<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001663577-25-000151.txt : 20250515
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ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001663577-25-000151
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		14
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20250515
ITEM INFORMATION:		Results of Operations and Financial Condition
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20250515
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20250515

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			iQSTEL Inc
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001527702
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	TELEPHONE COMMUNICATIONS (NO RADIO TELEPHONE) [4813]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	06 Technology
		EIN:				452808620
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			NV
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-42644
		FILM NUMBER:		25952045

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		300 ARAGON AVENUE, SUITE 375
		CITY:			CORAL GABLES
		STATE:			FL
		ZIP:			33134
		BUSINESS PHONE:		(954) 951-8191

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		300 ARAGON AVENUE, SUITE 375
		CITY:			CORAL GABLES
		STATE:			FL
		ZIP:			33134

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	PURESNAX INTERNATIONAL, INC.
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20151124

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	PURE SNAX INTERNATIONAL, INC.
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20150813

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	B-MAVEN, INC.
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20110810
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: center"><b>WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549<br/>
____________________</b></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CURRENT REPORT</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934<br/> <br/> </b>Date
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt">Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously
satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

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    <td style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))</span></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt">Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; width: 95%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-right: auto">
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    <td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; width: 32%; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: center"><b>Trading symbol</b></td>
    <td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; width: 32%; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: center"><b>Name of each exchange on which registered</b></td></tr>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company
as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (&#167;230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
(&#167;240.12b-2 of this chapter).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt">Emerging growth company&#160;&#160;&#160;<span id="xdx_902_edei--EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_c20250515__20250515_zFEX7U0uqy97"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2025-05-15" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000027" name="dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">[ ]</ix:nonNumeric></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant
has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant
to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; [ ]</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt; text-align: justify"><b>SECTION 2 &#8211; FINANCIAL INFORMATION</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt; text-align: justify"><b>Item 2.02 Results of Operations and Financial
Condition.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 15pt">We have issued a shareholder letter concerning our preliminary operating
results for Q1 2025, our anticipated revenue results in future periods, our strategic plans, and other matters.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 15pt">The shareholder letter is furnished with this Current Report on Form 8-K
as Exhibits 99.1. The information furnished under this Item 2.02 and Item 9.01 of this Current Report on Form 8-K, including Exhibit 99.1,
shall not be deemed to be &#8220;filed&#8221; for the purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise
subject to the liabilities of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference in any registration statement or other filing
under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, regardless of any general incorporation by reference language in such filing, except as
shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in any such filing.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 15pt"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 15pt"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 15pt"><b>SECTION 9 &#8211; <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-transform: uppercase">Financial
Statements and Exhibits</span></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b>&#160;</b></p>

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<td style="width: 0"/><td style="width: 1in"><b>Item 9.01</b></td><td><b>Financial Statements and Exhibits. </b></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Courier New, Courier, Monospace; margin: 0 0 0 1in; text-indent: -1in">&#160;</p>

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    <td style="font: 10pt Courier New, Courier, Monospace; width: 15%; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Exhibit No.</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Courier New, Courier, Monospace; width: 85%; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Description</b></span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Courier New, Courier, Monospace; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">99.1</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Courier New, Courier, Monospace; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt"><a href="ex99_1.htm"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Shareholder
    Letter, dated May 15, 2025</span></a></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt; text-align: center"><b>SIGNATURES</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt; text-align: justify">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt"><b>iQSTEL Inc.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Courier New, Courier, Monospace; margin: 0pt 15pt; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt"><span style="text-decoration: underline">/s/ Leandro Iglesias</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt">Leandro Iglesias<br/>
Chief Executive Officer</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 15pt">Date May 15, 2025</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b>&#160;</b></p>

