<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001654954-20-000739.txt : 20200124
<SEC-HEADER>0001654954-20-000739.hdr.sgml : 20200124
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20200124170622
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001654954-20-000739
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	S-3
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		6
FILED AS OF DATE:		20200124
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20200124

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			WILLAMETTE VALLEY VINEYARDS INC
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000838875
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	BEVERAGES [2080]
		IRS NUMBER:				930981021
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			OR
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		S-3
		SEC ACT:		1933 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	333-236080
		FILM NUMBER:		20546271

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		8800 ENCHANTED WAY S E
		CITY:			TURNER
		STATE:			OR
		ZIP:			97392
		BUSINESS PHONE:		5035889463

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		8800 ENCHANTED WAY SE
		CITY:			TURNER
		STATE:			OR
		ZIP:			97392
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>S-3
<SEQUENCE>1
<FILENAME>wvvi_s3-17869.htm
<DESCRIPTION>WILLAMETTE VALLEY VINEYARDS, INC. S-3
<TEXT>
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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 24,
2020</font></div>
<div style="text-align: right"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">SEC File No.
333-</font> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10"><br></font></div>
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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</font></div>
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<font style="font-weight: bold; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Washington, D.C. 20549</font></div>
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<font style="font-weight: bold; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
________________</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
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<font style="font-weight: bold; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px">
<font style="font-size: 24px">Form&#xA0;S-3</font></font></div>
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<font style="font-weight: bold; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF
1933</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
________________</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 27px">Willamette Valley Vineyards,
Inc.</font></font></div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="text-align: center; width: 80%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px auto;">
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<font style="font-weight: bold; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Oregon</font></div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-style: italic; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or
organization)</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 34%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 33%;">
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
93-0981021</font></div>
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<font style="color: #000000; font-style: italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
(I.R.S. EmployerIdentification No.)</font></div>
</td>
</tr></table>
</div>
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<font style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
</font></div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
8800 Enchanted Way SE</font></div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Turner, Oregon 97392</font></div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
(503) 588-9463</font></div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-style: italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area
code, of registrant&#x2019;s principal executive
offices)</font></div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
________________</font></div>
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<font style="font-weight: bold; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
</font></div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
James W. Bernau</font></div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
President and Chief Executive Officer</font></div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
8800 Enchanted Way SE</font></div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font><font style="font-weight: bold; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Turner,
Oregon 97392</font></div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font><font style="font-weight: bold; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">(503)
588-9463</font></div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font>
<font style="color: #000000; font-style: italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including
area code, of agent for service)</font></div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
________________</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Copies of all communications, including communications sent to
agent for service, should be sent to:</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div>
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<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 33%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 34%">
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Marcus J. Williams</font></div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Davis Wright Tremaine LLP</font></div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
1300 SW Fifth Avenue</font></div>
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<font style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Suite 2400</font></div>
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<font style="font-weight: bold; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Portland, Oregon 97201</font></div>
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<font style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Tel. (503) 241-2300</font></div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Fax (503) 778-5299</font></div>
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<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
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</div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 48px; margin-right: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><font style="font-weight: bold; color: #000000">Approximate date of
commencement of proposed sale to the public:</font> <font style="color: #000000">As soon as practicable after the effective date of
this Registration Statement.</font></font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 48px; margin-right: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">If the
only securities being registered on this form are being offered
pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check
the following box. <font style="color: #000000">&#x2610;</font></font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 48px; margin-right: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><font style="font-size: 13px">If any of the securities being registered on this
Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to
Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the
&#x201C;Securities Act&#x201D;), other than securities offered only
in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please
check the following box.</font> <font style="color: #000000; font-size: 13px">&#x2612;</font></font><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 48px; margin-right: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 48px; margin-right: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><font style="font-size: 13px">If this form is filed to register additional
securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the
Securities Act, please check the following box and list the
Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier
effective registration statement for the same offering.</font>
<font style="color: #000000; font-size: 13px">&#x2610;</font></font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 48px; margin-right: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 48px; margin-right: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><font style="font-size: 13px">If this form is a post-effective amendment filed
pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the
following box and list the Securities Act registration statement
number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same
offering.</font> <font style="color: #000000; font-size: 13px">&#x2610;</font></font><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 48px; margin-right: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><font style="font-size: 13px">If this form is a registration statement pursuant
to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto
that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission
pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, please check the
following box.</font> <font style="color: #000000; font-size: 13px">&#x2610;</font></font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
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<div style="text-align: left; width: 100%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: right; width: 100%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">If this
form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement
filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register
additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant
to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box.
<font style="color: #000000">&#x2610;</font></font><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px;">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer,
an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller
reporting company. See the definitions of &#x201C;large accelerated
filer,&#x201D; &#x201C;accelerated filer,&#x201D; &#x201C;smaller
reporting company&#x201D; and &#x201C;emerging growth company&#x201D;
in Rule&#xA0;12-b2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 48px;">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="text-align: left; width: 70%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px auto 0px 0px;">
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<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><font style="color: #000000">
Large accelerated filer</font> <font style="color: #000000">&#x2610;</font></font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 50%;">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><font style="color: #000000">
Accelerated filer</font> <font style="color: #000000">&#x2610;</font></font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; width: 50%;">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><font style="color: #000000">
&#xA0;</font> <font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman">&#xA0;</font></font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 50%;">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><font style="color: #000000">
&#xA0;</font> <font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman">&#xA0;</font></font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; width: 50%;">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><font style="color: #000000">
Non-accelerated filer</font> <font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman">&#x2327;</font></font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 50%;">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><font style="color: #000000">
Smaller reporting company</font> <font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman">&#x2327;</font></font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; width: 50%;">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><font style="color: #000000">
&#xA0;</font> <font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman">&#xA0;</font></font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 50%;">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><font style="color: #000000">
&#xA0;</font> <font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman">&#xA0;</font></font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 50%;">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 50%;">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><font style="color: #000000">
Emerging growth company</font> <font style="color: #000000">&#x2610;</font></font></div>
</td>
</tr></table>
</div>
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10"><br></font>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 48px; margin-right: 0px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><font style="color: #000000">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check
mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended
transition period for complying with any new or revised financial
accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the
Exchange Act.</font> <font style="color: #000000">&#x2610;</font></font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
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CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE</font></div>
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<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Title
of each class to be registered</font></div>
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<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Amount
to be registered (1)</font></div>
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<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Proposed
maximum offering price per share (2)</font></div>
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<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Proposed
maximum aggregate offering price (3)</font></div>
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<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Amount
of registration fee (4)</font></div>
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<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Common
Stock</font></div>
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<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Preferred
Stock</font></div>
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<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Senior
Debt Securities</font></div>
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<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Subordinated
Debt Securities</font></div>
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<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Units</font></div>
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<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Warrants</font></div>
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<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Rights</font></div>
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<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Total</font></div>
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<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">$20,000,000</font></div>
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<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">$2,596</font></div>
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<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">(1)</font></div>
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<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">This
registration statement registers such indeterminate number of
shares of common stock and preferred stock, such indeterminate
principal amount of senior debt securities and subordinated debt
securities, such indeterminate number of warrants to purchase
common stock, preferred stock and/or debt securities of one or more
series, such indeterminate number of rights to purchase common
stock, preferred stock and/or debt securities of one or more
series, and such indeterminate number of units representing an
interest in one or more shares of common stock or preferred stock,
debt securities, warrants and/or rights in any combination as shall
have an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $20,000,000.
The registrant will limit its issuance of securities in any twelve
month calendar period to an aggregate market value (determined as
of the time of issuance of that security) in excess of one-third of
the aggregate market value of all voting and non-voting common
equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant in compliance with
General Instruction I.B.6 of Form S-3. Any securities registered
hereunder may be sold separately or as units with other securities
registered hereunder.</font></div>
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<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">(2)</font></div>
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<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">The
proposed maximum initial offering price per unit will be determined
by the registrant, from time to time, in connection with the
issuance by the registrant of the securities registered hereunder.
The securities registered also include such indeterminate amounts
and numbers of shares of common stock and preferred stock and debt
securities as may be issued upon conversion of, or exchange for,
preferred stock or debt securities that provide for conversion or
exchange, upon exercise of warrants or rights or pursuant to the
antidilution provisions of such securities. In addition, pursuant
to Rule 416 under the Securities Act, the shares being registered
hereunder include such indeterminate number of shares of common
stock and preferred stock as may be issuable with respect to the
shares being registered hereunder as a result of stock splits,
stock dividends or similar transactions.</font></div>
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<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">(3)</font></div>
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<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">The
proposed maximum aggregate offering price per class of security
will be determined from time to time by the registrant in
connection with the issuance by the registrant of the securities
registered hereunder and is not specified as to each class of
security pursuant to General Instruction II.D of Form S-3 under the
Securities Act.</font></div>
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<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">(4)</font></div>
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<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Calculated
in accordance with Rule&#xA0;457(o) under the Securities
Act.</font></div>
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The Registrant hereby amends the Registration Statement on such
date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until
the Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in
accordance with Section&#xA0;8(a) of the Act or until the
Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the
Commission, acting pursuant to Section&#xA0;8(a), may
determine.</font></div>
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<font style="font-weight: bold; color: #DE1A1E; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
</font></div>
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<font style="font-weight: bold; color: #DE1A1E; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be
changed.&#xA0;We may not sell these securities pursuant to this
prospectus until the registration statement filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission is effective.&#xA0;This
prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and we are not
soliciting offers to buy these securities in any state where the
offer or sale is not permitted.</font></div>
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<font style="color: #DE1A1E; font-weight: bold; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED January 24, 2020</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="text-decoration: underline; color: #000000; font-weight: bold; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
&#xA0;PROSPECTUS</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: center"><img src="wvvi-logo.jpg"></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 24px">
Willamette Valley Vineyards, Inc.</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
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<font style="font-weight: bold; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px">
$20,000,000</font></div>
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<font style="font-weight: bold; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Common Stock</font></div>
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<font style="font-weight: bold; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Preferred Stock</font></div>
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<font style="font-weight: bold; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Senior Debt Securities</font></div>
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<font style="font-weight: bold; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Subordinated Debt Securities</font></div>
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<font style="font-weight: bold; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Warrants</font></div>
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<font style="font-weight: bold; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Rights</font></div>
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<font style="font-weight: bold; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Units</font></div>
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<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">We may
offer and sell, from time to time, any combination of debt and
equity securities that we describe in this prospectus having an
aggregate initial offering price not exceeding $20,000,000. We will
provide the specific terms of these securities in one or more
supplements to this prospectus. You should read this prospectus and
the applicable prospectus supplements carefully, including the
information incorporated by reference herein and therein, before
you invest in the securities described in such prospectus
supplement. This prospectus may not be used to consummate sales of
securities unless it is accompanied by a prospectus
supplement.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Our
common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the
symbol &#x201C;WVVI&#x201D;. On January 23, 2020, the last reported
sales price of our common stock as reported on the Nasdaq Capital
Market was $6.80 per share. Our Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock
is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol
&#x201C;WVVIP&#x201D;. On January 23, 2020, the last reported sales
price of our Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock as reported on the
Nasdaq Capital Market was $4.79 per share. We are a smaller
reporting company and as such are entitled to certain reduced
public company reporting requirements.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Investing
in our securities involves risks; for more information please see
&#x201C;Risk Factors&#x201D; beginning on page 4 of this prospectus,
and the risk factors incorporated herein from time to time by
reference from our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and our
most recent Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Neither
the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities
commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or
determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any
representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.</font></div>
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<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
The date of this prospectus is January 24, 2020.</font></div>
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<font style="font-weight: bold; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
TABLE OF CONTENTS</font></div>
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<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
<br>
<div style="text-align: left">
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<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 90%;">
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</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%;">
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<font style="font-weight: bold; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
PAGE</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 90%;">
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<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
About This Prospectus</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%;">
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<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
1</font></div>
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<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 90%;">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Where You Can Find More Information</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%;">
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<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
1</font></div>
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<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
&#xA0;</font></div>
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<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Incorporation Of Certain Documents By Reference</font></div>
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<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%;">
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<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
2</font></div>
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<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%;">
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3</font></div>
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Risk Factors</font></div>
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<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%;">
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4</font></div>
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<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
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<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Use Of Proceeds</font></div>
</td>
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<div style="text-align: right; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
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4</font></div>
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<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Dividend Policy</font></div>
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4</font></div>
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<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Redemption of Preferred Stock</font></div>
</td>
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4</font></div>
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<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Description of Capital Stock</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%;">
<div style="text-align: right; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
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5</font></div>
</td>
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<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 90%;">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
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&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 90%;">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Plan of Distribution</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%;">
<div style="text-align: right; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
23</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 90%;">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
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<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 90%;">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Legal Matters</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%;">
<div style="text-align: right; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
26</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 90%;">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%;">
<div style="text-align: right; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 90%;">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Experts</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%;">
<div style="text-align: right; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
26</font></div>
</td>
</tr></table>
</div>
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<div id="pgbrk" style="width: 100%; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; margin-right: 0px">
<div id="ftr">
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<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<br></div>
<div id="pn" style="text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">i</font></div>
</div>
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<div id="hdr">
<div style="text-align: left; width: 100%; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
<a name="_Toc30593829"><!--anchor--></a>ABOUT
THIS PROSPECTUS</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">This
prospectus is a part of a registration statement that we filed with
the Securities and Exchange Commission (&#x201C;SEC&#x201D;) using a
&#x201C;shelf&#x201D; registration process. Under this shelf
registration statement, we may sell, either separately or together,
common stock, preferred stock, senior debt securities, subordinated
debt securities, warrants, rights or units in one or more
offerings. We may use the shelf registration statement to sell, in
one or more offerings, up to $20,000,000 of any securities
registered, in any combination in an offering amount. This
prospectus only provides you with a general description of the
securities we may offer. Each time we sell securities, we will
provide a supplement to this prospectus that contains specific
information about the terms of the securities and the offering. A
prospectus supplement may include a discussion of any risk factors
or other special considerations applicable to those securities or
to us. The supplement also may add, update or change information
contained in this prospectus. If there is any inconsistency between
the information in this prospectus and the applicable prospectus
supplement, you should rely on the information in the prospectus
supplement.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">You
should read this prospectus, any prospectus supplement, any
documents that we incorporate by reference in this prospectus and
in any prospectus supplement, and the additional information
described below under &#x201C;Where You Can Find More
Information&#x201D; and &#x201C;Incorporation of Certain Documents by
Reference&#x201D; before making an investment decision. You should
rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference
in this prospectus and any prospectus supplement. We have not
authorized any other person to provide you with different
information. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent
information, you should not rely on it. This prospectus is not an
offer to sell securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy
securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not
permitted.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">You
should not assume that the information in this prospectus, any
prospectus supplement or any documents we incorporate by reference
herein or therein is accurate as of any date other than the date on
the front of those documents. Our business, financial condition,
results of operations and prospects may have changed since those
dates.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">The
registration statement containing this prospectus, including
exhibits to the registration statement, provides additional
information about us and the securities offered under this
prospectus. That registration statement can be read at the SEC
website or at the SEC office mentioned under the heading
&#x201C;Where You Can Find More Information&#x201D;
below.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">We may
sell securities to underwriters who will sell the securities to the
public on terms fixed at the time of sale. In addition, the
securities may be sold by us directly or through dealers or agents
designated from time to time. If we, directly or through agents,
solicit offers to purchase the securities, we reserve the sole
right to accept and, together with any agents, to reject, in whole
or in part, any of those offers.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Any
prospectus supplement will contain the names of the underwriters,
dealers or agents, if any, together with the terms of offering, the
compensation of those underwriters and the net proceeds to us. Any
underwriters, dealers or agents participating in the offering may
be deemed &#x201C;underwriters&#x201D; within the meaning of the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#x201C;Securities
Act&#x201D;).</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Unless
the context requires otherwise, references to &#x201C;Willamette
Valley Vineyards,&#x201D; the &#x201C;Company,&#x201D;
&#x201C;we,&#x201D; &#x201C;our,&#x201D; &#x201C;ours&#x201D; and
&#x201C;us&#x201D; are to Willamette Valley Vineyards, Inc. and its
subsidiaries.</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
<a name="_Toc30593830"><!--anchor--></a>WHERE YOU
CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">We are
subject to the information requirements of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. In accordance with
the Exchange Act, we file reports, proxy statements and other
information with the SEC. Such reports, proxy statements and other
information filed by us are available to the public free of charge
at www.sec.gov. Copies of certain information filed by us with the
SEC are also available on our website at www.wvv.com. You may also
read and copy any document we file with the SEC, including the
registration statement on Form S-3 of which this prospectus forms a
part, and the exhibits thereto, at the public reference facilities
maintained by the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C.
