<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001663577-25-000005.txt : 20250106
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<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20250106160318
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001663577-25-000005
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		16
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20241114
ITEM INFORMATION:		Results of Operations and Financial Condition
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20250106
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20250106

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			iQSTEL Inc
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001527702
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	TELEPHONE COMMUNICATIONS (NO RADIO TELEPHONE) [4813]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	06 Technology
		IRS NUMBER:				452808620
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			NV
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	000-55984
		FILM NUMBER:		25511010

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		300 ARAGON AVENUE, SUITE 375
		CITY:			CORAL GABLES
		STATE:			FL
		ZIP:			33134
		BUSINESS PHONE:		(954) 951-8191

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		300 ARAGON AVENUE, SUITE 375
		CITY:			CORAL GABLES
		STATE:			FL
		ZIP:			33134

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	PURESNAX INTERNATIONAL, INC.
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20151124

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	PURE SNAX INTERNATIONAL, INC.
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20150813

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	B-MAVEN, INC.
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20110810
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: center"><b>WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549<br/>
____________________</b></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CURRENT REPORT</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934<br/> <br/> </b>Date
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt">Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously
satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt">&#160;</p>

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    <td style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17CFR 230.425)</span></td></tr>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)</span></td></tr>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))</span></td></tr>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))</span></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt">Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company
as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (&#167;230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
(&#167;240.12b-2 of this chapter).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt">Emerging growth company&#160;&#160;&#160;<span id="xdx_901_edei--EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_c20241114__20241114_z35eB3NsoXna"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2024-11-14" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000027" name="dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">[ ]</ix:nonNumeric></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant
has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant
to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; [ ]</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 15pt"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 1in; text-indent: -1in"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt"><b>SECTION 2 &#8211; <span style="text-transform: uppercase">Financial
Information</span></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 15pt"/>
    <td style="width: 1in"><b>Item 2.02</b></td><td><b>Results of Operations and Financial Condition.</b></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt">We have issued press releases and a shareholder letter concerning our results
of operations and other matters.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt">The press releases and shareholder letter are furnished with this Current
Report on Form 8-K as Exhibits 99.1-99.3. The information furnished under this Item 2.02 and Item 9.01 of this Current Report on Form
8-K, including Exhibits 99.1-99.3, shall not be deemed to be &#8220;filed&#8221; for the purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference in
any registration statement or other filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, regardless of any general incorporation by reference
language in such filing, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in any such filing.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt"><b>SECTION 9 &#8211; <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-transform: uppercase">Financial
Statements and Exhibits</span></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b>&#160;</b></p>

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<td style="width: 15pt"/>
    <td style="width: 1in"><b>Item 9.01</b></td><td><b>Financial Statements and Exhibits. </b></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Courier New, Courier, Monospace; margin: 0 0 0 1in; text-indent: -1in">&#160;</p>

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    <td style="width: 1in; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Exhibit No.</b></span></td>
    <td style="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Description</b></span></td></tr>
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    <td style="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">99.1</span></td>
    <td style="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt"><a href="ex99_1.htm"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Press Release, dated January 6, 2025</span></a></td></tr>
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    <td style="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">99.2</span></td>
    <td style="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt"><a href="ex99_2.htm"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Press Release, dated December 18, 2024</span></a></td></tr>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">99.3</span></td>
    <td style="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt"><a href="ex99_3.htm"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Shareholder Letter, dated November 14, 2024</span></a></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt; text-align: center"><b>SIGNATURES</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt; text-align: justify">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt"><b>iQSTEL Inc.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Courier New, Courier, Monospace; margin: 0pt 15pt; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt"><span style="text-decoration: underline">/s/ Leandro Iglesias</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt">Leandro Iglesias<br/>
Chief Executive Officer</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt">Date January 6, 2025</p>

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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-99.1
<SEQUENCE>2
<FILENAME>ex99_1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>PRESS RELEASE, DATED JANUARY 6, 2025
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<P STYLE="color: #0E0E0E; font: 12pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; color: #0E0E0E; margin: 0"><B>IQST - iQSTEL Announces $277 Million Net Revenue
for 2024, Achieves Record-Breaking $96 Million in Q4</B></P>

<P STYLE="color: #0E0E0E; font: 12pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="color: #0E0E0E; font: 12pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><I>January 6, 2025, New York,
NY</I> <B>&ndash;</B> iQSTEL Inc. (OTCQX: IQST), a leading-edge multinational enhanced telecommunications and technology corporation,
is thrilled to announce that its <B>net revenue for 2024 reached $277 million</B>, based on preliminary accounting. This figure represents
<B>95% of the annual revenue forecast</B>. This significant achievement underscores iQSTEL&rsquo;s exceptional growth trajectory and steadfast
commitment to achieving its vision of becoming a <B>$1 billion revenue company by 2027</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="color: #0E0E0E; font: 12pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="color: #0E0E0E; font: 12pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0"><B>Record-Breaking Q4 Performance</B></P>