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<P STYLE="font: 16pt/107% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 25pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 16pt/107% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0 25pt 8pt; text-align: left"><B>IQST - IQSTEL Reports $57.6M Q1 Revenue in First NASDAQ
Shareholder Letter, Reaffirms Path to $1 Billion by 2027 as Global Tech Evolution Accelerates</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; color: #0E0E0E">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0 25pt; color: #0E0E0E"><B>New York, NY &ndash; May 15, 2025</B> &mdash; IQSTEL
Inc. (NASDAQ: IQST), a multinational telecommunications and technology company, today released its Q1 2025 Shareholder Letter&mdash;its
first since being uplisted to the NASDAQ Capital Market.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; color: #0E0E0E">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">In the letter, CEO Leandro Iglesias details the company&rsquo;s
performance, strategic vision, and transformation into a high-tech multinational on course to reach $1 billion in annual revenue by 2027.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; color: #0E0E0E">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0 25pt; color: #0E0E0E"><B>Highlights from the Q1 2025 Shareholder Letter:</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 0pt 0pt 45pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;<B>$57.6
million in revenue</B>, up 12% YoY</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 0pt 0pt 45pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;<B>$0.59
million in Adjusted EBITDA</B> (Telecom Division)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 0pt 0pt 45pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;<B>$0.25
million in Net Income</B> (Telecom Division)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 0pt 0pt 45pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;<B>$1.93
million in Gross Profit</B>, up 40% YoY</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 0pt 0pt 45pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;<B>3.36%
Gross Margin</B>, up 25% from 2.68% in Q1 2024</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 0pt 0pt 45pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;<B>$11.6
million in Stockholders&rsquo; Equity </B>or <B>$4.38 per common share</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 0pt 0pt 45pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;<B>$13.4
million revenue between subsidiary synergies</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 0pt 0pt 45pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;<B>QXTEL
contributed 37% of total revenue</B>, leading international growth</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 0pt 0pt 45pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;Strategic
goal to reach a <B>$400M run rate by year-end</B>, with 20% from tech services</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; color: #0E0E0E">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">The full financial details are available in the company&rsquo;s
<B>Form 10-Q</B>, filed today with the SEC.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0 25pt; color: #0E0E0E"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 16pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 25pt; color: #0E0E0E"><B>Shareholder Letter &ndash; May 15, 2025</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">Dear Shareholders,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">It is with great pride that I share IQSTEL&rsquo;s Q1 2025
financial results&mdash;our first earnings release as a NASDAQ-listed company. This marks a pivotal milestone in our journey: a strategic
evolution from a global telecommunications company into a scalable, high-tech corporation positioned for long-term value creation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">On May 14, 2025, IQSTEL began trading on the NASDAQ Capital
Market under the ticker symbol IQST, following seven years of consistent performance and growth on the OTC Markets. This uplisting opens
a new chapter in our story and places IQSTEL on a global stage with enhanced credibility, visibility, and access to institutional capital.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; color: #0E0E0E">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="color: #0E0E0E; font: 14pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0"><B></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 14pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; color: #0E0E0E; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 14pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0 25pt 0pt; color: #0E0E0E"><B>A Track Record of Delivering on Our Promises</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; color: #0E0E0E; margin: 0 25pt 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; color: #0E0E0E; margin: 0 25pt 0pt">Over the past seven years, IQSTEL has consistently delivered
on every major commitment to our shareholders:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 25pt 0pt 45pt; color: #0E0E0E; text-indent: -9.75pt">&#9;&bull;&#9;<B>Sustained
Revenue Growth</B>: From <B>$13.8 million in 2018</B> to <B>$283 million in 2024</B>, consistently meeting or exceeding annual forecasts.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 25pt 0pt 45pt; color: #0E0E0E; text-indent: -9.75pt">&#9;&bull;&#9;<B>Robust
Corporate Governance</B>: Fully established <B>Audit, Compensation, and Ethics Committees</B>; an <B>independent Board of Directors</B>;
and <B>annual shareholder meetings</B> supporting transparency and accountability.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 25pt 0pt 45pt; color: #0E0E0E; text-indent: -9.75pt">&#9;&bull;&#9;<B>NASDAQ
