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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)
x | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
| For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023
| or
o | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
| For the transition period from _________________ to _______________________

Commission file number: 000-21522
WILLAMETTE VALLEY VINEYARDS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Oregon | 93-0981021
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
8800 Enchanted Way, S.E. Turner, OR 97392
(Address of principal executive offices)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (503) 588-9463

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock |  | WVVI |  | NASDAQ Capital Market
Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock |  | WVVIP |  | NASDAQ Capital Market

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None (Title of class)
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act: Yes o No x
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act: Yes o No x

1

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days: Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files): Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

Large accelerated filer o Accelerated filer o Non-accelerated filer x Smaller reporting company x

o Emerging growth company

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. o

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. o

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act): Yes o No x

The aggregate market value of common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2023 was approximately $26,000,949.

The number of outstanding shares of the registrant’s common stock as of March 26, 2024 was 4,964,529.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
None

2

WILLAMETTE VALLEY VINEYARDS, INC.

FORM 10-K

TABLE OF CONTENTS

|  | PAGE
| PART I |
Item 1 | Business | 4
Item 1A | Risk Factors | 14
Item 1B | Unresolved Staff Comments | 19
Item 2 | Properties | 19
Item 3 | Legal Proceedings | 20
Item 4 | Mine Safety Disclosures | 20
| PART II |
Item 5 | Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities | 20
Item 6 | Selected Financial Data | 21
Item 7 | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 21
Item 7A | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 29
Item 8 | Financial Statements and Supplementary Data | 30
Item 9 | Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure | 49
Item 9A | Controls and Procedures | 49
Item 9B | Other Information | 49
Item 9C | Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections | 49
| PART III |
Item 10 | Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance | 50
Item 11 | Executive Compensation | 52
Item 12 | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters | 54
Item 13 | Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence | 55
Item 14 | Principal Accounting Fees and Services | 56
Item 15 | Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules | 57

3

WILLAMETTE VALLEY VINEYARDS, INC.
FORM 10-K

As used in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, “we,” “us,” “our” “WVVI” and “the Company” refer to Willamette Valley Vineyards, Inc.

Cautionary Note on Forward Looking Statements

This Annual Report on Form 10-K, including any information incorporated by reference, contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, referred to as the “Securities Act”, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, referred to as the “Exchange Act”. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that are based on current expectations, estimates and projections about the Company’s business, and beliefs and assumptions made by management. Words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates”, “predicts,” “potential,” “should,” or “will” or the negative thereof and variations of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. Therefore, actual outcomes and results may differ materially from what is expressed or forecasted in such forward-looking statements due to numerous factors, including, but not limited to: availability of financing for growth, availability of adequate supply of high quality grapes, successful performance of internal operations, impact of competition, changes in wine broker or distributor relations or performance, impact of possible adverse weather conditions, impact of reduction in grape quality or supply due to disease or smoke from forest fires and changes in consumer spending. In addition, such statements could be affected by general industry and market conditions and growth rates, and general domestic economic conditions.

Many of these risks as well as other risks that may have a material adverse impact on our operations and business, are identified in Item 1A “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We urge you to carefully review the disclosures we make concerning risks and other factors that may affect our business and operations. The forward-looking statements in this report are made as of the date hereof, and, except as otherwise required by law, the Company disclaims any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements or to update the reasons why the actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

PART I

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

Business

Introduction – The Company was incorporated in May 1988 to produce and sell premium, super premium and ultra-premium varietals. The Company was originally established as a sole proprietorship by Oregon winegrower Jim Bernau in 1983. The Company is headquartered in Turner, Oregon, which is just south of the state capitol of Salem, Oregon. The Company’s wines are made from grapes grown in vineyards owned, leased or contracted by the Company, and from grapes purchased from other vineyards. The grapes are harvested, fermented and made into wine primarily at the Company’s winery in Turner, Oregon (the “Estate Winery” or “Winery”) and the wines are sold principally under the Company’s Willamette Valley Vineyards label, but also under the Domaine Willamette, Griffin Creek, Tualatin Estate, Pambrun, Maison Bleue, Natoma, Metis, Pere Ami and Elton labels. The Company also owns the Tualatin Estate Vineyards and Winery, located near Forest Grove, Oregon (the “Tualatin Winery”).

Segments – The Company has identified two operating segments: direct sales and distributor sales, based upon their different distribution channels, margins and selling strategies. Direct sales include retail sales in the tasting rooms, wine club sales, online sales, on-site events, kitchen and catering sales and other sales made directly to the consumer without the use of an intermediary. Distributor sales include all sales through a third party where prices are given at a wholesale rate.

Products – Under its Willamette Valley Vineyards label, the Company produces and sells the following types of wine in 750 ml bottles: Pinot Noir, the brand’s flagship and its largest selling varietal, $30 to $120 per bottle; Chardonnay, $28 to $60 per bottle; Pinot Gris, $24 per bottle; Pinot Blanc, $30 per bottle; Sauvignon Blanc, $35 per bottle; Gruner Veltliner, $39 per bottle; Rose, $27 to $32 per bottle; Brut, $75 per bottle; Brut Rose, $75 per bottle; and Riesling, $19 per bottle (all bottle prices included herein are the suggested retail prices). The Company’s mission for this brand is to become the premier producer of Pinot Noir in the Pacific Northwest.

4

Under its Domaine Willamette label, the Company produces and sells the following types of wine in 750 ml bottles: Brut, $75 per bottle; Brut Rose, $75 per bottle; and Blanc de Blancs, $115 per bottle. This brand’s mission is to be the highest quality producer of Sparkling Wines in Oregon.

Under its Tualatin Estate Vineyards label, the Company currently produces and sells 750 ml bottles of Semi-Sparkling Muscat, $28 per bottle.

Under its Griffin Creek label, the Company produces and sells the following types of wine in 750 ml bottles: Syrah, the brand’s flagship, $59 per bottle; Merlot, $55 per bottle; Cabernet Sauvignon, $59 per bottle; Grenache, $59 per bottle; Cabernet Franc, $59 per bottle; Tempranillo, $59 per bottle; Malbec, $59 per bottle; The Griffin (a Bordeaux style blend), $69 per bottle; and Viognier, $39 per bottle. This brand’s mission is to be the highest quality producer of Bordeaux and Rhone varietals in Southern Oregon.

Under its Elton label, the Company produces and sells the following types of wine in 750 ml bottles: Pinot Noir, $79 per bottle; and Chardonnay, $79 per bottle.

Under its Pambrun label, the Company produces and sells the following types of wine in 750 ml bottles: Chrysologue, $70 per bottle; Merlot, $65 per bottle; and Cabernet Sauvignon, $75 per bottle.

Under its Maison Bleue label, the Company produces and sells the following types of wine in 750 ml bottles: Frontiere Syrah, $75 per bottle; Graviére Syrah, $70 per bottle; Voyageur Syrah, $58 per bottle; Bourgeois Grenache, $55 per bottle; Voltigeur Viognier, $45 per bottle; and Lisette Rose, $34 per bottle.

The Company holds U.S. federal and/or Oregon state trademark registrations for the trademarks material to the business, including but not limited to: Willamette, Willamette Valley Vineyards, WVV, Domaine Willamette, Willamette Whiskey, Willamette+, Whole Cluster, Give Your Whole Heart with Willamette Whole Cluster, Daedalus Cellars, Elton, Griffin, Griffin Creek, Ingram Estate, It’s Willamette, Dammit!, Jory Claim, Pambrun, Pambrun Cross Logo, SIP. SAVE., Made in Oregon Cellars, Heart Vine, Camp Willamette, Natoma, Salem Hills, Oregon Blossom, Oregon’s Landmark Winery, Oregon’s Nog, Club Willamette, Eagle’s Clutch, Kayak, W and Circle Design and W Willamette Valley Vineyards and Circle Design, Fuller, Maison Bleue Winery, Métis, Willamette Wineworks, Tualatin Estate, Tualatin, Natoma, Côte du Bleue and Père Ami.

Market overview – The United States wine industry has seen a rapid increase in wineries established nationwide. The United States wine industry added 400 new wineries in 2022, a 3% increase from 2021, according to Wine Analytics Report. From 2009 to 2021, the number of U.S. wineries grew from 6,357 to 11,053, according to Statista, and consequently the wine industry can be considered one of the fastest-growing segments in agriculture. According to Wine Business Monthly’s February 2024 report, the number of US active wineries in 2023 stood at 11,620, showing a 1% decrease compared to the peak in 2022. The total retail value of wine sales has increased from $26.3 billion in 2000 to $78.4 billion in 2021, according to Statista. Additionally, 1.1 billion gallons of wine were consumed in 2021, an increase of 413 million from 2005 (Statista).

This growth rate has recently slowed and according to Silicon Valley Bank’s 2024 annual report premium wineries faced a challenging landscape in 2023. According to this report, while the value of premium wine continued to grow, volume sales were anticipated to finish lower for the year. Additionally, direct-to-consumer volume and value sales declined and tasting room visitation dropped for the second consecutive year and consumer demand for the overall wine category continued its decline, with fewer U.S. consumers opting for wine and choosing alternatives such as ready-to-drink beverages, spirits, cannabis, or abstaining altogether.

A 2023 study conducted by the Wine Market Council of 1,500 U.S. consumers identified a significant downward trend in wine consumption attributed to a general reduction in alcohol consumption, primarily for health reasons. Previously considered a “healthy” option on the Healthy Eating Pyramid, alcohol consumption is now cautioned against by organizations like the World Health Organization.

5

Overall, we believe the industry is expected to stabilize in 2024 around the current levels. However, of concern, consumption growth is mainly amongst those over 60 years old, with the most significant growth area among 70-80-year-olds. Consequently, we believe future positive sales and growth will depend on the industry targeting younger consumers. According to the State of the Wine Industry 2023 by Rob McMillan, younger wine consumers are not limited by cost; instead, they seek something enticing to draw them in to learn more about wine, including but not limited to health, sustainability, social values, and transparent labeling,

The Company’s Board of Directors and management believe the winery’s focus on integrity in winemaking, small scale, storied estate vineyards, environmental stewardship, support for community needs and participatory wine experiences are reflective of the values of a number of prospective, developing wine enthusiasts.

The Oregon wine industry – Oregon is a relatively new wine-producing region in comparison to California and France. In 1966, there were only two commercial wineries licensed in Oregon. According to the Oregon Vineyard and Winery Report produced by University of Oregon’s Institute for Policy Research and Engagement (“UOIPRE”) in 2022, the most recent year such data is available, the overall number of wineries increased from 1,058 to 1,116 with the biggest increases coming from the Willamette Valley, which added 38. Planted acres of wine grape vineyards increased by 2,588 acres from 41,899 to 44,487, an increase of 6%, 40,774 acres of which were harvested. Oregon wine grapes produced a 2022 crop with a total value of $330 million, an increase of 22% from 2021. Pinot Noir leads all varieties accounting for 71% of planted acreage and 67% of production. According to UOIPRE, Oregon case sales in 2022 were 5.7 million, an 8% increase from 2021.

Because of climate, soil and other growing conditions, we believe the Willamette Valley in western Oregon is ideally suited to growing superior quality Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, Pinot Gris and Riesling wine grapes. Some of Oregon’s Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris and Chardonnay wines have developed outstanding reputations, winning numerous national and international awards.

However, Oregon has certain disadvantages as a wine-producing region. Oregon’s wines are lesser known to consumers worldwide, and the total wine production of Oregon wineries is small relative to California and French competitors. Greater worldwide label recognition and larger production levels give Oregon’s competitors certain financial, marketing, distribution, and unit cost advantages.

Furthermore, Oregon’s Willamette Valley has an unpredictable rainfall pattern in early autumn. If significantly above-average rains occur just prior to the autumn grape harvest, the quality of harvested grapes is often materially diminished, thereby affecting that year’s wine quality.

Finally, phylloxera, an aphid-like insect that feeds on the roots of grapevines, has been found in several commercial vineyards in Oregon. Contrary to the California experience, most Oregon phylloxera infestations have expanded very slowly and have done only minimal damage. Nevertheless, phylloxera does constitute a significant risk to Oregon vineyards. Prior to the discovery of phylloxera in Oregon, all vine plantings in the Company’s Estate Vineyard, in Turner, Oregon, were with non-resistant rootstock. In 1997, the Company purchased Tualatin Vineyards at the Tualatin Winery, which has phylloxera at its site. All current plantings are with, and all future planting will be with, phylloxera-resistant rootstock at that location. The Company takes commercially reasonable precautions in an effort to prevent the spread of phylloxera to other vineyards.

6

As a result of these factors, subject to the risks and uncertainties identified in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the Company believes that long-term prospects for growth in the Oregon wine industry are good. The Company believes that over the next several years, the Oregon wine industry will grow at a faster rate than the overall domestic wine industry, and that much of this growth will favor producers of premium, super premium and ultra-premium wines such as the Company’s Estate, Elton, Domaine Willamette, Pambrun, Maison Bleue and Griffin Creek brands.

Company Strategy

The Company, one of the largest wine producers in Oregon by volume, believes its success is dependent upon its ability to: (1) grow and purchase high quality vinifera wine grapes; (2) vinify the grapes into premium, super premium and ultra-premium wine; (3) achieve significant brand recognition for its wines, first in Oregon and then nationally and internationally; (4) effectively distribute and sell its products nationally; and (5) continue to build on its base of direct to consumer sales. The Company’s goal is to continue to build on a reputation for producing some of Oregon’s finest, most sought-after wines.

Based upon several highly regarded surveys of the U.S. wine industry, the Company believes that successful wineries exhibit the following four key attributes: (i) focus on production of high-quality premium, super premium and ultra-premium varietal wines; (ii) achieve brand positioning that supports high bottle prices for its high quality wines; (iii) build brand recognition; and (iv) develop strong marketing advantages (such as a highly visible winery locations, successful support of distribution, and life-long customer service programs).

To successfully execute this strategy, the Company has assembled a team of accomplished winemaking professionals and has constructed and equipped the Estate Winery into a 12,784 square foot winery that includes a 12,500 square foot outdoor production area for the harvesting, pressing and fermentation of wine grapes.

The Company’s marketing and selling strategy is to sell its premium, super premium and ultra-premium cork-finished-wine through a combination of direct sales at the Company’s wineries, tasting room and restaurant locations in Oregon, Washington and California and sales through independent distributors and wine brokers who market the Company’s wine in specific targeted areas.

To remain competitive in the premium, super premium and ultra-premium market, the Company has embarked on a brand expansion project including developing a brand and winery in the Walla Walla American Viticultural Area (“AVA”) under the names Pambrun, Maison Bleue and Metis. This future winery is expected to produce small vintages of Cabernet Sauvignon and other Bordeaux-varietals, under the Pambrun brand, and Syrah and other Rhone-varietals, under the Maison Bleue brand, to compete in the ultra-premium wine market. The Company has released wines under the Pambrun label beginning with the 2015 vintage year and Maison Bleue label beginning with the 2016 vintage. Additionally, the Company has developed a single vineyard brand near Hopewell, Oregon adjacent to the current site of Elton Vineyards to produce wine under the Elton label. This brand produces primarily Pinot Noir and Chardonnay, also for sale in the ultra-premium space. The Company has released wines under the Elton label beginning with the 2015 vintage year. In 2020, the Company opened a microwinery featuring wine tasting and a custom blending experience under the name Willamette Wineworks, in historic Folsom, California, and began selling wine under the brand name Natoma. In 2022, the Company opened a sparkling wine facility and tasting room called Domaine Willamette, at Bernau Estate that features the Company’s sparkling wines, as well as its other reserve wines, and its biodynamic farming practices.

7

Vineyards

The Company owns and leases approximately 1,018 acres of land, of which 801 acres are either currently planted as vineyards or are suitable for future vineyard planting. The vineyards the Company owns and leases are all certified sustainable by LIVE (Low Input Viticulture and Enology) and Salmon Safe. At full production, the Company anticipates these vineyards would enable the Company to grow approximately 73% of the grapes needed to meet the winery’s current production capacity of 654,000 gallons (275,000 cases) at its Estate Winery.

The following table summarizes the Company’s acreage:

|  | ACRES |  | TONS
Vineyard Name |  | Total |  | Producing |  | Pre-Production |  | Plantable |  | Non-Plantable |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Owned Vineyards |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
WVV Estate |  |  | 107 |  |  |  | 69 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 38 |  |  |  | 216 |  |  |  | 206 |
Tualatin Estate Vineyard |  |  | 107 |  |  |  | 61 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 46 |  |  |  | 190 |  |  |  | 279 |
Ingram Vineyard |  |  | 86 |  |  |  | 63 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 23 |  |  |  | 178 |  |  |  | 364 |
Pambrun Vineyard |  |  | 87 |  |  |  | 20 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 30 |  |  |  | 37 |  |  |  | 45 |  |  |  | 49 |
Loeza Vineyard |  |  | 62 |  |  |  | 20 |  |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | 23 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 133 |  |  |  | 104 |
Louisa Vineyard |  |  | 53 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 25 |  |  |  | 28 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Maison Bleue Vineyard |  |  | 37 |  |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 19 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 37 |  |  |  | 45 |
Bernau Estate |  |  | 20 |  |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | 68 |  |  |  | 33 |
Dayton Vineyard |  |  | 40 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | 19 |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Lafayette Vineyard |  |  | 36 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 36 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Jory Claim Vineyard |  |  | 69 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 23 |  |  |  | 42 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Sub-Total |  |  | 704 |  |  |  | 261 |  |  |  | 53 |  |  |  | 194 |  |  |  | 196 |  |  |  | 867 |  |  |  | 1,080 |
Leased Vineyards |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Peter Michael Vineyard |  |  | 79 |  |  |  | 69 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | 264 |  |  |  | 461 |
Meadowview Vineyard |  |  | 49 |  |  |  | 49 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 167 |  |  |  | 307 |
Elton Vineyard |  |  | 59 |  |  |  | 54 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 187 |  |  |  | 198 |
Ingram Vineyard |  |  | 110 |  |  |  | 93 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 17 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 286 |  |  |  | 463 |
Bernau Estate |  |  | 17 |  |  |  | 9 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Sub-Total |  |  | 314 |  |  |  | 274 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 19 |  |  |  | 21 |  |  |  | 904 |  |  |  | 1,429 |
Contracted Vineyards* |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Various |  |  | 605 |  |  |  | 605 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,421 |  |  |  | 1,307 |
Total |  |  | 1,623 |  |  |  | 1,140 |  |  |  | 53 |  |  |  | 213 |  |  |  | 217 |  |  |  | 4,192 |  |  |  | 3,816 |

| * | Contracted acreage is estimated

WVV Estate – Established in 1983, the Company’s Estate Vineyard (the “Estate Vineyard”) is located at the Winery location south of Salem, near Turner, Oregon. The Estate Vineyard uses an elaborate trellis design known as the Geneva Double Curtain. The Company has incurred the additional expense of constructing this trellis because it doubles the number of canes upon which grape clusters grow and spreads these canes for additional solar exposure and air circulation. Research and practical applications of this trellis design indicate that it should improve grape quality through smaller clusters and berries over traditional designs.

Tualatin Estate Vineyard – Established in 1973 at the Tualatin Winery location near Forest Grove, Oregon, the Company’s Tualatin Estate Vineyards is one of the oldest vineyards in Oregon. It was purchased by the Company in 1997. A series of sale-leaseback transactions split the property into two additional vineyards, and the Company continues to lease and manage the Peter Michael Vineyard and Meadowview Vineyard, located adjacent to the Tualatin Vineyard.

Ingram Estate and Elton Vineyard – In 2008, the Company purchased 86 acres near Hopewell, Oregon, for vineyard plantings. Adjacent to the purchased land is an additional 110 leased acres, also for vineyard development. The Company believes the site is ideally situated to grow premium Pinot Noir. The Ingram site is also adjacent to Elton Vineyards, where the Company leases 54 acres of established vineyards.

