10-Q 1 trt10q_03312021.htm QUARTERLY REPORT
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
☑ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Quarterly Period Ended March 31, 2021
OR
☐
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Transition Period from ___ to ___
Commission File Number 1-14523
TRIO-TECH INTERNATIONAL
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its Charter)

California |  | 95-2086631
(State or other jurisdiction of |  | (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization) |  | Identification Number)
Block 1008 Toa Payoh North |  |
Unit 03-09 Singapore |  | 318996
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code)

Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code: (65) 6265 3300
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

|  | Name of each exchange
Title of each class | Trading Symbol | On which registered
Common Stock, no par value | TRT | NYSE American

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large Accelerated Filer | ☐ |  | Accelerated Filer | ☐
Non-Accelerated Filer | ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company | ☒
|  |  | Emerging growth company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of May 1, 2021, there were 3,913,055 shares of the issuer’s Common Stock, no par value, outstanding.
TRIO-TECH INTERNATIONAL
INDEX TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL INFORMATION, OTHER INFORMATION AND SIGNATURE

|  | Page
Part I. | Financial Information |
Item 1. | Financial Statements |
| (a) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2021 (Unaudited) and June 30, 2020 | 1
| (b) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended March 31, 2021 (Unaudited) and March 31, 2020 (Unaudited) | 2
| (c) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the Nine Months Ended March 31, 2021 (Unaudited) and the March 31, 2020 (Unaudited) | 4
| (d) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended March 31, 2021 (Unaudited) and March 31, 2020 (Unaudited) | 5
| (e) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 6
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 31
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 46
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 46
Part II. | Other Information |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 47
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 47
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 47
Item 3. | Defaults upon Senior Securities | 47
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 47
Item 5. | Other Information | 47
Item 6. | Exhibits | 47
Signatures |  | 48

Table of Contents
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
The discussions of Trio-Tech International’s (the “Company”) business and activities set forth in this Form 10-Q and in other past and future reports and announcements by the Company may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and assumptions regarding future activities and results of operations of the Company. In light of the “safe harbor” provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, the following factors, among others, could cause actual results to differ materially from those reflected in any forward-looking statements made by or on behalf of the Company: market acceptance of Company products and services; changing business conditions or technologies and volatility in the semiconductor industry, which could affect demand for the Company’s products and services; the impact of competition; problems with technology; product development schedules; delivery schedules; changes in military or commercial testing specifications which could affect the market for the Company’s products and services; difficulties in profitably integrating acquired businesses, if any, into the Company; risks associated with conducting business internationally and especially in Asia, including currency fluctuations and devaluation, currency restrictions, local laws and restrictions and possible social, political and economic instability; changes in U.S. and global financial and equity markets, including market disruptions and significant interest rate fluctuations; public health issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic; the trade tension between U.S. and China; and other economic, financial and regulatory factors beyond the Company’s control. Other than statements of historical fact, all statements made in this Quarterly Report are forward-looking, including, but not limited to, statements regarding industry prospects, future results of operations or financial position, and statements of our intent, belief and current expectations about our strategic direction, prospective and future financial results and condition. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by the use of terminology such as “may,” “will,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “potential,” “believes,” “can impact,” “continue,” or the negative thereof or other comparable terminology. Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that are inherently difficult to predict, which could cause actual outcomes and results to differ materially from our expectations, forecasts and assumptions.
Unless otherwise required by law, we undertake no obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent events, changed circumstances, or the occurrence of unanticipated events. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements.
Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
TRIO-TECH INTERNATIONAL AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT NUMBER OF SHARES)

| March 31, 2021 | June 30, 2020
ASSETS | (Unaudited) |
CURRENT ASSETS: |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $5,178 | $4,150
Short-term deposits | 7,146 | 6,838
Trade accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $318 and $314, respectively | 6,997 | 5,951
Other receivables | 678 | 998
Inventories, less provision for obsolete inventories of $676 and $678, respectively | 2,602 | 1,922
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 367 | 341
Total current assets | 22,968 | 20,200
NON-CURRENT ASSETS: |  |
Deferred tax assets | 337 | 247
Investment properties, net | 688 | 690
Property, plant and equipment, net | 9,690 | 10,310
Operating lease right-of-use assets | 1,994 | 944
Other assets | 1,709 | 1,609
Restricted term deposits | 1,739 | 1,660
Total non-current assets | 16,157 | 15,460
TOTAL ASSETS | $39,125 | $35,660
LIABILITIES |  |
CURRENT LIABILITIES: |  |
Lines of credit | $184 | $172
Accounts payable | 2,997 | 2,590
Accrued expenses | 3,467 | 3,005
Income taxes payable | 348 | 344
Current portion of bank loans payable | 435 | 370
Current portion of finance leases | 216 | 231
Current portion of operating leases | 659 | 477
Current portion of PPP loan | 121 | 54
Total current liabilities | 8,427 | 7,243
NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES: |  |
Bank loans payable, net of current portion | 1,732 | 1,836
Finance leases, net of current portion | 291 | 435
Operating leases, net of current portion | 1,335 | 467
Income taxes payable | 385 | 430
PPP loan, net of current portion | - | 67
Other non-current liabilities | 34 | 36
Total non-current liabilities | 3,777 | 3,271
TOTAL LIABILITIES | $12,204 | $10,514
EQUITY |  |
TRIO-TECH INTERNATIONAL’S SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY: |  |
Common stock, no par value, 15,000,000 shares authorized; 3,913,055 shares issued outstanding as at March 31, 2021 and 3,673,055 shares as at June 30, 2020, respectively | $12,178 | $11,424
Paid-in capital | 3,507 | 3,363
Accumulated retained earnings | 8,441 | 8,036
Accumulated other comprehensive income-translation adjustments | 2,259 | 1,143
Total Trio-Tech International shareholders' equity | 26,385 | 23,966
Non-controlling interest | 536 | 1,180
TOTAL EQUITY | $26,921 | $25,146
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY | $39,125 | $35,660

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements
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TRIO-TECH INTERNATIONAL AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME / (LOSS)
UNAUDITED (IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT EARNINGS PER SHARE)

| Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended
| Mar. 31, | Mar. 31, | Mar. 31, | Mar. 31,
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020
Revenue |  |  |  |
Manufacturing | $3,130 | $2,519 | $9,324 | $8,881
Testing services | 3,504 | 3,741 | 10,018 | 12,018
Distribution | 1,467 | 2,225 | 3,790 | 6,338
Real estate | 11 | 16 | 22 | 49
| 8,112 | 8,501 | 23,154 | 27,286
Cost of Sales |  |  |  |
Cost of manufactured products sold | 2,148 | 1,851 | 6,855 | 6,789
Cost of testing services rendered | 2,651 | 2,937 | 7,651 | 9,046
Cost of distribution | 1,234 | 1,909 | 3,142 | 5,454
Cost of real estate | 19 | 18 | 58 | 54
| 6,052 | 6,715 | 17,706 | 21,343
Gross Margin | 2,060 | 1,786 | 5,448 | 5,943
Operating Expenses: |  |  |  |
General and administrative | 1,923 | 1,754 | 5,245 | 5,319
Selling | 123 | 181 | 356 | 547
Research and development | 79 | 79 | 277 | 280
Impairment loss on long-lived assets | - | 139 | - | 139
Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment | - | - | (1) | (24)
Total operating expenses | 2,125 | 2,153 | 5,877 | 6,261
Loss from Operations | (65) | (367) | (429) | (318)
Other Income / (Expenses) |  |  |  |
Interest expenses | (25) | (63) | (96) | (186)
Gain on sale of asset held for sale | - | - | - | 1,172
Other income, net | 273 | 440 | 627 | 590
Total other income | 248 | 377 | 531 | 1,576
Income from Continuing Operations before Income Taxes | 183 | 10 | 102 | 1,258
Income Tax (Expenses) / Benefits | (118) | 8 | (125) | (112)
Income / (loss) from continuing operations before non-controlling interest, net of tax | 65 | 18 | (23) | 1,146
Discontinued Operations |  |  |  |
Income / (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax | 1 | (21) | (26) | (21)
NET INCOME / (LOSS) | 66 | (3) | (49) | 1,125
Less: net (loss) / income attributable to non-controlling interest | (112) | (73) | (454) | 356
Net Income Attributable to Trio-Tech International Common Shareholders | $178 | $70 | $405 | $769
Amounts Attributable to Trio-Tech International Common Shareholders: |  |  |  |
Income from continuing operations, net of tax | 177 | 81 | 418 | 780
Income / (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax | 1 | (11) | (13) | (11)
Net Income Attributable to Trio-Tech International Common Shareholders | $178 | $70 | $405 | $769
Basic Earnings per Share: |  |  |  |
Basic per share from continuing operations attributable to Trio-Tech International | $0.05 | $0.02 | $0.11 | $0.21
Basic earnings per share from discontinued operations attributable to Trio-Tech International |  | $- | $- | $-
Basic Earnings per Share from Net Income |  |  |  |
Attributable to Trio-Tech International | $0.05 | $0.02 | $0.11 | $0.21
Diluted Earnings per Share: |  |  |  |
Diluted earnings per share from continuing operations attributable to Trio-Tech International | $0.04 | $0.02 | $0.10 | $0.21
Diluted earnings per share from discontinued operations attributable to Trio-Tech International | $- | $- | $- | $-
Diluted Earnings per Share from Net Income |  |  |  |
Attributable to Trio-Tech International | $0.04 | $0.02 | $0.10 | $0.21
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding |  |  |  |
Basic | 3,913 | 3,673 | 3,913 | 3,673
Dilutive effect of stock options | 133 | 86 | 117 | 61
Number of shares used to compute earnings per share diluted | 4,046 | 3,759 | 4,030 | 3,734

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
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TRIO-TECH INTERNATIONAL AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME / (LOSS)

| Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended
| Mar. 31, | Mar. 31, | Mar. 31, | Mar. 31,
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020
Comprehensive (Loss)/ Income Attributable to Trio-Tech International Common Shareholders: |  |  |  |
Net income / (loss) | $66 | $(3) | $(49) | $1,125
Foreign currency translation, net of tax | (468) | (1,013) | 1,115 | (1,051)
Comprehensive (Loss)/ Income | (402) | (1,016) | 1,066 | 74
Less: comprehensive (loss) / income attributable to non-controlling interest | (136) | (64) | (455) | 376
Comprehensive (Loss)/ Income Attributable to Trio-Tech International Common Shareholders | $(266) | $(952) | $1,521 | $(302)

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
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TRIO-TECH INTERNATIONAL AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
(IN THOUSANDS)
Nine months ended March 31, 2021

| Common Stock | Paid-in | Accumulated Retained | Accumulated Other Comprehensive | Non- controlling |
| Shares | Amount | Capital | Earnings | Income | Interest | Total
| $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $
Balance at June 30, 2020 | 3,673 | 11,424 | 3,363 | 8,036 | 1,143 | 1,180 | 25,146
Stock option expenses | - | - | 144 | - | - | - | 144
Net income / (loss) | - | - | - | 405 | - | (454) | (49)
Dividend declared by subsidiary | - | - | - | - | - | (189) | (189)
Exercise of stock option | 240 | 754 | - | - | - | - | 754
Translation adjustment | - | - | - | - | 1,116 | (1) | 1,115
Balance at Mar. 31, 2021 | 3,913 | 12,178 | 3,507 | 8,441 | 2,259 | 536 | 26,921

Nine months ended March 31, 2020

| Common Stock | Paid-in | Accumulated Retained | Accumulated Other Comprehensive | Non- controlling |
| Shares | Amount | Capital | Earnings | Income | Interest | Total
| $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $
Balance at June 30, 2019 | 3,673 | 11,424 | 3,305 | 7,070 | 1,867 | 1,195 | 24,861
Stock option expenses | - | - | 52 | - | - |  | 52
Net income | - | - | - | 769 | - | 356 | 1,125
Dividend declared by subsidiary | - | - | - | - | - | (120) | (120)
Exercise of stock options | - | - | - | - | - | - | -
Translation adjustment | - | - | - | - | (1,071) | 20 | (1,051)
Balance at Mar. 31, 2020 | 3,673 | 11,424 | 3,357 | 7,839 | 796 | 1,451 | 24,867

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
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TRIO-TECH INTERNATIONAL AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (IN THOUSANDS)

| Nine Months Ended
| Mar. 31, | Mar. 31,
| 2021 | 2020
| (Unaudited) | (Unaudited)
Cash Flow from Operating Activities |  |
Net (loss) / income | $(49) | $1,125
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash flow provided by operating activities |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 2,224 | 2,350
Impairment loss on long-lived assets | - | 139
Stock compensation | 144 | 52
Addition / (reversal) of provision for obsolete inventories | (2) | 5
Bad debt (recovery) expenses | (15) | -
Allowance for doubtful debt | - | 62
Accrued interest expense, net accrued interest income | (18) | (35)
Payment of interest portion of finance lease | (32) | (43)
Gain on sale of asset held for sale | - | (1,172)
Gain on sale of property, plant and equipment | (1) | (24)
Dividend income | (32) | -
Dividend received | 32 | -
Deferred tax benefit | (70) | (132)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisition effects |  |
Trade accounts receivable | (1,013) | 664
Other receivables | 320 | (248)
Other assets | (33) | 101
Inventories | (624) | 108
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | (76) | 20
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | 754 | (449)
Income taxes payable | (44) | (29)
Operating lease liabilities | (565) | (398)
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities | 900 | 2,096
Cash Flow from Investing Activities |  |
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment | - | 39
Proceeds from sale of asset held for sale | - | 1,261
Withdrawal of unrestricted deposit | 1,166 | -
Investment in unrestricted term deposits, net | (1,370) | (2,393)
Additions to property, plant and equipment | (621) | (848)
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities | (825) | (1,941)
Cash Flow from Financing Activities |  |
Payment on lines of credit | (174) | (1,922)
Payment of bank loans | (296) | (372)
Payment of principal portion of finance leases | (192) | (251)
Dividends paid on non-controlling interest | (189) | (120)
Proceeds from bank loans | 189 | -
Proceeds from exercise stock options | 754 | -
Proceeds from lines of credit | 187 | 2,090
Proceeds from principal of finance leases | - | 279
Net Cash Used in Financing Activities | 279 | (296)
Effect of Changes in Exchange Rate | 753 | (431)
Net Increase/(Decrease) in Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash | 1,107 | (572)
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash at Beginning of Period | 5,810 | 6,569
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash at End of Period | $6,917 | $5,997
Supplementary Information of Cash Flows |  |
Cash paid during the period for: |  |
Interest | $69 | $186
Income taxes | $203 | $124
Non-Cash Transactions |  |
Finance lease of property, plant and equipment | $- | $279

Reconciliation of Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash |  |
Cash | 5,178 | 4,370
Restricted Term-Deposits in Non-Current Assets | 1,739 | 1,627
Total Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash Shown in the Statements of Cash Flows | $6,917 | $5,997