Uplisting Achieved</B>: Successfully advanced from <B>Pink to QB to OTCQX</B>, culminating in a NASDAQ listing in 2025&mdash;with <B>no
capital raise or shareholder dilution</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 25pt 0pt 45pt; color: #0E0E0E; text-indent: -9.75pt">&#9;&bull;&#9;<B>Enhanced
Shareholder Value</B>: Revenue Per Share now exceeds <B>$100</B>, reflecting disciplined growth and execution.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 25pt 0pt 45pt; color: #0E0E0E; text-indent: -9.75pt">&#9;&bull;&#9;<B>Balance
Sheet Transformation</B>: Met NASDAQ&rsquo;s stockholders&rsquo; equity requirement <B>without raising new capital</B>, demonstrating
financial strength and operational efficiency.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 25pt 0pt 45pt; color: #0E0E0E; text-indent: -9.75pt">&#9;&bull;&#9;<B>Equity
Growth</B>: IQSTEL&rsquo;s net stockholders&rsquo; equity improved from <B>($1.6 million) or -$0.11 per share in 2018</B> to <B>$11.6
million or $4.38 per common share as of March 31, 2025</B>&mdash;a powerful indicator of the value we&rsquo;ve created over time.&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 14pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; color: #0E0E0E">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 14pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 25pt; color: #0E0E0E"><B>Q1 2025: Financial Highlights That Reflect a Solid Foundation</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 45pt 0pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;<B>Revenue</B>:
$57.6 million (up 12% YoY from $51.4M)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 45pt 0pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;<B>Gross
Profit</B>: $1.93 million (up 40% YoY)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 45pt 0pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;<B>Gross
Margin</B>: 3.36% (up 2.68% YOY)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 45pt 0pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;<B>Adjusted
EBITDA (Telecom Division)</B>: $0.59 million</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 45pt 0pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;<B>Net
Income (Telecom Division)</B>: $0.25 million</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 45pt 0pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;<B>Stockholders&rsquo;
Equity</B>: $11.6 million or $4.38 per common share</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 45pt 0pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;<B>Subsidiary
Synergies</B>: $13.4 million revenue between Company subsidiaries</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 45pt 0pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;<B>QXTEL
Contribution</B>: 37% of revenue, leading in Europe, Middle East &amp; Caribbean</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 45pt 0pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;<B>Q4 2024
Revenue Reference</B>: $98.9M, highlighting strong momentum</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; color: #0E0E0E">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">IQSTEL&rsquo;s Q1 performance demonstrates the strength
of our Telecom Division, which represents over 99% of our revenue. Through our roll-up strategy, we are actively integrating our subsidiaries
to extract maximum efficiency, scale, and profitability. QXTEL, our international flagship, continues to lead this charge.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">In 2024, we also achieved nearly <B>$100 million in organic
growth</B>&mdash;a testament to customer trust. We believe our new NASDAQ status will further catalyze commercial growth and new opportunities.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 11pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0 0 8pt"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 14pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 25pt; color: #0E0E0E"><B>Building a Scalable, High-Tech Growth Engine</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">IQSTEL&rsquo;s business has now reached <B>critical mass</B>
in terms of infrastructure, scale, and market presence. With <B>over 100 employees</B> operating across <B>more than 20 countries</B>,
and <B>600+ business relationships</B> involving direct network interconnections, we have built a platform that is both <B>robust and
difficult to replicate</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">This unique foundation&mdash;built over years of execution
and trust&mdash;positions us to introduce and scale <B>high-margin, high-tech services</B> including:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 25pt 0pt 45pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;<B>High
Tech Telecom Solutions</B>: eSIM, roaming, and cloud numbering</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 25pt 0pt 45pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;<B>Fintech
Services</B>: digital payments and mobile banking</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 25pt 0pt 45pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;<B>AI Telecom
Services</B>: automation, customer support, lead generation</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 25pt 0pt 45pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;<B>Cybersecurity
Services</B>: enterprise-grade telecom infrastructure protection</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; color: #0E0E0E">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">Our integration into the networks and operations of top-tier
global telecom carriers allows us to <B>rapidly scale new offerings</B> with <B>minimal incremental cost</B>, meaning every new dollar
of revenue has a direct and amplified impact on EBITDA.</P>