Pambrun Vineyards – In 2015, the Company purchased 42 acres in the Walla Walla AVA near the town of Milton-Freewater, Oregon. Additionally, the Company purchased an additional 45 adjoining acres in 2017. The Company believes this site is ideal to grow Cabernet Sauvignon and other Bordeaux-varietals. Wines produced from this vineyard are sold under the Pambrun label.

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Loeza Vineyard – The Company purchased 62 acres near Gaston, Oregon in 2014, for vineyard plantings, and believes the site is ideally situated to grow premium Pinot Gris and Pinot Noir. The site is close to Tualatin Vineyards which allows the Company to leverage existing crews for vineyard development and operations.

Louisa Vineyard – The Company purchased 53 acres in the Ribbon Ridge sub-AVA in 2016 for vineyard plantings and believes the site is suitable for growing ultra-premium Pinot Noir.

Maison Bleue Vineyard – The Company purchased approximately 37 acres in the new Rocks District of Milton-Freewater appellation near Milton-Freewater, Oregon in 2016. Grapes from this vineyard go to the Maison Bleue label.

Bernau Estate – The Company purchased approximately 17 acres in Dundee, Oregon in January 2017 comprised of 13 acres of producing Pinot Noir. Additionally, the Company added three acres through a lot line adjustment to add to the parcel. The Company leases 17 adjoining acres.

Dayton Vineyard – The Company purchased 40 acres in Dayton, Oregon in December 2016. The Company intends to plant vineyards at this location.

Lafayette Vineyard – The Company purchased 36 acres in Lafayette, Oregon in January 2018. The Company intends to plant vineyards at this location.

Jory Claim Vineyard – The Company purchased 69 acres south of Salem, Oregon in 2019. The Company intends to plant vineyards at this location.

Grape Vines

Beginning in 1997, the Company embarked on a major effort to improve the quality of its flagship varietal by planting Pinot Noir clones that originated directly from the cool climate growing region of Burgundy rather than the previous source of Napa, California, where winemakers believe the variety adapted to the warmer climate over the many years it was grown there.

These new French clones are called “Dijon clones” after the University of Dijon in Burgundy, which assisted in their selection and shipment to a U.S. government authorized quarantine site, and then two years later to Oregon winegrowers. The most desirable of these new Pinot Noir clones are numbered 113, 114, 115, 667, 777 and 943. In addition to certain flavor advantages, these clones ripen up to two weeks earlier, allowing growers to pick before heavy autumn rains. Heavy rains can dilute concentrated fruit flavors and promote bunch rot and spoilage. These Pinot Noir clones were planted at the Tualatin Vineyards with phylloxera-resistant rootstock and the 667 and 777 clones have been grafted onto seven acres of self-rooted, non-phylloxera-resistant vines at the Company’s Estate Vineyard.

In 2023, crop yields were roughly 14% below the 10-year average and the Company’s producing acres yielded approximately 867 tons of grapes.

The Company fulfills its remaining grape needs by purchasing grapes from other nearby vineyards at competitive prices. In 2023, the Company purchased an additional 2,421 tons of grapes from other growers. The Company cannot grow enough grapes to meet anticipated production needs, and therefore contracts grape purchases to make up the difference. Contracted grape purchases are considered an important component of the Company’s long-term growth and risk-management plan. The Company believes high quality grapes will be available for purchase in sufficient quantity to meet the Company’s requirements. Additionally, the Company will continue to evaluate opportunities to plant more acres and purchase properties for future vineyards.

Management believes that the grapes grown on the Company’s vineyards establish a foundation of quality through the Company’s farming practices, upon which the quality of the Company’s wines is built. Wine produced from grapes grown in the Company’s own vineyards may be labeled as “Estate Bottled” wines. These wines traditionally sell at a premium over non-estate bottled wines.

Viticultural Conditions

Oregon’s Willamette Valley is recognized as a premier location for growing certain varieties of high-quality wine grapes, particularly Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris, Chardonnay and Riesling. The Company believes that the Estate Vineyard’s growing conditions, including its soil, elevation, slope, rainfall, evening marine breezes and solar orientation are among the most ideal conditions in the United States for growing certain varieties of high-quality wine grapes. The Estate Vineyard’s grape growing conditions compare favorably to those found in some of the famous Viticultural regions of France. Western Oregon’s latitude (42o–46o North) and relationship to the eastern edge of a major ocean is very similar to certain centuries-old wine grape growing regions of France, such as Burgundy.

In the Willamette Valley, permanent vineyard irrigation is generally not required. The average annual rainfall provides sufficient moisture to avoid the need to irrigate. However, if the need should arise, the Company’s Estate property contains one water well which can sustain sufficient volume to meet the needs of the Winery and to provide auxiliary water to the WVV Estate Vineyard for new plantings and unusual drought conditions. At the Tualatin Vineyard, the Company has water rights to a year-round spring that feeds an irrigation pond. The Company also has water rights at each of the Pambrun and Maison Bleue Vineyards.

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Susceptibility of vineyards to disease – The Tualatin Estate Vineyard and the adjacent leased vineyards are known to be infested with phylloxera, an aphid-like insect, which can destroy vines.

It is not possible to estimate any range of loss that may be incurred due to the phylloxera infestation of the Company’s vineyards. The phylloxera at Tualatin Vineyard is believed to have been introduced on the roots of the vines first planted on the property in the southern-most section Gewurztraminer in 1971 that the Company partially removed in 2004. The remaining vines, and all others infested, remain productive at low crop levels. The Company is in the process of gradually replacing infested areas with new, phylloxera-resistant vines.

Winery

Wine production facility – The Company’s Estate Winery and production facilities are capable of efficiently producing up to 275,000 cases (654,000 gallons) of wine per year, depending on the type of wine produced. In 2023, the Winery produced approximately 234,086 cases (556,700 gallons) of wine, primarily from its 2021 and 2022 harvest.

The Winery is 12,784 square feet in size and contains areas for processing, fermenting, aging and bottling wine, as well as an underground wine cellar and administrative offices. There is a 12,500 square foot outside production area for harvesting, pressing and fermenting wine grapes. The Company also has a 23,000 square foot storage building to store its inventory of bottled product with a capacity of approximately 135,000 cases of wine. The production area is equipped with a settling tank and sprinkler system for disposing of wastewater from the production process in compliance with environmental regulations.

In addition to the production capacity discussed above, the Tualatin Winery has 20,000 square feet of production capacity. This adds approximately 28,000 cases (66,000 gallons) of wine production capacity to the Company. The capacity at the Tualatin Winery is available to the Company to meet any anticipated future production needs. The Company also stores and ages product at the Domaine Willamette Winery location in Dundee, Oregon.

Mortgages on properties – The Company’s winery facilities at the Estate Winery are subject to two mortgages with an aggregate principal balance of $4,565,710 at December 31, 2023. The two outstanding loans require aggregate monthly principal and interest payments of $62,067 for the life of the loans, at annual fixed interest rates of 4.75% and 5.21%, and with maturity dates of 2028 and 2032, respectively.

Wine production – The Company operates on the principle that winemaking is a natural, but highly technical, process requiring the attention and dedication of the winemaking staff. The Company’s Winery is equipped with current technical innovations and uses modern equipment and software to monitor the progress of each wine through all stages of the winemaking process.

The Company’s historical annual grape harvest and wine production from 2005 to 2023 is as follows:

|  | Tons of |  |  | Tons of |  |  | Total Tons |  |  | Gallons of |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Harvest |  | Grapes |  |  | Grapes |  |  | of Grapes |  |  | Bulk |  |  | Production |  |  | Cases |
Year |  | Grown |  |  | Purchased |  |  | Harvested |  |  | Purchases |  |  | Year |  |  | Produced |
2005 |  |  | 1,107 |  |  |  | 25 |  |  |  | 1,132 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 2005 |  |  |  | 72,297 |
2006 |  |  | 1,454 |  |  |  | 34 |  |  |  | 1,488 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 2006 |  |  |  | 81,081 |
2007 |  |  | 850 |  |  |  | 896 |  |  |  | 1,746 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 2007 |  |  |  | 115,466 |
2008 |  |  | 551 |  |  |  | 874 |  |  |  | 1,425 |  |  |  | 57,736 |  |  |  | 2008 |  |  |  | 121,027 |
2009 |  |  | 1,033 |  |  |  | 1,100 |  |  |  | 2,133 |  |  |  | 74,954 |  |  |  | 2009 |  |  |  | 132,072 |
2010 |  |  | 674 |  |  |  | 371 |  |  |  | 1,045 |  |  |  | 4,276 |  |  |  | 2010 |  |  |  | 110,224 |
2011 |  |  | 718 |  |  |  | 609 |  |  |  | 1,327 |  |  |  | 9,620 |  |  |  | 2011 |  |  |  | 81,357 |
2012 |  |  | 658 |  |  |  | 670 |  |  |  | 1,328 |  |  |  | 7,910 |  |  |  | 2012 |  |  |  | 91,181 |
2013 |  |  | 755 |  |  |  | 1,020 |  |  |  | 1,775 |  |  |  | 6,257 |  |  |  | 2013 |  |  |  | 95,638 |
2014 |  |  | 1,211 |  |  |  | 970 |  |  |  | 2,181 |  |  |  | 520 |  |  |  | 2014 |  |  |  | 108,958 |
2015 |  |  | 1,266 |  |  |  | 1,012 |  |  |  | 2,278 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 2015 |  |  |  | 120,794 |
2016 |  |  | 921 |  |  |  | 1,052 |  |  |  | 1,973 |  |  |  | 47,780 |  |  |  | 2016 |  |  |  | 141,416 |
2017 |  |  | 1,631 |  |  |  | 1,622 |  |  |  | 3,253 |  |  |  | 15,900 |  |  |  | 2017 |  |  |  | 151,332 |
2018 |  |  | 1,501 |  |  |  | 1,063 |  |  |  | 2,564 |  |  |  | 800 |  |  |  | 2018 |  |  |  | 164,590 |
2019 |  |  | 1,572 |  |  |  | 1,046 |  |  |  | 2,618 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 2019 |  |  |  | 172,869 |
2020 |  |  | 1,031 |  |  |  | 1,470 |  |  |  | 2,501 |  |  |  | 13,173 |  |  |  | 2020 |  |  |  | 175,357 |
2021 |  |  | 1,550 |  |  |  | 1,522 |  |  |  | 3,072 |  |  |  | 6,643 |  |  |  | 2021 |  |  |  | 206,954 |
2022 |  |  | 2,509 |  |  |  | 1,307 |  |  |  | 3,816 |  |  |  | 22,000 |  |  |  | 2022 |  |  |  | 186,792 |
2023 |  |  | 1,771 |  |  |  | 2,421 |  |  |  | 4,192 |  |  |  | 11,236 |  |  |  | 2023 |  |  |  | 234,086 |

Cases produced per ton harvested vary between years mainly due to the timing of when the cases are produced.

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Sales and Distribution

Marketing strategy – The Company markets and sells its wines through a combination of direct sales at the retail locations, directly through mailing lists, and through distributors and wine brokers. As the Company has increased production volumes and achieved greater brand recognition, sales to out of state markets have increased, both in terms of absolute dollars and as a percentage of total Company sales.

The Company uses a variety of marketing channels to generate interest in its wines. The Company has a highly functional website, and maintains social media sites. The Company controls a database of customers for email and direct promotions. The Company continues to submit its wines to competitions and state, regional and national media for editorials and ratings.

Direct sales – The Estate Winery is located on a visible hill adjacent to Oregon’s major north-south freeway (Interstate 5), approximately 2 miles south of the state’s second-largest metropolitan area (Salem), and 50 miles in either direction from the state’s first and third-largest metropolitan areas (Portland and Eugene). We believe the unique location along Interstate 5 has resulted in a greater amount of wines sold at the Estate Winery as compared to the Oregon industry standard. Direct sales from the Winery are a vital sales channel and an effective means of product promotion. The Estate Winery’s Tasting Room is open daily and offers wine tasting and education by trained personnel. The Company offers by-appointment private tours offering a behind-the-scenes look at the production process of the wines. The Company has one of the largest wine club memberships in Oregon.

In September 2022, the Company opened a new sparkling winery, the Domaine Willamette Winery, located adjacent to Highway 99 in Dundee, Oregon, approximately 30 miles southwest of Portland, the state’s largest metropolitan area, and 25 miles northwest of Salem, the state’s second-largest metropolitan area. We believe the location of the Domaine Willamette Winery along Highway 99 in Dundee provides an ideal location for direct wine sales and wine tourism. Domaine Willamette Winery’s Tasting Room is open for wine tasting, restaurant service and education by trained personnel. It features méthode traditionelle sparkling wines and a wine club. The Company offers by-appointment private tours, giving a behind-the-scenes look at sparkling wine production. Domaine Willamette Winery’s biodynamic garden is another attraction for visitors.

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In 2014, the Company launched daily food pairings to accompany its wines. Led by the Winery Chef, the menu highlights Pacific Northwest inspired dishes paired with the Company’s wines. The culinary offering has now expanded to include “Pairings Wine Dinners,” which are community-style wine dinners hosted regularly throughout each month. In 2019, the Company added a new experience offered throughout the week called Pairings Exploration that features four wines paired with four small bites to educate guests on food and wine pairing. In December 2021, the Company debuted a Pinot Noir Clonal Blending experience giving guests the ability to be a winemaker for a day by crafting their own custom blends from barrel.

The Winery has developed a Winery Ambassador program, which connects its “Ambassadors” with customers throughout the United States and offers personalized wine recommendations and easy ordering by phone or email. The Company sells its wine through its own e-commerce website and direct ships where permissible.

The Company also operates eight additional tasting rooms at the following locations: (i) historic downtown McMinnville, Oregon; (ii) at its Tualatin Vineyard, Oregon; (iii) Lake Oswego, Oregon; (iv) Happy Valley, Oregon; (v) downtown Walla Walla, Washington; (vi) Vancouver, Washington; (vii) Folsom, California, and (viii) Bend, Oregon.

The Company holds various festivals and events at its locations throughout the year. Numerous private events, charitable and political events are also held at Company locations.

Direct sales produce a higher profit margin because the Company can sell its wine directly to consumers at retail prices, rather than to distributors at free-on-board prices. Sales made directly to consumers at retail prices result in an increased profit margin equal to the difference between retail prices and distributor prices. For 2023 and 2022, direct sales contributed approximately 52.4% and 46.4% of the Company’s net sales, respectively.

Distributors and wine brokers – The Company uses both independent distributors and wine brokers, primarily to market the Company’s wines in specific targeted areas. Only those distributors and wine brokers who have demonstrated knowledge of and a proven ability to market premium, super premium, and ultra-premium wines are utilized. The Company’s products are distributed in 49 states and the District of Columbia, and there are three non-domestic (export) customers. For 2023 and 2022, sales to distributors and wine brokers contributed approximately 47.6% and 53.6% of the Company’s revenue from operations, respectively.

Tourists – Oregon wineries are a popular tourist destination with many bed & breakfasts, motels and fine dining restaurants available. The Willamette Valley, Oregon’s leading wine region has approximately 69% of the state’s wineries and vineyards, is home to approximately 1,016 wineries. An additional advantage for Willamette Valley wine tourism is the proximity of the wineries to Portland (Oregon’s largest city and most popular destination). From Portland, tourists can visit the Willamette Valley winery of their choice in anywhere from a 45 minute to a two-hour drive.

The Company believes the locations of the Estate Winery next to Interstate 5, and the Domaine Willamette Winery next to Highway 99W, significantly increase direct sales opportunities to consumers. The Company believes these locations provide high visibility for the Company to passing motorists, enhancing recognition of the Company’s products in retail outlets and restaurants. These wineries are each an approximately 45-minute drive from Portland, the state’s largest metropolitan area.

Dependence on Major Customers

Historically, the Company’s revenue has been derived from thousands of customers annually. In 2023, sales to one distributor represented approximately 14.5% of total Company revenue. In 2022, sales to one distributor represented approximately 17.5% of total Company revenue.

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Competition

The wine industry is highly competitive. In a broad sense, wines may be considered to compete with all alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages. Within the wine industry, the Company believes that its principal competitors include wineries in Oregon, California, and Washington, which, like the Company, produce premium, super premium, and ultra-premium wines. Wine production in the United States is dominated by large California wineries that have significantly greater financial, production, distribution, and marketing resources than the Company. Currently, no Oregon winery dominates the Oregon wine market. There are several Oregon wineries that are older, better established and have greater label recognition than that of the Company.

The Company believes that the principal competitive factors in the premium, super premium, and ultra-premium segment of the wine industry are product quality, price, label recognition, and product supply. The Company believes it competes favorably with respect to each of these factors. The Company has primarily received “Excellent” to “Recommended” reviews in tastings of its wines and believes its prices are competitive with other Oregon wineries. Larger scale production is necessary to satisfy retailers’ and restaurants’ demand and the Company believes that additional production capacity will be needed to meet estimated future demand. Furthermore, the Company believes that its estimated aggregate production capacity of 720,000 gallons (303,000 cases) per year at its Estate and Tualatin locations give it significant competitive advantages over most Oregon wineries in areas such as marketing, distribution arrangements, grape purchasing, and access to financing. The current production level of most Oregon wineries is generally much smaller than the estimated production capacity level of the Company’s Wineries. With respect to label recognition, the Company believes that its unique structure as a publicly owned company will give it a significant advantage in gaining market share in Oregon, as well as penetrating other wine markets.

Governmental Regulation of the Wine Industry

The production and sale of wine is subject to extensive regulation by the U.S. Department of the Treasury, Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (the “TTB”) and the Oregon Liquor and Cannabis Commission (the “OLCC”). The Company is licensed by and meets the bonding requirements of each of these governmental agencies. Sale of the Company’s wine is subject to federal alcohol tax, payable at the time wine is removed from the bonded area of a winery for shipment to customers or for sale in its tasting room.

In December 2017, the federal government passed comprehensive tax legislation which included the Craft Beverage Modernization and Tax Reform Act. This legislation modified federal alcohol tax rates by expanding the lower $1.07 per gallon tax rate to wines up to 16.0% alcohol content with wines containing higher alcohol levels being taxed at $1.57 per gallon. Additionally, the legislation provides for a $1 credit per gallon for the first 30,000 gallons produced; $0.90 for the next 100,000 gallons; and then $0.535 for up to 750,000 gallons. These modifications were effective January 2020 and have since been made permanent.

The Company also pays the state of Oregon an excise tax of $0.67 per gallon for wines with alcohol content at or below 14.0% and $0.77 per gallon for wines with alcohol content above 14.0% on all wine sold in Oregon. In addition, most states in which the Company’s wines are sold impose varying excise taxes on the sale of alcoholic beverages. As an agricultural processor, the Company is also regulated by the Oregon Department of Agriculture and, as a producer of wastewater, by the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality. The Company has secured all necessary permits to operate its business.

Prompted by growing government budget shortfalls and public reaction against alcohol abuse, government entities often consider legislation that could potentially affect the taxation of alcoholic beverages. Excise tax rates being considered are often substantial. The ultimate effects of such legislation, if passed, cannot be assessed accurately. Any increase in the taxes imposed on table wines can be expected to have a potentially adverse impact on overall sales of such products. However, the impact may not be proportionate to that experienced by producers of other alcoholic beverages and may not be the same in every state.

Costs and Effects of Compliance with Local, State and Federal Environmental Laws

The Company management is strongly focused on environmental stewardship and maintains a variety of policies and processes designed to protect the environment, the public and consumers of its wine. Although much of the Company’s expenses for protecting the environment are voluntary, the Company is regulated by various local, state and federal agencies regarding environmental laws. However, these regulatory costs and processes are effectively integrated into the Company’s regular operations and consequently, do not generally cause significant alternative processes or costs.