20549. You may obtain information on the operation of the public
reference facilities by calling the SEC at
1-800-SEC-0330.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div id="pgbrk" style="width: 100%; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; margin-right: 0px">
<div id="ftr">
<div style="text-align: left; width: 100%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div id="pn" style="text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">1</font></div>
</div>
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<div id="hdr">
<div style="text-align: right; width: 100%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">This
prospectus omits some information contained in the registration
statement of which this prospectus forms a part in accordance with
SEC rules and regulations. You should review the information and
exhibits in the registration statement for further information
about us and the securities we are offering. Statements in this
prospectus concerning any document we filed as an exhibit to the
registration statement or that we otherwise filed with the SEC are
not intended to be comprehensive and are qualified by reference to
these filings. You should review the complete document to evaluate
these statements.</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
<a name="_Toc30593831">
<!--anchor--></a>INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN DOCUMENTS BY
REFERENCE</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">SEC
rules allow us to &#x201C;incorporate by reference&#x201D; into this
prospectus much of the information we file with the SEC, which
means that we can disclose important information to you by
referring you to those publicly available documents. The
information that we incorporate by reference into this prospectus
is considered to be part of this prospectus. This prospectus
incorporates by reference the documents listed below and any future
filings we make with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 and
15(d) of the Exchange Act (in each case, other than those documents
or the portions of those documents deemed to be furnished and not
filed in accordance with SEC rules) after the date of the initial
registration statement and prior to effectiveness of the
registration statement and after the date of this prospectus but
before the termination of the offering of the securities
hereunder:</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">our Annual Report
on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, filed
with the SEC on March 21, 2019;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">our Quarterly
Reports on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended (i) March 31,
2019, filed with the SEC on May 14, 2019; (ii) June 30, 2019, filed
with the SEC on August 14, 2019; and (iii) September 30, 2019,
filed with the SEC on November 13, 2019;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">our Proxy Statement
on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on May 23, 2019;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">our Current Reports
on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 17, 2019, July 18, 2019,
September 12, 2019, September 16, 2019, and November 7, 2019;
and</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">the description of
our Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock contained in our Form
8-A12B filed with the SEC on October 28, 2015, as supplemented by
the &#x201C;Description of Capital Stock&#x201D; included in this
prospectus and including any amendments or reports filed for the
purpose of updating such description.</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Because
we are incorporating by reference future filings with the SEC, this
prospectus is continually updated and later information filed with
the SEC may update and supersede some of the information included
or incorporated by reference in this prospectus. This means that
you must look at all of the SEC filings that we incorporate by
reference to determine if any of the statements in this prospectus
or in any document previously incorporated by reference have been
modified or superseded.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;We will
provide without charge to each person, including any beneficial
owners, to whom this prospectus is delivered, upon his or her
written or oral request, a copy of any or all documents referred to
above which have been or may be incorporated by reference into this
prospectus but not delivered with this prospectus, excluding
exhibits to those documents unless they are specifically
incorporated by reference into those documents. You may request a
copy of these documents by writing or telephoning us at the
following address:</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Willamette Valley Vineyards, Inc.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
8800 Enchanted Way SE</font></div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Turner, Oregon 97392</font></div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
(503) 588-9463</font></div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Attention: Investor Relations (info@wvv.com)</font></div>
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<a name="_Toc30593832">
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<font style="font-weight: bold; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">This
prospectus contains &#x201C;forward-looking statements&#x201D; that
represent our beliefs, expectations, projections and predictions
about future events. These statements are necessarily subjective
and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other
important factors that could cause our actual results, performance
or achievements, or industry results, to differ materially from any
future results, performance or achievement described in or implied
by such statements. Actual results may differ materially from the
expected results described in our forward-looking statements,
including with respect to the correct measurement and
identification of factors affecting our business or the extent of
their likely impact, the accuracy and completeness of publicly
available information relating to the factors upon which our
business strategy is based or the success of our
business.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">In some
cases, forward-looking statements can be identified by terms such
as &#x201C;anticipates,&#x201D; &#x201C;believes,&#x201D;
&#x201C;continue,&#x201D; &#x201C;could,&#x201D;
&#x201C;estimates,&#x201D; &#x201C;expects,&#x201D;
&#x201C;intends,&#x201D; &#x201C;may,&#x201D; &#x201C;plans,&#x201D;
&#x201C;potential,&#x201D; &#x201C;predicts,&#x201D;
&#x201C;projects,&#x201D; &#x201C;should&#x201D; or &#x201C;will&#x201D;
or the negative thereof, variations thereof and similar
expressions. Such statements are based on management&#x2019;s
current expectations and are subject to risks and uncertainties
which may cause actual results to differ materially from those set
forth in the forward-looking statements. There can be no assurance
that such expectations or any of the forward-looking statements
will prove to be correct, and actual results could differ
materially from those projected or assumed in the forward-looking
statements. We urge you to carefully review the disclosures we make
concerning risks and other factors that may affect our business and
operating results, including those made in the section of this
Prospectus entitled &#x201C;Risk Factors,&#x201D; and in &#x201C;Item
1A. Risk Factors&#x201D; in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the
year ended December 31, 2018, as such risk factors may be updated
in subsequent SEC filings, as well as our other reports filed with
the SEC and in any prospectus supplement. We caution you not to
place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak
only as of the date of this prospectus or any prospectus
supplement. We do not intend, and we undertake no obligation, to
update any forward-looking information to reflect events or
circumstances after the date of this prospectus or any prospectus
supplement or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events,
unless required by law to do so.</font></div>
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<font style="font-weight: bold; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
<a name="_Toc30593833"><!--anchor--></a>RISK
FACTORS</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">You
should carefully consider the risks under the heading &#x201C;Risk
Factors&#x201D; beginning on page 14 of our Annual Report on Form
10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the
SEC on March 21, 2019, which information is incorporated by
reference in this prospectus, as supplemented and updated by
subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on
Form 8-K that we have filed or will file with the SEC and the
additional risks and other information in this prospectus, any
prospectus supplement and the documents incorporated by reference
herein and therein before deciding to invest in our securities. If
any of the identified risks actually occur, they could materially
adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating
results or prospects and the trading price of our securities.
Additional risks and uncertainties that we do not presently know or
that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business,
financial condition, operating results and prospects and the
trading price of our securities.</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
<a name="_Toc30593834"><!--anchor--></a>USE OF
PROCEEDS</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">We
intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of any of our
securities for general corporate purposes, unless we state
otherwise in a prospectus supplement. We may temporarily invest
funds that we do not immediately use in short- and medium-term
marketable securities.</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
<a name="_Toc30593835"><!--anchor--></a>DIVIDEND
POLICY</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Our
Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock is entitled to cumulative
dividends accruing annually each year, at a rate of $0.22 per share
per annum, beginning on the first calendar day of the quarter
following the applicable offering period for such shares, payable
out of funds legally available therefor, when and as approved by
our board of directors. Dividends will accrue at a rate of 5.3% per
annum based on an established original issue price of such shares,
which is equal to $4.15 per share regardless of the price actually
received by the Company upon original issuance of the shares, and
regardless of the price paid in the aftermarket, if any. Dividends
accrued but not paid will not bear interest or dividends but will
be added to the liquidation preference of the Series A Redeemable
Preferred Stock until declared and paid. The payment of dividends
will depend upon a number of factors, including our liquidity,
financial condition and results of operations, strategic growth
plans, tax considerations, statutory and regulatory limitations and
general economic conditions. For the foregoing reasons, there can
be no assurance that we will pay any dividends in any future
period. Accrued but unpaid dividends, whether or not declared, will
be added to the liquidation preference until paid, but will not
bear additional dividends or earn interest or similar
returns.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">We have
never paid dividends on our common stock and we have no expectation
to pay such dividends in the foreseeable future. We are not
permitted to declare or pay dividends on our common stock unless
and until we have paid all accrued but unpaid dividends, and any
redemption premium, owing on our Series A Redeemable Preferred
Stock.</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
<a name="_Toc30593836">
<!--anchor--></a><font style="color: #000000">REDEMPTION OF
PREFERRED STOCK</font></font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Under
certain circumstances, the Company is entitled to redeem all, but
not less than all, of the Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock then
outstanding. Any such redemption may occur at any time after June
1, 2021. If a redemption occurs, we will notify shareholders of
record of the redemption (including the redemption date)
electronically or by mail not less than thirty (30) days prior to
the record date for such redemption. As of the record date, shares
of Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock will be ineligible for
future transfers and will represent only the right to receive, upon
tender of the shares, an amount in cash equal to the original issue
price of $4.15 per share, together with (i) all theretofore accrued
but unpaid dividends; and (ii) a redemption premium amounting to 3%
of the original issue price. The redemption premium also will be
payable upon the occurrence of any liquidation event that occurs
during the redemption period. The Series A Redeemable Preferred
Stock will not earn dividends after the record date for redemption.
As with other financial rights of the Series A Redeemable Preferred
Stock, the redemption price is equal to the original issue price,
$4.15 per share, regardless of the actual purchase price or the
amount paid.</font></div>
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<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10"><br>
</font></div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
<a name="_Toc30593837">
<!--anchor--></a><font style="color: #000000">DESCRIPTION OF
CAPITAL STOCK</font></font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-variant: small-caps; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Capital Stock Currently Outstanding</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">We are
authorized under our articles of incorporation, as amended, to
issue up to 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, in one or more
series as designated from time to time by our board of directors,
and up to 10,000,000 shares of common stock. As of January 24, 2020
there were 4,964,529 shares of our common stock outstanding, and
4,662,768 shares of Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock
outstanding.</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Dividends</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Holders
of the Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock are entitled to receive,
when, as and if declared by the board of directors, out of funds
legally available for the payment of dividends, cumulative cash
dividends at the rate of 5.3% per annum of the original issue price
of such shares, which is $4.15 per share as described above.
Dividends are thus $0.22 per share. Dividends on the Series A
Redeemable Preferred Stock accrue daily and are cumulative
beginning on the first calendar day of the quarter following the
applicable offering period for such shares until the record date
for redemption on the basis of such price. Accumulated dividends on
our Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock will not bear interest or
further dividends, and holders of our Series A Redeemable Preferred
Stock will not, except in the case of the Company&#x2019;s optional
redemption of the Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock, be entitled
to any dividends in excess of full cumulative
dividends.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;Our board of
directors will not authorize and we will not declare, pay or set
apart funds for the payment of any dividend or other distribution
with respect to any junior shares (defined below) (other than in
shares of junior shares) unless all cumulative dividends with
respect to our Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock have been paid
or funds have been set apart for payment of such
dividends.</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Optional Redemption</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;We may redeem
all, but not less than all, of the Series A Redeemable Preferred
Stock on or after June 1, 2021, at a redemption price equal to the
original issue price of such shares ($4.15 per share regardless of
the price paid for such shares), plus all accrued and unpaid
dividends (whether or not earned or declared) to the redemption
date, plus a redemption premium equal to 3% of the liquidation
preference for the Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock. A
redemption in connection with a liquidation event (such as a
merger, sale of all or substantially all of the Company&#x2019;s
assets, or similar reorganization) would result in the payment of
the redemption premium in addition to theretofore accrued but
unpaid dividends.</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Ranking</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">The
Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock ranks: (i) senior to the common
stock and any other shares of stock that we may issue in the
future, the terms of which specifically provide that such stock
ranks junior to the Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock, in each
case with respect to payment of dividends and amounts upon
liquidation, dissolution or winding up (&#x201C;junior
shares&#x201D;); (ii) equal to any shares of stock that we may issue
in the future, the terms of which specifically provide that such
stock ranks on parity with the Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock,
in each case with respect to payment of dividends and amounts upon
liquidation, dissolution or winding up (&#x201C;parity
shares&#x201D;); (iii) junior to all other shares of stock issued by
us, the terms of which specifically provide that such stock ranks
senior to the Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock, in each case
with respect to payment of dividends and amounts upon liquidation,
dissolution or winding up (&#x201C;senior shares&#x201D;); and (iv)
junior to all our existing and future indebtedness.</font></div>
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</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font>
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10"><br>
</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Liquidation Preference</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">If we
merge, consolidate, sell all or substantially all of our assets,
reorganize (with certain exceptions for recapitalizations and
similar events that do not affect the relative rights of the
holders of our capital stock), or effect any other business
combination, the effects of which include the liquidation or
termination of the Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock, then the
holders of the Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock will have the
right to receive the original issue price per share, plus all
accrued and unpaid dividends (whether or not earned or declared)
to, but excluding, the date of payment, before any payments are
made to the holders of the common stock and any other junior shares
that may then exist. In addition, if the liquidation occurs during
the redemption period, the holders of the Series A Redeemable
Preferred Stock would receive a redemption premium equal to 3% of
the original issue price of $4.15 per share. The rights of the
holders of the Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock to receive the
liquidation preference are subject to the proportionate rights of
holders of each other future series or class of parity shares and
subordinate to the rights of senior shares.</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Voting Rights</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Without
the approval of the holders of a majority of the shares of Series A
Redeemable Preferred Stock, voting separately as a single class, we
may not pay any dividend or establish or maintain any sinking fund
on any common stock or any class of preferred stock that is
<font style="font-style: italic">pari passu</font> with or junior
to the Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock unless the Company has
paid all accrued but unpaid dividends and any redemption premium
owing on our Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock. Other than the
voting right described in the preceding sentence, holders of the
Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock generally do not have any
voting rights, except as otherwise required by the Oregon Business
Corporation Act.</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
No Maturity</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">The
Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock does not have any stated
maturity and is not subject to any sinking fund or mandatory
redemption. Accordingly, the shares of the Series A Redeemable
Preferred Stock will remain outstanding indefinitely unless we
decide to redeem them.</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
No Conversion</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">The
Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock is not, pursuant to its terms,
convertible into or exchangeable for any other securities or
property.</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Special Benefits for Holders of Series A Redeemable Preferred
Stock</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">The
Company has offered the following additional benefits to each
holder of Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock, and management
expects to continue to offer such benefits in the
future:</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">priority wine
allocations and facilities access;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">a 25% discount on
wine purchases made directly from the winery;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">priority access to
winery suite reservations;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">reports on winery
developments seeking shareholder feedback and
involvement;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">priority access to
appointment only vineyard tasting experiences; and</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">certain other items
of nominal value.</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;The value of
these benefits, if any, is indeterminable and is not associated
with the number of shares of Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock
one owns. Similarly, these rights may not be transferred separately
from our Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock (although a transfer
of fewer than all of an investor&#x2019;s preferred shares will
allow both the transferor and the transferee to participate in such
intangible rights). We have not attempted to establish a value for
these benefits, and we do not consider them material to the
determination of the price or value of our Series A Redeemable
Preferred Stock.</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
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<div id="ftr">
<div style="text-align: left; width: 100%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div id="pn" style="text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">6</font></div>
</div>
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<div id="hdr">
<div style="text-align: right; width: 100%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Common Stock</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic">Voting
Rights</font></font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Holders
of the common stock are entitled to one vote for each share of
common stock held of record on the applicable record date on all
matters submitted to a vote of shareholders. A corporate action
voted on by shareholders generally is approved, provided a quorum
is present, if the votes cast within the voting group favoring the
action exceed the votes cast opposing the action. Holders of the
common stock are not entitled to cumulate their votes in the
election of directors.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic">Dividend
Rights</font></font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Holders
of the common stock are entitled to receive ratably such dividends,
if any, as may be declared from time to time by the Board of
Directors out of funds legally available for that purpose, subject
to any preferential dividend rights or other preferences granted to
the holders of any of the then-outstanding shares of preferred
stock.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic">Rights Upon
Liquidation</font></font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">In the
event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, whether
voluntary or involuntary, the holders of the common stock are
entitled to share ratably in all remaining assets available for
distribution to shareholders after payment of, or provision for,
our liabilities, subject to prior distribution rights of shares of
the preferred stock, if any, then outstanding.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic">Preemptive
Rights</font></font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Holders
of the common stock do not have any preemptive rights to purchase,
subscribe for or otherwise acquire any unissued or treasury shares
or other of our securities.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic">Transfer Agent and
Registrar</font></font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">The
Transfer Agent and Registrar for our common stock and our Series A
Redeemable Preferred Stock is OTR, Inc. Its address is 1001 SW
Fifth Avenue, Suite 1550, Portland, Oregon 97201, and its telephone
number is (503) 225-0375.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Nasdaq Listing</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">The
Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital
Market under the symbol &#x201C;WVVIP.&#x201D; As of January 24,
2020, there were 10,000,000 shares of Series A Redeemable Preferred
Stock authorized, of which 4,662,768 shares were outstanding, and
5,337,235 shares remained unissued. These shares are listed for
trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market; however, as of January 24,
2020, trading of these shares has been limited, and there is
therefore no established trading market for these securities. We
cannot offer assurances that any such market will ever develop.