<P STYLE="color: #0E0E0E; font: 12pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="color: #0E0E0E; font: 12pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">The company&rsquo;s <B>Q4 net
revenue reached an unprecedented $96 million</B>, marking a staggering <B>77% increase compared to $52 million in Q3</B>. This result
represents the <B>highest quarterly revenue in the company&rsquo;s history</B>, highlighting the strength of iQSTEL&rsquo;s commercial
strategy and the growing demand for its innovative solutions.</P>

<P STYLE="color: #0E0E0E; font: 12pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="color: #0E0E0E; font: 12pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0"><B>Achieving Synergy Through Subsidiaries</B></P>

<P STYLE="color: #0E0E0E; font: 12pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="color: #0E0E0E; font: 12pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">On a <B>gross revenue basis</B>,
iQSTEL achieved a landmark <B>$300 million </B>based on preliminary accounting, with approximately <B>$23 million attributed to intercompany
transactions</B>. This demonstrates the synergistic collaboration among iQSTEL&rsquo;s subsidiaries, as intercompany revenue accounted
for over 7.6% of gross revenue, showcasing the teamwork and alignment driving the company&rsquo;s success.</P>

<P STYLE="color: #0E0E0E; font: 12pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="color: #0E0E0E; font: 12pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0"><B>Unparalleled Annual Growth</B></P>

<P STYLE="color: #0E0E0E; font: 12pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="color: #0E0E0E; font: 12pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Comparing <B>2024&rsquo;s preliminary
net revenue of $277 million</B> to <B>2023&rsquo;s $144.5 million</B>, iQSTEL achieved a phenomenal <B>91.6% year-over-year growth</B>.
This pace of expansion solidifies the company&rsquo;s position as a <B>high-growth leader</B> in the telecommunications and technology
industries.</P>

<P STYLE="color: #0E0E0E; font: 12pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="color: #0E0E0E; font: 12pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0">Leandro Iglesias, CEO of iQSTEL, expressed his enthusiasm:</P>

<P STYLE="color: #0E0E0E; font: 12pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><I>&ldquo;We have set an incredible
commercial pace on our path to becoming a $1 billion company by 2027. The $277 million in revenue for 2024, compared to $144.5 million
in 2023, highlights our ability to execute and scale at an amazing rate. Moreover, our record-breaking $96 million revenue in Q4 sets
the bar for what we can achieve in the future. These results validate our business strategy, the strength of our team, and the unwavering
trust of our shareholders.&rdquo;</I></P>

<P STYLE="color: #0E0E0E; font: 12pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="color: #0E0E0E; font: 12pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0">Mr. Iglesias added:</P>

<P STYLE="color: #0E0E0E; font: 12pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><I>&ldquo;We are laying the groundwork
for our Nasdaq up-listing, showcasing exactly what national markets value: explosive growth. This year, we nearly doubled our revenue,
and this is just the beginning as we progress toward our ambitious goal of becoming a $1 billion revenue company by 2027.&rdquo;</I></P>