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Employees

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had approximately 223 full-time employees and 123 part-time, or “on call” employees. In addition, the Company hires additional employees for seasonal work as required. The Company’s employees are not represented by any collective bargaining unit. The Company believes it maintains positive relations with its employees.

Additional Information

The Company files Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and proxy statements with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The SEC maintains an internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers, including the Company, that file electronically with the SEC at www.sec.gov. You may learn more about the Company by visiting the Company’s website at www.wvv.com. All of the reports we file with the SEC are available from this website. All websites referred to herein are inactive textual references only, meaning that the information contained in such websites is not incorporated by reference herein.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

The following disclosures should be read in conjunction with Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. These disclosures are intended to discuss certain material risks of the Company’s business as they appear to management at this time, however, this list is not exhaustive. Other risks may, and likely will, arise from time to time.

Agricultural risks could adversely affect the Company

Winemaking and grape growing are subject to a variety of agricultural risks. Various diseases, pests, fungi, viruses, including Grapevine Red Blotch Disease (“GRBV”), drought, frost and certain other weather conditions can affect the quantity of grapes available to the Company, decreasing the supply of the Company’s products and negatively impacting profitability. In particular, certain of the Company’s vines are not resistant to phylloxera; accordingly, those vines are particularly at risk to the effects from an infestation of phylloxera. Phylloxera is a pest that attacks the rootstocks of wine grape plants. Vineyards in the United States, including some in Oregon and some owned by us, have been infested with phylloxera. In particular, Tualatin Estate Vineyards have phylloxera. There can be no assurance that the Company’s existing vineyards, or the rootstocks the Company is now using in its planting programs, will not become susceptible to current or new strains of phylloxera or that the phylloxera present at the Tualatin Vineyards will not spread to our other vineyards. Pierce’s Disease is a vine bacterial disease. It kills grapevines and there is no known cure. Small insects called Sharpshooters spread this disease. A new strain of the Sharpshooter was discovered in Southern California and is believed to be migrating north. The Company is actively supporting the efforts of the agricultural industry to control this pest and is making every reasonable effort to prevent an infestation in its own vineyards. The Company cannot, however, guarantee that it will succeed in preventing contamination in its vineyards. Additionally, any future government restrictions created in connection with government attempts to combat phylloxera, GRBV or other pests or viruses may increase vineyard costs and/or reduce production.

Our operations are susceptible to changing weather patterns and other environmental factors

Over the past several years, changing weather patterns and climatic conditions have added to the unpredictability and frequency of natural disasters, such as hailstorms, wildfires and wind, snow and ice storms. Any such extreme weather condition could negatively impact the harvest of grapes at our vineyards and/or the other vineyards that supply us with grapes for our wine. Oregon’s Willamette Valley has an unpredictable rainfall pattern, particularly in early autumn. If significantly above-average rains occur just prior to the autumn grape harvest, the quality of harvested grapes is often materially diminished, thereby affecting that year’s wine quality.

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Additionally, long-term changes in weather patterns could adversely affect the Company, especially if such changes impacted the amount or quality of grapes harvested. We cannot anticipate changes in weather patterns/conditions, and we cannot predict their impact on our operations if they were to occur.

As weather patterns evolve, the Company’s vineyards, and contracted vineyards have become susceptible to potential smoke damage as a result of wildfires within the region. In extreme events, smoke can produce effects on grapes that make them unusable in the production of wine. The Company cannot predict smoke events, or the potential impact if such events were to occur.

We may not be able to economically insure certain risks

The Company maintains insurance policies to cover certain risks. However not all risks can be insured, or insured economically, and there may be gaps in coverage that could expose the Company to liability should an event occur. Additionally, we cannot be certain that coverage levels are adequate or that all of our insurers will be financially viable if we make a claim.

Loss of key employees could harm the Company’s reputation and business

The Company’s success depends to some degree upon the continued service of a number of key employees. The loss of the services of one or more of these key employees, including James W. Bernau, our President and Chief Executive Officer and John Ferry, our Chief Financial Officer could harm the Company and its reputation and negatively impact its profitability, particularly if one or more of the Company’s key employees resigns to join a competitor or to form a competing company.

The Company’s ability to operate requires adequate funding

The Company’s cash flow from operations historically has not been sufficient to provide all funds necessary for the Company’s operations. The Company has entered into a line of credit agreement to provide such funds and entered into term loan arrangements. There is no assurance that the Company will be able to comply with all conditions under its credit facilities in the future or that the amount available under its line of credit facility or capital raises will be adequate for the Company’s future needs. Failure to comply with all conditions of the credit facilities, or to have sufficient funds for operations could adversely affect the Company’s results of operations and stockholder value.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company’s outstanding long-term debt was approximately $7.6 million, with $2.7 million drawn under its short-term line of credit. Additionally, the Company had notes payable to private parties of approximately $1.1 million as of December 31, 2023.

Costs of being a publicly-held company may put the Company at a competitive disadvantage

As a public company, the Company incurs substantial costs that are not incurred by its competitors that are privately-held. These compliance costs may result in the Company’s wines being more expensive than those produced by its competitors and/or may reduce profitability compared to such competitors.

The Company faces significant competition which could adversely affect profitability

The wine industry is intensely competitive and highly fragmented. The Company’s wines compete in several premium wine market segments with many other premium domestic and foreign wines, with imported wines coming from the Burgundy and Bordeaux regions of France, as well as Italy, Chile, Argentina, South Africa, New Zealand and Australia. The Company’s wines also compete with popular generic wines and with other alcoholic and, to a lesser degree, non-alcoholic beverages, for shelf space in retail stores and for marketing focus by the Company’s independent distributors, many of which carry extensive brand portfolios. One result of this intense competition has been upward pressure on the Company’s selling and promotional expenses. In addition, the wine industry has experienced significant consolidation. Many of the Company’s competitors have greater financial, technical, marketing, and public relations resources than the Company does. In particular, wine production in the United States is dominated by large California wineries that have significantly greater resources than the Company. Additionally, greater worldwide label recognition and larger production levels give many of the Company’s competitors certain unit cost advantages. Company sales may be harmed to the extent it is not able to compete successfully against such wine or alternative beverage producers’ costs. There can be no assurance that in the future the Company will be able to successfully compete with its current competitors or that it will not face greater competition from other wineries and beverage manufacturers.

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The Willamette Valley AVA value may be eroded by out of state competition who use it inappropriately or as fanciful marketing

Wine grape growing regions in the United States are divided into AVA) by the United States Department of the Treasury’s TTB, based on distinguishable geographic features. The Oregon wine industry has historically embraced higher standards for wine production than those established by the federal government and other states. As a result, wines from Oregon AVA’s, and specifically the Willamette Valley AVA, have achieved recognition for their quality when compared against other wines in their class. As a result, these Oregon wines are often sold at a higher price point than wines not produced in Oregon. Because of this recognition, out of state competitors have inappropriately used Oregon AVAs on bottles and packaging, claiming its use as fanciful marketing. Such use, inappropriate or otherwise, could have a dilutive effect on the prestige of Oregon AVAs and ultimately the prices that can be charged for wines from Oregon AVAs as a result of reduced competitor quality and/or pricing.

The Company competes for shelf space in retail stores and for marketing focus by its independent distributors, most of whom carry extensive product portfolios

Nationwide, the Company sells its products primarily through independent distributors and brokers for resale to retail outlets, restaurants, hotels, and private clubs across the United States and in some overseas markets. Sales to distributors are expected to continue to represent a substantial portion of the Company’s net revenue in the future. A change in the relationship with any of the Company’s significant distributors could harm the Company’s business and reduce Company sales. The laws and regulations of several states prohibit changes of distributors, except under certain limited circumstances, making it difficult to terminate a distributor for poor performance without reasonable cause, as defined by applicable statutes. Any difficulty or inability to replace distributors, poor performance of the Company’s major distributors or the Company’s inability to collect accounts receivable from its major distributors could harm the Company’s business. There can be no assurance that the distributors and retailers the Company uses will continue to purchase the Company’s products or provide Company products with adequate levels of promotional support. Consolidation at the retail tier, among club and chain grocery stores in particular, can be expected to heighten competitive pressure to increase marketing and sales spending or constrain or reduce prices.

Loss of the “Willamette Valley Vineyards” or “Willamette” trademarks could adversely affect the Company’s distinction within the AVA

The Company has long held the federal trademarks “Willamette Valley Vineyards” and “Willamette”, as used in its wine brands. While it is lawful for wine producers meeting the federal and state requirements to list the “Willamette Valley” AVA source of their wine grapes and wine on their labels, packaging and advertising materials, the Company has enforced its trademarks on any unauthorized use as a wine brand.

Fluctuations in quantity and quality of grape supply could adversely affect the Company

A shortage in the supply of quality grapes may result from a variety of factors that determine the quality and quantity of the Company’s grape supply, including weather conditions, pruning methods, diseases and pests, the ability to buy grapes on long and short term contracts and the number of vines producing grapes. Any shortage in the Company’s grape production could cause a reduction in the amount of wine the Company is able to produce, which could reduce sales and adversely impact the Company’s results from operations. Factors that reduce the quantity of the Company’s grapes may also reduce their quality, which in turn could reduce the quality or amount of wine the Company produces. Deterioration in the quality of the Company’s wines could harm its brand name and could reduce sales and adversely impact the Company’s results of operations.

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Contamination of the Company’s wines would harm the Company’s business

The Company is subject to certain hazards and product liability risks, such as potential contamination, through tampering or otherwise, of ingredients or products. Contamination of any of the Company’s wines could cause it to destroy its wine held in inventory and could cause the need for a product recall, which could significantly damage the Company’s reputation for product quality. The Company maintains insurance against certain of these kinds of risks, and others, under various insurance policies. However, the insurance may not be adequate or may not continue to be available at a price or on terms that are satisfactory to the Company and this insurance may not be adequate to cover any resulting liability.

A reduction in consumer demand for premium wines could harm the Company’s business

There have been periods in the past in which there were substantial declines in the overall per capita consumption of beverage alcohol products in the United States and other markets in which the Company participates. A limited or general decline in consumption in one or more of the Company’s product categories could occur in the future due to a variety of factors, including: a general decline in economic conditions; increased concern about the health consequences of consuming alcoholic beverage products and about drinking and driving; a trend toward a healthier diet including lighter, lower calorie beverages such as diet soft drinks, juices and water products; the increased activity of anti-alcohol consumer groups; and increased federal, state or foreign excise and other taxes on beverage alcohol products. The competitive position of the Company’s products could also be affected adversely by any failure to achieve consistent, reliable quality in the product or service levels to customers.

Changes in consumer spending could have a negative impact on the Company’s financial condition and business results

Wine sales depend upon a number of factors related to the level of consumer spending, including the general state of the economy, federal and state income tax rates, deductibility of business entertainment expenses under federal and state tax laws, and consumer confidence in future economic conditions. Changes in consumer spending in these and other regions can affect both the quantity and the price of wines that customers are willing to purchase at restaurants or through retail outlets. Reduced consumer confidence and spending may result in reduced demand for the Company’s products, limitations on the Company’s ability to increase prices and increased levels of selling and promotional expenses. This, in turn, may have a considerable negative impact upon the Company’s sales and profit margins.

Increased regulation and/or taxation could adversely affect the Company

The wine industry is subject to extensive regulation by the TTB and various foreign agencies, state liquor authorities (such as the OLCC) and local authorities. These regulations and laws dictate such matters as licensing requirements, trade, and pricing practices, permitted distribution channels, permitted and required labeling, and advertising and relations with wholesalers and retailers. Any expansion of the Company’s existing facilities or development of new vineyards or wineries may be limited by present and future zoning ordinances, environmental restrictions, and other legal requirements. In addition, new regulations or requirements or increases in excise taxes, income taxes, property and sales taxes or international tariffs, could negatively affect the Company’s financial condition or results of operations. Recently, many states have considered proposals to increase, and some of these states have increased, state alcohol excise taxes. Additionally, many states have revised, or are revising, statutes that broaden the definition of nexus to increase tax revenue from out of state businesses.

New or revised regulations, or increased licensing fees, requirements or taxes could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations. There can be no assurance that new or revised regulations, taxes or increased licensing fees and requirements will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business and its results of operations and its cash flows.

The Company’s common stock is thinly traded, and therefore not as liquid as other investments.

The trading volume of the Company’s common stock (the “Common Stock”) on the NASDAQ Capital Market (“NASDAQ”) is consistently “thin,” in that there is not a great deal of trading activity on a daily basis. Because the average active trading volume is thin, there is less opportunity for shareholders to sell their shares of the Company’s common stock on the open market, resulting in the common stock being less liquid than common stock in other publicly traded companies.

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The Company may face liabilities associated with the offer and sale of its Preferred Stock.

In August 2015, the Company commenced a public offering of our Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock (the “Preferred Stock”) pursuant to a registration statement filed with the SEC. The Company registered this transaction with the securities authorities of the States of Oregon and Washington and, in November 2015, achieved listing status for the Preferred Stock on NASDAQ under the trading symbol “WVVIP”. The terms of our Preferred Stock are unusual for a company of our size, and we believe the structure of these securities and of the offering is not commonplace among issuers. Federal and state securities laws impose significant liabilities on issuers of securities if the related offering documents contain material misstatements of fact, or if the documents omit to state facts necessary, in light of the circumstances as a whole, to prevent the documents from being misleading. These liabilities can include rescission liability to the purchasers of the securities, as well as potential enforcement liability that could give rise to civil money penalties. Securities litigation can be extraordinarily expensive and protracted, and if we are accused of misstatements or omissions in our offering documents, we may face economic harms and management distractions regardless of the ultimate outcome of any such litigation. Further, if we ultimately are adjudged to have actually made a material misstatement or omission, the Company may be liable for the repayment of the purchase price of the related securities, plus interest from the date of purchase. Any one or more of these events or circumstances would have a material adverse impact upon our business, financial condition or results of operations, and may make it more difficult or more expensive to undertake capital-raising efforts in the future.

The Company may be unable to pay accumulated dividends on its Preferred Stock.

The Company’s Preferred Stock bears a cumulative 5.3% dividend based upon the original issue price, or $0.22 per share per annum. However, prior to the declaration and payment of dividends our board of directors must determine, among other things, that funds are available out of the surplus of the Company and that the payment would not render us insolvent or compromise our ability to pay our obligations as they come due in the ordinary course of business. Additionally, our existing credit facility limits, and future debt obligations in the future may limit, both our legal and our practical ability to declare and pay dividends. As a result, although the Preferred Stock will continue to earn a right to receive dividends, the Company’s ability to pay dividends will depend, among other things, upon our ability to generate excess cash. However, although shares of our Preferred Stock will earn cumulative dividends, unpaid dividends will not, themselves, accumulate (as might compounding interest on a debt security, for example).

As the Company’s sales revenues are dependent in part upon the purchases made by and continued goodwill with its holders of Preferred Stock, any failure to pay dividends timely could adversely effect the Company’s sales. Additionally, as the Company focuses its issuance of Preferred Stock to wine enthusiasts likely to purchase the Company’s wines, any failure by management to successfully target its stock sales could diminish the opportunity to maximize earnings and offset the administrative, regulatory, and legal costs of this form of capital formation through preferred stockholder wine purchases.

The issuance of additional shares of our Preferred Stock or Common Stock in the future could adversely affect holders of Common Stock.

The market price of our Common Stock may be influenced by any preferred stock we may issue. Our board of directors is authorized to issue additional classes or series of preferred stock without any action on the part of our stockholders. This includes the power to set the terms of any such classes or series of preferred stock that may be issued, including voting rights, dividend rights and preferences over Common Stock with respect to the liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the business and other terms. If we issue preferred stock in the future that has preference over our Common Stock with respect to liquidation, dissolution or winding up, or if we issue preferred stock with voting rights that dilute the voting power of our Common Stock, the rights of holders of the Common Stock or the market price of the Common Stock could be adversely affected.

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Failures or security breaches of our information technology systems could disrupt our operations and negatively impact our business.

We use information technologies to manage our operations and various business functions. We rely on various technologies to process, store and report on our business and to communicate electronically between our facilities, personnel, customers, and suppliers as well as for administrative functions and many of such technology systems are independent of one another for their functionality. We also use information technologies to process financial information and results of operations for internal reporting purposes and to comply with regulatory, legal and tax requirements. We rely on third party providers for some of these information technologies and support. Our ability to effectively manage our business and coordinate the production, distribution and sale of our products is highly dependent on our technology systems. Despite our security design and controls and other operational safeguards, and those of our third party providers, our information technology systems may be vulnerable to a variety of interruptions, including during the process of upgrading or replacing hardware, software, databases or components thereof, natural disasters, terrorist attacks, telecommunications failures, computer viruses, cyber-attacks, hackers, unauthorized access attempts and other security issues or may be breached due to employee error, malfeasance or other disruptions. Any such interruption or breach could result in operational disruptions or the misappropriation of sensitive data that could subject us to civil and criminal penalties, litigation or have a negative impact on our reputation. There can be no assurance that such disruptions or misappropriations and the resulting repercussions will not negatively impact our cash flows and materially affect our results of operations or financial condition.

In addition, many of our information technology systems, such as those we use for administrative functions, including human resources, payroll, accounting, and internal and external communications, as well as the information technology systems of our third-party business partners and service providers, whether cloud-based or hosted in proprietary servers, contain personal, financial or other information that is entrusted to us by our customers and personnel. Many of our information technology systems also contain proprietary and other confidential information related to our business, such as business plans and research and development initiatives. To the extent we or a third party were to experience a material breach of our or such third party’s information technology systems that result in the unauthorized access, theft, use, destruction or other compromises of our customers’ or personnel’s data or confidential information stored in such systems, including through cyber-attacks or other external or internal methods could result in a violation of applicable privacy and other laws, and subject us to litigation and governmental investigations and proceedings, any of which could result in our exposure to material liability.

The provisions in our articles of incorporation, our by-laws and Oregon law could delay or deter tender offers or takeover attempts that may offer a premium for our common stock.

Certain provisions in our articles of incorporation, our by-laws and Oregon law could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire control of us, even if that transaction could be beneficial to stockholders. These impediments include, but are not limited to; the classification of our Board of Directors (the “Board”) into three classes serving staggered three-year terms, which makes it more difficult to quickly replace Board members; the ability of our Board, subject to certain limitations under the NASDAQ rules, to issue shares of Preferred Stock with rights as it deems appropriate without stockholder approval; a provision that special meetings of our Board may be called only by our chief executive officer or at the request of holders of not less than half of all outstanding shares of our common stock; a provision that any member of the Board, or the entire Board, may be removed from office only for cause; and a provision that our stockholders comply with advance-notice provisions to bring director nominations or other matters before meetings of our stockholders. The Board may implement other changes that further limit the potential for tender offers or takeover attempts.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 1C. CYBERSECURITY

The Company has not adopted any formal cybersecurity risk management program or formal processes for assessing, identifying, and managing material risks from cybersecurity threats. The full board of directors has oversight responsibility for the Company’s overall risk management, including cybersecurity risk, and has not delegated oversight authority for cybersecurity risks to any committee. In fiscal year 2023, we did not identify any cybersecurity threats that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

Vineyards – The Company owns or leases 1,018 acres of land, of which 704 acres is owned and 314 acres leased. Of the 1,018 acres of land owned or leased, 535 acres are productive vineyards, 266 acres are pre-productive vineyards or are suitable for future vineyard plantings, and 217 acres are not suitable for vineyard planting or are used or reserved for winery or hospitality purposes. See Item 1 Business - Vineyards, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the locations of each of the Company’s vineyards (both owned and leased) and other information pertaining to the production capacity, harvest totals and other important characteristics of each such vineyard.