Moreover, although these shares are listed on the Nasdaq Capital
Market, the public float, number of shares and market
capitalization of this class of securities means that trading is
and will remain relatively limited, and it is unlikely a liquid
market will develop for these shares.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Our
common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the
symbol &#x201C;WVVI.&#x201D; Shares of our Series A Redeemable
Preferred Stock are not convertible into or exchangeable for shares
of our common stock, now or at any time in the future.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic">Anti-Takeover Effects of
our Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws and of Oregon
Law</font></font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Our
Articles of Incorporation and the Oregon Business Corporation Act
(the &#x201C;Act&#x201D;), contain provisions that may have the
effect of discouraging, delaying or preventing a change in control
or an unsolicited acquisition proposal that a shareholder might
consider favorable, including a proposal that might result in the
payment of a premium over the market price for the shares held by
our shareholders. Certain of these provisions are summarized in the
following paragraphs.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
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<div id="ftr">
<div style="text-align: left; width: 100%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div id="pn" style="text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">7</font></div>
</div>
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<div id="hdr">
<div style="text-align: right; width: 100%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic">Authorized but Unissued
Shares of Common Stock and Preferred Stock</font></font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">We are
authorized under our articles of incorporation, as amended, to
issue up to 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, less the number
of shares of Series A Preferred Stock previously sold, in one or
more series as designated from time to time by our board of
directors. These issuances require the approval of a majority of
our outside directors. As of January 24, 2020, we also are
authorized to issue up to an additional 5,035,471 shares of common
stock, for a total of 10,000,000 shares of common stock. The Oregon
Business Corporation Act provides that certain significant
transactions, including mergers, sales of all or substantially all
of the assets, and similar transactions, receive the affirmative
vote of the holders of a majority of the shares of each class of
capital stock.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Cumulative Voting</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">No
cumulative voting for directors is permitted.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic">Increase in the Number of
Directors</font></font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">The
number of directors of the corporation shall be a minimum of two
(2) and a maximum of eleven (11) as determined from time to time by
the Board of Directors. The number of directors may be increased or
decreased from time to time by amendment of the Bylaws, but no
decrease shall have the effect of shortening the term of any
incumbent director.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic">Staggered Board of
Directors; Removal of Directors</font></font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">We have
a staggered Board of Directors. The Board of Directors is divided
into three groups with each director holding office until the date
of the third annual meeting following the annual meeting at which
such director was elected, and until her or his successors has been
elected and qualified. All or any number of the directors may be
removed, for cause, at a meeting expressly called for that purpose
by a vote of the holders of the majority of the shares then
entitled to vote at an election of directors or group of
directors.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Advance Notice Requirements for Shareholder Proposals and Director
Nominations</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">To be
timely, a shareholder&#x2019;s notice relating to the annual meeting
shall be delivered to our Secretary at our principal executive
offices not less than 90 nor more than 120 days prior to the first
anniversary of the date on which we first mailed our proxy
materials for the preceding year&#x2019;s annual meeting of
shareholders. However, if the date of the annual meeting is
advanced by more than 30 days prior to or delayed by more than 30
days after the anniversary of the preceding year&#x2019;s annual
meeting, then notice by the shareholder to be timely must be
delivered to our Secretary at our principal executive offices not
later than the close of business on the later of (i) the 90th day
prior to such annual meeting or (ii) the 15th day following the day
on which public announcement of the date of such meeting is first
made.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Special
meetings of the shareholders may be called by the President or by
the Board of Directors and shall be called by the President (or in
the event of absence, incapacity, or refusal of the President, by
the Secretary or any other officer) at the request of the holders
of not less than one-half of all the outstanding shares of the
Company&#x2019;s common stock entitled to vote at the meeting. The
Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock has no voting rights except as
required by law, therefore the holders of the Series A Redeemable
Preferred Stock have no right to call a special meeting of
shareholders, separately or in the aggregate.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic">Anti-Takeover Effects of
Oregon Law</font></font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Oregon
law contains certain provisions that may have the effect of
delaying, deterring or preventing a change in control of the
Company. ORS 60.801 et seq. imposes certain restrictions upon the
voting of shares acquired in &#x201C;control share
acquisitions&#x201D; and limits a shareholder&#x2019;s ability to
vote in favor of a business combination when that shareholder has
acquired shares of voting stock in excess of a specified percentage
of the voting stock of a public company. ORS 60.825 et seq.
prohibits us, with certain exceptions, from engaging in certain
significant business transactions with an &#x201C;interested
person&#x201D; (including a person who owns 15% or more of the
voting stock of a public company) for a period of three years
following such person&#x2019;s share acquisition date. The
prohibited business combinations include, among others, a merger or
consolidation with, disposition of assets to, or issuance or
redemption of stock to or from, the acquiring person, or otherwise
allowing the acquiring person to receive a disproportionate benefit
as a shareholder. Exceptions to this statutory prohibition include
approval of the transaction at a shareholders meeting by holders of
not less than a two-thirds of the shares held by each voting group
entitled to vote on the transaction, not counting shares as to
which the acquiring person has beneficial ownership or voting
control, transactions approved by the board of directors prior to
the acquiring person first becoming an acquiring person, or, with
respect to a merger, share exchange, consolidation, liquidation or
distribution entered into with the acquiring person, transactions
where certain other requirements regarding the fairness of the
consideration to be received by the shareholders have been met. We
may not exempt ourselves from coverage of this statute. These
statutory provisions may have the effect of delaying, deterring or
preventing a change in control of the Company.</font></div>
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</div>
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</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-variant: small-caps; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Capital Stock Available for Future Issuance</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Preferred Stock</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Our
articles of incorporation authorize our board of directors to issue
from time to time up to 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock,
reduced by the number of shares of Series A Redeemable Preferred
Stock previously sold. Any remaining shares of preferred stock may
be designated and issued in one or more series with the
preferences, limitations and relative rights thereof as may be
fixed from time to time by the board of directors for each series
before the issuance of any shares of that series. In addition,
after the board of directors has established a series of preferred
stock, the board of directors may increase or decrease the number
of shares contained in the series, but not below the number of
shares then issued, or eliminate the series where no shares have
been issued. Actions taken by our board of directors with regard to
the authorization and issuance of preferred stock require the
approval of a majority of our outside directors. Our board of
directors has determined that each of our directors other than Mr.
Bernau and Mr. Ellis is an &#x201C;outside director&#x201D; for
purposes of authorizing any series of preferred stock and setting
forth the preferences, limitations and relative rights
thereto.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">After
giving effect to the designation of the Series A Redeemable
Preferred Stock, our articles of incorporation entitle us to issue
up to 5,337,232 additional shares of preferred stock in one or more
series upon the approval of our board of directors, with the
approval of a majority of our outside directors but without the
approval of the holders of the Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock.
The following outlines the general provisions of the shares of
currently undesignated preferred stock, no par value or
&#x201C;preferred stock,&#x201D; that we may offer from time to time.
The specific terms of a series of preferred stock will be described
in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to that series of
preferred stock. The following description of the preferred stock
and any description of preferred stock in a prospectus supplement
is only a summary and is subject to and qualified in its entirety
by reference to the articles of amendment to our articles of
incorporation, as amended, relating to the particular series of
preferred stock, a copy of which we have filed, or will file, with
the SEC in connection with the sale of any series of preferred
stock.</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic">General</font></font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Under
our amended and restated articles of incorporation, our board of
directors is authorized, without shareholder approval, to adopt
resolutions providing for the issuance of up to 10,000,000 shares
of preferred stock, no par value, in one or more series (reduced by
the total number of shares of Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock
previously issued and sold). As of January 24, 2020, 4,662,768
shares of Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock are issued and
outstanding, and no shares of any other class of our preferred
stock are issued and outstanding.</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Our
board of directors may fix the voting powers, designations,
preferences, rights, qualifications, limitations and restrictions
of each series of preferred stock that we may offer.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">The
prospectus supplement relating to a particular series of preferred
stock will contain a description of the specific terms of that
series, including, as applicable:</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">the title,
designation, number of shares and stated or liquidation value of
the preferred stock;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
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<div id="pn" style="text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">9</font></div>
</div>
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</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font>
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10"><br>
</font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">the dividend amount
or rate or method of calculation, the payment dates for dividends
and the place or places where the dividends will be paid, whether
dividends will be cumulative or noncumulative, and, if cumulative,
the dates from which dividends will begin to accrue;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;any
conversion or exchange rights;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">whether the
preferred stock will be subject to redemption and the redemption
price and other terms and conditions relative to the redemption
rights;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">any liquidation
rights;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">any sinking fund
provisions;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">any voting
rights;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">the exchange or
market, if any, where the preferred stock will be listed or traded;
and</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">any other rights,
preferences, privileges, limitations and restrictions that are not
inconsistent with the terms of the our amended and restated
articles of incorporation.</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Upon
the issuance and payment for shares of preferred stock, the shares
will be fully paid and nonassessable. Except as otherwise may be
specified in the prospectus supplement relating to a particular
series of preferred stock, holders of preferred stock will not have
any preemptive or subscription rights to acquire any class or
series of our capital stock and each series of preferred stock will
rank on a parity in all respects with each other series of our
preferred stock and prior to our common stock as to dividends and
any distribution of our assets.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">The
authorization of the preferred stock could have the effect of
making it more difficult or time consuming for a third party to
acquire a majority of our outstanding voting stock or otherwise
effect a change of control. Shares of the preferred stock may also
be sold to third parties that indicate that they would support the
board of directors in opposing a hostile takeover bid. The
availability of the preferred stock could have the effect of
delaying a change of control and of increasing the consideration
ultimately paid to our shareholders.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">The
board of directors may authorize the issuance of preferred stock
for capital-raising activities, acquisitions, joint ventures or
other corporate purposes that have the effect of making an
acquisition of Willamette Valley Vineyards more difficult or
costly, as could also be the case if the board of directors were to
issue additional common stock for such purposes. See
&#x201C;Description of Capital Stock &#x2013; Anti-Takeover Effects
of our Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws and of Oregon
Law.&#x201D;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Redemption</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">If so
specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, a series of
preferred stock may be redeemable at any time, in whole or in part,
at our option, and may be mandatorily redeemable or convertible.
Restrictions, if any, on the repurchase or redemption by us of any
series of our preferred stock will be described in the applicable
prospectus supplement relating to that series. Generally, any
redemption of our preferred stock will be subject to prior Federal
Reserve approval. Any partial redemption of a series of preferred
stock would be made in the manner described in the applicable
prospectus supplement relating to that series.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Upon
the redemption date of shares of preferred stock called for
redemption or upon our earlier call and deposit of the redemption
price, all rights of holders of the preferred stock called for
redemption will terminate, except for the right to receive the
redemption price.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic">Dividends</font></font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Holders
of each series of preferred stock will be entitled to receive cash
dividends only when, as and if declared by our board of directors
out of funds legally available for dividends. The rates or amounts
and dates of payment of dividends will be described in the
applicable prospectus supplement relating to each series of
preferred stock. Dividends will be payable to holders of record of
preferred stock on the record dates fixed by our board of
directors. Dividends on any series of preferred stock may be
cumulative or noncumulative, as described in the applicable
prospectus supplement.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
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<div id="ftr">
<div style="text-align: left; width: 100%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div id="pn" style="text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">10</font></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: right; width: 100%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Our
board of directors may not declare, pay or set apart funds for
payment of dividends on a particular series of preferred stock
unless full dividends on any other series of preferred stock that
ranks equally with or senior to such series of preferred stock with
respect to the payments of dividends have been paid or sufficient
funds have been set apart for payment for either of the
following:</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">all prior dividend
periods of each such series of preferred stock that pay dividends
on a cumulative basis; or</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">the immediately
preceding dividend period of each such series of preferred stock
that pays dividends on a noncumulative basis.</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Partial
dividends declared on shares of any series of preferred stock and
other series of preferred stock ranking on an equal basis as to
dividends will be declared pro rata. A pro rata declaration means
that the ratio of dividends declared per share to accrued dividends
per share will be the same for all series of preferred stock of
equal priority.</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic">Liquidation
Preference</font></font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">In the
event of the liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of us, holders
of each series of preferred stock will have the right to receive
distributions upon liquidation in the amount described in the
applicable prospectus supplement relating to each series of
preferred stock, plus an amount equal to any accrued but unpaid
dividends. These distributions will be made before any distribution
is made on our common stock or on any securities ranking junior to
such preferred stock upon liquidation, dissolution or
winding-up.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">However, holders of
the shares of preferred stock will not be entitled to receive the
liquidation price of their shares until we have paid or set aside
an amount sufficient to pay in full the liquidation preference of
any class or series of our capital stock ranking senior as to
rights upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up. Unless
otherwise provided in the applicable prospectus supplement, neither
a consolidation or merger of the Company with or into another
corporation nor a merger of another corporation with or into the
Company, nor a sale or transfer of all or part of the
Company&#x2019;s assets for cash or securities will be considered a
liquidation, dissolution or winding up of Willamette Valley
Vineyards.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">If the
liquidation amounts payable to holders of preferred stock of all
series ranking on a parity regarding liquidation are not paid in
full, the holders of the preferred stock of these series will have
the right to a ratable portion of our available assets up to the
full liquidation preference. Holders of these series of preferred
stock or such other securities will not be entitled to any other
amounts from us after they have received their full liquidation
preference.</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic">Conversion and
Exchange</font></font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">The
prospectus supplement will indicate whether and on what terms the
shares of any future series of preferred stock will be convertible
into or exchangeable for shares of any other class, series or
security of Willamette Valley Vineyards or any other corporation or
any other property (including whether the conversion or exchange is
mandatory, at the option of the holder or our option, the period
during which conversion or exchange may occur, the initial
conversion or exchange price or rate and the circumstances or
manner in which the amount of common or preferred stock or other
securities issuable upon conversion or exchange may be adjusted).
It will also indicate for preferred stock convertible into common
stock, the number of shares of common stock to be reserved in
connection with, and issued upon conversion of, the preferred stock
(including whether the conversion or exchange is mandatory, the
initial conversion or exchange price or rate and the circumstances
or manner in which the amount of common stock issuable upon
conversion or exchange may be adjusted) at the option of the holder
or our option and the period during which conversion or exchange
may occur.</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div id="pgbrk" style="width: 100%; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; margin-right: 0px">
<div id="ftr">
<div style="text-align: left; width: 100%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div id="pn" style="text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">11</font></div>
</div>
<div id="pb" style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 6px; page-break-after: always; width: 100%; height: 1px; background-color: #000000">
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<div id="hdr">
<div style="text-align: right; width: 100%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font><br>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Voting Rights</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">The
holders of shares of preferred stock will have no voting rights,
except:</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;as otherwise
stated in the applicable prospectus supplement;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">as otherwise stated
in the applicable certificate of designation or articles of
amendment to our articles of incorporation establishing the series
of such preferred stock; and</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">as otherwise
required by applicable law.</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Transfer Agent and Registrar</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">The
transfer agent, registrar, dividend paying agent and depositary, if
any, for any preferred stock offering will be stated in the
applicable prospectus supplement.</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-variant: small-caps; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Description of Debt Securities</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">This
summary, together with the additional information we include in any
applicable prospectus supplements, summarizes the material terms
and provisions of the debt securities that we may offer under this
prospectus. While the terms we have summarized below will generally
apply to any future debt securities we may offer under this
prospectus, we will describe the particular terms of any debt
securities that we may offer in more detail in the applicable
prospectus supplement. The terms of any debt securities we offer
under a prospectus supplement may differ from the terms we describe
below.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">The
debt securities may be either secured or unsecured and will either
be senior debt securities or subordinated debt securities. We will
issue the senior notes under the senior indenture which we will
enter into with one or more trustees. We will issue the
subordinated notes under the subordinated indenture which we will
enter into with one or more trustees. We have filed forms of these
documents as exhibits to the registration statement of which this
prospectus forms a part. We use the term &#x201C;indentures&#x201D;
to refer to both the senior indenture and the subordinated
indenture.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">The
indentures will be qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939,
as amended, or the Trust Indenture Act. We use the term
&#x201C;debenture trustee&#x201D; to refer to either the senior
trustee or the subordinated trustee, as applicable.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">The
following summaries of the material provisions of the senior notes,
the subordinated notes and the indentures are subject to, and
qualified in their entirety by reference to, all of the provisions
of the indenture applicable to a particular series of debt
securities. We urge you to read the applicable prospectus
supplements related to the debt securities that we sell under this
prospectus, as well as the complete indentures that contain the
terms of the debt securities. Except as we may otherwise indicate,
the terms of the senior indenture and the subordinated indenture
are identical.</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
General</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">We will
describe in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms relating
to a series of debt securities, including, to the extent
applicable:</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">the
title;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">the principal
amount being offered and, if a series, the total amount authorized
and the total amount outstanding;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">any limit on the
amount that may be issued;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">whether or not we
will issue the series of debt securities in global form and, if so,
the terms and who the depositary will be;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div id="pgbrk" style="width: 100%; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; margin-right: 0px">
<div id="ftr">
<div style="text-align: left; width: 100%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div id="pn" style="text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">12</font></div>
</div>
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<!--page break line--></div>
<div id="hdr">
<div style="text-align: right; width: 100%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br>
</font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;the maturity
date</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">the principal
amount due at maturity and whether the debt securities will be
issued with any original issue discount;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">whether and under
what circumstances, if any, we will pay additional amounts on any
debt securities held by a person who is not a U.S. person for U.S.