<P STYLE="color: #0E0E0E; font: 12pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0"><I>&nbsp;</I></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 12pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; color: #0E0E0E"><I>&nbsp;</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; color: #0E0E0E"><I></I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0"><B>About iQSTEL:</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; text-align: justify; margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0">iQSTEL Inc. (OTC-QX: IQST)
(www.iQSTEL.com) is a US-based multinational publicly listed company in the final stages of the path to becoming listed on NASDAQ. With
FY2024 revenues of $277 million based on preliminary accounting, iQSTEL is positioning itself for explosive growth. iQSTEL's mission is
to serve basic human needs in today's modern world by making essential tools accessible, regardless of race, ethnicity, religion, socioeconomic
status, or identity. The company recognizes that modern human needs such as physiological, safety, relationship, esteem, and self-actualization
are marginalized without access to ubiquitous communications, financial freedom, clean, affordable mobility, and information.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; text-align: justify; margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0">iQSTEL has been building
a strong business platform with its customers, and by leveraging this trust, the company is now beginning to sell high-tech, high-margin
products across its divisions. iQSTEL is strategically positioned to achieve $1 billion in revenue by 2027 through organic growth, acquisitions,
and high-margin product expansion.</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 12pt/150% Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt"><B>Telecommunications Services Division (Communications):</B><BR>
Includes VoIP, SMS, International Fiber-Optic, Proprietary Internet of Things (IoT), and a Proprietary Mobile Portability Blockchain Platform.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 12pt/150% Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt"><B>Fintech Division (Financial Freedom):</B><BR>
Provides remittance services, top-up services, a MasterCard Debit Card, US bank accounts (no SSN required), and a Mobile App.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 12pt/150% Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt"><B>Electric Vehicles (EV) Division (Mobility):</B><BR>
Offers Electric Motorcycles and plans to launch a Mid-Speed Car.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 12pt/150% Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt"><B>Artificial Intelligence (AI) Services Division (Information
and Content):</B><BR>
Provides AI solutions for unified customer engagement across web and phone channels, along with a white-label platform offering seamless
access to services, entertainment, and support in a virtual 3D interface.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 12pt/150% Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt"><B>Cybersecurity Services:</B><BR>
Through a new partnership with Cycurion, iQSTEL will offer advanced cybersecurity solutions, including 24/7 monitoring, threat detection,
incident response, vulnerability assessments, and compliance management, providing essential protection to telecommunications clients
and beyond.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; text-align: justify; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="margin: 0pt; font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; text-align: justify">iQSTEL has completed 11
acquisitions since June 2018 and continues to develop an active pipeline of potential future acquisitions, further expanding its suite
of products and services both organically and through mergers and acquisitions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; background-color: white; color: #1D2228"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 11pt">Safe
Harbor Statement: Statements in this news release may be &quot;forward-looking statements&quot;. Forward-looking statements include,
but are not limited to, statements that express our intentions, beliefs, expectations, strategies, predictions, or any other information
relating to our future activities or other future events or conditions. These statements are based on current expectations, estimates,
and projections about our business based partly on assumptions made by management. These statements are not guarantees of future performance
and involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Therefore, actual outcomes and results may and are likely
to differ materially from what is expressed or forecasted in forward-looking statements due to numerous factors. Any forward-looking
statements speak only as of the date of this news release, and iQSTEL Inc. undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statement
to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this news release. This press release does not constitute a public offer of any
securities for sale. Any securities offered privately will not be or have not been registered under the Act and may not be offered or
sold in&nbsp;the United States&nbsp;absent registration or an applicable exemption from registration requirements.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 11pt; color: #1D2228"><B>iQSTEL
Inc.</B><BR>
IR US Phone: 646-740-0907<BR>
IR Email:&nbsp;</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 11pt; color: #0F69FF">investors@iqstel.com</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 11pt; color: #1D2228"><B>Contact
Details</B><BR>
iQSTEL Inc.<BR>
+1 646-740-0907<BR>
</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 11pt; color: #0F69FF">investors@iqstel.com</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 11pt; color: #1D2228"><B>Company
Website<BR>
</B></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 11pt; color: #0F69FF">www.iqstel.com</FONT></P>