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Wine production facility – We believe the Company’s Estate Winery and production facilities are capable of efficiently producing up to 275,000 cases (654,000 gallons) of wine per year, depending on the type of wine produced. In 2023, the Winery produced approximately 234,086 cases (556,551 gallons) of wine, mostly from its 2022 and 2021 harvest. The Winery is 12,784 square feet in size and contains areas for processing, fermenting, aging, and bottling wine, as well as an underground wine cellar, meeting rooms, and administrative offices. There is a 12,500 square foot outside production area for harvesting, pressing and fermenting wine grapes. The Company also has a 23,000 square foot storage building to store its inventory of bottled product. The production area is equipped with a settling tank and sprinkler system for disposing of wastewater from the production process in compliance with environmental regulations. The Company’s main hospitality Center is located at the Company’s Estate Winery (the “Hospitality Center”) and is a large 35,642 square foot tasting and hospitality facility. The Hospitality Center sits above the underground barrel cellar and tunnel that connects with the Winery. The facility includes a basement cellar, tunnel, and barrel room of 11,090 square feet used to store up to 1,800 barrels of wine for aging in the proper environment.

The Company-owned Tualatin Estate Winery has 20,000 square feet of production capacity. This adds approximately 28,000 cases (66,000 gallons) of wine production capacity to the Company. The production capacity at the Tualatin Estate Winery is not currently used, but is available to the Company to meet future production needs. The storage capacity at the Tualatin Estate Winery is periodically used to store excess bulk wine. Additionally, the Company operates a small retail store and tasting room at the Tualatin Estate Winery.

The Company-owned sparkling winery, Domaine Willamette, is located adjacent to Highway 99 in Dundee, Oregon, at Bernau Estate. Bernau Estate also features a tasting room and restaurant, retail bottle shop and residence, in addition to the winery.

The Company carries Property and Liability insurance coverage in amounts deemed adequate by management.

For additional discussion of vineyard and wine production facilities, see Item 1. Business.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Although the Company from time to time may be involved with disputes, claims and litigation related to the conduct of its business, there are no material legal proceedings pending to which the Company is a party or to which any of its property is subject, and the Company’s management does not know of any such action being contemplated.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Market Information

The Company’s Common Stock is traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “WVVI.”

Holders

As of March 26, 2024, the Company had approximately 3,177 Common Stock stockholders of record. As some of our shares of Common Stock are held in “street name” by brokers on behalf of stockholders, we are unable to estimate the total number of beneficial holders of our Common Stock represented by these record holders.

Dividends

The Company has paid dividends on the Preferred Stock. The Company has not paid any dividends on its Common Stock, and the Company does not anticipate paying any dividends on Common Stock in the foreseeable future. The Company intends to use its earnings to expand its vineyards, winemaking, and customer service facilities.

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Equity Compensation Plans

The Company had no equity compensation plan pursuant to which equity awards could be granted and no outstanding options or other equity awards as of December 31, 2023.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

None.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

None.

ITEM 6. [RESERVED]

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations should be read in conjunction with the Company’s financial statements and related notes. Some statements and information contained in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations are not historical facts but are forward-looking statements. For a discussion of these forward-looking statements, and of important factors that could cause results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements contained in this report, see “Cautionary Note on Forward-Looking Statements.”

While our significant accounting policies are described in more detail in Note 1 to our financial statements, we believe the following accounting policies are those most critical to the judgements and estimates used in the preparation of our financial statements.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations discusses Willamette Valley Vineyards’ financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. As such, management is required to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions that are believed to be reasonable based upon the information available. On an on-going basis, management evaluates its estimates and judgments, including those related to product returns, bad debts, inventories, leases, investments, income taxes, financing operations, and contingencies and litigation. Management bases its estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Revenue – The Company’s principal sources of revenue are derived from direct sales and sales through distributors of wine. Distributor sales are recognized from wine sales at the time of shipment and passage of title. The Company’s payment arrangements with wholesalers provide primarily 30-day terms and, to a limited extent, 45-day, 60-day, or longer terms for some international wholesalers. Direct sales through the Company’s tasting rooms are recognized at the point of sales. Sales through the internet and wine club sales are recognized when the product has shipped to the customer.

The Company pays depletion allowances to the Company’s distributors based on their sales to their customers. The Company sets these allowances on a monthly basis and the Company’s distributors bill them back on a monthly basis. All depletion expenses associated with a given month are recognized in that month as a reduction of revenues. The Company also reimburses for samples used by distributors up to 1.5% of product sold to the distributors. Sample expenses are recognized at the time the Company is billed by the distributor as a selling, general and administrative expense.

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Amounts paid by customers to the Company for shipping and handling expenses are included in the net revenue. Expenses incurred for outbound shipping and handling charges are included in selling, general and administrative expense.

Inventory – The Company values inventories at the lower of actual cost to produce the inventory or net realizable value. The Company regularly reviews inventory quantities on hand and adjusts its production requirements for the next twelve months based on estimated forecasts of product demand. A significant decrease in demand could result in an increase in the amount of excess inventory quantities on hand. In the future, if the Company’s inventory cost is determined to be greater than the net realizable value of the inventory upon sale, the Company would be required to recognize such excess costs in its cost of goods sold at the time of such determination. Therefore, although the Company makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of its forecasts of future product demand, any significant unanticipated changes in demand could have a significant impact on the ultimate selling price and cases sold and, therefore, the carrying value of the Company’s inventory and its reported operating results.

Additionally, the Company regularly evaluates inventory for obsolescence and marketability and if it determines that the inventory is obsolete, or no longer suitable for use or marketable, the cost of that inventory is recognized in cost of sales at the time of such determination.

Vineyard Development – The Company capitalizes internal vineyard development costs prior to the vineyard land becoming fully productive. These costs consist primarily of the costs of the vines and expenditures related to labor and materials to prepare the land and construct vine trellises. Amortization of such costs as annual crop costs is done on a straight-line basis for the estimated economic useful life of the vineyard, which is estimated to be 30 years. The Company regularly evaluates the recoverability of capitalized costs. Amortization of vineyard development costs are included in capitalized crop costs that in turn are included in inventory costs and ultimately become a component of cost of goods sold.

Income Taxes – The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability approach. This requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial statement and the tax basis of assets and liabilities at the applicable tax rates. The Company evaluates deferred tax assets, and records a valuation allowance against those assets, if available evidence suggests that some of those assets will not be realized.

The effect of uncertain tax positions would be recorded in the financial statements only after determining a more likely than not probability that the uncertain tax positions would withstand an examination by tax authorities based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefit to be recognized is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is greater than fifty percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. As facts and circumstances change, management reassesses these probabilities and would record any changes in the financial statements as appropriate.

Overview

The Company generates revenue from the sales of wine to wholesalers and direct to consumers. The Company is experiencing increased levels of competition in traditional wholesale to retail grocery distribution from large California based wineries that are acquiring, producing, and marketing Oregon branded wines. Direct to consumer sales primarily include sales through the Company’s tasting rooms and wine club. Direct to consumer sales provide a higher gross profit to the Company due to prices received being closer to retail than those prices paid by wholesalers. The Company continues to emphasize growth in direct-to-consumer sales through use of the Hospitality Center, opening new tasting rooms and growth in wine club membership. The Company had 11,541 wine club memberships for the year ended December 31, 2023, a net increase of 1,540 when compared to 2022. Additionally, the Company’s Preferred Stock sales since August 2015 have resulted in approximately 14,385 preferred stockholders, many of which the Company believes are wine enthusiasts. When considering joint ownership, we believe these new shareholders represent approximately 21,577 potential customers of the Company. The Company also has approximately 3,177 shareholders of Common Stock which we believe represent an estimated 4,765 potential customers when considering joint ownership. Additionally, the Company has made a significant investment in developing alternative wine brands, products, direct sales methods, and locations.

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Periodically, the Company will sell grapes or bulk wine, which primarily consist of inventory that does not meet Company standards or is in excess of production targets. However, this activity is not a significant part of the Company’s activities.

The Company sold approximately 191,619 and 187,371 cases of produced wine during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, an increase of 4,248 cases, or 2.3% in the current year over the prior year. The increase in case sales was the result of more direct to consumer sales in 2023 when compared to 2022.

Cost of Sales includes grape costs, whether purchased or grown at Company vineyards, crush costs, winemaking and processing costs, bottling, packaging, warehousing, and shipping and handling costs associated with purchased production materials. For grapes grown at Company vineyards, costs include farming expenditures and amortization of vineyard development costs.

At December 31, 2023, wine inventory included 131,647 cases of bottled wine and 785,363 gallons of bulk wine in various stages of the aging process. Cased wine is expected to be sold over the next 12 to 24 months (and generally before the release date of the next vintage). The Winery bottled 234,086 cases during the year ended December 31, 2023.

Results of Operations

2023 compared to 2022

Net loss was $1,198,593 and $646,492, for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, an increase of $552,101, or 85.4%, for the year ended December 31, 2023 over the prior year period. The primary reason for this increase was a higher gross profit from additional sales revenue, being more than offset by higher operating expenses. This was primarily related to higher tasting room expenses as a result of some locations being open for longer for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the previous year.

Net loss applicable to common shareholders was $3,245,690 and $2,512,943, for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, an increase of $732,747, or 29.2%, for the year ended December 31, 2023 over the prior year period. This increase was primarily driven by a higher net loss and higher preferred stock dividends.

The Company had net sales revenues of $39,136,114 and $33,934,081 for the years December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, an increase of $5,202,033, or 15.3%, for the year ended December 31, 2023 over the prior year period primarily as a result of an increase in revenue from direct sales of $4,786,730, or 30.4% in 2023 compared to 2022, and an increase in revenue from sales to distributors of $415,303 or 2.3% in 2023 compared to 2022.

The Company has three primary sales channels: direct-to-consumer retail sales, in-state sales to distributors, and out-of-state sales to distributors. During 2023, revenues from retail sales increased 31.0%, revenues from in-state sales decreased 5.0%, and revenues from out-of-state sales increased 6.1%, compared to 2022.

Direct sales included $69,924 and $97,652 of bulk wine and grape sales in the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and represented approximately 52.4% and 46.4% of the Company’s total revenue for 2023 and 2022, respectively, while the Company’s remaining revenues came from sales through distributors.

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The following table sets forth certain information regarding the Company’s revenue, excluding excise taxes, from the Winery’s operations for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:

|  | Year ended |
|  | December 31, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Retail sales |  | $ | 20,680,024 |  |  | $ | 15,786,241 |
In-state sales |  |  | 5,686,517 |  |  |  | 5,987,410 |
Out-of-state sales |  |  | 13,131,363 |  |  |  | 12,374,881 |
Bulk wine/miscellaneous sales |  |  | 69,924 |  |  |  | 97,652 |
Total revenue |  |  | 39,567,828 |  |  |  | 34,246,184 |
Less excise taxes |  |  | (431,714 | ) |  |  | (312,103 | )
Sales, net |  | $ | 39,136,114 |  |  | $ | 33,934,081 |

Retail sales revenues for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were $20,680,024 and $15,786,241 respectively, an increase of $4,893,783, or 31.0%, for the year ended December 31, 2023 over the prior year period. The increase in retail sales revenues in 2023 compared to 2022 was mostly a result of increased revenues from new retail locations being open for longer during 2023.

Bulk Wine/miscellaneous sales revenues for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were $69,924 and $97,652, respectively, a decrease of $27,728, or 28.4%, for the year ended December 31, 2023, over the prior year period.

In-state sales revenues for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were $5,686,517 and $5,987,410, respectively, a decrease of $300,893, or 5.0%, for the year ended December 31, 2023 over the prior year period.

Out-of-state sales revenues for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were $13,131,363 and $12,374,881, respectively, an increase of $756,482, or 6.1%.

The Company pays alcohol excise taxes to both the OLCC and to the TTB. These taxes are based on product sales volumes. The Company is liable for the taxes upon the removal of product from the Company’s warehouse on a per gallon basis. The Company also pays taxes on the grape harvest on a per ton basis to the OLCC for the Oregon Wine Board. The Company’s excise related taxes for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were $431,714 and $312,103, respectively, an increase of $119,611, for the year ended December 31, 2023 over the prior year period. This increase was due primarily to a larger crop processed and the timing of removals in 2023.

Cost of Sales was $16,578,986 and $15,119,985 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, an increase of $1,459,001, or 9.6%, for the year ended December 31, 2023, over the prior year period. This change was primarily the result of increased sales and the mix of sales between direct and distributors between the two periods.

Gross profit was $22,557,128 and $18,814,096 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, an increase of $3,743,032 or 19.9%, for the year ended December 31, 2023 over the prior year period. This increase was generally driven by an increase in sales revenues in 2023.

The gross margin percentage was 57.6% and 55.4% for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, an increase of 2.2 percentage points, for the year ended December 31, 2023 over the prior year period. This increase in the gross profit percentage was primarily the result of higher direct sales prices and more sales coming from direct to consumer sales in 2023.

24

Selling, general and administrative expenses were $23,764,330 and $19,360,514 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, an increase of $4,403,816, or 22.7%, for the year ended December 31, 2023 over the prior year period. This increase was primarily as a result of more sales coming from tasting rooms which have higher selling costs and from newer locations being open for longer in 2023.

Loss from operations was $1,207,202 and $546,418 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, an increase of $660,784, or 120.9%, for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the prior year period. This increase included higher depreciation costs of $1,232,459 in 2023 mostly relating to the investment in new locations.

Interest income was $27 and $5,496 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, a decrease of $5,469 for the year ended December 31, 2023 over the prior year. Interest expense was $594,106 and $367,745 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, an increase of $226,361, or 61.6%, for the year ended December 31, 2023 over the prior year period. The increase in interest expense was mainly due to the increase in average loan balances in 2023 compared to the previous year.

Other income, net, was $114,827 and $142,529 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, a decrease of $27,702, or 19.4%, for the year ended December 31, 2023 over the prior year period.

Provision for income tax benefit was $487,861 and $119,646 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, an increase of $368,215, for the year ended December 31, 2023 over the prior year period. This increase in income tax benefit in 2023 compared to 2022 was primarily the result of a higher loss from operations in 2023 and an increase in the effective tax rate in 2023.

Loss per common share after preferred dividends was $0.65 and $0.51 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, an increase of $0.14, or 29.2%, for the year ended December 31, 2023 over the prior year period. The primary reason for this increase was an increase in net loss and higher preferred stock dividends in 2023 compared to 2022.

The Company had cash balances of $238,482 at December 31, 2023, and $338,676 at December 31, 2022. The Company had an outstanding line of credit balance of $2,684,982 at December 31, 2023, and $166,617 at December 31, 2022. The Company had a bank overdraft of $393,416 at December 31, 2023, and no overdraft at December 31, 2022.

EBITDA

In 2023, the Company’s earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (“EBITDA”) increased 22.1% to $2,334,602 from $1,912,012 in 2022, primarily as a result of increased depreciation costs in 2023.

EBITDA does not reflect the impact of a number of items that affect our net income (loss), including financing costs. EBITDA is not a measure of financial performance under the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, referred to as “GAAP”, and should not be considered as an alternative to net income (loss) or income (loss) from operations as a measure of performance, nor as an alternative to net cash from operating activities as a measure of liquidity. We use EBITDA as a benchmark measurement of our own operating results and as a benchmark relative to our competitors. We consider it to be a meaningful supplement to operating income (loss) as a performance measure primarily because depreciation and amortization expense are not actual cash costs, and depreciation expense varies widely from company to company in a manner that we consider largely independent of the underlying cost efficiency of our operating facilities.

EBITDA has significant limitations as an analytical tool, and should not be considered in isolation, or as a substitute for analysis of our GAAP results as reported. Because of these limitations, EBITDA should only be considered as a supplemental performance measure and should not be considered as a measure of liquidity or cash available to us to invest in the growth of our business. See the Statement of Cash Flows set out in our financial statements included herein.

25

The following table provides a reconciliation of net loss (the most comparable GAAP measure) to EBITDA for the periods indicated:

|  | Year Ended December 31,
|  | 2023 |  | 2022
Net loss |  | $ | (1,198,593 | ) |  | $ | (646,492 | )
Depreciation and amortization expense |  |  | 3,426,977 |  |  |  | 2,315,901 |
Interest expense |  |  | 594,106 |  |  |  | 367,745 |
Interest income |  |  | (27 | ) |  |  | (5,496 | )
Income tax benefit |  |  | (487,861 | ) |  |  | (119,646 | )
EBITDA |  | $ | 2,334,602 |  |  | $ | 1,912,012 |

Sales

Wine case sales for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 and ending inventory amounts for the year ended December 31, 2023, are shown in the following table:

|  | Cases Sold |  |  | Cases Sold |  |  | Cases On-Hand |
Varietal/Product |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | December 31, 2023 |
Pinot Noir/Estate |  |  | 17,334 |  |  |  | 16,079 |  |  |  | 21,554 |
Pinot Noir/Barrel Select |  |  | 10,093 |  |  |  | 19,789 |  |  |  | 1,185 |
Pinot Noir/Founders Reserve |  |  | 3,988 |  |  |  | 4,519 |  |  |  | 5,091 |
Pinot Noir/Special Designates |  |  | 12,706 |  |  |  | 14,083 |  |  |  | 16,028 |
Pinot Noir/Whole Cluster |  |  | 60,070 |  |  |  | 50,674 |  |  |  | 32,697 |
Pinot Gris |  |  | 33,279 |  |  |  | 33,568 |  |  |  | 9,109 |
Riesling |  |  | 19,982 |  |  |  | 19,298 |  |  |  | 7,879 |
Chardonnay |  |  | 5,191 |  |  |  | 5,010 |  |  |  | 5,246 |
Other |  |  | 28,976 |  |  |  | 24,351 |  |  |  | 32,858 |
Total |  |  | 191,619 |  |  |  | 187,371 |  |  |  | 131,647 |

Approximately 54% of the Company’s case sales during 2023 were of the Company’s flagship varietal, Pinot Noir. Case sales of Pinot Gris and Riesling follow with approximately 17% and 10% of case sales, respectively. The Company sold approximately 191,619 and 187,371 cases of Company-produced wine during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. This represents an increase of approximately 4,248 cases, or 2.3%, 2023 compared to 2022. The increase in case sales in 2023 compared to 2022 was the result of an increase in direct-to-consumer case sales.

The Company has three primary sales channels: 1) direct-to-consumer sales; 2) in-state sales to distributors; and 3) out-of-state sales to distributors. These three sales channels represent 52.4%, 14.4% and 33.2%, of total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2023, respectively. This compares to 46.4%, 17.5% and 36.1% of total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022, respectively. Miscellaneous and grape sales are included in direct-to-consumer sales.

The Company’s direct-to-consumer sales and national sales to distributors offer comparable products to customers and utilize similar processes and share resources for production, selling and distribution. Direct-to-consumer sales generate a higher gross profit margin than national sales to distributors due to differentiated pricing between these segments.

26

Wine Inventory

The Company had 131,647 cases of bottled wine on-hand at the end of 2023. Management believes sufficient bulk wine inventory is on-hand to bottle approximately 330,000 cases of wine in 2023, and that sufficient stock is on hand to meet current demand levels until the 2023 vintage becomes available.

Production Capacity

Current production volumes are within the current production capacity constraints of the Winery, when including storage capacity at the Tualatin Winery and utilization of temporary storage when appropriate. In 2023, 234,086 cases were produced. We have the capacity to store and process about 275,000 cases of wine per year at the Estate Winery but can expand that capacity by utilizing storage at the Tualatin Winery and temporary storage. Management continues to invest in new production technologies intended to increase the efficiency and quality of wine production. During 2023, the Company did not utilize the wine production facilities at the Tualatin Winery but did utilize it for wine storage. The Tualatin Winery has capacity to produce approximately 28,000 cases of wine. Management intends to fully utilize the production capacity at the Estate Winery before expanding into the Tualatin Winery.

