<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001663577-25-000124.txt : 20250506
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ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001663577-25-000124
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		14
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20250506
ITEM INFORMATION:		Results of Operations and Financial Condition
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20250506
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20250506

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			iQSTEL Inc
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001527702
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	TELEPHONE COMMUNICATIONS (NO RADIO TELEPHONE) [4813]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	06 Technology
		EIN:				452808620
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			NV
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	000-55984
		FILM NUMBER:		25917239

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		300 ARAGON AVENUE, SUITE 375
		CITY:			CORAL GABLES
		STATE:			FL
		ZIP:			33134
		BUSINESS PHONE:		(954) 951-8191

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		300 ARAGON AVENUE, SUITE 375
		CITY:			CORAL GABLES
		STATE:			FL
		ZIP:			33134

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	PURESNAX INTERNATIONAL, INC.
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20151124

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	PURE SNAX INTERNATIONAL, INC.
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20150813

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	B-MAVEN, INC.
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20110810
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: center"><b>WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549<br/>
____________________</b></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CURRENT REPORT</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934<br/> <br/> </b>Date
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(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt">Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously
satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

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    <td style="width: 96%; font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17CFR 230.425)</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))</span></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company
as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (&#167;230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
(&#167;240.12b-2 of this chapter).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt">Emerging growth company&#160;&#160;&#160;<span id="xdx_907_edei--EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_c20250506__20250506_z8vcV7BUN3lg"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2025-05-06" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000027" name="dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">[ ]</ix:nonNumeric></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant
has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant
to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; [ ]</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt">Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt; text-align: justify"><b>SECTION 2 &#8211; FINANCIAL INFORMATION</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt; text-align: justify"><b>Item 2.02 Results of Operations and Financial
Condition.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt; text-align: justify">We have issued a press release concerning
our preliminary operating results for Q1 2025, our reverse split for an uplist to a national exchange, our anticipated revenue
results for 2025, our strategic plans and other matters.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt; text-align: justify">The press release is furnished with this Current Report on Form 8-K
as Exhibits 99.1. The information furnished under this Item 2.02 and Item 9.01 of this Current Report on Form 8-K, including Exhibit 99.1,
shall not be deemed to be &#8220;filed&#8221; for the purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise
subject to the liabilities of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference in any registration statement or other filing
under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, regardless of any general incorporation by reference language in such filing, except as
shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in any such filing.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 15pt"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 15pt"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 15pt"><b>SECTION 9 &#8211; <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-transform: uppercase">Financial
Statements and Exhibits</span></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b>&#160;</b></p>

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<td style="width: 0"/><td style="width: 1in"><b>Item 9.01</b></td><td><b>Financial Statements and Exhibits. </b></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Courier New, Courier, Monospace; margin: 0 0 0 1in; text-indent: -1in">&#160;</p>

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    <td style="font: 10pt Courier New, Courier, Monospace; width: 15%; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Exhibit No.</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Courier New, Courier, Monospace; width: 85%; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Description</b></span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Courier New, Courier, Monospace; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">99.1</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Courier New, Courier, Monospace; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt"><a href="ex99_1.htm"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Press Release, dated May 6, 2025</span></a></td></tr>
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<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt; text-align: center"><b>SIGNATURES</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt; text-align: justify">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt"><b>iQSTEL Inc.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Courier New, Courier, Monospace; margin: 0pt 15pt; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt"><span style="text-decoration: underline">/s/ Leandro Iglesias</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt">Leandro Iglesias<br/>
Chief Executive Officer</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt">Date May 6, 2025</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b>&#160;</b></p>