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<TYPE>EX-99.2
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>ex99_2.htm
<DESCRIPTION>PRESS RELEASE, DATED DECEMBER 18, 2024
<TEXT>
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<P STYLE="margin: 0pt; font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt"><B>IQST - iQSTEL Sets the Stage for Explosive
Growth with $340 Million Revenue Forecast for 2025</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; text-align: justify; margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal"><I>December
18, 2024, New York, NY</I></FONT>&mdash; iQSTEL Inc. (OTCQX: IQST), a global leader in cutting-edge telecom, fintech, and technology solutions,
is thrilled to announce its ambitious <B>$340 million revenue forecast for 2025</B>. This bold projection underscores the company&rsquo;s
relentless focus on organic growth, disruptive innovation, and strategic acquisitions poised to reshape its future.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0"><B>Breaking Records, Building Momentum</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; text-align: justify; margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0">iQSTEL has a track record
of exceeding revenue expectations by strategically revising its forecasts mid-year based on real-time market momentum. This proven approach
has built unwavering trust among investors and positioned the company as a rising star in the tech-driven market.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; text-align: justify; margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0">&ldquo;Our $1 billion revenue
target for 2027 isn&rsquo;t just a goal&mdash;it&rsquo;s our roadmap,&rdquo; stated Leandro Iglesias, CEO of iQSTEL. &ldquo;With robust
organic expansion and a transformative acquisition on the horizon post-Nasdaq listing, we are ready to redefine market leadership.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0"><B>A Historic Q4 2024 Performance</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; text-align: justify; margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0">The company is on track
to report its highest quarterly revenue ever in Q4 2024, breaking the previous record of $78.6 million set in Q2 2024. With this exceptional
performance, iQSTEL is working to achieve its $290 million revenue target for FY-2024.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0"><B>Revenue Per Share Milestone: A New Era</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; text-align: justify; margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0">&ldquo;Our Telecom Division
continues to deliver unparalleled year-over-year growth,&rdquo; Iglesias emphasized. &ldquo;Crossing the one-third billion-dollar revenue
mark organically in 2025 is a testament to our team&rsquo;s relentless dedication.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; text-align: justify; margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0">He added: &ldquo;We closed
FY-2023 with a Revenue Per Share (RPS) of $0.84. As of today, we&rsquo;ve already exceeded <B>$1.32 in Revenue Per Share (RPS)</B> based
on preliminary figures&mdash;and the fiscal year isn&rsquo;t over yet.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0"><B>Accelerating Into the Future</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; text-align: justify; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt">iQSTEL remains laser-focused
on scaling its operations, enhancing its high-margin product portfolio, and unlocking new opportunities in fintech, cybersecurity, and
AI-powered solutions. With a clear path toward its <B>$1 billion revenue target by 2027</B>, the company&rsquo;s growth story is just
beginning.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0"><B>About iQSTEL:</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; text-align: justify; margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0">iQSTEL Inc. (OTC-QX: IQST)
(www.iQSTEL.com) is a US-based multinational publicly listed company in the final stages of the path to becoming listed on NASDAQ. With
FY2023 revenues of $144 million and a forecasted $290 million in revenue, alongside positive operating income of seven digits in our Telecom
Division for FY-2024, iQSTEL is positioning itself for explosive growth. iQSTEL's mission is to serve basic human needs in today's modern
world by making essential tools accessible, regardless of race, ethnicity, religion, socioeconomic status, or identity. The company recognizes
that modern human needs such as physiological, safety, relationship, esteem, and self-actualization are marginalized without access to
ubiquitous communications, financial freedom, clean, affordable mobility, and information.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; text-align: justify; margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0">iQSTEL has been building
a strong business platform with its customers, and by leveraging this trust, the company is now beginning to sell high-tech, high-margin
products across its divisions. iQSTEL is strategically positioned to achieve $1 billion in revenue by 2027 through organic growth, acquisitions,
and high-margin product expansion.</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 12pt/150% Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt"><B>Telecommunications Services Division (Communications):</B><BR>
Includes VoIP, SMS, International Fiber-Optic, Proprietary Internet of Things (IoT), and a Proprietary Mobile Portability Blockchain Platform.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 12pt/150% Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt"><B>Fintech Division (Financial Freedom):</B><BR>
Provides remittance services, top-up services, a MasterCard Debit Card, US bank accounts (no SSN required), and a Mobile App.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 12pt/150% Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt"><B>Electric Vehicles (EV) Division (Mobility):</B><BR>
Offers Electric Motorcycles and plans to launch a Mid-Speed Car.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 12pt/150% Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt"><B>Artificial Intelligence (AI) Services Division (Information
and Content):</B><BR>
Provides AI solutions for unified customer engagement across web and phone channels, along with a white-label platform offering seamless
access to services, entertainment, and support in a virtual 3D interface.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 12pt/150% Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt"><B>Cybersecurity Services:</B><BR>
Through a new partnership with Cycurion, iQSTEL will offer advanced cybersecurity solutions, including 24/7 monitoring, threat detection,
incident response, vulnerability assessments, and compliance management, providing essential protection to telecommunications clients
and beyond.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; text-align: justify; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt">iQSTEL has completed 11
acquisitions since June 2018 and continues to develop an active pipeline of potential future acquisitions, further expanding its suite
of products and services both organically and through mergers and acquisitions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; background-color: white; color: #1D2228">Safe
Harbor Statement: Statements in this news release may be &quot;forward-looking statements&quot;. Forward-looking statements include, but
are not limited to, statements that express our intentions, beliefs, expectations, strategies, predictions, or any other information relating
to our future activities or other future events or conditions. These statements are based on current expectations, estimates, and projections
about our business based partly on assumptions made by management. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve
risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Therefore, actual outcomes and results may and are likely to differ
materially from what is expressed or forecasted in forward-looking statements due to numerous factors. Any forward-looking statements
speak only as of the date of this news release, and iQSTEL Inc. undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect
events or circumstances after the date of this news release. This press release does not constitute a public offer of any securities for
sale. Any securities offered privately will not be or have not been registered under the Act and may not be offered or sold in&nbsp;the
United States&nbsp;absent registration or an applicable exemption from registration requirements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="color: #1D2228"><B>iQSTEL
Inc.</B><BR>
IR US Phone: 646-740-0907<BR>
IR Email:&nbsp;</FONT><FONT STYLE="color: #0F69FF">investors@iqstel.com</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="color: #1D2228"><B>Contact
Details</B><BR>
iQSTEL Inc.<BR>
+1 646-740-0907<BR>
</FONT><FONT STYLE="color: #0F69FF">investors@iqstel.com</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="color: #1D2228"><B>Company
Website<BR>
</B></FONT><FONT STYLE="color: #0F69FF">www.iqstel.com</FONT></P>