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
Amounts included in restricted deposits represent the amount of cash pledged to secure loans payable or trade financing granted by financial institutions and serve as collateral for public utility agreements such as electricity and water, and performance bonds related to customs duty payable. Restricted deposits are classified as non-current assets as they relate to long-term obligations and will become unrestricted only upon discharge of the obligations.
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TRIO-TECH INTERNATIONAL AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT EARNINGS PER SHARE AND NUMBER OF SHARES)
1. ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION
Trio-Tech International (“the Company” or “TTI” hereafter) was incorporated in fiscal year 1958 under the laws of the State of California. TTI provides third-party semiconductor testing and burn-in services primarily through its laboratories in Southeast Asia. In addition, TTI operates testing facilities in the United States. The Company also designs, develops, manufactures and markets a broad range of equipment and systems used in the manufacturing and testing of semiconductor devices and electronic components. In the third quarter of fiscal year 2021, TTI conducted business in four business segments: Manufacturing, Testing Services, Distribution and Real Estate. TTI has subsidiaries in the U.S., Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia and China as follows:

| Ownership | Location
Express Test Corporation (Dormant) | 100% | Van Nuys, California
Trio-Tech Reliability Services (Dormant) | 100% | Van Nuys, California
KTS Incorporated, dba Universal Systems (Dormant) | 100% | Van Nuys, California
European Electronic Test Centre (Dormant) | 100% | Dublin, Ireland
Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd. | 100% | Singapore
Universal (Far East) Pte. Ltd. * | 100% | Singapore
Trio-Tech International (Thailand) Co. Ltd. * | 100% | Bangkok, Thailand
Trio-Tech (Bangkok) Co. Ltd. | 100% | Bangkok, Thailand
Trio-Tech (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. (55% owned by Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd.) | 55% | Penang and Selangor, Malaysia
Trio-Tech (Kuala Lumpur) Sdn. Bhd. | 55% | Selangor, Malaysia
(100% owned by Trio-Tech Malaysia Sdn. Bhd.) |  |
Prestal Enterprise Sdn. Bhd. | 76% | Selangor, Malaysia
(76% owned by Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd.) |  |
Trio-Tech (SIP) Co., Ltd. * | 100% | Suzhou, China
Trio-Tech (Chongqing) Co. Ltd. * | 100% | Chongqing, China
SHI International Pte. Ltd. (Dormant) (55% owned by Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd) | 55% | Singapore
PT SHI Indonesia (Dormant) (100% owned by SHI International Pte. Ltd.) | 55% | Batam, Indonesia
Trio-Tech (Tianjin) Co., Ltd. * | 100% | Tianjin, China

* 100% owned by Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd.
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. All significant inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2021 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2021. Certain accounting matters that generally require consideration of forecasted financial information were assessed regarding impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic as of March 31, 2021 and through the Quarterly Report dated May 14, 2021 using reasonably available information as of those dates. Those accounting matters assessed included, but were not limited to, allowance for doubtful accounts, the carrying value of long-lived tangible assets and the valuation allowances for tax assets. While the assessments resulted in no material impacts to the consolidated financial statements as of and for the quarter ended March 31, 2021, the Company believes the full impact of the pandemic remains uncertain and the Company will continue to assess if ongoing developments related to the pandemic may cause future material impacts to our consolidated financial statements. As of March 31, 2021, the Company had cash and cash equivalents and short-terms deposits totaling $12,324 and unused lines of credit of $5,520. We finance operations primarily through our existing cash balances, cash collected from operations, bank borrowings and capital lease financing. We believe these sources are sufficient to fund our operations for the foreseeable future. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company's annual report for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020.
The Company’s operating results are presented based on the translation of foreign currencies using the respective quarter’s average exchange rate.
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Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Leases-Lessee
Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 842 introduces new requirements to increase transparency and comparability among organizations for leasing transactions for both lessees and lessors. It requires a lessee to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. These leases will be either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition.
The standard provided an alternative modified retrospective transition method. Under this method, the cumulative effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings is recognized on the date of adoption (July 1, 2019). The Company adopted ASC 842 as of July 1, 2019, and applied the alternative modified retrospective transition method requiring application of the new guidance to all leases existing at, or entered into on or after, the date of adoption i.e. July 1, 2019.
The Company applies the guidance in ASC 842 to individual leases of assets. When the Company receives substantially all the economic benefits from and directs the use of specified property, plant and equipment, transactions give rise to leases. The Company’s classes of assets include real estate leases.
Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use ("ROU") assets, current portion and long-term portion of operating leases in our consolidated balance sheets. ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Finance leases are included in plant and equipment, current portion and long-term portion of finance leases in our consolidated balance sheets.
The Company has elected the practical expedient within ASC 842 to not separate lease and non-lease components within lease transactions for all classes of assets. Additionally, the Company has elected the short-term lease exception for all classes of assets, does not apply the recognition requirements for leases of 12 months or less, and recognizes lease payments for short-term leases as expense either straight-line over the lease term or as incurred depending on whether the lease payments are fixed or variable. These elections are applied consistently for all leases.
As part of applying the transition method, the Company has elected to apply the package of transition practical expedients within the new guidance. As required by the new standard, these expedients have been elected as a package and are consistently applied across the Company’s lease portfolio. Given this election, the Company need not reassess:
●
whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases;
●
the lease classification for any expired or existing leases;
●
treatment of initial direct costs relating to any existing leases.
When discount rates implicit in leases cannot be readily determined, the Company uses the applicable incremental borrowing rate at lease commencement to perform lease classification tests on lease components and to measure lease liabilities and ROU assets. The incremental borrowing rate used by the Company was based on baseline rates and adjusted by the credit spreads commensurate with the Company’s secured borrowing rate over a similar term. At each reporting period when there is a new lease initiated, the rates established for that quarter will be used.
In applying the alternative modified retrospective transition method, the Company measured lease liabilities at the present value of the sum of remaining minimum rental payments (as defined under ASC Topic 840). The present value of lease liabilities has been measured using the Company’s incremental borrowing rates as of July 1, 2019 (the date of initial application). Additionally, ROU assets for these operating leases have been measured as the initial measurement of application lease liabilities adjusted for reinstatement liabilities.
Leases-Lessor
For the Company as lessor, all our leases will continue to be classified as operating leases under the new standard. We do not expect the new standard to have a material effect on our financial statements and we do not expect a significant change in our leasing activities between now and adoption.
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2. NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
In October 2020, FASB issued ASU2020-10: Codification Improvements. This update contains amendments that improve the consistency of the Codification by including all disclosure guidance in the appropriate Disclosure Section (Section 50). Many of the amendments arose because the Board provided an option to give certain information either on the face of the financial statements or in the notes to financial statements and that option only was included in the Other Presentation Matters Section (Section 45) of the Codification. The option to disclose information in the notes to financial statements should have been codified in the Disclosure Section as well as the Other Presentation Matters Section (or other Section of the Codification in which the option to disclose in the notes to financial statements appears). The amendments in this update do not change GAAP and, therefore, are not expected to result in a significant change in practice. The amendments are effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. Adoption shall be applied retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impacts of the provisions of ASU 2020-10 on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In December 2019, FASB issued ASU 2019-12 ASC Topic 740: Income Taxes: Simplifying Accounting for Income Taxes, which removes specific exceptions to the general principles in topic 740 in US GAAP. The amendments eliminate the need for an organization to analyze whether the specific exceptions apply in a given period, improve financial statement preparers’ application of income tax related guidance and simplify GAAP. The amendments are effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020 and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently evaluating the impacts of the provisions of ASU 2019-12 on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In March 2020, FASB issued ASU 2020-04 ASC Topic 848: Reference Rate Reform: Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, which provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships and other transactions affected by the discontinuation of the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or by another reference rate expected to be discontinued. The amendments are effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020, and the Company may elect to apply the amendments prospectively through December 31, 2022. The Company is currently evaluating the impacts of the provisions of ASU 2020-04 on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In June 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-13 ASC Topic 326: Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (“ASC Topic 326”) for the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Financial institutions and other organizations will now use forward-looking information to better inform their credit loss estimates. Many of the loss estimation techniques applied today will still be permitted, although the inputs to those techniques will change to reflect the full amount of expected credit losses. ASC Topic 326 is effective for the Company for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of this accounting standard update on its consolidated financial statements.
In May 2021, FASB issued ASU 2021-04 ASC Topic 260: Earnings Per Share, Subtopic 470-50: Debt—Modifications and Extinguishments, ASC Topic 718: Compensation-Stock Compensation and Subtopic 815-40: Derivatives and Hedging- Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity for the Issuer’s Accounting for Certain Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options. This ASU provides guidance for a modification or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option that is not within the scope of another Topic. It specifically addresses: (1) How an entity should treat a modification of the terms or conditions or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option that remains equity classified after modification or exchange; (2) How an entity should measure the effect of a modification or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option that remains equity classified after modification or exchange; and (3) How an entity should recognize the effect of a modification or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option that remains equity classified after modification or exchange. ASC Topic 326 is effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021 including interim periods within those fiscal years. An entity should apply the amendments prospectively to modifications or exchanges occurring on or after the effective date of the amendments. Early adoption is permitted for all entities, including adoption in an interim period. If an entity elects to early adopt the amendments in an interim period, the guidance should be applied as of the beginning of the fiscal year that includes that interim period. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of this accounting standard update on its consolidated financial statements.
Other new pronouncements issued but not yet effective until after March 31, 2021 are not expected to have a significant effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations.
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3. TERM DEPOSITS

| Mar. 31, 2021 (Unaudited) | June 30, 2020
Short-term deposits | $7,285 | $7028
Currency translation effect on short-term deposits | (139) | (190)
Total short-term deposits | 7,146 | 6,838
Restricted term deposits | 1,772 | 1,712
Currency translation effect on restricted term deposits | (33) | (52)
Total restricted term deposits | 1,739 | 1,660
Total term deposits | $8,885 | $8,498

Restricted deposits represent the amount of cash pledged to secure loans payable to financial institutions and serve as collateral for public utility agreements such as electricity and water, and performance bonds related to customs duty payable. Restricted deposits are classified as non-current assets, as they relate to long-term obligations and will become unrestricted only upon discharge of the obligations. Short-term deposits represent bank deposits, which do not qualify as cash equivalents.
4. TRADE ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE AND ALLOWANCE FOR DOUBTFUL ACCOUNTS
Accounts receivable are customer obligations due under normal trade terms. The Company performs continuing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial conditions, and although management generally does not require collateral, letters of credit may be required from the customers in certain circumstances.
Senior management reviews accounts receivable on a periodic basis to determine if any receivables will potentially be uncollectible. Management includes any accounts receivable balances that are determined to be uncollectible in the allowance for doubtful accounts. After all reasonable attempts to collect a receivable have failed, the receivable is written off against the allowance. Based on the information available, management believed the allowance for doubtful accounts as of March 31, 2021 and June 30, 2020 was adequate.
The following table represents the changes in the allowance for doubtful accounts:

| Mar. 31, 2021 (Unaudited) | June 30, 2020
Beginning | $314 | $263
Additions charged to expenses | - | 351
Recovered | - | (284)
Write-off | (15) | (9)
Currency translation effect | 19 | (7)
Ending | $318 | $314

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5. LOANS RECEIVABLE FROM PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS
The following table presents Trio-Tech (Chongqing) Co. Ltd (“TTCQ”)’s loan receivable from property development projects in China as of March 31, 2021.

| Loan Expiry Date |  | Loan Amount (RMB) |  |  | Loan Amount (U.S. Dollars) |
Short-term loan receivables |  |  |  |  |  |  |
JiangHuai (Project – Yu Jin Jiang An) | May 31, 2013 |  |  | 2,000 |  |  |  | 304 |
Less: allowance for doubtful receivables |  |  |  | (2,000 | ) |  |  | (304 | )
Net loan receivables from property development projects |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Long-term loan receivables |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Jun Zhou Zhi Ye | Oct. 31, 2016 |  |  | 5,000 |  |  |  | 760 |
Less: transfer – down-payment for purchase of investment property |  |  |  | (5,000 | ) |  |  | (760 | )
Net loan receivables from property development projects |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |

The short-term loan receivables amounting to renminbi (“RMB”) 2,000, or approximately $304, arose due to TTCQ entering into a Memorandum Agreement with JiangHuai Property Development Co. Ltd. (“JiangHuai”) to invest in their property development projects (Project - Yu Jin Jiang An) located in Chongqing City, China in fiscal 2011. Based on TTI’s financial policy, a provision for doubtful receivables of $294 on the investment in JiangHuai was recorded during fiscal 2014. TTCQ did not generate other income from JiangHuai for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 or for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020. TTCQ is in the legal process of recovering the outstanding amount of approximately $304.
The loan amounting to RMB 5,000, or approximately $760, arose due to TTCQ entering into a Memorandum Agreement with JiaSheng Property Development Co. Ltd. (“JiaSheng”) to invest in their property development projects (Project B-48 Phase 2) located in Chongqing City, China in fiscal 2011. The amount was unsecured and repayable at the end of the term. The book value of the loan receivable approximates its fair value. During fiscal year 2015, the loan receivable was transferred to down payment for purchase of investment property that is being developed in the Singapore Themed Resort Project (See Note 8)
6. INVENTORIES
Inventories consisted of the following:

| Mar. 31, 2021 (Unaudited) | June 30, 2020
Raw materials | $1,157 | $1,281
Work in progress | 1,785 | 968
Finished goods | 281 | 422
Currency translation effect | 55 | (71)
Less: provision for obsolete inventories | (676) | (678)
| $2,602 | $1,922

The following table represents the changes in provision for obsolete inventories:

| Mar. 31, 2021 (Unaudited) | June 30, 2020
Beginning | $678 | $673
Additions charged to expenses | 6 | 26
Usage – disposition | (23) | (8)
Currency translation effect | 15 | (13)
Ending | $676 | $678

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7. INVESTMENT PROPERTIES
The following table presents the Company’s investment in properties in China as of March 31, 2021. The exchange rate is based on the market rate as of March 31, 2021.

| Investment Date / Reclassification Date | Investment Amount (RMB) | Investment Amount (U.S. Dollars)
Purchase of rental property – Property I – MaoYe Property | Jan. 04, 2008 | 5,554 | 894
Currency translation |  | - | (87)
Reclassification as “Assets held for sale” | July 01, 2018 | (5,554) | (807)
Reclassification from “Assets held for sale” | Mar. 31, 2019 | 2,024 | 301
| 2,024 | 301
Purchase of rental property – Property II - JiangHuai | Jan. 06, 2010 | 3,600 | 580
Purchase of rental property – Property III - FuLi | Apr. 08, 2010 | 4,025 | 648
Currency translation |  | - | (55)
Gross investment in rental property |  | 9,649 | 1,474
Accumulated depreciation on rental property | Mar. 31, 2021 | (6,920) | (1,053)
Reclassified as “Assets held for sale”- Mao Ye Property | July 01, 2018 | 2,822 | 410
Reclassification from “Assets held for sale”- Mao Ye Property | Mar. 31, 2019 | (1,029) | (143)
| (5,127) | (786)
Net investment in property – China |  | 4,522 | 688

The following table presents the Company’s investment in properties in China as of June 30, 2020. The exchange rate is based on the market rate as of June 30, 2020.

| Investment Date / Reclassification Date | Investment Amount (RMB) | Investment Amount (U.S. Dollars)
Purchase of rental property – Property I – MaoYe Property | Jan. 04, 2008 | 5,554 | 894
Currency translation |  | - | (87)
Reclassification as “Assets held for sale” | July 01, 2018 | (5,554) | (807)
Reclassification from “Assets held for sale” | Mar. 31, 2019 | 2,024 | 301
| 2,024 | 301
Purchase of rental property – Property II - JiangHuai | Jan. 06, 2010 | 3,600 | 580
Purchase of rental property – Property III - FuLi | Apr. 08, 2010 | 4,025 | 648
Currency translation |  | - | (166)
Gross investment in rental property |  | 9,649 | 1,363
Accumulated depreciation on rental property | June 30, 2020 | (6,558) | (940)
Reclassified as “Assets held for sale”-Mao Ye Property | July 01, 2018 | 2,822 | 410
Reclassification from “Assets held for sale”- Mao Ye Property | Mar. 31, 2019 | (1,029) | (143)
| (4,765) | (673)
Net investment in property – China |  | 4,884 | 690