Grape Supply

For the 2023 and 2022 vintages, the Company grew approximately 42% and 66% of all grapes harvested, respectively. The remaining grapes harvested were purchased from other growers. In 2023 and 2022, 18% and 8% of grapes harvested were purchased under short-term contracts, and 40% and 26% of grapes harvested were purchased under long-term contracts, respectively. The Company considers short-term contracts to be for single vintage years and long-term contracts to cover multiple vintage years.

Grapes are typically harvested and received in September and October of the vintage year. Upon receipt, the grapes are weighed, and a quality analysis is performed to ensure the grapes meet the standards set forth in the purchase contract. Based on the quantity of qualifying grapes received, the full amount payable to the grower is recorded to the grapes payable liability account. Approximately 50% of the grapes payable amount is due in November of the vintage year. The remaining amount is due in March of the following year. The grapes are processed into wine, which is typically bottled and available for sale between five months and two years from the date of harvest.

The Company received $3,313,483 and $1,868,742 worth of grapes from long-term contracts during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company received $1,941,572 and $639,677 worth of grapes from short-term contracts during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Total grapes payable was $2,446,233 and $1,208,673 as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Total grapes payable includes $1,357,649 and $934,371 of grapes payable from long-term contracts as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The Company plans to address long-term grape supply needs by developing new vineyards on properties currently owned or secured by lease. The Company has approximately 53 acres of vineyards that have been planted but are in the pre-productive stage. We anticipate that these vineyards will begin producing grapes within the next one to three years. The Company has approximately 213 acres of land that is suitable for future vineyard development. The Company intends to seek out opportunities to acquire land for future grape plantings in order to continue to increase available quantities, maintain control over farming practices, more effectively manage grape costs and mitigate uncertainty associated with long-term contracts.

27

Wine Quality

Continued awareness of the Willamette Valley Vineyards brand and the quality of its wines was enhanced by national and regional media coverage throughout 2023 including the accolades below.

James Suckling rated the Company’s 2021 Estate Pinot Noir 91 points, Dijon Clone Chardonnay 91 points and the 2022 Pinot Gris 90 points.

Wine Enthusiast Magazine rated the Company’s 2021 Estate Pinot Noir 91 points, 2021 Dijon Clone Pinot Noir 90 points and 2021 Founders’ Reserve Pinot Noir 90 points. The Company’s 2022 Whole Cluster Pinot Noir 90 points, 2022 White Pinot Noir 91 points, 2022 Maison Bleue Voltigeur Viognier 90 points, 2020 Métis Red Blend 92 points and Cellar Selection.

Sunset International Wine Competition awarded the Company’s 2022 Whole Cluster Rosé of Pinot Noir 94 points with a Gold Medal.

Sip Magazine’s Best of the Northwest rated the Company’s 2022 Pinot Blanc a Double Gold.

Global Fine Wine Challenge awarded the Company’s 2019 Griffin Creek Cabernet Franc and 2019 Domaine Willamette Brut both Gold.

Seasonality

The Company has historically experienced and expects to continue to experience seasonal fluctuations in its revenue and net income. Typically, first quarter sales are the lowest of any given year, and sales volumes increase progressively through the fourth quarter mostly because of consumer buying habits.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

At December 31, 2023, the Company had a working capital balance of $18.4 million and a current ratio of 2.33:1. The Company had cash balances of $238,482, at December 31, 2023.

Total cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $1,998,850, which resulted primarily from a net loss in 2023 as well as increased inventory and lease liabilities. This was partially offset by increased depreciation, a reduction in accounts receivable and an increase in grapes payable.

Total cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $4,726,970, which primarily consisted of cash used on construction activity and vineyard development costs.

Total cash provided from financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $6,615,626, which primarily consisted of proceeds from the issuance of Preferred Stock and an increase in the line of credit and long term debt, being partially offset by the payment of a preferred stock dividend.

In December of 2005, the Company entered into a revolving line of credit agreement with Umpqua Bank (the “Credit Agreement”) that allows borrowing up to $2,000,000 against eligible accounts receivable and inventories, as defined in the agreement. The revolving line bears interest at prime less 0.5%, with a floor of 3.25%, is payable monthly, and is subject to renewal. In July 2021, the Company renewed the Credit Agreement until July 31, 2023. In November 2022, the Company increased the borrowing line up to $5,000,000. In July 2023 the line of credit was renewed for an additional two years. The Company had an outstanding line of credit balance of $2,684,982 at December 31, 2023, at an interest rate of 8.0%, and an outstanding line of credit balance of $166,617 at December 31, 2022, at an interest rate of 6.5%. As of December 31, 2023, the Company was out of compliance with a debt covenant contained in the Credit Agreement. The Company has received a waiver from Umqua Bank waiving this violation until the next measurement date of December 31, 2024.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had a total long-term debt balance of $7,590,659 owed to AgWest, including the portion due in the next year, exclusive of debt issuance costs of $105,989. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had a total long-term debt balance of $7,062,654, exclusive of debt issuance costs of $119,237. The debt with AgWest was used to finance the Estate Hospitality Center and subsequent remodels, invest in winery equipment to increase the Company’s winemaking capacity, acquire new vineyard land for future development and provide operating capital.

28

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had an installment note payable of $1,100,735, due in quarterly payments of $42,534 through February 2032, associated with the purchase of property in the Dundee Hills AVA.

The Company believes that cash flow from operations and funds available under its existing credit facilities and preferred stock program will be sufficient to meet the Company’s foreseeable short and long-term operating needs.

Inflation

The Company’s management does not believe inflation has had a material impact on the Company’s revenues or loss during 2023 or 2022.

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Not required.

29

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

|  | PAGE
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (Moss Adams LLP, Portland, Oregon, PCAOB ID No. 659) |  | 31
Financial Statements |  |
Balance Sheets |  | 32
Statements of Operations |  | 33
Statements of Shareholders’ Equity |  | 34
Statements of Cash Flows |  | 35
Notes to Financial Statements |  | 36-48

30

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The Shareholders and the Board of Directors of

Willamette Valley Vineyards, Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Willamette Valley Vineyards, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related statements of operations, shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for the years then ended and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures to respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matters

Critical audit matters are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. We determined that there are no critical audit matters.

/s/ Moss Adams LLP

Portland, Oregon

March 26, 2024

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2004.

31

WILLAMETTE VALLEY VINEYARDS, INC.
BALANCE SHEETS

|  | December 31, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CURRENT ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 238,482 |  |  | $ | 338,676 |
Accounts receivable, net |  |  | 2,994,829 |  |  |  | 4,226,948 |
Inventories |  |  | 28,314,779 |  |  |  | 22,201,499 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | 522,854 |  |  |  | 454,085 |
Income tax receivable |  |  | 121,959 |  |  |  | 557,224 |
Total current assets |  |  | 32,192,903 |  |  |  | 27,778,432 |
Other assets |  |  | 13,824 |  |  |  | 13,824 |
Vineyard development costs, net |  |  | 8,704,352 |  |  |  | 8,448,925 |
Property and equipment, net |  |  | 53,369,637 |  |  |  | 53,547,245 |
Operating lease right of use assets |  |  | 11,427,433 |  |  |  | 8,895,556 |
TOTAL ASSETS |  | $ | 105,708,149 |  |  | $ | 98,683,982 |
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CURRENT LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  | $ | 2,026,352 |  |  | $ | 3,067,886 |
Accrued expenses |  |  | 1,482,254 |  |  |  | 1,428,380 |
Investor deposits for preferred stock |  |  | 718,857 |  |  |  | 147,511 |
Bank overdraft |  |  | 393,416 |  |  |  | - |
Line of credit |  |  | 2,684,982 |  |  |  | 166,617 |
Note payable |  |  | 1,100,735 |  |  |  | 1,201,038 |
Current portion of long-term debt |  |  | 522,798 |  |  |  | 496,970 |
Current portion of lease liabilities |  |  | 450,452 |  |  |  | 768,818 |
Unearned revenue |  |  | 1,970,661 |  |  |  | 1,442,401 |
Grapes payable |  |  | 2,446,233 |  |  |  | 1,208,673 |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 13,796,740 |  |  |  | 9,928,294 |
Long-term debt, net of current portion and debt issuance costs |  |  | 6,961,872 |  |  |  | 6,446,447 |
Lease liabilities, net of current portion |  |  | 11,402,714 |  |  |  | 8,506,830 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | 2,911,618 |  |  |  | 3,440,477 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 35,072,944 |  |  |  | 28,322,048 |
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 12) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Redeemable preferred stock, no par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 10,046,833 shares issued and outstanding, liquidation preference $41,694,357 at December 31, 2023 and 9,185,666 shares issued and outstanding, liquidation preference $38,120,514 at December 31, 2022 |  |  | 42,388,036 |  |  |  | 38,869,075 |
Common stock, no par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, 4,964,529 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 |  |  | 8,512,489 |  |  |  | 8,512,489 |
Retained earnings |  |  | 19,734,680 |  |  |  | 22,980,370 |
Total shareholders’ equity |  |  | 70,635,205 |  |  |  | 70,361,934 |
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  | $ | 105,708,149 |  |  | $ | 98,683,982 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.

32

WILLAMETTE VALLEY VINEYARDS, INC.
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

|  | Year ended |
|  | December 31, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
SALES, NET |  | $ | 39,136,114 |  |  | $ | 33,934,081 |
COST OF SALES |  |  | 16,578,986 |  |  |  | 15,119,985 |
GROSS PROFIT |  |  | 22,557,128 |  |  |  | 18,814,096 |
OPERATING EXPENSES: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales and marketing |  |  | 17,564,103 |  |  |  | 13,640,290 |
General and administrative |  |  | 6,200,227 |  |  |  | 5,720,224 |
Total operating expenses |  |  | 23,764,330 |  |  |  | 19,360,514 |
LOSS FROM OPERATIONS |  |  | (1,207,202 | ) |  |  | (546,418 | )
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income |  |  | 27 |  |  |  | 5,496 |
Interest expense |  |  | (594,106 | ) |  |  | (367,745 | )
Other income, net |  |  | 114,827 |  |  |  | 142,529 |
LOSS BEFORE INCOME TAXES |  |  | (1,686,454 | ) |  |  | (766,138 | )
INCOME TAX BENEFIT |  |  | 487,861 |  |  |  | 119,646 |
NET LOSS |  |  | (1,198,593 | ) |  |  | (646,492 | )
Preferred stock dividends |  |  | (2,047,097 | ) |  |  | (1,866,451 | )
LOSS APPLICABLE TO COMMON SHAREHOLDERS |  | $ | (3,245,690 | ) |  | $ | (2,512,943 | )
Loss per common share after preferred dividends, basic and diluted |  | $ | (0.65 | ) |  | $ | (0.51 | )
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding, basic and diluted |  |  | 4,964,529 |  |  |  | 4,964,529 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.

33

WILLAMETTE VALLEY VINEYARDS, INC.
STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

|  | Redeemable |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Preferred Stock |  |  | Common Stock |  |  | Retained |  |  |  |
|  | Shares |  |  | Dollars |  |  | Shares |  |  | Dollars |  |  | Earnings |  |  | Total |
Balance at December 31, 2021 |  |  | 7,523,539 |  |  | $ | 30,956,192 |  |  |  | 4,964,529 |  |  | $ | 8,512,489 |  |  | $ | 25,493,313 |  |  | $ | 64,961,994 |
Issuance of preferred stock, net |  |  | 1,662,127 |  |  |  | 7,912,883 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 7,912,883 |
Preferred stock dividends declared |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (1,866,451 | ) |  |  | (1,866,451 | )
Net loss |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (646,492 | ) |  |  | (646,492 | )
Balance at December 31, 2022 |  |  | 9,185,666 |  |  |  | 38,869,075 |  |  |  | 4,964,529 |  |  |  | 8,512,489 |  |  |  | 22,980,370 |  |  |  | 70,361,934 |
Issuance of preferred stock, net |  |  | 861,167 |  |  |  | 3,518,961 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 3,518,961 |
Preferred stock dividends declared |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (2,047,097 | ) |  |  | (2,047,097 | )
Net loss |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (1,198,593 | ) |  |  | (1,198,593 | )
Balance at December 31, 2023 |  |  | 10,046,833 |  |  | $ | 42,388,036 |  |  |  | 4,964,529 |  |  | $ | 8,512,489 |  |  | $ | 19,734,680 |  |  | $ | 70,635,205 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.

34

WILLAMETTE VALLEY VINEYARDS, INC.
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

|  | Year ended December 31, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss |  | $ | (1,198,593 | ) |  | $ | (646,492 | )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 3,426,977 |  |  |  | 2,315,901 |
Non-cash lease expense |  |  | 1,142,833 |  |  |  | 615,690 |
Loan fee amortization |  |  | 13,248 |  |  |  | 13,246 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | (528,859 | ) |  |  | (156,030 | )
Change in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable |  |  | 1,232,119 |  |  |  | (1,063,573 | )
Inventories |  |  | (6,113,280 | ) |  |  | (3,124,749 | )
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | (68,769 | ) |  |  | (154,624 | )
Income tax receivable |  |  | 435,265 |  |  |  | (418,238 | )
Unearned revenue |  |  | (704,673 | ) |  |  | (573,956 | )
Lease liabilities |  |  | (1,097,192 | ) |  |  | (383,189 | )
Grapes payable |  |  | 1,237,560 |  |  |  | (179,928 | )
Accounts payable |  |  | 180,640 |  |  |  | 818,157 |
Accrued expenses |  |  | 53,874 |  |  |  | 271,557 |
Net cash from operating activities |  |  | (1,988,850 | ) |  |  | (2,666,228 | )
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Additions to vineyard development costs |  |  | (419,023 | ) |  |  | (670,257 | )
Additions to property and equipment |  |  | (4,307,947 | ) |  |  | (14,809,417 | )
Net cash from investing activities |  |  | (4,726,970 | ) |  |  | (15,479,674 | )
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from investor deposits held as liability |  |  | 718,857 |  |  |  | 147,511 |
Payment on installment note for property purchase |  |  | (100,303 | ) |  |  | (94,503 | )
Proceeds from bank overdraft |  |  | 393,416 |  |  |  | - |
Proceeds from line of credit |  |  | 2,518,365 |  |  |  | 166,617 |
Payment on long-term debt |  |  | (496,944 | ) |  |  | (472,442 | )
Proceeds from long-term debt |  |  | 1,024,949 |  |  |  | 2,000,000 |
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock |  |  | 3,371,450 |  |  |  | 3,778,461 |
Payment of preferred stock dividend |  |  | (814,164 | ) |  |  | (788,351 | )
Net cash provided by financing activities |  |  | 6,615,626 |  |  |  | 4,737,293 |
NET CHANGE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS |  |  | (100,194 | ) |  |  | (13,408,609 | )
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, beginning of year |  |  | 338,676 |  |  |  | 13,747,285 |
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, end of year |  | $ | 238,482 |  |  | $ | 338,676 |
NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchases of property and equipment and vineyard development costs included in accounts payable |  | $ | 68,855 |  |  | $ | 1,291,029 |
Reduction in investor deposits for preferred stock |  | $ | 147,511 |  |  | $ | 4,134,422 |
Gift cards given in lieu of cash dividends |  | $ | 1,232,933 |  |  | $ | 1,078,100 |
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities |  | $ | 3,674,710 |  |  | $ | 3,369,363 |
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid during the year for: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest paid |  | $ | 595,109 |  |  | $ | 368,691 |
Income tax paid (received) |  | $ | (394,268 | ) |  | $ | 417,686 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.

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NOTE 1 – SUMMARY OF OPERATIONS, BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Organization and operations – Willamette Valley Vineyards, Inc. (the “Company”) owns and operates vineyards, wineries and tasting rooms, and produces and distributes premium, super premium, and ultra-premium wines, primarily Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris, Chardonnay, Riesling and Sparkling wine.

The Company has direct-to-consumer sales and national sales to distributors. These sales channels offer comparable products to customers and utilize similar processes and share resources for production, selling and distribution. Direct-to-consumer sales generate a higher gross profit margin than national sales to distributors due to differentiated pricing between these segments.

Basis of presentation – The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, which require management to make certain estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances at the time. Actual results could differ from those estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Financial instruments and concentrations of risk – The Company has the following financial instruments: cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, grapes payable, and short and long-term debt.

Cash and cash equivalents are maintained at five financial institutions. Deposits held with these financial institutions may exceed the amount of insurance provided on such deposits. Generally, these deposits may be redeemed upon demand and are maintained with a financial institution of reputable credit and therefore bear minimal credit risk.

In 2023, sales to one distributor represented approximately 14.5% of total Company revenue. In 2022, sales to one distributor represented approximately 17.5% of total Company revenue.

At December 31, 2023, one customer accounted for approximately 27% of accounts receivable. At December 31, 2022, two customers accounted for approximately 27% and 14% of accounts receivable.

Other comprehensive income – The nature of the Company’s business and related transactions do not give rise to other comprehensive income.

Cash and cash equivalents – Cash and cash equivalents include money market funds.

Accounts receivable – The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and does not require collateral. A reserve is maintained for potential credit losses. The allowance for credit losses is based on an assessment of the collectability of customer accounts. The Company regularly reviews the allowance by considering factors such as historical experience, credit quality, the age of the accounts receivable balances, and current economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay. The Company has credit risk associated with uncollateralized trade accounts receivable from all operations totaling $2,994,829 as of December 31, 2023, net of the allowance for credit losses. The Company had credit risk associated with uncollateralized trade accounts receivable from all operations totaling $4,226,948 and $3,163,375 as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, net of the allowance for credit losses. The allowance for credit losses is further discussed in Note 2.

Inventories – For Company produced wines, after a portion of the vineyard becomes commercially productive, the annual crop and production costs relating to such portion are recognized as work-in-process inventories. Such costs are accumulated with related direct and indirect harvest costs, wine processing and production costs, and are transferred to finished goods inventories when the wine is produced, bottled, and ready for sale.

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The cost of finished goods is recognized as cost of sales when the wine product is sold. Finished goods and work-in-process inventories are stated at the lower of first-in, first-out cost or net realizable value by variety. Winemaking and packaging materials are stated at the lower of average cost or net realizable value. Net realizable value is the value of an asset that can be realized upon the sale of the asset, less a reasonable estimate of the costs associated with either the eventual sale or the disposal of the asset in question.

In accordance with general practices in the wine industry, wine inventories are generally included in current assets in the accompanying balance sheets, although a portion of such inventories may be aged for more than one year (Note 3).

Vineyard development costs – Vineyard development costs consist primarily of the costs of the vines and expenditures related to labor and materials to prepare the land and construct vine trellises. The costs are capitalized until the vineyard becomes commercially productive, at which time annual amortization is recognized using the straight-line method over the estimated economic useful life of the vineyard, which is estimated to be 30 years. Accumulated amortization of vineyard development costs aggregated $2,518,585 and $2,354,989 at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Amortization of vineyard development costs are included in capitalized crop costs that in turn are included in inventory costs and ultimately become a component of cost of goods sold. For the years ending December 31, 2023 and 2022, $163,596 and $284,980, respectively, was capitalized into inventory costs.

Property and equipment – Property and equipment are stated at cost and are depreciated on the straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. Land improvements are depreciated over 15 to 30 years. Winery buildings are depreciated over 30 years. Equipment is depreciated over 3 to 15 years, depending on the classification of the asset. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of the term of the lease or useful life. Depreciation is discussed further in Note 4.

Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to operating expense as incurred. Expenditures for additions and betterments are capitalized. When assets are sold or otherwise disposed of, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts, and any resulting gain or loss is included in operations.