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<P STYLE="font: 14pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; color: #0E0E0E"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 14pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 25pt; color: #0E0E0E"><B>FY-2025 Financial and Operational Objectives</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; color: #0E0E0E">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 14pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">IQSTEL&rsquo;s 2025 roadmap is focused on profitable growth,
operational scale, and long-term value creation:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 25pt 0pt 45pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;<B>FY-2025
Targets</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 25pt 0pt 45pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;<B>Revenue</B>:
$340 million</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 25pt 0pt 45pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;<B>Adjusted
EBITDA (Operating Subsidiaries)</B>: $3 million+</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 25pt 0pt 45pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;<B>Net
Income (Operating Subsidiaries)</B>: 7-digit</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 25pt 0pt 45pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;<B>Revenue
Run Rate Mix Goal</B>: 80% Telecom / 20% Tech</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 25pt 0pt 45pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;<B>Year-End
Run Rate</B>: $400 million, with 20% from tech services</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 25pt 0pt 45pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;<B>Strategic
Acquisitions</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 25pt 0pt 45pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;Actively
pursuing acquisitions in <B>telecom, fintech, and cybersecurity</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 25pt 0pt 45pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;Focused
on targets that contribute <B>positive EBITDA</B> and align with our long-term strategic vision</P>



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<P STYLE="font: 14pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; color: #0E0E0E"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 14pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 25pt; color: #0E0E0E"><B>What Shareholders and Investors Can Expect as a NASDAQ-Listed
Company</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">With our successful uplisting to the NASDAQ Capital Market,
IQSTEL has entered a new era&mdash;one that is expected to accelerate growth, elevate our valuation, and unlock new channels for long-term
value creation. Here&rsquo;s what shareholders and investors can anticipate:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 25pt 0pt 45pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;<B>Greater
Global Visibility and Liquidity</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 25pt 0pt 65pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;Being
listed on NASDAQ positions IQSTEL directly in front of institutional investors and global funds that were previously restricted from investing
in OTC-listed or sub-$3 stocks.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 25pt 0pt 65pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;Enhanced
visibility is expected to broaden our shareholder base, increase daily trading volume, and strengthen investor confidence across both
U.S. and international markets.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 25pt 0pt 45pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;<B>Expanded
Institutional Access</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 25pt 0pt 65pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;NASDAQ
uplisting unlocks access to trading platforms and institutional funds in the UK and EU, many of which previously restricted OTC stocks.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 25pt 0pt 65pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;Thousands
of customers, vendors, and partners who already know and trust IQSTEL can now invest with ease through compliant international platforms.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 25pt 0pt 45pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;<B>Strengthened
Shareholder Structure</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 25pt 0pt 65pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;IQSTEL
maintains a disciplined capital structure with fewer than 3 million shares outstanding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 25pt 0pt 65pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;All convertible
instruments mature in Q1 2026, eliminating short-term dilution risk and preserving long-term shareholder value.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 25pt 0pt 45pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;<B>Accelerated
Commercial Growth</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 25pt 0pt 65pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;NASDAQ
status enhances our reputation with enterprise clients and global partners&mdash;many of whom are listed corporations themselves.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 25pt 0pt 65pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;This
credibility is already opening doors to larger contracts, strategic partnerships, and expanded customer relationships.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 25pt 0pt 45pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;<B>Improved
Acquisition Capabilities</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 25pt 0pt 65pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;As a
listed company with strong fundamentals and a clean share structure, IQSTEL is now better positioned to pursue accretive acquisitions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 25pt 0pt 65pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;Our equity
can be used as effective deal currency for telecom, fintech, and AI targets with positive EBITDA&mdash;without unnecessary dilution.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 25pt 0pt 45pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;<B>Valuation
Recalibration</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 25pt 0pt 65pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;IQSTEL
is currently trading at just ~0.10x 2024 revenue, while peer companies on NASDAQ typically trade at 1.0x or higher&mdash;even without
profitability.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 25pt 0pt 65pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;Our scalable
business model, strong balance sheet, and growing adjusted EBITDA create the foundation for a potential revaluation in line with industry
benchmarks.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 25pt 0pt 45pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;<B>Execution
Toward $1 Billion Vision</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 25pt 0pt 65pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;IQSTEL
has a clear roadmap to scale its operations and profitability, targeting $1 billion in revenue by 2027.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 9pt 25pt 0pt 65pt; text-indent: -9.75pt; color: #0E0E0E">&#9;&bull;&#9;We are
building a high-tech global company powered by strong fundamentals, global infrastructure, and a seasoned leadership team.</P>



