10.64 | Real Estate Lease, dated February 21, 2007 between JTC Corporation and Universal (Far East) Pte. Ltd. for Block 1008 Toa Payoh North #01-09/10/11. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10. 64 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2007.]

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10.65 | Real Estate Lease, dated August 2, 2007 between JTC Corporation and Universal (Far East) Pte. Ltd. for Block 1008 Toa Payoh North #02-17. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10. 65 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2007.]

10.66 | Real Estate Lease, dated August 2, 2006 between Ascendas-Xinsu Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. and Trio Tech (SIP) Co., Ltd. for Block A #04-13/16 No. 5 Xing Han Street in Suzhou Industrial Park, China 215021. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10. 66 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2007.]

10.67 | Real Estate Lease, dated August 16, 2006 between Ascendas-Xinsu Development (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. and Trio Tech (SIP) Co., Ltd. for Block A #04-11/12 No. 5 Xing Han Street in Suzhou Industrial Park, China 215021.[Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10. 67 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2007.]

10.68 | Credit Facility Letter dated April 4, 2007, between Trio Tech (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd and CIMB Bank (formerly known as Bumiputra-Commerce Bank Berhad) [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10. 68 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2007.]

10.69 | Credit Facility Letter dated May 21, 2007, between Trio Tech (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd and HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10. 69 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2007.]

10.70 | Land Development Agreement dated August 27, 2007 between Trio Tech (Chongqing) Co. Ltd. and JiaSheng Real Property Development Ltd. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8K dated August 30, 2007.]

10.71 | Real Estate Lease, dated August 2, 2006 between Charmant Belt Inc. and Trio-Tech International (U.S. office) for 16139 Wyandotte street, Van Nuys, CA 91406. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10. 2 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for December 31, 2007.]

10.72 | Sales and purchase agreement, dated January 4, 2008, between Trio-Tech (Chongqing) Co., Ltd. and MaoYe Property Ltd. for office units at Jiang Bei No. 21 Road, Chongqing, China. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10. 1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for December 31, 2007.]

10.73 | Real Estate Lease dated October 27, 2007 between JTC Corporation and Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd. for Unit#04-11/12 BLK1004 Toa Payoh North. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.73 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2008.]

10.74 | Real Estate Lease dated September 20, 2007 between JTC Corporation and Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd. for Unit#04-11/12 BLK1004 Toa Payoh North Industry Estate Singapore 318995 [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.74 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2008.]

10.75 | Real Estate Lease dated August 15, 2007 between Lijing Corporation and Trio-Tech (Chongqing) Co., Ltd. for Unit#26-04/05 in Chongqing China [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.75 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2008.]

10.76 | Real Estate Lease dated August 31, 2007 between Shanghai (Waigaoqiao) FTZ New Development Company Ltd. and Trio-Tech (ShangHai) Co., Ltd. for No. 273 Debao Road Factory No. 58 in Shanghai China [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.76 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2008.]

10.77 | Real Estate Lease dated May 9, 2008, between Chongqing JiangBei Weige Bridal and Trio-Tech (Chongqing) Co., Ltd. for JiangBei MaoYe DongFang Square No. 31st floor 15 units of floor space in Shanghai China [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.77 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2008.]

10.78 | Credit Facility Letter dated August 24, 2008, between Trio-Tech (M) Sdn Bhd. and CIMB Bank Malaysia Berhad [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.78 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2008.]

10.79 | Sales and purchase agreement, dated January 8, 2009, between Trio-Tech (Malaysia) Co., Ltd. and TS Matrix Properties Sdn, Bhd. for a building located in Selangor, Malaysia. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.79 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2011.]

10.80 | Joint venture agreement, dated December 1, 2010 between Trio-Tech (Chongqing) Co. Ltd. and JiaSheng Property Development Co., Ltd. to incorporate Chong Qing Jun Zhou Zhi Ye Co. Ltd. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.80 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2011.]

10.81 | Sales and purchase agreement, dated June 17, 2011, between Trio-Tech (Malaysia) Co., Ltd. and Aaeon Technology (M) Sdn, Bhd. for a building located in Penang, Malaysia. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.81 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for June 30, 2011.]

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21.1 | Subsidiaries of the Registrant (100% owned by the Registrant except as otherwise stated)

| Express Test Corporation (Dormant), a California Corporation

| Trio-Tech Reliability Services (Dormant), a California Corporation

| KTS Incorporated, dba Universal Systems (Dormant), a California Corporation

| European Electronic Test Center. Ltd., a Cayman Islands Corporation (Operation ceased on November 1, 2005)

| Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd., a Singapore Corporation

| Universal (Far East) Pte. Ltd., a Singapore Corporation

| Trio-Tech International (Thailand) Co., Ltd., a Thailand Corporation

| Trio-Tech (Bangkok) Co., Ltd., a Thailand Corporation

| Trio-Tech (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd., a Malaysia Corporation (55% owned by the subsidiary of Registrant)

| Trio-Tech (Kuala Lumpur) Sdn Bhd., a Malaysia Corporation (100% owned by Trio-Tech Malaysia)

| Prestal Enterprise Sdn. Bhd., a Malaysia Corporation (76% owned by the Registrant)

| Trio-Tech (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., a China Corporation

| Trio-Tech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., a China Corporation

| Trio-Tech (ChongQing) Co. Ltd., (100% owned by Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd., a Singapore Corporation)

| SHI International Pte. Ltd, a Singapore Corporation (55%owned Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd., a Singapore Corporation)

| PT SHI Indonesia, an Indonesia Corporation (100% owned by SHI International Pte. Ltd., a Singapore Corporation)

| Trio-Tech (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., a China Corporation (100% owned by Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd., a Singapore Corporation)

23.1 | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm*

31.1 | Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Principal Executive Officer of Registrant*

31.2 | Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Principal Financial Officer of Registrant*

32 | Section 1350 Certification. *

101.XML |  | XBRL Instance Document*
101.XSD |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document*
101.CAL |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document*
101.DEF |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document*
101.LAB |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document*
101.PRE |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document*

* As provided in Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, this information shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 11 and 12 of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or otherwise subject to liability under those sections, and shall not be incorporated by reference into any registration statement or other document filed under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, except as expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing.

* Filed electronically herewith.
** Indicates management contracts or compensatory plans or arrangements required to be filed as an exhibit to this report.
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Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

| TRIO-TECH INTERNATIONAL
| By: /s/ Victor H.M. Ting
| VICTOR H.M. TING Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Date: October 9, 2012

Pursuant to the requirement of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacity and on the dates indicated.

| /s/ A. Charles Wilson
| A. Charles Wilson, Director
| Chairman of the Board
| October 9, 2012
| /s/ S.W. Yong
| S.W. Yong, Director
| President, Chief Executive Officer
| (Principal Executive Officer)
| October 9, 2012
| /s/ Victor H.M. Ting
| Victor H.M. Ting
| Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
| (Principal Financial Officer)
| October 9, 2012
| /s/ Jason T. Adelman
| Jason T. Adelman, Director
| October 9, 2012
| /s/ Richard M. Horowitz
| Richard M. Horowitz, Director
| October 9, 2012

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The Board of Directors and Shareholders
Trio-Tech International
Van Nuys, California
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Trio-Tech International and Subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of June 30, 2012 and 2011, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, shareholders' equity and cash flows for the years ended June 30, 2012 and 2011. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audit included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Trio-Tech International and Subsidiaries at June 30, 2012 and 2011 and the results of their operations and their cash flows for the years ended June 30, 2012 and 2011 in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
/s/ Mazars LLP
Mazars LLP
PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS AND
CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS
Singapore
October 9, 2012
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TRIO-TECH INTERNATIONAL AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT NUMBER OF SHARES)

|  | June 30, 2012 |  |  | June 30, 2011 |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |
CURRENT ASSETS: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash & cash equivalents |  | $ | 1,572 |  |  | $ | 3,111 |
Short-term deposits |  |  | 250 |  |  |  | 199 |
Trade accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $122 and $69 |  |  | 11,311 |  |  |  | 6,812 |
Other receivables |  |  | 962 |  |  |  | 309 |
Loan receivable from property development projects |  |  | 1,101 |  |  |  | 1,083 |
Inventories, less provision for obsolete inventory of $884 and $937 |  |  | 2,324 |  |  |  | 2,430 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | 406 |  |  |  | 348 |
Assets held for sale |  |  | 130 |  |  |  | 137 |
Total current assets |  |  | 18,056 |  |  |  | 14,429 |
INVESTMENTS |  |  | 765 |  |  |  | 764 |
INVESTMENT PROPERTY IN CHINA, Net |  |  | 1,815 |  |  |  | 1,238 |
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, Net |  |  | 13,193 |  |  |  | 14,951 |
OTHER ASSETS |  |  | 776 |  |  |  | 1,412 |
RESTRICTED TERM DEPOSITS |  |  | 3,445 |  |  |  | 3,562 |
TOTAL ASSETS |  | $ | 38,050 |  |  | $ | 36,356 |
LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CURRENT LIABILITIES: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Lines of credit |  | $ | 3,605 |  |  | $ | 1,333 |
Accounts payable |  |  | 4,834 |  |  |  | 1,874 |
Accrued expenses |  |  | 3,011 |  |  |  | 3,179 |
Income taxes payable |  |  | 469 |  |  |  | 492 |
Current portion of bank loans payable |  |  | 766 |  |  |  | 147 |
Current portion of capital leases |  |  | 175 |  |  |  | 148 |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 12,860 |  |  |  | 7,173 |
BANK LOANS PAYABLE, net of current portion |  |  | 3,373 |  |  |  | 2,768 |
CAPITAL LEASES, net of current portion |  |  | 221 |  |  |  | 271 |
DEFERRED TAX LIABILITIES |  |  | 497 |  |  |  | 677 |
OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES |  |  | 543 |  |  |  | 490 |
TOTAL LIABILITIES |  | $ | 17,494 |  |  | $ | 11,379 |
COMMITMENT AND CONTINGENCIES |  |  | -- |  |  |  | -- |
EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
TRIO-TECH INTERNATIONAL’S SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common Stock, no par value, 15,000,000 shares authorized; 3,321,555 shares issued and outstanding as at June 30, 2012 and June 30, 2011. |  | $ | 10,531 |  |  | $ | 10,531 |
Paid-in capital |  |  | 2,431 |  |  |  | 2,227 |
Accumulated retained earnings |  |  | 2,687 |  |  |  | 5,791 |
Accumulated other comprehensive gain-translation adjustments |  |  | 3,187 |  |  |  | 3,459 |
Total Trio-Tech International shareholders' equity |  |  | 18,836 |  |  |  | 22,008 |
NON-CONTROLLING INTEREST |  |  | 1,720 |  |  |  | 2,969 |
TOTAL EQUITY |  | $ | 20,556 |  |  | $ | 24,977 |
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY |  | $ | 38,050 |  |  | $ | 36,356 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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TRIO-TECH INTERNATIONAL AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT EARNINGS PER SHARE) |  | Year Ended June 30, |
|  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |
Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |
Products |  | $ | 18,030 |  |  | $ | 20,447 |
Testing services |  |  | 12,922 |  |  |  | 13,126 |
Fabrication services |  |  | 3,111 |  |  |  | 900 |
Others |  |  | 148 |  |  |  | 1,062 |
|  |  | 34,211 |  |  |  | 35,535 |
Cost of Sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of products sold |  |  | 15,192 |  |  |  | 17,542 |
Cost of testing services rendered |  |  | 10,659 |  |  |  | 8,339 |
Cost of fabrication services rendered |  |  | 3,665 |  |  |  | 1,142 |
Others |  |  | 110 |  |  |  | 193 |
|  |  | 29,626 |  |  |  | 27,216 |
Gross Margin |  |  | 4,585 |  |  |  | 8,319 |
Operating Expenses / (Gains): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
General and administrative |  |  | 7,737 |  |  |  | 8,219 |
Selling |  |  | 633 |  |  |  | 511 |
Research and development |  |  | 295 |  |  |  | 250 |
Impairment loss |  |  | 216 |  |  |  | 72 |
Loss / (Gain) on disposal of property, plant and equipment |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | (147 | )
Total operating expenses |  |  | 8,885 |  |  |  | 8,905 |
Loss from Operations |  |  | (4,300 | ) |  |  | (586 | )
Other (Expenses) / Income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense |  |  | (301 | ) |  |  | (243 | )
Other income, net |  |  | 176 |  |  |  | 702 |
Total other (expenses) / income |  |  | (125 | ) |  |  | 459 |
Loss from Continuing Operations before Income Taxes |  |  | (4,425 | ) |  |  | (127 | )
Income Tax (Benefit) / Expense |  |  | (65 | ) |  |  | 195 |
Loss from Continuing Operations before Non-controlling Interest, net of tax |  |  | (4,360 | ) |  |  | (322 | )
Other Operating Activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity in loss of unconsolidated joint venture, net of tax |  |  | (11 | ) |  |  | (9 | )
Discontinued Operations (Note 21) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax |  |  | (4 | ) |  |  | (4 | )
NET LOSS |  |  | (4,375 | ) |  |  | (335 | )
Less: net (loss) / income attributable to the non-controlling interest |  |  | (1,271 | ) |  |  | 353 |
Net Loss Attributable to Trio-Tech International Common Shareholders |  |  | (3,104 | ) |  |  | (688 | )
Amounts Attributable to Trio-Tech International Common Shareholders: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loss from continuing operations, net of tax |  |  | (3,100 | ) |  |  | (684 | )
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax |  |  | (4 | ) |  |  | (4 | )
Net Loss Attributable to Trio-Tech International Common Shareholders |  |  | (3,104 | ) |  |  | (688 | )
Comprehensive (Loss) / Income Attributable to Trio-Tech International Common Shareholders: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss |  |  | (4,375 | ) |  |  | (335 | )
Foreign currency translation, net of tax |  |  | (250 | ) |  |  | 1,448 |
Comprehensive (Loss) / Income |  |  | (4,625 | ) |  |  | 1,113 |
Less: Comprehensive (loss) / income attributable to the non-controlling interest |  |  | (1,249 | ) |  |  | 160 |
Comprehensive (Loss) / Income Attributable to Trio-Tech International Common Shareholders |  |  | (3,376 | ) |  |  | 953 |
Basic and Diluted Loss per Share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic and diluted loss per share from continuing operations attributable to Trio-Tech International |  |  | (0.94 | ) |  |  | (0.21 | )
Basic and diluted loss per share from discontinued operations attributable to Trio-Tech International |  |  | (0.00 | ) |  |  | (0.00 | )
Basic and Diluted Loss per Share from Net Loss Attributable to Trio-Tech International |  |  | (0.94 | ) |  |  | (0.21 | )
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  | 3,288 |  |  |  | 3,288 |
Dilutive effect of stock options |  |  | -- |  |  |  | -- |
Number of shares used to compute earnings per share -- diluted |  |  | 3,288 |  |  |  | 3,288 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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TRIO-TECH INTERNATIONAL AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (IN THOUSANDS)