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<DESCRIPTION>SHAREHOLDER LETTER, DATED NOVEMBER 14, 2024
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<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0 12pt"><B>IQST - iQSTEL Releases Q3 FY-2024 Shareholder Letter Highlighting
Record Growth, Strategic Expansion, and Nasdaq Uplisting Progress</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0 12pt; text-align: justify"><I>November 14th, 2024, New York, NY</I>
&ndash; iQSTEL Inc. (OTCQX: IQST), a leading innovator in telecommunications and technology, proudly announces the release of its Q3 FY-2024
Shareholder Letter, coinciding with the SEC filing of its 10-Q for the Q3. This letter showcases an extraordinary quarter marked by strategic
growth, robust financial performance, and significant advancements toward iQSTEL&rsquo;s long-term vision, including preparations for
a Nasdaq uplisting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0 12pt; text-align: justify">The Shareholder Letter covers key highlights
for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2024, showcasing iQSTEL&rsquo;s rapid revenue growth, profitability in its core Telecom
Division, and ongoing advancements in high-margin, cutting-edge products including AI and cybersecurity solutions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0 12pt; text-align: justify">&ldquo;We&rsquo;re exceptionally proud
of our achievements this quarter, and we believe our performance confirms the strength of iQSTEL&rsquo;s strategy and position in the
market,&rdquo; said Leandro Jose Iglesias, CEO of iQSTEL. &ldquo;With record-breaking growth, innovative new offerings, and solid progress
toward our Nasdaq uplisting, iQSTEL is positioned for unprecedented success as we look ahead to 2025 and beyond.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0 12pt; text-align: justify">In alignment with its commitment to becoming
a $1 billion revenue company by 2027, iQSTEL has developed a comprehensive business plan supported by its newly established corporate
financial planning department. This department will work closely with our subsidiaries on a monthly basis to drive bottom-line improvements,
setting the stage for significant profitability gains beginning in FY-2025.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0 12pt; text-align: justify">Additionally, iQSTEL&rsquo;s Independent
Board of Directors and dedicated investor base continue to demonstrate strong support for the company&rsquo;s vision and growth strategy,
underscoring our shared commitment to building a premier, high-growth technology powerhouse.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0 12pt">The Q3 Shareholder Letter highlights the following key developments:</P>

<UL STYLE="list-style-type: disc">

<LI STYLE="line-height: 150%; margin: 0pt 0 12pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 11pt"><B>Record
Revenue Growth</B>: Revenue for the first nine months reached $184 million, an impressive 89% year-over-year increase.</FONT></LI>

<LI STYLE="line-height: 150%; margin: 0pt 0 12pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 11pt"><B>Ambitious
FY-2024 Revenue Target</B>: iQSTEL aims for a record $290 million in revenue for FY-2024, with strong expectations for Q4, driven by
its subsidiary QXTEL.</FONT></LI>

<LI STYLE="line-height: 150%; margin: 0pt 0 12pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 11pt"><B>Profitability
in Telecom Division</B>: The Telecom Division achieved solid profitability, generating $548,274 in profit for Q3 alone.</FONT></LI>

<LI STYLE="line-height: 150%; margin: 0pt 0 12pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 11pt"><B>Strategic
Cost Savings</B>: A consolidation strategy within the Telecom Division is expected to save up to $2 million annually.</FONT></LI>

<LI STYLE="line-height: 150%; margin: 0pt 0 12pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 11pt"><B>Nasdaq
Uplisting Progress</B>: iQSTEL&rsquo;s stockholders&rsquo; equity has met Nasdaq&rsquo;s minimum requirements, with final investment
bank selection underway to guide the uplisting process.</FONT></LI>

<LI STYLE="line-height: 150%; margin: 0pt 0 12pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 11pt"><B>Global
Reach</B>: iQSTEL now operates with 100 employees across 20 countries, with six offices providing 24/7 support across 17 time zones.</FONT></LI>

<LI STYLE="line-height: 150%; margin: 0pt 0 12pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 11pt"><B>Launch
of High-Tech, High-Margin Products</B>: The company has introduced AI-driven AIRWEB.ai and preparing to launch a cybersecurity solution
in Q1 FY-2025.</FONT></LI>