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Rental Property I - Mao Ye Property
In fiscal 2008, TTCQ purchased an office in Chongqing, China from MaoYe Property Ltd. (“MaoYe”) for a total cash purchase price of RMB 5,554, or approximately $894.
Property purchased from MaoYe generated a rental income of $6 and $9 during the three and nine months ended March 31, 2021 as compared to $8 and $24 for the same periods, respectively, in last fiscal year.
Depreciation expense for MaoYe was $4 and $11 for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2021, respectively as compared to $4 and $12 for the same periods in the last fiscal year.
Rental Property II - JiangHuai
In fiscal year 2010, TTCQ purchased eight units of commercial property in Chongqing, China from Chongqing JiangHuai Real Estate Development Co. Ltd. (“JiangHuai”) for a total purchase price of RMB 3,600, or approximately $580. TTCQ has yet to receive the title deed for these properties. TTCQ was in the legal process of obtaining the title deed until the developer encountered cash flow difficulties in recent years. Since fiscal year 2018, JiangHuai has been under liquidation and is now undergoing asset distribution. Nonetheless, this is not expected to affect the property’s market value but, in view of the COVID-19 pandemic and current economic situation, it is likely to be more tedious and time-consuming for the Court in their execution of the sale.
Property purchased from JiangHuai did not generate any rental income for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020.
Depreciation expense for JiangHuai was $6 and $19 for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2021, respectively as compared to $6 and $20 for the same periods in last fiscal year.
Rental Property III – FuLi
In fiscal 2010, TTCQ entered into a Memorandum Agreement with Chongqing FuLi Real Estate Development Co. Ltd. (“FuLi”) to purchase two commercial properties totaling 311.99 square meters (“office space”) located in Jiang Bei District Chongqing. The total purchase price committed and paid was RMB 4,025, or approximately $648. The development was completed, the property was handed over to TTCQ in April 2013 and the title deed was received during the third quarter of fiscal 2014.
One of the two commercial properties was leased by TTCQ to a third party under a two years lease to rent out the 154.49 square meter at a monthly rate of RMB9, or approximately $1, commencing from May 21, 2021 to May 23, 2023.
For the other leased property, TTCQ renewed the lease agreement to rent out the 161 square meter space at a monthly rate of RMB 10, or approximately $1, from November 1, 2019 to October 31, 2020. After which, TTCQ renewed the lease agreement at a monthly rate of RMB 10, or approximately $1, from November 1, 2020 to April 30, 2021 and May 1, 2021 to October 31, 2021.
Properties purchased from FuLi generated a rental income of $5 and $12 for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2021, respectively, as compared to $8 and $25 for the same periods in the last fiscal year.
Depreciation expense for FuLi was $7 and $22 for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2021, respectively, as compared to $7 and $20 for the same periods in the last fiscal year.
Summary
Total rental income for all investment properties in China was $11 and $21 for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2021, respectively, as compared to $16 and $49 for the same periods, respectively, in the last fiscal year.
Depreciation expenses for all investment properties in China were $17 and $52 for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2021, respectively, as compared to $17 and $52 same periods, respectively, in the last fiscal year.
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8. OTHER ASSETS
Other assets consisted of the following:

| Mar. 31, 2021 (Unaudited) | June 30, 2020
Down payment for purchase of investment properties * | $1,645 | $1,645
Down payment for purchase of property, plant and equipment | 82 | 8
Deposits for rental and utilities | 117 | 171
Currency translation effect | (135) | (215)
Total | $1,709 | $1,609

*
Down payment for purchase of investment properties included:

| RMB | U.S. Dollars
Original Investment (10% of Jun Zhou equity) | $10,000 | $1,606
Less: Management Fee | (5,000) | (803)
Net Investment | 5,000 | 803
Less: Share of Loss on Joint Venture | (137) | (22)
Net Investment as Down Payment(Note *a) | 4,863 | 781
Loans Receivable | 5,000 | 814
Interest Receivable | 1,250 | 200
Less: Impairment of Interest | (906) | (150)
Transferred to Down Payment (Note *b) | 5,344 | 864
* Down Payment for Purchase of Investment Properties | $10,207 | $1,645

a)
On December 2, 2010, the Company signed a Joint Venture agreement (“agreement”) with Jia Sheng Property Development Co. Ltd. (“Developer”) to form a new company, Jun Zhou Co., Limited (“Joint Venture” or “Jun Zhou”) to joint develop the “Singapore Themed Park” project (the “project”), where the Company paid RMB 10 million for the 10% investment in the joint venture. The Developer paid the Company a management fee of RMB 5 million in cash upon signing of the agreement with a remaining fee of RMB 5 million payable upon fulfilment of certain conditions in accordance with the agreement. The Company further reduced its investment by RMB 137, or approximately $22, towards the losses from operations incurred by the joint venture.
On October 2, 2013, the Company disposed of its entire 10% interest in the joint venture. The Company recognized the disposal of its 10% investment in Jun Zhou based on the recorded net book value of RMB 5 million or equivalent to U.S. $803K, from net considerations paid, in accordance with U.S. GAAP under ASC Topic 845 Non-monetary Consideration. It’s presented under “Other Assets” as non-current assets to defer the recognition of the gain on the disposal of the 10% interest in joint venture investment until such time that the consideration is paid, so that the gain can be ascertained.
b)
Amounts of RMB 5,000, or approximately $760, as disclosed in Note 5, plus the interest receivable on long term loan receivable of RMB 1,250, or approximately $200, and impairment on interest of RMB 906, or approximately $150.
The shop lots are to be delivered to TTCQ upon completion of the construction of the shop lots in Singapore Themed Resort Project. The initial targeted date of completion was December 31, 2016. Based on discussion with the developers, the completion date is currently estimated to be December 31, 2022. The delay was primarily due to the time needed by the developers to work with various parties to inject sufficient funds into this project.
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9. LINES OF CREDIT
Carrying value of the Company’s lines of credit approximates its fair value because the interest rates associated with the lines of credit are adjustable in accordance with market situations when the Company borrowed funds with similar terms and remaining maturities.
The Company’s credit rating provides it with readily and adequate access to funds in global markets.
As of March 31, 2021, the Company had certain lines of credit that are collateralized by restricted deposits.

Entity with | Type of | Interest | Expiration | Credit | Unused
Facility | Facility | Rate | Date | Limitation | Credit
Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd., Singapore | Lines of Credit | Ranging from 1.85% to 5.5%, SIBOR rate +1.25% and LIBOR rate +1.30% | - | $4,230 | $4,230
Universal (Far East) Pte. Ltd. | Lines of Credit | Ranging from 1.85% to 5.5% | - | $1,113 | $929
Trio-Tech Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. | Revolving Credit | Cost of Funds Rate +2% | - | $361 | $361

As of June 30, 2020, the Company had certain lines of credit that are collateralized by restricted deposits.

Entity with | Type of | Interest | Expiration | Credit | Unused
Facility | Facility | Rate | Date | Limitation | Credit
Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd., Singapore | Lines of Credit | Ranging from 1.85% to 5.5%, SIBOR rate +1.25% and LIBOR rate +1.30% | - | $4,806 | $4,806
Universal (Far East) Pte. Ltd. | Lines of Credit | Ranging from 1.85% to 5.5% | - | $359 | $187
Trio-Tech Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. | Revolving Credit | Cost of Funds Rate +2% | - | $350 | $350

10. ACCRUED EXPENSES
Accrued expenses consisted of the following:

| Mar. 30, 2021 (Unaudited) | June 30, 2020
Payroll and related costs | $1,131 | $1,185
Commissions | 76 | 104
Customer deposits | 38 | 30
Legal and audit | 284 | 315
Sales tax | (2) | 19
Utilities | 78 | 80
Warranty | 12 | 12
Accrued purchase of materials and property, plant and equipment | 549 | 186
Provision for re-instatement | 290 | 300
Deferred income | 85 | 88
Contract liabilities | 584 | 476
Other accrued expenses | 256 | 287
Currency translation effect | 86 | (77)
Total | $3,467 | $3,005

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11. WARRANTY ACCRUAL
The Company provides for the estimated costs that may be incurred under its warranty program at the time the sale is recorded. The warranty period of the products manufactured by the Company is generally one year or the warranty period agreed with the customer. The Company estimates the warranty costs based on the historical rates of warranty returns. The Company periodically assesses the adequacy of its recorded warranty liability and adjusts the amounts as necessary.

| Mar. 31, 2021 (Unaudited) | June 30, 2020
Beginning | $12 | $39
Additions charged to cost and expenses | 2 | 1
Reversal | (2) | (27)
Currency translation effect | - | (1)
Ending | $12 | $12

12. BANK LOANS PAYABLE
Bank loans payable consisted of the following:

| Mar. 31, 2021 (Unaudited) | June 30, 2020
Note payable denominated in RM for expansion plans in Malaysia, maturing in August 2028, bearing interest at the bank’s prime rate less 2.00% (3.85% for both March 31, 2021 and June 30, 2020) per annum, with monthly payments of principal plus interest through August 2028, collateralized by the acquired building with a carrying value of $2,591 and $2,543, as at March 31, 2021 and June 30, 2020, respectively. | 1,982 | 2,206
Financing arrangement at fixed interest rate 3.2% per annum, with monthly payments of principal plus interest through July 2025. | 185 | -
Total bank loans payable | $2,167 | $2,206

Current portion of bank loans payable | 424 | 384
Currency translation effect on current portion of bank loans | 11 | (14)
Current portion of bank loans payable | 435 | 370
Long-term portion of bank loans payable | 1,675 | 1,911
Currency translation effect on long-term portion of bank loans | 57 | (75)
Long-term portion of bank loans payable | $1,732 | $1,836

Future minimum payments (excluding interest) as at March 31, 2021 were as follows:

Remainder of fiscal 2021 | $108
2022 | 439
2023 | 457
2024 | 461
2025 | 208
Thereafter | 494
Total obligations and commitments | $2,167

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Future minimum payments (excluding interest) as at June 30, 2020 were as follows:

2021 | $370
2022 | 384
2023 | 400
2024 | 403
2025 | 158
Thereafter | 491
Total obligations and commitments | $2,206

13. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
The Company had capital commitments in China and Malaysia for the purchase of equipment and other related infrastructure costs amounting to RMB 1,469, or approximately $224, and MYR 5, or approximately $1, respectively as at March 31, 2021, as compared to no capital commitment as at June 30, 2020.
Deposits with banks in China are not insured by the local government or agency, and are consequently exposed to risk of loss. The Company believes the probability of a bank failure, causing loss to the Company, is remote.
The Company is, from time to time, the subject of litigation claims and assessments arising out of matters occurring in its normal business operations. In the opinion of management, resolution of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial statements.
14. BUSINESS SEGMENTS
The Company generates revenue primarily from 3 different segments: Manufacturing, Testing and Distribution. The Company accounts for a contract with a customer when there is approval and commitment from both parties, the rights of the parties are identified, payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance and collectability of consideration is probable. The Company’s revenues are measured based on consideration stipulated in the arrangement with each customer, net of any sales incentives and amounts collected on behalf of third parties, such as sales taxes. The revenues are recognized as separate performance obligations that are satisfied by transferring control of the product or service to the customer.
The revenue allocated to individual countries was based on where the customers were located. The allocation of the cost of equipment, the current year investment in new equipment and depreciation expense have been made based on the primary purpose for which the equipment was acquired.
Significant Judgments
The Company’s arrangements with its customers include various combinations of products and services, which are generally capable of being distinct and accounted for as separate performance obligations. A product or service is considered distinct if it is separately identifiable from other deliverables in the arrangement and if a customer can benefit from it on its own or with other resources that are readily available to the customer.
The Company allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation on a relative standalone selling price basis (“SSP”). Determining the SSP for each distinct performance obligation and allocation of consideration from an arrangement to the individual performance obligations and the appropriate timing of revenue recognition are significant judgments with respect to these arrangements. The Company typically establishes the SSP based on observable prices of products or services sold separately in comparable circumstances to similar clients. The Company may estimate SSP by considering internal costs, profit objectives and pricing practices in certain circumstances.
Warranties, discounts and allowances are estimated using historical and recent data trends. The Company includes estimates in the transaction price only to the extent that a significant reversal of revenue is not probable in subsequent periods. The Company’s products and services are generally not sold with a right of return, nor has the Company experienced significant returns from or refunds to its customers.
Manufacturing
The Company primarily derives revenue from the sale of both front-end and back-end semiconductor test equipment and related peripherals, maintenance and support of all these products, installation and training services and the sale of spare parts. The Company’s revenues are measured based on consideration stipulated in the arrangement with each customer, net of any sales incentives and amounts collected on behalf of third parties, such as sales taxes.
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The Company recognizes revenue at a point in time when the Company has satisfied its performance obligation by transferring control of the product to the customer. The Company uses judgment to evaluate whether the control has transferred by considering several indicators, including:
●
whether the Company has a present right to payment;
●
the customer has legal title;
●
the customer has physical possession;
●
the customer has significant risk and rewards of ownership; and
●
the customer has accepted the product, or whether customer acceptance is considered a formality based on history of acceptance of similar products (for example, when the customer has previously accepted the same equipment, with the same specifications, and when we can objectively demonstrate that the tool meets all the required acceptance criteria, and when the installation of the system is deemed perfunctory).
Not all indicators need to be met for the Company to conclude that control has transferred to the customer. In circumstances in which revenue is recognized prior to the product acceptance, the portion of revenue associated with its performance obligations of product installation and training services are deferred and recognized upon acceptance.
The majority of sales under the Manufacturing segment include a standard 12-month warranty. The Company has concluded that the warranty provided for standard products are assurance type warranties and are not separate performance obligations. Warranty provided for customized products are service warranties and are separate performance obligations. Transaction prices are allocated to this performance obligation using cost plus method. The portion of revenue associated with warranty service is deferred and recognized as revenue over the warranty period, as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits of warranty services provided by the Company.
Testing
The Company renders testing services to manufacturers and purchasers of semiconductors and other entities who either lack testing capabilities or whose in-house screening facilities are insufficient. The Company primarily derives testing revenue from burn-in services, manpower supply and other associated services. SSP is directly observable from the sales orders. Revenue is allocated to performance obligations satisfied at a point in time depending upon terms of the sales order. Generally, there is no other performance obligation other than what has been stated inside the sales order for each of these sales.
Terms of contract that may indicate potential variable consideration include warranty, late delivery penalty and reimbursement to solve non-conformance issues for rejected products. Based on historical and recent data trends, it is concluded that these terms of the contract do not represent potential variable consideration. The transaction price is not contingent on the occurrence of any future event.
Distribution
The Company distributes complementary products, particularly equipment, industrial products and components by manufacturers mainly from the U.S., Europe, Taiwan and Japan. The Company recognizes revenue from product sales at a point in time when the Company has satisfied its performance obligation by transferring control of the product to the customer. The Company uses judgment to evaluate whether control has transferred by considering several indicators discussed above. The Company recognizes the revenue at a point in time, generally upon shipment or delivery of the products to the customer or distributors, depending upon terms of the sales order.
All inter-segment revenue was from the manufacturing segment to the testing and distribution segments. Total inter-segment revenue was $194 for the three months ended March 31, 2021, as compared to $373 for the same period in the last fiscal year. Corporate assets mainly consisted of cash and prepaid expenses. Corporate expenses mainly consisted of stock option expenses, salaries, insurance, professional expenses and directors' fees. Corporate expenses are allocated to the four segments. The following segment information table includes segment operating income or loss after including the corporate expenses allocated to the segments, which gets eliminated in the consolidation.
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The following segment information is unaudited for the nine months ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020:
Business Segment Information:

| Nine Months Ended Mar. 31, | Net Revenue | Operating Income / (Loss) | Total Assets | Depr. And Amort. | Capital Expenditures
Manufacturing | 2021 | $9,324 | 277 | 12,576 | 310 | 214
| 2020 | $8,881 | (201) | 9,871 | 297 | 124
Testing Services | 2021 | 10,018 | (993) | 21,364 | 1,859 | 407
| 2020 | 12,018 | (540) | 22,332 | 1,999 | 724
Distribution | 2021 | 3,790 | 407 | 983 | - | -
| 2020 | 6,338 | 599 | 869 | 3 | -
Real Estate | 2021 | 22 | (84) | 3,784 | 55 | -
| 2020 | 49 | (82) | 3,584 | 51 |
Fabrication | 2021 | - | - | - | - | -
Services * | 2020 | - | - | 23 | - | -
Corporate & | 2021 | - | (36) | 418 | - | -
Unallocated | 2020 | - | (94) | 117 | - | -
Total Company | 2021 | $23,154 | (429) | 39,125 | 2,224 | 621
| 2020 | $27,286 | $(318) | $36,796 | $2,350 | $848