federal income tax purposes, and whether we can redeem the debt
securities if we have to pay such additional amounts;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">the annual interest
rate, which may be fixed or variable, or the method for determining
the rate, the date interest will begin to accrue, the dates
interest will be payable and the regular record dates for interest
payment dates or the method for determining such
dates;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">whether or not the
debt securities will be secured or unsecured, and the terms of any
secured debt;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">whether or not the
debt securities will be senior or subordinated, and the terms of
the subordination of any series of subordinated debt;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">the place where
payments will be payable;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">restrictions on
transfer, sale or other assignment, if any;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">our right, if any,
to defer payment of interest and the maximum length of any such
deferral period;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">the date, if any,
after which, the conditions upon which, and the price at which we
may, at our option, redeem the series of debt securities pursuant
to any optional or provisional redemption provisions, and any other
applicable terms of those redemption provisions;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">provisions for a
sinking fund, purchase or other analogous fund, if
any;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">the date, if any,
on which, and the price at which we are obligated, pursuant to any
mandatory sinking fund or analogous fund provisions or otherwise,
to redeem, or at the holder&#x2019;s option to purchase, the series
of debt securities;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">whether the
indenture will restrict our ability and/or the ability of our
subsidiaries to</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 72px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">o</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">incur additional
indebtedness;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 72px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">o</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">issue additional
securities;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 72px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">o</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">create
liens;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 72px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">o</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">pay dividends and
make distributions in respect of our capital stock and the capital
stock of our subsidiaries;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 72px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">o</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">redeem capital
stock;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 72px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">o</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">place restrictions
on our subsidiaries&#x2019; ability to pay dividends, make
distributions or transfer assets;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 72px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">o</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">make investments or
other restricted payments;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 72px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">o</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">sell or otherwise
dispose of assets;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 72px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">o</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">enter into
sale-leaseback transactions;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 72px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">o</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">engage in
transactions with shareholders and affiliates;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 72px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">o</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">issue or sell stock
of our subsidiaries; or</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div id="pgbrk" style="width: 100%; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; margin-right: 0px">
<div id="ftr">
<div style="text-align: left; width: 100%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div id="pn" style="text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">13</font></div>
</div>
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<div id="hdr">
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<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10"><br>
</font></div>
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<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">o</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">effect a
consolidation or merger;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
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<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">whether the
indenture will require us to maintain any interest coverage, fixed
charge, cash flow-based, asset-based or other financial
ratios;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">a discussion of any
material or special U.S. federal income tax considerations
applicable to the debt securities;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
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<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">information
describing any book-entry features;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
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<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">the procedures for
any auction and remarketing, if any;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">the denominations
in which we will issue the series of debt securities, if other than
denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple
thereof;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">if other than U.S.
dollars, the currency in which the series of debt securities will
be denominated; and</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">any other specific
terms, preferences, rights or limitations of, or restrictions on,
the debt securities, including any events of default that are in
addition to those described in this prospectus or any covenants
provided with respect to the debt securities that are in addition
to those described above, and any terms which may be required by us
or advisable under applicable laws or regulations or advisable in
connection with the marketing of the debt securities.</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Conversion or Exchange Rights</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">We will
set forth in the applicable prospectus supplements the terms on
which a series of debt securities may be convertible into or
exchangeable for common stock or other securities of ours or a
third party, including the conversion or exchange rate, as
applicable, or how it will be calculated, and the applicable
conversion or exchange period. We will include provisions as to
whether conversion or exchange is mandatory, at the option of the
holder or at our option. We may include provisions pursuant to
which the number of our securities or the securities of a third
party that the holders of the series of debt securities receive
upon conversion or exchange would, under the circumstances
described in those provisions, be subject to adjustment, or
pursuant to which those holders would, under those circumstances,
receive other property upon conversion or exchange, for example in
the event of our merger or consolidation with another
entity.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Consolidation, Merger or Sale</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">The
indentures in the form initially filed as exhibits to the
registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part do not
contain any covenant that restricts our ability to merge or
consolidate, or sell, convey, transfer or otherwise dispose of all
or substantially all of our assets. However, any successor of ours
or acquirer of such assets must assume all of our obligations under
the indentures and the debt securities.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">If the
debt securities are convertible into our other securities, the
person with whom we consolidate or merge or to whom we sell all of
our property must make provisions for the conversion of the debt
securities into securities which the holders of the debt securities
would have received if they had converted the debt securities
before the consolidation, merger or sale.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Events of Default Under the Indentures</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Unless
otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, the
following are events of default under the indentures with respect
to any series of debt securities that we may issue:</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">if we fail to pay
interest when due and payable and our failure continues for 90 days
and the time for payment has not been validly
extended;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">if we fail to pay
the principal, or premium, if any, or to make payment required by
any sinking fund or analogous fund when due and payable and the
time for payment has not been validly extended;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
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<div id="ftr">
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<div id="pn" style="text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">14</font></div>
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<div id="hdr">
<div style="text-align: right; width: 100%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br>
</font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;if we fail to
observe or perform any other covenant contained in the debt
securities or the indentures, other than a covenant specifically
relating to another series of debt securities, and our failure
continues for 90 days after we receive notice from the debenture
trustee or holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of
the outstanding debt securities of the applicable series;
and</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">if specified events
of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization occur.</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">If an
event of default with respect to debt securities of any series
occurs and is continuing, other than an event of default specified
in the last bullet point above, the debenture trustee or the
holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the
outstanding debt securities of that series may, by notice to us in
writing (and to the debenture trustee if notice is given by such
holders), declare the unpaid principal, premium, if any, and
accrued interest, if any, due and payable immediately. If an event
of default specified in the last bullet point above occurs with
respect to us, the principal amount of and accrued interest, if
any, of each series of debt securities then outstanding shall be
due and payable without any notice or other action on the part of
the debenture trustee or any holder.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">The
holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt
securities of an affected series may waive any default or event of
default with respect to the series and its consequences, except
defaults or events of default regarding payment of principal,
premium, if any, or interest, unless we have cured the default or
event of default in accordance with the indenture.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Subject
to the terms of the indentures, if an event of default under an
indenture shall occur and be continuing, the debenture trustee will
be under no obligation to exercise any of its rights or powers
under such indenture at the request or direction of any of the
holders of the applicable series of debt securities, unless such
holders have offered the debenture trustee reasonable indemnity.
The holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding
debt securities of any series will have the right to direct the
time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy
available to the debenture trustee, or exercising any trust or
power conferred on the debenture trustee, with respect to the debt
securities of that series, provided that:</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">the direction so
given by the holder is not in conflict with any law or the
applicable indenture; and</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">subject to its
duties under the Trust Indenture Act, the debenture trustee need
not take any action that might involve it in personal liability or
might be unduly prejudicial to the holders not involved in the
proceeding.</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">A holder of the
debt securities of any series will only have the right to institute
a proceeding under the indentures or to appoint a receiver or
trustee, or to seek other remedies, if:</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">the holder has
given written notice to the debenture trustee of a continuing event
of default with respect to that series;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">the holders of at
least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt
securities of that series have made written request, and such
holders have offered reasonable indemnity to the debenture trustee,
to institute the proceeding as trustee; and</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">the debenture
trustee does not institute the proceeding, and does not receive
from the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the
outstanding debt securities of that series other conflicting
directions, within 90 days after the notice, request and
offer.</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">These
limitations do not apply to a suit instituted by a holder of debt
securities if we default in the payment of the principal, premium,
if any, or interest on the debt securities.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">We will
periodically file statements with the debenture trustee regarding
our compliance with specified covenants in the
indentures.</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div id="pgbrk" style="width: 100%; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; margin-right: 0px">
<div id="ftr">
<div style="text-align: left; width: 100%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div id="pn" style="text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">15</font></div>
</div>
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<div id="hdr">
<div style="text-align: right; width: 100%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font>
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10"><br>
</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Modification of Indenture; Waiver</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">We and
the debenture trustee may modify an indenture without the consent
of any holders with respect to specific matters, including, without
limitation:</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">to fix any
ambiguity, defect or inconsistency in the indenture or in the debt
securities of any series;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">to comply with the
provisions described above under &#x201C;Consolidation, Merger or
Sale&#x201D;;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">to comply with any
requirements of the SEC in connection with the qualification of any
indenture under the Trust Indenture Act;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">to evidence and
provide for the acceptance of appointment under the indenture by a
successor trustee;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">to provide for
uncertificated debt securities in addition to or in place of
certificated securities and to make all appropriate changes for
such purpose;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">to evidence and
provide for the acceptance of appointment under the indenture by a
successor trustee;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">to add to, delete
from, or revise the conditions, limitations and restrictions on the
authorized amount, terms or purposes of issuance, authentication
and delivery of debt securities of any series;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">to provide for the
issuance of and establish the form and terms and conditions of the
debt securities of any series authorized pursuant to the
indentures, to establish the form of any certifications required to
be furnished pursuant to the indentures or any series or to add to
the rights of the holders of any series of debt
securities;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">to add to our
covenants such new covenants, restrictions, conditions or
provisions for the protection of the holders, to make the
occurrence, or the occurrence and the continuance, of a default in
any such additional covenants, restrictions, conditions or
provisions an event of default, or to surrender any of our rights
or powers under the indenture; or</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">to change anything
that does not adversely affect the rights of any holder of debt
securities of any series in any material respect.</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">In
addition, under the indentures, the rights of holders of debt
securities of any series may be changed by us and the debenture
trustee with the written consent of the holders of at least a
majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt
securities of each series that is affected. However, we and the
debenture trustee may only make the following changes with the
consent of each holder of any outstanding debt securities
affected:</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">extending the fixed
maturity of the debt securities of any series;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">reducing the
principal amount, reducing the rate of or extending the time of
payment of interest or reducing any premium payable upon the
redemption of any debt securities; or</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">reducing the
percentage of debt securities the holders of which are required to
consent to any supplemental indenture.</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Discharge</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">The
indentures provide that we can elect to be discharged from our
obligations with respect to one or more series of debt securities,
except for certain obligations, including obligations
to:</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">register the
transfer or exchange of debt securities of the series;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">replace mutilated,
destroyed, lost or stolen debt securities of the
series;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">maintain paying
agencies;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div id="pgbrk" style="width: 100%; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; margin-right: 0px">
<div id="ftr">
<div style="text-align: left; width: 100%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div id="pn" style="text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">16</font></div>
</div>
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<div id="hdr">
<div style="text-align: right; width: 100%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br>
</font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">compensate and
indemnify the debenture trustee; and</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">appoint any
successor trustee</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">In
order to exercise our rights to be discharged, we must deposit with
the debenture trustee money or government obligations, or a
combination of both, sufficient to pay all of the principal,
premium, if any, and interest on the debt securities of the series
on the dates payments are due.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Form, Exchange and Transfer</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">We will
issue the debt securities of each series only in fully registered
form without coupons and, unless we otherwise specify in the
applicable prospectus supplement, in denominations of $1,000 and
any integral multiple thereof. The indentures provide that we may
issue debt securities of a series in temporary or permanent global
form and as book-entry securities that will be deposited with, or
on behalf of, The Depository Trust Company, New York, New York,
known as DTC, or another depositary named by us and identified in a
prospectus supplement with respect to that series.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">At the
option of the holder, subject to the terms of the indentures and
the limitations applicable to global securities described in the
applicable prospectus supplement, the holder of the debt securities
of any series can exchange the debt securities for other debt
securities of the same series, in any authorized denomination and
of like tenor and aggregate principal amount.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Subject
to the terms of the indentures and the limitations applicable to
global securities set forth in the applicable prospectus
supplements, holders of the debt securities may present the debt
securities for exchange or for registration of transfer, duly
endorsed or with the form of transfer endorsed thereon duly
executed if so required by us or the security registrar, at the
office of the security registrar or at the office of any transfer
agent designated by us for this purpose. Unless otherwise provided
in the debt securities that the holder presents for transfer or
exchange, we will not impose a service charge for any registration
of transfer or exchange, but we may require payment of any taxes or
other governmental charges applicable to or associated with such
registration of transfer or exchange.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">We will
name in the applicable prospectus supplements the security
registrar, and any transfer agent in addition to the security
registrar, that we initially designate for any debt securities. We
may at any time designate additional transfer agents or rescind the
designation of any transfer agent or approve a change in the office
through which any transfer agent acts, except that we will be
required to maintain a transfer agent in each place of payment for
the debt securities of each series.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">If we
elect to redeem the debt securities of any series, we will not be
required to:</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">issue, register the
transfer of, or exchange any debt securities of any series being
redeemed in part during a period beginning at the opening of
business 15 days before the day of mailing of a notice of
redemption of any debt securities that may be selected for
redemption and ending at the close of business on the day of the
mailing; or</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">register the
transfer of or exchange any debt securities so selected for
redemption, in whole or in part, except the unredeemed portion of
any debt securities we are redeeming in part.</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Information Concerning the Debenture Trustee</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">The
debenture trustee, other than during the occurrence and continuance
of an event of default under an indenture, undertakes to perform
only those duties as are specifically set forth in the applicable
indenture. Upon an event of default under an indenture, the
debenture trustee must use the same degree of care as a prudent
person would exercise or use in the conduct of his or her own
affairs. Subject to this provision, the debenture trustee is under
no obligation to exercise any of the powers given it by the
indentures at the request of any holder of debt securities unless
it is offered reasonable security and indemnity against the costs,
expenses and liabilities that it might incur.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div id="pgbrk" style="width: 100%; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; margin-right: 0px">
<div id="ftr">
<div style="text-align: left; width: 100%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div id="pn" style="text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">17</font></div>
</div>
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<div id="hdr">
<div style="text-align: right; width: 100%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Payment and Paying Agents</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Unless
we otherwise indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, we
will make payment of the interest on any debt securities on any
interest payment date to the person in whose name the debt
securities, or one or more predecessor securities, are registered
at the close of business on the regular record date for the
interest.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">We will
pay principal of, and any premium and interest on, the debt
securities of a particular series at the office of the paying
agents designated by us, except that, unless we otherwise indicate
in the applicable prospectus supplement, we may make certain
payments by check which we will mail to the holder or by wire
transfer to certain holders. Unless we otherwise indicate in a
prospectus supplement, we will designate an office or agency of the
debenture trustee in the city of New York as our sole paying agent
for payments with respect to debt securities of each series. We
will name in the applicable prospectus supplement any other paying
agents that we initially designate for the debt securities of a
particular series. We will maintain a paying agent in each place of
payment for the debt securities of a particular
series.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">All
money we pay to a paying agent or the debenture trustee for the
payment of the principal of or any premium or interest on any debt
securities which remains unclaimed at the end of two years after
such principal, premium or interest has become due and payable will
be repaid to us, and the holder of the debt security thereafter may
look only to us for payment thereof.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Governing Law</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">The
indentures and the debt securities will be governed by and
construed in accordance with the laws of the state of New York,
except to the extent that the Trust Indenture Act is
applicable.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Subordination of Subordinated Debt Securities</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">The
subordinated debt securities will be subordinate and junior in
priority of payment to certain of our other indebtedness to the
extent described in a prospectus supplement. The indentures in the
form initially filed as exhibits to the registration statement of
which this prospectus forms a part do not limit the amount of
indebtedness which we may incur, including senior indebtedness or
subordinated indebtedness, and do not limit us from issuing any
other debt, including secured debt or unsecured debt. Additional or
different subordination provisions may be described in a prospectus
supplement relating to a particular series of debt
securities.</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-variant: small-caps; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Description of Warrants</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">This
summary, together with the additional information we include in any
applicable prospectus supplements, summarizes the material terms
and provisions of the warrants that we may offer under this
prospectus, which consist of warrants to purchase our common stock,
preferred stock and/or debt securities in one or more series.