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<P STYLE="font: 16pt .AppleSystemUIFont,serif; margin: 0 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 16pt .AppleSystemUIFont,serif; margin: 0 25pt; color: #0E0E0E"><B>IQSTD - IQSTEL Reports Strong Preliminary Q1 2025 Results:
Revenue Growth, Margin Expansion, and Strategic Progress Toward NASDAQ Uplisting</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/115% Cambria, Times, Serif; margin: 0 25pt 10pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont,serif; margin: 0 25pt; color: #0E0E0E"><B>New York, NY &mdash; May 6, 2025</B> &mdash; <B>IQSTEL
Inc. (OTC: IQSTD)</B>, a global telecommunications and technology company, today announced its <B>preliminary first quarter 2025 financial
results</B>, delivering strong double-digit growth in revenue and a <B>40% increase in gross profit</B>, reflecting continued <B>improvements
toward achieving profitability</B>. These results reinforce the company&rsquo;s commitment to long-term value creation through strategic
initiatives, including its planned <B>NASDAQ uplisting</B> and <B>acquisition-driven growth strategy</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont,serif; margin: 0 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont,serif; margin: 0 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">The company has a successful track record of <B>improving
year over year across key operational financial metrics</B>&mdash;including revenue, gross profit, EBITDA, assets, among others&mdash;while
growing at a gigantic pace of 96% year-over-year. This performance demonstrates consistent execution and the scalability of its business
model.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont,serif; margin: 0 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont,serif; margin: 0 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont,serif; margin: 0 25pt; color: #0E0E0E"><B>Preliminary Q1 2025 Financial Highlights</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont,serif; margin: 9pt 25pt 0pt 45pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;<B>Net Revenue:</B>
$57.6 million, a <B>12% increase</B> from $51.4 million in Q1 2024</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont,serif; margin: 9pt 25pt 0pt 45pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;<B>Gross
Profit:</B> $1.93 million, a <B>40% increase</B> from $1.38 million in Q1 2024</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont,serif; margin: 9pt 25pt 0pt 45pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;<B>Gross
Margin:</B> Improved to <B>3.36%</B>, a <B>25% increase</B> from 2.68% in Q1 2024</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont,serif; margin: 9pt 25pt 0pt 45pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;<B>Adjusted
EBITDA (Telecom Division):</B> $593,604</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont,serif; margin: 0 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont,serif; margin: 0 25pt; color: #0E0E0E"><B>Q4 2024 Revenue Reference:</B> $98.8 million, highlighting
the company&rsquo;s strong momentum heading into 2025. Historically, IQSTEL&rsquo;s second-half performance has significantly outpaced
the first half, reinforcing confidence in continued growth.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont,serif; margin: 0 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont,serif; margin: 0 25pt; color: #0E0E0E"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont,serif; margin: 0 25pt; color: #0E0E0E"><B>Strategic Path to NASDAQ Uplisting</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont,serif; margin: 0 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont,serif; margin: 0 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">The company recently executed a reverse stock split as a necessary
technical step to meet NASDAQ Capital Market listing requirements. Management believes the uplisting initiative will significantly enhance
IQSTEL&rsquo;s <B>visibility</B>, <B>investor access</B>, and <B>long-term valuation potential</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont,serif; margin: 0 25pt; color: #0E0E0E"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont,serif; margin: 9pt 25pt 0pt 45pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;The <B>NASDAQ
uplisting</B> is positioned as a long-term value catalyst for IQSTEL. Comparable telecommunications and technology companies listed on
<B>NASDAQ and NYSE</B> typically trade at <B>revenue multiples starting at 1.0x</B>, depending on factors such as growth outlook, profitability,
market conditions, and industry subsector dynamics.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont,serif; margin: 9pt 25pt 0pt 45pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;<B>IQSTEL
is currently trading at just 0.07x revenue</B>, highlighting a significant disconnect from typical market benchmarks and signaling a compelling
revaluation opportunity as the company continues to scale.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont,serif; margin: 9pt 25pt 0pt 45pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;Internal
analysis shows that telecom and tech companies with <B>annual revenues exceeding $1 billion</B> generally achieve <B>market capitalizations
over $1 billion</B>, except in cases involving financial distress, stagnant growth, or temporary market corrections.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont,serif; margin: 0 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont,serif; margin: 0 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">This insight strongly reinforces the company&rsquo;s decision
to uplist to NASDAQ. Management believes IQSTEL deserves to be measured on the same basis as its industry peers&mdash;particularly as
it remains on track to achieve its <B>$1 billion revenue target</B>. Even under conservative assumptions, such a shift in valuation approach