</UL>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0 12pt">The Shareholder Letter concludes with an optimistic outlook
for iQSTEL&rsquo;s trajectory as the company continues to pursue its $1 billion revenue goal by 2027.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0 12pt">The full Shareholder Letter can be found below:</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0 12pt"><B></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0 12pt"><B>Dear Shareholders,</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0 12pt">We are thrilled to present our Q3 FY-2024 results, which highlight
an extraordinary period of growth and strategic advancement for iQSTEL. This quarter has firmly positioned us on a path to unprecedented
success, and we&rsquo;re eager to share the positive progress we&rsquo;re making.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0 12pt"><B>1. Revenue and Profitability</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0 12pt"><B>Outstanding Nine-Month Revenue Growth</B><BR>
For the nine months ending September 30, 2024, iQSTEL&rsquo;s revenue skyrocketed to <B>$184 million</B>&mdash;nearly double last year&rsquo;s
$97 million, reflecting a remarkable 89% increase. This powerful growth underscores strong market demand and our strategic expansion,
especially in our Telecom Division, which remains our primary driver of profitability and success.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0 12pt"><B>Ambitious Full-Year Revenue Target</B><BR>
Our goal for FY-2024 is <B>$290 million in revenue</B>. With a gap of $106 million remaining to reach this target, we are mobilizing every
resource to close it. Historically, Q4 has been our strongest quarter, and with QXTEL leading our international business, we are confident
we will achieve our projections and finish the year on a high note.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 3pt"><B>Robust Gross Profit Base</B><BR>
Our gross profit reflects our ability to grow efficiently and sustainably:</P>

<UL STYLE="list-style-type: disc">

<LI STYLE="line-height: 150%; margin: 0pt 0 12pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 11pt"><B>Nine Months</B>:
Gross profit surged to <B>$5.6 million</B>, up from $3 million in 2023.</FONT></LI>

<LI STYLE="line-height: 150%; margin: 0pt 0 12pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 11pt"><B>Quarterly</B>:
Q3 gross profit doubled to <B>$2 million</B>, establishing a consistent quarterly profit foundation.</FONT></LI>

</UL>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0 12pt">Our stable business platform now enables us to generate <B>$2
million in gross profit per quarter</B>, paving the way for further bottom-line improvements through consolidation and the migration to
a unified telecom platform.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt">Notably, in FY-2024, our gross margin has shown consistent
improvement, increasing from <B>2.68% in Q1</B> to <B>3.72% in Q3, </B>a remarkable <B>39% increase</B> within the year. This progress
underscores our focus on efficiency and profitability as we scale.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 3pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 3pt"><B></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 3pt"><B>Consolidated Operating Income</B></P>

<UL STYLE="list-style-type: disc">

<LI STYLE="line-height: 150%; margin: 0pt 0 12pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 11pt"><B>Nine Months</B>:
Our operating loss was <B>$535,952</B>, mainly due to QXTEL integration expenses.</FONT></LI>

<LI STYLE="line-height: 150%; margin: 0pt 0 12pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 11pt"><B>Quarterly</B>:
In Q3, our operating loss narrowed to <B>$56,553</B>, bringing us closer to the profitability threshold. Our Telecom Division continues
to be a robust profit engine, effectively covering the company&rsquo;s core expenses.</FONT></LI>

</UL>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0 12pt"><B>Telecom Division Profitability and Consolidation Strategy</B><BR>
Our Telecom Division generated <B>$548,274 in profit for Q3</B>, confirming its role as a steady revenue source. We&rsquo;ve launched
a consolidation strategy within this division, with potential important savings. Recent actions in Q4 with SwissLink and QGlobal SMS are
completely aligned with this strategy, and we are planning to begin to show its effects as early as Q4 of this year.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0 12pt"><B>2. Interest Expense</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0 12pt">Interest expenses rose to <B>$1.5 million</B> for the nine
months, primarily due to strategic debt used for growth. We remain committed to maintaining long-term shareholder value by absorbing these
interest costs instead of opting for equity dilution. Our outstanding share count remains below <B>187 million</B> shares, which represents
an increase less than 9% versus Dec 31, 2023. Notably, our investors have recently demonstrated their support by extending the maturity
of our convertible notes by 12 months, with all notes now set to mature in Q1 FY-2026.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 3pt"><B>3. Assets and Liabilities</B></P>

<UL STYLE="list-style-type: disc">

<LI STYLE="line-height: 150%; margin: 0pt 0 12pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 11pt"><B>Asset Growth</B>:
Total assets rose to <B>$32.4 million</B>, up from $22.2 million in 2023, bolstered by QXTEL goodwill and increased accounts receivable.</FONT></LI>

<LI STYLE="line-height: 150%; margin: 0pt 0 12pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 11pt"><B>Liabilities</B>:
Current liabilities grew to <B>$24.1 million</B>, a level we are strategically managing to support continued growth.</FONT></LI>