|  | Common Stock |  |  | Additional Paid-in |  |  | Accumulated Retained |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive |  |  | Non- Controlling |  |  |  |
|  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Capital |  |  | Earnings |  |  | Income |  |  | Interest |  |  | Total |
Balance at June 30, 2010 | 3,227 |  |  | $ | 10,365 |  |  | $ | 1,597 |  |  | $ | 6,486 |  |  | $ | 1,818 |  |  | $ | 2,809 |  |  | $ | 23,075 |
Cash received from stock options exercised |  |  | 95 |  |  |  | 166 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 166 |
Stock option expenses |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 630 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 630 |
Net (loss)/income |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (688 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | 353 |  |  |  | (335 | )
Translation adjustment |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,641 |  |  |  | (193 | ) |  |  | 1,448 |
Dividend |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (7 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (7 | )
Balance at June 30, 2011 | 3,322 |  |  |  | 10,531 |  |  |  | 2,227 |  |  |  | 5,791 |  |  |  | 3,459 |  |  |  | 2,969 |  |  |  | 24,977 |
Cash received from stock options exercised |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Stock option expenses |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 204 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 204 |
Net loss |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (3,104 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (1,271 | ) |  |  | (4,375 | )
Translation adjustment |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (272 | ) |  |  | 22 |  |  |  | (250 | )
Dividend |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Balance at June 30, 2012 | 3,322 |  |  | $ | 10,531 |  |  | $ | 2,431 |  |  | $ | 2,687 |  |  | $ | 3,187 |  |  | $ | 1,720 |  |  | $ | 20,556 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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TRIO-TECH INTERNATIONAL AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOW (IN THOUSANDS)

|  | Year Ended June 30 |
|  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |
Cash Flow from Operating Activities |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss |  | $ | (4,375 | ) |  | $ | (335 | )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash flow provided by operating activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 2,683 |  |  |  | 2,617 |
Bad debt expense, net |  |  | 113 |  |  |  | 78 |
Inventory provision |  |  | (28 | ) |  |  | (58 | )
Warranty ( recovery)/provision, net |  |  | 32 |  |  |  | (93 | )
Accrued interest expense, net of interest income |  |  | 198 |  |  |  | 43 |
Impairment loss |  |  | 216 |  |  |  | 72 |
Loss/(Gain) on sale of property-continued operations |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | (147 | )
Stock compensation |  |  | 204 |  |  |  | 630 |
Deferred tax provision |  |  | (152 | ) |  |  | (235 | )
Loss in equity of unconsolidated JV |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | 9 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisition effects |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivables |  |  | (4,798 | ) |  |  | 6,392 |
Other receivables |  |  | (596 | ) |  |  | 534 |
Other assets |  |  | - |  |  |  | (2 | )
Inventories |  |  | 59 |  |  |  | 1,400 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | (76 | ) |  |  | (12 | )
Investment in property development |  |  | - |  |  |  | 908 |
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities |  |  | 2,862 |  |  |  | (7,362 | )
Income tax payable |  |  | (17 | ) |  |  | 112 |
Other payable |  |  | - |  |  |  | -- |
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities |  |  | (3,660 | ) |  |  | 4,551 |
Cash Flow from Investing Activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(Repayment)/Proceeds from unrestricted and restricted term deposits, net |  |  | (18 | ) |  |  | 1,696 |
Proceeds from investment property in China |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,032 |
Return of Investment in property development project, net |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Loan to property development projects |  |  | - |  |  |  | (1,055 | )
Investment in unconsolidated joint venture |  |  | - |  |  |  | (752 | )
Additions to property, plant and equipment |  |  | (1,603 | ) |  |  | (3,996 | )
Investments in restricted & un-restricted deposits |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | 67 |
Net cash used in investing activities |  |  | (1,614 | ) |  |  | (3,008 | )
Cash Flow from Financing Activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Borrowings / (repayment) on lines of credit, net |  |  | 2,492 |  |  |  | (1,534 | )
Borrowings / (repayment) of bank loans and capital leases, net |  |  | 1,200 |  |  |  | (63 | )
Proceeds from stock options exercised |  |  | - |  |  |  | 166 |
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities |  |  | 3,692 |  |  |  | (1,431 | )
Effect of Changes in Exchange Rate |  |  | 43 |  |  |  | (245 | )
NET DECREASE IN CASH |  |  | (1,539 | ) |  |  | (133 | )
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, BEGINNING OF PERIOD |  |  | 3,111 |  |  |  | 3,244 |
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF PERIOD |  | $ | 1,572 |  |  | $ | 3,111 |
Supplementary Information of Cash Flows |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid / (refund) during the period for: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest |  | $ | 181 |  |  | $ | 13 |
Income taxes |  | $ | 75 |  |  | $ | (399 | )
Non-Cash Transactions |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Capital lease of property, plant and equipment |  | $ | 146 |  |  | $ | 181 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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TRIO-TECH INTERNATIONAL AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
YEARS ENDED JUNE 30, 2012 AND 2011
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT EARNINGS PER SHARE)

1. | BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES.

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation - Trio-Tech International (“the Company” or “TTI” hereafter) was incorporated in fiscal 1958 under the laws of the State of California. TTI provides third-party semiconductor testing and burn-in services primarily through its laboratories in Asia. In addition, TTI operates testing facilities in the United States. The Company also designs, develops, manufactures and markets a broad range of equipment and systems used in the manufacturing and testing of semiconductor devices and electronic components. TTI conducts business in five business segments: Manufacturing, Distribution, Testing Services, Fabrication Services and Real Estate. TTI has subsidiaries in the U.S., Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, China and Indonesia as follows:

|  | Ownership |  |  | Location
Express Test Corporation (Dormant) |  | 100 | % |  | Van Nuys, California
Trio-Tech Reliability Services (Dormant) |  | 100 | % |  | Van Nuys, California
KTS Incorporated, dba Universal Systems (Dormant) |  | 100 | % |  | Van Nuys, California
European Electronic Test Centre (Operation ceased on November 1, 2005) |  | 100 | % |  | Dublin, Ireland
Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd. |  | 100 | % |  | Singapore
Universal (Far East) Pte. Ltd. * |  | 100 | % |  | Singapore
Trio-Tech International (Thailand) Co. Ltd.* |  | 100 | % |  | Bangkok, Thailand
Trio-Tech (Bangkok) Co. Ltd. (49% owned by Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd. and 51% owned by Trio-Tech International (Thailand) Co. Ltd.) |  | 100 | % |  | Bangkok, Thailand
Trio-Tech (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. (55% owned by Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd.) |  | 55 | % |  | Penang and Selangor, Malaysia
Trio-Tech (Kuala Lumpur) Sdn. Bhd. (100% owned by Trio-Tech Malaysia Sdn. Bhd.) |  | 55 | % |  | Selangor, Malaysia
Prestal Enterprise Sdn. Bhd. (76% owned by Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd.) |  | 76 | % |  | Selangor, Malaysia
Trio-Tech (Suzhou) Co. Ltd. * |  | 100 | % |  | Suzhou, China
Trio-Tech (Shanghai) Co. Ltd. * (Dormant) (Operation ceased on January 1, 2010) |  | 100 | % |  | Shanghai, China
Trio-Tech (Chongqing) Co. Ltd. * |  | 100 | % |  | Chongqing, China
SHI International Pte. Ltd. (55% owned by Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd.) |  | 55 | % |  | Singapore
PT SHI Indonesia (100% owned by SHI International Pte. Ltd) |  | 55 | % |  | Batam, Indonesia
Trio-Tech (Tianjin) Co. Ltd. * |  | 100 | % |  | Tianjin, China