Review of long-lived assets for impairment – The Company evaluates long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable. Long-lived assets consist primarily of property and equipment, vineyard development costs, and operating lease right of use assets. Circumstances that might cause the Company to evaluate its long-lived assets for impairment could include a significant decline in the prices the Company or the industry can charge for its products, which could be caused by general economic or other factors, changes in laws or regulations that make it difficult or more costly for the Company to distribute its products to its markets at prices which generate adequate returns, natural disasters, significant decrease in demand for the Company’s products or significant increase in the costs to manufacture the Company’s products.

Recoverability of assets is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset group to future net undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset group. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. The Company groups its long-lived assets with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities (or asset group). This would typically be at the winery level. The Company did not recognize any impairment charges associated with long-lived assets during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Income taxes – Income taxes are recognized using enacted tax rates and are composed of taxes on financial accounting income that is adjusted for requirements of current tax law, and deferred taxes. Deferred taxes are estimated using the asset and liability approach, whereby, deferred income taxes are calculated for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the book basis and tax basis of the Company’s assets and liabilities.

The Company had no unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2023 or 2022. The Company recognizes interest assessed by taxing authorities as a component of tax expense. The Company recognizes any penalties assessed by taxing authorities as a component of tax expense. Interest and penalties for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were not material.

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A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that some portion or all the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company evaluates the potential realization of its deferred tax assets by assessing its valuation allowance and by adjusting the amount of such allowance, if necessary. The factors used to assess the likelihood of realization included the Company’s forecast of future taxable income or loss and available tax planning strategies that could be implemented to realize the net deferred tax assets. Certain intangible assets and liabilities will be deductible for tax purposes and may result in deferred tax assets and liabilities as the benefits are recognized in the Company’s tax returns.

The Company files U.S. federal income tax returns with the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) as well as income tax returns in Oregon and California. The Company may be subject to examination by the IRS for tax years 2020 through 2023. Additionally, the Company may be subject to examinations by state taxing jurisdictions for tax years 2019 through 2023. The Company is not aware of any current examinations by the IRS or the state taxing authorities.

Revenue recognition – The Company recognizes revenue once its performance obligation to the customer is completed, and control of the product or service is transferred to the customer. Revenue reflects the total amount the Company receives, or expects to receive, from the customer and includes shipping costs that are billed and included in the consideration. Excise taxes that are accrued and paid, as a result of a transaction, are accounted for as an offset to sales in the net sales calculation. The Company’s contractual obligations to customers generally have a single point of obligation and are short term in nature.

The cost of price promotions and rebates are treated as reductions of revenue. Credit sales are recorded as trade accounts receivable, and no collateral is required. Revenue from items sold through the Company’s retail locations is recognized at the time of sale. Net revenue reported herein is shown net of sales allowances and excise taxes. If the conditions for revenue recognition are not met, the Company defers the revenue until all conditions are met. As of December 31, 2023, the Company has recorded deferred revenue in the amount of $490,523, which is included in unearned revenue on the balance sheet. As of December 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021, the Company has recorded deferred revenue in the amount of $335,431 and $255,376, respectively, which is included in unearned revenue on the balance sheet. Gift cards that have been issued but not used are also treated as unearned revenue and were $1,480,138 as of December 31, 2023. Gift cards that have been issued but not used are also treated as unearned revenue and were $1,106,970 and $682,881 as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Distributor Sales Segment – Wholesale wine sales are through distributors and the Company recognizes revenue when the product is shipped, and title passes to the distributor. The Company’s standard terms are ‘FOB’ shipping point, with no customer acceptance provisions. The cost of price promotions and rebates are treated as reductions of revenue. Credit sales are recorded as trade accounts receivable, and no collateral is required.

The Company has price incentive programs with its distributors to encourage product placement and depletions. Sales are reported net of incentive program expenses. Incentive program payments are made when completed incentive program payment requests are received from the customers. For the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded incentive program expenses of $1,057,198 and $1,333,396, respectively, as a reduction in sales on the Statements of Operations. As of December 31, 2023, and 2022, the Company has recorded an incentive program liability in the amount of $54,003 and $111,398, respectively, which is included in accrued expenses on the balance sheets. Estimates are based on historical and projected experience for each type of program or customer and have historically been in line with actual costs incurred.

Direct Sales Segment – The Company sells wine directly to customers through its tasting rooms, web site and wine club. Additionally, the Company sells merchandise, food, and hospitality related services through its tasting rooms.

Tasting room sales are recognized as revenue at the point of sale and internet sales are recognized at time of shipment. Hospitality sales, that are paid in advance of the event, are accrued as unearned revenue, and are subsequently recognized as revenue in the period of the event. Wine club sales are made under an agreement with the customer, which specifies the quantity and timing of the wine club shipment. Wine club charges are billed to the customer’s credit card, at the time of shipment, and revenue is then recognized.

The Company periodically sells bulk wine or grapes that either do not meet the Company’s quality standards or are in excess of production requirements. These sales are recognized when ownership transfers to the buyer which occurs at the point of shipment.

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Cost of goods sold – Costs of goods sold include costs associated with grape growing, external grape costs, packaging materials, winemaking and production costs, vineyard and production administrative support and overhead costs, purchasing and receiving costs and warehousing costs.

Administrative support, purchasing, receiving and most other fixed overhead costs are expensed as selling, general and administrative expenses without regard to inventory units. Warehouse and winery production and facilities costs are allocated to inventory units on a per gallon basis during the production of wine, prior to bottling the final product. No further costs are allocated to inventory units after bottling.

Selling, general and administrative expenses – Selling, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of non-manufacturing administrative and overhead costs, advertising, and other marketing promotions. Advertising costs are expensed as incurred or the first time the advertising takes place. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, advertising costs incurred were $393,859 and $340,427 respectively.

The Company provides an allowance to distributors for providing sample of products to potential customers. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, these costs, which are included in selling, general and administrative expenses were, $93,272 and $87,996, respectively.

Shipping and handling costs – Amounts paid by customers to the Company for shipping and handling costs are included in net sales. Costs incurred for shipping and handling charges are included in selling, general and administrative expense. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, shipping and handling costs incurred were $723,787 and $681,975 respectively.

Excise taxes – The Company pays alcohol excise taxes based on product sales to both the Oregon Liquor Control Commission and to the U.S. Department of the Treasury, Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau. The Company is liable for the taxes upon the removal of product from the Company’s warehouse on a per gallon basis. The federal tax rate is affected by a small winery tax credit provision, which declines based upon the number of gallons of wine production in a year rather than the quantity sold. The Company also pays taxes on the grape harvest on a per ton basis to the Oregon Liquor Control Commission for the Oregon Wine Advisory. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, excise taxes incurred were $431,714 and $312,103 respectively.

Loss per common share after preferred dividends – loss per share is computed based on the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding each year.

Leases – We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. On our balance sheets, our operating leases are included in Operating lease right of use (“ROU”) assets, Current portion of lease liabilities and Lease liabilities, net of current portion. The Company does not currently have any finance leases. Leases that have a term of twelve months or less upon commencement date are considered short-term in nature. Accordingly, short-term leases are not included on the balance sheets and are expensed on a straight-line basis over the lease term, which commences on the date we have the right to control the property.

ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. For leases that do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. We use the implicit rate when readily determinable. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Significant judgment may be required when determining whether a contract contains a lease, the length of the lease term, the allocation of the consideration in a contract between lease and non-lease components, and the determination of the discount rate included in our leases. We review the underlying objective of each contract, the terms of the contract, and consider our current and future business conditions when making these judgments.

Recently adopted accounting pronouncements

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, and in May 2019 issued ASU 2019-05, Credit Losses (Topic 326): Targeted Transition Relief (collectively referred to as “Topic 326”). Topic 326 requires the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on all relevant information, such as historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that could impact the collectability of the amounts.

The Company adopted Topic 326 effective January 1, 2023, using the modified retrospective approach. No cumulative effect adjustment was required to opening retained earnings. The Company measures expected credit losses of financial assets based on historical loss and other information available to management. These expected credit losses are recorded to an allowance for credit losses valuation account that is deducted from accounts receivable to present the net amount expected to be collected on the financial assets in the balance sheet. As of December 31, 2023, no change to allowance for credit losses was deemed necessary.

Recently issued accounting pronouncements

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which expands annual and interim disclosure requirements for reportable segments, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The expanded annual disclosures are effective for our year ending December 31, 2024, and the expanded interim disclosures are effective in 2025 and will be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that ASU 2023-07 will have on our consolidated financial statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires, among other things, additional disclosures primarily related to the income tax rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. The expanded annual disclosures are effective for our year ending December 31, 2025. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that ASU 2023-09 will have on our consolidated financial statements and whether we will apply the standard prospectively or retrospectively.

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NOTE 2 – ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET

The Company’s accounts receivable balance is net of an allowance for credit losses of $10,000 at December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Changes in the allowance for credit losses are as follows:

Schedule of Changes in Allowance for Credit Losses

|  | Year ended December 31, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Beginning of year |  | $ | 10,000 |  |  | $ | 10,000 |
Charged to costs and expenses |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Write-offs, net of recoveries |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
End of year |  | $ | 10,000 |  |  | $ | 10,000 |

NOTE 3 – INVENTORIES

Inventory consists of the following at December 31, 2023 and 2022:

Schedule of Inventories

|  | December 31, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Winemaking and packaging materials |  | $ | 1,113,170 |  |  | $ | 1,162,850 |
Work-in-process (costs relating to unprocessed and/or unbottled wine products) |  |  | 15,952,118 |  |  |  | 12,047,579 |
Finished goods (bottled wine and related products) |  |  | 11,249,491 |  |  |  | 8,991,070 |
Total inventories |  | $ | 28,314,779 |  |  | $ | 22,201,499 |

NOTE 4 – PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

Property and equipment consists of the following at December 31, 2023 and 2022:

Schedule of Property and Equipment, Net

|  | December 31, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Construction in progress |  | $ | 639,840 |  |  | $ | 2,037,128 |
Land, improvements and other buildings |  |  | 14,491,827 |  |  |  | 14,491,827 |
Winery buildings and tasting rooms |  |  | 43,991,586 |  |  |  | 40,806,365 |
Equipment |  |  | 20,103,535 |  |  |  | 18,805,695 |
Property and equipment, gross |  |  | 79,226,788 |  |  |  | 76,141,015 |
Accumulated depreciation |  |  | (25,857,151 | ) |  |  | (22,593,770 | )
Property and equipment, net |  | $ | 53,369,637 |  |  | $ | 53,547,245 |

Depreciation expense was $3,263,381 and $2,030,921 during the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

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NOTE 5 – LINE OF CREDIT FACILITY

In December of 2005, the Company entered into a revolving line of credit agreement with Umpqua Bank that allows borrowing up to $2,000,000 against eligible accounts receivable and inventories, as defined in the agreement. The revolving line bears interest at prime less 0.5%, with a floor of 3.25%, is payable monthly, and is subject to renewal. In July 2021, the Company renewed the credit agreement until July 31, 2023. In November 2022, the Company increased the borrowing line up to $5,000,000. In July 2023 the line of credit was renewed for an additional two years. The Company had an outstanding line of credit balance of $2,684,982 at December 31, 2023, at an interest rate of 8.0%, and an outstanding line of credit balance of $166,617 at December 31, 2022, at an interest rate of 6.5%.

The line of credit agreement includes various covenants, which among other things, requires the Company to maintain minimum amounts of tangible net worth, debt-to-equity, and debt service coverage, as defined, and limits the level of acquisitions of property and equipment. As of December 31, 2023, the Company was out of compliance with a debt covenant. The Company has received a waiver from Umqua Bank waiving this violation until the next measurement date of December 31, 2024.

NOTE 6 – NOTES PAYABLE

In February of 2017, the Company purchased property, including vineyard land, bare land and structures in the Dundee Hills AVA under terms that included a 15 year note payable with quarterly payments of $42,534 at 6%. The note may be called by the owner, up to the outstanding balance, with 180 days written notice. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had a balance of $1,100,735 and $1,201,038, respectively, due on this note.

NOTE 7 – LONG-TERM DEBT

Long-term debt consists of the following at December 31, 2023 and 2022:

Schedule of Long-term Debt

|  | December 31, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
AgWest Loan #4 |  | $ | 829,386 |  |  | $ | 972,941 |
AgWest Loan #5 |  |  | 3,736,324 |  |  |  | 4,089,713 |
AgWest loan #6 |  |  | 3,024,949 |  |  |  | 2,000,000 |
Long-Term Debt, Gross |  |  | 7,590,659 |  |  |  | 7,062,654 |
Debt issuance costs |  |  | (105,989 | ) |  |  | (119,237 | )
Current portion of long-term debt |  |  | (522,798 | ) |  |  | (496,970 | )
Long-Term Debt |  | $ | 6,961,872 |  |  | $ | 6,446,447 |

The Company has three long term debt agreements with AgWest with an aggregate outstanding balance of $7,590,659 and $7,062,654 as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The first two outstanding loans require monthly principal and interest payments of $62,067 for the life of the loans, at annual fixed interest rates of 4.75% and 5.21%, and with maturity dates of 2028 and 2032, respectively. The general purposes of these loans were to make capital improvements to the winery and vineyard facilities. The third loan bears interest at Northwest Variable base, which was 7.80% and 6.50% at December 31, 2023, and 2022, respectively, with interest due annually and principal at maturity on November 1, 2025.

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Future minimum principal payments of long-term debt are as follows for the years ending December 31:

Schedule of Future Minimum Principal Payment for Long-Term Debt Maturities

2024 |  |  | 522,798 |
2025 |  |  | 3,574,920 |
2026 |  |  | 578,559 |
2027 |  |  | 608,636 |
2028 |  |  | 640,299 |
Thereafter |  |  | 1,665,447 |
Total |  | $ | 7,590,659 |

The weighted-average interest rates on the aforementioned borrowings for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, was 6.19% and 5.57% respectively.

NOTE 8 – SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

The Company is authorized to issue 10,000,000 shares of its common stock. Each share of common stock is entitled to one vote. At its discretion, the Board of Directors may declare dividends on shares of common stock so long as the Company has paid or set aside funds for all cumulative dividends on its preferred stock. The Board does not anticipate paying dividends on its common stock in the foreseeable future.

The Company is authorized to issue 100,000,000 shares of redeemable preferred stock. Each share of the Company’s currently issued preferred stock is non-voting. The Company’s Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock includes an annual dividend of $0.22 per share and is payable annually. Additionally, the Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock contains a liquidation preference over the Company’s common stock and is subject to optional redemption after June 1, 2021 at the sole discretion of the Company’s Board of Directors. The liquidation preference is calculated at the original issue price of $4.15 per share plus all accrued but unpaid dividends. The optional redemption, if implemented, would be at the original issue price of $4.15 per share plus all accrued but unpaid dividends plus a redemption premium of 3% of the original issue price. In November 2023 and November 2022, the Company declared a dividend on its Series A Redeemable Preferred stock and paid the dividend on December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 respectively. The Company is current on its dividend obligations.

NOTE 9 – STOCK INCENTIVE PLAN

The Company had a stock incentive plan, originally created in 1992, most recently amended in 2001. No additional grants may be made under the plan. All stock options contained an exercise price that was equal to the fair market value of the Company’s stock on the date the options were granted. There were no stock options outstanding or exercisable at December 31, 2023 and 2022.

No stock compensation expense under this plan was recognized for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. As of December 31, 2023, there was no unrecognized compensation expense related to stock options.

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NOTE 10 – INCOME TAXES

The provision for income taxes consists of:

Schedule of Income Tax Provision

|  | Year Ended December 31, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Current tax expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal |  | $ | 4,296 |  |  | $ | 34,120 |
State |  |  | 36,702 |  |  |  | 2,263 |
Current tax expense |  |  | 40,998 |  |  |  | 36,383 |
Deferred tax benefit: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal |  |  | (425,065 | ) |  |  | (121,662 | )
State |  |  | (103,794 | ) |  |  | (34,367 | )
Deferred tax benefit |  |  | (528,859 | ) |  |  | (156,029 | )
Total |  | $ | (487,861 | ) |  | $ | (119,646 | )

The effective income tax rate differs from the federal statutory rate as follows:

|  | Year Ended December 31, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Federal statutory rate |  |  | 21.00 | % |  |  | 21.00 | %
State taxes, net of federal benefit |  |  | 2.69 | % |  |  | 3.60 | %
Permanent differences |  |  | -3.24 | % |  |  | -5.63 | %
State tax rate change |  |  | 13.26 | % |  |  | 1.13 | %
Prior year adjustments |  |  | -3.07 | % |  |  | -5.34 | %
Changes in tax rates and other |  |  | -1.71 | % |  |  | 0.37 | %
Total |  |  | 28.93 | % |  |  | 15.13 | %

Permanent differences for the periods consist primarily of changes in non-deductible gifts, meals and entertainment as well as political contributions. Changes in tax rate are detailed above. The State tax rate change is related to a decrease in apportionable income to the States.

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Net deferred tax assets and (liabilities) at December 31 consist of:

Schedule of Net Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

|  | December 31, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Net operating losses |  | $ | 1,246,963 |  |  | $ | 1,518,394 |
Various accruals and deferred timing differences |  |  | 520,170 |  |  |  | 230,574 |
Prepaid expenses |  |  | (68,926 | ) |  |  | (50,227 | )
Depreciation |  |  | (4,033,750 | ) |  |  | (4,418,327 | )
Inventory |  |  | (576,075 | ) |  |  | (720,891 | )
Net deferred tax liability |  | $ | (2,911,618 | ) |  | $ | (3,440,477 | )

The Company recognizes the tax benefit from uncertain tax positions only if it is more likely than not that the tax positions will be sustained on examination by the tax authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefit is measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Interest and penalties related to income tax matters are recognized in income tax expense. The Company recognized no uncertain tax positions, or any accrued interest and penalties associated with uncertain tax positions as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

FASB ASC 740 requires that the tax benefit of net operating losses, temporary differences and credit carryforwards be recorded as an asset to the extent that management assesses that realization is “more likely than not.” Realization of the future tax benefits is dependent on the Company’s ability to generate sufficient taxable income within the carryforward period. Management believes that the Company will generate sufficient taxable income in the timeframe required to utilize existing net operating losses and therefore no valuation allowance has been recognized.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company has federal net operating loss carryforward of approximately $4,944,891 that do not expire, state net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $3,512,997 which will start expiring in 2033.

NOTE 11 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

The Company provides living accommodations in a residence on the Company’s premises, at its convenience, for the Company’s chief executive officer (“CEO”). The CEO provides security and lock-up services and is required to live on premises as a condition of his employment. Over the years the Company has recorded annual expenses less than $12,000, exclusive of depreciation, related to the housing provided for its CEO.

The Company engages James Ellis a Board member for consulting services. The amount of this compensation was $9,446 in 2023 and $9,400 in 2022.

NOTE 12 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Litigation – From time to time, in the normal course of business, the Company is a party to legal proceedings. Management believes that these matters will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows, but, due to the nature of litigation, the ultimate outcome of any potential actions cannot presently be determined.

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Operating leases – Vineyard - In December 1999, under a sale-leaseback agreement, the Company sold approximately 79 acres of the Tualatin Vineyards property with a net book value of approximately $1,000,000 for approximately $1,500,000 cash and entered into a 20-year operating lease agreement, with three five-year extension options, and contains an escalation provision of 2.5% per year. The Company extended the lease in January 2019 until January 2025. This property is referred to as the Peter Michael Vineyard and includes approximately 69 acres of producing vineyards.

In December 2004, under a sale-leaseback agreement, the Company sold approximately 75 acres of the Tualatin Vineyards property with a net book value of approximately $551,000 for approximately $727,000 cash and entered into a 15-year operating lease agreement, with three five-year extension options, for the vineyard portion of the property. The first two five year extension has been exercised. The lease contains a formula-based escalation provision with a maximum increase of 4% every three years. This property is referred to as the Meadowview Vineyard and includes approximately 49 acres of producing vineyards.