The following segment information is unaudited for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020:
Business Segment Information:

| Three Months Ended Mar. 31, | Net Revenue | Operating Income / (Loss) | Total Assets | Depr. And Amort. | Capital Expenditures
Manufacturing | 2021 | $3,130 | 214 | 12,576 | 98 | 60
| 2020 | $2,519 | (102) | 9,871 | 101 | 89
Testing Services | 2021 | 3,504 | (320) | 21,364 | 637 | 344
| 2020 | 3,741 | (447) | 22,332 | 655 | 15
Distribution | 2021 | 1,467 | 163 | 983 | - | -
| 2020 | 2,225 | 207 | 869 | 1 | -
Real Estate | 2021 | 11 | (23) | 3,784 | 20 | -
| 2020 | 16 | (30) | 3,584 | 17 |
Fabrication | 2021 | - | - | - | - | -
Services * | 2020 | - | - | 23 | - | -
Corporate & | 2021 | - | (99) | 418 | - | -
Unallocated | 2020 | - | 5 | 117 | - | -
Total Company | 2021 | $8,112 | (65) | 39,125 | 755 | 404
| 2020 | $8,501 | $(367) | $36,796 | $774 | $104

* Fabrication services is a discontinued operation.
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15. OTHER INCOME
Other income consisted of the following:

| Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended
| Mar. 31, | Mar. 31, | Mar. 31, | Mar. 31,
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020
| Unaudited | Unaudited | Unaudited | Unaudited
Interest income | $26 | $46 | $96 | $130
Other rental income | 25 | 30 | 70 | 90
Exchange loss | 58 | 94 | (79) | 33
Bad debt recovery | - | - | 10 | 11
Dividend income | - | - | 32 | -
Government grant | 152 | 266 | 412 | 295
Other miscellaneous income | 12 | 4 | 86 | 31
Total | $273 | $440 | $627 | $590

The Company received financial assistance in the form of government grants from the Singapore and Malaysia governments amid the COVID-19 pandemic. The grants amounted to $107 and $350 for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2021, respectively, compared to the government grants received amounting to $263 for the same period in the previous fiscal year.
16. INCOME TAX
The Company is subject to income taxes in the U.S. and numerous foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in determining the provision for income taxes and income tax assets and liabilities, including evaluating uncertainties in the application of accounting principles and complex tax laws. The statute of limitations, in general, is open for years 2014 to 2020 for tax authorities in those jurisdictions to audit or examine income tax returns. The Company is under annual review by the tax authorities of the respective jurisdiction to which the subsidiaries belong.
The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) was enacted on December 22, 2017, and reduced the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, eliminated corporate Alternative Minimum Tax, modified rules for expensing capital investment, and limited the deduction of interest expense for certain companies. The Act is a fundamental change to the taxation of multinational companies, including a shift from a system of worldwide taxation with some deferral elements to a territorial system, current taxation of certain foreign income, a minimum tax on low tax foreign earnings, and new measures to curtail base erosion and promote U.S. production.
Due to the enactment of the Tax Act, the Company is subject to a tax on global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”). GILTI is a tax on foreign income in excess of a deemed return on tangible assets of foreign corporations. Companies subject to GILTI have the option to account for the GILTI tax as a period cost if and when incurred, or to recognize deferred taxes for temporary differences including outside basis differences expected to reverse as GILTI. The Company has elected to account for GILTI as a period cost. GILTI expense was $13 for the period ended Mar 31, 2021.
The Company's income tax expense was $118 for the three months ended March 31, 2021, as compared to income tax benefit of $8 for the three months ended March 31, 2020. Our effective tax rate (“ETR”) from continuing operations was 64.5% and (80.0%) for the quarters ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020, respectively. The increase in income tax expense and effective tax rate was due to the following:
1) The Company recorded a tax reversal of $70 due to reversal of provision for the GILTI tax coupled with the tax loss incurred from the adverse impact from COVID-19 during the three months ended March 31, 2020.
2) The Singapore operations incurred higher income tax due to higher income generated coupled with tax benefit, which was fully utilized during three months ended March 31, 2021
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The Company's income tax expense was $125 for the nine months ended March 31, 2021, as compared to of $112 for the nine months ended March 31, 2020. Our effective tax rate (“ETR”) from continuing operations was 123% and 9% for the nine months ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020, respectively. The increase in effective tax rate was due to the following:
1)
The Singapore operations incurred higher income tax due to higher income generated coupled with a tax benefit, which was fully utilized during the nine months ended March 31, 2021.
2)
The Company incurred tax loss resulting from the adverse impact from COVID-19 during nine months ended March 31, 2020.
3)
The Company recorded a income tax benefit of $35 as a result of a tax refund in the China operation during nine months ended March 31, 2020.
The Company accrues penalties and interest related to unrecognized tax benefits when necessary as a component of penalties and interest expenses, respectively. The Company had no unrecognized tax benefits or related accrued penalties or interest expenses at March 31, 2021.
In assessing the ability to realize the deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Based on these criteria, management believes it is more likely than not the Company will not realize the benefits of the federal, state, and foreign deductible differences. Accordingly, a full valuation allowance has been established.
17. CONTRACT BALANCES
The timing of revenue recognition, billings and collections may result in billed accounts receivable, unbilled receivables (contract assets), and customer advances and deposits (contract liabilities). The Company’s payment terms and conditions vary by contract type, although terms generally include a requirement of payment of 70% to 90% of total contract consideration within 30 to 60 days of shipment with the remainder payable within 30 days of acceptance. In instances where the timing of revenue recognition differs from the timing of invoicing, the Company has determined that its contracts generally do not include a significant financing component.
Contract assets were recorded under other receivable while contract liabilities were recorded under accrued expenses in the balance sheet.
The following table is the reconciliation of contract balances.

|  | Mar. 31, 2021 (Unaudited) |  |  | June 30, 2020 |
Trade Accounts Receivable |  |  | 6,997 |  |  |  | 5,951 |
Accounts Payable |  |  | 2,997 |  |  |  | 2,590 |
Contract Assets |  |  | 308 |  |  |  | 216 |
Contract Liabilities |  |  | 584 |  |  |  | 476 |

Remaining Performance Obligation
As at March 31, 2021, the Company had $600 in remaining performance obligations, which represents our obligation to deliver products and services. Given the profile of contract terms, approximately 80.0% of this amount is expected to be recognized as revenue over the next two years, with the remaining amount expected to be recognized between three and five years.
Refer to note 14 “Business Segments” of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for information related to revenue.
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18. EARNINGS PER SHARE
The Company adopted ASC Topic 260, Earnings Per Share. Basic Earnings Per Share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income available to common shareholders (numerator) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding (denominator) during the period. Diluted EPS give effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during a period. In computing diluted EPS, the average price for the period is used in determining the number of shares assumed to be purchased from the exercise of stock options and warrants.
Options to purchase 674,500 shares of Common Stock at exercise prices ranging from $2.53 to $5.98 per share were outstanding as of March 31, 2021. 140,000 stock options were excluded in the computation of diluted EPS for the three months ended March 31, 2021 because they were anti-dilutive.
Options to purchase 763,500 shares of Common Stock at exercise prices ranging from $2.53 to $5.98 per share were outstanding as of March 31, 2020. 212,500 stock options were excluded in the computation of diluted EPS for the three months ended March 31, 2020 because they were anti-dilutive.
The following table is a reconciliation of the weighted average shares used in the computation of basic and diluted EPS for the period presented herein:

| Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended
| Mar. 31, | Mar. 31, | Mar. 31, | Mar. 31,
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020
| (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | (Unaudited)
Income attributable to Trio-Tech International common shareholders from continuing operations, net of tax | $177 | $81 | $418 | $780
Income / (loss) attributable to Trio-Tech International common shareholders from discontinued operations, net of tax | 1 | (11) | (13) | (11)
Net income attributable to Trio-Tech International Common Shareholders | $178 | $70 | $405 | $769
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - basic | 3,913 | 3,673 | 3,913 | 3,673
Dilutive effect of stock options | 133 | 86 | 117 | 61
Number of shares used to compute earnings per share - diluted | 4,046 | 3,759 | 4,030 | 3,734
Basic earnings per share from continuing operations attributable to Trio-Tech International | $0.05 | 0.02 | 0.11 | 0.21
Basic earnings per share from discontinued operations attributable to Trio-Tech International | - | - | - | -
Basic earnings per share from net income attributable to Trio-Tech International | $0.05 | $0.02 | $0.11 | $0.21
Diluted earnings per share from continuing operations attributable to Trio-Tech International | $0.04 | 0.02 | 0.10 | 0.21
Diluted earnings per share from discontinued operations attributable to Trio-Tech International | - | - | - | -
Diluted earnings per share from net income attributable to Trio-Tech International | $0.04 | $0.02 | $0.10 | $0.21

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19. STOCK OPTIONS
On September 24, 2007, the Company’s Board of Directors unanimously adopted the 2007 Employee Stock Option Plan (the “2007 Employee Plan”) and the 2007 Directors Equity Incentive Plan (the “2007 Directors Plan”), each of which was approved by the shareholders on December 3, 2007. Each of those plans was amended during the term of such plan to increase the number of shares covered thereby. As of the last amendment thereof, the 2007 Employee Plan covered an aggregate of 600,000 shares of the Company’s Common Stock and the 2007 Directors Plan covered an aggregate of 500,000 shares of the Company’s Common Stock. Each of those plans terminated by its respective terms on September 24, 2017. These two plans were administered by the Board, which also established the terms of the awards.
On September 14, 2017, the Company’s Board of Directors unanimously adopted the 2017 Employee Stock Option Plan (the “2017 Employee Plan”) and the 2017 Directors Equity Incentive Plan (the “2017 Directors Plan”), each of which was approved by the shareholders on December 4, 2017. Each of these plans is administered by the Board of Directors of the Company.
Assumptions
The fair value for the options granted were estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions, assuming no expected dividends:

| Nine Months Ended March 31, |
| 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Expected volatility |  | 45.38% to 81.97% |  |  |  | 45.38% to 65.49% |
Risk-free interest rate |  | 0.14% to 2.35% |  |  |  | 0.30% to 2.35% |
Expected life (years) |  | 0.25 -4.51 |  |  |  | 2.5-3.25 |

The expected volatilities are based on the historical volatility of the Company’s stock. Due to lower volatility, the observation is made on a daily basis for the nine months ended March 31, 2021. The observation period covered is consistent with the expected life of options. The expected life of the options granted to employees has been determined utilizing the “simplified” method as prescribed by ASC Topic 718 Stock Based Compensation, which, among other provisions, allows companies without access to adequate historical data about employee exercise behavior to use a simplified approach for estimating the expected life of a "plain vanilla" option grant. The simplified rule for estimating the expected life of such an option is the average of the time to vesting and the full term of the option. The risk-free rate is consistent with the expected life of the stock options and is based on the United States Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant.
2017 Employee Stock Option Plan
The Company’s 2017 Employee Plan permits the grant of stock options to its employees covering up to an aggregate of 300,000 shares of Common Stock. Under the 2017 Employee Plan, all options must be granted with an exercise price of not less than fair value as of the grant date and the options granted must be exercisable within a maximum of ten years after the date of grant, or such lesser period of time as is set forth in the stock option agreements. The options may be exercisable (a) immediately as of the effective date of the stock option agreement granting the option, or (b) in accordance with a schedule related to the date of the grant of the option, the date of first employment, or such other date as may be set by the Compensation Committee. Generally, options granted under the 2017 Employee Plan are exercisable within five years after the date of grant, and vest over the period as follows: 25% vesting on the grant date and the remaining balance vesting in equal installments on the next three succeeding anniversaries of the grant date. The share-based compensation will be recognized in terms of the grade method on a straight-line basis for each separately vesting portion of the award. Certain option awards provide for accelerated vesting if there is a change in control (as defined in the 2017 Employee Plan).
During the second and third quarter of fiscal year 2021, the Company granted options to purchase 11,000 and 60,000 shares of its Common Stock to employees pursuant to the 2017 Employee Plan, respectively. There were no stock options granted under the 2017 Employee Plan exercised during the nine-month period ended March 31, 2021. The Company recognized $45 stock-based compensation expenses during the nine months ended March 31, 2021.
During the third quarter of fiscal year 2020, the Company granted options to purchase 60,000 shares of its Common Stock to employees pursuant to the 2017 Employee Plan. There were no stock options exercised during the nine-month period ended March 31, 2020. The Company recognized $28 stock-based compensation expenses during the nine months ended March 31, 2020.
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As of March 31, 2021, there were vested stock options granted under the 2017 Employee Plan covering a total of 149,750 shares of Common Stock. The weighted-average exercise price was $4.46 and the weighted average remaining contractual term was 2.99 years.
As of March 31, 2020, there were vested stock options granted under the 2017 Employee Plan covering a total of 83,000 shares of Common Stock. The weighted-average exercise price was $4.65 and the weighted average remaining contractual term was 3.60 years.
A summary of option activities under the 2017 Employee Plan during the nine months ended March 31, 2021 is presented as follows:

| Options | Weighted Average Exercise Price | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years) | Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at July 1, 2020 | 196,000 | $3.92 | 3.72 | $36.00
Granted | 71,000 | 5.03 | - | -
Exercised | - | - | - | -
Forfeited or expired | - | - | - | -
Outstanding at March 31, 2021 | 267,000 | $4.21 | 3.47 | $210.40
Exercisable at March 31, 2021 | 149,750 | $4.46 | 2.99 | $106.07

A summary of the status of the Company’s non-vested employee stock options during the nine months ended March 31, 2021 is presented below:

| Options | Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Non-vested at July 1, 2020 | 98,000 | $3.39
Granted | 71,000 | -
Vested | (51,750) | -
Forfeited | - | -
Non-vested at March 31, 2021 | 117,250 | $3.90