* 100% owned by Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd.
The consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (‘‘U.S. GAAP’’). The basis of accounting differs from that used in the statutory financial statements of the Company’s subsidiaries and equity investee companies, which are prepared in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in their respective countries of incorporation. In the opinion of management, the consolidated financial statements have reflected all costs incurred by the Company and its subsidiaries in operating the business.
All dollar amounts in the financial statements and in the notes herein are the United States dollars (‘‘U.S. dollars’’) unless otherwise designated.
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Liquidity - The Company incurred a net loss of $3,104 and $688 for fiscal years 2012 and 2011, respectively.
The Company’s core businesses, manufacturing and distribution and testing services, operate in a volatile industry, whereby its average selling prices and product costs are influenced by competitive factors. These factors create pressures on sales, costs, earnings and cash flows, which will impact liquidity.
Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions — The U.S. dollar is the functional currency of the U.S. parent company. The Singapore dollar, the national currency of Singapore, is the primary currency of the economic environment in which the operations in Singapore are conducted. The Company also operates in Malaysia, Thailand, China and Indonesia, of which the Malaysian ringgit, Thai baht, Chinese remimbi and Indonesian rupiah, respectively, are the national currencies. The Company uses the United States dollar (“U.S. dollar”) for financial reporting purposes.
The Company translates assets and liabilities of its subsidiaries outside the U.S. into U.S. dollars using the rate of exchange prevailing at the fiscal year end, and the statement of operations is translated at average rates during the reporting period. Adjustments resulting from the translation of the subsidiaries’ financial statements from foreign currencies into U.S. dollars are recorded in shareholders' equity as part of accumulated comprehensive gain - translation adjustments. Gains or losses resulting from transactions denominated in currencies other than functional currencies of the Company’s subsidiaries are reflected in income for the reporting period.
Use of Estimates — The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Among the more significant estimates included in these financial statements are the estimated allowance for doubtful accounts receivable, reserve for obsolete inventory, reserve for warranty, impairments and the deferred income tax asset allowance. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates.
Revenue Recognition — Revenue derived from testing services is recognized when testing services are rendered. Revenues generated from sales of products in the manufacturing and distribution segments are recognized when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery of the products has occurred, customer acceptance has been obtained (which means the significant risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred to the customer), the price is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. Certain products sold (in the manufacturing segment) require installation and training to be performed.
Revenue from product sales is also recorded in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 605 (Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) Statement 00-21) Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables and Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) 104 Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements, which generally require revenue earned on product sales involving multiple-elements to be allocated to each element based on the relative fair values of those elements. Accordingly, the Company allocates revenue to each element in a multiple-element arrangement based on the element’s respective fair value, with the fair value determined by the price charged when that element is sold and specifically defined in a quotation or contract. The Company allocates a portion of the invoice value to products sold and the remaining portion of invoice value to installation work in proportion to the fair value of products sold and installation work to be performed. Training elements are valued based on hourly rates, which the Company charges for these services when sold apart from product sales. The fair value determination of products sold and the installation and training work is also based on our specific historical experience of the relative fair values of the elements if there is no easily observable market price to be considered. In fiscal years 2012 and 2011, the installation revenues generated in connection with product sales were immaterial and were included in the product sales revenue line on the consolidated statements of operations.
In the fabrication services segment, which makes large and complex structures employed to process oil and gas and for temporary storage, revenue is recognized from long-term, fixed-price contracts using the percentage-of-completion method of accounting: (1) Input measures - measured by multiplying the estimated total contract value by the ratio of actual contract costs incurred to date to the estimated total contract costs, and (2) Output measures – measured based completion of contract of milestones. The Company makes significant estimates involving its usage of percentage-of-completion accounting to recognize contract revenues. The Company periodically reviews contracts in process for estimates-to-completion, and revises estimated gross profit accordingly. While the Company believes its estimated gross profit on contracts in process is reasonable, unforeseen events and changes in circumstances can take place in a subsequent accounting period that may cause the Company to revise its estimated gross profit on one or more of its contracts in process. Accordingly, the ultimate gross profit realized upon completion of such contracts can vary significantly from estimated amounts between accounting periods.
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In the real estate segment: (1) revenue from property development is earned and recognized on the earlier of the dates when the underlying property is sold or upon the maturity of the agreement. If this amount is uncollectible, the agreement empowers the repossession of the property, and (2) rental revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the respective leases. This means that, with respect to a particular lease, actual amounts billed in accordance with the lease during any given period may be higher or lower than the amount of rental revenue recognized for the period. Straight-line rental revenue is commenced when the tenant assumes possession of the leased premises. Accrued straight-line rents receivable represents the amount by which straight-line rental revenue exceeds rents currently billed in accordance with lease agreements.
GST / Indirect Taxes — The Company’s policy is to present taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities on a net basis. The Company records the amounts collected as a current liability and relieves such liability upon remittance to the taxing authority without impacting revenues or expenses.
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts — During the normal course of business, the Company extends unsecured credit to its customers in all segments. Typically, credit terms require payment to be made between 30 to 90 days from the date of the sale. The Company generally does not require collateral from our customers.
The Company’s management considers the following factors when determining the collectability of specific customer accounts: customer credit-worthiness, past transaction history with the customer, current economic industry trends, and changes in customer payment terms. The Company includes any account balances that are determined to be uncollectible, along with a general reserve, in the overall allowance for doubtful accounts. After all attempts to collect a receivable have failed, the receivable is written off against the allowance. Based on the information available to management, the Company believed that its allowance for doubtful accounts was adequate as of June 30, 2012 and 2011.
Warranty Costs — The Company provides for the estimated costs that may be incurred under its warranty program at the time the sale is recorded in its manufacturing segment. The Company estimates warranty costs based on the historical rates of warranty returns. The Company periodically assesses the adequacy of its recorded warranty liability and adjusts the amounts as necessary.
Cash and Cash Equivalents — The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.
Short Term Deposits — Term deposits consist of bank balances and interest bearing deposits having maturity of 1 to 12 months. As of June 30, 2012, the Company held approximately $3,150 of restricted term deposits in the Company’s 100% owned Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd., which were denominated in Singapore currency and $295 of restricted term deposits in the Company’s 55% owned Malaysian subsidiary, which were denominated in the currency of Malaysia. As of June 30, 2012, the Company held approximately $150 of unrestricted term deposits in the Company’s 100% owned Singapore subsidiary, which were denominated in the currency of Singapore dollars, and approximately $100 in the Company’s 100% owned Thailand subsidiary, which were denominated in the currency of Thai baht. As of June 30, 2011, the Company held approximately $3,259 of restricted term deposits in the Company’s 100% owned Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd., which were denominated in Singapore currency and $303 of restricted term deposits in the Company’s 55% owned Malaysian subsidiary, which were denominated in the currency of Malaysia. As of June 30, 2011, the Company held approximately $199 of unrestricted term deposits in the Company’s 100% owned Thailand subsidiary, which were denominated in the currency of Thai baht.
Inventories — Inventories in the Company’s manufacturing and distribution segments consisting principally of raw materials, works in progress, and finished goods which are stated at the lower of cost, using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method, or market value. The semiconductor industry is characterized by rapid technological change, short-term customer commitments and rapid changes in demand. Provisions for estimated excess and obsolete inventory are based on our regular reviews of inventory quantities on hand and the latest forecasts of product demand and production requirements from our customers. Inventories are written down for not saleable, excess or obsolete raw materials, works-in-process and finished goods by charging such write-downs to cost of sales. In addition to write-downs based on newly introduced parts, statistics and judgments are used for assessing provisions of the remaining inventory based on salability and obsolescence.
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Property, Plant and Equipment & Investment Property— Property, plant and equipment and investment property in China are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is provided for over the estimated useful lives of the assets using the straight-line method. Amortization of leasehold improvements is provided for over the lease terms or the estimated useful lives of the assets, whichever is shorter, using the straight-line method.
Maintenance, repairs and minor renewals are charged directly to expense as incurred. Additions and improvements to property and equipment are capitalized. When assets are disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation thereon are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is included in the statement of operations.
Long-Lived Assets & Impairment –The Company’s business requires heavy investment in manufacturing facilities and equipment that are technologically advanced but can quickly become significantly under-utilized or rendered obsolete by rapid changes in demand. In addition, the Company recorded intangible assets with finite lives related to the acquisitions.
The Company evaluates the long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipment and purchased intangible assets with finite lives, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of such assets may not be recoverable. Factors considered important that could result in an impairment review include significant underperformance relative to expected historical or projected future operating results, significant changes in the manner of use of the assets or the strategy for our business, significant negative industry or economic trends, and a significant decline in the stick price for a sustained period of time. Impairment is recognized based on the difference between the fair value of the asset and its carrying value, and fair value is generally measured based on discounted cash flow analysis, if there is significant adverse change.
The Company applies the provisions of ASC Topic 360, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets to property, plant and equipment, and other intangible assets such as customer relationships. ASC Topic 360 requires that long-lived assets be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable through the estimated undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the assets. Whenever any such impairment exists, an impairment loss will be recognized for the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value.
Leases — The Company leased certain property, plant and equipment in the ordinary course of business. The leases had varying terms. Some may have included renewal and/or purchase options, escalation clauses, restrictions, penalties or other obligations that the Company considered in determining minimum lease payments. The leases were classified as either capital leases or operating leases, in accordance with ASC Topic 840, Accounting for Leases. The Company records monthly rental expense equal to the total amount of the payments due in the reporting period over the lease term in accordance with accounting principles accepted by the United States of America. The difference between rental expense recorded and the amount paid is credited or charged to deferred rent, which is included in accrued expenses in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.
The Company’s management expects that in the normal course of business, operating leases will be renewed or replaced by other leases. The future minimum operating lease payments, for which the Company is contractually obligated as of June 30, 2012, are disclosed in the notes to the consolidated financial statements.
Assets under capital leases are capitalized using interest rates appropriate at the inception of each lease and are depreciated over either the estimated useful life of the asset or the lease term on a straight-line basis. The present value of the related lease payments is recorded as a contractual obligation. The future minimum annual capital lease payments are included in the total future contractual obligations as disclosed in the notes to the consolidated financial statements.
Comprehensive Income (Loss) — ASC Topic 220, Reporting Comprehensive Income, establishes standards for reporting and presentation of comprehensive income (loss) and its components in a full set of general-purpose financial statements. The Company has chosen to report comprehensive income (loss) in the statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Comprehensive income (loss) is comprised of net income (loss) and all changes to shareholders’ equity except those due to investments by owners and distributions to owners.
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Income Taxes — The Company accounts for income taxes using the liability method in accordance with Statement of ASC Topic 740, Accounting for Income Taxes. ASC Topic 740 requires an entity to recognize deferred tax liabilities and assets. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequence attributable to the difference between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements, which will result in taxable or deductible amounts in future years. Further, the effects of enacted tax laws or rate changes are included as part of deferred tax expenses or benefits in the period that covers the enactment date.
The calculation of tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex global tax regulations. The Company recognizes potential liabilities for anticipated tax audit issues in the United States and other tax jurisdictions based on its estimate of whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes will be due. If payment of these amounts ultimately proves to be unnecessary, the reversal of the liabilities would result in tax benefits being recognized in the period when the Company determines the liabilities are no longer necessary. If the estimate of tax liabilities proves to be less than the ultimate assessment, a further charge to expense would result.
Retained Earnings — It is the intention of the Company to reinvest earnings of its foreign subsidiaries in the operations of those subsidiaries. Accordingly, no provision has been made for U.S. income and foreign withholding taxes that would result if such earnings were repatriated. These taxes are undeterminable at this time. The amount of earnings retained in subsidiaries was $7,474 and $12,187 at June 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
Research and Development Costs — The Company incurred research and development costs of $295 and $250 in fiscal 2012 and in fiscal 2011, respectively, which were charged to operating expenses as incurred.
Stock Based Compensation — The Company adopted the fair value recognition provisions under ASC Topic 718 Share Based Payments, using the modified prospective application method. Under this transition method, compensation cost recognized during the twelve months ended June 30, 2012 included the applicable amounts of: (a) compensation cost of all share-based payments granted prior to, but not yet vested as of July 1, 2005 (based on the grant-date fair value estimated in accordance with the original provisions of ASC Topic 718) and (b) compensation cost for all share-based payments granted subsequent to June 30, 2005.
Non-controlling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements — The Company adopted ASC 810, Consolidation, regarding non-controlling interests issued by the FASB related to the accounting for non-controlling interests in consolidated financial statements. This guidance establishes accounting and reporting standards for the non-controlling interest in a subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. This guidance requires that non-controlling interests in subsidiaries be reported in the equity section of the controlling company’s balance sheet. It also changes the manner in which the net income of the subsidiary is reported and disclosed in the controlling company’s income statement. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements
Earnings per Share — Computation of basic earnings per share is conducted by dividing net income available to common shares (numerator) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding (denominator) during a reporting period. Computation of diluted earnings per share gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during a reporting period. In computing diluted earnings per share, the average market price of common shares for a reporting period is used in determining the number of shares assumed to be purchased from the exercise of stock options. In fiscal years 2012 and 2011, all the outstanding options were excluded in the computation of diluted EPS because they were anti-dilutive.
Fair Values of Financial Instruments — Carrying value of trade accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and term deposits approximate their fair value due to their short-term maturities. Carrying values of the Company’s lines of credit and long-term debt are considered to approximate their fair value because the interest rates associated with the lines of credit and long-term debt are adjustable in accordance with market situations when the Company borrows funds with similar terms and remaining maturities. See Note 25 for detailed discussion of the fair value measurement of financial instruments.
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The Company adopted the provisions of ASC Topic 820 Fair Value Measurement, which defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The financial assets and financial liabilities that require recognition under the guidance include available-for-sale investments, employee deferred compensation plan and foreign currency derivatives. The guidance establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of us. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect our assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available under the circumstances. As such, fair value is a market-based measure considered from the perspective of a market participant who holds the asset or owes the liability rather than an entity-specific measure. The hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the reliability of inputs as follows:

Level 1—Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that we have the ability to access. Since valuations are based on quoted prices that are readily and regularly available in an active market, valuation of these products does not entail a significant degree of judgment. Financial assets utilizing Level 1 inputs include U.S. treasuries, most money market funds, marketable equity securities and our employee deferred compensation plan;

Level 2—Valuations based on quoted prices in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable, directly or indirectly. Financial assets and liabilities utilizing Level 2 inputs include foreign currency forward exchange contracts, most commercial paper and corporate notes and bonds; and

Level 3—Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement. Financial assets utilizing Level 3 inputs primarily include auction rate securities. We use an income approach valuation model to estimate the exit price of the auction rate securities, which is derived as the weighted-average present value of expected cash flows over various periods of illiquidity, using a risk adjusted discount rate that is based on the credit risk and liquidity risk of the securities.