</UL>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0 12pt"><B>4. Cash Flow and Liquidity</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt">Our financing activities generated <B>$6.2 million in cash
</B>over the nine months, supporting our acquisition and expansion strategies. We ended the quarter with a steady <B>$2.1 million in
cash</B>, demonstrating effective liquidity management as we scale.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0 12pt"><B>5. Stockholders&rsquo; Equity and Nasdaq Uplisting Readiness</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0 12pt">iQSTEL&rsquo;s stockholders&rsquo; equity rose to <B>$8.1
million</B>, surpassing the minimum requirement of $5 million for a Nasdaq uplisting. We are in the final stages of selecting an investment
bank to support us in this pivotal move. Our goal is to position iQSTEL as a <B>$1 billion revenue company by 2027</B>, and uplisting
to Nasdaq is a crucial step toward achieving this vision.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0 12pt"><B>6. Global Presence, Operational Reach, and branding</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0 12pt">Our global reach now spans <B>100 employees across 20 countries
and 17 time zones</B> with six offices worldwide, providing 24/7 service from California to Melbourne. This global presence enables us
to effectively serve clients around the world, reinforcing our position as a leading global player. As part of our Telecom Division&rsquo;s
consolidation, we are optimizing our global network and operations to maximize efficiency.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0 12pt">The company has been collaborating with ONAR, a marketing
agency, to develop a comprehensive branding strategy for iQSTEL. Management recognizes that achieving our vision of becoming a $1 billion
revenue corporation requires establishing strong brand recognition as a cornerstone of our growth.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 3pt"><B>7. Innovation in High-Tech, High-Margin Products</B></P>

<UL STYLE="list-style-type: disc">

<LI STYLE="line-height: 150%; margin: 0pt 0 12pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 11pt"><B>High Margin
Strategy</B>: iQSTEL has built connections with some of the world&rsquo;s largest telecommunications companies, generating millions in
annual revenue. With these robust relationships, we&rsquo;re poised to expand our offerings, focusing on high-tech, high-margin products.</FONT></LI>

<LI STYLE="line-height: 150%; margin: 0pt 0 12pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 11pt"><B>Cybersecurity</B>:
We&rsquo;re collaborating with Cycurion.com to launch a telecom-targeted cybersecurity service in Q1 FY-2025.</FONT></LI>

<LI STYLE="line-height: 150%; margin: 0pt 0 12pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 11pt"><B>AI Solutions</B>:
Our recent launch of <B>AIRWEB.ai</B> has exceeded expectations, attracting strong interest with its free plan and positioning us as
a leader in AI-enhanced telecom services.</FONT></LI>