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<P STYLE="font: 14pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; color: #0E0E0E"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 14pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 25pt; color: #0E0E0E"><B>Looking Ahead</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">We believe our business is positioned to deliver increasing
EBITDA, high-margin revenue, and stronger shareholder value&mdash;starting now.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">To our <B>20,000+ shareholders</B>, thank you for your belief
and continued support.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">We are executing on every promise&mdash;and the best is
yet to come.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 25pt; color: #0E0E0E"><B>Sincerely,</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 25pt; color: #0E0E0E"><B>Leandro Iglesias</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">President &amp; CEO</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">IQSTEL Inc. (NASDAQ: IQST)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; color: #0E0E0E"></P>



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<P STYLE="color: #0E0E0E; font: 12pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 25pt; color: #0E0E0E"><B>About IQSTEL Inc.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; color: #0E0E0E; margin: 0pt 25pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 25pt; color: #0E0E0E"><B>IQSTEL Inc. (NASDAQ: IQST)</B> is a multinational technology
company providing advanced solutions across <B>Telecom</B>, <B>High-Tech Telecom Services</B>, <B>Fintech</B>, <B>AI-Powered Telecom Platforms</B>,
and <B>Cybersecurity</B>. With operations in <B>21 countries</B> and a team of <B>100 employees</B>, IQSTEL serves a broad global customer
base with high-value, high-margin services. Backed by a strong and scalable business platform, the company is forecasting <B>$340 million
in revenue for FY-2025</B>, reinforcing its trajectory toward becoming a $1 billion tech-driven enterprise by 2027.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 25pt; color: #0E0E0E">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; color: #0E0E0E; margin: 0pt 25pt"><B>Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures: </B>The Company uses
certain financial calculations such as Adjusted EBITDA, Return on Assets and Return on Equity as factors in the measurement and evaluation
of the Company&rsquo;s operating performance and period-over-period growth. The Company derives these financial calculations on the basis
of methodologies other than generally accepted accounting principles (&ldquo;GAAP&rdquo;), primarily by excluding from a comparable GAAP
measure certain items the Company does not consider to be representative of its actual operating performance. These financial calculations
are &ldquo;non-GAAP financial measures&rdquo; as defined under the SEC rules. The Company uses these non-GAAP financial measures in operating
its business because management believes they are less susceptible to variances in actual operating performance that can result from the
excluded items, other infrequent charges and currency fluctuations. The Company presents these financial measures to investors because
management believes they are useful to investors in evaluating the primary factors that drive the Company&rsquo;s core operating performance
and provide greater transparency into the Company&rsquo;s results of operations. However, items that are excluded and other adjustments
and assumptions that are made in calculating these non-GAAP financial measures are significant components in understanding and assessing
the Company&rsquo;s financial performance. These non-GAAP financial measures should be evaluated in conjunction with, and are not a substitute
for, the Company&rsquo;s GAAP financial measures. Further, because these non-GAAP financial measures are not determined in accordance
with GAAP, and are thus susceptible to varying calculations, the non-GAAP financial measures, as presented, may not be comparable to other
similarly-titled measures of other companies.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; color: #0E0E0E; margin: 0pt 25pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; color: #0E0E0E; margin: 0pt 25pt">Adjusted EBITDA is not a recognized accounting measurement
under GAAP; it should not be considered as an alternative to net income, as a measure of operating results, or as an alternative to cash
flow as a measure of liquidity. It is presented here not as an alternative to net income, but rather as a measure of the Company's operating
performance. Adjusted EBITDA excludes, in addition to non-operational expenses like interest expenses, taxes, depreciation and amortization;
items that we believe are not indicative of our operating performance, such as:</P>