Availability of observable inputs can vary from instrument to instrument and to the extent that valuation is based on inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised by our management in determining fair value is greatest for instruments categorized in Level 3. In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, for disclosure purposes the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.
Concentration of Credit Risk — Financial instruments that subject the Company to credit risk compose accounts receivable. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers for potential credit losses. The Company generally does not require collateral. The Company believes that its credit policies do not result in significant adverse risk and historically it has not experienced significant credit related losses.
Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Venture - The Company analyzes its investments in joint ventures to determine if the joint venture is a variable interest entity (a “VIE”) and would require consolidation. The Company (a) evaluates the sufficiency of the total equity at risk, (b) reviews the voting rights and decision-making authority of the equity investment holders as a group, and whether there are any guaranteed returns, protection against losses, or capping of residual returns within the group and (c) establishes whether activities within the venture are on behalf of an investor with disproportionately few voting rights in making this VIE determination. The Company would consolidate a venture that is determined to be a VIE if it was the primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary of a VIE is determined by a primarily qualitative approach whereby the variable interest holder, if any, has the power to direct the VIE’s most significant activities and is the primary beneficiary. To the extent that the joint venture does not qualify as VIE, the Company further assesses the existence of a controlling financial interest under a voting interest model to determine whether the venture should be consolidated.
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Equity Method - The Company analyzes its investments in joint ventures to determine if the joint venture should be accounted for using the equity method. Management evaluates both Common Stock and in-substance Common Stock whether they give the Company the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies of the joint venture even though the Company holds less than 50% of the Common Stock and in-substance Common Stock. The net income of the joint venture is reported as “Equity in (loss) or earnings of unconsolidated joint ventures, net of tax” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
Cost Method - Investee companies not accounted for under the consolidation or the equity method of accounting are accounted for under the cost method of accounting. Under this method, the Company’s share of the earnings or losses of such Investee companies is not included in the Consolidated Balance Sheet and Comprehensive income. However, impairment charges are recognized in the Comprehensive income. If circumstances suggest that the value of the Investee company has subsequently recovered, such recovery is not recorded.
Loan Receivables from Property Development Projects - The loan receivables from property development projects are classified as current assets carried at face value and are individually evaluated for impairment. The allowance for loan losses reflects management’s best estimate of probable losses determined principally on the basis of historical experience and specific allowances for known loan accounts. All loans or portions thereof deemed to be uncollectible or to require an excessive collection cost are written off to the allowance for losses.
Interest income on the loan receivables from property development projects are recognized on an accrual basis. Discounts and premiums on loans are amortized to income using the interest method over the remaining period to contractual maturity. The amortization of discounts into income is discontinued on loans that are contractually 90 days past due or when collection of interest appears doubtful.
2. NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
In December 2011, the FASB has issued ASU No. 2011-12, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Deferral of the Effective Date for Amendments to the Presentation of Reclassifications of Items Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income in Accounting Standards Update No. 2011-05. The amendments are effective for public entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2011. Entities will not be required to comply with the presentation requirements in ASU No. 2011-05 that ASU No. 2011-12 is deferring. In order to defer only those changes in ASU No. 2011-05 that relate to the presentation of reclassification adjustments, the paragraphs in ASU No. 2011-12 supersede certain pending paragraphs in ASU No. 2011-05. The amendments are being made to allow the FASB time to re-deliberate whether to present on the face of the financial statements the effects of reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income on the components of net income and other comprehensive income for all periods presented. While the FASB is considering the operational concerns about the presentation requirements for reclassification adjustments and the needs of financial statement users for additional information about reclassification adjustments, entities should continue to report reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income consistent with the presentation requirements in effect before ASU No. 2011-05. All other requirements in ASU No. 2011-05 are not affected by ASU No. 2011-12, including the requirement to report comprehensive income either in a single continuous financial statement or in two separate but consecutive financial statements. Public entities should apply these requirements for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2011. This update did not have an impact on the Company for presentation of Comprehensive Income commencing for the year ending June 30, 2012.
In September 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-08, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Testing Goodwill for Impairment. ASU 2011-08 is intended to simplify how entities test goodwill for impairment. ASU 2011-08 permits an entity to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is "more likely than not" that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform the two-step goodwill impairment test described in Topic 350, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other. The more-likely-than-not threshold is defined as having a likelihood of more than 50%. ASU 2011-08 is effective for annual and interim goodwill impairment tests performed for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2011. The adoption of this update did not have an impact on our results of operations or financial position, as the Company has fully impaired goodwill in prior fiscal years.
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Other new pronouncements issued but not yet effective until after June 30, 2012 are not expected to have a significant effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations.
3. INVENTORIES
Inventories consisted of the following:

|  | For the Year Ended June 30, |
|  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |
Raw materials |  | $ | 1,261 |  |  | $ | 1,303 |
Work in progress |  |  | 1,870 |  |  |  | 1,392 |
Finished goods |  |  | 175 |  |  |  | 213 |
Less: provision for obsolete inventory |  |  | (884 | ) |  |  | (937 | )
Currency translation effect |  |  | (98 | ) |  |  | 459 |
|  | $ | 2,324 |  |  | $ | 2,430 |

The following table represents the changes in provision for obsolete inventory:

|  | For the Year Ended June 30, |
|  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |
Beginning |  | $ | 937 |  |  | $ | 907 |
Additions charged to expenses |  |  | 31 |  |  |  | 52 |
Usage - disposition |  |  | (59 | ) |  |  | (110 | )
Currency translation effect |  |  | (25 | ) |  |  | 88 |
Ending |  | $ | 884 |  |  | $ | 937 |

4. STOCK OPTIONS
On September 24, 2007, the Company’s Board of Directors unanimously adopted the 2007 Employee Stock Option Plan (the “2007 Employee Plan”) and the 2007 Directors Equity Incentive Plan (the “2007 Directors Plan”) each of which was approved by the shareholders on December 3, 2007. Each of those plans was amended by the Board in 2010 to increase the number of shares covered thereby, which amendments were approved by the shareholders on December 14, 2010. At present, the 2007 Employee Plan provides for awards of up to 600,000 shares of the Company’s Common Stock to employees, consultants and advisors and the 2007 Directors Plan provides for awards of up to 400,000 shares of the Company’s Common Stock to the members of the Board of Directors in the form of non-qualified options and restricted stock. These two plans are administered by the Board, which also establishes the terms of the awards.
Assumptions
The fair value for the options granted were estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions, assuming no expected dividends:

|  | For the Year Ended June 30,
|  | 2012 |  |  | 2011
Expected volatility |  |  | 81.17 | % |  |  | 112.24 - 122.07 | %
Risk-free interest rate |  |  | 0.25 | % |  |  | 0.66 – 1.06 | %
Expected life (years) |  |  | 2.50 |  |  |  | 2.25 - 3.25 |

The expected volatilities are based on the historical volatility of the Company’s stock. The observation is made on a weekly basis. The observation period covered is consistent with the expected life of options. The expected life of the options granted to employees has been determined utilizing the “simplified” method as prescribed by ASC Topic 718 Compensation – Stock Compensation, which, among other provisions, allowed companies without access to adequate historical data about employee exercise behavior to use a simplified approach for estimating the expected life of a "plain vanilla" option grant. The simplified rule for estimating the expected life of such an option was the average of the time to vesting and the full term of the option. The risk-free rate is consistent with the expected life of the stock options and is based on the United States Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant.
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2007 Employee Stock Option Plan
The Company’s 2007 Employee Plan permits the grant of stock options to its employees covering up to an aggregate of 600,000 shares of Common Stock. Under the 2007 Employee Plan, all options must be granted with an exercise price of not less than fair value as of the grant date and the options granted must be exercisable within a maximum of ten years after the date of grant, or such lesser period of time as is set forth in the stock option agreements. The options may be exercisable (a) immediately as of the effective date of the stock option agreement granting the option, or (b) in accordance with a schedule related to the date of the grant of the option, the date of first employment, or such other date as may be set by the Compensation Committee. Generally, options granted under the 2007 Employee Plan are exercisable within five years after the date of grant, and vest over the period as follows: 25% vesting on the grant date and the remaining balance vesting in equal installments on the next three succeeding anniversaries of the grant date. The share-based compensation will be recognized in terms of the grade method on a straight-line basis for each separately vesting portion of the award. Certain option awards provide for accelerated vesting if there is a change in control (as defined in the 2007 Employee Plan).
Pursuant to the 2007 Employee Plan, stock options covering a total of 37,500 shares of the Company’s Common Stock were granted to certain employees on December 14, 2011 with an exercise price equal to the fair value of the Company’s Common Stock (as defined under the 2007 Employee Plan in conformity with Regulation 409A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended) at the date of grant. These options vested as of the grant date. The fair value as of December 14, 2011 of the options to purchase 37,500 shares of the Company’s Common Stock was approximately $42 based on the fair value of $1.11 per share determined by using the Black Scholes option pricing model.
The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense of approximately $148 in the twelve months ended June 30, 2012 under the 2007 Employee Plan. Unamortized stock-based compensation of $42 based on fair value on the grant date related to options granted under the 2007 Employee Plan is expected to be recognized over a period of two years.
As of June 30, 2012, there were vested employee stock options covering a total of 269,750 shares of Common Stock. The weighted-average exercise price was $3.77 and the weighted average contractual term was 2.12 years. The total fair value of vested and outstanding employee stock options as of June 30, 2012 was $649.
During the twelve months ended June 30, 2011, pursuant to the 2007 Employee Plan, stock options covering a total of 100,000 shares of the Company’s Common Stock were granted to certain officers and employees with an exercise price equal to the fair market value of the Company’s Common Stock (as defined under the 2007 Employee Plan in conformity with Regulation 409A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended) at the date of grant. These options vest over the period as follows: 25% vesting on the grant date, and the balance vesting in equal installments on the next three succeeding anniversaries of the grant date. The fair market value of 100,000 options granted to purchase the Company’s Common Stock was approximately $316 based on the fair value of $3.16 per share determined by using the Black Scholes option pricing model. During fiscal year 2011, 79,125 options were exercised, and the aggregate intrinsic value for the option exercised was $303. Cash received from options exercised during the twelve months ended June 30, 2011 was approximately $140.
The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense of approximately $225 in the twelve months ended June 30, 2011 under the 2007 Employee Plan. Unamortized stock-based compensation of $168 based on fair value on the grant date related to options granted under the 2007 Employee Plan is expected to be recognized over a period of three years.
As of June 30, 2011, there were vested employee stock options covering a total of 159,625 shares of Common Stock. The weighted-average exercise price was $4.64 and the weighted average remaining contractual term was 2.61years. The total fair value of vested employee stock options as of June 30, 2011 was $469.
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A summary of option activities under the 2007 Employee Plan during the twelve month period ended June 30, 2012 is presented as follows:

|  | Options |  |  | Weighted- Average Exercise Price |  |  | Weighted - Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years) |  |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value |
Outstanding at July 1, 2011 |  |  | 291,875 |  |  | $ | 4.10 |  |  |  | 3.07 |  |  | $ | 178 |
Granted |  |  | 37,500 |  |  | $ | 2.30 |  |  |  | 4.45 |  |  |  | - |
Exercised |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Forfeited or expired |  |  | (16,375 | ) |  |  | (4.76 | ) |  |  | 2.88 |  |  |  | - |
Outstanding at June 30, 2012 |  |  | 313,000 |  |  | $ | 3.85 |  |  |  | 2.31 |  |  | $ | - |
Exercisable at June 30, 2012 |  |  | 269,750 |  |  | $ | 3.77 |  |  |  | 2.12 |  |  | $ | - |