In February 2007, the Company entered into a lease agreement for 59 acres of vineyard land at Elton Vineyard. In June 2021 the Company entered into a new 11 year lease for this property. The lease contains an escalation provision tied to the CPI not to exceed 2% per annum. This property includes 54 acres of producing vineyards and 2 additional plantable acres.

In July 2008, the Company entered into a 34-year lease agreement with a property owner in the Eola Hills for approximately 110 acres adjacent to the existing Elton Vineyards site. These 110 acres are being developed into vineyards. Terms of this agreement contain rent increases, that rises as the vineyard is developed, and contains an escalation provision of CPI plus 0.5% per year capped at 4%. This property is referred to as part of Ingram Vineyard and includes 93 acres of producing vineyards and 17 additional plantable acres.

In March 2017, the Company entered into a 25-year lease for approximately 17 acres of agricultural land in Dundee, Oregon. This lease contains an annual payment that remains constant throughout the term of the lease. This property is referred to as part of Bernau Estate Vineyard and includes 9 acres of pre-production vineyards.

Operating Leases – Non-Vineyard – In September 2018, the Company renewed an existing lease for three years, with two one-year renewal options, for its McMinnville tasting room. In May 2022 the Company amended the lease to extend the lease to August 2025 with one three year renewal option and defined payments over the term of the lease.

In January 2018, the Company assumed a lease, through December 2022, for its Maison Bleue tasting room in Walla Walla, Washington. In January 2023, the Company entered into a new lease to December 2027 with one five year renewal option, and defined payments over the term of the lease. For right of use asset and liability calculations the Company has not included the renewal option.

In February 2020, the Company entered into a lease for 5 years, with three five-year renewal options for a retail wine facility in Folsom, California, referred to as Willamette Wineworks. The lease contains an escalation provision tied to the CPI not to exceed 3% per annum with increases not allowed in any year being carried forward to the following years. For right of use asset and liability calculations the Company has concluded it is reasonably certain to extend available options through February 2040.

In March 2021, the Company entered into a lease for 10 years, with two five-year renewal options for a retail wine facility in Vancouver, Washington. The lease defines the payments over the term of the lease and option periods. For right of use asset and liability calculations the Company has concluded it is reasonably certain to extend available options through August 2041.

In February 2022, the Company entered into a lease for 10 years, with three five-year renewal options for a retail wine facility in Lake Oswego, Oregon. The lease defines the payments over the term of the lease and option periods. For right of use asset and liability calculations the Company has concluded it is reasonably certain to extend available options through January 2042.

In May 2022, the Company entered into a lease for 10 years, with two five-year renewal options for a retail wine facility in Happy Valley, Oregon. The lease defines the payments over the term of the lease and option periods. For right of use asset and liability calculations the Company has concluded it is reasonably certain to extend available options through May 2042.

In January 2023, the Company entered into a lease for 10 years, with three five-year renewal options for a retail wine facility in Bend, Oregon. The lease defines the payments over the term of the lease. For right of use asset and liability calculations the Company has assumed it will operate in this location for 10 years.

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The following tables provide lease cost and other lease information:

Schedule of Lease Cost and Other Lease Information

|  | Year Ended December 31, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Lease Cost |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Lease cost - Vineyards |  | $ | 459,128 |  |  | $ | 459,128 |
Operating Lease cost - Other |  |  | 879,930 |  |  |  | 690,924 |
Short-term lease cost |  |  | 39,644 |  |  |  | 37,746 |
Total Lease Cost |  | $ | 1,378,702 |  |  | $ | 1,187,798 |
Other information |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities, |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating cash flows from operating leases - Vineyard |  |  | 456,949 |  |  |  | 450,026 |
Operating cash flows from operating leases - Other |  |  | 836,465 |  |  |  | 437,091 |
Weighted-average remaining lease term - Operating leases (in years) |  |  | 15.78 |  |  |  | 11.15 |
Weighted-average discount rate - Operating leases |  |  | 7.87 | % |  |  | 5.15 | %

Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease obligations were $3,674,710 and $3,369,363 for the years ended December 31 2023 and 2022, respectively.

In 2023, the Company concluded it was reasonably certain it would exercise the available extension options on certain leases as described above. As a result, a remeasurement of the lease liability was completed resulting in an increase to the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities in the amount of $2,979,145, which is included in the $3,674,710 disclosed above for the right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities.

As of December 31, 2023, maturities of lease liabilities were as follows:

Schedule of Maturities of Lease Liabilities

|  | Operating |
Years Ended December 31, |  | Leases |
2024 |  | $ | 1,340,543 |
2025 |  |  | 1,326,705 |
2026 |  |  | 1,299,824 |
2027 |  |  | 1,354,008 |
2028 |  |  | 1,339,747 |
Thereafter |  |  | 14,912,964 |
Total minimal lease payments |  |  | 21,573,791 |
Less present value adjustment |  |  | (9,720,625 | )
Operating lease liabilities |  |  | 11,853,166 |
Less current lease liabilities |  |  | (450,452 | )
Lease liabilities, net of current portion |  | $ | 11,402,714 |

Grape Purchases – The Company has entered into long-term grape purchase agreements with a number of Willamette Valley wine grape growers. With these agreements the Company purchases an annually agreed upon quantity of fruit, at pre-determined prices, within strict quality standards and crop loads. The Company cannot calculate the minimum or maximum payment as such a calculation is dependent in large part on unknowns such as the quantity of fruit needed by the Company and the availability of grapes produced that meet the strict quality standards in any given year. If no grapes are produced that meet the contractual quality levels, the grapes may be refused, and no payment would be due. The Company purchased grapes amounting to $5,255,055 and $2,508,419 during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company had an outstanding balance due on grape purchase agreements of $2,446,233 and $1,208,673 as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

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NOTE 13 – EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLAN

In February 2006, the Company instituted a 401(k) profit sharing plan (the “Plan”) covering all eligible employees. Employees who participate may elect to make salary deferral contributions to the Plan up to 100% of the employees’ eligible payroll subject to annual Internal Revenue Code maximum limitations. The Company may make a discretionary contribution to the entire qualified employee pool, in accordance with the Plan. For the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2022, there were $186,636 and $196,198 of contributions made by the Company to the Plan, respectively.

NOTE 14 – SALE OF PREFERRED STOCK

On June 11, 2021, the Company filed with the SEC an additional Prospectus Supplement to the 2020 Form S-3, pursuant to which the Company sold an aggregate of 1,918,939 shares of its Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock for aggregate proceeds of $9,008,334 net of acquisition costs.

On July 1, 2022, the Company filed a new shelf Registration Statement on Form S-3 (the “July 2022 Form S-3”) with the SEC pertaining to the potential future issuance of one or more classes or series of debt, equity, or derivative securities. The maximum aggregate offering amount of securities sold pursuant to the June 2022 Form S-3 is not to exceed $20,000,000. On August 1, 2022 and September 1 2022, the Company filed with the SEC Prospectus Supplements to the July 2022 Form S-3, pursuant to which the Company proposed to offer and sell, on a delayed or continuous basis, up to 213,158 shares of Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock having proceeds not to exceed $1,097,765 and up to 284,995 shares of Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock having proceeds not to exceed $1,467,729, respectively. Each of these Prospectus Supplements established that our shares of preferred stock were to be sold in three offering periods with three separate offering prices beginning with an offering price of $5.15 per share and concluding with an offering of $5.35 per share. On October 3, 2022, the Company filed with the SEC a Prospectus Supplement to the July 2022 Form S-3, pursuant to which the Company proposed to offer and sell, on a delayed or continuous basis, up to 233,564 shares of Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock having proceeds not to exceed $1,226,211. This Prospectus Supplement established that our shares of preferred stock were to be sold in two offering periods with two separate offering prices beginning with an offering price of $5.25 per share and concluding with an offering of $5.35 per share. On November 1, 2022, the Company filed with the SEC a Prospectus Supplement to the July 2022 Form S-3, pursuant to which the Company proposed to offer and sell, on a delayed or continuous basis, up to 344,861 shares of Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock having proceeds not to exceed $1,845,009. This Prospectus Supplement established that our shares of preferred stock were to be sold in one offering period with an offering price of $5.35 per share. Net proceeds of $3,558,807 have been received under these offerings as of December, 31 2023 for the issuance of Preferred Stock.

On June 30, 2023, the Company filed with the SEC a Prospectus Supplement to the July 2022 Form S-3, pursuant to which the Company proposed to offer and sell, on a delayed or continuous basis, up to 727,835 shares of Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock having proceeds not to exceed $3,530,000. This Prospectus Supplement established that our shares of preferred stock were to be sold in two offering periods with two separate offering prices beginning with an offering price of $4.85 per share and concluding with an offering of $5.35 per share. On October 27, 2023, the Company filed with the SEC a Prospectus Supplement to the July 2022 Form S-3, pursuant to which the Company proposed to offer and sell, on a delayed or continuous basis, up to 288,659 shares of Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock having proceeds not to exceed $1,400,000. This Prospectus Supplement established that our shares of preferred stock were to be sold in one offering period with an offering price of $5.35 per share. Net proceeds of $3,687,564 have been received under these offering as of December, 31 2023 for the issuance of Preferred Stock.

Shareholders have the option to receive dividends as cash or as a gift card for purchasing Company products. The amount of unused dividend gift cards at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was $1,480,138 and $1,106,970, respectively, and is recorded as unearned revenue on the balance sheets. Revenue from gift cards is recognized when the gift card is redeemed by a customer. When the likelihood of a gift card being redeemed by a customer is determined to be remote and the Company expects to be entitled to the breakage, then the value of the unredeemed gift card is recognized as revenue. We determine the gift card breakage rate based upon Company-specific historical redemption patterns. To date we have determined that no breakage should be recognized related to our gift cards.

Dividends accrued but not paid will be added to the liquidation preference of the stock until the dividend is declared and paid. At any time after June 1, 2021, the Company has the option, but not the obligation, to redeem all of the outstanding preferred stock in an amount equal to the original issue price plus accrued but unpaid dividends and a redemption premium equal to 3% of the original issue price.

NOTE 15 – SEGMENT REPORTING

The Company has identified two operating segments, Direct Sales and Distributor Sales, based upon their different distribution channels, margins and selling strategies. Direct Sales include retail sales in the tasting rooms, wine club sales, internet sales, on-site events, kitchen and catering sales and other sales made directly to the consumer without the use of an intermediary, including sales of bulk wine or grapes. Distributor Sales include all sales through a third party where prices are given at a wholesale rate.

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The two segments reflect how the Company’s operations are evaluated by senior management and the structure of its internal financial reporting. The Company evaluates performance based on the gross profit of the respective business segments. Selling expenses that can be directly attributable to the segment, including depreciation of segment specific assets, are included, however, centralized selling expenses and general and administrative expenses are not allocated between operating segments. Therefore, net income (loss) information for the respective segments is not available. Discrete financial information related to segment assets, other than segment specific depreciation associated with selling, is not available and that information continues to be aggregated.

The following table outlines the sales, cost of sales, gross margin, directly attributable selling expenses, and contribution margin of the segments for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. Sales figures are net of related excise taxes.

Schedule of Segment reporting

|  | Twelve Months Ended December 31, |
|  | Direct Sales |  |  | Distributor Sales |  |  | Unallocated |  |  | Total |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Sales, net |  | $ | 20,518,872 |  |  | $ | 15,732,142 |  |  | $ | 18,617,242 |  |  | $ | 18,201,939 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 39,136,114 |  |  | $ | 33,934,081 |
Cost of sales |  |  | 6,159,109 |  |  |  | 4,710,457 |  |  |  | 10,419,877 |  |  |  | 10,409,528 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 16,578,986 |  |  |  | 15,119,985 |
Gross margin |  |  | 14,359,763 |  |  |  | 11,021,685 |  |  |  | 8,197,365 |  |  |  | 7,792,411 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 22,557,128 |  |  |  | 18,814,096 |
Selling expenses |  |  | 14,327,967 |  |  |  | 10,690,806 |  |  |  | 2,145,576 |  |  |  | 2,020,713 |  |  |  | 1,090,560 |  |  |  | 928,771 |  |  |  | 17,564,103 |  |  |  | 13,640,290 |
Contribution margin |  | $ | 31,796 |  |  | $ | 330,879 |  |  | $ | 6,051,789 |  |  | $ | 5,771,698 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Percent of sales |  |  | 52.4 | % |  |  | 46.4 | % |  |  | 47.6 | % |  |  | 53.6 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
General and administrative expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6,200,227 |  |  |  | 5,720,224 |  |  |  | 6,200,227 |  |  |  | 5,720,224 |
Loss from operations |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (1,207,202 | ) |  | $ | (546,418 | )

Direct sales include $69,924 and $97,652 of bulk wine and grape sales in the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Net direct-to-consumer sales, including bulk wine, miscellaneous sales, and grape sales, represented approximately 52.4% and 46.4% of total net sales for 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Net sales through distributors represented approximately 47.6% and 53.6% of total net sales for 2023 and 2022, respectively.

NOTE 16 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Subsequent events are events or transactions that occur after the balance sheet date but before financial statements are issued. The Company recognizes in the financial statements the effects of all subsequent events that provide additional evidence about conditions that existed at the date of the balance sheet, including the estimates inherent in the process of preparing the financial statements. The Company’s financial statements do not recognize subsequent events that provide evidence about conditions that did not exist at the date of the balance sheet but arose after the balance sheet date and before financial statements are issued. The Company has not identified any material subsequent events.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We carried out an evaluation as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-5(e) under the Exchange Act) pursuant to paragraph (b) of Rules 13a-15 and 15d-5 under the Exchange Act. Based on that review, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act: (1) is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms; and (2) is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

It should be noted that any system of controls is based in part upon certain assumptions designed to obtain reasonable (and not absolute) assurance as to its effectiveness, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals.

Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of the Company’s financial reporting and the preparation of the Company’s financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) promulgated under the Exchange Act and includes those policies and procedures that: (a) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the Company’s assets; (b) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that the Company’s receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of the Company’s management and directors; and (c) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements. All internal controls, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation.

The Company’s management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013). Based on this assessment, management has concluded that, as of December 31, 2023, our internal control over financial reporting was effective.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have not been any changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the Company’s fourth fiscal quarter that our certifying officers concluded materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS

None.

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PART III

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

The following table sets forth certain information regarding the Company’s directors and executive officers:

|  |  |  |  |  | Group |  | Term
Name |  | Position(s) with the Company |  | Age |  | Number |  | Ends
James W. Bernau (3) |  | Chairperson of the Board, CEO |  | 70 |  | I |  | 2026
|  | President and Director |  |  |  |  |  |
Craig Smith (2)(3)(4) |  | Secretary and Director |  | 77 |  | II |  | 2024
John Ferry |  | Chief Financial Officer |  | 58 |  | NA |  | NA
James L. Ellis (3) |  | Director |  | 79 |  | III |  | 2025
Sean M. Cary (2) |  | Director |  | 50 |  | I |  | 2026
Stan G. Turel (1)(2)(3)(4) |  | Director |  | 75 |  | II |  | 2024
Sarah Rose |  | Director |  | 38 |  | II |  | 2024
Cara Pepper Day (1) |  | Director |  | 45 |  | III |  | 2025

| (1) | Member of the Compensation Committee

| (2) | Member of the Audit Committee

| (3) | Member of the Executive Committee

| (4) | Member of the Capital Development Committee

All directors hold office until the end of their term’s respective annual meeting of shareholders or until their successors have been elected and qualified. Executive officers are appointed by the Board and serve at the pleasure of the Board. The Board is divided into three groups (I, II, and III). Each director shall serve for a term ending on the date of the third annual meeting following the annual meeting at which such director was elected.

There are no family relationships among any of our current directors or executive officers. Set forth below is additional information about each director and executive officer of the Company.

James W. Bernau – Mr. Bernau has been President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company and Chairperson of the Board of Directors of the Company since its inception in May 1988. Mr. Bernau, an Oregon winegrower, originally established Willamette Valley Vineyards as a sole proprietorship in 1983, and he co-founded the Company in 1988 with Salem grape grower, Donald Voorhies. From 1981 to September 1989, Mr. Bernau was Director of the Oregon Chapter of the National Federation of Independent Businesses (“NFIB”), an association of 15,000 independent businesses in Oregon. Mr. Bernau has served as the President of the Oregon Winegrowers Association and the Treasurer of the association’s Political Action Committee (PAC) and Chair of the Promotions Committee of the Oregon Wine Advisory Board, the State of Oregon’s agency dedicated to the development of the industry. In March 2005, Mr. Bernau received the industry’s Founder’s Award for his service. Mr. Bernau’s qualifications to serve on the Company’s Board of Directors include his more than 30 years of leadership of the Company and his industry experience and contacts.

Craig Smith, MBA, JD – Mr. Smith has served as a director since October 2007 and as Secretary since 2009. For over 20 years Mr. Smith served as the Vice President/Chief Financial Officer of Chemeketa Community College in Salem, Oregon. He was an Adjunct Professor at the Atkinson Graduate School of Management at Willamette University, as well as Managing Partner of Faler, Grove, Mueller & Smith, a large local CPA firm. He has served on many State of Oregon commissions and as the Board Chairperson for many of the local non-profit and educational institutions including the Salem Keizer School Board, Chemeketa Community College Board of Education, Oregon State Fair Council, Oregon Fair Dismissal Appeals Board, Mid-Willamette Valley Council of Governments, Oregon School Boards Association and the United Way. Now retired Mr. Smith was a member of the Oregon State Bar as well as a Certified public accountant. Mr. Smith’s qualifications to serve on the Company’s Board of Directors include his financial and accounting experience.

John Ferry – Mr. Ferry has served as Chief Financial Officer of the Company since September 2019, and served as President of Contact Industries, a wood products-based OEM supplier, from November 2014 until July 2019. He served as CFO of Lifeport Inc., a division of Sikorsky Aircraft, from April 2012 to November 2014. Further, he has served in senior financial leadership positions in various Aerospace-related industries dating back to 1996. Mr. Ferry has earned an Executive MBA from Bath University, in England, and a MA Hon’s degree in Accounts/Economics from Dundee University in Scotland.

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James L. Ellis – Mr. Ellis has served as a director since July 1991. Mr. Ellis retired from full time duties with the Company in July of 2009. He currently serves as the Company’s ombudsman and works part-time on selected projects. Mr. Ellis previously served as the Company’s Director of Human Resources from 1993 to 2009. He was the Company’s Secretary from 1997 to 2009, and Vice President /Corporate from 1998 to 2009. From 1990 to 1992, Mr. Ellis was a partner in Kenneth L. Fisher, Ph.D. & Associates, a management-consulting firm. From 1980 to 1990, Mr. Ellis was Vice President and General Manager of R.A. Kevane & Associates, a Pacific Northwest personnel-consulting firm. From 1962 to 1979, Mr. Ellis was a member of and administrator for the Christian Brothers of California, owner of Mont La Salle Vineyards and producer of Christian Brothers wines and brandy. Mr. Ellis’ qualifications to serve on the Company’s Board of Directors include his prior experience as a member of the Company’s senior management, as well as more than 40 years of business experience.

Sean M. Cary – Mr. Cary has served as a director since July 2007. Mr. Cary is the Chief Financial Officer of Pacific Excavation, Inc., a Eugene, Oregon based heavy and civil engineering contractor. Previously, Mr. Cary served as the CFO of CBT Nuggets, LLC, the Corporate Controller of National Warranty Corporation, the CFO of Cascade Structural Laminators and prior to that as Controller of Willamette Valley Vineyards. Mr. Cary served in the U.S. Air Force as a Financial Officer. Mr. Cary holds a Master of Business Administration degree from the University of Oregon and a Bachelor of Science Degree in Management from the U.S. Air Force Academy. Mr. Cary’s qualifications to serve on the Company’s Board of Directors include his financial and accounting expertise.