could lead to a <B>transformational improvement in shareholder value</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont,serif; margin: 0 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont,serif; margin: 0 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont,serif; margin: 0 25pt; color: #0E0E0E"><B>The Real Value of Our Business Platform</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont,serif; margin: 0 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont,serif; margin: 0 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">IQSTEL&rsquo;s business platform is the result of <B>years
of sustained effort, technological development, and commercial trust-building</B>. Establishing this platform required securing <B>interconnection
agreements with the largest telecommunications networks worldwide</B>&mdash;a process that is highly complex, resource-intensive, and
not easily replicated.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont,serif; margin: 0 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont,serif; margin: 0 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">Once these technical interconnections are in place, the real
value emerges through the cultivation of <B>strong, long-term business relationships</B>. IQSTEL has successfully built a global network
of trusted customers and vendors, exchanging <B>hundreds of millions of dollars annually</B>. This level of <B>commercial reliability
and mutual trust</B> has created a resilient and strategically valuable operating ecosystem.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont,serif; margin: 0 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont,serif; margin: 0 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">Maintaining and growing this platform demands:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont,serif; margin: 9pt 25pt 0pt 45pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;Robust <B>technological
infrastructure</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont,serif; margin: 9pt 25pt 0pt 45pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;A highly
skilled <B>telecom and engineering team</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont,serif; margin: 9pt 25pt 0pt 45pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;Deep <B>industry
knowledge</B> and consistent <B>execution over time</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont,serif; margin: 0 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont,serif; margin: 0 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">As a result, IQSTEL has built a <B>stable and scalable business
model</B>. With the platform firmly in place, the company is now leveraging it to offer <B>high-tech, high-margin products</B>&mdash;including
AI-powered tools, fintech services, and cybersecurity solutions&mdash;through its existing global customer base.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont,serif; margin: 0 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont,serif; margin: 0 25pt; color: #0E0E0E"><B>Once IQSTEL becomes a NASDAQ-listed company</B>, it will
enter a new strategic tier. The company will be positioned not only for <B>greater investor visibility and valuation efficiency</B>, but
also as a <B>potential acquisition target</B> for larger technology firms seeking immediate access to a global business platform and long-standing
commercial relationships&mdash;assets that would otherwise take years and significant capital to replicate.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont,serif; margin: 0 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont; color: #0E0E0E; margin: 0 25pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont; color: #0E0E0E; margin: 0 25pt"><B>Executive Commentary</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont; color: #0E0E0E; margin: 0 25pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont; color: #0E0E0E; margin: 0 25pt">&ldquo;We are very pleased with our Q1 performance. Our business
platform continues to demonstrate robust revenue generation, along with steady improvements toward profitability,&rdquo; said <B>Leandro
Iglesias</B>, CEO of IQSTEL. &ldquo;The consistent growth in gross profit and margin reflects our commitment to enhancing the quality
of our operations and reinforcing a solid foundation for scalable, high-margin expansion.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/115% Cambria, Times, Serif; margin: 0 25pt 10pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont; color: #0E0E0E; margin: 0 25pt"><B>A Vision for Scalable Growth</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont; color: #0E0E0E; margin: 0 25pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont; color: #0E0E0E; margin: 0 25pt">IQSTEL remains focused on executing its strategic roadmap to reach
<B>$1 billion in annual revenue by 2027</B>. With a <B>diversified portfolio</B> spanning <B>telecom, AI, fintech, and cybersecurity</B>,
operations in <B>over 20 countries</B>, and a team of <B>100 highly motivated and committed professionals</B>, the company is strongly
positioned to scale both <B>revenue and improvements toward profitability</B> in the years ahead.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont; margin: 0 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont; margin: 0 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD STYLE="width: 25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD STYLE="width: 25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont; margin: 0 25pt; color: #0E0E0E"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont; margin: 0 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont; margin: 0 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont; margin: 0 25pt; color: #0E0E0E"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont; color: #0E0E0E; margin: 0 25pt"><B>About IQSTEL Inc.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont; color: #0E0E0E; margin: 0 25pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont; color: #0E0E0E; margin: 0 25pt">IQSTEL Inc. (OTCQX: IQST) is a multinational technology company