Warrants may be offered independently or together with our common
stock, preferred stock, debt securities and/or rights offered by
any prospectus supplement, and may be attached to or separate from
those securities. While the terms we have summarized below will
generally apply to any future warrants we may offer under this
prospectus, we will describe the particular terms of any warrants
that we may offer in more detail in the applicable prospectus
supplement. The terms of any warrants we offer under a prospectus
supplement may differ from the terms we describe
below.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">We will
issue the warrants directly or under a warrant agreement which we
will enter into with a warrant agent to be selected by us. Each
series of warrants will be issued under a separate warrant
agreement to be entered into between us and a bank or trust
company, as warrant agent, all as set forth in the prospectus
supplement relating to the particular issue of offered warrants. We
use the term &#x201C;warrant agreement&#x201D; to refer to any of
these warrant agreements. We use the term &#x201C;warrant
agent&#x201D; to refer to the warrant agent under any of these
warrant agreements. The warrant agent will act solely as an agent
of ours in connection with the warrants and will not act as an
agent for the holders or beneficial owners of the
warrants.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div id="pgbrk" style="width: 100%; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; margin-right: 0px">
<div id="ftr">
<div style="text-align: left; width: 100%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div id="pn" style="text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">18</font></div>
</div>
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<div id="hdr">
<div style="text-align: right; width: 100%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font>
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10"><br>
</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">The
following summary of material provisions of the warrants and the
warrant agreements are subject to, and qualified in their entirety
by reference to, all of the provisions of the warrant agreement
applicable to a particular series of warrants. We urge you to read
the applicable prospectus supplements related to the warrants that
we sell pursuant to this prospectus, as well as the complete
warrant agreements that contain the terms of the
warrants.</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
General</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">We will
describe in the applicable prospectus supplements the terms
relating to a series of warrants.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">If
warrants for the purchase of our common stock or preferred stock
are offered, the prospectus supplements will describe the following
terms, to the extent applicable:</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">the offering price
and the aggregate number of warrants offered;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">the total number of
shares that can be purchased if a holder of the warrants exercises
them and, in the case of warrants for preferred stock, the
designation, total number and terms of the series of preferred
stock that can be purchased upon exercise;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">the designation and
terms of any series of preferred stock with which the warrants are
being offered and the number of warrants being offered with each
share of common stock or preferred stock;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">the date on and
after which the holder of the warrants can transfer them separately
from the related common stock or series of preferred
stock;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">the number of
shares of common stock or preferred stock that can be purchased if
a holder exercises the warrant and the price at which such common
stock or preferred stock may be purchased upon exercise, including,
if applicable, any provisions for changes to or adjustments in the
exercise price and in the securities or other property receivable
upon exercise;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">the terms of any
rights to redeem or call, or accelerate the expiration of, the
warrants;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">the date on which
the right to exercise the warrants begins and the date on which
that right expires;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">the number of
warrants outstanding, if any;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">a discussion of any
material U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to the
warrants;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">the terms, if any,
on which we may accelerate the date by which the warrants must be
exercised;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">whether the
warrants are issued pursuant to a warrant agreement with a warrant
agent or issued directly by us; and</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">any other specific
terms, preferences, rights or limitations of, or restrictions on,
the warrants.</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Warrants for the
purchase of common stock or preferred stock will be in registered
form only.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">If
warrants for the purchase of debt securities are offered, the
prospectus supplement will describe the following terms, to the
extent applicable:</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">the offering price
and the aggregate number of warrants offered;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">the currencies in
which the warrants are being offered;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">the designation,
aggregate principal amount, currencies, denominations and terms of
the series of debt securities that can be purchased if a holder
exercises a warrant;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">the designation and
terms of any series of debt securities with which the warrants are
being offered and the number of warrants offered with each such
debt security;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div id="pgbrk" style="width: 100%; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; margin-right: 0px">
<div id="ftr">
<div style="text-align: left; width: 100%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div id="pn" style="text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">19</font></div>
</div>
<div id="pb" style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 6px; page-break-after: always; width: 100%; height: 1px; background-color: #000000">
<!--page break line--></div>
<div id="hdr">
<div style="text-align: right; width: 100%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br>
</font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">the date on and
after which the holder of the warrants can transfer them separately
from the related series of debt securities;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">the principal
amount of the series of debt securities that can be purchased if a
holder exercises a warrant and the price at which and currencies in
which such principal amount may be purchased upon
exercise;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">the terms of any
rights to redeem or call the warrants;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">the date on which
the right to exercise the warrants begins and the date on which
such right expires;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">the number of
warrants outstanding, if any;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">a discussion of any
material U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to the
warrants;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">the terms, if any,
on which we may accelerate the date by which the warrants must be
exercised;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">whether the
warrants are issued pursuant to a warrant agreement with a warrant
agent or issued directly by us; and</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">any other specific
terms, preferences, rights or limitations of, or restrictions on,
the warrants.</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Warrants for the
purchase of debt securities will be in registered form
only.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">A
holder of warrant certificates may exchange them for new
certificates of different denominations, present them for
registration of transfer and exercise them at the corporate trust
office of the warrant agent or any other office indicated in the
applicable prospectus supplement. Until any warrants to purchase
common stock or preferred stock are exercised, holders of the
warrants will not have any rights of holders of the underlying
common stock or preferred stock, including any rights to receive
dividends or to exercise any voting rights, except to the extent
set forth under &#x201C;&#x2014;Warrant Adjustments&#x201D; below.
Until any warrants to purchase debt securities are exercised, the
holder of the warrants will not have any of the rights of holders
of the debt securities that can be purchased upon exercise,
including any rights to receive payments of principal, premium or
interest on the underlying debt securities or to enforce covenants
in the applicable indenture.</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Exercise of Warrants</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Each
holder of a warrant is entitled to purchase the number of shares of
common stock or preferred stock or principal amount of debt
securities, as the case may be, at the exercise price described in
the applicable prospectus supplements. After the close of business
on the day when the right to exercise terminates (or a later date
if we extend the time for exercise), unexercised warrants will
become void.</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">A
holder of warrants may exercise them by following the general
procedure outlined below:</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">delivering to us or
to the warrant agent the payment required by the applicable
prospectus supplements to purchase the underlying
security;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">properly completing
and signing the reverse side of the warrant certificate
representing the warrants; and</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">delivering the
warrant certificate representing the warrants to us or to the
warrant agent within five business days of receipt of payment of
the exercise price.</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">If the
holder complies with the procedures described above, the warrants
will be considered to have been exercised when we receive or the
warrant agent receives, as applicable, payment of the exercise
price, subject to the transfer books for the securities issuable
upon exercise of the warrant not being closed on such date. After
the holder has completed those procedures and subject to the
foregoing, we will, as soon as practicable, issue and deliver to
such holder the common stock, preferred stock or debt securities
that such holder purchased upon exercise. If the holder exercises
fewer than all of the warrants represented by a warrant
certificate, a new warrant certificate will be issued to such
holder for the unexercised amount of warrants. Holders of warrants
will be required to pay any tax or governmental charge that may be
imposed in connection with transferring the underlying securities
in connection with the exercise of the warrants.</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div id="pgbrk" style="width: 100%; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; margin-right: 0px">
<div id="ftr">
<div style="text-align: left; width: 100%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div id="pn" style="text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">20</font></div>
</div>
<div id="pb" style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 6px; page-break-after: always; width: 100%; height: 1px; background-color: #000000">
<!--page break line--></div>
<div id="hdr">
<div style="text-align: right; width: 100%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Amendments and Supplements to the Warrant Agreements</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">We may
amend or supplement a warrant agreement without the consent of the
holders of the applicable warrants to cure ambiguities in the
warrant agreement, to cure, correct or supplement a defective
provision in the warrant agreement, or to provide for other matters
under the warrant agreement that we and the warrant agent deem
necessary or desirable, so long as, in each case, such amendments
or supplements do not materially adversely affect the interests of
the holders of the warrants.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Warrant Adjustments</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Unless
the applicable prospectus supplements state otherwise, the exercise
price of, and the number of securities covered by, a common stock
warrant or preferred stock warrant will be adjusted proportionately
if we subdivide or combine our common stock or preferred stock, as
applicable.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">In
addition, unless the prospectus supplements state otherwise, if we,
without payment therefor:</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">issue capital stock
or other securities convertible into or exchangeable for common
stock or preferred stock, or any rights to subscribe for, purchase
or otherwise acquire any of the foregoing, as a dividend or
distribution to holders of our common stock or preferred
stock;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">pay any cash to
holders of our common stock or preferred stock other than a cash
dividend paid out of our current or retained earnings or other than
in accordance with the terms of the preferred stock;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">issue any evidence
of our indebtedness or rights to subscribe for or purchase our
indebtedness to holders of our common stock or preferred stock;
or</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">issue common stock
or preferred stock or additional stock or other securities or
property to holders of our common stock or preferred stock by way
of spinoff, split-up, reclassification, combination of shares or
similar corporate rearrangement;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">then
the holders of common stock warrants and preferred stock warrants,
as applicable, will be entitled to receive upon exercise of the
warrants, in addition to the securities otherwise receivable upon
exercise of the warrants and without paying any additional
consideration, the amount of stock and other securities and
property such holders would have been entitled to receive had they
held the common stock or preferred stock, as applicable, issuable
under the warrants on the dates on which holders of those
securities received or became entitled to receive such additional
stock and other securities and property.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Except
as stated above, the exercise price and number of securities
covered by a common stock warrant or preferred stock warrant, and
the amounts of other securities or property to be received, if any,
upon exercise of those warrants, will not be adjusted or provided
for if we issue those securities or any securities convertible into
or exchangeable for those securities, or securities carrying the
right to purchase those securities or securities convertible into
or exchangeable for those securities.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Holders
of common stock warrants and preferred stock warrants may have
additional rights under the following circumstances:</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">certain
reclassifications, capital reorganizations or changes of the common
stock or preferred stock, as applicable;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">certain share
exchanges, mergers, or similar transactions involving us and which
result in changes of the common stock or preferred stock, as
applicable; or</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">certain sales or
dispositions to another entity of all or substantially all of our
property and assets.</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div id="pgbrk" style="width: 100%; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; margin-right: 0px">
<div id="ftr">
<div style="text-align: left; width: 100%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div id="pn" style="text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">21</font></div>
</div>
<div id="pb" style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 6px; page-break-after: always; width: 100%; height: 1px; background-color: #000000">
<!--page break line--></div>
<div id="hdr">
<div style="text-align: right; width: 100%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br>
</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">If one
of the above transactions occurs and holders of our common stock or
preferred stock are entitled to receive stock, securities or other
property with respect to or in exchange for their securities, the
holders of the common stock warrants and preferred stock warrants
then outstanding, as applicable, will be entitled to receive upon
exercise of their warrants the kind and amount of shares of stock
and other securities or property that they would have received upon
the applicable transaction if they had exercised their warrants
immediately before the transaction.<br></font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-variant: small-caps; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Description of Rights</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">This
summary, together with the additional information we include in any
applicable prospectus supplements, summarizes the material terms
and provisions of the rights that we may offer under this
prospectus, which consist of rights to purchase our common stock,
preferred stock and/or debt securities in one or more series.
Rights may be offered independently or together with our common
stock, preferred stock, debt securities and/or warrants offered by
any prospectus supplement, and may be attached to or separate from
those securities. While the terms we have summarized below will
generally apply to any future rights we may offer pursuant to this
prospectus, we will describe the particular terms of any rights
that we may offer in more detail in the applicable prospectus
supplements. The terms of any rights we offer under a prospectus
supplement may differ from the terms we describe
below.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">The
applicable prospectus supplements relating to any rights that we
offer will include specific terms of any offering of rights for
which this prospectus is being delivered, including the following,
to the extent applicable:</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">the date for
determining the persons entitled to participate in the rights
distribution;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">the price, if any,
per right;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">the exercise price
payable for each share of common stock, share of preferred stock or
debt security upon the exercise of the rights;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">the number of
rights issued or to be issued to each holder;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">the number and
terms of the shares of common stock, shares of preferred stock or
debt securities that may be purchased per each right;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">the extent to which
the rights are transferable;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">any other terms of
the rights, including the terms, procedures and limitations
relating to the exchange and exercise of the rights;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">the respective
dates on which the holder&#x2019;s ability to exercise the rights
will commence and will expire;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">the number of
rights outstanding, if any;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">a discussion of any
material U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to the
rights;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">the extent to which
the rights may include an over-subscription privilege with respect
to unsubscribed securities; and</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">if applicable, the
material terms of any standby underwriting or purchase arrangement
entered into by us in connection with the offering of such
rights.</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">The
description in the applicable prospectus supplements of any rights
that we may offer will not necessarily be complete and will be
qualified in its entirety by reference to the applicable rights
agreement and/or rights certificate, which will be filed with the
SEC in connection therewith.</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div id="pgbrk" style="width: 100%; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; margin-right: 0px">
<div id="ftr">
<div style="text-align: left; width: 100%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div id="pn" style="text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">22</font></div>
</div>
<div id="pb" style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 6px; page-break-after: always; width: 100%; height: 1px; background-color: #000000">
<!--page break line--></div>
<div id="hdr">
<div style="text-align: right; width: 100%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font>
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10"><br>
</font></div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-variant: small-caps; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Description of Units</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">This
summary, together with the additional information we include in any
applicable prospectus supplements, summarizes the material terms
and provisions of the units that we may offer under this
prospectus, which may consist of one or more shares of common
stock, shares of preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, rights
or any combination of such securities. While the terms we have
summarized below will generally apply to any future units we may
offer pursuant to this prospectus, we will describe the particular
terms of any units that we may offer in more detail in the
applicable prospectus supplements. The terms of any units we offer
under a prospectus supplement may differ from the terms we describe
below.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">The
applicable prospectus supplements relating to any units that we
offer will include specific terms of any offering of units for
which this prospectus is being delivered, including the following,
to the extent applicable:</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">the designation and
terms of the units and of the securities comprising the units,
including whether and under what circumstances those securities may
be held or transferred separately;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">whether we will
apply to have the units traded on a securities exchange or
securities quotation system</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">a discussion of any
material U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to the
units; and</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">how, for U.S.
federal income tax purposes, the purchase price paid for the units
is to be allocated among the component securities.</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">The
description in the applicable prospectus supplements of any units
that we may offer will not necessarily be complete and will be
qualified in its entirety by reference to the applicable unit
agreement, which will be filed with the SEC in connection
therewith.</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
<a name="_Toc30593838"><!--anchor--></a>PLAN OF
DISTRIBUTION</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">We may
sell the securities offered pursuant to this prospectus and any
accompanying prospectus supplements from time to time in one or
more transactions:</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">to or through one
or more underwriters or dealers;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">to investors
directly;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">through agents;
or</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">through any
combination of these methods of sale.</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Our
securities may be offered and sold from time to time in one or more
transaction at:</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">a fixed price or
prices, which may be changed;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">market prices
prevailing at the time of sale;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">prices related to
the prevailing market prices; or</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">negotiated
prices.</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Any of
the prices at which we sell securities may be at a discount to
market prices. Broker-dealers or the purchasers of the securities,
as applicable, may also receive from us compensation that is not
expected to exceed that customary in the types of transactions
involved.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Each
prospectus supplement, to the extent applicable, will describe the
number and terms of the securities to which such prospectus
supplement relates, including:</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div id="pgbrk" style="width: 100%; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; margin-right: 0px">
<div id="ftr">
<div style="text-align: left; width: 100%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div id="pn" style="text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">23</font></div>
</div>
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<div id="hdr">
<div style="text-align: right; width: 100%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">any over-allotment
options under which underwriters, if any, may purchase additional
securities;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">the name or names
of any underwriters or agents with whom we have entered into an
arrangement with respect to the sale of such
securities;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">the public offering
or purchase price of such securities;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">any underwriting
discounts or commissions or agency fees or other items constituting
underwriter or agent compensation;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">any discounts,
commissions or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to
dealers;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">any securities
exchanges or markets on which the securities may be listed;
and</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">the net proceeds we
will receive from such sale.</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Underwritten Offerings</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">If
underwriters are used in the sale of any securities, the securities
will be acquired by the underwriters for their own account and may
be resold from time to time in one or more transactions described
above. The applicable prospectus supplement will name any
underwriter involved in a sale of securities. Such securities may
be either offered to the public through underwriting syndicates
represented by managing underwriters, or directly by underwriters.
Underwriters may sell the securities to or through dealers, and
such dealers may receive compensation in the form of discounts.