A summary of the status of the Company’s non-vested employee stock options during the twelve months ended June 30, 2012 is presented below:

|  |  |  |  | Weighted-Average Grant-Date |
|  | Options |  |  | Fair Value |
Non-vested at July 1, 2011 |  |  | 132,250 |  |  | $ | 5.29 |
Granted |  |  | 37,500 |  |  |  | 1.11 |
Vested |  |  | (110,125 | ) |  |  | 1.63 |
Forfeited |  |  | (16,375 | ) |  |  | 3.28 |
Non-vested at June 30, 2012 |  |  | 43,250 |  |  | $ | 3.29 |

2007 Directors Equity Incentive Plan
The 2007 Directors Plan permits the grant of options covering up to an aggregate of 400,000 shares of Common Stock to its non-employee directors in the form of non-qualified options and restricted stock. The exercise price of the non-qualified options is 100% of the fair value of the underlying shares on the grant date. The options have five-year contractual terms and are generally exercisable immediately as of the grant date.
During the twelve months ended June 30, 2012, pursuant to the 2007 Directors Plan, the Company granted options to purchase 50,000 shares of its Common Stock to our directors with an exercise price equal to the fair market value of our Common Stock (as defined under the 2007 Directors Plan in conformity with Regulation 409A or the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended) at the date of grant. The fair value of the options granted to purchase 50,000 shares of the Company's Common Stock was approximately $56 based on the fair value of $1.11 per share determined by the Black Scholes option pricing model. There were no options exercised during the twelve month period ended June 30, 2012. The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense of $56 in the twelve month period ended June 30, 2012 under the 2007 Directors Plan.
During the twelve months ended June 30, 2011, pursuant to the 2007 Directors Plan, the Company granted options to purchase 150,000 shares of its Common stock to our directors with an exercise price equal to the fair market value of our Common Stock (as defined under the 2007 Directors Plan in conformity with Regulation 409A or the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended) at the date of grant. The fair value of 150,000 options granted to purchase the Company's Common Stock was approximately $405 based on the fair value of $2.70 per share determined by the Black Scholes option pricing model. 15,000 shares of stock options were exercised during the twelve month period ended June 30, 2011. The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense of $405 in the twelve month period ended June 30, 2011 under the 2007 Directors Plan. During fiscal year 2011, 15,000 options were exercised, and the aggregate intrinsic value for the option exercised was $49. Cash received from options exercised during the twelve months ended June 30, 2011 was approximately $26.
As of June 30, 2012, there were vested director stock options covering a total of 385,000 shares of Common Stock. The weighted-average exercise price was $4.52 and the weighted average remaining contractual term was 2.45 years. The total fair value of vested directors stock options as of June 30, 2012 was $1,031. All of our director stock options vest immediately at the date of grant. There were no unvested director stock options as of June 30, 2012.
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As of June 30, 2011, there were vested director stock options covering a total of 335,000 shares of Common Stock. The weighted-average exercise price was $4.86 and the weighted average remaining contractual term was 3.16 years. The total fair value of vested directors stock options as of June 30, 2011 was $976. All of our director stock options vest immediately at the date of grant. There were no unvested director stock options as of June 30, 2011.
The total intrinsic value of vested and outstanding directors’ stock options as of June 30, 2012 was zero. A summary of option activities under the 2007 Directors Plan during the twelve months ended June 30, 2012 is presented as follows:

|  | Options |  |  | Weighted- Average Exercise Price |  |  | Weighted - Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years) |  |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value |
Outstanding at July 1, 2011 |  |  | 335,000 |  |  | $ | 4.86 |  |  |  | 3.16 |  |  | $ | 102 |
Granted |  |  | 50,000 |  |  |  | 2.30 |  |  |  | 4.45 |  |  |  | - |
Exercised |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Forfeited or expired |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Outstanding at June 30, 2012 |  |  | 385,000 |  |  | $ | 4.52 |  |  |  | 2.45 |  |  | $ | - |
Exercisable at June 30, 2012 |  |  | 385,000 |  |  | $ | 4.52 |  |  |  | 2.45 |  |  | $ | - |

5. EARNINGS PER SHARE
The Company adopted ASC Topic 215, Statement of Shareholder Equity. Basic EPS are computed by dividing net income available to common shareholders (numerator) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding (denominator) during the period. Diluted EPS give effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during a period. In computing diluted EPS, the average price for the period is used in determining the number of shares assumed to be purchased from the exercise of stock options and warrants.
Options to purchase 698,000 shares of Common Stock at exercise prices ranging from $1.72 to $9.57 per share were outstanding as of June 30, 2012. All the outstanding options were excluded in the computation of diluted EPS for fiscal 2012 since they were anti-dilutive.
Options to purchase 626,875 shares of Common Stock at exercise prices ranging from $1.72 to $9.57 per share were outstanding as of June 30, 2011. All the outstanding options were excluded in the computation of diluted EPS for fiscal 2011 since they were anti-dilutive.
The following table is a reconciliation of the weighted average shares used in the computation of basic and diluted EPS for the years presented herein:

|  | For the Year Ended June 30, |
|  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |
Loss attributable to Trio-Tech International common shareholders from continuing operations, net of tax |  | $ | (3,100 | ) |  | $ | (684 | )
Loss attributable to Trio-Tech International common shareholders from discontinued operations, net of tax |  |  | (4 | ) |  |  | (4 | )
Net loss attributable to Trio-Tech International common shareholders |  | $ | (3,104 | ) |  | $ | (688 | )
Basic and diluted loss per share from continuing operations attributable to Trio-Tech International |  | $ | (0.94 | ) |  | $ | (0.21 | )
Basic and diluted loss per share from discontinued operations attributable to Trio-Tech International |  |  |  | - |  |  | - |
Basic and diluted loss per share from net loss attributable to Trio-Tech International |  | $ | (0.94 | ) |  | $ | (0.21 | )
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding – basic |  |  | 3,288 |  |  |  | 3,288 |
Dilutive effect of stock options |  |  |  | - |  |  | - |
Number of shares used to compute earnings per share – diluted |  |  | 3,288 |  |  |  | 3,288 |

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6. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
Property, plant and equipment consisted of the following:

|  | Estimated Useful Life in |  |  | For the Year Ended June 30, |
|  | Years |  |  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |
Building and improvements |  | 3-20 |  |  | $ | 5,210 |  |  | $ | 4,859 |
Leasehold improvements |  | 3-27 |  |  |  | 5,540 |  |  |  | 5,012 |
Machinery and equipment |  | 3-7 |  |  |  | 20,852 |  |  |  | 17,934 |
Furniture and fixtures |  | 3-5 |  |  |  | 1,089 |  |  |  | 1,023 |
Equipment under capital leases |  | 3-5 |  |  |  | 577 |  |  |  | 518 |
Currency translation effect for fixed asset, gross |  |  |  |  |  | (1,495 | ) |  |  | 2,753 |
|  |  |  |  | $ | 31,773 |  |  | $ | 32,099 |
Less: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accumulated depreciation |  |  |  |  |  | 19,202 |  |  |  | 15,206 |
Accumulated amortization on equipment under capital leases |  |  |  |  |  | 346 |  |  |  | 240 |
Currency translation effect |  |  |  |  |  | (968 | ) |  |  | 1,702 |
Property, plant and equipment, net |  |  |  |  | $ | 13,193 |  |  | $ | 14,951 |

Depreciation and amortization expenses for property, plant and equipment during fiscal 2012 and 2011 were $2,606 and $2,511, respectively.
7. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE AND ALLOWANCE FOR DOUBTFUL ACCOUNTS
Accounts receivable are customer obligations due under normal trade terms. The Company performs continuing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial conditions, and although management generally does not require collateral, letters of credit may be required from its customers in certain circumstances.
Senior management reviews accounts receivable on a monthly basis to determine if any receivables will potentially be uncollectible. Management includes any accounts receivable balances that are determined to be uncollectible in the allowance for doubtful accounts. After all attempts to collect a receivable have failed, the receivable is written off against the allowance. Based on the information available to us, management believed the allowance for doubtful accounts as of June 30, 2012 and June 30, 2011 was adequate.
The following table represents the changes in the allowance for doubtful accounts:

|  | For the Year Ended June 30, |
|  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |
Beginning |  | $ | 69 |  |  | $ | 91 |
Additions charged to expenses |  |  | 113 |  |  |  | 78 |
Recovered |  |  | (59 | ) |  |  | (107 | )
Currency translation effect |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | 7 |
Ending |  | $ | 122 |  |  | $ | 69 |

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8. ACCRUED EXPENSES
Accrued expenses consisted of the following:

|  | For the Year Ended June 30, |
|  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |
Payroll and related costs |  | $ | 1,161 |  |  | $ | 1,247 |
Commissions |  |  | 37 |  |  |  | 34 |
Customer deposits |  |  | 228 |  |  |  | 12 |
Legal and audit |  |  | 169 |  |  |  | 181 |
Sales tax |  |  | 19 |  |  |  | 19 |
Utilities |  |  | 174 |  |  |  | 163 |
Warranty |  |  | 60 |  |  |  | 29 |
Accrued purchase of materials and fixed assets |  |  | 769 |  |  |  | 176 |
Provision for re-instatement |  |  | 197 |  |  |  | 174 |
Other payables |  |  | - |  |  |  | 160 |
Professional fees |  |  | 117 |  |  |  | 227 |
Other accrued expenses |  |  | 163 |  |  |  | 442 |
Currency translation effect |  |  | (83 | ) |  |  | 315 |
Total |  | $ | 3,011 |  |  | $ | 3,179 |

9. WARRANTY ACCRUAL
The Company provides for the estimated costs that may be incurred under its warranty program at the time the sale is recorded. The Company provides warranty for products manufactured in the term of one year. The Company estimates the warranty costs based on the historical rates of warranty returns. The Company periodically assesses the adequacy of its recorded warranty liability and records the amounts as necessary.

|  | For the Year Ended June 30, |
|  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |
Beginning |  | $ | 29 |  |  | $ | 113 |
Additions charged to cost and expenses |  |  | 32 |  |  |  | 51 |
Recovered |  |  | -- |  |  |  | (74 | )
Actual usage |  |  | -- |  |  |  | (70 | )
Currency translation effect |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | 9 |
EndingE Ending |  | $ | 60 |  |  | $ | 29 |

10. BANK LOANS PAYABLE
Bank loans payable consisted of the following:

| For the Year Ended June 30, |
| 2012 |  |  | 2011 |
Note payable denominated in Singapore dollars to a commercial bank for expansion plans in Singapore and China, maturing in December 2014, bearing interest at the bank’s prime rate (4.75%, at June 30, 2012 and 0% at June 30, 2011), with monthly payments of principal plus interest of approximately $56, through December 2014. This note payable is secured by equipment with carrying value of $835 on the consolidated balance sheet. (Note payable of $215 maturing in August 2012 was paid off in August 2012.) | $ | 1,510 |  |  | $ | - |
Note payable denominated in Malaysian ringgit to a commercial bank for expansion plans in Malaysia, maturing in August 2024, bearing interest at the bank’s lending rate (6.05% less 1.5% at June 30, 2012 and 2011), with monthly payments of principal plus interest of $29, through August 2024 in fiscal 2012 and monthly payments of principal plus interest of $27 in fiscal 2011. This loan payable is secured by a charge on the property in Malaysia with a carrying value of $5,635 and $4,177 as at June 30, 2012 and June 30, 2011, respectively. |  | 2,629 |  |  |  | 2,915 |
Current portion |  | (766 | ) |  |  | (147 | )
Long term portion of bank loans payable | $ | 3,373 |  |  | $ | 2,768 |

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Future minimum payments (excluding interest) as of June 30, 2012 were as follows:

2013 |  | $ | 766 |
2014 |  |  | 773 |
2015 |  |  | 407 |
2016 |  |  | 160 |
2017 |  |  | 169 |
Thereafter |  |  | 1,864 |
Total obligations and commitments |  | $ | 4,139 |

The bank loans payable non-current portion of $3,373 matures in the year ending June 30, 2025.
11. ADOPTION OF ASC TOPIC 740
The Company adopted ASC Topic 740 Accounting for Income Taxes - Interpretation of Topic 740, on July 1, 2010. The Company has not made any charges to the beginning balance of retained earnings as a result of implementing ASC Topic 740. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