A summary of option activities under the 2017 Employee Plan during the nine months ended March 31, 2020 is presented as follows:

| Options | Weighted Average Exercise Price | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years) | Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at July 1, 2019 | 136,000 | $4.53 | 4.28 | $-
Granted | 60,000 | 2.53 | 4.98 | -
Exercised | - | - | - | -
Forfeited or expired | - | - | - | -
Outstanding at March 31, 2020 | 196,000 | $3.91 | 3.97 | $9.6
Exercisable at March 31, 2020 | 83,000 | $4.65 | 3.60 | $2.4

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A summary of the status of the Company’s non-vested employee stock options during the nine months ended March 31, 2020 is presented below:

| Options | Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Non-vested at July 1, 2019 | 87,000 | $4.28
Granted | 60,000 | 2.53
Vested | (34,000) | 4.19
Forfeited | - | -
Non-vested at March 31, 2020 | 113,000 | $3.37

2007 Employee Stock Option Plan
The 2007 Employee Plan terminated by its terms on September 24, 2017 and no further options may be granted thereunder. However, the options outstanding thereunder continue to remain outstanding and in effect in accordance with their terms. The 2007 Employee Plan permitted the issuance of options to employees.
As the 2007 Plan has terminated, the Company did not grant any options pursuant to the 2007 Employee Plan during either the nine months ended March 31, 2021 or March 31, 2020
There were 40,000 and 0 stock options exercised during the nine months ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020, respectively. The Company did not recognize any stock-based compensation expenses during the nine months ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020.
As of March 31, 2021, there were vested stock options granted under the 2007 Employee Plan covering a total of 37,500 shares of Common Stock. The weighted-average exercise price was $4.14 and the weighted average remaining contractual term was 0.99 years.
As of March 31, 2020, there were vested stock options granted under the 2007 Employee Plan covering a total of 77,500 shares of Common Stock. The weighted-average exercise price was $3.69 and the weighted average remaining contractual term was 1.46 years.
A summary of option activities under the 2007 Employee Plan during the nine months ended March 31, 2021 is presented as follows:

| Options | Weighted Average Exercise Price | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years) | Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at July 1, 2020 | 77,500 | $3.69 | 1.22 | $-
Granted | - | - | - | -
Exercised | (40,000) | 3.26 | - | -
Forfeited or expired | - | - | - | -
Outstanding at March 31, 2021 | 37,500 | $4.14 | 0.99 | $13.13
Exercisable at March 31, 2021 | 37,500 | $4.14 | 0.99 | $13.13

There were no non-vested employee stock options under the 2007 Employee Plan during the nine months ended March 31, 2021.
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A summary of option activities under the 2007 Employee Plan during the nine months ended March 31, 2020 is presented as follows:

| Options | Weighted Average Exercise Price | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years) | Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at July 1, 2019 | 77,500 | $3.69 | 2.22 | $-
Granted | - | - | - | -
Exercised | - | - | - | -
Forfeited or expired | - | - | - | -
Outstanding at March 31, 2020 | 77,500 | 3.69 | 1.46 | -
Exercisable at March 31, 2020 | 77,500 | $3.69 | 1.46 | $-

A summary of the status of the Company’s non-vested employee stock options under the 2007 Employee Plan during the nine months ended March 31, 2020 is presented below:

| Options | Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Non-vested at July 1, 2019 | 9,375 | $4.14
Granted | - | -
Vested | (9,375) | -
Forfeited | - | -
Non-vested at March 31, 2020 | - | $-

2017 Directors Equity Incentive Plan
The 2017 Directors Plan initially covered an aggregate of 300,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. The Company’s board of directors approved an amendment to the 2017 Directors Plan in September 2020 to increase the shares covered thereby from 300,000 shares to an aggregate of 600,000 shares, which amendment was approved by the Company’s shareholders at the annual meeting held in December 2020. The 2017 Directors Plan permits the grant of options to its directors in the form of non-qualified options and restricted stock. The exercise price of the non-qualified options is required to be 100% of the fair value of the underlying shares on the grant date. The options have five-year contractual terms and are exercisable immediately as of the grant date.
During the third quarter of fiscal year 2021, the Company granted options to purchase 80,000 shares of its Common Stock pursuant to the 2017 Directors Plan. There were no stock options exercised during the nine months ended March 31, 2021. The Company recognized $99 stock-based compensation expenses during the nine months ended March 31, 2021.
During the third quarter of fiscal year 2020, the Company granted options to purchase 80,000 shares of its Common Stock to directors pursuant to the 2017 Directors Plan. There were no stock options exercised during the nine months ended March 31, 2020. The Company recognized stock-based compensation expenses of $24 in the nine months ended March 31, 2020 under the 2017 Directors Plan.
As all the stock options granted under the 2017 Directors Plan vest immediately on the date of grant, there were no unvested stock options granted under the 2017 Directors Plan as of March 31, 2021 or March 31, 2020.
As of March 31, 2021, there were vested stock options granted under the 2017 Directors Plan covering a total of 320,000 shares of Common Stock. The weighted-average exercise price was $4.27 and the weighted average remaining contractual term was 3.47 years.
As of March 31, 2020, there were vested stock options granted under the 2017 Directors Plan covering a total of 240,000 shares of Common Stock. The weighted-average exercise price was $3.93 and the weighted average remaining contractual term was 4 years.
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A summary of option activities under the 2017 Directors Plan during the nine months ended March 31, 2021 is presented as follows:

| Options | Weighted Average Exercise Price | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years) | Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at July 1, 2020 | 240,000 | $3.93 | 3.75 | $48.00
Granted | 80,000 | 5.27 | 4.89 | -
Exercised | - | - | - | -
Forfeited or expired | - | - | - | -
Outstanding at March 31, 2021 | 320,000 | $4.27 | 3.47 | $253.6
Exercisable at March 31, 2021 | 320,000 | $4.27 | 3.47 | $253.6

A summary of option activities under the 2017 Directors Plan during the nine months ended March 31, 2020 is presented as follows:

| Options | Weighted Average Exercise Price | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years) | Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at July 1, 2019 | 160,000 | $4.63 | 4.25 | $-
Granted | 80,000 | 2.53 | 4.98 | -
Exercised | - | - | - | -
Forfeited or expired | - | - | - | -
Outstanding at March 31, 2020 | 240,000 | $3.93 | 4.00 | $12.80
Exercisable at March 31, 2020 | 240,000 | $3.93 | 4.00 | $12.80

2007 Directors Equity Incentive Plan
The 2007 Directors Plan terminated by its terms on September 24, 2017 and no further options may be granted thereunder. However, the options outstanding thereunder continue to remain outstanding and in effect in accordance with their terms. The 2007 Directors Plan permitted the issuance of options to directors.
As the 2007 Plan has terminated, the Company did not grant any options pursuant to the 2007 Directors Plan during the nine months ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020.
200,000 shares of stock options were exercised during the nine months ended March 31, 2021. The Company did not recognize any stock-based compensation expenses during the nine months ended March 31, 2021.
There were no stock options exercised during the nine months ended March 31, 2020. The Company did not recognize any stock-based compensation expenses during the nine months ended March 31, 2020.
As of March 31, 2021, there were vested stock options granted under the 2007 Directors Plan covering a total of 50,000 shares of Common Stock. The weighted-average exercise price was $4.14 and the weighted average remaining contractual term was 0.99 years.
As of March 31, 2020, there were vested stock options granted under the 2007 Directors Plan covering a total of 250,000 shares of Common Stock. The weighted-average exercise price was $3.32 and the weighted average remaining contractual term was 1.08 years
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A summary of option activities under the 2007 Directors Plan during the nine months ended March 31, 2021 is presented as follows:

| Options | Weighted Average Exercise Price | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years) | Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at July 1, 2020 | 250,000 | $3.32 | 0.83 | $22.00
Granted | - | - | - | -
Exercised | (200,000) | 3.12 | - | -
Forfeited or expired | - | - | - | -
Outstanding at March 31, 2021 | 50,000 | $4.14 | 0.99 | $17.50
Exercisable at March 31, 2021 | 50,000 | $4.14 | 0.99 | $17.50

A summary of option activities under the 2007 Directors Plan during the nine months ended March 31, 2020 is presented as follows:

| Options | Weighted Average Exercise Price | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years) | Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at July 1, 2019 | 300,000 | $3.40 | 1.58 | $9.50
Granted | - | - | - | -
Exercised | - | - | - | -
Forfeited or expired | (50,000) | (3.81) | - | -
Outstanding at March 31, 2020 | 250,000 | 3.32 | 1.08 | -
Exercisable at March 31, 2020 | 250,000 | $3.32 | 1.08 | $-

20. LEASES
Company as Lessor
Operating leases under which we are the lessor arise from the leasing of the Company’s commercial and residential real estate investment property. Initial lease terms generally range from 12 to 60 months. Depreciation expense for assets subject to operating leases is taken into account primarily on the straight-line method over a period of twenty years in amounts necessary to reduce the carrying amount of the asset to its estimated residual value. Depreciation expenses relating to the property held as investments in operating leases was $17 for both the three months ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020.
Future minimum rental income in China and Thailand to be received from fiscal year 2021 to fiscal year 2022 on non-cancelable operating leases is contractually due as follows as of March 31, 2021:

2021 | $33
2022 | 122
| $155

Future minimum rental income in China and Thailand to be received from fiscal year 2021 to fiscal year 2022 on non-cancelable operating leases is contractually due as follows as of June 30, 2020:

2021 | $120
2022 | 114
| $234

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Company as Lessee
The Company is the lessee under operating leases for corporate offices and research and development facilities with remaining lease terms of 1 year to 3 years and finance leases for plant and equipment.
Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows (in thousands):

| Mar. 31, 2021 (Unaudited) | June 30, 2020
Finance Leases (Plant and Equipment) |  |
Plant and equipment, at cost | 1,838 | 1,372
Accumulated depreciation | (955) | (526)
Plant and Equipment, Net | 883 | 846
Current portion of finance leases | 216 | 231
Net of current portion of finance leases | 291 | 435
Total Finance Lease Liabilities | 507 | 666
Operating Leases (Corporate Offices, Research and Development Facilities) |  |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | 1,994 | 944
Current portion of operating leases | 659 | 477
Net of current portion of operating leases | 1335 | 467
Total Operating Lease Liabilities | 1,994 | 944

| Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended
| Mar. 31, | Mar. 31, | Mar. 31, | Mar. 31,
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020
| (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | (Unaudited
Lease Cost |  |  |  |
Finance lease cost: |  |  |  |
Interest on finance lease | $15 | $13 | $35 | $37
Amortization of right-of -use assets | 135 | 76 | 260 | 212
Total finance lease cost | 150 | 89 | 295 | 249
Operating Lease Costs | $191 | $167 | $566 | $526

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Other information related to leases was as follows (in thousands except lease term and discount rate):

| Nine months ended
| Mar. 31, | Mar. 31,
| 2021 | 2020
| (Unaudited) | (Unaudited)
Cash Paid for Amounts Included in the Measurement of Lease Liabilities |  |
Operating cash flows from finance leases | $(32) | $(43)
Operating cash flows from operating leases | (565) | (398)
Finance cash flows from finance leases | (192) | (251)
Right-of-Use Assets Obtained in Exchange for New Operating Lease Liabilities | 2,070 | 780
Weighted-Average Remaining Lease Term: |  |
Finance leases | 2.85 | 3.55
Operating leases | 3.36 | 1.89
Weighted-Average Discount Rate: |  |
Finance leases | 3.35% | 3.40%
Operating leases | 4.83% | 4.59%

As of March 31, 2021, future minimum lease payments under finance leases and non-cancelable operating leases were as follows :

| Operating Lease Liabilities | Finance Lease Liabilities
Fiscal Year |  |
Remainder of 2021 | $216 | 64
2022 | $712 | 218
2023 | 516 | 137
2024 | 308 | 111
2025 and thereafter | 425 | 22
Total future minimum lease payments | $2,177 | 552
Less: amount representing interest | (183) | (45)
Present value of net minimum lease payments | 1,994 | 507
Presentation on statement of financial position |  |
Current | $659 | 216
Non-current | $1335 | 291

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As of June 30, 2020, future minimum lease payments under finance leases and non-cancelable operating leases were as follows:

| Operating Lease Liabilities | Finance Lease Liabilities
Fiscal Year |  |
2021 | $509 | 265
2022 | $317 | 211
2023 | 168 | 133
2024 | - | 107
2025 | - | 20
Total future minimum lease payments | $994 | 736
Less: amount representing interest | (50) | (70)
Present value of net minimum lease payments | 944 | 666
Presentation on statement of financial position |  |
Current | $477 | 231
Non-current | $467 | 435

21. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS APPROXIMATE CARRYING VALUE
In accordance with ASC Topics 825 and 820, the following presents assets and liabilities measured and carried at fair value and classified by level of fair value measurement hierarchy:
There were no transfers between Levels 1 and 2 during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020.
Term deposits (Level 2) – The carrying amount approximates fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments.
Restricted term deposits (Level 2) – The carrying amount approximates fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments.
PPP loan (Level 2) – The carrying amount approximates its fair value based on similar short-term debt issues available to the Company.
Lines of credit (Level 3) – The carrying value of the lines of credit approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of the obligations.
Bank loans payable (Level 3) – The carrying value of the Company’s bank loans payable approximates its fair value as the interest rates associated with long-term debt is adjustable in accordance with market situations when the Company borrowed funds with similar terms and remaining maturities.
22. PAYCHECK PROTECTION PROGRAM LOAN
The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act created the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) to provide certain small businesses with liquidity to support their operations during the COVID-19 pandemic. The PPP is a loan program designed to provide a direct incentive for small businesses to keep their employees on payroll.
The loans have a 1% fixed interest rate and are due in two years with payment deferred for the first six months. However, they are eligible for forgiveness (in full or in part, including any accrued interest) under certain conditions and are subject to audit by the U.S. government. The loans will be forgiven if the loan proceeds were used for eligible purposes, including payroll, benefits, rent and utilities, and the Company maintained its payroll levels for eight weeks.
In May 2020, the Company received loan proceeds in the amount of approximately $121 under the PPP. The Company accounted for the PPP loan as a financial liability in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 470 Debt after considering the following aspects: (1) the legal form of a PPP loan is debt regardless of whether the Company expects the loan to be forgiven and (2) given the degree of uncertainty and complexity surrounding the PPP loan forgiveness process, this may impact a Company’s initial assessment.
Under ASC 470, the Company recognizes a liability for the full amount of PPP proceeds received and accrues interest over the term of the loan. No additional interest was imputed at a market rate because the guidance on imputing interest in ASC 835-30 excludes transactions where interest rates are prescribed by a government agency. If any amount is ultimately forgiven (i.e., the Company is legally released from being the loan’s primary obligor in accordance with ASC 405-20), income from the extinguishment of the liability would be recognized in the income statement as a gain on loan extinguishment. The Company intended to use the proceeds for purposes consistent with the PPP. Hence, the Company expects that its use of the loan proceeds will meet the conditions for forgiveness of the loan. In considering the term of the loan and payment deferred portion, the Company determined that the loan would be presented as a current portion of $121 in the balance sheet. Subsequent to the quarterly end, the Company received the full loan forgiveness.
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TRIO-TECH INTERNATIONAL AND SUBSIDIARIES
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE AMOUNTS)
Overview
The following should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and notes in Item I above and with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes, the information under the headings “Risk Factors” and “Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020.
Trio-Tech International (“TTI”) was incorporated in 1958 under the laws of the State of California. As used herein, the term “Trio-Tech” or “Company” or “we” or “us” or “Registrant” includes Trio-Tech International and its subsidiaries unless the context otherwise indicates. Our mailing address and executive offices are located at Block 1008 Toa Payoh North, Unit 03-09 Singapore 318996, and our telephone number is (65) 6265 3300.
The Company is a provider of reliability test equipment and services to the semiconductor industry. Our customers rely on us to verify that their semiconductor components meet or exceed the rigorous reliability standards demanded for aerospace, communications and other electronics products.
TTI generated approximately 99.9% of its revenue from its three core business segments in the test and measurement industry, i.e. manufacturing of test equipment, testing services and distribution of test equipment during the three months ended March 31, 2021. The Real Estate segment contributed only 0.1% to the total revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2021.
Manufacturing
TTI develops and manufactures an extensive range of test equipment used in the "front end" and the "back end" manufacturing processes of semiconductors. Our equipment includes leak detectors, autoclaves, centrifuges, burn-in systems and boards, HAST testers, temperature-controlled chucks, wet benches and more.
Testing
TTI provides comprehensive electrical, environmental, and burn-in testing services to semiconductor manufacturers in our testing laboratories in Asia and the U.S. Our customers include both manufacturers and end-users of semiconductor and electronic components who look to us when they do not want to establish their own facilities. The independent tests are performed to industry and customer specific standards.
Distribution
In addition to marketing our proprietary products, we distribute complementary products made by manufacturers mainly from the U.S., Europe, Taiwan and Japan. The products include environmental chambers, handlers, interface systems, vibration systems, shaker systems, solderability testers and other semiconductor equipment. Besides equipment, we also distribute a wide range of components such as connectors, sockets, LCD display panels and touch-screen panels. Furthermore, our range of products are mainly targeted for industrial products rather than consumer products whereby the life cycle of the industrial products can last from 3 years to 7 years.
Real Estate
Beginning in 2007, TTI has invested in real estate property in Chongqing, China, which has generated investment income from rental revenue, and investment returns from deemed loan receivables, which are classified as other income. The rental income is generated from the rental properties in MaoYe and FuLi in Chongqing, China. In the second quarter of fiscal 2015, the investment in JiaSheng, which was deemed as loans receivable, was transferred to down payment for purchase of investment property in China.
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Impact of COVID-19 on our Business
In December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus (“COVID-19”) was reported to have surfaced in China, resulting in shutdowns of manufacturing and commerce in the months that followed. Since then, the COVID-19 pandemic has spread to multiple countries worldwide and has resulted in authorities implementing numerous measures to try to contain the disease and slow its spread, such as travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, shelter-in-place orders and shutdowns. These measures have created significant uncertainty and economic disruption, both short-term and potentially long-term.
The health and safety of our employees and our customers are a top priority for us. In an effort to protect our employees, we took and continue to take proactive and aggressive actions, starting with the earliest signs of the outbreak, to adopt social distancing policies at our locations, including working from home and suspending employee travel. Our operations have been classified as part of the global supply chain and essential businesses in many jurisdictions, and employees who are working onsite are required to adhere to strict safety measures, including the use of masks and sanitizer, wellness screenings prior to accessing work sites, staggered break times to prevent congregation, prohibitions on physical contact with co-workers or customers, restrictions on access through only a single point of entry and exit, and utilizing video conferencing. We have also incorporated other rules such as restricting visitors to any of our facilities that remain open and proactively providing employees with hand sanitizer.
The most significant near-term impacts of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic on our financial performance are declines in customers’ orders in our distribution segment, and a delay in deliveries for our manufacturing segment. We are seeing signs of recovery as there was an improvement in the manufacturing segments’ financial performance beginning with the second quarter of fiscal 2021, which continued in the third quarter of fiscal 2021.
The Company received an aggregate of $350 from government assistance in the Singapore and Malaysia operations to mitigate the adverse impact on the business from the pandemic for the nine months ended March 31, 2021. The Company also received a PPP loan of $121 in the U.S. operations to support the business amid the pandemic. Subsequent to the quarterly end, the Company received the full loan forgiveness.
As of March 31, 2021, the Company had cash and cash equivalents and short-term deposits totaling $12,324 and an unused line of credit aggregating $5,520. We finance operations primarily through our existing cash balances, cash collected from operations, bank borrowings and capital lease financing. We believe these sources are sufficient to fund our operations for the foreseeable future.
While we have implemented safeguards and procedures to counter the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the full extent to which the pandemic has and will directly or indirectly impact us, including our business, financial condition, and result of operations, will depend on future developments that are highly uncertain and cannot be accurately predicted. This may include further mitigation efforts taken to contain the virus or treat its impact and the economic impact on local, regional, national and international markets. We will continue to actively monitor the situation and may take further actions that alter our business operations as may be required by governments or that we determine are in the best interests of our employees, customers, suppliers and stockholders.
Third Quarter Fiscal Year 2021 Highlights
●
Total revenue decreased by $389, or 4.6%, to $8,112 in the third quarter of fiscal year 2021, compared to $8,501 for the same period in fiscal year 2020.
●
Manufacturing segment revenue increased by $611, or 24.3%, to $3,130 for the third quarter of fiscal year 2021, compared to $2,519 for the same period in fiscal year 2020.
●
Testing segment revenue decreased by $237, or 6.3%, to $3,504 for the third quarter of fiscal year 2021, compared to $3,741 for the same period in fiscal year 2020.
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Distribution segment revenue decreased by $758, or 34.1%, to $1,467 for the third quarter of fiscal year 2021, compared to $2,225 for the same period in fiscal year 2020.
●
Real estate segment rental revenue decreased by $5, or 31.3%, to $11 for the third quarter of fiscal year 2021, compared to $16 for the same period in fiscal year 2020.
●
The overall gross profit margin increased by 4.4% to 25.4% for the third quarter of fiscal year 2021, from 21.0% for the same period in fiscal year 2020.
●
General and administrative expenses increased by $169, or 9.6%, to $1,923 for the third quarter of fiscal year 2021, from $1,754 for the same period in fiscal year 2020.
●
Selling expenses decreased by $58, or 32.0%, to $123 for the third quarter of fiscal year 2021, from $181 for the same period in fiscal year 2020.
●
Other income decreased by $167 to $273 in the third quarter of fiscal year 2021, compared to $440 in the same period in fiscal year 2020.
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●
Loss from operations was $65 for the third quarter of fiscal year 2021, a decrease of $302 as compared to $367 for the same period in fiscal year 2020.
●
Income tax expenses were $118 in the third quarter of fiscal year 2021, a change of $126 as compared to an income tax benefit of $8 in the same period in fiscal year 2020.
●
During the third quarter of fiscal year 2021, profit from continuing operations before non-controlling interest, net of tax was $65, as compared to income from continuing operations before non-controlling interest of $18 for the same period in fiscal year 2020.
●
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest for the third quarter of fiscal year 2021 was $112, an increase of $39 as compared to $73 in the same period in fiscal year 2020.
●
Basic earnings per share for the third quarter of fiscal year 2021 were $0.05, as compared to earnings per share of $0.02 for the same period in fiscal year 2020.
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Dilutive earnings per share for the third quarter of fiscal year 2021 were $0.04, as compared to earnings per share of $0.02 for the same period in fiscal year 2020.
●
Total assets increased by $3,465 to $39,125 as of March 31, 2021, compared to $35,660 as of June 30, 2020.
●
Total liabilities increased by $1,690 to $12,204 as of March 31, 2021, compared to $10,514 as of June 30, 2020.
Results of Operations and Business Outlook
The following table sets forth our revenue components for both the three months and nine months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Revenue Components | Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended
| Mar. 31, | Mar. 31, | Mar. 31, | Mar. 31,
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020
Manufacturing | 38.6% | 29.6% | 40.3% | 32.6%
Testing Services | 43.2 | 44.0 | 43.3 | 44.0
Distribution | 18.1 | 26.2 | 16.3 | 23.2
Real Estate | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2
Total | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0%

Revenue for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2021 was $8,112 and $23,154, respectively, a decrease of $389 and $4,132, respectively, when compared to the revenue for the same periods of the prior fiscal year. As a percentage, revenue decreased by 4.6% and 15.1% for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2021, respectively, when compared to revenue for the same periods of the prior year.
For the three months ended March 31, 2021, the $389 decrease in overall revenue was primarily due to:
●
a decrease in the testing segment in the China and Malaysia operation; and
●
a decrease in the distribution segment in the Singapore operation.
These decreases were partially offset by:
●
an increase in the manufacturing segment in the Singapore operations.
For the nine months ended March 31, 2021, the $4,132 decrease in overall revenue was primarily due to:
●
a decrease in the manufacturing segment in the Singapore operations;
●
a decrease in the testing segment in the Singapore, Malaysia and China operations; and
●
a decrease in the distribution segment in the Singapore operation.
These decreases were partially offset by:
●
an increase in the testing segment in the Thailand operation.
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Total revenue into and within China, the Southeast Asia regions and other countries (except revenue into and within the United States) decreased by $372 (or 4.6%), to $7,713 and by $4,159 (or 15.9%) to $21,944 for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2021, respectively, as compared with $8,085 and $26,103, respectively, for the same periods of last fiscal year.
Total revenue into and within the U.S. was $399 and $1,210 for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2021, respectively, a decrease of $17 and an increase of $27 from $416 and $1,183 for the same periods of the prior year, respectively.
Revenue within our four current segments for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2021 is discussed below.
Manufacturing Segment
Revenue in the manufacturing segment was 38.6% and 40.3% as a percentage of total revenue for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2021, respectively, a decrease of 9.0% and 7.7% of total revenue, respectively, when compared to the same periods of the last fiscal year. The absolute amount of revenue increased by $611 to $3,130 from $2,519 and increased by $443 to $9,324 from $8,881 for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2021, respectively, compared to the same periods of the last fiscal year.
Revenue in the manufacturing segment for the three months ended March 31, 2021 increased primarily due to an increase in orders by customers in the Singapore operation in the third quarter. Despite substantial headwinds caused by the pandemic and customer requested delays in shipment, the demand for our equipment was strong in this quarter.
Revenue in the manufacturing segment from one customer accounted for 23.1% and 24.3% of our total revenue in the manufacturing segment for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and 27.5% and 35.2% of our total revenue in the manufacturing segment for the nine months ended March 31, 2021, and 2020, respectively.
The future revenue in our manufacturing segment will be affected by this one customer's purchase and capital expenditure plans if the customer base cannot be increased.
Testing Services Segment
The testing segment's revenue was 43.2% of total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2021, a decrease of 0.8% as compared to 44% for the same period of the last fiscal year. Revenue in the testing segment was 43.3% as a percentage of total revenue for the nine months ended March 31, 2021, a decrease of 0.7% compared to 44.0% for the same period of the last fiscal year. The absolute amount of revenue decreased by $237 to $3,504 from $3,741 and decreased by $2,000 to $10,018 from $12,018 for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2021, respectively, as compared to the same periods of the last fiscal year.
The revenue in the testing segment from the one customer noted above accounted for 58.6% and 56.1% of our revenue in the testing segment for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and 58.8% and 61.6% of our total revenue in the testing segment for the nine months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The future revenue in the testing segment will be affected by the demands of this customer if the customer base cannot be increased. Demand for testing services varies from country to country, depending on any changes taking place in the market and our customers’ forecasts. As it is challenging to forecast fluctuations in the market accurately, management believes it is necessary to maintain testing facilities in close proximity to the customers in order to make it convenient for them to send us their newly manufactured parts for testing and to enable us to maintain a share of the market.
Distribution Segment
Revenue in the distribution segment was 18.1% and 16.3% as a percentage of total revenue for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2021, respectively, a decrease of 8.1% and 6.9%, respectively, compared to the same periods of the last fiscal year. The absolute amount of revenue decreased by $758 to $1,467 from $2,225 and decreased by $2,548 to $3,790 from $6,338 for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2021, respectively, compared to the same periods of the last fiscal year.
Demand for the distribution segment varies depending on the demand for our customers’ products, the changes taking place in the market, and our customers’ forecasts. Hence it is difficult to forecast fluctuations in the market accurately.
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Real Estate Segment
The real estate segment accounted for 0.1% of total revenue for both the three and nine months ended March 31, 2021, respectively. The absolute amount of revenue in the real estate segment decreased by $5 to $11 from $16 and decreased by $27 to $22 from $49 for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2021, respectively, compared to the same periods of the last fiscal year. The decrease in rental income was mainly due to a decrease in demand amid the uncertainties brought by the pandemic.
Uncertainties and Remedies
Several influencing factors create uncertainties when forecasting performance, such as new innovations in technology, specific customer requirements, a decline in demand for certain types of burn-in devices or equipment, fluctuating demand for testing services and fabrication services, and the highly competitive nature of the semiconductor industry in general. Additionally, some customers are unable to provide a forecast of the products required in the upcoming weeks, making it difficult to plan for the resources needed to meet these customers’ requirements due to short lead time and last-minute order confirmation. This will generally result in a lower margin for these products as it is more expensive to purchase materials in a short time frame. However, the Company has taken particular actions and formulated specific plans to deal with and help mitigate these unpredictable factors. For example, in order to meet manufacturing customers’ demands upon short notice, the Company maintains higher inventories, but continues to work closely with its customers to avoid stockpiling. We believe that we have improved customer service through our efforts to keep our staff up to date on the newest technology and stress the importance of understanding and meeting our customers' stringent requirements. Finally, the Company is exploring new markets and products, looking for new customers, and upgrading and improving burn-in technology while at the same time searching for improved testing methods for higher technology chips.
We are in the process of implementing an ERP System, as part of a multi-year plan to integrate and upgrade our systems and processes. The implementation of this ERP system was scheduled to occur in phases over a few years. The operational and financial systems in our Singapore and Malaysia operations were transitioned to the new system in fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2019, respectively.
The operational and financial systems in our Tianjin and Suzhou operations were fully transitioned to the new system during the second quarter of fiscal 2021. This implementation effort will continue until the Company's consolidation process is substantially automated using the new system.
As a phased implementation of this system occurs, we are experiencing certain changes to our processes and procedures which, in turn, result in changes to our internal control over financial reporting. While we expect the new ERP system to strengthen our internal financial controls by automating certain manual processes and standardizing business processes and reporting across our organization, management will continue to evaluate and monitor our internal controls as processes and procedures in each of the affected areas evolve.
The Company’s primary exposure to movements in foreign currency exchange rates relates to non-U.S. dollar-denominated sales and operating expenses in its subsidiaries. Strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies adversely affects the U.S. dollar value of the Company’s foreign currency-denominated sales and earnings. Generally, it leads the Company to raise international pricing, potentially reducing demand for the Company’s products. Margins on sales of the Company’s products in foreign countries and on sales of products that include components obtained from foreign suppliers could be materially adversely affected by foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. In some circumstances, for competitive or other reasons, the Company may decide not to raise local prices to fully offset the dollar’s strengthening, or at all, which would adversely affect the U.S. dollar value of the Company’s foreign currency-denominated sales and earnings. Conversely, a strengthening of foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar, while generally beneficial to the Company’s foreign currency denominated sales and earnings, could cause the Company to reduce international pricing, thereby limiting the benefit. Additionally, strengthening of foreign currencies may also increase the Company’s cost of product components denominated in those currencies, thus adversely affecting gross margins.
In December 2019, COVID-19 was reported to have surfaced in China, resulting in shutdowns of manufacturing and commerce in the months that followed. Since then, the COVID-19 pandemic has spread to multiple countries worldwide and has resulted in authorities implementing numerous measures to try to contain the disease and slow its spread, such as travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, shelter-in-place orders and shutdowns. These measures have created significant uncertainty and economic disruption, both short-term and potentially long-term.
The spread of COVID-19 has caused us to modify our business practices (including employee travel, employee work locations, and cancellation of physical participation in meetings, events, and conferences), and we may take further actions as may be required by government authorities or that we determine are in the best interest of our employees, customers, partners, and suppliers. There is no certainty that such measures will be sufficient to mitigate the risks posed by the virus and our ability to perform critical functions could be harmed.
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The degree to which COVID-19 impacts our results will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including but not limited to, the duration and spread of the pandemic, its severity, the action to contain the virus or treat its impact, and how quickly and to what extent normal economic and operating conditions can resume. Even after the COVID-19 pandemic has subsided, we may experience material adverse impacts on our business as a result of the global economic impact and any recession that has occurred or may occur in the future. There are no comparable recent events that provide guidance as to the effect the spread of COVID-19 as a global pandemic may have, and, as a result, the ultimate impact of the pandemic on our operations and financial results is highly uncertain and subject to change.
Comparison of the Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020
The following table sets forth certain consolidated statements of income data as a percentage of revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 respectively:

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2021 | 2020
Revenue | 100.0% | 100.0%
Cost of sales | 74.6 | 79.0
Gross Margin | 25.4% | 21.0%
Operating expenses |  |
General and administrative | 23.7% | 20.6%
Selling | 1.5 | 2.2
Research and development | 1.0 | 0.9
Impairment loss on long-lived assets |  | 1.6
Total operating expenses | 26.2% | 25.3%
Loss from Operations | (0.8)% | (4.3)%

Overall Gross Margin
Overall gross margin as a percentage of revenue increased by 4.4% to 25.4% for the three months ended March 31, 2021, from 21.0% for the same period of the last fiscal year.
Gross profit margin as a percentage of revenue in the manufacturing segment increased by 4.9% to 31.4% for the three months ended March 31, 2021, as compared to 26.5% for the same period in the last fiscal year. In absolute dollar amounts, gross profits in the manufacturing segment increased by $314 to $982 for the three months ended March 31, 2021, from $668 for the same period in the last fiscal year. This was due to an improved product mix in the third quarter of fiscal year 2021 compared to the same period in the last fiscal year.
Gross profit margin as a percentage of revenue in the testing segment increased by 2.8% to 24.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2021, compared to 21.5% in the same period of the last fiscal year. Significant portions of our cost of goods sold are fixed in the testing segment. Thus, as the demand for services and factory utilization decreases, the fixed costs are spread over the decreased output, which decreases the gross profit margin. Despite a decrease in the testing revenue, we improved the testing segment’s gross margin as a result of cost control measures in the China and Malaysia operations. In absolute dollar amounts, gross profit in the testing segment increased by $49 to $853 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 from $804 for the same period of the last fiscal year.
Gross profit margin of the distribution segment is not only affected by the market price of the products we distribute, but also the mix of products we distribute, which frequently changes as a result of fluctuations in market demand. Gross profit margin as a percentage of revenue in the distribution segment increased by 1.7% to 15.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2021, from 14.2% in the same period of the last fiscal year. The increase in gross margin was due to the increase in sales of high-profit margin products in our Singapore operation compared to the same period of last fiscal year. In absolute dollar amounts, gross profit in the distribution segment for the three months ended March 31, 2021 was $233 compared to $316 in the same period of the last fiscal year.
In absolute dollar amounts, for the three months ended March 31, 2021, gross loss in the real estate segment was $8, as compared to $2 for the same period of last fiscal year. The increase in gross loss was mainly due to a decrease in rental income amid the pandemic.
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Operating Expenses
Operating expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:

| Three Months Ended March 31,
(Unaudited) | 2021 | 2020
General and administrative | $1,923 | $1,754
Selling | 123 | 181
Research and development | 79 | 79
Impairment loss on the long-lived assets | - | 139
Total | $2,125 | $2,153

General and administrative expenses increased by $169, or 9.6%, from $1,754 to $1,923 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the same period of last fiscal year. The increase in general and administrative expenses was mainly attributable to an increase in payroll-related expenses and stock compensation expenses in the Singapore and U.S. operations.
Selling expenses decreased by $58, or 32.0%, from $181 to $123 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the same period of the last fiscal year. The decrease in selling expenses was primarily attributable to the worldwide travel restrictions imposed to contain the pandemic's spread, which resulted in lower traveling expenses.
Loss from Operations
Loss from operations was $65 for the three months ended March 31, 2021, a decrease of $302, compared to $367 for the same period of last fiscal year. The result was mainly due to the increase in gross profit margin, as previously discussed.
Interest Expense
Interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:

| Three Months Ended March 31,
(Unaudited) | 2021 | 2020
Interest expenses | $25 | $63

Interest expense was $25 for the three months ended March 31, 2021, a decrease of $38, or 60.3%, compared to $63 for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease in the utilization of short-term loans in the Singapore operations. As of March 31, 2021, the Company had a few unused lines of credit aggregating $5,520 as compared to $5,897 at March 31, 2020.
Other Income
Other income for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:

| Three Months Ended March 31,
(Unaudited) | 2021 | 2020
Interest income | $26 | 46
Other rental income | 25 | 30
Exchange loss | 58 | 94
Government grant | 152 | 266
Other miscellaneous income | 12 | 4
Total | $273 | $440

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Other income decreased by $167 from $440 to $273 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the same period in the last fiscal year. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease in the government grant received amounting to $114. The Company received government grants of $152 in aggregate from the local governments in the Singapore and Malaysia operations, of which $107 reflects financial assistance to mitigate the negative impact on businesses amid the pandemic, compared to the government grant received amounting to $263 for the same period of the last fiscal year.
Income Tax (Expenses)/Benefits
The Company's income tax expense was $118 for the three months ended March 31, 2021, a change of $126 as compared to income tax benefit of $8 for the same period in the last fiscal year. The change was primarily because the Company had fully utilized the tax benefits and was subject to tax in the Singapore operation.
Non-controlling Interest
As of March 31, 2021, we held a 55% interest in Trio-Tech (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd., Trio-Tech (Kuala Lumpur) Sdn. Bhd., SHI International Pte. Ltd., and PT. SHI Indonesia. We also held a 76% interest in Prestal Enterprise Sdn. Bhd. The share of net loss from the subsidiaries by the non-controlling interest for the three months ended March 31, 2021 was $112, an increase of $39 compared to $73 for the same period of the previous fiscal year. The increase in the net loss of the non-controlling interest in the subsidiaries was attributable to the increase in net loss generated by the Malaysia operation.
Net Income Attributable to Trio-Tech International Common Shareholders
Net income attributable to Trio-Tech International common shareholders for the three months ended March 31, 2021 was $178, an increase of $108, compared to a net income of $70 for the same period last fiscal year.
Earnings per Share
Basic earnings per share from continuing operations were $0.05 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to $0.02 for the same period in the last fiscal year. Basic earnings per share from discontinued operations were $nil for both the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020.
Diluted earnings per share from continuing operations were $0.04 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 as compared to $0.02 for the same period in the last fiscal year. Diluted earnings per share from discontinued operations were $nil for both the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020.
Segment Information
The revenue, gross margin and income or loss from operations for each segment during the third quarter of fiscal year 2021 and fiscal year 2020 are presented below. As the revenue and gross margin for each segment have been discussed in the previous section, only the comparison of income or loss from operations is discussed below.
Manufacturing Segment
The revenue, gross margin and income / (loss) from operations for the manufacturing segment for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows

| Three Months Ended March 31,
(Unaudited) | 2021 | 2020
Revenue | $3,130 | $2,519
Gross margin | 31.4% | 26.5%
Income / (loss) from operations | $214 | $(102)

Income from operations from the manufacturing segment was $214 compared to a loss from operations of $102 in the same period of the last fiscal year, primarily due to an increase in gross margin of $314. Operating expenses for the manufacturing segment were $768 and $769 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
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Testing Segment
The revenue, gross margin and loss from operations for the testing segment for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:

| Three Months Ended March 31,
(Unaudited) | 2021 | 2020
Revenue | $3,504 | $3,741
Gross margin | 24.3% | 21.5%
Loss from operations | $(320) | $(447)

Loss from operations in the testing segment for the three months ended March 31, 2021 was $320, a decrease of $127 from $447 in the same period of the last fiscal year. The decrease in the loss from operations was mainly attributable to an increase in gross profit, as discussed earlier, and a decrease in operating expenses. Operating expenses were $1,173 and $1,251 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The decrease of $78 in operating expenses was mainly due to a decrease in selling expenses amounting to $40, coupled with the absence of the impairment loss of long-lived asset amounting to $139. These decreases were offset with an increase of $99 from corporate overhead expenses. The decrease in selling expenses was primarily attributable to the worldwide travel restrictions imposed to contain the pandemic's spread, which resulted in lower traveling expenses. The increase in corporate overhead expenses was due to a change in the corporate overhead allocation compared to the same period in the last fiscal year. Corporate charges are allocated on a pre-determined fixed charge basis.
Distribution Segment
The revenue, gross margin and income from operations for the distribution segment for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:

| Three Months Ended March 31,
(Unaudited) | 2021 | 2020
Revenue | $1,467 | $2,225
Gross margin | 15.9% | 14.2%
Income from operations | $163 | $207

Income from operations was $163 for the three months ended March 31, 2021, compared to $207 for the same period of last fiscal year. The decrease of $44 was mainly due to a decrease of $83 in the gross margin, as discussed earlier, offset against a decrease of $30 from the operating expenses. Operating expenses were $70 and $110 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The decrease in operating expenses was mainly due to a decrease in the payroll expenses in the Singapore operation, which resulted in a decrease in general and administrative expenses.
Real Estate Segment
The revenue, gross margin and loss from operations for the real estate segment for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:

| Three Months Ended March 31,
(Unaudited) | 2021 | 2020
Revenue | $11 | $16
Gross margin | (82.0)% | (12.5)%
Loss from operations | $(23) | $(30)

Loss from operations in the real estate segment for the three months ended March 31, 2021 was $23 compared to $30 for the same period of last fiscal year. Operating expenses were $15 and $28 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The decrease in operating expenses by $13 was mainly due to the absence of provision of doubtful debt for the three months ended March 31, 2021.
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Corporate
The (loss) / income from operations for Corporate for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 was as follows:

| Three Months Ended March 31,
(Unaudited) | 2021 | 2020
(Loss) / Income from operations | $(99) | $5

Corporate operating loss was $99 for the three months ended March 31, 2021, an increase of $104 from the corporate operating income of $5 in the same period of the last fiscal year. The increase was mainly attributable to a change in the corporate overhead allocation as compared to the same period last fiscal year. Corporate charges are allocated on a pre-determined fixed charge basis.
Comparison of the Nine Months Ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020
The following table sets forth certain consolidated statements of income data as a percentage of revenue for the nine months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively:

| Nine Months Ended
| Mar. 31, 2021 | Mar. 31, 2020
Revenue | 100.0% | 100.0%
Cost of sales | 76.5 | 78.2
Gross Margin | 23.5% | 21.8%
Operating expenses: |  |
General and administrative | 22.7% | 19.5%
Selling | 1.5 | 2.0
Research and development | 1.2 | 1.0
Impairment loss on long-lived assets |  | 0.5
Gain on disposal of plant and equipment | - | (0.1)
Total operating expenses | 25.4% | 22.9%
(Loss)/ Income from Operations | (1.9)% | (1.1)%

Overall Gross Margin
Overall gross margin as a percentage of revenue increased by 1.7% to 23.5% for the nine months ended March 31, 2021, compared to 21.8% in the same period of last fiscal year. In terms of absolute dollar amounts, gross profit decreased by $495 to $5,448 for the nine months ended March 31, 2021 from $5,943 for the same period of the last fiscal year.
Gross profit margin as a percentage of revenue in the manufacturing segment increased by 2.9% to 26.5% for the nine months ended March 31, 2021, from 23.6% in the same period of the last fiscal year. In absolute dollar amounts, gross profit increased by $377 to $2,469 for the nine months ended March 31, 2021 compared to $2,092 for the same period in the last fiscal year. The gross margin increase as a percentage of revenue was primarily because more orders were received for the nine months ended March 31, 2021, coupled with a higher margin than those in the same period of the prior fiscal year.
Gross profit margin as a percentage of revenue in the testing segment decreased by 1.1% to 23.6% for the nine months ended March 31, 2021 from 24.7% in the same period of the last fiscal year. There was a further deterioration in testing revenue in the Malaysia and China operations where significant portions of our cost of goods sold are fixed. As the demand for services and factory utilization decrease, the fixed costs are spread over the decreased output, which decreases the gross profit margin. However, this negative impact was partially mitigated by management’s efforts at reducing costs in the China and Malaysia operations. In terms of absolute dollar amounts, gross profit in the testing segment decreased by $605 to $2,367 for the nine months ended March 31, 2021, from $2,972 for the same period of the last fiscal year.
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Gross profit margin as a percentage of revenue in the distribution segment increased by 3.2% to 17.1% for the nine months ended March 31, 2021, from 13.9% in the same period of the last fiscal year. In terms of absolute dollar amounts, gross profit in the distribution segment for the nine months ended March 31, 2021 was $648, a decrease of $236 compared to $884 in the same period of the last fiscal year. The decrease in the absolute dollar amount of gross margin resulted from a decrease in distribution revenue in the Singapore operation. The gross profit margin of the distribution segment was affected not only by the market price of our products but also by our product mix, which frequently changes due to fluctuations in market demand.
Gross loss margin as a percentage of revenue in the real estate segment increased by 153.4% to 163.6% for the nine months ended March 31, 2021, from 10.2% in the same period of the last fiscal year. In terms of absolute dollar amounts, gross loss increased by $31 to $36 for the nine months ended March 31, 2021 compared to $5 for the same period in the last fiscal year. The increase in gross loss mainly resulted from a decrease in rental income amid the pandemic.
Operating Expenses
Operating expenses for the nine months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:

| Nine Months Ended
| Mar. 31, 2021 | Mar. 31, 2020
(Unaudited) |  |
General and administrative | $5,245 | $5,319
Selling | 356 | 547
Research and development | 277 | 280
Impairment loss on long-lived asset | - | 139
Gain on disposal of plant and equipment | (1) | (24)
Total | $5,877 | $6,261

General and administrative expenses decreased by $74, or 1.4%, from $5,319 to $5,245 for the nine months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the same period of the last fiscal year.
Selling expenses decreased by $191, or 34.9%, for the nine months ended March 31, 2021, from $547 to $356 compared to the same period of the last fiscal year. The decrease in selling expenses was primarily attributable to lower traveling expenses due to the worldwide travel restrictions imposed to contain the spread of the pandemic.
There was no impairment loss on long-lived assets recorded for the nine months ended March 31, 2021, compared to $139 for the same period of the last fiscal year.
Loss from Operations
Loss from operations was $429 for the nine months ended March 31, 2021 compared to $318 for the same period of the last fiscal year. The increase was mainly due to the decrease in gross profit margin, offset with a decrease in operating expenses, as discussed earlier.
Interest Expense
Interest expense for the nine months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:

| Nine Months Ended
| Mar. 31, 2021 | Mar. 31, 2020
(Unaudited) |  |
Interest expense | $96 | $186