Generally, the underwriters&#x2019; obligations to purchase the
securities will be subject to conditions precedent and the
underwriters will be obligated to purchase all of the securities if
they purchase any of the securities. We may use underwriters with
whom we have a material relationship. We will describe any such
underwriters in the applicable prospectus supplement, naming the
underwriter and the nature of any such relationship.</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Direct Sales and Sales through Agents</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">We may
sell securities directly to institutional investors or others who
may be deemed to be underwriters within the meaning of the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, with
respect to any sale of those securities. We also may, from time to
time, authorize dealers or agents to offer and sell these
securities, upon such terms and conditions as may be set forth in
the applicable prospectus supplement, if applicable. In order to
comply with the securities laws of certain states, if applicable,
the securities offered will be sold in such jurisdictions only
through registered or licensed brokers or dealers. In addition, in
certain states securities may not be sold unless they have been
registered or qualified for sale in the applicable state or an
exemption from the registration or qualification requirement is
available and is complied with. This prospectus, one or more
prospectus supplements, and the registration statement of which
this prospectus forms a part may be used in conjunction with one or
more other registration statements to the extent permitted by the
Securities Act and the rules and regulations promulgated
thereunder.</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Rights Offerings</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">We also
may sell directly to investors through subscription rights
distributed to our shareholders on a pro rata basis. In connection
with any distribution of subscription rights to shareholders, if
all of the underlying securities are not subscribed for, we may
sell the unsubscribed shares of our securities directly to third
parties or may engage the services of one or more underwriters,
dealers or agents, including standby underwriters, to sell the
unsubscribed securities to third parties.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">We may
also sell securities in one or more of the following
transactions:</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">block transactions
(which may involve crosses) in which a broker-dealer may sell all
or a portion of the shares as agent but may position and resell all
or a portion of the block as principal to facilitate the
transaction;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">purchases by a
broker-dealer as principal and resale by the broker-dealer for its
own account;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div id="pgbrk" style="width: 100%; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; margin-right: 0px">
<div id="ftr">
<div style="text-align: left; width: 100%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div id="pn" style="text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">24</font></div>
</div>
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<div id="hdr">
<div style="text-align: right; width: 100%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br>
</font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">ordinary brokerage
transactions and transactions in which a broker-dealer solicits
purchasers;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">sales &#x201C;at the
market&#x201D; to or through a market maker or into an existing
trading market, on an exchange or otherwise, for securities;
and</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-size: 13px">&#x25CF;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">sales in other ways
not involving a market maker or established trading markets,
including direct sales to purchasers</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">We may
also enter into derivative transactions with third parties, or sell
securities not covered by this prospectus to third parties in
privately negotiated transactions. In connection with those
derivatives, the third parties may sell securities covered by this
prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, including in
short sale transactions. If so, the third party may use securities
pledged by us or borrowed from us or others to settle those sales
or to close out any related open borrowings of stock, and may use
securities received from us in settlement of those derivatives to
close out any related open borrowings of stock. The third party in
such sale transactions will be an underwriter and will be
identified in the applicable prospectus supplement or in a
post-effective amendment to the registration statement of which
this prospectus forms a part.</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Any
dealers or agents that participate in the distribution of
securities may be deemed to be underwriters under the Securities
Act, and in such event, any discounts or commissions received by
them and any profit realized by them on the resale of securities
they realize may be deemed to be underwriting discounts and
commissions under the Securities Act.</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Indemnification</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Underwriters,
dealers and agents and remarketing firms may be entitled, under
agreements entered into with us, to indemnification against and
contribution toward certain civil liabilities, including
liabilities under the Securities Act, or to contribute with respect
to payments that the agents, dealers, underwriters or remarketing
firms may be required to make.</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Stabilization</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">In
connection with any offering of the securities hereby, certain
underwriters and selling group members and their respective
affiliates may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain or
otherwise affect the market price of the applicable securities.
These transactions may include stabilization transactions pursuant
to which these persons may bid for or purchase securities for the
purpose of stabilizing their market price.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">The
underwriters in an offering of securities may also create a
&#x201C;short position&#x201D; for their account by selling more
securities in connection with the offering than they are committed
to purchase from us. In that case, the underwriters could cover all
or a portion of the short position by either purchasing securities
in the open market following completion of the offering of these
securities or by exercising any over-allotment option granted to
them by us. In addition, the managing underwriter may impose
&#x201C;penalty bids&#x201D; under contractual arrangements with
other underwriters, which means that it can reclaim from an
underwriter (or any selling group member participating in the
offering) for the account of the other underwriters, the selling
concession for the securities that are distributed in the offering
but subsequently purchased for the account of the underwriters in
the open market. Any of the transactions described in this
paragraph or comparable transactions that are described in any
accompanying prospectus supplement may result in the maintenance of
the price of the securities at a level above that which might
otherwise prevail in the open market. None of the transactions
described in this paragraph or in an accompanying prospectus
supplement are required to be taken by an underwriter and, if they
are undertaken, may be discontinued at any time.</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font>
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10"><br>
</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Under
applicable rules and regulations under the Exchange Act, under
certain circumstances a person engaged in the distribution of the
securities offered under this prospectus and the accompanying
prospectus supplement may not simultaneously engage in market
making activities with respect to our securities for a specified
period prior to the commencement of such distribution.</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div id="pgbrk" style="width: 100%; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; margin-right: 0px">
<div id="ftr">
<div style="text-align: left; width: 100%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div id="pn" style="text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">25</font></div>
</div>
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<div id="hdr">
<div style="text-align: right; width: 100%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Passive Market-Making on Nasdaq</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Any
underwriters who are qualified market makers on the Nasdaq Global
Select Market may engage in passive market making transactions in
our common stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market in accordance
with Rule 103 of Regulation M. Passive market makers must comply
with applicable volume and price limitations and must be identified
as passive market makers. In general, a passive market maker must
display its bid at a price not in excess of the highest independent
bid for such security; if all independent bids are lowered below
the passive market making bid, however, the passive market making
bid must then be lowered when certain purchase limits are
exceeded.</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Remarketing Arrangements</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Offered
securities may also be offered and sold in connection with a
remarketing upon their purchase, in accordance with a redemption or
repayment pursuant to their terms, or otherwise, by one or more
remarketing firms, acting as principals for their own accounts or
as agents for us. We will identify any remarketing firm and
describe the terms of its agreements, if any, with us and its
compensation in the applicable prospectus supplement.</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Delayed Delivery Contracts</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">If
indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will
authorize dealers acting as our agents to solicit offers by
institutions to purchase securities covered by this prospectus from
us at the public offering price set forth in the relevant
prospectus supplement under delayed delivery contracts providing
for payment and delivery on the date or dates stated in the
relevant prospectus supplement. Each delayed delivery contract will
be for an amount not less than, and the aggregate principal amount
of securities sold pursuant to delayed delivery contracts shall be
not less nor more than, the respective amounts stated in the
applicable prospectus supplement. Institutions with whom delayed
delivery contracts, when authorized, may be made include commercial
and savings banks, insurance companies, pension funds, investment
companies, educational and charitable institutions, and other
institutions, but will in all cases be subject to our approval.
Delayed delivery contracts will not be subject to any conditions
except (i) the purchase by an institution of the securities covered
by its delayed delivery contracts may not at the time of delivery
be prohibited under the laws of any jurisdiction in the United
States to which the institution is subject, and (ii) if the
securities are being sold to underwriters, we will be required to
have sold to such underwriters the total principal amount of the
securities less the principal amount thereof covered by delayed
delivery contracts. The underwriters and any other agents will not
have any responsibility in respect of the validity or performance
of delayed delivery contracts.</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Other Relationships</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Underwriters,
dealers, agents and remarketing firms may engage in transactions
with, or perform services for, us and our affiliates in the
ordinary course of business. Unless we specify otherwise in the
related prospectus supplement, each class or series of securities
will be a new issue with no established trading market, other than
shares of our common stock, which are listed on the Nasdaq Global
Select Market. It is possible that one or more underwriters may
make a market in our securities, but will not be obligated to do so
and may discontinue any market making at any time without notice.
Therefore, no assurance can be given as to the liquidity of the
trading market for our securities.</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
<a name="_Toc30593839"><!--anchor--></a>LEGAL
MATTERS</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Certain
legal matters in connection with the securities offered hereby will
be passed upon for us by Davis Wright Tremaine LLP, Portland,
Oregon.</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
<a name="_Toc30593840">
<!--anchor--></a>EXPERTS</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px">
<font style="color: #222222; background-color: #FFFFFF; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
The financial statements of Willamette Valley Vineyards, Inc.
incorporated in this Registration Statement on Form S-3 by
reference from Willamette Valley Vineyard, Inc.&#x2019;s Annual
Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 have been
audited by Moss Adams LLP, an independent registered public
accounting firm, as stated in their report, which is incorporated
herein by reference. Such financial statements have been so
incorporated in reliance upon the report of such firm given upon
their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div id="pgbrk" style="width: 100%; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; margin-right: 0px">
<div id="ftr">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<br></div>
<div id="pn" style="text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">26</font></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: left; width: 100%; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
PART&#xA0;II</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 1px">
&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN THE PROSPECTUS</font></div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 1px">
</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="text-align: left; width: 100%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px auto 0px 0px;">
<tr style="background-color: #ffffff">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 8%;">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Item&#xA0;14.</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 92%;">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution</font></div>
</td>
</tr></table>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 1px">
&#xA0;</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 36px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">The
following table shows the costs and expenses payable in connection
with the sale and distribution of the securities being registered.
All amounts reflected below are estimated.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 1px">
&#xA0;</font></div>
<div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family:inherit;margin-right:0px;margin-left:0px;width:100%;font-size:inherit;">
<tr>
<td rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85%;">
<div style="padding-bottom:2px;margin-left:0px;"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:bottom;width:15%;">
<div><font style="text-align: left; padding-bottom:2px;width:10%;vertical-align:bottom;display:inline-block;">&#xA0;</font><font style="text-align: center; vertical-align:bottom;width:80%;border-bottom:solid 2px #000000;display:inline-block;">
<div><font style="font-weight:bold;font-size:13px;font-family:Times New Roman;color:#000000;">
Amount</font></div>
</font><font style="text-align: left; padding-bottom:2px;width:10%;vertical-align:bottom;display:inline-block;">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85%;">
<div style="margin-left:0px;"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td colspan="1" style="vertical-align:bottom;width:15%;">
<div><font style="text-align: left; vertical-align:bottom;width:10%;display:inline-block;">&#xA0;</font><font style="text-align: center; vertical-align:bottom;width:80%;display:inline-block;">
<div><font style="font-weight:bold;font-size:13px;font-family:Times New Roman;color:#000000;">
(In thousands)</font></div>
</font><font style="text-align: left; vertical-align:bottom;width:10%;display:inline-block;">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85%;">
<div style="margin-left:0px;"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:15%;">
<div><font style="text-align: left; vertical-align:bottom;width:10%;display:inline-block;">&#xA0;</font><font style="text-align: center; vertical-align:bottom;width:80%;display:inline-block;">
<div><font style="font-size:13px;font-family:Times New Roman;">&#xA0;</font></div>
</font><font style="text-align: left; vertical-align:bottom;width:10%;display:inline-block;">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr style="background-color:#cceeff;">
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85%;">
<div style="text-align: left; text-indent:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-left:0px;"><font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Securities
and Exchange Commission Registration Fee</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:15%;">
<div><font style="text-align: left; color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman;vertical-align:bottom;display:inline-block;width:10%;font-size:13px;">&#xA0;</font><font style="text-align: left; color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman;vertical-align:bottom;display:inline-block;width:5%;font-size:13px;">$</font><font style="text-align: right; color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman;vertical-align:bottom;display:inline-block;width:75%;font-size:13px;">2,596</font><font style="text-align: left; color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman;vertical-align:bottom;display:inline-block;width:10%;font-size:13px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr style="background-color:#ffffff;">
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85%;">
<div style="text-align: left; text-indent:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-left:0px;"><font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Accounting
Fees and Expenses</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:15%;">
<div><font style="text-align: left; color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman;vertical-align:bottom;display:inline-block;width:10%;font-size:13px;">&#xA0;</font><font style="text-align: left; color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman;vertical-align:bottom;display:inline-block;width:5%;font-size:13px;">&#xA0;</font><font style="text-align: right; color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman;vertical-align:bottom;display:inline-block;width:75%;font-size:13px;">10,000</font><font style="text-align: left; color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman;vertical-align:bottom;display:inline-block;width:10%;font-size:13px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr style="background-color:#cceeff;">
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85%;">
<div style="text-align: left; text-indent:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-left:0px;"><font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Legal
Fees and Expenses</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:15%;">
<div><font style="text-align: left; color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman;vertical-align:bottom;display:inline-block;width:10%;font-size:13px;">&#xA0;</font><font style="text-align: left; color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman;vertical-align:bottom;display:inline-block;width:5%;font-size:13px;">&#xA0;</font><font style="text-align: right; color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman;vertical-align:bottom;display:inline-block;width:75%;font-size:13px;">35,000</font><font style="text-align: left; color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman;vertical-align:bottom;display:inline-block;width:10%;font-size:13px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr style="background-color:#ffffff;">
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85%;">
<div style="text-align: left; text-indent:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-left:0px;"><font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Printing
Fees, Marketing and Expenses</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:15%;">
<div><font style="text-align: left; color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman;vertical-align:bottom;display:inline-block;width:10%;font-size:13px;">&#xA0;</font><font style="text-align: left; color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman;vertical-align:bottom;display:inline-block;width:5%;font-size:13px;">&#xA0;</font><font style="text-align: right; color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman;vertical-align:bottom;display:inline-block;width:75%;font-size:13px;">200,000</font><font style="text-align: left; color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman;vertical-align:bottom;display:inline-block;width:10%;font-size:13px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr style="background-color:#cceeff;">
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85%;">
<div style="text-align: left; text-indent:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-left:0px;"><font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Transfer
Agent Fees and Expenses</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:15%;">
<div><font style="text-align: left; color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman;vertical-align:bottom;display:inline-block;width:10%;font-size:13px;">&#xA0;</font><font style="text-align: left; color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman;vertical-align:bottom;display:inline-block;width:5%;font-size:13px;">&#xA0;</font><font style="text-align: right; color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman;vertical-align:bottom;display:inline-block;width:75%;font-size:13px;">20,000</font><font style="text-align: left; color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman;vertical-align:bottom;display:inline-block;width:10%;font-size:13px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr style="background-color:#ffffff;">
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85%;">
<div style="text-align: left; text-indent:0px;margin-right:0px;padding-bottom:2px;margin-left:0px;"><font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Miscellaneous</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:15%;">
<div><font style="text-align: left; color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman;vertical-align:bottom;display:inline-block;width:10%;padding-bottom:2px;font-size:13px;">&#xA0;</font><font style="text-align: left; color:#000000;border-bottom:solid 2px #000000;vertical-align:bottom;display:inline-block;width:5%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:13px;">&#xA0;</font><font style="text-align: right; color:#000000;border-bottom:solid 2px #000000;vertical-align:bottom;display:inline-block;width:75%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:13px;">10,000</font><font style="text-align: left; color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman;vertical-align:bottom;display:inline-block;width:10%;padding-bottom:2px;font-size:13px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr style="background-color:#cceeff;">
<td colspan="1" style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85%;">
<div style="margin-left:0px;"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:15%;">
<div><font style="text-align: left; vertical-align:bottom;width:10%;font-size:13px;font-family:Times New Roman;display:inline-block;">&#xA0;</font><font style="text-align: left; vertical-align:bottom;width:5%;font-size:13px;font-family:Times New Roman;display:inline-block;">&#xA0;</font><font style="text-align: right; vertical-align:bottom;width:75%;font-size:13px;font-family:Times New Roman;display:inline-block;">&#xA0;</font><font style="text-align: left; vertical-align:bottom;width:10%;font-size:13px;font-family:Times New Roman;display:inline-block;">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr style="background-color:#ffffff;">
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:85%;">
<div style="text-align: left; text-indent:0px;margin-right:0px;padding-bottom:4px;margin-left:0px;"><font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Total</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:15%;">
<div><font style="text-align: left; color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman;vertical-align:bottom;display:inline-block;width:10%;padding-bottom:4px;font-size:13px;">&#xA0;</font><font style="text-align: left; color:#000000;border-bottom:double 4px #000000;vertical-align:bottom;display:inline-block;width:5%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:13px;">$</font><font style="text-align: right; color:#000000;border-bottom:double 4px #000000;vertical-align:bottom;display:inline-block;width:75%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:13px;">277,596</font><font style="text-align: left; color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman;vertical-align:bottom;display:inline-block;width:10%;padding-bottom:4px;font-size:13px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
</tr></table>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 1px">
&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="text-align: left; width: 100%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px auto 0px 0px;">
<tr style="background-color: #ffffff">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 8%;">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Item&#xA0;15.</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 92%;">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Indemnification of Directors and Officers</font></div>
</td>
</tr></table>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 1px">
&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Sections 60.387 et
seq. of the Oregon Business Corporation Act, or the Act, authorize
and, in certain circumstances, require, a corporation&#x2019;s board
of directors to grant, indemnification to directors and officers on
terms sufficiently broad to permit indemnification under certain
circumstances for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of
1933. Our articles of incorporation and bylaws require us to
indemnify our directors and executive officers, our employees and
agents, and certain other persons, to the maximum extent permitted
under the Act. The directors and officers of the Company also may
be indemnified against liability they may incur for serving in such
capacity pursuant to a liability insurance policy we maintain for
such purpose. We also have entered into an indemnification
agreement with Mr. Bernau for a broad range of liabilities he may
incur in connection with the Company&#x2019;s
operations.</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="text-align: left; width: 100%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px auto 0px 0px;">
<tr style="background-color: #ffffff">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 8%;">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Item&#xA0;16.</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 92%;">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Exhibits</font></div>
</td>
</tr></table>
</div>
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font>
<div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 9%; border-bottom: 2px solid #000000">
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Exhibit</font></div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Number</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; border-bottom: 2px solid #000000">
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Description</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 9%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr style="background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 9%">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">1.1</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%">
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Underwriting
Agreement (to be filed by amendment)</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 9%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr style="background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 9%">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/838875/000119983516000671/exhibit_4-1.htm">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">4.1</font></a></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/838875/000119983516000671/exhibit_4-1.htm">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><br></font></a></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%">
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/838875/000119983516000671/exhibit_4-1.htm">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Amended
and Restated Certificate of Designation regarding the Series A
Redeemable Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference from the
Company&#x2019;s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on
March 16, 2016 [File No. 001-37610])</font></a></div>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 9%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr style="background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 9%">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">4.2</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%">
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Form of
Specimen Stock Certificate for Common Stock (incorporated by
reference from the Company&#x2019;s Regulation A Offering Statement
on Form 1-A [File No. 24S-2996])</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 9%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr style="background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 9%">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/838875/000119983515000578/exhibit_4-3.htm">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">4.3</font></a></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/838875/000119983515000578/exhibit_4-3.htm">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><br></font></a></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%">
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/838875/000119983515000578/exhibit_4-3.htm">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Form of
Specimen Stock Certificate for Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock
(incorporated by reference from the Company&#x2019;s registration
statement on Form S-3 filed with the SEC on December 22, 2015 [File
No. 333-208715])</font></a></div>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 9%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr style="background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 9%">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">4.4</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%">
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Form of
Preferred Stock Certificate and Form of Certificate of Designation
of Preferred Stock (to be filed by amendment)</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 9%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
</tr></table>
</div>
<div style="null"><font>&#xA0;</font></div>
<div id="pgbrk" style="width: 100%; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; margin-right: 0px">
<div id="ftr">
<div style="text-align: left; width: 100%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div id="pn" style="text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">27</font></div>
</div>
<div id="pb" style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 6px; page-break-after: always; width: 100%; height: 1px; background-color: #000000">
<!--page break line--></div>
<div id="hdr">
<div style="text-align: right; width: 100%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="null"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;<br></font></div>
<div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
<tr style="background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 9%">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">4.5</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%">
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Form of
Common Stock Warrant Agreement and Warrant Certificate (to be filed
by amendment)</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 9%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr style="background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 9%">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">4.6</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%">
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Form of
Preferred Sock Warrant Agreement and Warrant Certificate (to be
filed by amendment)</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 9%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr style="background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 9%">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/838875/000119983515000578/exhibit_4-7.htm">
<font style="vertical-align: bottom;">4.7</font></a></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/838875/000119983515000578/exhibit_4-7.htm">
<font style="vertical-align: bottom;"><br></font></a></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%">
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/838875/000119983515000578/exhibit_4-7.htm">
<font style="vertical-align: bottom;"><font style="vertical-align: bottom;"><font style="vertical-align: bottom;"><font style="vertical-align: bottom;">Form of Senior Debt Indenture between the
registrant and one or more trustees to be named (incorporated by
reference from the Company&#x2019;s registration statement on Form
S-3 filed with the SEC on December 22, 2015 [File No.