Stan G. Turel – Mr. Turel has served as a director since November 1994. Mr. Turel is President of Turel Enterprises, a real estate management company managing his own properties in Oregon, Washington and Idaho and is president of Columbia Pacific Tax in Bend, Oregon. Prior to his current activities, Mr. Turel was the Principal and CEO of Columbia Turel, (formerly Columbia Bookkeeping, Inc.) a position which he held from 1974 to 2001. Prior to the sale of the company to Fiducial, one of Europe’s largest accounting firms, Columbia had approximately 26,000 annual tax clients including approximately 4,000 small business clients. Additionally, Mr. Turel successfully operated as majority owner of two cable TV companies during the 80’s and 90’s which were eventually sold to several public corporations. Mr. Turel is a pilot, author, was a former delegate to the White House Conference on Small Business and held positions on several state and local Government committees. Mr. Turel’s qualifications to serve on the Company’s Board of Directors include his more than 20 years of accounting and business management experience.

Cara Pepper Day – Ms. Pepper Day joined the Board on July 16, 2022. She has spent the last 12 plus years in technology specific to beverage alcohol with GreatVines, Andavi Solutions, and Crafted ERP by Doozy Solutions. From February 2011 to May 2021, Ms. Pepper Day anchored the Sales and Success teams at GreatVines rising to Director of Customer Success. From May 2021 to November 2021 Ms. Pepper Day served as VP of Customer Success at Andavi Solutions. In November of 2021 Ms. Pepper Day joined the team at Crafted ERP by Doozy Solutions. Ms. Pepper Day holds a Bachelor of Arts degree from Linfield University in Mathematics. She was awarded the Willamette Valley Vineyards Bacchus Employee of the Year award in 2006. Ms. Pepper Day’s qualifications to serve on the Board include her breadth of sales, technology and beverage industry understanding and experience.

Sarah Rose –Ms. Rose joined the Board on July 16, 2022. Ms. Rose started her career at WVV as a marketing intern and worked in the tasting room during her time at Willamette University where she received a Bachelor of Arts in Anthropology. Ms. Rose has 15+ years of experience innovating and implementing marketing and event campaigns – including seven years (from 2015 – 2022) for Compass Group at Microsoft, where she was responsible for the customer experience including storytelling, events, and communications for 40,000+ Microsoft employees on the expansive Puget Sound campus. While she also spent some time working for a start-up (2023-2023), she has rejoined the food and hospitality industry once again at Compass Group at Amazon, responsible for the events, marketing and storytelling across the enterprise at Amazon. Ms. Rose is also on her local school’s PTA board in Communications. Ms. Rose’s qualifications to serve on the Board include her marketing, event, and hospitality expertise.

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Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports

Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires the Company’s officers, directors and persons who own more than 10% of a registered class of the Company’s equity securities to file certain reports with the SEC regarding ownership of, and transactions in, the Company’s securities. These officers, directors and stockholders are also required by SEC rules to furnish the Company with copies of all Section 16(a) reports that are filed with the SEC. Based solely on a review of copies of such forms received by the Company and written representations received by the Company from certain reporting persons, the Company believes that except for one Form 4 that was filed late by Jim Bernau, all Section 16(a) reports required to be filed by the Company’s executive officers, directors and 10% stockholders were filed on a timely basis for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Code of Ethics

The Company has adopted a code of ethics applicable to its principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions, which is a “code of ethics” as defined by applicable SEC rules. A copy of the Company’s Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is posted on the Company’s web site, www.wvv.com. Amendments to the Company’s Code of Business Conduct and Ethics or any grant of a waiver from a provision of the Company’s Code of Business Conduct and Ethics requiring disclosure under applicable SEC rules, if any, will be disclosed on the Company website. Any person may request a copy of the Company’s Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, at no cost, by writing to the Company at the following address:

Willamette Valley Vineyards, Inc.
Attention: Corporate Secretary
8800 Enchanted Way SE
Turner, OR 97392

Audit Committee

The Company has a separately designated standing audit committee established in accordance with Section 3(a)(58)(A) of the Exchange Act. The members of the Audit Committee are Craig Smith, Sean Cary and Stan G. Turel. All members of the Audit Committee are independent as defined under the applicable rules and regulations of the SEC and the director independence standards of NASDAQ, as currently in effect. Sean Cary serves as chair of the committee.

Audit Committee Financial Expert

Craig Smith serves as the Audit Committee’s “financial expert” as defined in applicable SEC rules and NASDAQ listing standards. Mr. Smith is independent as defined under the applicable rules and regulations of the SEC and the director independence standards of NASDAQ, as currently in effect.

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Summary Compensation Table

The following table sets forth certain information concerning compensation paid or accrued by the Company, to or on behalf of the Company’s principal executive officer, James W. Bernau and Chief Financial Officer, John Ferry for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. No other executive officer of the Company received total compensation in 2023 in excess of $100,000, and thus disclosure is not required for any other person.

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Summary compensation information is as follows:

Summary Compensation Table
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Nonqualified |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Non-equity |  |  | Deferred |  |  | All |  |  |  |
Name, |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Stock |  |  | Option |  |  | Incentive Plan |  |  | Comp. |  |  | Other |  |  |  |
Principal Position |  | Year |  | Salary |  |  | Bonus |  |  | Awards |  |  | Awards |  |  | Compensation |  |  | Earnings |  |  | Comp.* |  |  | Total |
Bernau, James W., |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
President, Chief Executive |  | 2023 |  | $ | 321,236 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 87,638 |  |  | $ | 408,874 |
President, Chief Executive |  | 2022 |  | $ | 300,222 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 91,981 |  |  | $ | 392,203 |
John Ferry |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Chief Financial Officer |  | 2023 |  | $ | 198,790 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 24,000 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 8,912 |  |  | $ | 231,702 |
Chief Financial Officer |  | 2022 |  | $ | 188,749 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 23,000 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 8,470 |  |  | $ | 220,219 |

| * | All other compensation includes Company payments for medical insurance, value of lodging, Board of Director stipends, life insurance payments and Company 401(k) matching contributions.

Bernau Employment Agreement – The Company and Mr. Bernau are parties to an employment agreement dated August 3, 1988, as amended on February 20, 1997, in January of 1998, in November 2010, and again on November 8, 2012 (the “Bernau Employment Agreement”). Under the Bernau Employment Agreement, Mr. Bernau is paid an annual salary with annual increases tied to increases in the consumer price index. Mr. Bernau’s 2023 bonus is calculated as a percentage of Company net income before taxes: 5% on the first $1.75 million of pre-tax income, and 7.5% on pre-tax net income over $1.75 million, not to exceed his current yearly base salary. Additionally, Mr. Bernau participates in the Company’s employer-sponsored 401(k) plan. Pursuant to the Bernau Employment Agreement, the Company provides Mr. Bernau with housing on the Company’s property. Mr. Bernau resides in the estate house, free of rent, which is also used to accommodate overnight stays for Company guests. Mr. Bernau resides in the residence for the convenience of the Company and must continue to reside there for the duration of his employment in order to provide additional security and lock-up services for late evening events at the Estate Winery. The Bernau Employment Agreement provides that Mr. Bernau’s employment may be terminated only for cause, which is defined as non-performance of his duties or conviction of a crime.

Ferry Employment Agreement – The Company and Mr. Ferry are parties to an employment agreement dated September 11, 2019 (the “Ferry Employment Agreement”). Under the Ferry Employment Agreement, Mr. Ferry is paid an annual salary that is both reviewed and subject to adjustment annually. Mr. Ferry is also eligible to receive an annual performance-based incentive payment that is reviewed and subject to adjustment. Mr. Ferry is also due a retention payment of $150,000 if he is with the Company through April 30, 2026.

Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End

There were no equity awards or other equity awards held by our named executive officers outstanding as of December 31, 2023.

Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change In Control

In the event of a change in control of the Company, Mr. Ferry would be entitled to receive one year’s salary.

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Director Compensation

The following table sets forth information concerning compensation of the Company’s directors other than Mr. Bernau for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023:

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Change |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | in Pension |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Value and |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Nonqualified |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Fees Earned |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Non-equity |  |  | Deferred |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | or |  |  | Stock |  |  | Option |  |  | Incentive Plan |  |  | Compensation |  |  | All Other |  |  |  |
Name |  | Paid in Cash |  |  | Awards |  |  | Awards |  |  | Compensation |  |  | Earnings |  |  | Compensation |  |  | Total |
James L. Ellis |  | $ | 2,150 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  | $ | 9,446 |  |  | $ | 11,596 |
Sean M. Cary |  |  | 2,050 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 2,050 |
Craig Smith |  |  | 2,000 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 2,000 |
Stan G. Turel |  |  | 2,300 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 2,300 |
Leslie Copland(1) |  |  | 650 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 650 |
Sarah Rose |  |  | 1,416 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,416 |
Cara Pepper Day |  |  | 1,566 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,566 |

(1) Leslie Copeland resigned from the Board on July 17, 2023.

Other compensation for James L. Ellis includes a monthly stipend for ongoing consultation services as well as serving as administrator of any potential employee complaint that might rise to the Board’s level. The members of the Board received cash compensation for their service on the Board in 2023 and are reimbursed for out-of-pocket and travel expenses incurred in attending Board meetings.

In January 2009, the Board, upon the recommendation of the Compensation Committee, who had sought outside counsel regarding revision of the Company’s Board compensation plan, adopted the final version of the revised WVV Board Member Compensation Plan (the “Board Compensation Plan”). The Board Compensation Plan was updated at the Board meeting in February 2024 (the “Revised Plan”). Under the terms of the Revised Plan, any Board member may elect not to receive any or all of the compensation components. The Board also reserved the right to suspend this plan at any time based on prevailing economic conditions and their impact on the Company. The Revised Plan stipulates that each director receive: (i) a $1,000 yearly stipend for service on the Board; (ii) $500 per Board meeting; and (iii) $200 per committee meeting.

Policies and Practices for Granting Certain Equity Awards

As noted below, we do not have any active equity compensation plans, and no options or other equity awards are outstanding. We do not currently have any plans to issue any such awards. If and when we begin issuing such awards, we will take precautions reasonably designed to ensure we do not time the disclosure of material nonpublic information for the purpose of affecting the value of executive compensation.

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

Equity Compensation Plan Information

The Company does not have any active equity compensation plans, and no options or other equity awards are outstanding.

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management

The following table sets forth certain information with respect to beneficial ownership of the Company’s Common Stock as of March 26, 2024 by: (i) each person who beneficially owns more than 5% of the Company’s Common Stock; (ii) each Director of the Company; (iii) each of the Company’s named executive officers; and (iv) all directors and executive officers as a group. Except as indicated in the footnotes to this table, each person has sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares attributable to such person.

Information concerning persons who beneficially own more than 5% of the Company’s common stock who are not otherwise affiliated with the Company is based solely upon statements made in filings with the SEC or other information we believe to be reliable.

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Unless otherwise noted, the address of each beneficial owner listed in the table is 8800 Enchanted Way SE Turner, OR 97392.

|  |  |  |  | Percent of |  |  |  |  |
|  | Number of |  |  | Shares |  | Beneficial |  |  | Beneficial
|  | Shares Outstanding |  |  | Beneficially |  | Ownership |  |  | Ownership
|  | Stock |  |  | Owned (1) |  | Denominator |  |  | Percent
James W. Bernau, President/CEO, Chair of the Board |  |  | 362,202 |  |  | 7.3% |  |  | 4,964,529 |  |  | 7.3%
John Ferry, CFO |  |  | - |  |  | ** |  |  | 4,964,529 |  |  | 0.0%
James L. Ellis, Director |  |  | 19,865 |  |  | ** |  |  | 4,964,529 |  |  | 0.4%
Sean M. Cary, Director |  |  | 5,200 |  |  | ** |  |  | 4,964,529 |  |  | 0.1%
Stan G. Turel, Director |  |  | 12,192 |  |  | ** |  |  | 4,964,529 |  |  | 0.2%
Craig Smith, Director |  |  | 1,500 |  |  | ** |  |  | 4,964,529 |  |  | 0.0%
Sarah Rose, Director |  |  | - |  |  | ** |  |  | 4,964,529 |  |  | 0.0%
Cara Pepper Day, Director |  |  | 2,000 |  |  | ** |  |  | 4,964,529 |  |  | 0.0%
Christopher Riccardi |  |  | 385,485 | (2) |  | 7.8% |  |  | 4,964,529 |  |  | 7.8%
100 Tall Pine Ln., Apt 2102, Naples, FL 34105 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Carl D. Thoma |  |  | 336,189 | (3) |  | 6.8% |  |  | 4,964,529 |  |  | 6.8%
300 N. LaSalle St, Suite 4350. Chicago, IL 60654 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
All Directors and Executive Officers as a group (8 persons) |  |  | 402,959 |  |  | 8.1% |  |  | 4,964,529 |  |  | 8.1%

| ** | Less than one percent

| (1) | The percentage of outstanding shares of common stock is calculated based on 4,964,529 shares of Common Stock outstanding as of March 26, 2024. Shares owned do not include ownership of preferred stock shares.

| (2) | Based on a Form 4 filed by Mr. Riccardi with the SEC on December 29, 2015.

| (3) | Based on a Schedule 13G/A filed by Mr. Thoma with the SEC on February 8, 2017. Beneficial ownership includes 139,429 shares held by the Carl D. Thoma Roth IRA, TD Ameritrade Clearing Custodian for the benefit of Mr. Thoma.

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

The Company did not participate in any transactions with related persons for the year ended December 31, 2023 or 2022 that had a direct or indirect material interest in an amount exceeding $120,000 and there are no currently proposed transactions with related persons that exceed $120,000.

All proposed transactions between the Company and its officers, directors, and principal shareholders are required be approved by a disinterested majority of the members of the Board and will be on terms no less favorable to the Company than could be obtained from unaffiliated third parties.

The Board has determined that each of our directors, except Mr. Bernau and Mr. Ellis is “independent” within the meaning of the applicable rules and regulations of the SEC and the director independence standards of NASDAQ, as currently in effect. Furthermore, the Board has determined that, with the exception of the Executive Committee, each of the members of each of the committees of the Board is “independent” under the applicable rules and regulations of the SEC and the director independence standards of NASDAQ, as currently in effect.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES

Moss Adams LLP served as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. Fees for professional services provided by our independent registered public accounting firm in each of the last two fiscal years, in each of the following categories are:

|  | Years Ended December 31, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Audit fees (1) |  | $ | 317,100 |  |  | $ | 245,500 |
Tax fees (2) |  |  | 61,585 |  |  |  | 99,195 |
|  | $ | 378,685 |  |  | $ | 344,695 |

| (1) | Audit fees represent fees for services rendered for the audit of the Company’s annual financial statements and other audit related, 401k plan audit, review of prospectus supplement and review of the Company’s quarterly financial statements.

| (2) | Tax fees represent fees for services rendered for tax compliance, tax advice and tax planning.

Pre-approval policies and procedures

It is the policy of the Company not to enter into any agreement for Moss Adams LLP to provide any non-audit services to the Company unless (a) the agreement is approved in advance by the Audit Committee or (b) (i) the aggregate amount of all such non-audit services constitutes no more than 5% of the total amount the Company pays to Moss Adams LLP during the fiscal year in which such services are rendered, (ii) such services were not recognized by the Company as constituting non-audit services at the time of the engagement of the non-audit services and (iii) such services are promptly brought to the attention of the Audit Committee and prior to the completion of the audit were approved by the Audit Committee or by one or more members of the Audit Committee who are members of the Board to whom authority to grant such approvals has been delegated by the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee will not approve any agreement in advance for non-audit services unless (1) the procedures and policies are detailed in advance as to such services, (2) the Audit Committee is informed of such services prior to commencement and (3) such policies and procedures do not constitute delegation of the Audit Committee’s responsibilities to management under the Exchange Act. In the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 all of the services performed by Moss Adams LLP were pre-approved by the audit committee.

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

| (a) | The following documents are filed as part of this report:

| (1) | Financial Statements

See “Index to Financial Statements” in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

| (2) | Financial Statement Schedules

All financial statement schedules are omitted either because they are not required, not applicable or the required information is included in the financial statements or notes thereto.

| (3) | Exhibits

Exhibit Number |  | Description
3.1 |  | Articles of Incorporation of Willamette Valley Vineyards, Inc. (incorporated by reference from the Company’s Regulation A Offering Statement on Form 1-A [File No. 24S-2996])
3.2 |  | Amended and Restated Bylaws of Willamette Valley Vineyards, Inc. (incorporated by reference from the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 20, 2015 [File No. 001-37610])
4.1 |  | Amended and Restated Certificate of Designation regarding the Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference from the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 16, 2016 [File No. 001-37610])
4.2 |  | Description of Common Stock (incorporated by reference from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 filed with the SEC on March 11, 2020 [File No. 001-37610])
10.1 |  | Employment Agreement between Willamette Valley Vineyards, Inc. and James W. Bernau dated August 3, 1988 (incorporated by reference from the Company’s Regulation A Offering Statement on Form 1-A [File No. 24S-2996])
10.2 |  | Employment Agreement between Willamette Valley Vineyards, Inc. and John Ferry dated September 11, 2019 (incorporated by reference from the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 16, 2019 [File No. 001-37610])
10.3 |  | Revolving Note and Loan Agreement dated May 28, 1992 by and between Northwest Farm Credit Services, Willamette Valley Vineyards, Inc. and James W. and Cathy Bernau (incorporated by reference from the Company’s Regulation A Offering Statement on Form 1-A [File No. 24S-2996])
14.1 |  | Code of Ethics (incorporated by reference from the Company’s Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A, filed on June 30, 2004)
23.1 |  | Consent of Moss Adams LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (Filed herewith)
31.1 |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Filed herewith)
31.2 |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Filed herewith)
32.1 |  | Certification of James W. Bernau pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Furnished, not filed, herewith)
32.2 |  | Certification of John Ferry pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Furnished, not filed, herewith)
97.1 |  | Clawback Policy (Filed herewith)
101 |  | The following financial information from the Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, furnished electronically herewith, and formatted in iXBRL (Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language); (i) Balance Sheets; (ii) Statements of Operations; (iii) Statements of Shareholders’ Equity; (iv) Statements of Cash Flows; and (v) Notes to Financial Statements. (Filed herewith)
104 |  | The cover page from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 has been formatted in Inline XBRL

| (1) | The exhibits listed under Item 15(a)(3) hereof are filed as part of this Form 10-K, other than Exhibits 32.1 and 32.2, which shall be deemed furnished.

| (2) | All financial statement schedules are omitted either because: (i) they are not required; (ii) they are not applicable; or (iii) the required information is included in the financial statements or notes thereto.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

WILLAMETTE VALLEY VINEYARDS, INC.

(Registrant)

By: | /s/ James W. Bernau |
James W. Bernau,
Chairperson of the Board, President
Date: March 26, 2024

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated:

Signature |  | Title |  | Date
/s/ James W. Bernau |  | Chairperson of the Board, |  | March 26, 2024
James W. Bernau |  | President |  |
|  | (Principal Executive Officer) |  |
/s/ John Ferry |  | Chief Financial Officer |  | March 26, 2024
John Ferry |  | (Principal Financial |  |
|  | and Accounting Officer) |  |
/s/ James L. Ellis |  | Director |  | March 26, 2024
James L. Ellis |  |  |  |
/s/ Craig Smith |  | Director |  | March 26, 2024
Craig Smith |  |  |  |
/s/ Stan G. Turel |  | Director |  | March 26, 2024
Stan G. Turel |  |  |  |
/s/ Sean M. Cary |  | Director |  | March 26, 2024
Sean M. Cary |  |  |  |
/s/ Sarah Rose |  | Director |  | March 26, 2024
Sarah Rose |  |  |  |
/s/ Cara Pepper Day |  | Director |  | March 26, 2024
Cara Pepper Day |  |  |  |

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