(in thousands) |  |  |
Balance at July 1, 2010 |  | $ | (196 | )
Additions based on current year tax positions |  |  | - |
Additions for prior year(s) tax positions |  |  | (57 | )
Reductions for prior year(s) tax positions |  |  | - |
Settlements |  |  | - |
Expiration of statute of limitations |  |  | - |
Balance at June 30, 2011 |  | $ | (253 | )
Additions based on current year tax positions |  |  | - |
Additions for prior year(s) tax positions |  |  | - |
Reductions for prior year(s) tax positions |  |  | 4 |
Settlements |  |  | - |
Expiration of statute of limitations |  |  | - |
Settlements |  |  | - |
Balance at June 30, 2012 |  | $ | (249 | )

The Company accrues penalties and interest on unrecognized tax benefits as a component of penalties and interest expense, respectively. The Company has not accrued any penalties or interest expense relating to the unrecognized benefits at June 30, 2012 and June 30, 2011.
The major tax jurisdictions in which the Company files income tax returns are the United States, Singapore, Malaysia, China and Indonesia. The statute of limitations, in general, is open for years 2004 to 2012 for tax authorities in those jurisdictions to audit or examine income tax returns. The Company is under annual review by the government of Singapore, Malaysia, China and Indonesia. However, the Company is not currently under tax examination in any other jurisdiction.
12. INCOME TAXES
The Company generates income or loss before income taxes and non-controlling interest in the U.S., Singapore, Thailand and Malaysia and files income tax returns in these countries. The summarized income or loss before income taxes and non-controlling interest in the U.S. and foreign countries for fiscal 2012 and 2011 were as follows:

|  | For the Year Ended June 30, |
|  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |
U.S. |  | $ | (206 | ) |  | $ | (413 | )
Foreign |  |  | (4,219 | ) |  |  | 286 |
Total |  | $ | (4,425 | ) |  | $ | (127 | )

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On a consolidated basis, the Company’s net income tax provisions (benefits) were as follows:

|  | For the Year Ended June 30, |
|  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |
Current: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |
State |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | 2 |
Foreign |  |  | (473) |  |  |  | 428 |
|  | $ | (465) |  |  | $ | 430 |
Deferred: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |
State |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Foreign |  |  | 400 |  |  |  | (235 | )
|  | $ | 400 |  |  | $ | (235 | )
Total provision |  | $ | (65) |  |  | $ | 195 |

The reconciliation between the U.S. federal tax rate and the effective income tax rate was as follows:

|  | For the Year Ended June 30, |
|  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |
Statutory federal tax rate |  |  | (34) | % |  |  | (34) | %
State taxes, net of federal benefit |  |  | (6) |  |  |  | (6) |
Foreign tax related to profits making subsidiaries |  |  | 36 |  |  |  | 64 |
Other |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 24 |
Changes in valuation allowance |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | 107 |
Effective rate |  |  | (1) | % |  |  | 155 | %

At June 30, 2012, the Company had net operating loss carry forwards of approximately $443 and $1,005 for federal and state tax purposes, respectively, expiring through 2022. The Company also had tax credit carry forwards of approximately $834 for federal income tax purposes expiring through 2032. Management of the Company is uncertain whether it is more likely than not that these future benefits will be realized. Accordingly, a full valuation allowance has been established.
The components of deferred income tax assets (liabilities) were as follows:

|  | For the Year Ended June 30, |
|  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net operating losses and credits |  | $ | 1,086 |  |  | $ | 998 |
Inventory valuation |  |  | 99 |  |  |  | 112 |
Depreciation |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Provision for bad debts |  |  | 53 |  |  |  | 2 |
Accrued vacation |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | 12 |
Accrued expenses |  |  | (103 | ) |  |  | 314 |
Other |  |  | 24 |  |  |  | (31 | )
Total deferred tax assets |  | $ | 1,174 |  |  | $ | 1,407 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation |  |  | (714 | ) |  |  | (630 | )
Other |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | - |
Total deferred income tax liabilities |  | $ | (716 | ) |  | $ | (630 | )
Subtotal |  |  | 458 |  |  |  | 777 |
Valuation allowance |  |  | (1,342 | ) |  |  | (1,261 | )
Net deferred tax liabilities |  | $ | (884 | ) |  | $ | (484 | )

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The valuation allowance was increased by $81 and $48 in fiscal 2012 and 2011, respectively.
For U.S. income tax purposes no provision has been made for U.S. taxes on undistributed earnings of overseas subsidiaries with which the Company intends to continue to reinvest. It is not practicable to estimate the amount of additional tax that might be payable on the foreign earnings if they were remitted as dividends or lent to the Company, or if the Company should sell its stock in the subsidiary. However, the Company believes that the existing U.S. foreign tax credits and net operating losses available would substantially eliminate any additional tax effects.
13. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
The Company leases certain of its facilities and equipment under long-term agreements expiring at various dates through fiscal 2014 and thereafter. Certain of these leases require the Company to pay real estate taxes and insurance and provide for escalation of lease costs based on certain indices. Future minimum payments under capital leases and non-cancelable operating leases and net rental income under non-cancelable sub-leased properties as of June 30, 2012 were as follows:

For the Year Ending June 30, |  | Capital Leases |  |  | Operating Leases |  |  | Sub-lease Rental Income |  |  | Net Operating Leases |
2013 |  | $ | 175 |  |  | $ | 1,263 |  |  | $ | 65 |  |  | $ | 1,198 |
2014 |  |  | 85 |  |  |  | 545 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 545 |
2015 |  |  | 44 |  |  |  | 443 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 443 |
Thereafter |  |  | 92 |  |  |  | 1,146 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,146 |
Total future minimum lease payments |  | $ | 396 |  |  | $ | 3,397 |  |  | $ | 65 |  |  | $ | 3,332 |
Less amount representing interest |  |  | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Present value of net minimum lease payments |  |  | 396 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Less current portion of capital lease obligations |  |  | (175 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-term obligations under capital leases |  | $ | 221 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

The Company purchased equipment under the capital lease agreements with rates ranging from 1.88% to 4.30%. These agreements mature ranging from July 2013 to September 2017.
The Company has two sublease agreements with third parties to rent out the properties in Malaysia. The sublease agreement of Penang’s property expired in November 2010 and was not renewed due to the fact that the operation in Malaysia planned to sell the factory building. The sublease agreement of Petaling Jaya’s property will expire in November 2012. Total rental income from subleases amounted to $82 in fiscal 2012 and $139 in fiscal 2011.
Total rental expense on all operating leases, cancelable and non-cancelable, amounted to $1,393 in fiscal 2012 and $1,400 in fiscal 2011.
Trio-Tech (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd has expansion plans to meet the increasing specific requirements and demand of a major customer in Malaysia, as the existing facility is inadequate to meet the demands of that customer. The Company has capital commitments for the purchase of equipment and other related infrastructure costs amounting to Malaysia ringgit 402, or approximately $131 based on the exchange rate on June 30, 2012 published by the Monetary Authority of Singapore.
Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd. in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2010 registered a new 100% wholly owned subsidiary, Trio-Tech (Tianjin) Co. Ltd., located in the Xiqing Economic Development Area (XEDA) International Industrial Park in Tianjin City, People's Republic of China. The Company has capital commitments for the purchase of equipment and other related infrastructure costs amounting to RMB 2,851, or approximately $448 based on the exchange rate as of June 30, 2012 published by the Monetary Authority of Singapore. It started the operation in the third quarter of fiscal 2012 after completion of the operations facilities process audit by the customer.
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Deposits with banks in China are not insured by the local government or agency, and are consequently exposed to risk of loss. The Company believes the probability of a bank failure, causing loss to the Company, is remote.
The Company is, from time to time, the subject of litigation claims and assessments arising out of matters occurring in its normal business operations. In the opinion of management, resolution of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial statements.
14. CONCENTRATION OF CUSTOMERS
The Company had one major customer that accounted for the following accounts receivable and sales during the fiscal years ended:

| For the Year Ended June 30,
|  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |
Sales |  |  | 51.1 % |  |  |  | 67.0 | %
-Customer A |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Account Receivable |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Customer A |  |  | 63.0 % |  |  |  | 56.8 | %

15. INVESTMENT IN PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT
The following table presents the Company’s investment in property development in China as of June 30, 2012.

| Investment Date |  | Investment Amount (RMB) |  |  | Investment Amount (U.S. Dollars) |
Investment in developments - JiaSheng | 08/27/2007 |  |  | 10,000 |  |  |  | 1,564 |
Investment in developments - JiaSheng | 12/27/2007 |  |  | 5,000 |  |  |  | 782 |
Return of investment in developments - JiaSheng | 06/26/2008 |  |  | (5,000 | ) |  |  | (782 | )
Return of investment in developments - JiaSheng | 10/23/2008 |  |  | (1,988 | ) |  |  | (311 | )
Return of investment in developments - JiaSheng | 11/20/2009 |  |  | (1,988 | ) |  |  | (311 |
Return of investment in developments - JiaSheng | 11/03/2010 |  |  | (2,651 | ) |  |  | (415 | )
Return of investment in developments - JiaSheng | 11/08/2010 |  |  | (723 | ) |  |  | (113 | )
Return of investment in developments – JiaSheng | 11/09/2010 |  |  | (301 | ) |  |  | (47 | )
Return of investment in developments – JiaSheng | 11/10/2010 |  |  | (1,807 | ) |  |  | (283 | )
Return of investment in developments - JiaSheng | 11/12/2010 |  |  | (542 | ) |  |  | (84 | )
Total: Investment in property developments – Jia Sheng (project B-48 Phase 1) |  |  |  | -- |  |  |  | -- |

In fiscal 2008, Trio-Tech (Chongqing) Co. Ltd. (“TTCQ”) entered into a Memorandum Agreement with JiaSheng Property Development Co. Ltd., (“JiaSheng”) to invest in a piece of property (project B-48 phase 1) with 24.91 acres owned and developed by JiaSheng located in Chongqing City, China, which was intended for sale after the completion of development. TTCQ invested RMB 15,000 and the Company recorded a return of investment totaling RMB 15,000. From fiscal 2008 through fiscal 2010 the Company recorded a return on investment totaling RMB 5,874, or approximately $937 and in fiscal 2011 recorded a return on investment amounting to RMB 3,976, or approximately $595. There were no new investments in property development made during the year ended June 30, 2012.
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16. INVESTMENT PROPERTY IN CHINA
The following table presents the Company’s investment in the property in China as of June 30, 2012. The exchange rate is based on the exchange rate as of June 30, 2012 published by the Monetary Authority of Singapore.

|  |  | Investment Amount |  |  | Investment Amount |
| Investment Date |  | (RMB) |  |  | (U.S. Dollars) |
Purchase of rental property – MaoYe | 01/04/2008 |  |  | 5,554 |  |  |  | 874 |
Purchase of rental property - JiaSheng | 10/23/2008 |  |  | 7,042 |  |  |  | 1,089 |
Additional cost of rental property - JiaSheng | 12/01/2009 |  |  | 209 |  |  |  | 32 |
Investment rental property disposed - JiaSheng | 02/05/2010 |  |  | (579 | ) |  |  | (89 | )
Purchase of rental property – JiangHuai | 01/06/2010 |  |  | 3,600 |  |  |  | 566 |
Purchase of rental property – FuLi | 01/04/2012 |  |  | 4,025 |  |  |  | 633 |
Investment rental property disposed - JiaSheng | 03/04/2011 |  |  | (6,672 | ) |  |  | (1,032 | )
Gross investment in rental property |  |  |  | 13,179 |  |  |  | 2,073 |
Accumulated depreciation on rental property | 06/30/2012 |  |  | (1,643 | ) |  |  | (258 | )
Net investment in property - China |  |  |  | 11,536 |  |  |  | 1,815 |