<P STYLE="color: #0E0E0E; font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 16.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont; margin: 0pt 25pt 0pt 65pt; color: #0E0E0E; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt">&#167;</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;
</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt">Change in Fair Value of Derivative Liabilities: These
adjustments reflect unrealized gains or losses that are non-operational and subject to market volatility.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 16.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont; margin: 0pt 25pt 0pt 65pt; color: #0E0E0E; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt">&#167;</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;
</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt">Loss on Settlement of Debt: This represents non-recurring
expenses associated with specific financing activities and does not impact ongoing business operations.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 16.5pt .AppleSystemUIFont; margin: 0pt 25pt 0pt 65pt; color: #0E0E0E; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt">&#167;</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;
</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt">Stock-Based Compensation: As a non-cash expense, this
adjustment eliminates variability caused by equity-based incentives.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="color: #0E0E0E; font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; color: #0E0E0E; margin: 0pt 25pt">The Company believes Adjusted EBITDA offers a clearer view
of the cash-generating potential of its business, excluding non-recurring, non-cash, and non-operational impacts. Management believes
that Adjusted EBITDA is useful in evaluating the Company's operating performance compared to that of other companies in its industry because
the calculation of Adjusted EBITDA generally eliminates the effects of financing, income taxes, non-cash and certain other items that
may vary for different companies for reasons unrelated to overall operating performance and also believes this information is useful to
investors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; color: #0E0E0E; margin: 0pt 25pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; color: #0E0E0E; margin: 0pt 25pt"><B>Safe Harbor Statement:</B> Statements in this news release
may be &quot;forward-looking statements&quot;. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements that express our
intentions, beliefs, expectations, strategies, predictions, or any other information relating to our future activities or other future
events or conditions. Words such as &quot;anticipate,&quot; &quot;believe,&quot; &quot;estimate,&quot; &quot;expect,&quot; &quot;intend&quot;,
&quot;could&quot; and similar expressions, as they relate to the company or its management, identify forward-looking statements. These
statements are based on current expectations, estimates, and projections about our business based partly on assumptions made by management.
Important factors that could cause our actual results and financial condition to differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking
statements include, among others, the following: our ability to successfully market our products and services; our continued ability to
pay operating costs and ability to meet demand for our products and services; the amount and nature of competition from other telecom
products and services; the effects of changes in the cybersecurity and telecom markets; our ability to successfully develop new products
and services; our ability to complete complementary acquisitions and dispositions that benefit our company; our success establishing and
maintaining collaborative, strategic alliance agreements with our industry partners; our ability to comply with applicable regulations;
our ability to secure capital when needed; and the other risks and uncertainties described in our prior filings with the Securities and
Exchange Commission.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; color: #0E0E0E; margin: 0pt 25pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; color: #0E0E0E; margin: 0pt 25pt">These statements are not guarantees of future performance
and involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Therefore, actual outcomes and results may and are likely
to differ materially from what is expressed or forecasted in forward-looking statements due to numerous factors. Any forward-looking statements
speak only as of the date of this news release, and IQSTEL Inc. undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect
events or circumstances after the date of this news release.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; color: #0E0E0E; margin: 0pt 25pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; color: #0E0E0E; margin: 0pt 25pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; color: #0E0E0E; margin: 0pt 25pt">For more information, please visit <B>www.IQSTEL.com</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; color: #0E0E0E; margin: 0pt 25pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; color: #0E0E0E; margin: 0pt 25pt"><B>Investor Relations Contact:</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; color: #0E0E0E; margin: 0pt 25pt">IQSTEL Inc.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; color: #0E0E0E; margin: 0pt 25pt">300 Aragon Avenue, Suite 375, Coral Gables, FL 33134</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; color: #0E0E0E; margin: 0pt 25pt">Email: investors@IQSTEL.com</P>

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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>iqst-20250515_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL PRESENTATION FILE
<TEXT>
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<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>7
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<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>May 15, 2025</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">May 15,  2025<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">000-55984<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">iQSTEL Inc.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001527702<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">45-2808620<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">NV<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">300 Aragon Avenue<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2', window );">Entity Address, Address Line Two</a></td>
<td class="text">Suite 375<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Coral Gables<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">FL<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">33134<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">(954)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">951-8191<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period. The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 2 such as Street or Suite number</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14a<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
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