offering cutting-edge solutions in <B>Telecom, Fintech, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Cybersecurity</B>. Operating in 21 countries<B>,</B>
IQSTEL delivers high-value, high-margin services to its extensive global customer base. <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10.5pt">IQSTEL projects
$340 million in revenue for FY-2025, building on its strong business platform<B>.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont; color: #0E0E0E; margin: 0 25pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont; color: #0E0E0E; margin: 0 25pt"><B>Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures: </B>The Company uses certain
financial calculations such as Adjusted EBITDA, Return on Assets and Return on Equity as factors in the measurement and evaluation of
the Company&rsquo;s operating performance and period-over-period growth. The Company derives these financial calculations on the basis
of methodologies other than generally accepted accounting principles (&ldquo;GAAP&rdquo;), primarily by excluding from a comparable GAAP
measure certain items the Company does not consider to be representative of its actual operating performance. These financial calculations
are &ldquo;non-GAAP financial measures&rdquo; as defined under the SEC rules. The Company uses these non-GAAP financial measures in operating
its business because management believes they are less susceptible to variances in actual operating performance that can result from the
excluded items, other infrequent charges and currency fluctuations. The Company presents these financial measures to investors because
management believes they are useful to investors in evaluating the primary factors that drive the Company&rsquo;s core operating performance
and provide greater transparency into the Company&rsquo;s results of operations. However, items that are excluded and other adjustments
and assumptions that are made in calculating these non-GAAP financial measures are significant components in understanding and assessing
the Company&rsquo;s financial performance. These non-GAAP financial measures should be evaluated in conjunction with, and are not a substitute
for, the Company&rsquo;s GAAP financial measures. Further, because these non-GAAP financial measures are not determined in accordance
with GAAP, and are thus susceptible to varying calculations, the non-GAAP financial measures, as presented, may not be comparable to other
similarly-titled measures of other companies.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont; color: #0E0E0E; margin: 0 25pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont; color: #0E0E0E; margin: 0 25pt">Adjusted EBITDA is not a recognized accounting measurement under
GAAP; it should not be considered as an alternative to net income, as a measure of operating results, or as an alternative to cash flow
as a measure of liquidity. It is presented here not as an alternative to net income, but rather as a measure of the Company's operating
performance. Adjusted EBITDA excludes, in addition to non-operational expenses like interest expenses, taxes, depreciation and amortization;
items that we believe are not indicative of our operating performance, such as:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont; color: #0E0E0E; margin: 0 25pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont; margin: 0pt 25pt 0pt 45pt; color: #0E0E0E; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.5pt">&#167;</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;
</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10.5pt">Change in Fair Value of Derivative Liabilities: These adjustments reflect unrealized gains or losses
that are non-operational and subject to market volatility.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont; margin: 0pt 25pt 0pt 45pt; color: #0E0E0E; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.5pt">&#167;</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;
</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10.5pt">Loss on Settlement of Debt: This represents non-recurring expenses associated with specific financing
activities and does not impact ongoing business operations.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont; margin: 0pt 25pt 0pt 45pt; color: #0E0E0E; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.5pt">&#167;</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;
</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10.5pt">Stock-Based Compensation: As a non-cash expense, this adjustment eliminates variability caused
by equity-based incentives.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont; color: #0E0E0E; margin: 0 25pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont; color: #0E0E0E; margin: 0 25pt">The Company believes Adjusted EBITDA offers a clearer view of the
cash-generating potential of its business, excluding non-recurring, non-cash, and non-operational impacts. Management believes that Adjusted
EBITDA is useful in evaluating the Company's operating performance compared to that of other companies in its industry because the calculation
of Adjusted EBITDA generally eliminates the effects of financing, income taxes, non-cash and certain other items that may vary for different
companies for reasons unrelated to overall operating performance and also believes this information is useful to investors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont; color: #0E0E0E; margin: 0 25pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont; color: #0E0E0E; margin: 0 25pt"><B>Safe Harbor Statement:</B> Statements in this news release may
be &quot;forward-looking statements&quot;. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements that express our intentions,
beliefs, expectations, strategies, predictions, or any other information relating to our future activities or other future events or conditions.