Interest expense decreased by $90 to $96 for the nine months ended March 31, 2021 compared to $186 for the same period of the last fiscal year. The decrease was mainly due to lower utilization of lines of credit in the Singapore operations. Additionally, the bank loans payables decreased by $139 to $2,167 as at March 31, 2021 compared to $2,206 as of June 30, 2020.
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Other Income
Other income for the nine months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 was as follows:

| Nine Months Ended
| Mar. 31, 2021 | Mar. 31, 2020
(Unaudited) |  |
Interest income | $96 | $130
Other rental income | 70 | 90
Exchange loss | (79) | 33
Bad debt recovery | 10 | 11
Dividend Income | 32 | -
Government grant | 412 | 295
Other miscellaneous income | 86 | 31
Total | $627 | $590

Other income for the nine months ended March 31, 2021 was $627, an increase of $37 compared to $590 for the same period of last fiscal year. The increase was primarily due to the Company receiving government grants of $412 from the local governments in the Singapore and Malaysia operations, of which $350 reflects financial assistance to mitigate the negative impact on the businesses amid the pandemic, compared to the government grant received of $263 for the same period of last fiscal year. The increase was partially offset with the unfavorable foreign exchange movement for the nine months ended March 31, 2021.
Income Tax Expenses
Income tax expenses for the nine months ended March 31, 2021 were $125 compared to $112 in the same period last fiscal year.
Non-controlling Interest
As of March 31, 2021, we held a 55% interest in Trio-Tech Malaysia, Trio-Tech (Kuala Lumpur) Sdn. Bhd., SHI International Pte. Ltd. and PTSHI Indonesia, and a 76% interest in Prestal Enterprise Sdn. Bhd. The net loss attributable to the non-controlling interest in these subsidiaries for the nine months ended March 31, 2021 was $454, a deterioration of $810, compared to a net income of $356 for the same period of last fiscal year. The deterioration was attributable to the absence of gain from the sale of assets held for sale by the Malaysia operation in the nine months ended March 31, 2021.
Net Income Attributable to Trio-Tech International Common Shareholders
Net income was $405 for the nine months ended March 31, 2021, a decrease of $364 compared to a net income of $769 for the same period in the last fiscal year. The decrease was mainly due to the decrease in revenue and gross margin, coupled with the absence of the gain on the sale of assets held for sale in the Malaysia operation. However, the decrease was partially offset with a decrease in operating expenses, as discussed earlier.
Earnings per Share
Basic earnings per share from continuing operations was $0.11 for the nine months ended March 31, 2021 compared to $0.21 for the same period in the last fiscal year. Basic earnings per share from discontinued operations were nil for both the nine months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020.
Diluted earnings per share from continuing operations was $0.10 for the nine months ended March 31, 2021 compared to $0.21 for the same period in the last fiscal year. Diluted earnings per share from discontinued operations were nil for both the nine months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020.
Segment Information
The revenue, gross profit margin, and income or loss from operations in each segment for the nine months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, are presented below. As the segment revenue and gross margin for each segment have been discussed in the previous section, only the comparison of income / (loss) from operations is discussed below.
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Manufacturing Segment
The revenue, gross margin and income / (loss) from operations for the manufacturing segment for the nine months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:

| Nine Months Ended
| Mar. 31, 2021 | Mar. 31, 2020
(Unaudited) |  |
Revenue | $9,324 | $8,881
Gross margin | 26.5% | 23.6%
Income / (loss) from operations | $277 | $(201)

Income from operations from the manufacturing segment was $277 for the nine months ended March 31, 2021, a change of $478 as compared to a loss from operations of $201 in the same period of the last fiscal year due to an increase in gross margin and a decrease in operating expenses. The manufacturing segment's operating expenses were $2,192 and $2,293 for the nine months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The decrease in operating expenses of $101 was mainly due to a $28 decrease in general and administrative expenses, a $56 decrease in selling expenses, and a $17 decrease in corporate overhead compared to the same period of last fiscal year. The decrease in general and administrative expenses was mainly attributable to a decrease in staff benefit expenses in the Singapore operations. The decrease in selling expenses was primarily due to traveling expenses incurred for the nine months ended March 31, 2021, as a result of worldwide travel restrictions to contain the spread of the pandemic.
Testing Segment
The revenue, gross margin and loss from operations for the testing segment for the nine months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:

| Nine Months Ended
| Mar. 31, 2021 | Mar. 31, 2020
(Unaudited) |  |
Revenue | $10,018 | $12,018
Gross margin | 23.6% | 24.7%
Loss from operations | $(993) | $(540)

Loss from operations in the testing segment for the nine months ended March 31, 2021 was $993, a deterioration of $453 compared to $540 in the same period of the last fiscal year. The decrease in gross margin of $605 offset with a decrease in operating expenses of $152, also contributed to the increase in operating loss. Operating expenses were $3,361 and $3,512 for the nine months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The lower operating expenses were mainly attributable to a decrease in general and administrative expenses and selling expenses by $226 and $111, respectively, together with a decrease in the impairment loss by $139. The decrease was offset by an increase in corporate overheads of $303 and a decrease in the gain from the sales of property, plant and equipment of $23. The decrease in general and administrative expenses was due to a decrease in staff benefit expenses in the Malaysia and China operations as part of our cost-savings measures. The decrease in selling expenses was primarily due to a reduction in traveling expenses for the nine months ended March 31, 2021, due to worldwide travel restrictions to contain the spread of the pandemic. The increase in corporate overhead expenses was due to a change in the corporate overhead allocation compared to the same period last fiscal year. Corporate charges are allocated on a pre-determined fixed charge basis.
Distribution Segment
The revenue, gross margin and income from operations for the distribution segment for the nine months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:

| Nine Months Ended
| Mar. 31, 2021 | Mar. 31, 2020
(Unaudited) |  |
Revenue | $3,790 | $6,338
Gross margin | 17.1% | 13.9%
Income from operations | $407 | $599

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Income from operations in the distribution segment for the nine months ended March 31, 2021 was $407, a decrease of $192 compared to $599 in the same period of the last fiscal year. The decrease in operating income was primarily due to a decrease in gross margin by $236, which was partially offset with a decrease in operating expenses of $44. Operating expenses were $241 and $285 for the nine months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The decrease in operating expenses were mainly due to lower general and administrative expenses and selling expenses by $29 and $23, respectively. The decrease in general and administrative expenses was mainly due to fewer professional fees incurred for the nine months ended March 31 2021, compared to the same period of the last fiscal year and a decrease in selling expenses was mainly due to a decrease in a sales-related commission.
Real Estate Segment
The revenue, gross loss margin and loss from operations for the real estate segment for the nine months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:

| Nine Months Ended
| Mar. 31, 2021 | Mar. 31, 2020
(Unaudited) |  |
Revenue | $22 | $49
Gross loss margin | (163.6%) | (10.2)%
Loss from operations | $(84) | $(82)

Loss from operations in the real estate segment for the nine months ended March 31, 2021 remained comparable at $84 compared to $82 for the same period of the last fiscal year. The increase in operating loss was mainly due to an increase in gross loss margin, as discussed earlier. Operating expenses were $48 and $77 for the nine months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The decrease in operating expenses was mainly due to the absence of one-off payroll-related expenses, and doubtful debts provision, which occurred in the same period of the prior fiscal year.
Corporate
The loss from operations for corporate for the nine months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:

| Nine Months Ended
| Mar. 31, 2021 | Mar. 31, 2020
(Unaudited) |  |
Loss from operations | $(36) | $(94)

The decrease of $58 was mainly due to a change in the corporate overhead allocation as compared to the same period last fiscal year. Corporate charges are allocated on a pre-determined fixed charge basis.
Financial Condition
During the nine months ended March 31, 2021 total assets increased by $3,465 to $39,125 compared to $35,660 as of June 30, 2020. The increase in total assets was primarily due to an increase in cash and cash equivalents, short-term deposits, trade account receivables, inventories, prepaid expenses and other current assets, deferred tax assets, operating lease right-of-use, other assets and restricted term deposits. This was partially offset by a decrease in other receivables, investment properties and property, plant and equipment.
Cash and cash equivalents were $5,178 as at March 31, 2021, reflecting an increase of $1,028 from $4,150 as at June 30, 2020, primarily because the Company generated cash inflow from the operating activities for the nine months ended March 31, 2021.
Short-term deposits were $7,146 as at March 31, 2021, reflecting an increase of $308 from $6,838 as at June 30, 2020. The increase was primarily due to an increase in deposits in the Singapore operation. The increase was partially offset by the withdrawal in deposits in the Malaysia operation.
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As at March 31, 2021, the trade accounts receivable balance increased by $1,046 to $6,997, from $5,951 as at June 30, 2020 primarily due to the increase in revenue in the Malaysia, China, Singapore, and U.S. operations. This increase was partially offset by the decrease in the Thailand operations. The number of days’ sales outstanding in accounts receivables for the Group was 75 and 68 days at the end of the third quarter of fiscal year 2021 and the end of the last fiscal year, respectively.
As at March 31, 2021 other receivables were $678, reflecting a decrease of $320 from $998 as at June 30, 2020. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease in advance payments made to suppliers in the Singapore operations.
Inventories as at March 31, 2021 were $2,602, an increase of $680 compared to $1,922 as at June 30, 2020. The increase in inventories was in line with an increase in orders by customers in the manufacturing segment of the Singapore and U.S. operations, coupled with the delays in shipment requested by some of our customers.
Prepaid expenses and other current assets were $367 as at March 31, 2021 compared to $341 as at June 30, 2020.The increase was primarily due to additional prepaid expenses made in the Singapore and China operations.
Investment properties’ net in China was $688 as at March 31, 2021 and $690 as at June 30, 2020.
Property, plant and equipment decreased by $620 from $10,310 as at June 30, 2020, to $9,690 as at March 31, 2021, mainly due to depreciation charged for the period and the foreign currency exchange movement between June 30, 2020 and March 31, 2021. The decrease was partially offset by the new property, plant, and equipment acquisition in the Singapore, Malaysia and China operations.
Restricted term deposits increased by $79 to $1,739 as at March 31, 2021 as compared to $1,660 as at June 30, 2020. This was primarily due to the foreign currency exchange movement between June 30, 2020 and March 31, 2021.
Other assets increased by $100 to $1,709 as at March 31, 2021 compared to $1,609 as at June 30, 2020. This was mainly due to an asset in transit recorded in the China operation as at March 31, 2021.
Lines of credit increased by $12 to $184 as at March 31, 2021 as compared to $172 as at June 30, 2020.
Accounts payable increased by $407 to $2,997 as at March 31, 2021 as compared to $2,590 as at June 30, 2020. This was due to an increase in sales, which lead to more materials purchased to meet customer requirements in the Singapore operation.
Accrued expenses increased by $462 to $3,467 as at March 31, 2021 as compared to $3,005 as at June 30, 2020. The increase in accrued expenses was mainly due to an increase in the accrued purchases in the Singapore and China operations.
Bank loans payable decreased by $39 to $2,167 as at March 31, 2021 as compared to $2,206 as at June 30, 2020. This was due to the repayments made in the Malaysia operation.
Finance leases decreased by $159 to $507 as at March 31, 2021 as compared to $666 as at June 30, 2020. This was due to the repayments made in the Singapore and Malaysia operation.
Operating lease right-of-use assets and the corresponding lease liability increased by $1,050 to $1,994 as of March 31, 2021, as compared to $944 as at June 30, 2020. This was due to the renewal of the lease agreements in the Singapore and China operations. The increase was partially offset with the repayment made and the operating lease expenses charged for the period.
As of March 31, 2021 and June 30, 2020, the Company accounted $121 for the Paycheck Protection Program which was created by the United States Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act.
Liquidity Comparison
Net cash provided by operating activities decreased by $1,196 to an inflow of $900 for the nine months ended March 31, 2021 from an inflow of $2,096 for the same period of the last fiscal year. The decrease in net cash inflow provided by operating activities was primarily due to a decrease in net income by $1,174 and a decrease in impairment loss on long-lived assets of $139.
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Net cash used in investing activities decreased by $1,116 to an outflow of $825 for the nine months ended March 31, 2021 from an outflow of $1,941 for the same period of the last fiscal year. The decrease in cash outflow was primarily due to a decrease in investment in unrestricted term deposits by $1,023 and $227 in capital expenditures, coupled with an increase in cash inflow of $1,166 from the withdrawal of unrestricted deposit. These decreases were partially offset by a decrease in cash inflow of $1,261 from proceed from sale of assets held for sale.
Net cash generated from financing activities for the nine months ended March 31, 2021 was $279, representing a change of $575 as compared to an outflow of $296 for the same period of the last fiscal year. The increase in cash flow was mainly attributable to a decrease in cash outflow of $1,748 from the payments of lines of credit and an increase in cash flow by $754 from the stock option exercise proceeds. This increase was partially offset by a decrease in cash inflow by $1,903 from the lines of credit proceeds.
Critical Accounting Estimates & Policies
Effective as of July 1, 2019, the Company has adopted ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), and its related amendments using the modified retrospective transition method. We have completed our adoption and implemented policies, processes and controls to support the standard’s measurement and disclosure requirements as described in note 1 to the financial statements included in item 1 of this Form 10-Q.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Not applicable.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
An evaluation was carried out by the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of March 31, 2021, the end of the period covered by this Form 10-Q. Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable level.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Except as discussed below, there has been no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2021, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Implementation
We are in the process of implementing an ERP System, as part of a multi-year plan to integrate and upgrade our systems and processes. The implementation of this ERP system was scheduled to occur in phases over a few years. The operational and financial systems in our Singapore and Malaysia operations were transitioned to the new system in fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2019, respectively.
The operational and financial systems in our Tianjin and Suzhou operations were fully transitioned to the new system during the second quarter of fiscal 2021. This implementation effort will continue till the Company's consolidation process is substantially automated using the new system.
As a phased implementation of this system occurs, we are experiencing certain changes to our processes and procedures which, in turn, result in changes to our internal control over financial reporting. While we expect the new ERP system to strengthen our internal financial controls by automating certain manual processes and standardizing business processes and reporting across our organization, management will continue to evaluate and monitor our internal controls as processes and procedures in each of the affected areas evolve.
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TRIO-TECH INTERNATIONAL
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
Not applicable.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Not applicable
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Malaysia and Singapore regulations prohibit the payment of dividends if the Company does not have sufficient retained earnings and tax credit. In addition, the payment of dividends can only be made after making deductions for income tax pursuant to the regulations. Furthermore, the cash movements from the Company’s 55% owned Malaysian subsidiary to overseas are restricted and must be authorized by the Central Bank of Malaysia. California law also prohibits the payment of dividends if the Company does not have sufficient retained earnings or cannot meet certain asset to liability ratios.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
Not applicable.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information
Not applicable.
Item 6. Exhibits

31.1 |  | Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Principal Executive Officer of Registrant
31.2 |  | Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Principal Financial Officer of Registrant
32 |  | Section 1350 Certification
101.INS |  | XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.DEF |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
101.LAB |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

| TRIO-TECH INTERNATIONAL
| By: | /s/ Victor H.M. Ting VICTOR H.M. TING Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) Dated: May 14, 2021

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