333-208715])</font></font></font></font></a></div>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 9%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr style="background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 9%">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/838875/000119983515000578/exhibit_4-8.htm">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">4.8</font></a></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/838875/000119983515000578/exhibit_4-8.htm">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><br></font></a></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%">
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/838875/000119983515000578/exhibit_4-8.htm">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Form of
Subordinated Debt Indenture between the registrant and one or more
trustees to be named (incorporated by reference from the
Company&#x2019;s registration statement on Form S-3 filed with the
SEC on December 22, 2015 [File No.
333-208715])</font></font></a></div>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 9%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr style="background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 9%">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">4.9</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%">
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Form of
Senior Note (to be filed by amendment)</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 9%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr style="background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 9%">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">4.10</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%">
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Form of
Subordinated Note (to be filed by amendment)</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 9%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr style="background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 9%">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">4.11</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%">
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Form of
Rights Agreement and Certificate (to be filed by
amendment)</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 9%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr style="background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 9%">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">4.12</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%">
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Form of
Unit Agreement (to be filed by amendment)</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 9%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr style="background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 9%">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px"><a href="exhibit_5-1.htm"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">5.1</font></a></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><a href="exhibit_5-1.htm"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><br></font></a></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%">
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px"><a href="exhibit_5-1.htm"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Opinion of Davis
Wright Tremaine LLP (filed herewith)</font></a></div>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 9%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr style="background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 9%">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px"><a href="exhibit_23-1.htm"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">23.1</font></a></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><a href="exhibit_23-1.htm"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><br></font></a></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%">
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px"><a href="exhibit_23-1.htm"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Consent of Moss
Adams LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (filed
herewith)</font></a></div>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 9%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr style="background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 9%">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px"><a href="exhibit_5-1.htm"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">23.2</font></a></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><a href="exhibit_5-1.htm"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><br></font></a></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%">
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px"><a href="exhibit_5-1.htm"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Consent of Davis
Wright Tremaine LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1)</font></a></div>
</td>
</tr></table>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font>
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 1px"><br>
</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="text-align: left; width: 100%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px auto 0px 0px;">
<tr style="background-color: #ffffff">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 8%;">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Item&#xA0;17.</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 92%;">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Undertakings.</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr style="background-color: #ffffff">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 8%;">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 92%;">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
</tr></table>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 0px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">(a)</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">The undersigned
registrant hereby undertakes:</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="display: table; margin-left: 48px">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="display: table-cell; width: 48px"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><font style="color: #000000">(1)</font><br></font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell"><font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">To
file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a
post-effective amendment to this registration
statement:</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 96px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 48px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">(i)</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">To
include any prospectus required by Section&#xA0;10(a)(3) of the
Securities Act of 1933;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 96px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">(ii)</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">To
reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the
effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent
post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the
aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set
forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing,
any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the
total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that
which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of
the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form
of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if,
in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more
than a 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth
in the &#x201C;Calculation of Registration Fee&#x201D; table in the
effective registration statement;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 96px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">(iii)</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">To
include any material information with respect to the plan of
distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement
or any material change to such information in the registration
statement;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 96px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><font style="text-decoration: underline">provided, however</font>, that
paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (a)(1)(ii) and (a)(1)(iii) above do not apply
if the registration statements is on Form S-3 and the information
required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those
paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the
Commission by the Registrant pursuant to Section&#xA0;13 or 15(d)
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by
reference in the registration statement, or is contained in a form
of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the
registration statement.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div id="pgbrk" style="width: 100%; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; margin-right: 0px">
<div id="ftr">
<div style="text-align: left; width: 100%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div id="pn" style="text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">28</font></div>
</div>
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<div id="hdr">
<div style="text-align: right; width: 100%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;<br>
</font></div>
<div style="display: table; margin-left: 48px">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="display: table-cell; width: 48px"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><font style="color: #000000">(2)</font>&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell"><font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">That,
for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities
Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to
be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered
therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be
deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="display: table; margin-left: 48px">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="display: table-cell; width: 48px"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">(3)&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell"><font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">To
remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any
of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the
termination of the offering.</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="display: table; margin-left: 48px">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="display: table-cell; width: 48px"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">(4)&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">That, for purposes
of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to
any purchaser:</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 144px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">(i)</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">If the undersigned
registrant is relying on 430B:</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 192px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">(a)</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Each prospectus
filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed
to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed
prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration
statement; and</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 192px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 24px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">(b)</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Each prospectus
required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7)
as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B
relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii),
or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by
section 10(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be
part of and included in the registration statement as of the
earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after
effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of
securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided
in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person
that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to
be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to
the securities in the registration statement to which that
prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that
time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration
statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement
or made in a document incorporate or deemed incorporated by
reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is
part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a
time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or
modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or
prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in
any such document immediately prior to such effective
date.</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 144px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">(ii)</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">If the undersigned
registrant is subject to Rule&#xA0;430C, each prospectus filed
pursuant to Rule 424(b) as part of a registration statement
relating to an offering, other than registration statements relying
on Rule&#xA0;430B or other than prospectuses filed in reliance on
Rule&#xA0;430A, shall be deemed to be a part of and included in the
registration statement as of the date it is first used after
effectiveness.&#xA0;<font style="font-style: italic">Provided</font>,<font style="font-style: italic">&#xA0;however</font>, that no statement made
in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the
registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed
incorporated by reference into the registration statement or
prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a
purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use,
supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration
statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement
or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of
first use.</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div id="pgbrk" style="width: 100%; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; margin-right: 0px">
<div id="ftr">
<div style="text-align: left; width: 100%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div id="pn" style="text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">29</font></div>
</div>
<div id="pb" style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 6px; page-break-after: always; width: 100%; height: 1px; background-color: #000000">
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<div id="hdr">
<div style="text-align: right; width: 100%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;<br>
</font></div>
<div style="display: table; margin-left: 48px">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="display: table-cell; width: 48px"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">(5)&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">That, for purposes
of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act
of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the
securities, the undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary
offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to
this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method
used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are
offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following
communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the
purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities
to such purchaser:</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 144px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">(i)</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Any preliminary
prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to
the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule
424;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 144px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">(ii)</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Any free writing
prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the
undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned
registrants;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 144px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">(iii)</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">The portion of any
other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing
material information about the undersigned registrant or its
securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant;
and</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 144px; display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">(iv)</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Any other
communication that is an offer in the offering made by the
undersigned registrant to the purchaser.</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="display: table;">
<div style="display: table-row;">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 48px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">(b)</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; margin-right: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">The undersigned
registrant hereby undertakes that, for the purposes of determining
any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the
registrant&#x2019;s annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or
Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where
applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan&#x2019;s annual
report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934) that is incorporated by reference in the registration
statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement
relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of
such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona
fide offering thereof.</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="display: table;">
<div style="display: table-row;">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 48px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">(c)</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; margin-right: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Insofar as
indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of
1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling
persons of the registrant pursuant to the provisions described
under Item&#xA0;15 above, or otherwise, the registrant has been
advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange
Commission such indemnification is against public policy as
expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and is, therefore,
unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification
against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant
of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling
person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action,
suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or
controlling person in connection with the securities being
registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its
counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent,
submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether
such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in
the Securities Act of 1933 and will be governed by the final
adjudication of such issue.</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">The
undersigned also hereby undertakes that:</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="display: table-cell; width: 48px"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">(a)<br></font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">For the purposes of
determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, the
information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of
this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and
contained in a form of prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant
to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall
be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time
it was declared effective.</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="display: table-cell; width: 48px"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">(b)<br></font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">For purposes of
determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each
post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall
be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the
securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at
that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering
thereof.</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="display: table">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="display: table-cell; width: 48px"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">(c)<br></font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">The undersigned
registrant hereby undertakes to file an application for the purpose
of determining the eligibility of the trustee to act under
subsection (a) of section 310 of the Trust Indenture Act
(&#x201C;Act&#x201D;) in accordance with the rules and regulations
prescribed by the Commission under section 305(b)(2) of the
Act.</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div id="pgbrk" style="width: 100%; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; margin-right: 0px">
<div id="ftr">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<br></div>
<div id="pn" style="text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">30</font></div>
</div>
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<!--page break--></div>
<div id="hdr">
<div style="text-align: left; width: 100%; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
SIGNATURES</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font>
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10"><br>
</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 36px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the
registrant has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed
on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in
Turner, Oregon, on this 24th day of January 2020.</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; margin-right:0px;width:100%;margin-left:0px;">
<tr>
<td rowspan="1" style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">
<div style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-size: 13px; font-family: Times New Roman">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 38%;">
<div><font style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Willamette Valley Vineyards, Inc.</font></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" style="width: 12%; vertical-align: top;">
<div style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-size: 13px; font-family: Times New Roman">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">
<div style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-size: 13px; font-family: Times New Roman">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="width: 3%; vertical-align: top;">
<div style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-size: 13px; font-family: Times New Roman">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="width: 35%; vertical-align: top;">
<div style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-size: 13px; font-family: Times New Roman">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="width: 12%; vertical-align: top;">
<div style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-size: 13px; font-family: Times New Roman">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 50%; border-bottom: medium solid rgb(255, 255, 255);">
<br></td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%; border-bottom: medium solid rgb(255, 255, 255);">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px"><font style="font-size: 13px; font-family: Times New Roman">By:&#xA0;&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 35%; border-bottom: 2px solid black; white-space: nowrap;">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px"><font style="font-size: 13px; font-family: Times New Roman"><font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">/s/
James W. Bernau</font></font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12%; border-bottom: medium solid rgb(255, 255, 255);">
<div style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-size: 13px; font-family: Times New Roman">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">
<div style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-size: 13px; font-family: Times New Roman">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="width: 3%; vertical-align: top;">
<div style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-size: 13px; font-family: Times New Roman"><font style="font-size: 13px; font-family: Times New Roman">Name:&#xA0;</font></font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 35%; white-space: nowrap;">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">James
W. Bernau</font></td>
<td style="width: 12%; vertical-align: top;">
<div style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-size: 13px; font-family: Times New Roman">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">
<div style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-size: 13px; font-family: Times New Roman">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="width: 3%; vertical-align: top;">
<div style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-size: 13px; font-family: Times New Roman"><font style="font-size: 13px; font-family: Times New Roman">Title:</font>&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="width: 35%; vertical-align: top;"><font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">President
&amp; Chief Executive Officer</font></td>
<td style="width: 12%; vertical-align: top;">
<div style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-size: 13px; font-family: Times New Roman">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
</tr></table>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">&#xA0;
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 1px"><br>
</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-weight: bold; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
POWER OF ATTORNEY</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 48px; margin-right: 0px;"><font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">KNOW
ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears
below constitutes and appoints each of James W. Bernau and John A.