Rental Property I – MaoYe
In fiscal 2008, TTCQ entered into a Memorandum Agreement with MaoYe Property Ltd. to purchase an office space in Chongqing, China for a total cash purchase price of RMB 5,554. The term of the rental agreement was five years with a monthly rental income of RMB 39, or approximately $6 based on the average exchange rate for the year ended June 30, 2012, for the first three years and in the fourth year an increase of 8% in July 2012 for a monthly rental income of RMB 41, or approximately $7 based on the average exchange rate for the year ended June 30, 2012, with another increase of 8% in July 2013.
Property purchased from Mao Ye generated a rental income of RMB 499, or approximately $78, for fiscal year 2012 as compared to RMB 464, or approximately $70 for fiscal year 2011.
Rental Property II – JiaSheng
In fiscal 2009, Trio-Tech (Chongqing) Co. Ltd. (“TTCQ”) entered into a Memorandum Agreement with JiaSheng to purchase four units of commercial property and two units of residential property, totaling 1,391.70 square meters in Chongqing, China, for a total purchase price of RMB 7,042. All of the property purchased from JiaSheng was disposed of in February 2010 and March 2011, hence there was no rental income recorded for these properties for fiscal year 2012. However these properties generated a rental income of RMB 697, or approximately $105, respectively, for the same periods in the last fiscal year.
TTCQ sold four commercial properties purchased on October 23, 2008 to JiaSheng for RMB 6,860, or approximately $1,061, recording a gain on disposal of RMB 1,015, or approximately $153, after deducting sales tax and exchange difference, from the four properties which carried a cost of RMB 6,672, or approximately $1,032, and accumulated depreciation of RMB 840, or approximately $130. All payments in this sales transaction were received in full during the third quarter of fiscal 2011.
Rental Property III – JiangHuai
In fiscal 2010, the Company entered in to a Memorandum Agreement with Chongqing JiangHuai Real Estate Development Co., Ltd. (“Jianghuai”) to purchase eight units of commercial property in Chongqing, China for a total purchase price of RMB 3,600, equivalent to approximately $566 based on the exchange rate as of June 30, 2012 published by the Monetary Authority of Singapore. The Company rented this property to a third party on January 8, 2010. The rental agreement provided for a one year renewable term with an annual rental income of RMB 720, or approximately $112. TTCQ renewed its rental for this property on January 8, 2011 with the same rental terms.
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Property purchased from JiangHuai generated a rental income of RMB 420, or approximately $66, for fiscal year 2012, and RMB 660, or approximately $99, for fiscal year 2011.
Rental Property IV – FuLi
In fiscal 2010, the TTCQ entered into a Memorandum Agreement with Chongqing FuLi Real Estate Development Co. Ltd. (“FuLi Real Estate”), to purchase two commercial properties totaling 311.99 square meters (“office space”) located in Jiang Bei District Chongqing. The total purchase price committed and paid was RMB 4,025, or approximately $637 based on the exchange rate as of June 30, 2012. The construction has been completed and the property was handed over during April 2012 and the documentation of the change of title is in process.
Property purchased from FuLi Real Estate was rented during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2012 and generated a rental income of RMB 21, or approximately $3, for fiscal year 2012 and since the property was handed over in April 2012, there was no such rental income in fiscal 2011. Title deed for this property has not been obtained as of the date of this report.
Summary
Total rental income for the investment properties in China was RMB 941 or approximately $148, for the fiscal year 2012, and was RMB 1,821, or approximately $274, for last fiscal year.
Depreciation expenses for the investment properties in China were $77 for fiscal year 2012, and $141 for fiscal year 2011.
17. LOAN RECEIVABLE FROM PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS
The following table presents the Company’s loan receivable from property development projects in China as of June 30, 2012. The exchange rate is based on the date published by the Monetary Authority of Singapore as on June 30, 2012.

| Loan Date |  | Loan Amount (RMB) |  |  | Loan Amount (U.S. Dollars) |
Investment in JiaSheng (Project B-48 Phase 2) | 11/1/2011 |  |  | 5,000 |  |  |  | 786 |
Investment in JiangHuai (Project - Yu Jin Jiang An ) | 11/1/2011 |  |  | 2,000 |  |  |  | 315 |
Net loan receivable from property development projects |  |  |  | 7,000 |  |  |  | 1,101 |

On November 1, 2010, TTCQ entered into a new Memorandum Agreement with JiaSheng Property Development Co. Ltd. (“JiaSheng”) to invest in their property development projects (Project B-48 Phase 2) located in Chongqing City, China. Due to the short-term nature of the investment, the amount was classified as a loan based on ASC Topic 310-10-25 Receivables, amounting to RMB 5,000, equivalent to approximately $747 based on the exchange rate as of June 30, 2012 published by the Monetary Authority of Singapore. The agreement guaranteed the Company an income of RMB 1,250, or approximately $188 based on the average exchange rate for the twelve months ended June 30, 2011 published by the Monetary Authority of Singapore, payable in four installments of RMB 313, or approximately $47. The amount is unsecured and repayable at the end of the term. The loan was renewed in November 2011 for a period of one year, which expires on October 31, 2012. The renewed agreement guaranteed the Company an income of RMB 1,250 or approximately $197, based on the average exchange rate as on June 30, 2012 published by the Monetary Authority of Singapore, payable in four installments The book value of the loan receivable approximates its fair value. TTCQ recorded under other income RMB 833, approximately $125, from JiaSheng for fiscal 2011, based on the average exchange rate for twelve months ended June 30, 2011 published by the Monetary Authority of Singapore as interest income.
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On November 1, 2010, TTCQ entered into a new Memorandum Agreement with JiangHuai to invest in their property development projects (Project - Yu Jin Jiang An) located in Chongqing City, China. Due to the short-term nature of the investment, the amount was classified as a loan based on ASC Topic 310-10-25 Receivables, amounting to RMB 2,000, equivalent to approximately $309 based on the exchange rate on June 30, 2011 published by the Monetary Authority of Singapore. The agreement guaranteed the Company an income of RMB 400, or approximately $60 based on the average exchange rate for the twelve months ended June 30, 2011 published by the Monetary Authority of Singapore, payable in 12 installments of RMB 33, or approximately $5. The amount is secured by the underlying property and repayable at the end of one year. The loan was renewed on November 1, 2011, and expires on November 30, 2012. The renewed agreement guaranteed the Company an income of RMB 433 or approximately $68, based on the average exchange rate published by the Monetary Authority of Singapore, payable in thirteen installments The book value of the loan receivable approximates its fair value. TTCQ recorded under other income RMB 267, approximately $40, from JiaSheng for fiscal 2011, based on the average exchange rate for twelve months ended June 30, 2011 published by the Monetary Authority of Singapore as interest income.
18. INVESTMENT
During the second quarter of fiscal 2011, the Company entered into a joint-venture agreement with JiaSheng to develop real estate projects in China. The Company invested RMB 10,000, or approximately $1,573 based on the exchange rate as of June 30, 2012 published by the Monetary Authority of Singapore, for a 10% interest in the newly formed joint venture, which was incorporated as a limited liability company, Chong Qing Jun Zhou Zhi Ye Co. Ltd. (the “joint venture”), in China. The agreement stipulates that the Company will nominate two of the five members of the Board of Directors of the joint venture and has the ability to assign two members of management to the joint venture. The agreement also stipulates that the Company will receive a fee of RMB 10,000, or approximately $1,573 based on the exchange rate as of June 30, 2012 published by the Monetary Authority of Singapore, for the services rendered in connection with obtaining priority to bid in certain real estate projects from the local government. Upon signing of the agreement, JiaSheng paid the Company RMB 5,000 in cash, or approximately $786 based on the exchange rate as on June 30, 2012 published by the Monetary Authority of Singapore. The remaining RMB 5,000 will be paid over 72 months commencing in 36 months from the date of the agreement when joint venture secures a property development project stated inside the joint venture agreement. The Company considered the RMB 5,000, or approximately $786 based on the exchange rate as on June 30, 2012 published by the Monetary Authority of Singapore, received in cash from JiaSheng, the controlling venturer in the joint venture, as a partial return of the Company’s initial investment of RMB 10,000, or approximately $1,573 based on the exchange rate as of June 30, 2012 published by the Monetary Authority of Singapore. Therefore, the RMB 5,000 received in cash was offset against the initial investment of RMB 10,000 resulting in a net investment of RMB 5,000 as of June 30, 2012. The Company considers the collectability of the remaining RMB 5,000 uncertain due to the extended terms of the payment, and therefore has not recorded this amount as receivable as of June 30, 2012.
In accordance with ASC Topic 323 Investments – Other, Cost Method Investments, ‘‘Investment in unconsolidated joint venture’’ as shown on the Company’s Balance Sheet consists of the cost of an investment in Chong Qing Jun Zhou Zhi Ye Co. Ltd., in which the Company has a 10.0% interest. Prior to the first quarter of fiscal 2012, the Company’s 10.0% ownership in this China affiliate was recorded on the equity basis.
In the first quarter of fiscal 2012, two directors representing Trio-Tech on the board of the joint venture resigned, and the Company concluded that it could no longer exert significant influence over the joint venture’s operating and financial activities. Therefore, the Company began accounting for this investment using the cost method effective September 29, 2011. An impairment review was made during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2012 and the carrying value of this investment at June 30, 2012 was $765, which approximates the Company’s pro rata share in the joint venture’s underlying value.
In accordance with ASC Topic 810-10-50, Disclosure for Variable Interest Entities, the Company analyzed its investments in the joint ventures to determine if the joint venture is a variable interest entity (“VIE”) and will require consolidation. The Company (a) evaluates the sufficiency of the total equity at risk, (b) reviews the voting rights and decision-making authority of the equity investment holders as a group, and whether there are any guaranteed returns, protection against losses, or capping of residual returns within the group, and (c) establishes whether activities within the venture are on behalf of an investor with disproportionately few voting rights in making this VIE determination. The Company would consolidate a venture that is determined to be a VIE if it was the primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary of a VIE is determined by a primarily qualitative approach whereby the variable interest holder, if any, has the power to direct the VIE’s most significant activities and is the primary beneficiary. The Company has determined that the investment is a VIE, however the Company is not the primary beneficiary. Therefore, the Company does not consolidate the joint venture and it is accounted for using the cost method, since there is no significant influence.
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19. OTHER INCOME
Other income, net for fiscal years 2012 and 2011 was as follows:

| Year Ended June 30, |
(In Thousands) | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |
Interest income | $ | 291 |  |  | $ | 187 |
Other rental income |  | 39 |  |  |  | 51 |
Exchange (loss) gain |  | (431 | ) |  |  | 83 |
Other miscellaneous income |  | 277 |  |  |  | 381 |
Total | $ | 176 |  |  | $ | 702 |

The other miscellaneous income of $277 as at June 30, 2012 mainly included an allowance for obsolete stocks amounting to $32 charged to statement of comprehensive income in fiscal year 2011 which has been utilized during fiscal year 2012 and hence was classified under other income, an amount of $38 charged to a customer for the usage of utility as a one-time order and hence classified as other income, an amount of $79 received for the disposal of the option to purchase 15% of the investment in the joint venture and disposal of scrap amounted to $19 was classified as other incomes . The other miscellaneous income of $381 as at June 30, 2011 included reversal of contingent liability of $111 relating to the termination of a performance bond securing a contract, which bond is no longer required as the contract has been fulfilled, an allowance for stock obsolescence amounting to $110 charged to statement of comprehensive income in fiscal year 2010 which was utilized during fiscal year 2011 and hence was classified under other income, and an amount of $80 charged to a customer for the usage of utility as a one-time order and hence classified as other income. Interest income included approximately $291 for fiscal 2012 as compared to $170 in fiscal 2011, which represented the income from investment, which was reclassified as a loan receivable based on ASC Topic 325.
20. IMPAIRMENT LOSS
The Company applies the provisions of ASC Topic 360, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, to property, plant and equipment, investment in property, and other intangible assets. ASC Topic 360 requires that long-lived assets be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable through the estimated undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset. Whenever any such impairment exists, an impairment loss will be recognized for the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value.
The Company performed an assessment of the carrying value of its property, plant and equipment balance during the preparation of the Form 10-K report for fiscal year 2012, in accordance with ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment – Impairment of Property, Plant and Equipment or Long Lived Assets. Due to the fact that the fabrication segment in Indonesia was not able to secure sizable future contracts, management expects very little future cash flow from the assets in this segment. The Company recorded an impairment loss of $216 on these assets based on its examination of future undiscounted cash flows.
In fiscal 2011, the Company recorded an impairment loss of $72 for the intangible asset, Welder Performance Qualification Test (“WPQT”) for the fabrication services segment in the Indonesia operations. WPQT is related to a qualification required for certain fabrication jobs. With the new project secured in June 2011, the operation management team assessed the existing WPQT during the fourth quarter when the new projects were received and, in accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other, and concluded that WPQT is not the most up-to-date qualification that meets the requirement of the new project and no future cash flow will be generated by this intangible asset. Accordingly, WPQT was fully impaired in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2011.
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21. DISCONTINUED OPERATION AND CORRESPONDING RESTRUCTURING PLAN
The Company’s Shanghai operation, as a component of the testing services segment, suffered continued operating losses in the past three fiscal years and the cash flow was minimal for the past three years. In January 2010, the Company established a restructuring plan to close the Testing operation in Shanghai, China. Based on the restructuring plan and in accordance with ASC Topic 205-20, Presentation of Financial Statement Discontinued Operations, the Company presented the operation results from Shanghai as a discontinued operation, as the Company believed that no continued cash flow would be generated by the discontinued component (Shanghai subsidiary) and that the Company would have no significant continuing involvement in the operations of the discontinued component. In accordance with the restructuring plan, the Company would pay off the outstanding balance of accounts payable of $39 and collect accounts receivable of $2.
During the process of winding up the Company’s operation in Shanghai, China, the Company incurred general and administrative expenses of approximately $4 for both the year ended June 30, 2012 and June 30, 2011. The Company anticipates that it may incur additional costs and expenses in winding up the business of the subsidiary through which the China facility was operated.
Under the provision of ASC Topic 830, translation adjustments that result when a foreign entity’s financial statements are translated into a parent company’s or an investor’s reporting currency are separately reported in the parent company’s other comprehensive income. Foreign currency translation adjustments that are accumulated in other comprehensive income are reclassified to income only when they are realized, if the investment in the foreign entity is sold or is substantially or completely liquidated. The foreign currency translation adjustments on the balance sheet of the Shanghai, China subsidiary as of June 30, 2012 were insignificant.
Loss from discontinued operations for the year ended June 30, 2012 and 2011 was as follows:

|  | For the Year Ended June 30. |
|  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |
Revenue |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |
Cost of sales |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Gross loss |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Operating expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
General and administrative expenses |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 4 |
Total |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 4 |
Loss from discontinued operation |  |  | (4 | ) |  |  | (4 | )
Other income |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Loss from discontinued operation |  | $ | (4 | ) |  | $ | ( 4 | )

The Company does not provide a separate cash flow statement for the discontinued operation because the impact of this discontinued operation was immaterial.
22. BUSINESS SEGMENTS
The Company operates in five segments: the testing service industry (which performs structural and electronic tests of semiconductor devices), the designing and manufacturing of equipment (which equipment tests the structural integrity of integrated circuits and other products), the distribution of various products from other manufacturers in Singapore and Southeast Asia, the fabrication services segment (which provides fabrication services in Indonesia for the oil and gas industry) and the real estate segment in China.
The revenue allocated to individual countries was based on where the customers were located. The allocation of the cost of equipment, the current year investment in new equipment and depreciation expense were made on the basis of the primary purpose for which the equipment was acquired.
All inter-segment sales were sales from the manufacturing segment to the testing and distribution segments. Total inter-segment sales were $519 in fiscal 2012 and $294 in fiscal 2011. Corporate assets mainly consisted of cash and prepaid expenses. Corporate expenses mainly consisted of salaries, insurance, professional expenses and directors' fees.
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| Year Ended |  | Net |  |  | Operating (Loss) |  |  | Total |  |  | Depr. and |  |  | Capital |
| June 30 |  | Sales |  |  | Income |  |  | Assets |  |  | Amort. |  |  | Expenditures |
Manufacturing | 2012 |  | $ | 16,955 |  |  | $ | (390 | ) |  | $ | 13,478 |  |  | $ | 207 |  |  | $ | 13 |
| 2011 |  |  | 19,492 |  |  |  | (953 | ) |  |  | 3,161 |  |  |  | 250 |  |  |  | 151 |
Testing Services | 2012 |  |  | 12,922 |  |  |  | (1,664 | ) |  |  | 19,210 |  |  |  | 2,222 |  |  |  | 1,543 |
| 2011 |  |  | 13,126 |  |  |  | 978 |  |  |  | 26,835 |  |  |  | 2,014 |  |  |  | 3,738 |
Distribution | 2012 |  |  | 1,075 |  |  |  | 89 |  |  |  | 420 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | - |
| 2011 |  |  | 955 |  |  |  | 138 |  |  |  | 275 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | - |
Real Estate | 2012 |  |  | 148 |  |  |  | (129 | ) |  |  | 4,127 |  |  |  | 82 |  |  |  | 634 |
| 2011 |  |  | 1,062 |  |  |  | 761 |  |  |  | 4,584 |  |  |  | 112 |  |  |  | 3 |
Fabrication | 2012 |  |  | 3,111 |  |  |  | (1,704 | ) |  |  | 744 |  |  |  | 168 |  |  |  | 31 |
Services | 2011 |  |  | 900 |  |  |  | (987 | ) |  |  | 1,430 |  |  |  | 240 |  |  |  | 104 |
Corporate & | 2012 |  |  | - |  |  |  | (502 | ) |  |  | 71 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Unallocated | 2011 |  |  | - |  |  |  | (523 | ) |  |  | 71 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Total Company | 2012 |  | $ | 34,211 |  |  | $ | (4,300 | ) |  | $ | 38,050 |  |  | $ | 2,683 |  |  | $ | 2,221 |
| 2011 |  | $ | 35,535 |  |  | $ | (586 | ) |  | $ | 36,356 |  |  | $ | 2,617 |  |  | $ | 3,996 |

23. LINE OF CREDIT
The Company’s credit rating provides it with readily and adequate access to funds in global markets. Certain lines of credit have covenants. As of June 30, 2012, the Company has certain lines of credit with covenants that were collateralized by restricted deposits.

Entity with | Type of | Interest |  | Expiration |  |  | Credit |  |  | Unused |
Facility | Facility | Rate |  | Date |  |  | Limitation |  |  | Credit |
Trio-Tech Singapore | Line of Credit | With interest rates ranging from 1.77% to 6.04% |  |  | -- |  |  | $ | 6,673 |  |  | $ | 3,068 |

24. BANK COVENANT VIOLATION
The Company’s Singapore subsidiary provided for the doubtful debts on the loan granted to one of the subsidiaries, resulting in a decrease in net worth by an amount of approximately $0.3 lower than the loan covenant required by the financial institution. Hence, the Company did not satisfy the loan covenant. The bank has the option to recall the loan; however, management is in discussion with the financial institution for a waiver. A waiver has not been obtained as at the date of this report. The loan was already recorded as a current liability, as it matures within 12 months.
25. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
ASC Topic 820 Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures provides enhanced guidance for using fair value to measure assets and liabilities. Under the standard, fair value refers to the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between participants in the market in which the reporting entity transacts its business. ASC Topic 820 clarifies the principle that fair value should be based on the assumptions market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability. In support of this principle, ASC Topic 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the information used to develop those assumptions. Under the standard, fair value measurements would be separately disclosed by level within the fair value hierarchy.
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The following table provides a summary of the assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2012:

|  |  |  |  | Basis of Fair Value Measurements |
|  | As of June 30, 2012 |  |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets Level 1 |  |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs Level 2 |  |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs Level 3 |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Short-term deposits |  | $ | 250 |  |  | $ | 250 |  |  | $ | -- |  |  | $ | -- |
Restricted term deposits |  | $ | 3,445 |  |  | $ | 3,445 |  |  | $ | -- |  |  | $ | -- |
Total assets measured at fair value |  | $ | 38,050 |  |  | $ | 38,050 |  |  | $ | -- |  |  | $ | -- |
Percentage of total assets |  |  | 9.7 | % |  |  | 9.7 | % |  |  | -- |  |  |  | -- |

In accordance with ASC Topic 820, the Company measures its short-term deposits and restricted short-term deposits at fair value, and they are classified within Level 1. Since the Company’s term deposits are fixed rate deposits, there is an active, readily tradable market value based on quoted prices. The Company based its estimates on such prices (Level 1 pricing) as of June 30, 2012, or the measurement date. Active markets are those in which transactions occur in significant frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an on-going basis. Since valuations are based on quoted prices that are readily and regularly available in an active market, the valuation of these term deposits does not entail a significant degree of judgment.
26. NON-CONTROLLING INTEREST
As of July 1, 2009, the Company implemented ASC Topic 810 Consolidation, which modifies the accounting and disclosure requirements for subsidiaries that are not wholly-owned. In accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 810 Consolidation, the Company has reclassified the non-controlling interest previously reflected between long-term liabilities and stockholders’ equity and included the amount as a component of stockholders’ equity in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Additionally, the Company has presented the net income attributable to the Company and the non-controlling ownership interests separately in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
Non-controlling interest represents the minority stockholders’ share of 45% of the equity of Trio-Tech (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd., Trio-Tech (Kuala Lumpur) Sdn. Bhd., SHI International Pte. Ltd. and PT SHI Indonesia, and 24% interest in Prestal Enterprise Sdn. Bhd., which are subsidiaries of Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd.
The table below reflects a reconciliation of the equity attributable to non-controlling interest:

|  | For the Year Ended June 30, |
Non-controlling interest |  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |
Beginning balance |  | $ | 2,969 |  |  | $ | 2,809 |
Net income/(loss) |  |  | (1,271 | ) |  |  | 353 |
Translation adjustment |  |  | (22 | ) |  |  | (193 | )
Ending balance |  | $ | 1,720 |  |  | $ | 2,969 |

27. OPERATING LEASES
Operating leases arise from the leasing of the Company’s commercial and residential real estate investment property in China. Initial lease terms generally range from 12 to 60 months. Depreciation expense for assets subject to operating leases is taken into account primarily on the straight-line method over a period of twenty years in amounts necessary to reduce the carrying amount of the asset to its estimated residual value. Depreciation expense relating to the property held as investments in operating leases was $77 and $106 for fiscal years 2012 and 2011, respectively.
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Investments in operating leases as at June 30:

|  | For the Year Ended June 30, |
|  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |
Investment property in China |  | $ | 1,238 |  |  | $ | 1,416 |
Addition during the year |  |  | 633 |  |  |  | -- |
Depreciation charge for the year |  |  | (77 | ) |  |  | (178 | )
Translation adjustment |  |  | 21 |  |  |  | -- |
Net investment in operating leases |  | $ | 1,815 |  |  | $ | 1,238 |

Future minimum rental income to be received from fiscal 2013 to fiscal 2015 on non-cancelable operating leases are contractually due as follows as of June 30, 2012:

For the Year Ended June 30, |  | Amount |
2013 |  | $ | 126 |
2014 |  |  | 46 |
2015 |  |  | 3 |
|  | $ | 175 |

28. TERM DEPOSITS

|  | For the Year Ended June 30, |
|  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |
Short-term deposits |  | $ | 250 |  |  | $ | 199 |
Restricted term deposits |  |  | 3,445 |  |  |  | 3,562 |
Total |  | $ | 3,695 |  |  | $ | 3,761 |

Restricted deposits represent the amounts of cash pledged to secure loans payable granted by financial institutions and serve as collateral for public utility agreements such as electricity and water and performance bonds related to customs duty payable. Restricted deposits are classified as non-current assets, as they relate to long-term obligations and will become unrestricted only upon discharge of the obligations. Short-term deposits represent bank deposits that do not qualify as cash equivalents.
29. ASSETS HELD FOR SALE
During the third quarter of fiscal 2011, Trio-Tech (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. (“TTM”), a 55% owned subsidiary of the Registrant, planned to sell its factory building in Penang, Malaysia, which was being used as its testing facility before it moved its entire operations to Petaling Jaya, Malaysia. The Penang, Malaysia operation ceased the deprecation of that property in accordance with ASC Topic 360 Property, plant and equipment.
The asset is available for immediate sale in its present condition subject only to terms that are usual and customary for sales of such assets.
Accordingly, the Company believes that the assets held for sale should be classified as current assets and that the fair value of this property, less cost to sell, is higher than its book value, and in accordance with ASC Topic 360 the asset held for sale was recorded at a net book value of $130 based on the exchange rate as at June 30, 2012 published by the Monetary Authority of Singapore.
30. SUBSEQUENT EVENT
In October 2012, PT SHI Indonesia a 100% owned subsidiary of SHI International Pte. Ltd. in which Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd. holds a 55% equity interest, has communicated the notice of termination of the lease of the fabrication yard in Batam Indonesia. Going forward, fabrication projects contracted by SHI International Pte. Ltd. will be subcontracted to service providers who have the facility to undertake such projects.