Words such as &quot;anticipate,&quot; &quot;believe,&quot; &quot;estimate,&quot; &quot;expect,&quot; &quot;intend&quot;, &quot;could&quot;
and similar expressions, as they relate to the company or its management, identify forward-looking statements. These statements are based
on current expectations, estimates, and projections about our business based partly on assumptions made by management. Important factors
that could cause our actual results and financial condition to differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements
include, among others, the following: our ability to successfully market our products and services; our continued ability to pay operating
costs and ability to meet demand for our products and services; the amount and nature of competition from other telecom products and services;
the effects of changes in the cybersecurity and telecom markets; our ability to successfully develop new products and services; our ability
to complete complementary acquisitions and dispositions that benefit our company; our success establishing and maintaining collaborative,
strategic alliance agreements with our industry partners; our ability to comply with applicable regulations; our ability to secure capital
when needed; and the other risks and uncertainties described in our prior filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont; color: #0E0E0E; margin: 0 25pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont; color: #0E0E0E; margin: 0 25pt">These statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve
risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Therefore, actual outcomes and results may and are likely to differ
materially from what is expressed or forecasted in forward-looking statements due to numerous factors. Any forward-looking statements
speak only as of the date of this news release, and IQSTEL Inc. undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect
events or circumstances after the date of this news release.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont; color: #0E0E0E; margin: 0 25pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont; color: #0E0E0E; margin: 0 25pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont; color: #0E0E0E; margin: 0 25pt">For more information, please visit www.iqstel.com</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont; color: #0E0E0E; margin: 0 25pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont; color: #0E0E0E; margin: 0 25pt"><B>Investor Relations Contact:</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont; color: #0E0E0E; margin: 0 25pt">IQSTEL Inc.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont; color: #0E0E0E; margin: 0 25pt">300 Aragon Avenue, Suite 375, Coral Gables, FL 33134</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont; color: #0E0E0E; margin: 0 25pt">Email: investors@iqstel.com</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/115% Cambria, Times, Serif; margin: 0 25pt 10pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt/115% Cambria, Times, Serif; margin: 0 25pt 10pt">&nbsp;</P>

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          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
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    <import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2025" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd" />
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    <import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2025" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2025/country-2025.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/srt/2025" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2025/elts/srt-2025.xsd" />
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.LAB
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>iqst-20250506_lab.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL LABEL FILE
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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>iqst-20250506_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL PRESENTATION FILE
<TEXT>
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    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: VendorURI; Value: https://www.novaworks.com -->
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Status; Value: 0x00000000 -->
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<head>
<title></title>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>May 06, 2025</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">May  06,  2025<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">000-55984<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">iQSTEL Inc.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001527702<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">45-2808620<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">NV<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">300 Aragon Avenue<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2', window );">Entity Address, Address Line Two</a></td>
<td class="text">Suite 375<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Coral Gables<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">FL<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">33134<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">(954)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">951-8191<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period. The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 2 such as Street or Suite number</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
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<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14a<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SolicitingMaterial</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
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<td>na</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_WrittenCommunications">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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