</UL>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0 12pt"><B>Summary</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0 12pt">iQSTEL&rsquo;s financial and operational results for Q3 and
the first nine months of 2024 reflect transformative growth and strategic expansion. With a profitable Telecom Division, a successful
QXTEL acquisition, and a solid equity foundation, we are well-prepared for our Nasdaq uplisting, a long-awaited goal of our 22,000 shareholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0 12pt">Our newly established corporate financial planning department
is set to work closely with our subsidiaries on a monthly basis, implementing a robust plan to drive bottom-line results starting in FY-2025.
With a steadfast commitment from our Independent Board of Directors and strong investor support, iQSTEL is on an accelerated path to becoming
a <B>$1 billion revenue powerhouse by 2027</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0 12pt">The future is bright, and we are deeply grateful for your
continued support and belief in our journey. Together, let&rsquo;s make this vision a reality.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0 12pt"><B>Thank you for your continued support.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt">Sincerely,<BR>
<B>Leandro Jose Iglesias</B><BR>
President &amp; CEO, iQSTEL</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0"><B>About iQSTEL (Updated Oct. 2024):</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; text-align: justify; margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0">iQSTEL Inc. (OTC-QX: IQST)
(www.iQSTEL.com) is a US-based multinational publicly listed company in the final stages of the path to becoming listed on NASDAQ. With
FY2023 revenues of $144 million and a forecasted $290 million in revenue, alongside positive operating income of seven digits for FY-2024,
iQSTEL is positioning itself for explosive growth. iQSTEL's mission is to serve basic human needs in today's modern world by making essential
tools accessible, regardless of race, ethnicity, religion, socioeconomic status, or identity. The company recognizes that modern human
needs such as physiological, safety, relationship, esteem, and self-actualization are marginalized without access to ubiquitous communications,
financial freedom, clean, affordable mobility, and information.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; text-align: justify; margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0">iQSTEL has been building
a strong business platform with its customers, and by leveraging this trust, the company is now beginning to sell high-tech, high-margin
products across its divisions. iQSTEL is strategically positioned to achieve $1 billion in revenue by 2027 through organic growth, acquisitions,
and high-margin product expansion.</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 12pt/150% Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt"><B>Telecommunications Services Division (Communications):</B><BR>
Includes VoIP, SMS, International Fiber-Optic, Proprietary Internet of Things (IoT), and a Proprietary Mobile Portability Blockchain Platform.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 12pt/150% Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt"><B>Fintech Division (Financial Freedom):</B><BR>
Provides remittance services, top-up services, a MasterCard Debit Card, US bank accounts (no SSN required), and a Mobile App.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 12pt/150% Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt"><B>Electric Vehicles (EV) Division (Mobility):</B><BR>
Offers Electric Motorcycles and plans to launch a Mid-Speed Car.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 12pt/150% Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt"><B>Artificial Intelligence (AI) Services Division (Information
and Content):</B><BR>
Provides AI solutions for unified customer engagement across web and phone channels, along with a white-label platform offering seamless
access to services, entertainment, and support in a virtual 3D interface.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 12pt/150% Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&#183;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt"><B>Cybersecurity Services:</B><BR>
Through a new partnership with Cycurion, iQSTEL will offer advanced cybersecurity solutions, including 24/7 monitoring, threat detection,
incident response, vulnerability assessments, and compliance management, providing essential protection to telecommunications clients
and beyond.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; text-align: justify; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt">iQSTEL has completed 11
acquisitions since June 2018 and continues to develop an active pipeline of potential future acquisitions, further expanding its suite
of products and services both organically and through mergers and acquisitions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; text-align: justify; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; background-color: white; color: #1D2228">Safe
Harbor Statement: Statements in this news release may be &quot;forward-looking statements&quot;. Forward-looking statements include, but
are not limited to, statements that express our intentions, beliefs, expectations, strategies, predictions, or any other information relating
to our future activities or other future events or conditions. These statements are based on current expectations, estimates, and projections
about our business based partly on assumptions made by management. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve
risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Therefore, actual outcomes and results may and are likely to differ
materially from what is expressed or forecasted in forward-looking statements due to numerous factors. Any forward-looking statements
speak only as of the date of this news release, and iQSTEL Inc. undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect
events or circumstances after the date of this news release. This press release does not constitute a public offer of any securities for
sale. Any securities offered privately will not be or have not been registered under the Act and may not be offered or sold in&nbsp;the
United States&nbsp;absent registration or an applicable exemption from registration requirements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="color: #1D2228"><B>iQSTEL
Inc.</B><BR>
IR US Phone: 646-740-0907<BR>
IR Email:&nbsp;</FONT><FONT STYLE="color: #0F69FF">investors@iqstel.com</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="color: #1D2228"><B>Contact
Details</B><BR>
iQSTEL Inc.<BR>
+1 646-740-0907<BR>
</FONT><FONT STYLE="color: #0F69FF">investors@iqstel.com</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="color: #1D2228"><B>Company
Website<BR>
</B></FONT><FONT STYLE="color: #0F69FF">www.iqstel.com</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/150% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="color: #0F69FF">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 12pt">&nbsp;</P>

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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period Start Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period End Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Period Focus</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Year Focus</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:to="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Current Fiscal Year End Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity File Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:to="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Registrant Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Central Index Key</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Primary SIC Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Tax Identification Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line One</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Two</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Three</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, City or Town</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Country</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_CountryRegion" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CountryRegion" xlink:to="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Country Region</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:to="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">City Area Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:to="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Local Phone Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_Extension" xlink:label="dei_Extension" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Extension" xlink:to="dei_Extension_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Extension_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Extension</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:to="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Written Communications</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:to="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Soliciting Material</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(b) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:to="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">No Trading Symbol Flag</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trading Symbol</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:to="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(g) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:to="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Reporting Obligation</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:to="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Annual Information Form</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:to="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Audited Annual Financial Statements</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:to="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:label="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:to="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Voluntary Filers</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:label="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:to="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Current Reporting Status</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xlink:label="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xlink:to="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Interactive Data Current</link:label>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>7
<FILENAME>iqst-20241114_pre.xml
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>9
<FILENAME>R1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.4</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm44881244785936">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Nov. 14, 2024</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Nov. 14,  2024<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">000-55984<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">iQSTEL Inc.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001527702<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">45-2808620<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">NV<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">300 Aragon Avenue<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2', window );">Entity Address, Address Line Two</a></td>
<td class="text">Suite 375<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Coral Gables<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">FL<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">33134<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">(954)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">951-8191<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period. The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 2 such as Street or Suite number</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14a<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SolicitingMaterial</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_WrittenCommunications">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_WrittenCommunications</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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