Ferry as his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent,
with full power of substitution and resubstitution for him and in
his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities to sign any
and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this
registration statement (and to any registration statement filed
pursuant to Rule 462 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended),
and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other
documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange
Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full
power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing
requisite and necessary to be done, as fully to all intents and
purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and
confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents or their
substitutes, each acting alone, may lawfully do or cause to be done
by virtue hereof.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 48px; margin-right: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 48px; margin-right: 0px;"><font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this
Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in
the capacities indicated on January 24, 2020.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 39%; border-bottom: 2px solid #000000">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Signature</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 36%; border-bottom: 2px solid #000000">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Title</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 19%; border-bottom: 2px solid #000000">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Date</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 39%;">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 36%">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 19%">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 39%; border-bottom: 2px solid #000000">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
/s/ <font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">James
W. Bernau</font></font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 36%">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Chairperson of the Board, Chief</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 19%">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">January
24, 2020</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 39%">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
James W. Bernau</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 36%">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Executive Officer and President (Principal Executive
Officer)</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 19%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 39%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 36%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 19%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 39%; border-bottom: 2px solid #000000">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
/s/ <font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">John
A. Ferry</font></font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 36%">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Chief Financial Officer</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 19%">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">January
24, 2020</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 39%">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
John A. Ferry</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 36%">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 19%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 39%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 36%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 19%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 39%; border-bottom: 2px solid #000000">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
/s/ <font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Sean
M. Cary</font></font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 36%">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Director</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 19%">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">January
24, 2020</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 39%">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Sean M. Cary</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 36%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 19%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 39%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 36%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 19%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 39%; border-bottom: 2px solid #000000">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
/s/ <font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">James
L. Ellis</font></font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 36%">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Director</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 19%">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">January
24, 2020</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 39%">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
James L. Ellis</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 36%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 19%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 39%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 36%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 19%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 39%; border-bottom: 2px solid #000000">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
/s/ <font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Christopher
L. Sarles</font></font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 36%">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Director</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 19%">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">January
24, 2020</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 39%">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Christopher L. Sarles</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 36%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 19%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 39%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 36%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 19%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 39%; border-bottom: 2px solid #000000">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
/s/ <font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Craig
Smith</font></font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 36%">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Director</font></div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">
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<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">January
24, 2020</font></div>
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Craig Smith</font></div>
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<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
/s/ <font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Stan
G. Turel</font></font></div>
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Director</font></div>
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<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">January
24, 2020</font></div>
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Stan G. Turel</font></div>
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<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
/s/ <font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Leslie
Copland</font></font></div>
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Director</font></div>
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<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">January
24, 2020</font></div>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 39%">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">
Leslie Copland</font></div>
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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-5.1
<SEQUENCE>2
<FILENAME>exhibit_5-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>OPINION OF DAVIS WRIGHT TREMAINE LLP
<TEXT>
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<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11px">&#xA0;
<font style="font-weight: bold">EXHIBIT
5.1</font><br></font></div>
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<div><font><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">Suite
3300920</font></font></div>
<div><font><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">Fifth
Avenue</font></font></div>
<div><font><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">Seattle, WA&#xA0;
98104-1610<br></font></font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div><font><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">206.622.8150
tel</font></font></div>
<div><font><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">206.757.7700
fax</font></font></div>
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<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; margin-right: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">January
24, 2020</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
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<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; margin-right: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Willamette Valley
Vineyards, Inc.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">8800
Enchanted Way SE</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Turner,
OR 97392</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; margin-right: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="display: table;">
<div style="display: table-row;">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 36px;">
<font style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Re:</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; margin-right: 0px;"><font style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Willamette
Valley Vineyards, Inc. - Registration Statement on Form S-3 with
respect to an indeterminate amount of securities</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font>
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><br>
</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Ladies
and Gentlemen:</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font>
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><br>
</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">We have
acted as counsel to Willamette Valley Vineyards, Inc., an Oregon
corporation (the &#x201C;<font style="font-weight: bold">Company</font>&#x201D;), in connection with the
filing by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission
(the &#x201C;<font style="font-weight: bold">Commission</font>&#x201D;) of a Registration
Statement on Form S-3 (the &#x201C;<font style="font-weight: bold">Registration Statement</font>&#x201D;), as may
be amended pursuant to Rule 462(b) of the Securities Act of 1933,
as amended (the &#x201C;<font style="font-weight: bold">Securities
Act</font>&#x201D;), relating to the proposed offer and sale from
time to time pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of up to
$20,000,000 of the Company&#x2019;s securities, consisting of an
indeterminate amount of: (i) senior and subordinated debt
securities of the Company (the &#x201C;<font style="font-weight: bold">Debt Securities</font>&#x201D;) issued pursuant
to one or more indentures (each, an &#x201C;<font style="font-weight: bold">Indenture</font>&#x201D;), between the Company
and one or more financial institutions designated as
trustee,</font> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">(ii) shares of the
Company&#x2019;s preferred stock, no par value (the
&#x201C;<font style="font-weight: bold">Preferred
Stock</font>&#x201D;), (iii) warrants (the &#x201C;<font style="font-weight: bold">Warrants</font>&#x201D;) to purchase Common
Stock, Preferred Stock and/or Debt Securities, issued pursuant to
one or more warrant agreements (each, a &#x201C;<font style="font-weight: bold">Warrant Agreement</font>&#x201D;) between the
Company and a warrant agent to be selected by the Company prior to
the issuance of the applicable Warrants, (iv) shares of the
Company&#x2019;s common stock, no par value (the &#x201C;<font style="font-weight: bold">Common Stock</font>&#x201D;), (v) rights (the
&#x201C;<font style="font-weight: bold">Rights</font>&#x201D;) to
purchase Common Stock, Preferred Stock and/or Debt Securities, and
(vi) units (the &#x201C;<font style="font-weight: bold">Units</font>&#x201D;) comprised of one or more
shares of Common Stock, shares of Preferred Stock, Debt Securities,
Warrants and/or Rights. The Debt Securities, Preferred Stock,
Common Stock, Warrants, Rights and Units are hereinafter referred
to as the &#x201C;<font style="font-weight: bold">Securities</font>.&#x201D; The Registration
Statement will be supplemented from time to time by one or more
prospectus supplements.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">I.</font><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">We have
assumed the authenticity of all records, documents and instruments
submitted to us as originals, the genuineness of all signatures,
the legal capacity of natural persons and the conformity to the
originals of all records, documents and instruments submitted to us
as copies. We have based our opinion upon our review of the
following records, documents, instruments and certificates and such
additional certificates relating to factual matters as we have
deemed necessary or appropriate for our opinion:</font></div>
<br>

<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px"><img src="dwt-footer.jpg">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;"><br>
</font></div>
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<div style="text-align: right; width: 100%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: right; width: 100%">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">WILLAMETTE VALLEY
VINEYARDS, INC.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">January
24, 2020</font></div>
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<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Page
2</font></div>
&#xA0; <font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11px"><br></font></div>
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<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font>

<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><br>
</font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table;">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">(a)</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">The Registration
Statement;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 468px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font>
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><br>
</font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table;">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">(b)</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">The Articles of
Incorporation (including all amendments thereto) of the Company
filed with the Oregon Secretary of State, and certified to us by an
officer of the Company as being complete and in full force and
effect as of the date of this opinion;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 468px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table;">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">(c)</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">A Certificate of
Existence relating to the Company issued by the Oregon Secretary of
State, dated January 21, 2020;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 468px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font>
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><br>
</font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table;">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">(d)</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">The Amended and
Restated Bylaws of the Company dated effective November 19, 2015,
certified to us by an officer of the Company as being complete and
in full force and effect as of the date of this
opinion;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 468px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font>
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><br>
</font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table;">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">(e)</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Resolutions of the
Company&#x2019;s board of directors certified to us by an officer of
the Company as constituting all records of proceedings and actions
of the board of directors of the Company relating to the issuance
of the Securities by the Company, the preparation and filing of the
Registration Statement and related matters; and</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 468px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font>
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><br>
</font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table;">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">(f)</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">A certificate of an
officer of the Company dated January 24, 2020, relating to certain
factual matters.</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">We
have also assumed (i) the Registration Statement, and any
amendments thereto, will have become effective; (ii) a prospectus
supplement will have been prepared and filed with the Commission
describing the Securities offered thereby; (iii) all Securitieswill
be issued and sold in compliance with the applicable provisions of
the Securities Act, the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended,
and the securities or blue sky laws of various states and in the
manner stated in the Registration Statement and the applicable
prospectus supplement; (iv) the Company will have taken all
necessary corporate action to approve the issuance and terms of the
Securities; (v) at the time of any offering of Common Stock or
Preferred Stock, that the Company will have such numberof shares of
Common Stock or Preferred Stock, as set forth in such offering or
sale, authorized and available for issuance; (vi) all Securities
issuable upon conversion, exchange, settlement or exercise of any
Securities being offered will have been duly authorized, created
and, if appropriate, reserved for issuance upon such conversion,
exchange, settlement or exercise; (vii) that either Oregon or New
York law will be chosen to govern the Indentures, the Warrant
Agreements, and any agreements providing for or governing the
Rights or the Units and that such choice is a valid and legal
provision; (viii) the Indentures, Warrant Agreements or other
agreements with respect to the Securities as described in the
Registration Statement and the applicable prospectus supplement,
and as filed as an exhibit to or incorporated by reference
in</font> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">the Registration
Statement, will have been duly authorized, executed and delivered
by the parties thereto; and (ix) as appropriate, the Securities
will have been duly executed and authenticated in accordance with
the applicable agreement or Indenture.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div id="pgbrk" style="width: 100%; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; margin-right: 0px">
<div id="ftr">
<div style="text-align: left; width: 100%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</div>
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<div id="hdr">
<div style="text-align: right; width: 100%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: right; width: 100%">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">WILLAMETTE VALLEY
VINEYARDS, INC.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">January
24, 2020</font></div>
<div id="pn" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Page
3<br></font></div>
&#xA0; <font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11px"><br></font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">II.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font>
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><br>
</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">This
opinion is limited to the laws of the State of Oregon and the laws
of the State of New York, and we disclaim any opinion as to the
laws of any other jurisdiction. We express no opinion regarding the
Securities Act or any federal laws or regulations or any
&#x201C;Blue Sky&#x201D; securities laws of any state. We express no
opinion as to the applicable choice of law rules that may affect
the interpretation or enforcement of the Securities. We further
disclaim any opinion as to any statute, rule, regulation,
ordinance, order or other promulgation of any regional or local
governmental body or as to any related judicial or administrative
opinion. Moreover, to the extent that the opinions rendered herein
are affected by the laws of any jurisdiction other than the laws of
the State of Oregon and the laws of the State of New York, we have
assumed, with your permission, that the laws of such jurisdictions
are identical to the laws of the State of Oregon.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font>
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><br>
</font></div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">III.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font>
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><br>
</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Based
upon the foregoing and our examination of such questions of law as
we have deemed necessary or appropriate for the purpose of our
opinion, and subject to the limitations and qualifications
expressed herein, it is our opinion that:</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font>
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><br>
</font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table;">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 72px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">(a)</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">with respect to any
Debt Securities offered under the Registration Statement (the
&#x201C;Offered Debt Securities&#x201D;), when (i) the applicable
Indenture, in substantially the form filed as an exhibit to the
Registration Statement, has been duly authorized, executed and
delivered by each party thereto, (ii) the trustee named in the
applicable Indenture is qualified to act as trustee under such
Indenture, (iii) the applicable Indenture has been duly qualified
under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, and (iv) the
Offered Debt Securities have been duly authorized, executed, issued
and delivered in accordance with the terms of the applicable
Indenture or any supplemental indenture thereto, the Offered Debt
Securities (including any Offered Debt Securities duly issued upon
exercise of any Warrants), when sold and after receipt of payment
therefor, will constitute valid and binding obligations of the
Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their
terms, subject, as to enforcement, (i) to bankruptcy, insolvency,
reorganization, arrangement, moratorium and other laws of general
applicability relating to or affecting creditors&#x2019; rights, and
(ii) to general principles of equity (including without limitation
standards of materiality, good faith, fair dealing and
reasonableness), whether such enforceability is considered in a
proceeding in equity or at law;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;<br>
</font></div>
<br>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div id="pgbrk" style="width: 100%; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; margin-right: 0px">
<div id="ftr">
<div style="text-align: left; width: 100%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</div>
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<div id="hdr">
<div style="text-align: right; width: 100%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: right; width: 100%">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">WILLAMETTE VALLEY
VINEYARDS, INC.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">January
24, 2020</font></div>
<div id="pn" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Page
4<br></font></div>
&#xA0; <font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11px"><br></font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="display: table; margin-left: 48px;">
<div style="display: table-row;">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 72px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">(b)</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; margin-right: 0px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">with
respect to any Warrants offered under the Registration Statement
(the &#x201C;Offered Warrants&#x201D;), when (i) the Common Stock
and/or Debt Securities relating to such Offered Warrants have been
duly authorized for issuance, (ii) the applicable Warrant
Agreement, has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by each
party thereto, and (iii) the Offered Warrants have been duly
authorized, executed anddelivered in accordance with the terms of
the applicable Warrant Agreement and the applicable underwriting or
other agreement, the Offered Warrants, when sold and after receipt
of payment therefor, will constitute valid and binding obligations
of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with
their terms, subject, as to enforcement, (i) to bankruptcy,
insolvency, reorganization, arrangement, moratorium and other laws
of general applicability relating to or affecting creditors&#x2019;
rights, and (ii) to general principles of equity (including without
limitation standards of materiality, good faith, fair dealing and
reasonableness), whether such enforceability is considered in a
proceeding in equity or at law;</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font>
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><br>
</font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table;">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 72px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">(c)</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">the Preferred
Stock, when sold and after receipt of payment therefor, and the
Common Stock, when sold and after receipt of payment therefor or
when issued upon conversion of any of the Debt Securities or upon
the exercise of any Warrants, will be validly issued, fully paid
and non-assessable; and</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 468px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table;">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 72px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">(d)</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">with respect to any
Rights and any Units offered under the Registration Statement, when
the applicable agreement providing for such Rights or Units, as
applicable, has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by
each party thereto, such Rights or Units, when sold and after the
receipt of payment therefor, will constitute valid and binding
obligations of the Company.</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font>
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10"><br>
</font></div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">IV.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font>
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><br>
</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">We
further advise you that:</font></div>
<div><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font>
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10"><br>
</font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table;">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">A.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">As noted, the
enforceability of the Debt Securities and the Warrants is subject
to the effect of general principles of equity. These principles
include, without limitation, concepts of commercial reasonableness,
materiality and good faith and fair dealing. As applied to the
Securities, these principles will require the parties thereto to
act reasonably, in good faith and in a manner that is not arbitrary
or capricious in the administration and enforcement of the
Securities and will preclude the parties thereto from invoking
penalties for defaults that bear no reasonable relation to the
damage suffered or that would otherwise work a
forfeiture.</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
<br>
<div id="pgbrk" style="width: 100%; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; margin-right: 0px">
<div id="ftr">
<div style="text-align: left; width: 100%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11px">&#xA0;</font></div>
</div>
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<div id="hdr">
<div style="text-align: right; width: 100%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: right; width: 100%">
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">WILLAMETTE VALLEY
VINEYARDS, INC.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">January
24, 2020</font></div>
<div id="pn" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Page
5<br></font></div>
&#xA0; <font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11px"><br></font></div>
</div>
</div>
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">&#xA0;</font><br>
<div style="display: table; margin-left: 48px;">
<div style="display: table-row;">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 48px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">B.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; margin-right: 0px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">If any
Indenture or Warrant Agreement is governed by New York law, the
enforceability of the applicable Debt Securities and/or Warrants
will be subject to the effects of (i) Section 1-102 of the New York
Uniform Commercial Code (the &#x201C;<font style="font-weight: bold">New York UCC</font>&#x201D;), which provides
that obligations of good faith, diligence, reasonableness and care
prescribed by the New York UCC may not be disclaimed by agreement,
although the parties may by agreement determine the standards by
which the performance of such obligations is to be measured if
those standards are not manifestly unreasonable, (ii) Section 1-203
of the New York UCC, which imposes an obligation of good faith in
the performance or enforcement of a contract and (iii) legal
principles under which a court may refuse to enforce, or may limit
the enforcement of, a contract or any clause of a contract that a
court finds as a matter of law to have been unconscionable at the
time it was made.</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font>
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><br>
</font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table;">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">C.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">The effectiveness
of indemnities, rights of contribution, exculpatory provisions,
choice of venue provisions, waivers of jury trial and waivers of
the benefits of statutory provisions may be limited on public
policy grounds.</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 468px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font>
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><br>
</font></div>
<div style="margin-left: 48px; display: table;">
<div style="display: table-row">
<div style="text-align: left; display: table-cell; width: 48px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">D.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; display: table-cell"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Provisions of the
Securities requiring that waivers must be in writing may not be
binding or enforceable if a non-executory oral agreement has been
created modifying any such provision or an implied agreement by
trade practice or course of conduct has given rise to a
waiver.</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font>
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><br>
</font></div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">V.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font>
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><br>
</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 48px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">We
hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the
Registration Statement and to the reference to this firm under the
heading &#x201C;Legal Matters&#x201D; in the prospectus or any
supplement thereto constituting a part of the Registration
Statement. In giving such consent, we do not thereby admit that we
are within the category of persons whose consent is required under
Section 7 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations
thereunder.</font></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font>
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><br>
</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Very
truly yours,</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10">&#xA0;</font>
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px"><br>
</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">/s/
Davis Wright Tremaine LLP</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px;">&#xA0;</font></div>
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Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting
Firm</font></div>
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<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">We
consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration
Statement Form&#xA0;S-3 of our report dated March 21, 2019,
relating to the financial statements of Willamette Valley
Vineyards, Inc. as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and for the years
then ended, which report appears in the Annual Report on Form 10-K
of Willamette Valley Vineyards, Inc. for the year ended December
31, 2018, and to the reference to our firm under the caption
&#x201C;Experts&#x201D; in the Prospectus, which is part of this
Registration Statement.</font></div>
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<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">/s/
Moss Adams LLP</font></div>
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<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">Portland,
Oregon</font></div>
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<font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13px">January
24, 2020</font></div>
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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
